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LANCASHIRE ASSIZES . jBE CHABTIST TBIALS , THUBSDA 3—Seoosb Bxr . jis Lordship took his seat ai nine o ' clock , immefaieLi on " which ^ Sj O'Connor rose aadBad-My Lord , as several -loesses have Arrived since yesterday , I beg to Jgjew my application that they nay be requested to 2 | re . 3 observe the Bight ; Hon . Secretary of State Stbe Home Department , Sir James Graham , on grbeoco , and I make an exception in Mb ease . ^ 33 » Jndge--HaTe- iha other defendants any Tnsh a ^ Sir James danam should retire from the QfBi ' ?" ¦ ~ Hr « O'Connor—I can answer for them , my Lord ; _ me » t all » .-^ 3 he Attorney-General—The penalty for remaining jjConrt after a witness has been ordered to retire , jyoaishment by the Court , and not exclusion from . s ting evidence . * 32 se Jndge—It is contempt of Court . - ^ ttoraey-General—Just bo , my Lord . . ^ following evidence was then proceeded with Joxp b Sadler—I am a police officer at Stoekpori . Tins * t * & ** P 1 * 06 on * he Uth of August last . I jeaember between 20 , 000 and 30 , 090 ^ ersons coming gjgre . They came in the direction of Ashton and Hy de . They were armed with bludgeons and sticks , -j ^ en I first saw them , they were making a great jgjs e , but nothing else at that time . 3 west to the Qpurt Honse , and gave information to the Magis-Ifjte . We had military in Stockport : partof them fffe stationed at the Conrt House , part in the ajjriet-place , and some of the yeomanry In their | 2 &rent quarters . . ^ The nnmber of the multitude -rated alarm , and in consequence , the shops trere The hands in the ¦¦ ¦
^ ei different mills were turned ont , and the works stopped . I went to the jjaJOT WOikhonse , with the authorities . On getting $ ere , Isaw a nnmber of persons coming from the jorkbonse , having loaves of bread with them . "We ) ad » number of prisoners ; some of them were taken is the workhouse , and others outside , "Three orfonr * ers » ns applied at the lodge of the workhouse , to { Jinan interview with the Magistrates . The name if one of them was John "Wright , and I understood ggr call another Leach- I saw him afterwards , fchig the interview with the Magistrates , hut I ftaYremember overseeing him before ; I believe ^ jBjme was John Leach , and 1 neard that he came ham Hyde . Tio not know that I could identify him
fOSU Mr . Bnndas objected to the question and answer Jieiritne 23 believed that the name of the party was John Leach , but that did not at all identify him sish respect to any other transactions . fhe Attorney-General contended that there was jEgoent to go before the Jury to prove the identity ef the defendant fie would call their atttention to ga&et tbaithe defendant was well known in the jeigBbonrhood of Ashton and Hyde , and in the coarse of his speech , lie admitted that he had been it Swekport and tbat , he Cthe Attorney-General fcdd to be sufficient . Mr . Dnnda 3 submitted that until they had exhausted the whole sf the John Leach ' s , of Hyde a ids Learned Friends on the opposite side had not fttfrzBeed one step to show that this was the John Loch in question .
de Judge—The objection is not made by John itteh , but bj others . Mr . O'Connor—^ But I beg to remind your Lordly , that the witness says he does not ihink he add identify the defendant again , and that ? I think , h a good objection to the proof of identity . The Judge—I think there is sufficient proof to jroeeed with the evidence . Examination resnmed—Leach said that he had tome at the request of a public meeting , on behalf of Jbe prisoners who were th en in cnstt dy , and requested the magistrates that the prisoners might be released Be / was informed by the Mayor that the prisoners jrere in custody on a charge of felony , and that they amid only be discharged by the proper conrse of law . One of the party said in the presence of Leach , Sot such was the excitement , if the prisoners were
jot released , they could not answer for the eonseijaeaces . The prisoners were not rescued . There ns a meeting at Siockpon , the same day , on an spot Brace , called Peterloo-road . I should think from lQ , 00 tt to 15 . 000 persons would bB present . I le&ve the speakers stood upon a wslL I was not jot enongh to hear them . The Riot Act was read i the Market-place , between one and two o ' clock . I dea ' t remember whether this was before or after fee attack on the workhouse . For several days the town was in a disturbed siate , "particularly for ten v eleven days after , the 10 th . During this period , jas mills were stopped , bnt the shops were open . Uy Mr . Dundas— -Stockport 13 Beven miles from Miscbester , and five from Hyde . I am not aware tbiihelliot Act-was read after the 11 th .
