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Northern Star (1837-1852), 24th March 1838, Edition 1 of 1, Page 4, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      ^ 3 . _ __ QQEN LAWS . . "" iofonr . iSrdyBge vdllbe iburid an article upon "file genial ' pnndple jnTolred in the . repealof the Xbrn Laws , while we shall now observe upon the : &e speeches of the several speakers on Mr . TilIiers' recent motion on the question . The speech ef Mr . Villiebs , taldng it as a' worked jsam upon the general arithmetical principle , by which calculations liave been made upon tie subject off cheap bread , cheap labour , and competition power , sras able , masterly , searching , and according to rule ; Irat , as applied to the means professed to be attained , it was fallacious , unproductive , and unconvincing . The arguments , all through , went to place in odious ~^ - ~~~ - ^^^^—^^_^^^_ . ^__—^ ^^^^^^ m ^^^^^^^^^^^^ '" r t # \ T * itfr T k WC .

      comparison the state protection afforded to the landlord , with the no-protection administered to the ^ nannfaetorer , without the introduction of one single sentence or attempt at proof , as to the permanent effect' which his scheme would hare upon the new Xirder of things , to be created by a repeal of tie Corn Xaws . There was some guessing at and backing of former prophecies , it is true ; but no general scale of probable general results . Instead of troubling our readers-Kith an elaborate report of the debate we chall lay before - them , with comments , the most striking extracts from the speeches of the several speakers . Mr . Yxlxiebs early in the debate thus

      opened upon the House : — - ** The fl » y tn » sanely TrhenPaifiwnent could , "by the more —expression of their power asd prerogative , refuse to satisfy fhereneral Irishes oTthe people . ( Hear , liear . ) The conduct of the HwaBeoatMssra ^ ect hitherto had lieen such as to make the intelligent people of the country almost despair of » bt redrew lor aiiaming grievance attfierr hands—to make them look , upon the noose BSBnunre&n&ed one in all that toochedits own interesta- ^ nay , to induce upon them , the Opinion that thelianis -which passed the Corn Lam had been strengthened by the Reform . Act , and finally , to impress them with the "belief that their only hope iras to extract from the fears of the Legislature that -srileii they -could sot obtain -from their Justice . ( Hear , hear . )*' In every word of the above extract we fully

      concur ; but what guarantee would the people have , iaat a change of power from the landlords , to the manufacturers , would produce a 'better state of "filings ? On the contrary , with the present limited and interested constituent body , may we not suppose that the just taunts ( of " making the people look upon the present House as an unreformed one in all that touches their own interest , " ) would beunder the projected change as applicable to those into whose iiands power would fall , as it is now chargeable iroon the landlords . As to the time arriving , when the fears of the House must give way to popular demand , we are agreed ; but the demand will be for more than a mere repeal of the Corn Laws . The Hon . Gentleman then

      proceeds"His complaint "was , that they still persevered in the bad yoBey which at that period had teen pnrsoed—they Trere still for creating a home bade , instead of looking to and encouraging the foreign trade . Thug it was that thev gave to fare ^ nera , in TnaVmg themselves manufaetorers , and , in-- ^ teadof customers , changing them into rivals . ( Hear , hear ) l ^ ttheia look to Russia and to the United States , -who had long since told them that ifthejr jtrodnetkai of grain -were Tefused they must become manuScturerg . Mr . Huskisson bad predicted all the evil consequences which had since followed . He appealed to the Honourable Members for Nottmsj-Sam and Derbyshire if the distressedstate of their manufac-^ tnres was not caused 'by their "being unable to eonreete in

      Y-Ttfapnws -with the friTmgn ¦ mgTfn'T'r tTITWE ?" . "With respect to the threat of the Russians and the Americans , to manufacture for themselves , Mr . Txlliebs has been well answered by Sir " William Moleswobth ; and we shall presently shew , from ihe words of the Hon . Baronet , that the contemplated result of the repeal of the Com Laws , would , Tmt from different motives , have a precisely similar tendency . - AstothemanufacturersofNottinghamand Derby not being able t © contend with foreign manufacturers , it means nothing more or less than a declaration that the wages of the English operative must

      be reduced ; wbile all the speakers have lost sight of , or omitted to state , the fact , that the English operative never can compete with other States upon equal terms , so long as Ms produce has to go through the exorbitant national toll-bar , where idleness , luxury -depravity , ajistoeratie dominion , and old prejudices , ait as toll-collectors . In contending asainst the protection which landed property unjnstlv receives there was no attempt to ' protect labour ; but all was a demand for the protection of capital and speculation , at the risk of labour ; all but labour beine a fiction , and labour being the only real capital . Again Mr . Yilliers

      proceeds"as should- Kke to know if the farmers had an interest distinct from every other class . If the landlord laised the pace of the produce , -wouldlje not ask the tenant a ereater price forhisland ? ( Hear . ) " - Tes , truly , the landlord in such case would ask the tenant a greater price for his land ; and as the operative stands in the same relation to the Tnamrfacturer as the tenant does to his landlord , so , by a parity of reasoning , would the manufacturer offer the operative a less price for hi 3 labour , if the price of bread was reduced . The exordium of Sir " William Molxs-woxth s speech vas a mere elementary treatise up ' on social institutions and probable results , from hypothetical data . "We commence our commentary with the following extract : — -

      In &ep ? eeedmg remarks he had onlv traced the effect of tne Corn Law upon the aggregate wealth and power of a eommunitjr . He should , however , at the present moment , « mfine hmBelf stnetly to the effects of the Corn Law iipon the comfort andwefl-being of the community . To what extent , he would ask , did that law decrease or increase the « joyjnentsofthoee-irholivedTOonicnt , mxm the profits of ^ ° « * 3 won the wages ofTabour ? ^ Then wages were logh Ha labourers were contented ; when profits wire high ibu vaiue 01

      ~ - ~ r *~^^* - ^ «< = « "c , waen me land was laght&elandloTdg were prosperous . Xow . Vere these three interests consistent or mronroitentone with ' another ? He felt convinced that they were consistent ; and that it wa * onlv m consequence rffhe Corn Law that they appeared opposed Upon what , he asked , aidhiga wages andhighprofits depend ? Upon the means of productively employing labour and capital The amount ofwageg depended upon the-proportion between Jtewimbaofiabouien ana the means ofprofitably

      employ-The ideas contained in the above extract are exoeedingly enigmatical , and , in his reasoning , the Honourable Baronet seems to have strayed from the wide field of foreign policy , and to have made his commentary -upon the simultaneous contentment af the landlord , manufectorer , and labourer , from a consideration of then * domestic dependency ths ' one -upon the , other ; otherwise , how substantiate " the fevouTite " argument , that " nigh price of labour , and tie power to meet foreisna competition , is incompati-IQe ^ l&WiLMAM thus proceeds : —

