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    OBGMIZATION . j ¦ Ws presniD 8 feat ij ibis time the people seed not Sol » informed thai irithoat Organization , they are utteaSy powerless , save for iheir enemies . Ths £ re-¦ gnsat and fneeessive eSbris -which tare teen mace forihe esJabli ^ aaent of a general and systemized dganizafion sheirsihat they are alire io this fact ; while ile otter faalnre of every plan yet acted on , sheTra egnaDy the difficulty of frarning an effective Organization so as to avoid the thousand meshes of file law , parposeJy spread io rarcnnivent it .

    In ova paper of April iite 1 st , Mr . O'Cossok published a letter to the people , in "which he presents £ he outline of a plan of Organization ; -which we Bowrsprint , because most of the other comnmsicafions on the subjeci which we hare promised to lay before onr readers , make reference to it more ot less , and some of Qism are mere comments on it . We vr ish io bring Hd 3 important matter "before the people — -nowfiiat we think Ihe time for doing so has arrived—in as "broad and effectiTe a Hew as possible we can afford to lose no light npon it . Hence we

    give the whole of Mr . O'Coxsob's plan , and of the emendations and alterations therein which others liave suggested , and their original hints and ideas on the matter , in one article , which , though , of neces sity , it most t > a longi will thos enable the reader to obtain afuller apprehension of ihe many bearings of fiie question . -Ehe following is 2 dr . O'Cosxob ' s plan from hi 3 letter . We request Epecial attention to the firsi paragraph , as it embraces a point of conaderaSon that should never be lost sight of for a

    momenta—« We & . & * £ & hats Tovcwr injustice with * T . T . THB "STEAPOXS "STtTB TTHICH THE L&TF JLB 3 I 5 13 , XEX . We annst begin to do It I have no sesitafcion 3 a saying that the lairs cf ~ EitglsBia \ if properly udmimdord , five tootc protection to fhe snl&ect than fiose of any cTher country in ike known tcorid ; XXV THEBEFOBE , W 3 S MtTST XOW DXBECT OUB . AXXXNHO 3 TO HTE 1 B TE . OPEB AD 3 n 3 ISTHATIOS ; and tins fienrable end Trill be one of She main objects of She new system tjf ^ man&gement that I mean to propose lor lbs prelection of our party , and the furtherance of our principles . J never did anticipate , and I ihlnfc -we Jjai iso light to anticipate that sn agitation lilie ours compost of so many elements , could ba Tendered complete , efficient , or even satisfactory , in its infancy

    KlJ WS HATE _ 1 SIGHT THAT OVS . XACHDtKBT , SrSCSTIBLE OP SO 3 LA 5 T I 3 IPB 0 TEHE 5 TS , SHOULD S 5 XA 1 > E AS yEABXT AS POSSIBLE SUITABLE TO snsTtsc ciBccaiSTASCES . That ia , Oat vhere Strttlsied triih fresh * zss 2 s 2 l , vx should strengthen ours £ ks in ihe assailable giarier , and tefcere opportunities present fhaasehxs f » r a -rigorous wove far such occasions , 3 tiCHISEBT SHOTTID BE IS BEADETKSS , DJSTJEAD OF PATSEtG TO BEFLECT TPOS THE BEST 3 IEA 5 S OT attack OB BEFE 5 CE . Could I then select a more fitting opportunity than ' the present for submitting to yon the mere naked outlines of . a project -which I have 3 HHP an contemplation ? We 3 rrsr be czsibaised —TTE atcsT bs L ' -XiTKO—M'e Hvust be prepared ; and , above all we tsast ~ be - Qionmabiy taavm io each o&cr .

    " I told yon , when in York CasSe , that -we had 2 ie power to erect a power stronger than oppresses—a public opinion Granger than had lairs . Now -we must haTe a place of oar < ywn to meet in , and -we must have a-complete carps for the good management of our affairs . 1 propose then to submit a plan to the Charfct body -when 1 shall iaTe xonsolted the leaden of osr party , for the accomplishment ol these pnrposea ; and of wnidi 3 > lan the following is b ^ ct the mere skeleton . * I saggest the prepriety ol taking a lags and comxoodiocB HaH in London , to 1 » fitted pB with all the neoessary cosreinences for holding public mBetingjs , and foxinzhed ~ v 3 h giiffgent spaztmEnta as-offices for con ^ nrting < mr pnffapja .

    " 55 » t an ExecutTre . conEsImg of fire paid members »^ T > be diosenaccordiiig to tba present arraugeiEei Hliat thirteen coTuidlEiea , zeddent in Loadon , be elected s . t pnKic meeticga . •*? hatlhe Gejieral Secretary shall here a permaBeaJ c&ss in the 5 » . t £ = 4 which shall alse be the ofice -ol

    theEieentiTe when they meet . "^ hat tha CiJaBcS ^ iall meet once ia eTery forim £ > Ti —sine to constitaie a -qnornai . « 32 jatthe » embeis of ths Ereca ^ jre abaU at-gen be Connctoen , and nay attend at -Cknmcfl meetiupi ^ cd take part in 2217 debate ; bcttiat they shall nrri tare a Tote as Coimcllsen . " Hliat the SsscoSse shall 1 ^ thsst books before Us Cossal si eyHymeeSng ^ " 35 at en Se first Monday in -eTery month a pnbB : XBeetxog of the CSarSsts resident in iondoa Ehkn -fcj IkM , and before ^ hich tee minntes of all proceedings of fhe Executive and Cwmcilcien sh&U be proposed Ssi ff ^ iG ni ' s tno ^ 1 - « That fhs Seereisry '* acconnla TbnT ? be audited i * y ten persons risked b ? iha Cotmdl belongiDg to tk « CSarSst body , but not members of fee Council , ont » in each month , and the decision of the auditors ehall ie made known to the monthly public i&eeihig .