By 3 Ir . O'Connor—Before I put any question to Sfb wiiBes 3 , I wish him to be retained , because it bjj be necessary to examine him afterwards . 3 ne Judge—Certainly . Witness—J . hare been at the head of the police rf Swkport for sty en years . I remember the riots is 1839 . Had no x ifneulty in getting evidence at felt time . I know a man named Wm . Griffin . I bambini by coming into the Court House to report . lTm . ter = U » d that he was a reporter for the Northern £ utr . 1 aid sot hear any exeking language in the town , beyond what I hare stated . I hare not heard fee following language used : — I do not believe Eat tie people will break ont unless they are
abso-Jnieij deprived of food . If yon are not prepared ¦ life" aiemedy , tbey will be justified in taking food its lieffiselres and their families " I beliere 1 haTe Been it in some newspaper , handed about by the people , but cannot remember whether it was before « after the -attack on the workhouse . 1 don't tow-who the language was attributed to . I haTe Been the speech allnded to , as having "been made Dy fe Mayor of Stockport , both in the newspapers , Jadin placards on the walla of Stockport . It was ca the wall for several days . I did not pull down fia placard , or wish it to be done . I don ' t rememiff seeing a placard headed A warning voice , " fea the following lines npon it : —
Then is a cry-throughout the land , A fearful crj and foil of dread 1 "Woe to oppression ' s heartless band ! A itarving people cry for " Bread . " Hat cry was heard irben guilty Frxoux On the dread brini of rain stood ; Tet wmnd the viol , speed the dance 1 71 a but the hungry cry for food ! I dun-gt ye , England ' s rulers I grwd ThtjuAict thai her ions demand I Or , aroused , fhe . demon ' power ofvscud Shall snaicb the PIKE ojmJ -wield the BB . ASD
^ ne were many placards that I can ' t remember * . I aw one headed ** Murder , murder , murder 1 " { ten were a great number of violent and inflamma-« rj placards on the walls . The authorities did not ® fcr them to be taken down . I should think the tenfiaejof them -would be to eicite a hungry people to |* of violence . There have been considerable reduc-WD 3 in wages in Stoctport . I don't know by whom Saplacards were putnp . Some of them had the ^ Be of the printer afixed . and others had not . I lR * llect the jiames of Gadsby . Dntton and Lambert , *» printers . I heard no speeches at the meetings at Stekporl . i * 7 Sr Tiedeiick Pollock—1 was not near enough wheat any languageand therefore 1 can ' t say
, , * " »?« it was exciting or not . I know Bradshaw's J'omscs , at Stockport . The hands were tnrned *»• Mr . Bradshaw sent to the T qw ^ Hall , for as-^^ ee . I have seen aplacara similar to that now Jttcneed CTzie Executive Committee of theNatk-nal **** kst Atsorialion , to tbeJPeople of England" ) on « e walfe iu Stockport . I can ' t remember the words ^ Iffin certain 1 read one similar . It was during " ^ enod of the disturbances , b , c . - Itoadas—I can ' t speak with certainty as . rw time at which I saw it , or whether it was *« we the reading of the Riot Act . I only read it Cponly , but I cant retain the subject matter in fj memory . It was an address to the Chartists
™* 1 |? n'i know what about . * y Sr F . Pollock—I am certain from the leading fjM ^ d the general appearance , that I kaT 8 T ^ >^ aa&r placard . g ^ snas Barrington , examined by fee Attorney *^ ieral—I ^ governor of Stockport work-I ?* * - On Thursday , the lith of Augnst , my atten-*™ was called to a _ crowd round the workhouse . I r ™ t to the lodge to see what was going on . I saw « TQM-taonsaad persons . They had sticks and f *« eons , I then went into a yard , and I had not 'P tflerenjore than two or three minutes before an rr ^^ gnen that ^^ people had broken into the J » fl » _ Soae thousands entered the honse , and took *^* -8 Bon of the placeThey toolral ] the food there
. . "Mm lie hoEse—^ upwardsof 700 71 b . loav es . They •^ nK ^ ae ^ also , shattered several doors , and broke ^ aeber of windows , till at length the military **« 8 and i ^ re &em away , vf Jilr . D . Tndas ^ -Kow , pray Mr . Bumble—( much Z ^ ter )—1 Seg pardon—Mr . Barringion , I didn ' t ^^ it—WitE eM—1 can't say whether the people | r ?* Bai we ha ^ so much bread in the honse . Jt ^?^ "to be paT ^ ajj and -probably some money ^<» belaid outAtr the paupers , ^^ r . D'Connoi—There was a great rush on the gBD&n . aad sueh a « wonld i » likely t 0 45 ause dagj * ' The number of Ipanpersia the workbonse ^" niereased at thaiHme . The mob did not
in-| i- « e personally , bnt I was in great douotsDoni JL > have not heard of great reductions in the 2 P of the- working classes it Stockport . I can ' t SLsfetherjBasters of workiHooses are unpopular in S ^ R times . The Mayor , if Stockport was not " ^ People when they came , j ^ iim 3 ioore , examined by the Att oraey-Genej ^ ij Wa a dresser of cotton Jyam , at Jiarple , « ^ ea from Stockport . In the month of Au-^ tte ^ L was ? ¦*«* * *** ' Shepley * smffl . I J ^ T ^ annmber of persons coming io ths mill on iB ^^ y , the 10 th of AugustT l went Jo my 2 ii vL * we ^^ e on to fte canal Driage People said they wanted &e » en 0
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be tnrned out . Mr . Shepley did turn them out . The next day I saw a body of persons coming on the "Waterloo-road , in Stockport . They came a dozen abreast , and had sticks in their hands A meeting was held , and I believe the name of one of the speakers was Christopher Doyle , another Leach , and another Moorhouse . . A resolution was put to the people , whether they should resnme work , or cease until the Charter became the law of the land . The latter was carried . I saw the person who was called Leach there . Somebody said that two or three persons mast go to the workhouse , and see if they oould get the prisoners released . I afterwards saw a number of persons coming from the
direction of the workhouse . The man called Leach , and Boyle , were linked together . Leach addressed the meeting , saying that he had seen the Mayor and Magistrates ; that they took -him to a drawer , from which some money had been taken . He said they were very candid with him . He asked them if they would release the prisoners . The Mayor replied , it would be contrary to law , but if the people would go awayhe might probably release them in half an hour . He added that the cavalry had been ordered out , and they trembled like aspen leaves . I remember the 15 th of August . There was a meeting at ~ Marple . Leach was there . I was too far off to hear what passed . The meeting occupied half an hour .
Jamea Crompton , examined by Mr . Wortlej—I am a police-constable at Marple . I rememher a meeting at Hawk Green . Joseph Taylor was in the chair . I took notes of what he said while the meeting vrsa going on . He said , friends and fellow workmen , —we are met here this morning , not to discuss a question of wages , but to see whether yon are content to lire Blaves , or whether you are willing to use every exertion in your power to make the Chaner becom . 3 the law of the land , that you may obtain an eqnal representation , and place yourself on an equal footing with your tyrannical masters . If you were to go to work tomorrow , yon would ba a hundred times worse than yiu was before you left work , but if you will resolve
to work no more until the Charter become the law of the land , yon will make them glad to give you anything you want . " This was received with cheera . He then introduced Mr . Christopher Doyle , of Manchester . Hb said , ** iriends and fellow workmen , — we are not met here for any party object , but for a national object , —an object ' on which depends your slavery or freedom . " After a great deal of abuse of the Government , he said , "Perhaps they wonld want to knvw how they must get the Charter 1 It would be by working no more till the Charter became the law of the land , and yon that have money in banks or other places , must fetch it out , and stop the supplies of Government , and then they will be glad to grant you anything
you may want . " He also said ** perhaps you will want to know how you are to get meat . " He went on— "Lord Kinnard said in the Honse of Lords , the other day , that if he was in want of food he would take it where he could find it . Now , surely , your tyrannical masters can hare no objection to telling yon to do what Lord Kinnaird said he would do . 1 tell you if you aie in want of food , and your masters will not relieve you , take it where you can find it . " He then proposed a resolution that the people should not work until the Charter became the law of the land . The meeting were unanimous in favour itfit . Doyle then said . " 1 see you are all ChartistS i and there is a meeting of Chartist delegates at Manchester on the loth . Yon must elect a person to go
there . " He then proposed Taylor , the chairman A show of hands was taken , and the election fell npon Taylor . The latter said he felt proud that they h » d elected him as their representative . He said they must stick firm one to another , and work no more till the Charter became the law of the land , and he woald go to Manchester and represent them there . The meeting wa&adjourned to PossetV-bridge , for the purpose of giving their delegate his instructions . "When the mob moved on , 1 saw that a great many of them were armed with bludgeons . They were headed by Taylor and Doyle . At the junction of the Peak Forest Canal , there were a numbtr of boats passing . The mob took aw » y the hones , tied
the boats to the sides , and told the boatmen that if they wentfnrther , they wonld sink the boats . There would be seven or eight . 1 didn ' t see Doyle do any thing at the boats ; he was probably fifty yards in advance . Toe mob went to the lock , and 1 went too . They threatened to throw me in if I interrupted them . They then pulled out a bolt on which the door of the lock hung , and threw it across the canal .. They were probably twenty minutes in accomplishing this . The effect of this was to stop the navigation . It remained so for two days . While one portion of the mob were breaking down the lock , the other went towards Possett-bridge . There was a good deal of shouting , when they had got the door off .