      " ^» io « ne wi * tBmilar manner , if the amount of eapital -were large compared with the means of profitably employing it , serere competition took place amongst capitalists ; capital * rtt invested m evvrj trade-which held » ttt a ' - 'ha-n ce of profit : over-trading took place , and the possessors of produce « naeaToared to obtain a market by undeiseDingone another . Eow , then , were tbertapoiso : « d to eompetitioa and pn > ¦« nce a feir profit ? Tins result might be brought about , for instance , "b y aome agrieohuatl iiuuruveiuent , which would JBereweihejittductiTe power of . k » a abeadr-onaer aiage , ana . naafer productive a large quantity of land wludThad JiKTicmaToecn steriV . k-r , * m& >< r **»• v ^ . ^ t ^ n v « m ^ - ^»

      . Zh ^ L ^ lS ! uJ ^ 5 ^? F *** improvementt had taken ptteemagMBitoem Ireland . These improvements , together J&S ^ S ^^ ^ W ° i ^ & * * & £ ** extent aeaiiya > e «« me effect m extending the field of production as SSSf ^^ L * ? « P ^ W ; hnrtral eompetitwu had , M ^ A ^ nV ^ tT ^* aaiiwfitshadrlien , aniaS S ^ SiS ^^ jT ¦ ??? ^ tented an ? peiceafi k ^ S ^! wa »« nlyof » tempararrkmd ; x > op& 5 oi mm& 43 £ sm

      Here Sir "WrLtiAM MoiSBwoRTH seems to lose sght of t 1 » following feet , namely , that Ireland is ^ nagricnltaral country , and that the standard of wages is more simply regulated , as being onl y applicable to the produce of " the soil , which is regulated by -the price of the said prodnce . Again the price of ^ agricultural wages was the only description » f wages -kbich was raised , while , the wages of the mechanic * as not only reduced , but still subjected to contend ' , against the higher price ef agricultural jfToduce , a circumstance which threw / many -rreavers and mechanics out of their usual employment , and induced them either to substitute the ^ paae for the Ehnttle or the hammer , or to emigrate ~ tothejEngfiA manufacturing markets ; so mutatis sedandUj ? a « aee ( without an equitable adjustment ) ibeprice of agiSspltural labour , and you of necessity

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      drire lie reduced / agticulfendvlabourer as a competitor into the advanced -labour market , The only means , by which Sir " Wilmam ! further argument can be met , is this : that by competition is meant , tiie power which the capitalist has in unresfaictedlj dabbling in the labour-marketi He leaves wholly untouched ti » necesaty of a certain portion of the the profit on labour returning to the place from whence it came , namely , to the vorkiag-maa . In such event , his dread of over production and overpopulation , would go to the winds . Alas ! the wrong channel into which the profit upon labour goes , ia nTiTfl rKo . y < vTW /* f » rt « cmrmlfiTr « kl ^ l « k ^ # tfrtV £ aW «¦ m ^ u ^* .. ^^ .

      ihe great , the crying , the insurmountable grievance . We now give Sir "William ' s short but pithy and convincing conclusion , and which furnishes the best mswer to the most-relied-upon-part of Mr . Villiers' speecb . — . " Tlie power , the -wealth , and the happiness of this country were impaired by the Corn Law , which was made for the supposed protection of ' the - landlords . He said supposed idvantage of the landlords , forhe believed that with the increase of wealth and population which would be the comeguesce of an unrestricted trade in corn , land would soon become more valuable than at present , and consequentl y would pay higher rent- ; for rent was the value given in return for the -use of land . " - ¦ "

      Mr . v illiebs deplored the threat of the Russians md Americans to manufacture upon their own iccount , in consequence of the restrictions laid upon iheir produce , and the unequal terms of barter between their country and this . Now , suppose the assertion of Sir "W . Molesworth to be true , and that the effect of the repeal of the Corn Laws , would be an advance in rent , in the price of produce , and in the price of labour , must not a corresponding advance take place in the price of English manufactures , both at nome and abroad ; and would not such " an advance be a still greater

      inducement to Americans and Russians to manufacture upon their own account , unless , indeed , we maybe told ,: that-they would be satisfied with a mere increase in the price of agricultural produce . It is clear either that England is the one only great cook-shop of Europe and America , and that the price of every acre of land upon those great Continents ii to Deregulated by the scale of English necessity , or the whole argument falls to the ground . If the price of English land is raised , the price of American , Russian , and all other countries with which we trade ,

      must be raised also , or what comes of our equalising system ? "Will Sir "William point out how the price of labour can be equalised all over Europe , without equalising ibat by which itspriee is regulated ? And then are we such cormorants , as to gobble and devour all the corn of all the countries to such an extent , as to affect the price of land in this universal degree ? Raise the English rents , and you raise the Continental rents , and then what becomes of the cheap-food flash ? It must have this tendency : for Sir "William Molesworth cannot take the

      maps of America , Russia , Poland , Germany , Trance , and Prussia , and dot them by an acreable seale , as to the proportion in which they will be selected for furnisliing the necessary supply for the EuEjlisb market . "We next come to Sir H . Parkell . He says " With Tespect to the amount of this tax , taking an average increase in the price of corn of only 5 s . per quarter , this , at a computation of fifty millions of quartexBof differen t kinds of grain .-which were consumed annually in the kingdom , gave a tar of no kas than . f 12 , 500 , 000 in amount Yet it wasnot to be supposed that this twelve miTlinT ^ a ^ a half went into the

      pockets of the landowners—even that was not the case the simple feet being that . the greater part of this sum was actually lost in the great expenses necessarily incurred in procuring com of home produce , instead of resorting to foreign markets fora supply . A very small sum , not more than one-third or one-fourth of the whole tax , eventuallv went into the pockets of the landlords . Looking , therefore , at this question mwhat he conceived to be its true light—looking at the variety of interests which were involved in the repeal of these laws whilst the landowner , and the landowner only , derived anv benefit from them , he should most cordiall y support the motion now before the House . r-

      In nominating the amount of tax laid on by the Corn Laws , it should be recollected , that the good things are always usurped by an exclusive body , while grievances are generally laid before us as a kind of partnership concern . So feat wnen Sir Hesry Parsell was stating the increased amount laid upon a certain amount of corn , by the operation of the Corn Laws , he should have given us a scale . Suppose , then , for uniformity , that we take Mr . Tilliers scale of increase at £ 15 , 000 , 000 per annum ; this is upon the whole amount consumed . Even this is erroneous , for the very corn

      with which we are threatened , though not sold in the market , would have a considerable tendency to affect the price of home produce . However , let us deal with the fact as it arises . Suppose that there are fifteen millions of a bread-consuming community , and that five millions of those work for daily hire ; and even admitting the factory child consumes as mnch as the Duke or hi * pampered menial , we find that the tax falls at the rate of about £ 1 per head , or £ 5 , 000 , 000 per annum , upon those who are to be relieved by a repeal . This is not our way of dealing with the question : it is the hacknied phraseology of the arithmetical workers of it . But to return to the desired effect , which is , to reduce the price of bread by

