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Northern Star (1837-1852), 29th July 1843, Edition 5 of 5, Page 7

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      EMIGRATION . OKEBTATI 02 TS COK 2 TEGTED WITH 2 £ B . PITKETHLY * S TOTJB . ( CoTtdndedfrom our lad teeePj jxtpcr . ) 2 35 XRTJCT 3 QBS AKD CXUHOXS TO EMJGBAK IS . ^ oarding-bonse keepers are generally mixed op -with jjjedorfcs ; Bnfltbej . » re eTer on thsalBrtto " taie-in "' j&snjens . ^ H »^ lare ' tee mo * expert Man ! , for the ^ press purpose of aaraEping ttseTr ^ irey . - This Q » y eSee * bycmuing and enticing ^ nnrements ^ and they ^ oo of ten succeed In entangling even theuiost "waiy iB thai meshes . ; Tben ,-tae fliedng" operation is earnjnenced . The lodging-house keeper hating the < mieant in lus tnra nonse , has the best possible opporte

      yttj of reeonrmending such and xttdb conveyances BB }« ing ths "best and the cheapest ; and those are _ gener allysusli as trill not sallfor a-day-ox two sfterfhe time jhey st » fe , jo thatihay mayiave them at their houses jitJbe doable ehirge , as mentioned in Mr . Bewcistle ' j statement . - These fellows obtain one-liali , sn ( isomejirEes two-thirds of the fare paid for conveyance to iBnfialo , or any other jflaee ; and expectation that they -Bill sot ^ ek « te 7 chance , and that they and their myrmidons Trill not rob or steal 'when opportunity kites , can only be justified In a lunatic The folio-wing Is * specimen of fiheVillany of one oMbisetricksters : —

      On me IDih ol August , Bobert Anderson , witi Ghis . 32 am 8 hznr and Ttife , { who -were passecgeisTrith me to 3 BKtonJ tame to Ifew TorkTrhllel -was ibere ? unfl irere induced to so to the house of Abraham Knox , ot Snbx and Sans , 16 J , Proni-Etreet , -who so act that onB pd bnHy and act the master to-day and the other to-EHaroTF ; and either of them be porter an < 3 servant of all -work at pleasure ; so thai if one makes the agreement , the other irings In 4 he bill and -when any objection is made tne plea is , ~© l ~ b& iasnothing to do with it Has house 1 b mine , wid my terms are those in the bilL " Well , those Knot * darged my fellovr passengers 25 tents for meals sot -worth six cents ; aid after having had "ffiat they conridtred necessary and were about to depart , ihe > 3 vnox * . s used the ntmost persoatlon to induce them to take an additional meal . Peranasioa fining , they remonstrated ; that also failing , ' they began to thr eaten ; bat It proved to no purpose in this case .

      Kthagoras and Philip Williams , two of thennsiemna bom Crompton irbo trere on board the Swan ton and charmed ns / with their ttitw ^ p -when in the T" *^ channel as mentioned in'the early part of my jsnrnal , related to me the following facts on onr homewsrd passage : — "On landing irem the S wanton " ire-were induced to go to Knox * honse ; and staying only & few hours -we left -without any'angry feeling , and proceeded to Pittsburgh in searcb of employment , wh ' ch not finding atthat place , ire proceeded to Cincinnati , sad as far as IionisnOe ; bat finding so many out of employment and

      that there -wasuschaace for as , ire returned to l « ew York , and ~ Knox ? b being the only honse known to as , we went thither- The terms far board and lodging , were said to he two-dollars per week . When we had engaged < mr passage ana were about to pay , one of th 8 Knox ' i told tis thai his terms were three dollars per week ; and ihst for three days It was the 3 amB as for the -whole-week . TF « remonstrated , bnt weie told that it jnust be psid , adding , * ThaTj a factf "—* term which became qnite familiar on board from its irequent zepetitioii .

      Intending Emigrants win do well to take a lesson bom ihe dncnmstaiice of these men haying expended eo ^ yitiffh ^ trift jind'Siioney In an unsuccessful . endesvotzr to obtain the opportunity of parnrnp their bread by the sweat ef their brow . fiaorge Eobinson , of Asfehnm-Bryan , ^ mt Tort , who had bean orer for the same object as the brothers > yiuia 3 ns , and had also been nnsnccessfol , returned by Ib&aaiae ship . He Itad likewise staid s few daya at ihe 'Kfior ' s , ana was charged the same as the others . On demanding % bill , "with particalais , he said they

      » lodea ^ ue . " He declared the -bed not to be fit tat a { kg , and for -which he had to ; pay two shillings a ¦ nfflr t , xnii fmn ghTIK pgn fnj emi * h ' -T ^ ft ^ T . Hie * ' ^ flrf ** is , he bad to pay 2 Knox bis extortionate demand , who , howeTEr , -was eanstzaxned to ray that hs might stay ths week out : pi which hs & = a the WUHsibb partly snSed ihemseltes , by returning from the ship and ha-ring sereral meals ; bat a person of the same of Potter , frozn Calton , Glasgow , who had been imposed upon in like mahnsr at the SHZoe placb , dared not again renrarB upcm -tbe premises , lest some more < & Snox's stubborn nfaeif should rise up against bim .

      lioajbi to be generally known Hat fiierB iaa \ sr » in force -which inflicts a heavy penalty upon the ewner of any ship which enters any port of the United States * -with a greater number of passengers on board Sum ths said law prescribes . I am sot certain of the exact number ; bat it isTuledby so many ions measureaaaent of the- slop ; so that imlesB the -vessel is laden-Tfitfe "fight goads , thefeis geneialfyB sefficaency of room forQie « onTenleoee of passengers . This , bowerer , is sot the ease with Teasels returning from the American ports ; fhHB Jbeing ao law 3 n Britain by which this matter is regulated . They cram human beings to-^ ther like so many pigs ,-paying bo regard to health , comfort , or decency ; ad wb . en landed oa the British shores ibers is no asylum prepared ia xeceiTe . the is--rslidsr titer are left to aMfi for themselTas as heal

      they can . 2 iot so 3 n the States ; for at the -rarioua ports an hospitals for the reception of all -who may reguire medical aid , and -where they are taken care of unta they recoTEr . Sox the-purpose of meeting the espence thereby incurred , one dollar is demanded of every pas : sender , ot Trhaterera ^ e or s-x . before they are sHowed to proceed Irom any of onr ports , the captain inowiu ? that it "will be demanded of him on the opposite shore ofae Atlantic The msney received at New Tork alone for this pcrposa must be immense , as m ? y be easily ascertained . For instance , one ship with 300 passengers at 4 a . 2 d . { passengers generally pay 4 s . 6 d . they rot having dollars ) -will funhh the hospital with upwards of i £ 60 . From the information I have had , ^ rwit Tn ^ 1 apjiynjii'fT » tTnT > And carrnpfi-it exists in tiie management vl tbosB inititntions , even in the land of ¦ ptrHy and lepuWican principles . -