By Mr . Durham—I was not ordered to go to the meeting by the Magistrates . I went of my own accord . 1 thought it was my duty as a constable , seeing the damage that had been done , to go and see what they intended to do further . I did not take all down that was said . TheTe were bo many figures quoted -as to pensions and salaries , and the speaker got so warm , tbat I could not take it down . I did not think it necessary to do so . My object in going to the meeting was to hear whether they passed any resolution to destroy property . I knew it was a Chartist meeting , and I admit that I took down what would make agaittst the Chartists . There were two other constables present , bDt I believe they did not take any notes . They are not here as witnesses . I did not know that Doyle was a turn-out , but I knew that Taylor the chairman was .
By Sergeant Murphy—I should be known to the people at the meeting as being a constable . Some of them would see me taking the notes . I did it openly . No molestation whatever was offered to me . By Mr . M'Onbray—I know thenatureof an oath . "When 1 ' took the notes , I knew that I should be called to give evidence in a court of justice . I am conscious that 1 have not told all that passed at that meeting , out 1 have stated truly what 1 did take down . I could not rehearse all that I left out of my note ? .
-By Mr . O'Connor—I stood four or five yards from the cart . 1 wrote down every thing that occurred at the time , with the exception of the chairman , which 1 wrote immediately afterwards . 1 have never been a short hand writer or reporter . 1 did not know that the meeting was composed of Chartists . 1 thought they were turn-outs . 1 am aware that a large reduction of wages was proposed at Stockport , but I don ' t know the amount . 1 did not hear any expressions of violence at the meeting , beyond a recommendation to the people to take food , and 1 thought that was lather strong . 1 do not know that lhe Mayor of Stockport recommended the people to take food . 1 never heard him say so . 1 don ' t live at Stockport . 1 have heard the working
classes complain that their wages were rednced below existence point . They complained also of the masters turning them out of work . The note-book was here handed to bis Lordship , at the request of Mr . O'Connor , for the purpose of hearing his opinion , whether an unpractised and nnprolessjonal person could takfl down a consecutive report of a Bpeech in long hand 1 The Learned Jndge having looked at the book , said that the qnestion was rather one for the Jury ; and it was understood that they should have an opportunity of inspecting it before delivering their rerdict . Witness re-examined by Mr . wortley—I had a very favourable opportunity of taking notes . I was not jostled at all by the crowd . the Learned
His Lordship here interrupted Coun-Bel for the purpose of saying , that when be came to ? um up the case to the Jury , he should adopt th « same course as that pursued by Lord Chief Justice Tindal . at Stafford , namely , to explain the general character of the indictment , and afterwards to point oHt the comparative guilt of each defendant . He did not see how he could do justice to the defendants unless he adopted this conrse . Mr . Wortley—The Jury may find them guilty on different countB . There are Beveral in the indictment . The Jpdge—This is an indictment for a misdemeanour , and you must find them guilty of an offence arising out of the same transaction . Mr . Sergeant Murphy—It is quite clear that the course your Lordship has pointed out is the proper one , for I and some of my Learned Friends appear for defendants who are charged with different offences .
Abraham Longson , examined by Sir G . Lewin—I am a polioe officer at Stockport . On the 15 th of August I was at a meeting on the Waterloo-road ; John Wright was in the chair . Immediately after the meeting broke up , I made notes of what *** i * 88 ** 1- I did not write ? he notes myself , but I dictated them to an ^ assistant . I read them over afterwards , and fnnnd them correct . A man named John Newton , ioU Sd ^ Tspoke , after Wrightiad taken th * S . He propWd that whoever introduced ^ subject not connected with that of wages , should be S down jhetold them they must get their wages , and if they could not , they must ask their masters why they covld sot * ive it them ; and if they told Sim it was through the » top shop , ' they must ask SIS Walters to grwUh them as commanders aad sergeants , and find them with bread 1 and cheese on S-oad , and to go to the Duke of Wellington , and
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if that wouldn't do , to go to Buckingham Palace , and the House of Commons or Lords , or whatever they had a mind to call them , and to demand from them to take all restrictions off . " The Chairman then got up , and said lie would not go to London , and that they must take the responsibility upon themselves . James Ellison , not a defendant , moved an amendment that the question be left open , and let the meeting decide whether or not they would ask for their wages . lam not certain whether this was all he said . Richard Pilling , one of the defendants , next spoke . He said , — " Fellow-townsmen , for I may so call you , having lived among you so long , and having been at so many meetings , and having been in prison , I do not know whether it would be Bafe
for me to own it or not ; but I may avow tbat J have the honour to be the father of the movement , and the sole cause of your being here , ladies and gentlemen , at the present time ; for the masters of Ashton had thought proper to offer a reduction of twentyfive per cent , upon their wages . I then called upon the bellman to go round , and . call a meeting . We there came to a resolution , swearing by the God of Heaven , that if a rednction took place , we would annihilate the system , and oause the day of reckoning . I then addressed the meeting of 12 , 000 , afterwards another at Stalybridge , of 10 . U 00 , aDd at Dokinfield , of 5 , 000 . At every meeting , they came to a resolution to work no more till they bad got the same wages as they had in February , 1840 " He then
said he had addressed a meeting at Royton , who came to the same resolution . He then called a meeting at Oldham , but they were taken by surprise , and he had to come back with five other speakers . In consequence of that'the people of Oldham were not out , but he was determined next morning to go and drub them out . He went accordingly , and met them at eight o ' olock , where one of them attacked him , and he gave him a floorer . All their masters were then willing to give them their prices , but one of the Anti-Corn Law League , of the name of Bailey , of Stalybridge . In the course of the last three weeks , he had addressed 300 , 000 'in different parts of Lancashire and Cheshire . They then went to Droylesden , and the people there