    " Thatih&Secretary ^ e 2 be Tenjoreabls from oSk irpon a Toto being taken = £ a monthly meeting , of -whica s forbnghfa naSce , at the least , shall be giTea ; provided , after he * ra 3 g the -charges , two-thirds of the parsonsissemKed tiyin decade against Him—the Eiesiing tecossifit of aix hundred sem&exs at ihe least ; and in case the Secretary shell ba removed , the Council shaB appoint a sobtfStiBte pro issz . tmtS ssich rule as shall he agreed spon for ^ the . election of a new Secretary can be compEed niii . 3 fcai bo pnKis docantKii shall ie issued bv Hk : T ? wmKTO TsiHiD&fiist bemg sobmitiaa to j » foil BJeeSag of ths Ccnndl , -wiiea a majority cf the'sisole body—tin Esscn& 73 hsTing Totes—sludl decide whether or not the doccment shall be issued . « 33 iat the Erscatrre shoU ba resident in iondoc , aaS "Twffl recsare a salary of two postnfis per "west each . " Tb&lfke EsscriiTe shall Mtsetards -of memberaM ? . ^ id that eo cirda be transnuttsd to any locality aetil

    paid for . ""Thai a jCre 3 snr £ r stall bs appanted at the first monthly meeting , -srhs shsS giTe good security , to the amenst of JZl ^ O&Q , for the jest discharge of his office . " Thatnoseceipt bat that of ihe Treasurer shall bs Talidas a reoarptior any isonies recaTed , asd that a balsnce sheet of the expeaditare be sabliskfid on ths last Sataraay in « ray monai , -srhich b 3 i 32 ce stset shall be * nlEBitt 3 d to tbsugxt pabJicicseting , t ^ sSJ ^ "Witti tis ^ esk oi or tbeaQSitors . W 333 at afl lecturers BhalLbs appoiited by a Tote of the thntees councamenand tee Esecu&re , all having Tctes ; Maaatpnuted iEEtnicacHaahall be ddiTered to each tectarerJjH his ^ mesace . "Sat-when a lectEier is to be appointed , credej ^ als astafla £ tuess and charactw of csnrtMatea shall be tEEsnaJSedio the Executive from the locality in -which Ice tan cHd&ie lives .

    " Tiiat one half of all monies derived from pay assm § s cf the lecturers rf tbe AssodaSion , shall be tbs prepsr ^ of the local branch * of Ihe As £ oci 2 . tion -whsse E ^ a iectare » g > ° Tl be delivered , and shall be nsed for local purposes , and file © tear K » T shall be transmitied to tbe Creaeial Tre 3 Eurer for general purposes . w ^ bat bp ray Hieefing shall beield by any branch AssxasiloB , « cept at such lEeetisgs as are conTEEed to bear the lecturer , or souse person resident in the locality , and known to the public ; and that the system of cosvsiisg laeeSngB to £ sar pexsons cot irell tnow ^ i to the petyte be diH » untCTaac » a as jnusfc as possible . "Sst local lecturers shall be lemoveable in such Tmsner 33 the locality to -which they are appointed shsS deem £ t . and of sr&eh due notice abaB ^ Jw given to the Eseenirra and ConnciL

    " "Thitthe sereral leeUirers * jr * W attend to fhe enrahBent of members after each meeting ; aad the Secretary of the Association shall band the proceeds to the Sectors , taking his receipt , and ^ all write the result 1 % 2 H 3 t post to the General Secretary , and ihe lev inrer ^ sa ! l . by ths same post , ttaasnat the aiapimt by ¦ Dost-cfiiBe ordeai . " That all disontes shall be referred to the Gocneu , and shall not £ e published in any ne-srapapw , except With fhe coEenrrence of at least nine of the Council men , End as dravm irpby Qiem and having their signatures Efisad .

    " lira , the Council ana Executive * haH also epnnstituteE B ^ fsneeandTicfimPnnd Committee , and thstall gnsvaistes shall bo mbnrifcted to them , and by them to Mr . Roberts , -Bho , I have every reason to hope , -will in fiietTsit < d the plan being carried out change his xesi flence to London ; and ffiat no defence or proBecuiioD BhsDbe imderiakfin , exeept upon a written reconiHien fiaaon by Mr . Koberto to thaieflset . " That all letters rtc ^ IrSng answers , sbaD contain a pemypossgestamp ; EndthataHcosipIaintacf ntrglect of duty upon , the part of the Secretary or Execndve stall bs transmitted to Ihe Eresdest of the Council of-¦ fiSrteEn ,

    " Tint once in every quarter of a year , fca fenr membea ol fee Executive © ommltfcee , shall make a « irrtat of tbeccun&yfor at least one fortnight , one taiy } . ibe Xonh , another the South , another { he Esst , anoflier the West , and ol -which dne noSce shall be given . In sneii < sses fte members of fisc Executive *> rti ^ Te the aaditional txpences cf travtUirg &oai &b - «* Tti 3 l lotniUie to -which ibej are invited , fcoioms ia « aa icc ^ licy cne mcfetsng , and bo more . ' 2 J&-. 1 L # so 3 mcb of tbeuBdisested plan before J ^ a . Of f . 235 , 1 & 231 take counsel , aad look \ reD n ^ a tbe ^ - *\> 4 of every point ; as my objsct is to s ^ e GbanVta " a trln ? cf which nona need bs U ^ sU j £ ti 5 id . i th ^ sk ihe public mind is prepared for inch 2 £ * j : v 2 zJzT : a . 1 ^ fa ^ ths national stomach quite raablsts ulstsdnzit . _ .

    " We -penid azke our Hall a plzca for debsfcsg ps ^ -s qnssticss tsrica in every wcet , and thus f -Li an cppMtnniry for the developement of the sa ~_ - r ^ h » of the Trafcic ^ eassea . " 1 = > •_ - !! V * mos : fc = ppy to reedra any EugsEsboss 1 " ? - -v . th * siar , an- ? to bsve lbs asrijtsflce tf all S ^ cd v . - ~ , c * r . jicg cul this , our national object "

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    In accordance with Mr . 0 * Co 2 i » oii ' s invitation , and withasimBar one given Editorially , a ' nnmber of good men sent in suggestions , which hare been lying bj its waiting till the feverish aaxiety induced by the trials sbonld have subsided and allowed the people to bend their consideration fully to the HUbject . We now give in successive order those commnnications ; not entire , nor always in the words of the sereral writers ; bnt as mnch of them as is "to ihe point ** expressed , as far . as weinow it , in the shortest , simplest , and most forcible manner .