      It woold ie well for the Emigrants to sleep on board the vessel in which they cross , rmSl they can tatetheir fare for the Far West and have their baggzgB taken irom one vessel to the other . This -would e&ct a . ecmziaerable Erring . 1 hs&e before mentioned the Impropriety and danger of persons lesring their native land . If willing to Hboitr , bat suable -to obtain -employment , they-nevertheless possess an inherent right "to a sufficiency of the ueceasarierof life ; and he is a consummate coward who employs not every legal means to procure a living for himself and dependants in his father-land . Ho who ¦ win tamely and sflenfly fubmlt to the invasion and

      s £ 22 h 3 abo& _ of ms most sacred rights at home , is no"worShy of a place in any « mntry . "Wonld that I conld shaken my degraded countrymen to a true aense of their dnty , and arouse them to an united , legal , and constitutional effort to deliver themselves from the galling . despotism imder -which they mrfFer i Then woula a rcgenerafion be ejected at home , and 'EnngmBon become a Twitter of choice , instead of , as it sow is , & thing of compulKon . . Xet every one io their dnty anrl T ^ TiTBin a . home until they are prepared to buy a plot of land , and can depend more spos'the cultivation cf the soil { the proper basis of prosperity and comfortJ , than upon the produce of any traffic or handicraft

      The influx of srEz = EB and labourers Into tbe States Snd yVvri < rta . from all the countries ef Europe is so Excessive aa to overstock every department of labour . Every tity , port , and marm factory have taken advantage of tha glut , . and ranployed the strangers at half the wages paid to their old hands , who . axe driven from their homes as ws drive away foreign macofacturtrs , hy what is falsely caHed the free trade system ; and thus they are compelled to seek another bome , to » tsrvc , or to accept such employment , on inch terms , as the employer ussy in Mb -mcrcg and charily be disposed to gire .

      Often have ! beard the working men of England and jScotlfiiid tittBrly complain of Hw influx of th ^ Irith , and the consequent lowering of wages ; but 1 did not anticrpste that I should hear the curses loud and deep of the American * against Scotdrtnen and Englishmen for rninini : their tmda Xet Hjb iDdnstadons elapses for whom I write look well to this matter- By going unprepared , tbeynot only ^^ £ 35 > osetheinselvestodtactj > riTatlons but at the same time inflict much suffering apon others , yna engender a spirit of annnosty in the breasts of their own order , and enable the-employers , by s rednndaDcy of bands thus seated , to reduce wages and to demand excessiv e long hoars ef tail , Trherefcy they can pro ^ nce the same description « f goods WMcb- ~ we have been in the habit of erparfe ^ ai so loirs price as to drive ^ us ornt < if themarket In fact , they havathis very spring exported to China half as many goods as Great Britain , and have aleo sent a large onantity" into Liverpool .

      I have before intimated that in principle I am-opposed to Emigration ; however , I will bow attempt to anew what isi ^ neeessry to " be attended to iy those -who , are resolved to go / nnfier any circoinBtBDCts ; and more espdaHy f or the benefit of thennforrnnate who are coaapelled lo ga I intend io show the advantage of going , into theFar West , over settling in the Eastern States . The Bousliem drnsion of WISCONSIN , the northern division of lujspis , and a division of Michigan , are ttie puts 1 ahonld lecommend as seUlements , in preference to any ether east of the Mississippi . In that laijtade l consider liie dimaie most congenial to the MaKtaats of £ be Britiai isles . In thosa districts there is plenty of the best land unappropriated , to be bad at the government price lone-and-a-gnarSer dollar let acre ); and nowhere is the samelafitnaein the States * Indiana , Ohio , PeEDBViTsnia , or Hew York , can fei of an inferior qaali ^ y be cbfcaiaed t& isirfold the iB

      J ^ e . the ^ paxtB xefHredto , land saa beflbtamed ^ S'fc ^ yoover&awia , orperfccSy free from timber , tar partwiaianip ^ w « boni . "Water is plentifnl , a » d *> fet conj ^ anee to Us"w Yobk and Hew OBiEiBS isaear-jhem alL Theaame Temasks -will apply to the Sorthem part of the 351 SSOITB . I territory , and a great Potion of thtterritory of low ^ excepSng with xeiard to " » ater conveyasee to If ew Yoi& » In proof of this ^ ktecoent 1 may jnen&ju , that there are more persons * bB »» fter disposing of fisfirr land in Qie Eastern States , ^^ e to thi temtorieB alluded to , than f o there ° a& Britain , iK 2 Knd , or the whole of Europe put ^ eaet Tb 5 s feet i 8 the best evidence of the sdvan-^ ofjestHfcg there . v _ , . Patisa ol thrae States 2 = d territories" abound "Sith coal , Isad , and otha minerals . The fertLity « Cjs" son js greater than in the Ecsitrn States . 211 the Soath the beat 5 » often teo excessiTe fox

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      Britons ; while in the North the winters axe severe , long , and dreary . In the parts I recommend , tho inhabitants generally enjoy good health with -watchful ness , which is necessary for all to attend to who go to a strange country . Much water power may be had for flour , saw , and other . mills , and for propelling every kind of machinery . These territories prodnce tbe best wheat and in the largest quantity , ^ of any other of the States . : Wheat is the staple produce ; and there are great facilities to ship it for New York and New ^ Orleans , and , from some of the districts to Canada easier than to either ; and Canada is now the best markeb . For these , and other reasons , I give a decided preference to the Far West . f

      I found , daring my stay in tbe country , that many persons had been induced to ge into Western Canada from the States , from the fact that unprecedented eoconragement had been given to several persons , some of whom I met ; they having obtained free grants of 100 acres of land each , on application to thoCelonlal Government ; which Government had also given such encouragement is other respects , as to have caused considerable increase in trade . Taxes are lower there than in the States . From these circumstances it is evident that tbe policy of the British Government is to conciliate the Canadians ; and they have indnced Dr . Hehori , whom they denounced and hosted as a rebel , to return , as also Mons . Papineaa , formerly Speaker of the House orBspresentetives , who had to flee for his life . I am informed that he had not only received a free pardon , but had been paid the full amount ot Ms salary , as Speaker , during tha whole of his absenee . 1 From

      Mr . Mackenzie ' s own month I was informed ; that he had been pressingly invited to return , although he was the head and chief leader of the rebels ; and was as repeatedly rejected by the Government , and as regularly returned , ontfl , at length , they were compelled to admit , be was the leading opposition member of the House ef Representatives . Toeeek tohave thosefavonrites returned to the country , and to make concessions , is a proof that our rulers are resolved to retain their hold in that country as long as possible ); bat with all their anxiety to infuse loyalty into the breasts of the people , still a strong hatred to Church and King will ever exist , and the populace win most assuredly shake off their allegiance sX the first favourable opportunity . The txpence of retaining possession of , and supporting the Colony is great , and is borne by British and Irish industry , which ia fast on the wane , and will , ere long , be insufficient to support itself at home . But to return .

      Persons who go oat , not being members of the " Mutual Aid Society , " -with the intention of purchasing land , ought , in the first place , to go to the land offices of the several districts , say M . 1 ITWA 1 . K . EY , CHICAGO , Mjlbdisok , Gaxkna , at any other land office in whatever district they intend -to locate , and ascertain how the unappropriated land 1 b situated , and also obtain whatever general information may be requisite . Afterwards the land should be visited , to ascertain its qualities ; its proximity to water , or other conveyance for produce to a good market , or markets Examine if sufficient timber foe npoa it , or If too muck -, as , in the latter case , great labour and expense would be required to cat it down , ( or chop it , as the phrase is ) , and dear it off . I have seen land that coat ten times its original price to dear off the timber ; and , after all , the stumps , about three feet in height , remained , and did not rot out for many years . This will show the advantage of purchasing upon oak openings , or prairie .