      £ 5 , 000 , 000 annually upon the working classes ; but where is tobe the masters' share of the booty . «< Cheap labouT . " Now , suppose that labour is reduced by fourpence per day , the five millions of working people suffer to the amount of £ 26 , 000 , 000 a-year , and receive £ 5 , 000 , 000 in exchange in lieu thereof ; and that is a loss of £ 21 , 000 , 000 per annum . If a reduction of twopence per day , thirteen millions ; and if a reduction of one penny per day , six and a half millions ; that is , if a man ' s wages was reduced from four shillings a day to three and eleven-pence ; a reduction which we much doubt the masters would be satisfied with . . But as our object is to deal fairly with the question , rather than to use it as an election .

      eenng or agitating crutch , we may nere observe that no matter upon what description of produce ( extensively used ) a tax may he laid , it will considerably affect all other produce of every sort and kind . Thus corn being protected , more land is devoted to its growth than to other produce ; and therefore , the Corn Laws impose a tax upon bread , beef , mutton , pork , linen , tallow , cheese , milk , butter , and all else which the land fumishet j and which would be produced in greater abundance , and with more competition than at present . If milk was very generally used , and could be imported from

      the continent , a tax upon Tmiy would raise the pries of corn . "We now give Mr . Clay ' s morsel . * "J& ; ^ > after complimenting the Honourable Member for Wolverhampton forthe able manner in which hehadadvocated this question , and declaring his entire eoncurrenea in his Honourable Friend ' s views , expressed his regret that the advocates forthe repeal of the Con ? Laws haiiecewed little or nosupport from the public without the walls of this House . ( Opposition cheers . ) He deplored the apathy which existed in the pubhc mind on Qua important subjeet , but th « truth was so , ana he was bound to arow it . He believed th » t a repeal of the Com Laws , or an essential mo&fintinn nftv ^

      would never be obtained without the exercise of a pretoore from without . He aid not mean by this the exercise of mere brute forte , but that , widely-expressed public opinion which Che Legislature of this country , not even before the panting of the Reform B 3 L , and much lea * tsnee , could not refuse topav attention to . Yet what was the feet ? That whilst 196 WO had petitioned this House for a repeal of the Poor Law Amendment Act- ^ an act which all parties approved of- in Principle and which was only objected to in certain matteri ofdetau- — onlv 2 * . 000 had petitioned foT the repeal of the Com L »>

      ( Hear , hear . ) . Instead of applying themselves to this vital question , the people were running after a variety of < &imencal scheme * , such * a Umraal Ssffragte , « n& * variety of measures for the regulation of trade , but oaly twenty taousaad people came forward to demand the repeal of a monopd y which depressed all the energies of tto people .- . The tun would , however , he hoped , arrive when the people ofEngland would speak -upon the subject in a-nace not : to be mi « under > stood , and when at one blow these iniquiton * laws would be swept aw » y . " - = "¦ - ¦ ¦ " - - " - - . ¦

      This gentleman seems to speak more in sorrow than in anger , and , all through , to lacuTjratipn * is marked by folly and i gnorance . It appears , that if we clamour for that whieb Mr , Clay requires , we are practical men ; but when we seek for a means to produce all the benefits of those t * - suits , professed , to be ' sought for by Mr . C&ly and his par ^ -, we are then chimerical . By the realization of our principle , namely , TJniversal Suffrage , the people would make the repeal of the

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      Corn LawB a reaKty , Instead of a chimera , which ( it would turn but to be m ths ^ practical . workings of i Mr . Clay and his economical coadjutors . He ' mourns , that while 196 , 000 persons were found to ' petition for a repeal of the'Poor Law Amendment 1 Act , not more than 22 , 000 haye petitioned for a i repeal of the Corn Laws . Now , common honesTy i should have induced him to Aow the value . ' of petitions ; but , as be has failed to do so , we shall show that-votes of Honourable Gentlemen are in an exact 1 inverse Tatio to the amount of petitionera . Thus , while ninety-five vote for the petitions of 22 , 000 , only O * im -X « nra - « i ^ ia 1 ! # -tr " tnb ^ aBi ) ~~ nf ¦ * / vitiTnai ^ -nrVtntt :

      seventeen are found to vote for the petitions of 196 , 000 . By alike rule , we hope that Universal Suffrage will be carried without any petition at all . "We " now come to sum up the debate , by giving the speech , the whole speech , the truth-telling speech of our excellent successor , Mr . E . Roche , Member for Cork County . And here we cannot avoid congratulating our political children of Cork , upon the selection of a young gen ^ eman , of great spirit and promise . He lets the cat out of

      the bag as follows : — " Mr . B . Roche ( Cork county ) was induced to rise in consequence of the charge which had been made against the Irish Members by the Honourable Baronet opposite ( Sir B . Batesen ) . He should vote for a repeal of the Corn Laws , because he felt that it would be impossible for the Irish nation to start upon equal terms-with the English as . a manufacturing country , until those laws were repealed . A repeal of the Corn Laws would open very extensive foreign markets for British manufactures ; but those markets were not at present available , in consequence of the rate of labour being kept up by the restrictive system ; but once 1 st them be aboUshed , and labour would immediately become cheap in Engl and , and still cheaper in Ireland . ( Renewed cries of' divide . '" Read that ! Mark it ; learn it ; and inwardly

      digest it ; and think upon a reduction of sixpence a-day , which is the Irish wages ; and think upon our power of , and taste for , increasing population in Ireland ; . and then refle

      labourer happy , comfortable , and respectable ; as our motto is , a good day ' s hire for a fair day ' s work . But we are not for any measure , which , though professing good , may lead to a further prostration of ^ labour to devouring capital . : ' " J > i ' ;

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      TO THE PROPRIETOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . London , March 21 s / , 1838 . My Dear Feakgus , —Your announcement of the Londen Evening Star , took me by surprise , but is not the less gratifying . Without a London daily paper we can do nothing effectual for the people . I have often expressed to you that opinion , and every succeeding day ' s experience confirms me in it . If there is to be a rerolution in this country ( audl maintain there must be one ) , it is the duty of the people ' s friends to achieve it at the least possible cost of violence ,

      tribulation , and suffering , to all classes . In other words it is our duty to render the revolution , which now menaces society , —a revolution of ; order , enlightenment and permanent benefit , To accomplish such a revolution—to distinguish it from all former revolutions , we must have an instructed as well as an united people . The reason why all revolutions have hitherto failed in the world is simply this— they were always made in the interest , oj factions belonging to Ae upper or liiidiUe ranks of life , and there teas nowhere a sufficient ajnount

      of popular intelligence to take advantage of them for national purposes . The consequence is , that while the sceptre of despotism has been repeatedly made to change hands in almost every civilized country on earth , it has nowhere passed into the the hands of the people at large , whose despoti / mas alone synonymous or identical with political justice Remember the word despotism means the act of governing by one or more manters . Remember that no one individual , or body of individuals , can have any right to erect themselves into masters , which