    First , then we introduce Mr . J . Raissley , of Lambeth , who suggests that , as the Executive are , on Mr . O'Cossob ' s plan , to be assisted by a council of twelve , an Executive of three might suit quite as well as one cf five ; and so save to the , country £ 4 weekly ; which money hs thinks might , be more usefully expended . On . this matter of pecuniary saving , Mr . B _ doss not place much stress j but he ihrow 3 ont the suggestion . Bnt hs insists strongly on the necessity of being exwedingly careful to elect : —

    " An Executive that we can implicitly confide in , in every respect ^ it is net enough that we hav e ApKcsimen —that we have ^ ood men , but -we ought to have really intelligent men -srbo have received a ^ w > d eflncatlen . Most persons are shy of signing papers on subjects which they donot properly comprehend ; and if such precaution is necees 3 iy for the preservation of an individual , how much more so must it be forthe preservation of hundreds , which ml&ht be affected by the indiscreet act of an individual , and that person the Secretary k of the Executive Council . "

    To obviate this difficulty bo ' suggests that Mr . Bobzbts be solicited to allow himself to be put on the Executive with a view to becoming Secretary , and ibat tbe Chartists make it worth his while in money matters to do so . Mr . H . G . Gajimagb says : — " There axe some clauses contained in tbe plan which in my opinion would rather impede thsn advance our cause . The Council of thirteen I decidedly object to , because it -will be falling into the very absurdities ¦ which every Chartist must , on cansideration , so deeply deplore . There cannot be a greater evil in tfee constitution of a society than for two separate bodieB to possess tfee po-wer to stultify each others ects . " I think , so far from the Executive beais subject to any other

    body , Ibey shonlii bs free to act , tubjeet only to one power—the people . If the members of the Association have full confidence ia the Executive , why should another tody exist , in which the people also have confidence , having the povrer , to undo everything the otfcer feas done ; as , according to the plan , would be the extct position in-which the Council -would b 2 placed , fin regard to the ExecutiTa . Thtsa is-one other suggestion I would throw tret : that is , instead of the Executive being resident in Xondan , they should perambulate those counties "which are as yet dead to the movement I know that if funds ¦ were at 00 ? disposal , we could brim » the agsicnltnral popdatioa into a union -with the oppressed manufacturing operativs . This might be done without incurring any "considerable expense , and the money -would toon be forthcoming from the new

    localities , who are ready to Join us if made acquainted ; -with oer objects ; it is not the manufacturing districts ! that require so much agitation ; they have already been I made to think and reason on ihe subject . Stern neces ; sity feas been theii scbcolmaster . Depend upon it , Sir , ( . there is nothing that despots so much 'dread , as te ss « I the sons of the soil acquiring a knowledge of their : rigJits ; and therefore 1 -would advise « very man who J kcrures to the hard working labourers to impress upon j 8 iem their right to tbe last * , in yosr observations on j - which , in common -with , many -others , 1 " heartily

    I agree . " j Mr . STAIiTMJC ® S 3 V 3 : — j " There are several minor items in Mr . O'Connor ' s Skeleton p ] aa , mchas giving increEsed / acil-f ties to lbs , Executive , for comraunion with ferge meefisgs of their I constituents , thecoEstituting the < jentral Bali a debating forum twice a -week , thus establishing a Nonaal ¦ Sshool for CharSst lecturers , "wonld doubtlessly fee of ' Sie first importauoo . The -wirele of tbe above iB practica . ble and can be done nsdsr our present O / gsaiza-, tion . "

    ; And iie preses Tery nrgestly for speed in making 1 all the-secesssry arrangements and getting te vroifc in good earnest . , Jir . ^ 31 . Goitos , of Birmingham says : — i * ' lisa of opinion that it -will be EEti-DemccraHc ^ o allow ttro-thirdfl of a meeting to disEiiss a eecrefcuy , ¦ say ths meeting Jis SOI— = 603 can hava tha power ol dismjesiog , may be in opposition to perhaps ^ 0 , 000 or more xaembera of the aasociaUon scattered over ihs ; country . Secondly , I think and thousands -will apreo ¦

    with me . that £ 3 per weet is too much for the Sxeec-, tive . Itiirty shillings , tha -wage of -the old Executive , is , I thk& plfiBty , considering the present depressed Etste of tbe times , asd fce low -wages "which -working ; men are receiving . Thirdly , And as regards ! tba Victim and Defence iFond Gomauttee , I hope fcr the sake ! of preventing any dispute , Mr . Koberts will not tare ' , the entire deciding -who shall be fit subjects to be ! defended , crvioe-versa ; but if Mr . -Roberts -thinks they : ought set to be defended or prosecuted , the- Council cud ' tha Executive to dEcdde nnon the matter . These are

    jny opinions uponsthe plan-: with all other parts I cor-. cordially ^ Maicar , and , as far as I can , -will endeavour to 1 carry tbeai into practical operation . I could Buy more upon the subject , but othera mnst have thoir ' say upon the matSBT . And , sow Mx . Editor , oeb -word to zny J fello-s ? ChsrtiEts npen one wcy of getting the fcaaefcifce . I It is a feaown fact , 'tSat min ? of them ars ^ sajing frooi 33 . to 4 s . o weei rant for their bouses . ITowj { for the , sake of a £ ^ ument and elucidating my motives ) say thr re are 1 . 00 C householders in Birikingham , ( which is a tr ; Ee ) in faTour of theCCiartCT ; and that ^ they'Bgreo as brothers osght , and « ank thwcaelves down t « 500 hoaseholders , s > t a rent of -ray j £ l 6 or £ 18 a-ysar , two

    families in 3 hosse . The feonse tsi'en in the-namecf one of tbe parties , the other living as lodgers , then yon have . 500 votas vfjtaout any extra expense . In fact , in iay opinion , t = rery great saving would be 4 ce : benefit , iedde ihe yi ^ ht ol vofeyr ; the said vote being given ¦ with the joirrt consent < of landlord and lodger , to tbe ¦ candidate whs they think fit . i feel satisfied if suck a ^ lan -was to -be acted upon immediately , in the nest Parliament , the People ' s Charter could be the law of theland . My ^ £ an of getting the franchise -would -work just as -well in tbe electioa of ths Town Council , and place tbe ns-hole Gorecmiffit of the country ccder tbs coatroul of ths s-topla . '