      For mysaif , I beg to state tha ? I soon saw that if I came to s determination to ' purchase , I OUjht , at least , to be three months in the territory before fixing myself ; eo that I might obtain the most ! minute knowledge of every corner and circumstance , and profit by my own individual experience . . ; This I mentioned to several persons , who uniformly approved of the idea . The Emigrant must not by any means purchase or pay for a single acre of land , without first calling at the district office , and there ascertain that the ! land is really the property of tbe person professing to be the proprietor . Jlneh imposition has been effected by sales of land by persons out of whose possession it had passed ; and the unfortunate purchaser has , after settling sad laying oat additional money , and imagining himself SBtiled for life , been qeefced from it , as though he bad sever paid a farthing . This occurs oftenest when -porehasms improved lands . !

      Six miles square constitutes a township . A section 1 b one mile square , or 640 acres—an half section , 320—a quarter 160 acres , and an eighth , eighty acre * , which is the smallest quantity which the Government will sell . In every case $ he sixteenth section is appropriated to the support of schools , whereby an universal system of education is established , „ I The title deeds which confer the right of property throughout the States are printed in a plain form , on parchment of the quarto size . The purchaser ' s name , fiie locality of the purchase , and the date being filled up in vritlDg , and the document being subscribed by

      the President of ths united States and the Agent of the General land Office , becomes a perfectly legal document , and is handed to the purchaser free of all expence , and may be legally transferred by him to another person withont the intervention of a lawyer , or any of the sibsardand expensive mummery practised by oar moJern Solans in England or Scotland , j Ah every possible advantage is taken of the knowledge the inhabitants obtain of the intentions of a stranger , it is justifiable to act the part of the waterman , that is , to " look one way and row another" ; or , aa the Yankees ssv , to be " -wide awake . " :

      R-. eh fiat land or valleys are often found very unhealthy ; and situations borderi g on marshes and stagnant pools must be avoided . They engender disease , especially fever and agues ; which disorders are of a lingering nature , and though not considered very dangerous , yet they are unwelcome visitants . Uncleared lands have a tendency to aggravate the evil ; and , if proper caution be not observed , the disease sometimes proves fatal Upland grounds , dry , and exposed to free air , onght to be preferred . Mr- Sheriff a -writer in Chamber ' s Information for the Peojtc , States that the valley of the Mississippi hwhicQ

      includes nearly the whole of the territories of which I am speaking ) produces a good and sore crop of wheat cf from thirty to thirty-five bushels to tbe acre , of 60 lbs . and often 66 lbs . to the bushel . My Information , however , is , that from fifteen to twenty busbtla ; is tbe average ; and the weight considerably under that given by xox . 5 ., who farther states that he estimated some Indian corn on the banks of tbe Mississippi at twenty feet high . 1 saw none above seven and a half feet , and met - « ith no one who had seen so mneh as half Mr . Sheriff ' s estimate .

      Mr . Flint is first made to differ with Mr . S ., and then is made to say that he had met a settler wee had that jear raked nine hnndred bushels of Indian corn , and that by his own individual exerti&ns ;; which statement is , from the information I received in that country , an absolute impossibility . Nevertheless , Mr ., Tani adds that he had previously heard of a I negro , settled on the prairies , naar Vincennes , -who had the same year raised one thousand bushels ; an I which is a * U 51 prester impossibility . We most , if it can be

      swallowed , believe that those gentlemen , tbe black and the white , bad ntither man , woman , nor child ; horse , ox , nor ass , to aid them in ploughing , digging , harrowing , soiling , hoeing , reaping , houseing , thrashing , and preparing it for the market ; which , givinz twenty-four bcshe » 3 ty ihe acre , w nld be , for ime Jaanan being to * aKSvate and crop , thirty-eijht acres ; and this ; if the laud -were in the highest possible state of enMvation , a fans labourer in Britain would say was no- trifling matter . TMs is what my American friends called " Locs-bow sweeping . "

      B ^ t incredible as these statements are , they did not suffice ; Jo : fee "Kilter proceeds to inform his readers that ibf ! Sfil is well adapted for the growth of European veget ebi ** . - a = « i he affirms tbat caobages grow to the pzj cf from thirteen to seventeen and a half feet in circumference , and that those of nine feet round in the head are com mon ! I It -would certainly have been much more eaOs-factory had 3 Ir . Flint favoured the readers of Chambers' Information " with the name and address of the senler -who raised Hie nine hundred bushels of grain by his own individual exertions , and also tbe nsaa zn < x residence of the negro sear Yincennes -who raised tke one thousand bushels by the tame means . It

      might be thought rude to deny tbe statement ; p evertheless , by a little personal intercourse with thej black and white gentlemen , ( for settlers are generally -understood to be white , ) a most valuable lesson might havft been learned . It would have been no less important had the name of one grower of those thirteen , and aeveirfeen-sjid-a-baif-feet-eircciRferenee cabbsgesj been also given . The absence of sneb Information caused me to devote considerable time in making inquiries as to where those immense vegetables were produced ; but , from personal observation , I found the cabbages grown in England are much superior to any in those parts over which 1 travel ed .

      The cabbage-statement is followed up fey another , to shew , or induce the belief , that parsnips , carrots , and beew sie remarkable for their siae and fisvoni ; and peas most txcellent and prolific These " Longbow sweepings" may not have been published -with a diihonest intention : but I consider partieB culpable in the highest degree who circulate such unfounded statements among the people , who possess no means of ascertaining the truth . By such tales are they allured from their homes to a pictured Paradise ! and , when too late , they find nothinc knt a wilderness .

      Chasnberf Information goes on to state ibat peaches are in blossom on the 1 st cf Aptfl ; asparafro t > n the 3 rd ; acd peas , beans , and onions are sows and brought to perfection as though , there were bat one day In the year , ana that the reasons were xtgnlated on that cue "day in the same way aa a watch . Sueh is not the « aEe . In that country the winters are more and less severe , as well as long ** and shorter in their duration ; although ihe Messrs . Chambers essay to gall the public by stetiBg that on the 10-h of April , nine days after the pea-h blossoms , the spring has fairly set i » and tbe pMurit-s are green ; all of which are set down aathe memorandums of a naturalist . No doubt they are , those < if s ratoral fool ; for Done other would clothe tbe trees in blossom bsfore the eftrwg set in , or afSmj that tuxmps sown on the 101 b of September grow to a large EZi before winter . TniB cannot in anywise apply to tbe Northern Ststea

      1 paBj over the story afecut beef and bogs rbeisg drridid aawng neighbour ? , anl retnnn sisde of the same kind , md also that ot thxee-year old heifers weighing 423 . fc& . being sold for 24 s . 6 d ., and eoiae to the following passage : —