      does not equally appertain to every other individual or body of individuals . As therefore all individuals and all particular bodies of individuals are on a footing ol equality with respect to the right of mastering oi governing , it follows that that right is inherent in , and inalienable from , the aggregate of eachcommunity , it resting solely with the community at large to determine how the right is to be exercised , whether directly , by deliberation , by commission , oi otherwise . Unfortunately , however , for want o political intelligence on the part of the millions , this

      right of mastership has been , hitherto , usurped anc monopolised in all countries by small sections of th < inhabitantu , to the exclusion ef the mass , and tb consequence is , that while the sections exercising mastership are everywhere enjoying the lion ' s shan of the good things of life , the ejected millions an turned into machines of mere production and eon venience for the said masters or despots . Now it i ; vain to hope to put an end to this state of things without we previously have an instructed people Change after change may be made , revolution afte

      revolution , society may be disjointed , upheaved , and even rent into chaotic fragments , yet as certainly as day dispels darkness , as mind governn matter , — - so certainly will society , after collecting together the fragments of its wrecked civilization , revert to its old state of sectional mastership , unleBS all the sections or parts composing it be put upon an equality of instruction or intelligence . Do not , my dear Feargus , be alarmed at this fearful condition , as

      one impossible to be complied with . Do not imagine that by equality of intelligence or instruction I mean that before the poor can enjoy equality of rights with the rich , they must be equally well informed as the rich are on all subjects . I ipeak , bear in mind , only of poUtical intelngence , and that , I maintain , i » a » accessible to lihe . poor as itis to thejich , provided the poor y £ l only set about it in the proper way . " .. ' ' ¦ - " - ' . ¦ '' ¦ . _ ; : \ - -. '" ; . ¦ ¦ . ' ¦ ¦ ¦ .- '

      But what ,, you may ask , is the proper way ? I answer , that you , yourself , have partly answered the question , by your announcement of the daily evening paper , and that I doubt not you will more effectually answer it when you come to apply the machinery necessary to such an undertaking . The machinery is the simplest imaginable . It eotwista of three tbingsjj all equally simple- ^ equally prac ticabie . 1 st . Funds to float the concern ; 2 nd . Men of ability and integrity to conduct it ; and 3 rd \ Subscribers to keep it afloat on terms of mutual

      advantage to themselves , and to the concern . With regpeet fc funds , you say the men of Hudderefield hare already promised £ 600 ; and you also make a significant allusion to the Savings' Banks . ' What you say of Huddersfield , is no more than I should have expected from tiiat gallant little town . Judging of the sack by ihe « anq ? l « , ( Cobbbtt ' 8 favourite ter t , ) I should say that a ^ population of which 0 ASTI . BU , Stocks , Pitkethley , Bu chanan ^ TSa ^ sow , and Hiest , are amongst ttie few samples personally known to me , could not be

      ojiierwise than publi * spirited , in the best and noblest sense of that term . And as to the Saving : ? S *?» * ° wlwt joater , wiser , more beneficial purpos < could they possibly appropriate a portion of their funds than to the establishment of daily and weekly journals , local as well as metropolitan ? "There are two ways , " says Gakat , a French Minister of great revolutionary experience , "by which a great political change may te accomplished ia a state . Either the innovators produce a change of opinion , which , o f course changes pouters and e «^ iV « fj < m <'

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      r they pverthrovr institutions a * d powers , by ^ rtiich , consequent ^ change of opinipn is also effected ^ Che first is the longest , arid is" to be ' slowly trayelledl phei seeaud . ia not ; a rpadyr ; buta prec ^ ice tobe : eaped over ; it requiresbut ; one bold leap , and but i moment of time . ' Garat is so far ri ghtJ There ore ; but these two ways of operating ; reVolutiong . Syere the working people of England M of iaj nindy I should choose" the shorter way . I should eap the precip | ce But in the existing sta <^ of Jopular ^ mfelUgence , that course is neither practicable , the Jik *« f"Avai 4 nvnnr ina ^ fii ^ n « i ^ HBkJl «^« . 4 *« k « u .- ¦ t .-Ii ^ Ujls ^ i _ ¦

      n ^ first instance ; nor would it pre-eminehtly jnsure us what we want , in the next . A ' revolution , to be permanently beneficial to the proletarian ilasses , must not only be Ae work of those classes , but it must be conducted by them , and consummated jn principles which suppose a thorough knowledge at their political righta and duties . In 18 ^ , the MuiuqHistes , or Co-operative Artizansol Lyons

      were perfect mastens of that city . They had beaten the Ring ' s troq > 8 , expelled the ^ profit-mongers ' National Guard , erected a new municipality 6 f their own , and gotten possession of every place of authority , and materiel of power , in the cUvy Yet for want of the political knowledge I speak of , they Were virtually as powerless as before their victory . Perfidious negociations were entered into : with them by the Government-r-seeds of dissension were

      were « own , -r-their attention was distracted from the measures , which should havei occupied them in conjunetibni with the men of St .. Etienn < j > Mar-i **®* : * l ^ otiw P ? ?» whp WaQted ^ only intelligencsrand proper leaders to effect a ¦ real revolutionand the ^ ^ result .. ' -Was-their discomfiture , unconditional surrender to the Singe troops , and a return to tlieir state of slavery under the grinding factory lords . And . thus will it prove in all changes , uniessthe innovators be previously well instructed In their political rights ancf capabilities . NoW , as a daily press is confessedly the most ppwerful engine-r-the most rapid vehicle that has been yet discovered for

      propagating political knowledge , am I not justified in asking : to what nobler , wiser , or more salutary purpose could the funds of Savings' Banks be possibly appropriated ? With respect to the second part of the machinery —men of ability ; and integrity , ( the latter quality is even more requisite than the former ) it were a waste of words to dilate upon it . Yorkshire and Lancashire alone contains scores of individuals fully competent , inevery sense of the word , to conduct newspapers of the description needed , and for all the purposes

      required . If all the adults in those two counties were equally instructed as the few who have been in the habit of reading the cheap London . newspapers , during the last six years there would hardl y be any need at all for local ones ,: except tp record passing occurrences , and to serve as rallying points in times of emergency . But , even as it is , there : are qwtte men enough in Yorkshire and Lancashire , capable of instructing all the uniuitiated , and the rest of the ; kingdom into the bargain ^ jprovidedj they had the requisite machinery to begin with . The third part of the machinery is the most important , and apparently the most difftcult to proTifle

      but a word or two will suffice to show thatits attainment is equally practicable as the other two—I mean subscribers sufficient to support a daily paper without loss to themselves or the concern . To expect a working man to take in or buy a daily paper , would be absurd ; but there are few working men who do not frequent public-houses , coffee-houses shavingshops , news-rooms , or club-rooms of some description or other . Now , what is to prevent working men from requiring the proprietors of all such places to take in their favourite journal , as the condition of their custom and support ? Where is the publican , coffee-hbuse keeper , hair-dresser j proprietor of a