    Mr . IsiAc So ? , oes , of Great H « rton , near Bradford , says : — « 1 st—I ¦ wonld ask , -wil ] not tbe large and conuaodicms Hall ie London , with all the offices and fitfinge-np , cost snore than the pear Chartists can afford for ths convenience of the Executive , in addition to their ( ths Executive ' s ) £ 2 esch per weak . —2 nd , Are the thirteen CozmcilsiB rarident in Losdon , to be chosen hj tbe London Chartists alonef—3 rd , Can those Coundlmen be depended on to do the weighty -work assigned them ¦ without bairn ? paid ?—4 th , Can the ExecuSva- submit to being ear c ^ ao Conndlsien , and still be deprived of ¦ votes as Couacilmen ?—5 th , Can they , the Executive , as the representatives of the -whole nation , submit to the censorship of fee Council , not even being allowed to issue an address to their constituents without every word of that address meeting -with the approbation

    and sanction of every one of thirteen Conasilmen ?^ 6 tb Is a Xondon publie meeting a fit tribunal to make , or nnmclg ^ Secretary of tbe Executive of the National Charier Association t-& 7 £ b , WH 1 tha VErious localities throughoat the Empire comply -with the demand irade on them for the proceeds of all pay meetings?—Sth , Will the icealities refer all disputes to the Council , and submit bo £ b sides to be sHesced , except at least nine of the Gonncilmen , concur with one side , and even then the nine mnst set forth the affair in their own language , and sign fheir names to it ? and will all grievances be submitted to them that they may ba submitted to Mr . Booerfs ? Sth , Will J > ot the Gozmcil ~ hava zzn : ca more work to perform than iite Executive themselves , iaving a right at any time to examine the books of the Executive , and even the ehoosing of the ten auditors , ? and a power to veto any act of either tae Executive or any locaate ?"

    ; Mr . FEATHESsroa , of Worcester , after strongly ' nrgiug the importance of extending the movement ; in agricultural districts , as widely and as rapidly as posEiblej continues : — *• We must organise onrselves , and stand ready to lake advantage of all chances . Who can tell what atfay or ! an hour may bring forth ? And bow , brothers , 3 will ' proceed to show , that ire tbusJ prgaiase : and now let ! me stats that tbe plan I propose has nothing of nta > ness or xvceity about it . It has been and is fat ^ radford , &c ) carried ouS to a considerable extent in our 'body ; Biy only oijeet in fcrl . ging at forward v < no Is to * impress it mote forcibly npon ths different localities ; and to ihow them tfcs advantages ; they would £ srive from its adoption . The chief end and aim cf all Organization , I take to be , the developing of ' our hidden resources } with a view of bringing : them 1 to bsar unitedly'and advantageously upon the governing

    po-wer- It is clear that as leng as tre remain jdisorganised and dispersed in sections , "sre shall neyer attain fc portion bo as to finable nsto ad wiib . duSston and rffC ] o .-j-nnization must , tbETEfcre , follow hard : upon PKjpagaisdkm : or what we gather with &ieonehand , we £ hiU scatter "with the other . In vfofts on India , ¦ we isa- of a tree which flourishes In that country tallest the Banian tret ? and which is sometimes of szdh as extent that one tree will frequently shelter a thcsssiKl toreeaen . Tbe branches of thi 3 tree spread I in every fiirtcaon , and veben Uiey xeacha cartam dis-1 tancefrom the main trunk , they descend to the earA , tats roo- - and soon tpread into a tree as large as the parest one . They again shoot forth branches , which spread , . ' . ^ cend , and take root inifee same manner , im ^ l wbrfc acres are covered -with th&m . That , bro-! ihers , acst be our plan . We must ad from centres I In L . inii = 5 new districts , or orsanising old enes , wo

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    must fix upon some towns as a point d' appur , from which to agitate , and send forth branches into tbe surrounding villages and hamlets . All ihe places within a cirde of miles musl ie firmly -unitedby frequent delegate and council meetings ]; and ihe district musl be called by ihe nams of the oMi )' place within Us limits ; and these chief places -trouia again eleci delegates to a monthly coosty-. delegate meeting . "Under this plan , tha West Bidin ? of York would be divided into ten districts Tbe Keighley , the Bingiey , Bradford , Halifax ; Huddersfield , Leeds , Dewsjmry , Wakfcaeld , BarnEley , and Sheffield districts , each having incorporated with it the towns and Tillages around ; and each having its weekly delegate meetings . Brothers , would not these districts be towers of strength unto us ? To bring the plan more individually home , I will take & 9 town of Rochdale as an example . Suppose the good and true democrats—than ¦ whom theie are not a finei

    aefc in England , —suppose the democrats of that place to adopt this plan , Rochdale , as the chief place , would form tbe centre and give the name to tbe district The Chartists of Heywood . Littleborough , Whitworth . Siiar ? cioagh , SuoUand , and the other villages ( formed in Masses of ten / mould meet daily at each other's houses , snu at their weekly general public meeting T ^ onld appoint a delegate to represent them at Rochdale , when , each Sunday , delegates from each village , would mest and discuas all local business . I would divide the whole ceuutry in this manner ; and to crown all , I -would have an Emergency Committee' and a Rescsve Committee , ' each of five , elected by tbe whole country . The first Committee to meet on any sudden emergency ; and to be fos the time being an Executive Council ; and tbe iecond to supply the places of the first Committee , if , arrested or deemed unwortby . The * Emergency Committee' to sit in Manchester , and to meet on the public requisition of three districts . "

    Mr . Haenet , of Sheffield , writes : — " I am not so vain as to imagine myeel ! ( competent to draw up plans of organization ; ' but as you are about to publish hints and suggestions' you hove received from different persons , I sond you my ideas on one or two matters forming part of this all-important question . " That * money is the sinews of war' nil admit ; the necessity of a national fund none -will gainsay ; yet in this respect the old plan has been faund to be altogether useless . The constant appeals for money for Executive '—• National- Defence "— ' Local Defence' — ' Naticnai Victim '—' Local Victim , * and ot&er 'Funds , ' bus been one cf tbe great mistakes of our movement . One fund ought totbave supplied the place of all these .

    A National Fund is the one thing needful ]; and that fnpd adequate fcr all general purposes , viz ., the support of the Executira ; the employment of- a body of lecturers ; the saturating the country with Chartist tracts , placards , &c . ; iho defence of the persecuted advocates of democracy ; the- support of their families , &c , &e ., &c Such a fundoughtto—must be established : but how ? : " I an no admirer of the ] Organization of the ' Repeal Association ; ' but without adopting the odious classdistinctions of th ^ Corn Exchange , may wo not copy the good and leave the bad ? If three millions of shillings can be raised in Ireland for Repeal , why should not the same sum be raised in Engl and for the Chartec ?