swore by the God of Heaven that they would not work any more until they got the prices of 1840 . They then came to Stockport , and caused all the mills to stop . They ( the meeting ) had not turned out ; it was the Asbton lads who had turned them out , and if they went in againthey would come over and give them a d—d good hiding . They then went to the bastile , but he ( Pilling ) , did not think that right , but that winter tney might all become thieves , aad then the soldiers and police would have to ; look after them , and that would eat up the system , as there were more ways of doinS that than one . If the Ashten ladB had not been there , they would not have known that there had been each a place . He went on to say that he had been in all
parts of South Lancashire , and tint the two Tory members for Blackburn were engaged in working patent loomB , at i £ d . less per cut than other masters were giving in the neighbourhood , and stopped 9 d . per week for every loom . On going to Todmorden , the worthy member for Oldham was actually giving more wages for some kinds of work than was actually turned out for , and when the soldiers went to him to protect his factory , he told them he could do without them , as the arm 3 of the people were hia protection , and when that ceased , he hoped be should cease to live . He ( Pilling ) then said there is that d—d rascal , Marshall , and that d—d bloodhound of a thief , Jem Bradsh&w , both particular friends of his ; he loved them well and they knew it . The meeting mu 3 t be sure to stick out , and not to go to work , because if they did , they might depend upon it the masters would crush them down , and
then the Ashion lads would come over again and give them a d—d good hiding . And would they not deserve it ! The meeting called out , "Yes , my lad . " They might call that intimidation , but he knew the law of conspiracy , and nothing over good was got without some one suffering for it . He said they might put him within the prison walls , for he didn ' t care a d—n . He concluded by exhorting them to remain out of work . There was another meeting at Peterloo on the 16 tb , to appoint delegates , at wbieh John Wright was ejected . On the 17 th a further meeting took place . Wright addressed them , and said , " I have come "—Here the witness , after bungling for some time , iu attempting to make either sense or any thing else of the manuscript , was ordered by the Judge to hand it over to one of the officers of the Court , by whom it , was read .
During the time that the officer was reading the document , Mr . Dundas rose , and said that this mode of reading a speech was merely refreshing the memory of the witness . He complained that the witn « ss had been staring about the Court instead of attending to what was going on . Sir G . Lewia said that if his Learned Friend wished , Longson shonld read the manuscript himself . Mr . Pandas replied tbat he should be sorry to take up the time of the Court in such a manner , and the officer proceeded with the reading . The contents of the speech were quite immaterial
Examination resumed—1 remember attending a meeting , one at Carpenters' Hall , on the 15 ih of September , and another at Bomber ' s-brow , on the 16 th . John Allison , a defendant , was there . He recommended the men to go to their work , and Carr did the same ; but Carter , not a defendant , said they mnst have the Charter before they went to work , and that it did Bot matter if a few lives were lost in the struggle . Two placards were read at tbe meeting , one headed " Run for gold , " and another similar to the address of tbe Executh e Committee The former was read , but with respect to the latter , the Attorney-General said he shonld prefer offering the evidence to which he alluded in his opening address .
Cross-examined by Mr . Dundas—Neither of the parties who wrote to my dictation are here . We were about three quarters of an hour in writing tbe speech of Pilling . I have attended several meetings , and dictated speeches to our own officers . The man who wrote Pilling ' s speech for me is Robert Swan . He is a Sheriff ' s officer . He never wrote any for me before the late turn-out . I can carry a decentish long speech in myj memory , but a good deal depends upon the subject . I think I could remember a speech of half an hour ' s length . The meeting of the lGih terminated peaceably . By Mr . O'Connor—I believe I could repeat Pilling s speech , as 1 have it down now . I am not much of a politician , bnt I read the newspapers . I occasionally read the Manchester Guardian . 1 never saw a report of PUling's speech in the paper . When Swann and I were writing out the speech , he
occasionally refreshed my memory . I don't know the reason wh y he is not here . These are our notes conjointly . When Filling heard that the people had gone to the Stockport workhouse , he expressed his disapprobation . 1 can ' t remember whether Newton , a master mason , who was at the meeting , said that unless the Corn Laws were repealed , they would turn London upside down . When he recommended them ro go to London , to the "top shop , " the meeting hissed , and a person called out , " Master , you are a tool of the Anti-Corn Law League . " 1 believe it is true that the meeting charged Newton with having been sent there by the manufacturers , to create a disturbance . 1 have not placed this in my journal . 1 was sent to the meeting to give a faithful report , and 1 did so as near as 1 can . 1 didn ' t think about what wa 3 said to Newton at the time . 1 have never read the following resolution : —
" That this meeting being convinced that the Government has no intention « f affording effectual relief for the acknowledged distresses of the people , hereby avow the solemn determination never again to pas 3 . or io retain for tvecntyfour hours without exchanging for gold , any Bank of England notes , until , by the total and immediate repeal of the Corn Laws , Parliament shews its willingness to commence a real redress of oui grievances . " I remember seeing a placard on the walls at Stockport , headed " Murder , murder , murder , " but I can't
mention the name of the printer . : I can't say whether Gadiby ' a name was affixed to it or any other . I can't remember whether Allison recommended tbe people to resort to legal and constitutional means to obtain the Charter , but I think be used'the word peaceable . I am certain that Pilling used tbe word "drub" and not drum , when he talked of going to Oldham . I can't say whether Pilling , when he was speaking as to the consequences of persisting for the Charter , said " he did not care for fool or dick , " or he Baid he did not care for " Hool" or Dick , "
alluding to Mr . Holland Hoole , a magistrate , and to Mr . Cobden . I am aware that many angry public discussions have taken place between tbe Chartists and the anti-Com Law party , at Stockport , and tbat a very bad feeling exists between them . I dont know that the Chartists have upset Corn Law meetings , at Stockport , bnt the ; did once upset a meeting of the Bible Society . I cant recollect that Pilling ever told me that in consequence of being turned out ef work , be was in such distress , that he conld not bury bis child . I don't remember ever seeing a placard on the walls of Stockport , to the effect that the Mayor of Stockport had recommended the people to take food , if they were starving , and could sot obtain any .