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      "Everyfarmer , besides his own land , has . the range of the meadows around him both for his cattle , bogs , turkeys , and poultry , bo that they are reared in immense numbers and at small expence . " No donbfc where the land is unappropriated , the cattle and ponltry do range the forest , unrestricted ; bat when the land is taken up , enclosed and improved , they are c-nBned to their own property , the same as inEagland . When cattle , tic . are reared they are slow of sale , and are not unfrequently exchanged for articles of necessity . If ever the marKeta were good , even when Messrs . Chambers published these exaggerations , it by no means follows that they are so now . Again , it is said : — "Altogether the fertility of the country , and the abundance of its natural productions ,, are snch that lite inhabitants are afraid of not being believed by the other Americans . " :

      This portion of tfea subject is closed with the following r""Ifaese statements may ( do ) appear overdrawn , but all the favourable impressions -which had been mada concerning tals country , by thereportsof former visitors , have been confirmed , in the most satisfactory manner , by Mr . Stuart , of Dunearn , who passed through the whole territory in 1832 , and conversed with the most intelligent of its inhabitants . His account agrees in everything with what we had previously heard of the great fertility - and growing importance of the country . " "

      Those gentlemen father apon Mr . Stuart the whole of these extravaganzas ; which are , 1 feel sorry to say , so far as I could obtain information , gross and criminal allurements ; and I beg to assura my fellow countrymen and countrywomen who blindly follow the tempting bait that they will speedily feel the hook . What can justify statements : bo outrageous , -while apon land equally rich and fertile , and in a climate equally as congenial , the average crop is generally known to be under twenty bushels per acre ? The knowledge that hundreds have been Induced to leave their father-land , in consequence of what Chambers ' and otben have published in this over-colouredway , has induced Jmo to lay the reality before my readers , and leave them to take their own course ; that knowing the truth that they may have themselves alone to blame .

      Mr . Stuart having ; bevn frequently quoted in Chambers' publication , it { may be useful to give the following correspondence whick will show what hia evidence 1 b worth : — : "The following letter was addressed border of tbe Government , to Mr . Beal , Factory Inspector , of Dundee . ( See debate upon Mr . Fielden ' a motion of enquiry in the House of Commons , July , 1840 ; and notice the villainy of the Whigs , the pitiful subteifuie of Fox Maule , who wished the House to believe that the inspectors were only authorised to report ihe stale of the Harvest J : — " 345 , Strand , London , " 30 th July , 1839 .

      " Pbab Sik—I Have to acquaint you for your information ( done , that I am officially instructed to tcatch and take measures for obtaining information aa to any proceedings in my district , relative to assemblages of working people or Chartists , er circumstances calculated to disturb tbe public peace . You will , therefore , be so good as to make weekly a confidential report upon THIS SUBJECT . ; Tbe newspapers from different puts of yonr district will generally point oat to y 4 B any places requiring particularly to be noticed , bnt iake ' eare at Dundee and elsewhere to act with seeresy and prudence , so that you may escapeobservalion , and not be suspected of giving information . " -1 am , dear Sir , yours truly . "James Stuart . "

      It most by no means be inferred from any statement herein set forth that I wish it to be understood , that with industry and proper management , there are not the means ol living iupon a plot of land . No ; on the contrary , I feel convinced that in no country in the world can greater means of comfort and independence be acquire * . Yet let no new pettier imagine tbat he can arrive at such a state withont encountering many difficulties , and even hardships ; great toil , numerous disappointments , and ' many unforseen inconvenienceseverything being new and every circumstance changed —new labour , new climate , and a new mode of life . All must calculate upon great absence of comfort ; and none ought to go Who have hot previously matte up their minds to endure much . They most call philosophy to their aid-t-they must set up a bold

      frontmeet every obstacle "With resolution , and overcome it with energy , looking forward in confidence to Increasing comforts , and the attainment of independence . I have no means of directing the reader to any work on -which reliance can be placed for acqniring anthentie information , although I have cartlnUy examined many works on the United States . •« Cobbett ' s Year ' s Residence , " and other Emigrant Guides , contain more or less useful information ; but circumstances change with the times—new points of attraction spring up , and new lines by which to reach them . I have laboured to give the best possible information connected with the present tittle and circumstances , and tto most accurate description of things as they are ; all of which I conjure the intending Emigrant carefully to ponder in his mind ere he leaves his native land .

      My task is now completed . If what I have said and done will be of advantage to the poor , who are now the prey of the crafty aad the designing , my labour will not have been in vain . The consciousness that I have been ef use will be my best reward . L PlTKETllLY . Huddersdeld . 1813 .

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      w « h <^ ' waiting to be beholdsn to any governing or what is called superior class ? Perfect love fa always In ** £ Jt ? " never Inquires whether its Government ba f S !?! aVHKMchy , or a democracy , well knowing tbat it [ is always oared for in all things , Intslligence , under the ^ control of love > klway * directs everything tor the advantage of all , I and easily commands reaper , sn&mfeslon , and obediemfc from all without the use or any harsh « unpleasantjmieans . Industry , with m two firmer , more especJallysin a large and exteasive union , ] wm readily supply not only all things required for the immediate ' wants of the parties located ; Dat if they take advantage , as they may moBt readily

      do , of the ineehanieal and chemical discoveries of the ¦ ajf e , the Industry of such persons aa would thus associBte may soon give Ibem the pmror of extending the benefits they would themselves enjoy throughout all people . Economy , on a true basis , joined with ' the preceding qualities would so simplify the wants and habits of the people associated , that they would wonder how they cjrald have previously / subjected themselves to such an ] immense amount of care and anxiety for the supply ; er numberless wants , which , when dispensed trith , they will find their beings in a far superior and ihigher state of exiateneS , and that they have j * ys and pleasures of which they had before no conception .

      We are ; apt to complain of our governors , rulers , and others to authority , as though they were the cause of aUth © diffieu ' . tiea under wbicli we labour ; whertas when manjsball have arrived at his true dignity of being , IndivMually or collectively ^ he , wm ; always find in himself . the power of overcoming every difficulty that surrounds him . Regal gowfcr , the Government , the Churobi and all pther authority , will be looked upon with irelatton to the eet * ice it renders to the cause of human progress ; and , whilst preserved , will fee support ^ and aahisted in eve ry manner possible for the performance of its duties ; but awe or dieaa . fear or trembling , will be unknown to ] man . He will know his own internal power and dignity ; and this knowledge will , | through the love that will be manifested forth in every one , not only for ) the human race , but for everything tbat has life , become speedily sojgeneral that there will be an inconceivable power exerted by each , that will soon extend itself universally .

      Let us then cultivate these qualities in every manner possible , that they may speedUy ^ operate to tbe Bubjection of all ] evil things , and to the establishment of everything that ia good . Let none fear the commencement of such a task , nor the difficulties with which he may be individually surrounded . If be shall be found prepared to : perform his duty as a universal beiug the opportunity will not long be wanting . Your Paper of last week contained an account of a visit to this ' place by Mr . Q . J . Holyoako ; and perhaps as I have now been here for Boole weeks , it may be servicafele to the general progress if I give your readers my iaipreasioas respecting it .