    " My proposition , then , ia , that-every member of the National Association should pay & yearly contribution of one shilling , the shilling to be paid on enrollment , and renewed at the commencement of every year , and to be devoted entirely to tbs National or General Fund . T&o local- expences miRht be defrayed from the profits ct lectures ( delivered by lecturers paid from the general fund ) , voluntary contributions , collections at the -weekly meetings , && " Of-coarse , I « shall be teld that the thing is impracticable . ' Take the advice of Mirabeau , my friends , and never use ' that bleokhead of a word' ) ' the people are too poor , " &c . The people are poor ; but if fee people desire iiberty , "they must make sacrifices to -obtain it ; they Morass made sacrifices , but they nHtSfc make more yet ! | Th . e despotism of a thousand years ' growth is not to b ^ cast down in a day ; nor will the gold-cased monster be = olain wife a few balls cf capper . Our enemy , l&e ' . ' Bkody Clavsrs " , nrost be met with silver builds f ¦

    " Three and a half million ! signed the last petition . Were the pereons who gave their ramee , Chartists 1 Were they in eariieet ? If Bt , Burely out of the three and a half millions , one million might be found to give a shillings year—Jess ( hawa farthing per twafc , forthe Charter ! " A nttilicn of thillfngs would be kitty THorsAUD rorsDs . I question if thsre could not easily be found a millioE of profeasing Cbtrtists , -cfto , bt / tHe abanaonmad of . pipe ami . pot , could pay their fchiUinga , and bs greet gaineroas welL O'Gennell demands three millions of shillings to achieve his otjsct . Give to Chartism but one million , and we'll make-cuch a breach in the trails cf corruption that , without -waiting for onr Etsnuing , the jparrisen shall-be g ! ad to capitulste .

    ** Dr-on ens otner poiat I -wish to say a word . The system hitherto pursued of enroL'iag members has been fir too I 2 X . The factious and the immoral ha ? e as easily obtained admission into ear ranks as tho fconeat sod the virtuous ; The treacherous factionist and druEt « n debauchee hsvo both'pestered us in Sheffield . Expulsion W 2 S the prompt but unpleasant remedy . Wo have for somo time p » 3 t a-7 oided the evil by having all candidates for admission nominated a week previous to their enroiknont , and the qaction of thur admission decided by ballot . The disadvantages of this system are "that lecturers and active agents of the body ( performing similar clatiec to those of the Repeal Wardens ) would be erippled in their labours of s t rengthening the numerical force and funds of the general body . Might not the advantages of tha old plan and that now in force in Shrfiieild be combined , by the r . amee of all

    percDcsffi-EtRj / their iLi'lings being taken at any time , reserving to the Ucal ineetings't ' he power ( by ballot ) of enrolling orrejecting as they might see fit ; in the OVCnt of rejection the shilling ot eoxuse to be returned' ? Or if there -would be anything illegal in this modo of enrollraent , would it cot be wetl that v / hilo all persons paying their shillings were admitted 4 o tho general body , that all local matters ahould be transacted by local aodaties , distinct from , aad independent of , the Natiocsl Aesociatibn ; and with the affairs of ¦ whiet no mtnibers of tte rTatioual Association could have anything to do ^ nliBB oiec ted tbereia by ballot ? Sa < i : a system would , I seppose , bo legal ; but any system ( not absolutely ia violation of tho lav ?) ¦ whish afforded a protection to the sealiy patriotic end virtuous deniws&t from the contamination of despicable ruffiana who aro occasionally to be fonnd desecrating the name e £ Chartist , TF&sid be stcScient . *'

    Some of ihe parties who hare favoured us with communications , adweate modes alJcfietber-difidrent . Of these , Mr . Geod . CE HlXlOK , op WxLv : os . ju , sayc : — I think an annual Conference of delegates should form a part of our plan of Organization , to assemble alternately in Manchester , EirminghEm , and London , ia the first 'week ' . in May or June . I am sura tho greatest advantage would result from * ta labours ; it would give life and Energy to tbo movement The Conference should take notice of all matters relating to ihe well-being of the aBsociatioH ; they should give micb

    advice and direction to the people as the timea may re-Quire ; sad generally on all subjects relating to thek moral s&d physical condition . The Executive Committee Ebsald make a full report of their labours to the Conference , together with an account of all monies received end expended by them . Instead of a fixed weekly payment by members , which many talented Chartists object to , I would have each locality to make a collection at its weekly meeting is the first week in each calendar month , and the whole cf the .. money collected be remitted to the General Treasurer of tho Association . "

    Mr . Joseph Fieth , of KeJghleyi thinks a plan of Organization should be drawn up and published for the instruction of the people ; and he gives the following hints towards it : — " First—The nation shall be divided into divisions and districts . " Second—That the society shall be governed by a President . Vice-President , Secretary , snd Treasnrer ; the said officers to be ; elected at the yearly meeting same as the Executive . " Third—The divisions , or ridings , shall ba governed upon the tame plan as theabove . Fourth—Districts to be governed in a similar manner . So that I nay fee better understood I will take the West Riding of Yerkshire for one division ; and

    Bradford , with Greatand Little Horton , Lidget Green , Clayton , Thornton , Manningliam and Shipley , shall complete one district . " Now let every part of the Organ zation be explained under its pteper head ; thai , ia to say " First—What is tba business to be transacted at the yearly meeting ? "Seeond—What are the duties of the President , Viee-President , Secretary and Treasurer , and the Executive ? Third—What are the duties of President , Vicepresident , Secretary , and Treasurer of a division . " Fourth—What are the duties of President , Vice-President , Secretary and Treasurer of a district . " Fifth—What areithe duties of the ofHcers of one

    single Branch or Association . " Sixth—At what time of the year shall the yearly meeting beheld . " Seventh—All the division meetings to ba held on one day . " Eighth All ti . 3 district meetings to be neld a fortr eight before the divisions meetings . ¦• Ninth—The district meetings shall be held a- fortnight before the divisions meetings . "Tenth—AU D ' stricfc Secretaries shall make ont a