Mr . Sergeant Murphy stated to bis Lordship that Pilling bad wished to know whether he < the Jndge ) would allow a question to be asked of tbe witness , Longson , whether , when speaking at tbe meeting
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alluded to , ha na $ not confined his observations to a recommendation of the wage question . His Lordship informed Pilling that he might ask the question himself . He ] accordingly ^ did so , and said , amidst great laughter , that himself and Longaon were old chums « n the factory and wage question . At this siage of the proceedings , the Jury retired for a few minutes . On their return , Sir Frederick PoUoofc , addressing hla Lordship , said , —I wish to call your Lordship ' s attention tottjMattendanoe here of " . Sir James Graham , as a witSls . It has been intimated toijne by Mr . O'Connor , that he intends to pall a witness of the name of Wiloox , and in that case there will be no necessity for the attendance of the Right Hon . Secretary .
Mr . O'Connor—Certainly not . The Judge—Is there any other defendant who does not appear by Counsel * , who wishes to examine Sir James Graham ? If no answer Is returned , I shall conclude that no person wishes to do so . Mr . O'Connor—I trust that it will be . found that we have summoned Sir James Graham for no idle purpose , but having secured the witness who will answer our purpose , we have no wish to detain the Right Hon Secretary . Sir Junes Graham remained some time in the Conrt , making minutes of the examination of some of the witness , and retired in the course of the afternoon .
John Robluwra SootV examined by Mr . Hildyard—1 am a policeman , On the 13 th of August , 1 attended a meeting at Royton , The defendant , Augustus Frederick Taylor was there , A Chairman was appointed , and a person named Thomas Ratoliffe asked whether the / O ^ eting was got up for the purpose of discussing wages or politics . It was received with general hooting and hissing . A person named Hoyle spoke , and said be was glad to Bee me there in my proper clothing , for If I had come as a spy , they would atrip me and send me about my business . This was said in tbe presence of Taylor , the defendant . ' Tbe latter then got up , and after speaking in a savage manner respecting the Government , be turned to me aad said that if I was a principal ia this undertaking , I should never rest
till I was at tbe top ef the tree , for they were determined to upset tbe villa-nous system , | and be added that be would scale that d—d infernal place ( meaning the gaol ) in less than a month . On the 16 th of August another meeting was held at the same place , when Taylor was again present He said that he could give the meeting no satisfaction , but said be hoped that something would have been done that day . After the fund accounts were read , a motion was proposed that Taylor shonld be sent as a delegate to Manchester . A collecwas ' ^ nade , amounting to five shillings , which was handed over to Booth , the secretary . The meeting was again adjourned to the following day . Taylor was again present . Something was said about money-dubs and banks , and Booth advised tbe people to draw the
money out of them . This was said in the presence of Taylor . Booth said he did not know how things were standing , but they ought to go for the Charter . Hoyle then addressed tbe meeting , and said that at a meeting of tbe delegates , at Manchester , there was a majority of 200 to 50 for the Charter . He then explained the different points ia it , and said what benefit it would confer if they could send their friend Frederick Taylor to Parliament . He said the Magistrates had made the soldiers drunk , and sent them after the mob to fire upon them and butcher them up . Taylor then addressed the meeting . He slid , " Ladies and Gentlemen , we have arrived at one of tbe most important subjects that ever was undertaken . He said that a resolution bad been passed at Manchester , on
tbe previous Monday , in favour of tbe Charter , and that no doubt something serious would happen before long . He stated that the Magistrates of Manchester , and Mr . Btawkk , entered the Carpenters ' Hall , and told the persons assembled that the meeting was illegal , in consequence of the out-door pressure . Tbe Chairman refused to break up the meeting , and the Magistrates and police returned again , and would only allow them ten minutes to disperse . First one of them nibbled , and then another , but none of them would take hold . But I tell you tbat I took bold of tbe grand question , which was the Charter , and it was received with Iond applause . We had then only five minutes to disperse , and we had , a considerable portion of the work to be done to-day , and I consider that you have
not a moment to lose , so that you who wish to nave a hand in this undertaking must do something this morning , for tbe men muBt use the eword , and the women will know where to direct them . Taylor then said , as soon as the delegate from Birmingham came and brought the decision , be immediately ran to the trades to communicate the news , and no doubt they would come forward in thousands to join their ranks , and before this day week there will not be one trade at werk . But I fearlessly toll yon that I was tbe man who grappled the Charter yesterday at Manchester , and I Bbould like to witness a bloody revolution or ' revolutions , and the time was not far off . " On tbe following msrning , the 18 tb , there was another mtating . Taylor was present . He said he was
very sorry to inform tbe meeting that Turner , who printed tbe placard which I brought home with me last night , hat been taken . ( This was the address of the "Executive Committee , " and bore the imprint of Chas . Turner . ) He added that Turner ' s printing press and all his furniture bad been taken , and whatever might be the event of tbls undertaking , be could not tell , but if the meeting thought they had the slightest chance , they would go forward But he said it appeared to him that some of tbe people were getting tired , and wished to return to their labour . If they did , however , they wonid leave him in a most dangerous position , but he could only be put in prison , and should be one among the rest At the conclusion , Taylor was again elected as a delegate .
By Mr . O'Connor—I understood that when Taylor was speaking of tbe people being tired , and wishing to return to tkeir labour , be was speaking of the people of Royton . Sylvester Faraday , examined by Mr . F . Pollock—I am a policeman . I was at a meeting at Bacup between nine and ten o ' clock on the morning of the 16 th of August . There were about 2 , 000 persons present They were armed with stickd and bludgeons . They entered Bacup from tbe Rochdale road . I followed them , and saw what they did . They proceeded to the mills and stopped them . Tbey called upon the hands of the mills ia a menacing way , to come oat All the mills in
Bacup were stopped on that day . They afterwords divided into small parties of from three to twenty . They entered all houses that they found open , and demanded provisions from the inmates . There was a grocer of the name of Carter , and the people crowded round the shop , and provisions were thrown out to them . Their conduct was violent , but they offered no threats . I did not bear any tnreat at Carter ' s , but in other instances . I heard the people themselves threaten to break open the d « ors of the houses , if provisions were net given to them . The state of the town was one of great violence and uproar , I first saw the address of tbe " Executive Committee , " posted in Bacup , on Saturday , the 20 th ofa | . ugust
By Mr . M'Oubrny—I only read one or two lines of the placard , but I satisfied myself that it is the same . By Mr . O'Connor—I did not see any person tbat I fcne w individually , who were shewing the people how to pull out the plugs ; The millowneu are not all dead , but I don't know tbat any of thorn ore here to speak to the mills being stopped . By William B&esley , a defendant—I saw the placard in two different parts of the town . I do not remember any provisions being found upon the prisoners at Bscnp , or at the police office there . William Bentley examined by Mr . F . Pollock—I am a policeman from Rochdale . I saw the address of tbe Executive Committee posted , on tbe 17 th of August , and the hands turned out on tbe 11 th . The Queen ' s proclamation appeared on the 15 th . About the 20 to the bands returned to work .