      news-room , or propnetpr of a tea-garden or bbwlinggreeri , frequented , by the ^ pPorer ' classes , : ^ o would risk ^ eloss of his business by refusing to subscribe to the poof men's paper ? None would dare to do so . It is manifest , then , f that the : working classes may , whenever they like ; have a real working man ' s daily press : ; - and that without entailing upon them the loss of a single penny beyond their ordinary expenditure . I say nothing of the factories , in every

      one of which there niight be a daily paper taken in , and read aloud by . one person to all the hands employedJn it : nor doII think it necessary to . refer to the practice of hiring papers at a ; penny an hour , to save tiie expense of purchasing them . I have said quite enough to shew the probability of obtaining a sufficiency of subscribers ; and all who feel any interest in the matter ,- may * discover other and better machinery than what I have described , if they will paly think seriously ^ upon it . ' ¦¦'"¦

      This very day * my dear Feargus , I should like to send you a lengthened commentary on ' thi . discussion in the Lords last night , more especially on the speeches of Lords Stan ?[ qi » e and Brotjoham but it would require at least six columns of your paper to do justice to the Bubjtcti ^ How often am I made to feel the want of a daily newspaper ! ' ¦ . - ¦¦ ' ' ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦/ . ¦ ' ; ¦ ¦¦ Yours , ¦ ¦ ' ¦ . ¦¦ . ¦ : .- ;¦ - ¦¦¦ . ¦ . ' ¦• . Faithfully and affectionately ^ ' , brontj : rre .

      Untitled Article

      . / -. . ¦ ¦ . . ¦ . . ¦ '¦ - . ' XEEDS . ' , ' .. ' ;¦ . V ' . . :- ¦ ¦¦ ¦ . ' . ¦ ¦ ' . '' ^ Imfudeiicb , REWA ^ DEDi—Joseph Pearson , a decent looking-young lellpw was brought before Messrs . Williamson and Smith , the sitting magisi trates on Monday last , charged with running away with a young woman and insulting her . A Policeman stated that on Sunday evening he was going down Briggate , when a young woman wehtto him and stated that prisoner had gone away with her companion , and that she had been requested to get

      a pouceman torescue her . Pearson wan accordingly foI 16 wed into Call-lane , where he was showing much love to hii unwilling fair one . He was taken to the police-office , and on the party not appearing on tlwfoUwing d&y 4 be charge of aasauJtwagdiiMniesed , and he was fined 5 a . and 7 s . 4 d . cp 8 to for beiag drunk . Pnsoner ' a mother being present declared as loud as her lungs would allow her , " " that it Vas a grand shame : " and the prisoner was confident the case of intoxication should have been proved beftre they inflicted the fine . ¦

      A Yorkshire CANNiBAi .-r-OnMoaday last , a young man , named Thomas Hetheringtpn , was brought up at the Court-house , charged with assaulting a policeman while aischvging his : duty . The policeman stated , that on Saturday night he was on duty at Quarry Hal , when tni prispner ' s landlady ¦ a Mrs . Lassey , with whom he lodged , sent for him to quell a disturbance . It appeared that prisbner had got drunk , and going hbme ^ he created } i disturbance in the house of Ws landlady . - When the policeman attempted to take him into custody , he birhis « nger very severely ^; l and it w a 8 not until assistance had been brought that he could be

      haridfuffed ., In answer to quiestioM % the Magistrates , he said ^ he was a worm AejtepynJi ; Pr . ^ riUiamjhhk What do you mean by , that f > Prisbner : A medical practitioner . Dr . Williainsra ; i By what authon ^ y do yon practice medicine ? -Prisoner :: ' Bt noparticular authority sir . Dr . WiUianttdn : Take care « a ^ in ^ estroying wprms ^ you : do i&t destroy , ^ je patient . Prisoner said he was a married tnan and sometimes earned 18 s . a weefc The assault bes clearly proved , the Doctor was fined 40 s ; and ^ H' - ? 7 , » ] defeu « of payment , to 'dance on the treadmill for one month . The learned practitioner chose the latter alternative . : ' ¦ •' , : :

      ; WdMB ^' ^ QrrABREis . -On Tuesday ' last , a respectable ' looking woman , named Mrs . C ^ rtoan ; ' charged her next door neighbour ^ Mrs . Jane Lister ! with assaulting her . Mrs . Lister was broueht un = by warrant . The whole ^ afi ^ ir wse out ' of \ giil ^ onOT to Mrs ; Lister , why keepsc- * vb-eer-hduse mthe-Koyal Hotel Yard , pouringsome wateron a P ?^ ° f ^^ . ^ #$ ™ - Gaineron had just $% ** : V ^ J ^ gaye ^ ise toiiKor ^ Si ^ wnich- were < $ oon fpD 6 w * d ; by blowavon the part of Mrs ;^ Listeiy for which she vras fined in the sum or i ^ M ' and fsl 4 d . costs , - ¦ -. ' . "¦ : ' ¦¦ ' : '' .- ; -4 ' '' ' . ¦ ¦ ¦"¦;¦ ¦ ¦ : ¦ ¦ :. ' . "¦ ' ? ::. ' / :- >'" :- - ' -. * .

      Untitled Article

      Hard Case . —Beer SELtERS .- » -Pn Tuesday last , a person ' " named - Isaac "Colley ^ -vrtio Iceeps a beer . house .. . at the , ' ^ ^ bottom of Harper-street , was brought up at the Court House charged with allows ing ^ three pierspns to drink beer in his house on Saturday nigh t . ^^ The three persons who hadbeen drinking i&e beer , appeared . They were nei ghfeputBV : and gave Colley an excellent character as a beer-house-keeper j and deposed / that they tad had np beer fiUed after half-past nine o ' clock , that they were perfectly . sober , and were only ¦ drinking the remains of a pint each over a neighbourly chat . The beer-house-kef per pleaded his good character ' tt j - ! * % -. __ - vVi . \ Lla—L '—— ' ^ i — ^ - ^ - n « * . * : « v

      and his ignorance , pf the law j as he was not aware he was finable if"he merely allowed beer to he drunk after ten o ' clock thathad been filled some time before . Dr , Williamspn w ; as sorry the law ' left the Magistrates no discretionaiy power ; ; and they were obliged to inflict the penalty of 40 s ,, ' arid costs [ The Magistrates differ very widely in their knowledge of their own powers , for it is not a month ago since a beer-hpuse-keeper yraa proved to have sold beer during the hours forbidden by law , and the penalty wasnot enforced ; costs only were charged . ] ¦ Matrimon ? Ai . Disturbance .- — --On Sunday last , a respectable working' man , named William