    . quarterly report to the Divisionor Ridiwg Secretaries , of alt the monies that they have received ia their respective Districts , and the Division or Riding Secretaries , shall make out a quarterly report unto tbe General Secretary of all the monies that has been received in their respective Divisions , and the General Secretary shall make out a quarterly report of all tkat has been received ~ bj the society ^ such report to be published in iheXorihem star or otherwise . *• Eleventh—What la to be the -weekly sllo-ance . " Twelfth—What is to constitute a ehare . "

    Untitled Article

    A number of other writer * connect the Land question with their ideas of Organization . Of these , ; Mr Thj ^ s Bond , who dates from Richmond-Etreel , Soho , London } s&vg : — t 0

    m « J ^ PpW 8 eo a new organizJtion recommended , and that the Land question will be considered . I &opa some mode will also be adopted to give all who are desirous of depositing money with the offlcars of the Association , every facility to do ; so , and withdraw it waen required . I am certain great good will be done . " ¦ ' , ¦ ¦ . The CflABiiST 3 op KoNLEY ,, in a letter through theiT Secretary , saggest that a ; clause be inserted in the Or ganization to the effect * at every member of the National Charter Association ( i ? ho is able ) pay one halfpQnny per week , to be devoted to the purchasinj : of land , implements of husbandry , &c . Houses might bo erected upon the Land when bought

    as residences for thoBo who might be employed thereon , aud a . sound-headed practical man placed at the head , to give a proper direction to their physical energies . They are anxious to see some practical plan of this sort put into operation . They believe that it would prove a great auxiliary-to our cause ; that it would serve as an asylum to persons who might become victims to the present system of injustice through their advocacy of tha cause of right against might , and that It would inspire the people ' s advocates with courage and resolution to combat with tyranny , when they knew that they had something to fall back upon as a protection .

    Mr . James Bbanton , of Manchester , referring to Mr . O'Connor ' s plan of a Chartist four-acres farm Community , on which he supposes ten shopkeepers to he located , dissents from this idea altogether , lie thinks the shopkoeping class an evil in society , wilich ought to be discouraged ;; and ho suggests : — " That ih lieu of ten shopkeepers proposed by him , in his letter on the land , of April 29 th , one surplus labour-exchange store be established , where all , or any , of the four-acres farmers may deposit their surplus produce , giving them a book , or cheques , for the same . If in cheques , the same to bo taken in exchange fur any commodity the farmers may want to the valua 0 / their cheques . ; ¦

    " I calculat « there would bo a large amount of surplus produce from 250 four-acres farmers } and a considerable quantity of the surplus labour of others required in exchange by them . The cheapest way of obtaining which , woiild be to take , a wiggon load , or loads , as the case may be , to the nearest and best market , and dispose of the same to the best advantage ; and at the same time-purchase with the money thus obtained such attic ' , at tbe first hand , as these farmers may require ; and the per centage allowed by the wholesale dealers would pay ths cost of transit to and from tho surplua labour-exqhange store . I would further suggest , that all men placed in trust in this store should be servants , aud receive wages . " Mr . J . H . Clarke , of Leibury says : —

    " Never was I more truly gratified than on the perusal of Mr . O'Connor ' s first letter on tha Land two weeks uie « e . Couvinced aa I am , from considerable cxperienc * , jlhaving been engaged in practical agriculture for fif teen years , aad surveyed sis parishes for tho commutation of tithes , that Uie Bubjectisoneot tiio most momentous investigated , and more important than any yet discussed by the working classes , and ono in which the ? are ^ noro deeply iEterested ; «• Whyi if wallow a moment ' s reflection , we discover that ail labour expended is manufactures , auch utannfactnrea being exchanged fsr the natural products erf other notions , ie , in effect , expelling or exporting ¦ the whole value ) of toe labour Be applied , end lessening

    the f > eneitd aggregate wealth of the country , by ths amount -of the exports so exchanged . But if Mich labour were expesded on the Laud , the individual wealth of millions and , of course , the aggregate wealth of the nation is iccreRsetl by the price of the whole-amount of such esport ? . This applies tc all imports intended for exportation when-converted . The meano of Jemplffying labour en the land would 'fcs increased annually by tbe wholeprice of such oxports , end as ¦ ft consequence , - * priori , would be invested in improving the'Ofipabnities of it , end thereby wtuld the we<h of all owners and occupiers be iucreaeed in nes . dy the Batne proportion aa the transfer of labour from manufactering to iraproving the-Iand was effected . The first business of a people -is to look after their oto interest

    in their own country . Without tbedr produeisg tht'ir own { ndependenoe really , aa well as nomiBCliy , by depending on tbeirproducts of : thek 1 labour 5 Zry . u their owu Ian 4 , tfeis cannot bo done . T « depend on exotic supplies 6 $ food is AWli-rBtionaV dependence , instead of narional iadependenoo . All labour expended on exports more than is expended on the iciporta returned , is juai bo mueh wealth lost to the nation , which labour would tECreasa the . permanent progorty of tija ppopk if applied to tho laad . Tbg more the subject of live land ia investigated the roots will it 3 imment 2 importacce be iniiisputably e&tabiished . Mr . O'Oennor has mcrde his calculations much below the capafcilitits of tha land . I . i this project failure is impossibla I come to this conclusion by actual experience , "

    Mr . Jons CoLQUEOCN . of Glasgow , in a letter to Mr . O'Cosjsor says :: — " Your prepoaal to * blend the social and # olifcica ! cha racter" > y uniting tbe qu . siion of getting UzZ peopki located upon tho land with the movement for the Charter , hasbeen rapturously received by the vest mass of the popple in this quarter ; ia « horfc , bo far as I have Had an opportunity of judging there is but oneopinion upoa the subject , namely , that the land in the only means by which the people can be saved from the avaricious grasp of fortune-hunting mauufirtturers , bankers , stockjobber ? , aad pll other ciaBSts wlio fatten on the present degrading sjstam .

    "> 3 ou say yosr present plan can only be expsrimental . In that I entirely agree with you , Without a l-jgislative enactment the great mass of tha people will never be provided for . ; yet itk of the last importance that practic . il proof should be glveu of a definite measure by which iho jgmit body of on ? working population cac be raised froai their prsstnfc degraded condition , so tbat the desponding con of toil whose ftture . prc 3 pecta are glouiay tnd heartranding , wbo has it not inrbsa power

    to msie provision against taisfertuns , infirGiity , aad Old Bg 8 ; Who possucees uu means of protection agains ; ths caprice of a n 6 ' . d-hunttsg empScyer , aed who cm see no ; means of relief , iGimo'Jiate or prospective usder present existing circumstances : to such , Sir , yonr plan if ( Supported , as I hop $ it will be , by t&e intelligent , EeE ? -respfficUK ( -:, and slave-abhoriaij portion of your fellow countrymen :, holds -out a haven of . rest Bga » 24 fc the deraou Mal&ueinn sWrm of battile , QodinEult-ing , man-debasing nz&em .