James Buckley examined by the Attorney-General—I live at Stalybridge . On Sunday , the 7 th of August , I was at a meeting at Mottram Moor ; from 3 , 000 to 6 , 000 persons were present . William Moorhouse , not a defendant , was in the chair . When I got there , I found tbe people singing a hymn . A resolution was proposed that the people of England should give over working until they got a fair day ' B wage for a day'B work , and tbe Charter became tbe law of the land . A man represented to be John Leach , of Hyde , spoke . John Crossley and Wm . Stepbenson were there . All three supported tbe resolution . On the morning of Monday , tbe 8 th of August , I saw a great number of persons , some armed with sticks , in the streets at Stalybridge . More were without than bad them . I followed them down to Messrs . Harrison's milL They shouted and wanted to get the bands out Mr . Harrisoon stopped bis milL " The mob then went to Messrs . Lee ' s mill , and demanded admittance , but they could
not get in . They broke a plank off the bottom of the gate , and effected an entrance , but when they got in , the hands had been turned out at another door . They afterwards went to Duckenfleld , and stopped all the mills on the road , between that place and Aahton . The mob brandished their sticks , and created great alarm . They then went to Hurst and Btopped mills there . Above twenty , were stopped . In the afternoon , I saw John Crossley , In the Market-place , at Ashton . I also saw William Aitkin , another of tbe d efendants . He " blacked" the mobmoat terribly for the way they had gone on . Pilling was there too , and he proposed that the people of Ashton should go to Oldbam , and the people of Stalybridge to Hyde , in order to stop the mills . This was agreed to . There are many batters in tbe neighbourhood , and the mob stopped them from -working , as they came to the hat shops . They said they must give over working until a fair day ' s wage for z fair day ' s work was obtained , and the Char-
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ter become the law . I saw John Crossley . He saw some lads attempting to break a gate , and he ran to prevent , them doing any damage . There did not appear to be any leaders at tbat time . From Denton the mob went to Hyde , and they ] called upon the hatters to fall in , and march with them . Some of them did so , and others refused . They afterwards divided themselves into lots , and went to different mills . At Hyde they went to Mr . James Ashtou ' s factory , and turnsd the bands out . Before the party broke op they went to Glossop , but I did not go with them . On the morning of the 11 th there was a meeting at Haigh , ef a similar character , which was addressed by Fen ton , Crossley and Mahon . Crossley said he would not tell them where to go to , as they had behaved themselves
so badly the day before . He told them they were to follow him . About seven o ' clock the next morning , the 12 th , another meeting was held at Stalybridge ; Crossley and Fenton were there , and advocated the wage question , but Woolfinden advised them to stick to the Charter . He spoke very ill ] of shopkeepers , eotton masters , and the Government . ' I did net go any where with them that day . jbut the next morning there was another meeting . Mahon was there , and Crossley , Durham , and Fenton . It was stated that there was to ba meeting that morning at Hyde , and that men were to be sent from Stalybridge to address the people on the wage question . I was at a meeting at Hyde after this . Wm . Stephenson and Crossley were there . They wanted the people of Hyde to give up the agitation of
the Charter . The peeple blackguarded them terribly for coming with such a tale as that . Booth , the defendant , was one of the parties who did ; so . I went back to Stalybridge after the meeting was over . I found the people coming in from Glossop to have a meeting at Stalybridge to discuss whether it should be a wage question or a Chartist question ; it was to be what was called a great meeting . It was determined that the Stalybridge people should not have anything to do with the voting , because they would not have anything to do with the Charter . It was afterwards agreed tbat the meeting should stand out for the Charter , and it broke up . John Wild was the chairman of
the general meeting , at Stalybridge . Several persons were called , and at lost Wild was fixed upon . He said he did not like to have anything to do with the business , but as they bad called upon ; bim , be would do his duty as far as he was able , by giving every speaker a fair and candid hearing . iLeach supported tbe Charter . Newton , Mahon , and / Booth also took part for the Charter . Several persons spoke for the wage question , and among the number Durham and Fenton . All present , with the exception of two , voted for the Charter . I should think that from 8 . 000 to 10 , 000 persons were present This was the last meeting I attended .
By Mr . Dundas—I did not hold up my band for the resolution . I am a married man and have a family . In tbe month of August my wife and children were in the Workhouse , at Saddleworth . This was in consequence of my being out of work . They are not there now , becanse I have got work . I am working at Mr . Kirk ' s factory , ' and have been in work for six jweeks . My wife and family left the Workhouse three or four monthB ago . I can't ssy whether I was in work or not when they returned . I was a special constable at the time , at Stalybridge . The reosonjwhy I did not give that answer before was , that I thought you would not think being a special constable working . I wis a special constable for six weeks , and had 3 s . a d&y . I never was discharged from being a special constable , because 1
had no regular engagement . I was ordered to give over because there was no demand' for me . I was afterwards a watcher under the police of Stalybridge , at 16 s . a-week . This was in consequence of their being a watchman short for about three months . When 1 applied whether I was to have the situation permanent , tbe Commissioners at Stalybridge said that if they appointed me , they were afraid that Jthe rate payers would not pay their rates , because I had sworn agaii si the Chartists . I will swear that I was not discharged by tbe Commissioners , for any other reason . 1 was told by some body to go to the meetings , j / got paid for going ! ( Hisses from the body of the Court ) I shall not tell you who sent me . I was told before I went tbat it wonld be worth my while . I got Sve shillings .