      Allinson , was charged at . - : tbei Court-Hpuse / by his wife , with abusing her in various ways . She desired nothing from ^ him , but to be separated , or for hint to be bound over to keep the peace . Allinson , who is a waterman , charged his wife with inconstancy , arid made several statements , which if true , would make out a wretched character for bis better half . He charged her with asspciating with women , pf the town j ' ' m&' « ell . Uig ^ . '' aU ; , - ^ s ' ; f ^ nitnre in his absence , and with a number of indecencies which we cannot mention . Notwithstanding the pitifulness of the poor fejlow ' s situation , he was bound pverto keep the peace for six months . / : l ¦ ;

      CRUEtTY to a Dog . —Two lads ^ named Derbyshire and Wilkinson , were charged on Tuesday last , before Jametf ^ ^ Williamsoh and William Smith , Esqs ., majgistrate 8 , with tying a can to a dogs tail , in Marsh-lane . Mr . Lister appeared for the Humane Society . The evidence for and against was about equal ; and the lads were each : fined five shHUngs and seven . shillings arid fourperice costs ; Dr . Williamson said the bench had treated them thus leniently in the bope that they would riot be brought there ona similar charge . Such treatment frequently caused dogs to gc mad , whereby they did much mischief . On the same day , a farmer / riarned John Crdssley ^ was charged with ; unnecessary cruelty-to severalcalves

      - , which he had brought to the market to sell . ¦ He had tied their fore legs together , arid they were Jying upon , or tumbling over each other , in the cart . One of therii was dead ; it was supposed frorii the wanton neglect of the owner ; Crossley Stated that it was dead before he left home , and he had brought it to sell for the price of the Skin . The Magistrates thought it not improbable that he had brought it to sell to some butcher for meat , arid they stated their belief that a good deal pf meat came into the shambles in that way . He was fined one shilling and costs . This sentence , however , was reversed , the Clerk of the Magistrates informing them that the lowest penalty they could inflict was five shillings . That accordingly ^ was the sentence . ;

      St . J&mes ' s Church , —On Monday last , the walls of our town were' distinguished by placards , announcing that the Reverend Mr . White would preach a sermon on the following evening in St . James ' s Church , in which he would consider some of the leading doctrines of Popery .: Several persons who were favourable to Catholicisrn , attended ; and , as we were given to understand ,-the Rev . Gentleman not being > xceedirigly moderate in his abuse of the Roman Catholics , denominating the Pope Anti-Christ , arid the priests fools , several persons called out " You ' re a liar . " A

      Mr . Lofthouse , a wheelwright , was suspected of being the ringleader , and was aecordingly ordered out of the church by a policeman . He was rathei obstinate , and refused to go , and was , consequently , rather roughly handled , He was brought up at the Court House , and fined One Pound and costs for the assault . He declared he would bririg the matter into another court . It was not proved that he w ; as the person whp called out "You ' re a liar ; " A rag arid bone gatherer was also charged with attempting to go into - the church With a sackful of bones on his back , with which be said he would convince the Rev . Gentleman that- he

      was wrong . As he was not admitted into the church , he did no harm , and was consequently discharged . More Pogket Pickins *— Two girls named Maria Crowtber and Eliza puebUry , and two young men named Firth and Langdale , were brought before the ^ Magistrates on ^ Wedriesday last , by a -Irian named Thomas .-.. Place , '; . ' who charged the prisoners with picking his pocket on Saturday night last . Place was in Gales ' s dram shop with the prispners ^ whom he treated to some drink ; and ' leaving the place they followed hiin , and one of them thrust his hand into his waistcoat pocketjand took out 10 s . and some other remarkable old coins . At the same time

      two young ^ men came up and made a grab at his watch which , however , he prevented , them from taking by . placing his hand ori his pocket , and they only succeeded . in taking a gold seal and key ; arid part of the chain to which they were suspended . He swore to Growther ast haying robbed him / of his rnotiey , but cpuld : nbt swear to -either of the young men . Crowther waa committed , and Duebury and Firth were set at liberty | but Langdale was brpught up on another charge of swindling a mast out p 50 s . who was purchasing a watch at Mr . Beecroft ' s , in Meadow-lane . The particulars of the case appear in another paragraph .

      CiBE ; of Compound Yitt&i-sy and AttemptedRobbery . ^ -Cheating the : Queen . —Ori Tuesday last , Mr . Raistrick , a hackney-coach proprietor , was brought before the Magistrates ^ charged ; with letting a ^ coach but to hire without paying the customary duty . The case excited coin siderable interest . The facts of it are as fbllbw >^ - It appeared that on the 11 th November : last , two persons connected with the excisej the one named Davidson , and the other Jackson , Mred a coach in Lowerhead Row ^ bslonging to Mr . Raistrick , to go to CWdsell , riear Dewsbury . Davidson hired the coach , and Jackson ; paid for it . It was hired in

      Lowerhead Row , and the parties were set down in Bri ^ gatev Jacks » n appeared on behalf of tie excise , arid Mr . Bond appeared for ; Mr .. Raistrick . Jaqkson stated that the coach beloriged to Mr . Raistrick , . hiving upon it '•¦ his nariie , and that it Was taken , upwards of , five miles wi ^ out / paying any duty . Mr . Bond entered into th f case with much ability , at corisiderabie length , and argued , first , that though the coach belonged to Mr . Raistriek , there was no proof that the horse was hisj and it was ^ upon the horse that the duty was charged . Secondly , had this been proved , the servant who let the coach was the : responsible jpersonj because a master could not be accountable ! for the criminal acts of his servants , who were cognizable > by ^ penal statutes . Abpve all , he thought the Slagistrates

      would never corivictinacaae like thisj which had evidently been fished for , and with no other a design than to inVglye Mr . Raisifcrick in the cpnsequences of a penalty . The Magistratesy in deciding upon tiie case , * aid there was a deficiency of proof with regard ^ to the horse , the circumstance of Mr . Raistrick ' s name being on the cdacl ^ was rip proof that the horse , was his ';> and for the wantof that proof they should disiriiss tBe case . A more barefaced attempt atr xtefjraud was never known before ; but we uriderstand that / - sev eral hackneycoach proprietors , have been siiiaiiarly : entrapped / They had another" case to try , - but in consequence of the decision in Mr , Raistrick ' s case , the ; otherr was withdrawn . , We hope these vagabonds will be caught in their own saaies ., V ¦ ¦ : ¦¦" . -. ¦ : '

      ^ Monsieur Nono Tono Paw Leeds . ^ On Monday last , a Erenchmari , whose name was not mentioned , was brought up at the Court-house before ^^ James Williamson arid William ^ Smith Esqrs cbarged with begging ; and ^ pbtainiaf money under felse pretences . He produced some papers , statine that he had been on board of a brig which , was wrecked at the mouth of the Tyneyip . attemptiriir to make that harbour , arid that he was in distress . -Dr ' illiamson asked