    " Yea any ' ike question a ? first prisci ^ Ios , will find so room ia your l ( jtu ra . ' Here j as arc right ; you bavtihitberto steered clear of these shoals . I trust you will in future . The growing inteliigenca of an injured people is a sufficient guarantee n&iinst tho iurbads © f prejudice or fiuperotitioa to teadi mon it is Uieir inljerent ri ^ lit to thick and act according ; to the dictates of their own minds , so long as tbey < 5 o not interfere with the rights of . others . -Convince tbtth that it is a moral crimu to give ttnneccssarilj / tbe eiiglstest pain to ottksrs : then , , an < l uot till then , will tbe human family enjoy that felicity which originally jpiosipted tha formation of civil compacts . '

    " Tee most sarious atteuiion of every lover of his country ought now to be directed tovrarda tue great , the god-like ' object of getting th <* people placed on the land . Lot a devoted effort be made to give proof of its practicability ; and speculators of every dtsuemination will be compelled to live by honest induutry ; and their blighting schemes , by which tens of thousands have been reduced ta worse thttii Egyptian bondage will be put an end to . " You suggest four acres us tbe amount to be alloted to each . This point I consider must , to a Cfcttain extent , j be regulated ; by the quality of the soil . For instance , i

    I know farms in the West of Scotland pay £ 1 fis , per ao » e . I know other spots paying ¦ £ 0 . Tiieta may he considered extremes ; still it proves the wide diffarence in the value of land . Fine rich ; soil , with au open bottom , suitable for potatoes , turnips , carrots , &e ., must always bear higher f « lue than a bare clayey land , cultivated to the highest possible degree . Basieles , tbe situation ' of the land alters its value immensely . I do not mean aa to its proximity tp towns . I speak of its geographical situation , which will , independent of tha natuio of the soil , evenly regulate its power of production . :

    'I shall at a future opportunity , enter more fully upon the point . I consider this tba more necessary , aa I know that ] tfoo laud in your native country , and in most parts of England , is much more productive than that in the North and West of Scotland . " An Oid Radical of Glasgow thinks : — " The Qrgftaizjttpa should be under the controul 3 nd guidance ot a Council similar to the Complete Suffrage party . In this they have surpassed the Chartist body in wisdom . Lut D 3 not be ashaised to take of theirs

    what is good , and reject what is bad . The business conducted Un | er a large body , as Councillors , prevent these heart-burnings and . vain ambition in some , and splenetic feeliipgs ia others . We aft know a motion bf an individuallno sooner becomes a resolution of a body of men , than' it obtains quite a different appearance with the public , to vrhom it becomes like it law to obey ; the individnal proposing it 19 lost sight of , ana the resolutions becomes the act of the body ; not of one alone , but thelwholo Council , as it were , so to speak , "

    A writer who signs Jcmcs proposes : — 1— " That the Chartists reorgan . zi themselves immediately , under the appellation oi " Tbe Land of England and British Charter Association . 2— " That twelve directors bo appointed to conduct its affairs , namely , tbree trustees , three treasurers , three auditor , and three Eecretaries , the latter to be paidoffiseie .

    Untitled Article

    3— " That one million of membera be enrolled with the least possible delay , and that they subscxibs weekly one penny each . ! 4—•* That persona of both sexes of all ages , and of every daea , sect , or part / , be allowed to become snbcriberB : the only qualification being , a regularity of and acting in conformity Jto clause the 9 th . 4— " That the million of penceor £ 4 , 000 thuswaekly subscribed , be immediately expanded In the purchase of freehold estates in various parts of England : no two consecutive purchases being made in the same county . 6— " That such estates ] be immediately divided Into four acre allotments , and & cottage not exceeding a cost of £ 40 or £ 45 in its construction , be built upon each . I 7— " That each subscriber gives at the time cf enrollment a card , containing his name and address to be put in a bag appropriated to the county in which he resides . j

    8— " That upon completing a purchase ( which would occur every few days throughout the year ) a prop erly appointed party should draw from the proper bag , the required numbsr of names , and the patties answering to the same , be duly apprised of their election to hold the allotment ] 9—" That the allotment or farm be held under a properly constructed lease £ or 099 years at a rental of 20 s . per acre . J 10— « That members elected to ocenpy the allotments , do so within a specified period , or allow other moaxbers to take their turn . j 11— •« That members leaving their allotments cannot dispose of the same to any persons but those belonging to the association . j . 12— " That a statement of the society ' s affairs comprising its receipts , dis ^ uraments , &c , be made to appear weekly la the Northern Star , or such other periodicalas the directors may think fit to appoint . " r —— ¦ ¦ —j —— -

    , ^ - —_ — : — - - — 1- — ^ w * t The letters of M GkaCchus" and of Mr . Gaxpin , our readers , of course , [ know all about . In reference to them , James Macmierson , of Aberdeen ,

    writes thus : — " The great object of the present struggle being to increase the sum of human happineas by securing to every member of socioty the most perfect and even ' handed justice : and as this can only be effectually done by every individual having a voice in the making of tbe laws by which all are ! to be governed , so tbe great energies of the masses have been directed toward that object , as it is found embodied in that document called the People ' s Charter , j *• Eut as the struggle for the 3 e rights has now b 3 en continued for about fivdj years , and tba attainment of them is still apparently ) at some distance , it wald be wisdom in those engaged in that struggle , that whilst they continued their exertions with unabatad

    z : al and vigour for the attai-.. men-t of the Charter , yet at the same time to look I and see if the attainment of some of tae advantages ; expected to flow from that measure be not ai present within onr reach ; and ia iny opinion , a little rsfioction will soon satisfy the diligent inquirer that much is -wjitbin our power , even aa the law now stands , and that if we can duly prevent the enactment of new laws , ] made expressly ou purpose to apply to the working classes alone , a courso of action is still open for us , whicb ., if puroued , will insure , in less than tun years , our complete regeneration— morally , pby-8 icxlly , socially , awi politically . Eut indeed these are intimately connected and blended together , thaS before you can effect permanently and well any one of these objects , you must necessarily have accomplished all the others . \