Tbat is not all I got I have received ; £ 5 at different times , and I expect to receive more . ( Renewed hisses . ) By Mr . Atherton . —The first information I gave was about a fortnight after the meeting of the 7 th . Before I gnve tbatjinformation 1 hud not seen { the Queen's Proclamation offering a reward of £ 50 . j Tbe first time I saw it was in September . I auv not ! certain whether I had seen it before . I vu examined by the A&bton Magistrates . I admitted having told a woman named Susan Greenwood , mother of my first wife , that I had seen a lad break a gate at Messrs . ' Lee ' s mill , and tbat I might as well have £ 50 as any [ body else . Sbc asked whether I would go and swear against my neighbours ? I don't remember what answer I made to the old woman . I acknowledge having been questioned as to what I knew about the Chartists , and I said tbat if it had not been for the speakers there jwould have been a great deal more disturbance . I was net a turnout on
the 7 th of August I bad nothing to tarn out upon . I was three weeks and bad ! nothing to do . I scarcely know how I lived . J I hod bread , but very little meat I got the fl"ur from a shop , at Stalybridge . I did not pay for it . I have been living on credit When I went up and down to these meetings , I did not take any part in tbe proceedings . I neither hissed nor shouted . I have taken notes , but I nave burnt all the papers ; I bad . When I was examined before the magistrates , in September , I could not be sure whether Fenton was at the meeting on tbe 12 th of August I examined the papers afterwards , and found tbat it was corrrect ] The paper was burnt before I gave eivdence at Chester . I knew it might be wanted for these assizes , but I thought I could carry it all in my head . I was jexamined before the Grand Jury respecting these transactions , and I burned tbe papers afterwards .
Cross-examined by Mr . O'Connor—When was the first instalment paid to you ? [ It happen might be about the 16 th or 17 th of August . Might it be a fortnight before ? It might ^ , : You say you goroetween £ i and £ 5 altogether ? Yes . j Are you certain you did not get more ?—I am . On the 17 th of August , when you followed the meeting , before the mills were stopped , j you say that tbe people were riotous and created great alarm in the neigh
bourhood that they passed through ? Yes . Did tney alarm you ? Yes . ; How does it happen , than , that if you were so much alarmed , you followed the people f ] I did not follow them . / Then yon went before them ?—( Laughter . ) I attended their meetings j Did you not follow them when Crossley prevented the the boys from doing damage to a hatter ' s premises ? Yes . !
Upon your oath , sir , did not Crossley say to you , on the Monday about which you have been speaking , that he would go with you to the meeting , if you would promise to abstain from violence ? j He nevtr said anything of that sort to me . Did you tell all to the Magistrates that you have told here to day ? - No . Did you swear that Leach had been at the meeting on the 13 tb of August , at all ? I have nothing to do with Leach at ' all . Oh ! but you have . After your examination before the Magistrates , were you bound over to give evidence ? Yes . Did yon give evidence at Chester ?
I did . Were the men against whom you swore convicted or acquitted ? 1 One was convicted , and two were acquitted . Did you get anything for that job ?" Not much . " How much ? Fifty shillings . And bow much do you expect to get for this job ? I don't know . Has no one told you ? No . Were you not told that you would get the £ 50 , if you conviotd the whole of the parties ? No . i Did you flay it yourself ? I never said tbat I might as well have the £ 50 for
those persons . It was for the jso at Chester that I said I might as well hove the £ 50 . i Did you ever show your papers to any one before you destroyed them ? . No . \ i Upon your oatn , dia any one tell you to destroy them < No . I What did you get for going to Liverpool ? Fifty shillings . " Have you told Che whole truth ? Yea ; to the best of my belief . Do yon remember what you aworej when you were before the magistrates , in September loBt ? What about ? j That is what I want to know . Was what you swore before the magistrates , read over to you , or given to you , to be real by yourself ? i It has been read over a time or two . By whom ? 1 I dont know : I don't see him here . v
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When was it last read to yen ? ( The witness hesitated for a long time , and appeared quite unwilling to answer the question . ) Mr . Ofconnor—Upon your oath , I must have aa answer to the question . The witness still hesitated . The Judge—Why don't you answer the question . Witness—Tha depositions have beep read over to me to-day—( a strong sensation . ) Mr . O'Connor—Go down . Sir . Tbe defendant , Wild , here asked if he could be allowed to put a few questions to Buckley . . The Jndge—Certainly .
Defendant—As I am not defended , my Lord , and have no means to obtain counsel , I wiab ! to know when my trial will come on , so tbat I may be prepared to defend myself to the beat of my ability . The Judge—Yourtrialisgoing » n now —( laughter . Defendant—At the meeting at which you aaid you saw me , did I not object to the Charter being carried out ? Witn $ 38—Yes . Defendant—When I refused to meet the motion in the shape in which , it waa proposed , did net the people come before me with sticks , and threaten to knodc my brains out ? Witness—Yes ; and they threatened to knock you out of tbe cart By Sir Frederick Pollock—The money "which I received was for my expences at Chester and Liverpool . I received 50 s .- at each place , and my expenses were rather more than £ 3 .
Joseph Oliver , examined by Mr . Wortley—I am an overlooks employed at Mr . Hall ' s mill , at Duckinfleld . I was at a meeting at Hall Green on the 2 nd or 3 rd of August . I think Wild was in the chair , bat I wont swear it . Pitting and Challenger addressed the meeting , and a resolution was proposed that if the masters persis ted in their reductions , the men would cease from labour , until they had « ot a fair day ' s wage for a fair day's work , ond the Charter had become tbe law of the land . Tha resolution was not put to the vote . I was at another meeting on the 10 th . Pilling was there . He said be had been at Oldbam , where he had wet with some opposition . He added tbat some of his lads had been there on Monday , and raked out the fires , and pulled out tha
plugs . Two men were come to Ashton , to say whether tbey would tarn out quietly or net , because if they would not , he was afraid tbat someofhis lads would break their heads . I was ' present at another meeting at Duckinfleld , on the 15 ih of August . James Thorp was in the chair . Challenger , a defendant , spoke in favour of tbe Charter , and said tbat if they wonld pass a resolution in favour of the Charter , they would go for the Charter and fight for it . He said he hsd been at Preston a few single soldier or a blue-bottle was to be seen , and he days ago—tbe streets were barricaded , and that not a had no doubt tbe town , if it was then as he bad left it , it would be by that time in a blaze . He also said that he bad been at Manchester , and that it was not or the towns of Ashton , Dukinfleld , Stalybridge , and
Hyde , to carry the Charter , but it must rest with the great delegate meeting at Manchester to carry it into law . He said that less turn-oats than these bad caused a revolution . He referred to tbe case of a great eraporer ravishing a woman , and t » the case of Wat Tyler , in England , and he said he believed tha time was fast approaching when they woald have such men as Fairfax and Cromwell . He recommended the p «> o * pie te look op to such men as Feargns O'Connor , Brosterre O'Brien , and Dr . M'DoualL I saw Challenger again in the evening , at Ashton , where there was a meeting . Some confusion took place , and the people said there was a dog battle . Challenger to ' id them that if they intended to carry tbe Charter they most not be afraid of two whelps fighting .