      My visiting here , on leaving Harmony , was the consequence of an engagement to the Pater that I would take the earliest opportunity of doing so ; but I had no intention of remaining more than a day Or two , as I had beard ; so many accounts of the miserable state . in which they lived , and of their sf range mystical doctrines , that making allowance for much exaggeration , I thought a day or two would quite suffice . I found , however , bo warm and cordial a reception , and bo much genuine sympathy for the great object 'of my existence , that on leaving for Xondon to perform some engagements I had entered into , I resolved on returning at the earliest moment . Mils resolution teas soon confirmed by the agitation , anxiety , and misery , which I found even among the most fortunate of the parties I had to mix with in London ; for the calm , peaceful retreat of this place bore to me a strange contrast with the turmoil that is besetting all the competitors for what the world calls wealth : or fama

      I have since spent the greater portion of my time here , alternating . it with two or three days each week in London , ! as my business demands . There is , of course , much , very much to amend , as the parties have every thing to learn with regard to associated life ; but tttere pi much here which if extensively copied would aoonI go far . towards introducing the measure I now advocate . The parties observe a total abstinence from animal food , fermented or distilled liquors , tobacco , tea , cofloe , and almost so from sugar , a littlo having been used once or twice only since I have been here with fruit pies . They ; abstain also from butter , cheese , milk ,

      egsa , honey , or any other product of tbe inferior animals , this last arrangement being considered necessary on tho principle of man's doing jiwtica to the other varied creations of the earth . c The diet thus simplified consists of oatmeal porridge , bread made from wheat without separating any portion of the ! bran from it , boiled rice , potatoes , and other vegetables and fruits , the produce of their garden . It Is thuB very inexpensive , and prevents them from being affected by any of the taxation which is now so liberally bestowed on everything i % can reach : the people might soon , by this means alone , pat a stop to the present irrational mode of conducting human affvirs . :

      Their highest employment it the cultivation of What they term , the " love spirit , " wbioh they affirm exists in every human being ; and which , if properly developed , and permitted its full manifestation , will unite all in one common bond of union , and impel all continually to act for the universal ; good . Those who visit tbe establishment , who desire the happiness ot their fellow | men , ¦ whatever maybe their opinion ot the fitness of such a position for themselves individually , will Dot fail earnestly to hope tbat tho spirit which has actuated the Pater of the first Concordium to commence such a work , and which sustains him in the continuance ! of it under what would appear to most persons insurmountable difficulties , may persuade many thousands , who bavo far more extensive means for doing good , provided their beings could be animated by the desire , to " go and do likewise . "

      Such a course or proceeding may be adopted by any and every division or class of the people that can be stimulated to desire it . They may easily locate themaslves on sufficient land to provide all they require ; and by being in thu neighbourhood of large towns , they may easily procure employment ; and this too not in the present servile manner in which they are now Obliged to solicit it . ^ but by delegating the * beat qualified person among their body to attend to this division of their proceedirgs , ' and thus obtain all the results without the interposition of another party ; whilst their children may always r be practically educated , and may , at an early age , ba made contribute more to the general stock than they withdraw from it

      Any parties , however , who shall think of introducing this mode of obtaining free-trade in sit things with all the -world , must take care that they admit no individual to take part in their proceedings until he shall have manifested that he is actuated by the desire to promote the universal good , or as they would aay here , is filled with the love spmt . Unless this prerequisite be obtained there will , be no unity ; and without unity there can be no successful results . I am , Sir , your obedient Servant , Wiluah Galpin . Concordium . Ham Common , Surrey . July 24 , 1843 .

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      THE NATIONAL BENEFIT SOCIETY FAVOURABLE FEATURES AND CIRCUMSTANCES ATTENDANT ON OVR ADVANCED POSITION . TO THE CHA . RTIST PUBLIC . Brother Chartists—Having in the short space of five years , concentrated hundreds of thousands of the true Radicals , under the fearful name of " Chartists "; having congregated tbe majority of our fellow-slaves under our fair banner of ri ^ ht , truth and justice ; bavin ? petitioned and demanded , by millions of signatures , the establishment of our Magna Charta ; having waded through a mighty tide of persecution , and weathered the

      boistiTuus xale of faction ; having borne the heat and toils cf a long aid dire campaign , and eqine forth victorious from the Bddji though with great loss of map and munitions , standing to our cause and colours , though our chief * fell into thehands of our powerful and wealthy enemy ; having by those many and mighty evidences displayed our jgreat moral power and worth , and our yet dormant " physical strength , " we are become a party capable of carrying forward tbe most extensive plans for the aniel «» ratlOD of the manifold grievances of onr order —the ORDER OF INDUSTRY ' , and ; ore Ihe only party equation ! THE WORK is TUEREFOnE OURS ; awd ue must do ill '

      Too fact , that we have baen , an 4 still are , associated in vast numbers throughout the country , in one body , under one title , having the same objects in view , the same desires and interests—and those the elevation of the totting class from degradation , misery , poverty , and the coutinuali dread of vcretcbedress and starvation , to a life of happy healthful labour and competency , peace and joy ; these facts prove that we are in a position to put into operation the most extensive machinery necessary ; to remove us from out of our present grievous situation .

      *• Out of evil cometb good . " The very ii ? s of which wo speak have produced , and are producing , favourable features ,: « qd- circumstances for the necessary machinery and operations to human redemption . Hundreds of the mid die class , who have , through the fniuJty medium of their "darkened glass " of caste » iui party , lo < ked upon us with prejudice , fear , and distrust ; can , now tbat the wolf is at their door , look apon us as it were with other eyes , and faucy we are not the Chartists of yeaterdayj-whom they porseauted ! Nay they even now applaud us I

      Brothers , lit not us upbraid them for the " change that bath cotrie o'er the spirit of their dream , " but rather turn the change to onr account Let us take advantage of ; their and our altered circumstances . Numbers of tho small shopkeepers have been broken up and beggared ; . numbers more will as surely be broken up ; numbm will have to sell off their stock in order to save something from the general wreck , and will Emigrate with their ft ?; v pounds , but to -Wise . a it , in tho hopa of flndiuj { a better fial . i fo / ths exercise of their ingenuity ; num . ' era of email farmers 17111 share the same fate , or ba sold up for rents and rates ; thousands more of tbe ¦ Kwfcirij ; class will be thrown out of employ by improved maefcinery , and be added to the thousands vbp are now cast oVev tho cauntry , to linger out ft weary txister . ee by begging , or fill the murder BA 8 TILB 8 , a&d increase ( be rates for the purchase of

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      poison and cofiSns ; until ! but two classes , widely distinct from each other , exist—the wealthy land and factory lords , and ( heir wleichei nominal serfs . Tine , it hath net quite come to this yet . There is yet strength left in us wherewith to redeem our tost position . We can yet , by our united exertions , lead our starving countrymen ] from this vale of tears and despair , to scenes of smiles and hope . If we start snch a coeiety as I have urged upon yon , these broken shopkeepers , tradesmen , land farmers , would sorely gladly invest their few pounds in it , instead of wasting their substance on the wide Atlantic , ani thns by their united pounds , and industry , create happy homes for themselves , and enrich by their surplus productions the whele association . The breaking up of the old

      system will be the making of the new ! Who that hath studied it in all ita ramifications , but wilt say that it ia fast breakiug up ? The great jmem ef trada—the extensive ' system of manufacture that hath grown up so rapidly since the war , enriching the few and ruining tho many , must of necessity > uin and destroy i tself ! Kaow ye riot that the walls , and ramparts , and castles , and keeps , and machinery of the manufacturers , Is only wealth so long as it is in constant uso ? That partial use jwon't pay the holder ; that , without trade" or business , " great manufacturing establishments are so much dead and useless and ugly matter ; as witness Acramans and Co . ' s concern at Bristol , Harfords sad Co . ' s cojaceru at the same place , and also in Monmouthshire , with many others . That the thing may be patched up a bit longer , is certain ; but no patch can make it endure . The artificial system is subject to so many derangements , that it must be ever in danger of stagnation , arid consequent ultimate ,