      W ; pne of the ^ officers ^ whether he ' c ^ uRapeak ^ nyEnglish , to whiehhewaa answered ; that he ^ had been heard speaking English ; but he had p ot spoken any thing but ^ reiich siflcelie was taken into . custody , Drv WilUamsbri' ( to tlie prisoner ) r W > sjr v Jpuhear this ! charge ; what : have you to * & ? , f nsqner : Eh ? Mon 8 ieu > j mWiUiamsori VYhat have you to say : ? ' Prisbner : Je lie coinprends pas ce-queyous elites , Monsieur ; Dr ; Wiiliamson :--AP Prisoner : Eh .: DnWillia ^ u : What ttaveypu . to say in answer to this charge ? Priaorier : Je vous dis que je ne puis » as- comDrendre ce-nhi ,

      vous _ diteg , ; Dr ; Wilnamsofl to Mr . ' Smith :- " I think we had better letlurii go ; we can-make very UttJe of him . 3 tf r . Smith ; :.. ;¦ I > thinls ; sp . Dr . Williaiuson to the prisoner :: ; Ypiiare now dischargeff Prisoner : Eh , M ^ onpeur ? Dr ; Williams . pn : Afiez ^ PriBbrier : Je n'irai ' pas s ' aai \ que yous me donned a manger . Dr . Williainson : ' Allezy allez , yous etes tres bien | vous ay ^ euyD Prisoner : Ah , ' MonBieUr ^ J' ai grand fairri . It w >» no ;^ e | : M ^ raieuri in ; a- great splutter of French , / po 8 i tiyeiy refused to go without spiriethirig to 6 at , and it was not until one . ' , of ' the officeis ; had gvven him a hearer push that he could be got out of the dock

      Untitled Article

      SERMoNs ^ Q n Sun day ;; last ,: two ¦] sermbns weri preachedin Saint James * Church , by the KeV . /? White ^ of qsweseky , apd one on . Wednesday even * * ng ^ ( by particular request ) onthe Doctrines of the * T " , P urcn - After which coUecfions Were ma £ on behalf of the Sunday School connected wltlS place , amounting to thirty-two pounds . / r AssAutTiNa an Old / MAN ^ JameV Lbnrier was brought before the Magistrates on Tuesday W charged with assaulting an bld'Hian in a nuWJo house , in ^ Kirkgate . Several witnesses provea the assault which was wantori and unprovoked . He wa « fined forty shiUings and costs ^ and in default tf payment , was committed to Wakefieldfor one month - ¦ " ' —~—^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ " *

      Attempt at Pocket PicKiNp .--On Tuesdav last , a . notorious character named James IUinKworth ( Who was discharged a few days ago from the poUce office , on suspicion of house-breaking ) was charged with , attempting to pick the pocket bf a sailor who was mythe Aire and Calder pubUc house . ' , He was caught by a policeman with an arm round the saUdr ' s neck , and a handin his pocket . The sailor promised to appear on the foUowing day , but neglecting to do so , lllmgworth was committed to Wakefield for two monthsas arbguearidyagabofld . ; ; " .- ' .- ¦ , Another Case oe Pocket / PickiNo . —Marv Sunderland , a stoutlboking girl , was brought before the Magistrates on Wednesday last , charged by an oloVjnan with robbing him of * sovereign and a half under the following circumstances : —Comnlain 0 nf

      was going down iptkgate about five o ' clock on the previoas evening , when a wpmari snatched off his hat , and . ran away with it « p an entry . Complainant followed her into a bouse , and he had no sooner got within the door , than the prisoner seized him by the neck , and , ttostiBg her hand into-hi » pocket , took the money-in question , Complainant swore to , the identity of the prisoaer , arid She Wad accbrdingly committed for trial .

      Dreadful AcciDEKT . ^ -As Mr . Bramna , millwright , School Close , was driving down Briggate the tit in harriesss began to kick inbst viciously , aril after an ineffectual attempt to extricate himselt from the ^ vehicle , atlengthset off at full gallop , ; miraculously driven , with astpriishing nerve and jud gment by the above gentleman . He sriccessfully cleared all obstacles , till , having arrived at the turn of Boar , lane—which was the road to the stable—the brute made a sudden- bolt , when , with tfeinendous force the whole concern came in contact with a heavv waggon upon the right , arid the corner house upon the left ;¦ in instant the vehicle

      an : was in pieces while , Mr . Bramma was dashed , with fearful force ' against the corner , of the wall . The shafts ran through a strong dpuble shutter , which was closed the shop being unterianted , and carried away / strong frame , together with a considerable portion of tie brickwork . The escape was miraculous , but , thank God , Mr . Bramina , who seems to be '' a ' man of great nerve , was unhurt , or , at least , not materiallv injured . We understand that the beast has twice thrown the son of Mr , Bramma , and has frequentlT played the proprietor the same trick ; » Surely Mrs Bramma will insist upon ner husband turning 4 ' e * wayward animal to work in a mill or at some

      such ' work . v ' --. . ' . - . -.: ' -.. ; : '¦ .- - : ' - -. -vv : '¦' . : . '¦ /\ - " V- -- - . / -- ;' - ' t ' Mr . Baines and the Ten . Hours' Bin ,. —On Wednesday evening , this worthy arid consistent representative of this great commercial toWri . presented several petitionsin favour of his former petineasure , ari Eleven Hours' Bill . 'Tis strangehow old prepossessions retain their hold upon the mind , even in . spite of opposing pririciples . arid circumstanees ; How came the noodles who got up these petitions to think ofsendingthemto Mr . Baines forpresentition ? Did they not know that that Hon . Gentleman was pledged to a Ten Hours' Bill ? Did they not knowthat he has petitioned for a Ten Hours' Bill ? And

      Kow could they suppose him capable of presentine and supporting their infamous petitions for : Eleven ' Hours ? Did they mean to insult the Hon . Meiaber , besides seeking the destruction 6 f thousands bf poor children ? / We know riot how Mr . Bain es ^ could with propriety do otherwise than present the petitiong which : had been confided to him , however he migh ' tdisapprove of their prayer , but we are' ex- ' ceedingl y happy to find , so far as we can learn from the London Papers , -that he administered a most proper and gentlemanly rebuke to the parties concerned in this : disreputable transactiori , by presentirigthepetitions in dignified silence .