By Mr . O Connor—Some of my friends were opposed to my coming here , bat a parson whom I did not know sent for me , and I thought it was my duty to come . I admit that I hare been spoken to respecting my evidence . Mr . O'Connor—By whom ? Witness—I don't know . Mr . O'Connor—You don't know ? Witness—I was introduced into a room by somebody—daughter ) . Mr . O'Connor—Where at ? Witness—It was at the Commercial Inn , at Preston . Mr . O'Connor—Did yon read over yoar deposition there ? Witness—I did . Mr . O Connor—Were there other persons there reading ? Witness—Yes ; they seemed to be reading pieces of paper like mine .
Mr . O'Connor—Now , Sjr , having bad yoar memory refreshed by tbe Attorney at Preston , I ask you whether you told the Magistrates that Challenger said the people were to look up to Feargua O'Connor , Brunterre O Brlen , and Dr . M'Douall ? Witness—No Mr . O'Oonnor—Did you tell tee Magistrates about Preston b 6 ing in a blaze ? Witness—No : I thought it was of no use , as Chal-¦ enger had gone uff to America . Mr . O'Connor—Why did you not tell them ? Witness—I have told you the reason . Dont brine
things out so * bluff— ( laughter ) . I am getting quite dry . —( renewed laughter ) . Mr . O'Connor—Will you take a glass of wine ? Witness—I have not come here to tell any lies . Mr . O ' Connor—Then let us have the whole truth . Witness—I will apeak the truth , man . ( Maca laughter . ) Mr . O'Connor—Then do , man . Now , is tbe evidence you have given to-day the same as you gave to the attorney at Ashton ? Witness—Yes : word for word . ( Laughter . ) Mr . O Connor—After that , you may go down .
Samuel Bmnister , examined by Sir Q . Lewin—I am chief constable of Preston . There is a Chartist meeting room there . I was at a Chartist meeting about a month prior to the 12 th of Aogust A meeting was announced for the evening of that day . I went there . Two persons wore at the meeting who were represented as Aitkin and Challenger . They were received as such , and addressed the assemblage . Mr . Athertan objected to the reception of the evidence proposed to be given by the witness , inasmuch as be contended that the identification of the party merely by name , was not sufficient The Attorney-General called attention to the evidence of the preceding witness , who had stated that he had heard Challenger say he had been at Preston , and also heard him describe the state ia which the turn-out was wnen he left it . The Judge—1 think the evidence as to identity is sufficient .
Examination resumed—Both speakers spoke at great length . One resolution was put , that they should a * ain meet in a place called the orchard , at an early hour of the morning and at noon , to prevent such persons as were disposed to work from doing so . That resolution was carried . Others were proposed of a very violent character , but 1 can't particularise them . Challenger said that the masters of Preston , or the cotton lords , as he called them , were the most tyrannical men . in the coanty , that tbey gave a less amount of wages than others , and therefore could undersell their neighbours . Aitkin abused the mill-owners , and boasted that he had been in prison to serve the people , and would do so again . The next morning 1 attended the orchard , about five o ' olock , and found about 100 persons there at that time . 1 saw the nnmber was increasing , and 1 then went back to the station , and sent a report to the Mayor of the borough , having
left some constables to watch the proceedings of the mob . On my return , 1 met one of the constables , who said that the mob had gone ia the direction of one of the mills , to stop them . The next thing was the calling out of the military . 1 then proceeded with the soldiers aud Magistrates down Fishergate , and a short distance before we came to Lime-street , we met an immense mob of persons * We stopped them from coining up the street . We then proceeded in the direction of Paley's factory , and on our return up Lune-street showers of stones were thrown at us by the mob . We were ordered to halt aud turn round in order to disperse them , but ft was useless . We then informed them that Capt . Woodford had been sent for , and that the Riot Act woald be read . Amidst , a shower of scones , one of the mob exclaimed*— " Read and be d—d . " 1 $ hen went in company with Captain Woodford , to inform the mob that the Riot Act had been read . We found of
tbat stones were then comiug ^ over roofs the houses , as well as in our front and rear . There is a canal in the lower part of Luae-street , in which s number of stones are deposited , and we could see women bringing ston s in tlieir aprons , which formed a deposit . Finding that all our efforts to disperse the mob were fruitless , an order Was given to fire . 1 dou't know the precise word of command , but the Eoldiers fired . I saw several in the front rankB of the mob drop immediately . The rest of the people , to my astonishment , stood motionless , apparently thunderstruck . In the course of a few minutes afterwards , the mob retreated , and we returned to our quarters . Tne millB next day resumed work , and all was perfectly quiet . Four persona died in
consequence of the injuries they had received . By Air . O'Connor—At the time the military came up , the constables were laying their staves about the people . I can't say how long the firing continued after the people were motionless . It was deliberate and not rapid—it might ' . "be fifteen , fires a minute ,, but I can't say . I have not heard the Mayor blamed for his rash conduct ia ordering the military to fire upon tho people ; but on the contrary , I have heard his conduct praised in all quarters , under the circumstances . I admit that I went among the people myself , and wished them to disperse , but the military and the constables were close at hand . I did not hear a rumour that » was the intention of the MessrSi Hainsworth , of
rreston , to , reduce their wages , until after the meeting . I am qnite positive of that . I was not at the first inquest held upon the parties killed . I did not seethe bodies . I don ' t know that two men were wounded in the back . . * fef >< r ? ' ^«^ By Sir Jb . Pollock—The town was not in ajgteraL > iV . ly iS ^ state of disturbance until after th © arrivaioSSw ^ iii 2 : Vvr ^/ f and Challenger . Some slight disturbance bfcjftflra ^ js ^ ' v place before . ' £ *¦ ¦ £$$ }*' It being now seven o ' clock , the Court ffljofctti £ d till the following morning . & * ' $ ?* $ ' ' ¦ - ¦ m w ^^
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YOL- YI- NO . 377 . SATURDAY , MARCH 4 , 1843 . ""^ f" ^^" ,. ^!^ "
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AND LEEDS GENEML ADVERTISER . ! ' ¦ - _ . ¦¦— . — , . — . — _ 1 ,- - - JBJIII , — . . ]
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), March 4, 1843, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct984/page/1/
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