      annihilation ; but Nature and her broad fields will continue for ever ! Let us hasten then to return unto her ! Ocee having made a sure footing on tha Land , we are safe ! Prosperity is then before us . By the weekly contribu-. i tions of those of our members who are in employ , andj the profits of our colonies , we shall be able to procure , all we need . Machinery , as the rotten system of credit explodes , will be at our command , at our own price . ' The laws will respect us . [ Justice , none of the " powers ( hat he" will dare' to refuse ub . Our rights , political andBOoial , will be -within our grasp . We shall , i n such a society , be " lords of ' creation , " great and greater than the tiuseiied nobles o ^ the Crown ' s creation ; for we shall be truly Nature ' s nobles . Tbe society 1 have proposed 1 b tho sure and easy stepping stone to all these great advantages and this happy end ; and I call upon you , brothers , aa you love and respect yoarselves and families , to instruct your delegates to tbe National Conference about to ba called , to frame the rules for such a society .

      It will be seen , by reference to my last letter , that I have not made any deduction for the incidental expences of carrying on the society ; and therefore I will here explain that point . The regular subscriptions of mem * bora under the graduated scale , I would appropriate exclusively to the purposes for which it was subscribed : namely , the purchase of laud or other raw material , and hold it to be a sacred fund , especially set apart for the permanent benefit of the subscribers ; but for tho general expenees of the society , such as education , agitation ,-pay of officers , delegates , books , stationary , dec I propose to establish a general fund , to be collected by classing the members as follows , to suit their varied circumstances : — 1 st . Subscribers at ldi and upwards , per week . 2 nd . Ditto id ] per week . . Jrd . iJitto | i . | or Id . p « r month . 4 th . Voluntary suDscribers .

      A general fund , I thinkj may bo safoly tried on this scale ; as ail the members ! would have a self-interest in subscribing as much or more than they could well afford to help on their Benefit Society . Of this I feel assured , that such a plan of vatyiog-aubSOriptions must be adopted in the Chartist body , on account of the poverty of the people and their varied circumstances . Remember the parable ef the widow ' s mite , and despise not farthings . j A permanent Defence Fund has been recommended by Feargua O Connor , the Editor of the Star , YeritAB , and man ; others . If such a fond bo deemed necessary , by all means let us have it ; but of all things , let us have a National Benefit Society , with its sacred . A or LAND ANZ ? LABOUR FUND , and ita General Fund ! If , my beloved follows ,

      fuither argument be needed for the necessity for the establishment of such a society , r / itb such fanda ; and If eloquent appeals are needed to rouse your dormant energies to the work , I wpuld refer you to the letter of J . Leach , of Hyde , in tha Star of July the 8 th ; to those of Isaac Hoyle , and James Williams , in last Saturday ' s Star , concerning themselves and fellow prisoners . There , hear human natura and human feelings speaking in nature ' s 1 language itself ; and let US answer aa becomes men !—[ by words and deeds It Brothers , —Prepare a shelter for yourselves against hastening calamities , which , even now , cast their shadows before ! When j the next Master ' s strike occurs , be provided with an asylum for the tnruonis ; and let the Master-class fight the battle of might and power themselves , and fall into the pit they dig Cor others ! ' i Your Brother , i Gracchus .

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      TO THE CHARTIST PUBLIC . Brother Chartists , !—Whilst I write I am sitting in decidedly tho meat prejudiced , bigoted , and priest . xidel&n city of the empire , surrounded on all Bides by political knaves , and hypojcritical pretenders to religion and philanthropby ; political quack * , and long-faced Pharisees—** roguea ingrain " , and cross-grained snarlers , who will neither do good ] themselves or permit others to enjoy their opinion ; Tories who might claim the palm for their peculiar attachment to present institutions ; and Whigs , who btq not a whit behind their fellows in bellowing , wheit they cannot have a share of the " loaves and fishes" ' stolen front tbe pO 3 r mail ' s table . Amidst this heterogeneous mass of sinners , saints , and quacks , here I pit , turning over in my mind what I shall write about ; or which of the patties deserve the first place in the ranks of the people ' s enemies . I

      I assure yon , my friends , I find it a perfect puzz o to decide ; and for that reason will take rather a general view of the entire ; and J as this "ancient and . loyal city of Bristol" has during the past week been the theatre of unusual proceedings , aud has gained some noteriety , I will , with your permission , just give you a brief outline of the occurrences which haa . G happened , commencing with Monday , the 17 tb instant ; . But before doing so , I will premise that although I have been an actor in tbe first piece , I do not insert it through any motive save that of shewing you the heal character of Che company who performed upon that occasion .

      I must inform you , then , that the Irish Repealers invited William John O'Connell to stir up fhe agitation in Bristol . Well , he came ; and a dinner was provided a « tbe sign of the Castle and Ball . I bad been , as also my friend Mr . Clarke ( a sterling Chartist ) , under promise to take two ] tickets ; bat when the auspicious day arrived , a gentleman connected with the demonstration said I conld not have them ; and be bellaved my principles were tbe objection . He , however , suggested that I might come after dinner . This I did not quite relish ; but having to return by the Castle and Ball after our Society ' s meeting , I couid not , although it was then tea o ' clock , resist the temptation " to pop my head in . " and have a peep at the " Inspector-General of all England , " who closed the Lodge againstt Mr . 0 Connor in London ; land here I will beg you to ; remember nearly all the { persons present were well known to me , and with many of whom I was on terms of intimacy .

      Before entering tha toom I sent up a note to a friend , asking if it would be improper to go In at that late hour ? This note fell into the hands of the Vica-Gbairmau , who was a son qf my friend ; and he wrote on ita back the words— " Verne to me ; I can't stir . " This I did , after paying a shilling at the door for admission . At this time a Mr . Johnstone , a member of the Complete Suffrage Association , was speaking ; and amoDgat other subjects touched upon tbe rejeotiou ol the Chartists by Repealers : j be defended their "honesty of intention" in coming forward in aid of Ireland , ami contended they were unfairly dealt with . Tbia evidently caused dissatisfaction amongst the officials , which was not abated by my solo" of "Hear , beav . " Mr . Johnstone then went a little further , and asked " What suffrage was to accompany Repeal ? " And I must do tbat gentleman the justice to state , tkat although ho knew aoch a question would expose him to a castigation , he boldly stood npsn principle .