      Pocket Picking . —A . working man , named Raistric , from Bramleyi charged two girls , named-Maria Carr , and Wakefield Bess , ( thW only nameby which she is known , ) and a young man named Billsbury , with picking his pocket of two halfcrowns and a shilling , on Monday night last . It appeared from the whole evidence of the : case , that Raistrie , who is a married m ; ai ^^ Wftf «| -ting the 0 girls in Cox ' s dram shop ^ and that : | le weiit With-biiei of them ( Carr ) to a / house ; of iUJ ^ mej where she contrived to pick his pocket . J , In a , / few minutes

      after , the dishonest fair one went to the shop of a Mrs . Naylor , in Kirkgate , to whom she paid two halfrcrowris as part- payment of a debVccmtraetedj some time before .. Raistricj- through fear of being ' detected in his " cr iminal iritercoursej ? ' varial his . statements a good deal , Which , of cprirse / invalidated bis evidence , and though : there was no dbubt of / the commission of the theft , -the case , in consequence of the varied statemerits of Raistric , was / dismissed . ' His wife was in court during the examination / and ' did npt spare her lord when she got him into the ' "¦ ¦¦"¦ ¦ ¦¦ '

      Street . :,, - . -: - . . .. .- ' : \ . ;¦ - • . - . . :- -V ¦¦" ... ; -- ; - V ; VaorAnt Officer . —Qn Monday , James Ingw ham , who for a nurhber of years held the office of deputy chief constable of Leeds , was elected by the Guardians of the Vagrant Office , in the place of Jonathan Beckwith , deceased . . / --He ' got eight votes out 6 f fifteen , and Mr . Thomas ; Wilson got seven . There were twenty-eigh ' t carididates . . / Belgrave : Chapel . —The services in connection with the ; second anniversary of ^ e dedicatioa of the above cbmmpdibus place of worship , which is under the pastoral care of theiRey . *' 'R ; .. W .-Hamilton , were ; celebrated on Sunday last , when two sermons were preached to crowded congreeatibns , by the Rev . ; R . S . M < AU j LL . D . \ of Manchester Liberal collections Were afterwardg . made towards the liquidation of the debt upon the chapel . / . -

      Sharpers . —On Saturday evening , an individiial named Robert Whittaker , from Batley , near Dewsbury , entered the , shop of Mr . Edward Beecroft , watchmaker , in Watec-larie , Leeds , for the purpose of purchasing a silver watch . One of the value of £ 3 . 10 s . was exhibited j for which he offered £ 2 . 10 s . This was not axcepted , and on coming out of the shop he met with two prigs Who had witnessed the transaction . They told the man that they were welt _ acquainted _ with the watchtriakeiy and could purchase an article for ; a comderably less amount than he could . The ; £ 2 . lOs . wasthen handed over to one ; of them " , and they en ^ ted the shop / but did npt purchase , andTiaving requested their ^ unsu 8 pect mg fri « snd to leave the' - . shep ^ they ^^ took the lead afld absconded with the money . , - i ;

      Lectobe on the Corn Laws . ;' —On "VirednesdaJi evenmg last , Mr . PJConnor delivered an able and . mteresting lecture on tne Corn Laws , to the Work--Mg . Men ' s Asspciation ^ of this ^ wn . ^ The room was ^ filled . with , anxious Jistenew , whb' testified theirl respect to Mr . O'Connor , by . ft loud cheer at hfe entrance , and . by several ipaanifestatipns of applaud , during ; the lecture . Mr . O'Goniior jntrbduced his lecture by stating the reason why he had hotj till then , met " with the Wprkirigmen . It was simply on the . ground ; that they ; had ; made i regulation to ma- / nage their affairs by themselves that he had not earlier presented hiinself : and he now Mine nhlv at :

      their request . ¦ He adverted . to the origin of the Corn-laws , and shoW ^ the ae ^ tt-desjgns which lei : tothen enactment . "He ieiW ^ them that it waff the dpuig . of Casflereaghi w ^ p only object ws >' : 't »; retain power , ho matter at wBat sacrifice to fie uj-¦ dtstnous cksses . - He then adverted tothe different , yiews ^ wbicn , had he&n ^^ enterta&edj regarding ^ th » . tmestiqri , by different political partie « , . and showed ; that they all ; considered- it , more or less , as a inert ; question : of tinaric ^ . ^ ID pori : the ^ ^ er hanai thert were the landholders , who were the only benefitler ^ ; by the Corn-laws ; and ;' on ? theother , the ^ manufaffe ivi

      - . — " 7 «»** w cr ^^ n . lUC'reyCal VI M 1 UMJ .- JW »«» ~ 7 order that thejr ^ may ^ 1 jeible to ; obtain / c&ap'labott # and thu * compete in fbreigii market * With forejgft ; manufacturers , Many o 5 f % e " dperatives had ' b ^ en ' , led aWay With the ; '' clap-frap ^ fcr y ; " of " chet ^ . bread , ?' : without looking to the cprresrionduw : rediic- ; = ^ - ' ^ ch y - b 7 / - »; . Tepe ^ . ^ i 6 e ; : C ^ l 8 W > i i W 0 T ^ take ^ placfe in thte yaltie of Aeir labour . Hlw « i « no ^ by- anrmeztas ^ -to be undersfcod as bpposirife tfem peal of theCbmilaws when he spoke thusj oh ti >? contrary ,- hebeared-their ^ irepealV ^ and he deored : ^ the more , because , yfhSei many loolted upon it mereKT aa ' aquesuon :- . of ceneral fmanceibi-of nartv-mteregfe

      he looked npon it as ; it would' afifepfae interests w > tne ^ whole : of the cpmiimnity , and particularly W ' sorting classes ; J ^ e ' -ttien entered Mo an ^ able & * . Pjstepn of the variptis relations flnfi dependeacie ? of ^ great qneation , rand bronght bot ' facB - » j ^^ W ^ M ^ anajbttportant ^ g ^^ esfcite ' , the ^ tomslonent i oY ^ his ^ audiibrB ; H 6 ; , craclMedalpngand anm ^ tedlecttib by in ^ hJs ¦ lAtenhon -to . estabUsh ^ a ; s 6 cietyV called ' " T & £ Nqriherh-t [ nioii , f >; the oBjects : aMdesign of whwhi hebriisfly explained ; andlwhi * ieemea-fo ^^ *^ AJghestf satisfactiori . Mr .- O'Conrito was ; ^ Qudflr ^ cheered at' the cbhcluaon , ofhSs lecture ^ and the . ; working men seemed h ^ hlydeKghtedWi ^' theneir ,, 3 u ^ rmatiQi ifce h ^ Mpaitedp :: 7 : c ; ^/ ' ¦ /

      Leups And/Wes^Ridi^A News

      LEUPS AND / WES ^ RIDI ^ a NEWS

      Untitled Article

      ¦ ¦ * . . ¦ ' - . ¦/ . .- ' ; ¦ ^ '' : -:-. iy- - ^ — i — ii — i ^ ^ am ^ mm ^ ^** ^ m ^^^^—^—; ¦ .. ^ - ^^ . ^—j « w——^^—^—__ . _ . ¦ ^^^^^^^ m ^— | ^ — ^ m ^ i ' i i . i ¦ wr ^^^^^ ^ ^ ^ 1 ^ 1 _ _ ' ^• Z ..., r . \ . ' , ' f' : . . - ¦ mm " ¦¦ il ¦ ' '' ' ¦ '' ¦ ¦ ¦¦ -

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), March 24, 1838, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct998/page/4/