      After Mr . Jobnstone came an Englishman , and he , poor fellow , chancing to say that " his countrymen would assist Ireland . " wai met with the remark , "I doubt it ! " The next was the Inspector-General himself ! who plainly told Mr . Johnstone " he most keep his peculiar notions of Chartism to himself ;" and although ho ( Mr . O'O would not speak harshly of the Chartists , he would , so \ helphimGodJ get Kepeal without tho aid of physical force or the Chartists ! Every man , like himself , connected with Repeal , had at tbe bottom much the same principles as Air . Johnstone , but , for cerlamreasonsfiept them behind tha back . During this time a papar correspondence was going on from the vice-chair to the chair , and yeu will presently bob for what purpose . [ I forgot to mention , tnatimy friend to whom I sent the note , came to me shortly after I entered the room , and said , " If you attempt to ) say a word here to-nigbt , I will be tbe first to have you ) turned out" ! My reply was , " I will not hurt Rspeal . "

      Mr . O'Connell having finished * his tirade , I rose to reply ; but , as if by magic , the Chairman was •< up to his eyes" in business , and MrlO'C . " believed it was the role , while business was transacting , speaking should cease . " "Of course you will hear me when you have leisure , " I replied . Yes ;? ' from the Chairman . I saw the " dodge , " and watched my time . Another note from the Vice-Chair , and I was on my feet ; aye , and so was every person present . I walked up beside the Chairman and Mr . O'Connell , ] and then a scene occurred which baffles description . I was alone aa a Chartist The Irish were about Bixty , ail middle claas men They crowded around the Chair , and hemmed me in . Some stood upon the seats to have a " Deeo" at thn Chartist

      My Friends , I w « Bpare you a recital of the struggle fit leave to speak , even as a private individual with the assembled despots . Suffice it to say , lhat O'Connell , in the name of the Liberator , ashed if the rules « f tke Corn Exchange , exoludiug known Chartists , should be kept inviplato ? to which he

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      received an affirmative from all but Johnstone—he , with true spirit held up bis solitary hand against it , fo which ho received a blow upon the arm from one who is more talkative than wise , and who accompanied his striking reproofWith the words , "Do you know what you are doing Johnstone ? ' "Yes , " was thereply , "but you do not" O'Connell threatened me , and shook his doubled fist in m ? face I and asked " Are you a Chartist , sir ? answer me yes or no—are you a Chartist ?" This was vociferous !? re-echoed by his now frantic dupes . I conld not fur the life of me taply , thero was so much obstruction , noisa and confusion . O'Connei

      kept shaking his fist , and the meeting hollowing , until at length , aroused by indignation , I summoned and felt 33 if it were a superhuman strength ; and conscious of ray integrity , I made myself heard to say , "If that bell pull was a gallons , Yes" J Qalcfe as thought O'Connell put a motion that I should not be heard—the bands were already up in approval , when I taught him that a Chartist knew better how to act in meetings than he did . " You cannot , " * I said , " pub that sir ! It is the chairman ' s privilege , and you cannot , must not do it" He then pat it through the chair ; and when carried I met auch music !

      Fancy , my English friends , that I stood as described , and-had to listen to the most awful groaning , yelling , and , hissing from my countrymen , nod for what ? FOR BEING A CHARTIST !! And for doing whst O'Connell would not do—sacrificing my individual interests and doing the little I can , without hope and without wish for reward . " Turn him out , " came next « Who dares 2 " I said . ( A voice ) " He paid Ms money . " One said , Ho can stay . " " No , " I said , " not with such na you , who fawn and crouch like slaves and retard yonr country ' s interests . "

      I left , my friends , insulted by even the very waitersone of whom I was near kicking downstairs ; but I did not go until I made the "representative of the Liberator" know I did not consider him a gentleman or a Christian , nor until I told the tyrant to remember the saying , Every dog has his day . And when O'Connor cornea here next week , I will make your coward consciences tremble for this treatment . " Before this , by the courtesy of the editor , reacb . 68 the public eye , I shall have done so ; I shall have told the men of Bristol , how William John O'Connell treated me for attempting to defend their principles , and they will have raised a cbeer for the Charter which will drown the yells of faction , and shake the citadel ot corruption to its centre in Bristol . Mr . Johnstone has since informed me that he received by an intentional accident , a blow of an elbow la the mouth , whilst clinging near my side ia the melee . of

      This , my friends , if ^ only a mere shadow what passed , and even this ts ' sufficient to shew yon that tho Charter is your first great object ; and that without it , we shall not bs ever able to silence the tongue of slander —or stop the progress of oppression . Therefore away with trifling ! let us to work , and eo snntnfar , until it becomes the law . When that day arrives vn will not have Princes riding in state under- triUTT . p'nl arches as in Bristol on Wednesday ; nor your money squandered upon foreign paupers whilst you are literally starving .

      ' The working men of Bristol gave the Pnnee a cool reception . The ladies are dissatisfied by hia want of courtesy * ¦ and all shades of Reformers evince symptoma of distaste for royal holidaying . Never was there an exhibition so little relished ; and even the Prince seemed to feel that the people were thinking about such things . He was vary pale , sat in the corner of his carriage , and yery seldom condescended to raise hi * hat from his brow even to the ladies . There are many thousands , I mu 3 tsay , of those who will never forgive him for what they conceive to be an insult .

      I cannot intrude on the valuable Bpaco of the Star , by communicating upon such subjects ; but will just add , if we had the Charter the people would have soinething . elseto do than waste their timo to swell such harlequin displays . The next item in the-week's business is the delivsry of a lecture in the Public Room , by the Rev . G . Solly . This lecture was got up by ths Complete Suffrage party ; and from my own knowledge I can speak of its result , by informing you that at one p&nny admission to the body of the hall the entire sum realized amounted to 8 s . 94 . l So much for " Complete Suffrage" in Bristol .

      This is the outline of a week in bigotted Bristol ; the next will be a glorious one . The prince of the people , whom tyranny cannot conquer or persecution dismay ; whose doctrines are truth and whose principles are justice , will be here ; and then all the saints , the sinners and the quacks will be taught that there is but ONE sovereign remedy for present political evils ; and that that remedy is contained in the jast and immutable principles of tbe People ' s Charter . I have the honour to be , brother Chartists , Your very obedient and faithful servant , July 23 rd , 1843 . W . H . Clifton .

      _ THE NORTHEBiTj ^ AB , j f

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      PARADISE WITHIN THE REACH OF ALL MEN , WITHOUT LABOUR , BY POWERS OF NATURE AND MACHINERY .

      Letxeb II . ' TO THE EDITOR . OF TUB NORTHERN STAB . . Dear Sir . —Every reflecting mind must perceive that the threo inventions enumerated in my last , — Gunpowder , the Maeinee ' s Compass , and the Art of Piuntiag , have changed the face of society , completely ; and that the deeds of an Alexander , a Cesar , a Tamerlan , and the lives of those million 3 whom they have slaughtered , are insignificant , ia regard to their influence up * n mankind , if compared with the deeds of tho inventors of Gunpowder , the Marinors Compass , and the Art of Printing . The human mind , having once broken through the

      darkecss of the middle , ages , with the aid of these three inventions , marched on rapidly in the way of improvement ! Invention followed invention ; but , with tho exception of the discovery , or rather appreciation Ol" STEAM POWER , and ivithiu a later time , tho investigation of elecxbo-magnetism , the inventions were merely improvements in tools , which enabled a smaller number of men to produce more and superior articles of wealth than a larger number could formerly accomplish . This endeavour merely to improve tools , misled men from tho real fount of invention , power ; power to drivetha machines ; power to handle the tools : power to do tho work .

      Etzler opens a new way to inventors ; or rather brings them back to the best way which they can proceed . He , combining an inventive genius with the acquirements of a philosopher and mathematician , has surveyed the powers of nature ; and clearly shown , in his 6 imple and admirable book , "The Paradise within the reach of all men , " that there is more powke at all times at our command , than is required to do ton thousand times more than all men on earth could effect in the same time with their nerves and sinews ! He has shown that there is sufficient power to produce in plenty all the necessaries of life , and to change our Globe to a moat delightful Paradise . After he had spent twenty years of his life ia observing and calculating , he cams before his fellow men , and thus announces bis discoveries and the result of his labours : —

      "Look . here , ye philosophers ; ye speculators ; ye who-seek the philosopher ' s stone ; ye who undergo all hardships and dangers , and traverse tho ocean from one extremity to the other in search of money ; look here , —a new , easy , straight , and short road tothe summit of your wishes is shown . ' —Ye , who ara tired of life ' s toil and vexations , drop your tool , pause a little , and look here at the means for a new life of free labour , full of enjoyment and pleasures ; collect your thoughts , and reflect with , the greatest solicitude that you are capable of , upon the means and ways presented to you for the greateafc human happiness imaginable , for yourselves , for the objects of your endsarments , and for your posterity for ever . "

      It-is harcily possible to invite in stronger language the attention of men , or to appoal more to their feelings and desires than Etzler did ia the first paragraph of hirf preface ; but mu . ny , who could not comprehend such promises , treated tbe matter as a mere fancy . This ho seemed to have foresseu ; for he at first said : — " here 13 no idle fancy ; no vain , system presented to amuse you merely ; no scheme for deceiving you or for cheating you of your money ; but substantial means for your greatest bappinesaare displayed before your eyes , in ai ' air , open , andhonesS way : no sacrifice , no trust , no risk , is asked of you ; nothing but tbe troabie to examine . If the author be in error—why , you will then discover it ; bofe if ha is right , then no endeavours , even of the greatest prater , will ba able to disprove the exhibited truths . " Id toe third paragraph he showed that he was not only an inventor but also a philosopher and philanthropist .

      •• Why gives the author his invaluable discoveries ta the . pnbit < 5 , which , if true , ho might soil for millions of dollars r-Or is he so simple , as not to kaow how to avail himself of his discoveries for hia best profit ?' lheseare questions you probably will ask . I will answer them ^ directly . It is because I want to sell these my productions afc the highest price I can get tor them , just as you do with yours in the market . JNOw , mere millions of dollars are too low a price for my discoveries . I want to sell them at a muck higher rate ; at the rate of seeing ail my fellow-men , and myself with them together , in the enjoyment of tne greatest happiness that humaa life js capable or . ; because I see there is no danger in it , the world b S . "Urge enough and having means enough for affording the greatest happiness that caa be thought of , notxraly for myself . and a few friends , but for all men on earth . "

      It was not his wish to monopolize machinery or to use his discoveries merely for his own advantage His aim was , and is to this present day , to benefit ; his fellow-men , and to live with them ia a state of peace and happiness . Etzler tried for several years to interest governments in his inventions , that they might become at once the property of whole nations : but he spsat his time and labours ia vain . He mat every where with an indifference from ihese who are at tho hoad of state affairs : Another proof that tha Governments of all countries are , at least , tGO ^ years behind their respective people . I am , Sir , Your obedieai e ? rvant , C . F . iJTOLlHEYEH No . 3 , Northampton Terraea , City-road , London , July 24-. ii , 1843 . ( To be continusi . J

      Untitled Article

      HOME COLONIZATION . LETTER XX . TO THE EDITOR O » THE NORTHERN STAR . SiR—The next point of tbe preliminary Charter to -which I have to call tbe attention of your readers , is—** Free trade in . Ml things with all the world . ' ? We have heard a great deal of the abolition of the Corn I 1 VW 8 , of tbe abolition of the Sugar Duties , and of tbe abolition of many other imposts ; bnt with the adoption of the previous measures that I have laid before you , none of 'which 'will be opposed after the people shall have once shewn themselves to be united , free trade in all things with all the world may be much easier obtained than any of these isolated and partial measures . -

      The fact is , that the present system is become so complicated , so intricate / and eo inadequate to the growing wants of the country , that every day shews tke utter impossibility of its being much longer continued ; and each attempt to meddle with it , shews the foliy of any partial measure of redress The question of supply and demand , is one that has puzzled the brains of a great number of persons calling themselves political economists ; some of whom have argued tot protective duties , others for bounties on exportation ; some for restrictions on growth , others for prohibitions from importation ; whilst none have taken the plain simple coarse ef demanding that "whatever is produced in any portion of the globe shall be freely exchanged for the produce of an ; other portion . This alone Bowever is the true baaia of free trade , and as soon as the people are a little more enlightened on the subject , this is the course they will adopt

      What but the extreme ignorance of man with regard to his own nature and interest , conld have raised np the various impediments which now exist to his enjoying those things which all admit may be mast liberally supplied if s ready means ot exchange conld be fonnd ? There la no event but what has been taken advantage of for the pnrpose of preventing his enjoyment , not only of the com / orts and luxuries of life , as they are called , but even ef everything necessary for his bare existence . This pressure upon industry must and will continue to a greater or less degree , according ta tbe strength , union , and intelligence of tbe varions sections and parties 'Which divide all society , until man shall be truly awakened to the idea of his being a portion of one great universal -whole ; and tbat his feelings , bis conviction * , his sensations , in fact his happiness or misery , depend npon the general amount of either that is produced . ;

      We may , however , rejoice at the prospect before us , of an adoption of a far anperior state of things , which may readily be perfected by the unSon of the people ; ana -which must sopn be effected , through the necessity that is daily pressing upon us for a great change . r The events of the last few years must shew to every reflecting jnind , that in proportion as the intelligence of the masses has been awakend on any particular subject , in an txaeQ ? eoxreeponding ratio . have they keen enabled to procure redress ; and it is very evident that

      at present they are > beginning to have a somewhat clear conception of ^ hat is for their benefit , which conception cannot fall to be enlarged daily . It is not my province to interfere with details . ; nor would I ever make io trifling an object as the repeal of the Corn Lavs a matter of agitation for the masses ; but 1 think , as a rulejthe piiuetple of free trade should be supported wherever it exhibits itself ; for there will never be any cause . to fear that BUCh a principle , -vb . es it has been fairly carried by public opinion , can afterwards be counteracted or become injurious .

      If the steady growing intelligence of tke main body of the people can be supported and extended , and of thiB there can be no doubt ; they will soon be led to discern tae means -whereby they could immediately , aDd -witboBt injury to any existing interests , terminate thepresent insane 'divisions which exist ; and by adopting an universal basis , Jgive to evfery individual member of society , all things necessary fur bis well-being . At the present moment nothing but the want of love for each other and snch an idea of the universal as -would make all seek the common happiness , prevents ihe great body of tbe intelligent of all classes from immediately " changing the aspect of affairs . Let them simplify their ; "wants by a total abstinence from everjthiEf that Is taxed ; let them write for the interchange of the produce / of their labr-nr , and if ftey can so far agree , fur its" production ; and , in proportion to tlie experience they obtain , they will likewise procure thfc knowledge and poorer further to progress in this allimpOTtatit \ sost . What is there that could nat Boon be effected by the onion of love , intelligence , industry , and economy ,

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 29, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct942/page/7/