    " And it appears to ine that it is under this ecnvic ; tion that these plans of ij-lr . O'Connor , Mr . Galpin , aad Gracchus , havo been brought before the public . So far then we are ail at one : namely , that something practical must be done . The only question to be Bolved is v . hzi that shall be ; and in tUis I agree fcitb . Mr . Galpln that the benefits to be derive ^ must be clearly and distinctly seen . tmi-varsal , and of sufficient magnitude and iniport-8 . DC 9 , and the means of j prcisur ing them evident ; bat I go farther , I . eay that it must be within the power of the perties themselves to accomplish , without trusting to others for assistaeoe , and that it mast be of general , immediate , and anraltkneous application to all its supporting members . It is also niyYull and deliberate

    opinion that n © extensive support can be got tc any scheme which is not under the effective controul of its immediate supporters , lor in other words , that the expsniive machinery necessary for conducting a c&ntraKsed natiomU movement will not be supported , and mere especially if Buch Centralised machinery -were to be placed under the ( direction of an irresponsible head . Seen a courca is , in my cfpinion , diametrically opposed to the spirit 61 Democracy ] , which consists in the mU of the people flowing f ? oi | i the extremities toward the <« ntre , Whsre it may be either concentrated in the per ton of an individual or number of individuals , to whom the will cf the nation gathered together from til its channels nnd ramifications would become law .

    . " But tie course suggested by Mv . G-alr > ia exactly reverses tha principle , by causing tha will of the individual tc become the law of tbe nation . Instead of the povror .- and wili of £ he nation flowing from the estraneties towards the jeentro , and beracj tbera ferased iuto laws ia accordance with that « U 1 . thti ? lav ?* would , by the plan proposed by Mr . GalpiR , ba mere arbitrary emanations from tbo will of tm ir dividual over whom ttey had no controu ! . True , they might raruove him ; bet so leorj aa they oonthraert under ijucb a sj 3-Uiin , sach remarals would be nothing mora taaa a

    mere change of d 3 spots . | "Bat Mr . G . iJpin has saii , that an indivUual placsa in euch an unfettered ! position lie ho hat described , ¦ with al ? the resources and energies of the ar asses at his disposal , and endowed witfc a mind aud will capable of regenerating niasiiiod , wocld make a mucc more rapid and steady progress to ' wards that end , cL&n if it depended on the conflicting opinion of a great nuwfoer . But aver , graatiag all these great and gcod qaiHtics , necexsavy for suck a purpose , whleii are csarceiy hi l ^ e found ic' any icdividaal , yet Mr . G . meat be aware that if .-ths imman mind is forced on faster than its

    convictions . Bdmit of , let tho objects for ^ nich has thus suffered violeaee be of themselves evor bo good or desirable , , yet the moment that the impelling power is removed , st will-remain ctationary , if , indeed , ratiosressi » n ¦ does aottake p ' lace . And of this wa nave an sximplu ir tlie advances acd progression is c ' viliz ^ tioii and roflReniont f « "ced | on the Bassians by Peter tae Surest jTit Using generally allowed that t ' . ie Russisais tave rotaskied afcaiionnry as to eivilizition or improvon .-. ent sinc&feUe death oflthat individual . " Now , although fewj will doubt but that tbe progress made in huaiarising tha Russians by Pater was greater than if o pablic | opicion in favour cf the progression bad r £ rst to-iiave bean created ; yet , if public ^^ - - — . -- j -- *» —»—— —— - — - —

    ^ opinion in -favour of these ptincipies of progression had firafc been crested , { although aaob impsovement woii ! d have beat somewhat longer in taking pl&ce , yet O' > ce having begaa , they would have gone en in a muck more natural and steady maaner , and would ha , ve « till continue * to advance in an « qual if not au increased ratio , aud could not have suffered much by tae dstrh of an individual . My opinion is , that dependeiica on individuals has hitherto been the bans of jasnUin ^ ; as , however much good an iodivi'duiil c . ay accomplish in bis life , it generally stops at his death , unless bct ' ias established | a principle , which must rise i : i a great measure Euperiior to individual influence , and depends far its success on the simplicity of tho agssts by which its great ends are effected . "

    Mr . Da $ w Ross writes thus . - — " As far as I have traveled I have fsnnd the people auKtously looting forwaril to some such practical developouient of cor principles as would yield to them soirns true advantage—^ 3 omo positive good . Men are tired of onceARing notation ; ofagaia retreading the same devious path of uncertainties , only to be again attended with fatara disappointments . ] Hayirig learned so muclj of the opinion of the public , I have ventured ( in tha courso of niy lectures for the 2 ast p ' x months ) ( p Isy down certain piaus ft . t tho obtainrnent of small plots of land . upon tho plaa of Home C ^ lon ^ zjfcion . In evsry locality I found the people moat willing to embark in this good undertaking . I havej hitherto confined myself to [ ftc . neral retnarKa upon the subjsct , bslievins tbst as i

    soon as tbe trials terminated something would bs done . That time has now arrived , and I fiad myself called upon ' for come explanation , more than I am at present able to I give . I don't wish to lead the public mind astray , by j giving ray own unwarranted opinion . I want some authority ( better than my own ) for what I do . We ¦' must have order in all oar arrangement * . Wo . mast ' have one fixed point to which , to steer ; and being , as I j am , isolated and cut eff frojm all communication with . those parties who might etee enlighten me upon this j . subject , I am led to cope that you will afford me such information relative to the , plans about to be adopted in furtherance of ths great djeeign , as well as the means to be employed in carrying put tbe same , as will enable me to discharge my obligation to the public in a beceai-

    ing and useful manner . " By making a bold and vigorous effort I believe we can place Caanismiu suchaposition us to claim respect ev n from its veij enemies ; but this can only be effected by demonstrative proof of its general utility , nor can a better pian ba demised for ameliorating tbe present condition of ihe unemployed , than by placing as many as possible upon the Land . * With Mr . O'Connor ' s jplan of the new Executive Committee , its duties aad obligations , I entirely concni *

    I moreover think the plan for superintending tho labours of the lecturers an admirable- one at the present time . I hear frequent complaints relative to the evil ef allowing men to perambulate the JBoantry , without authority and without invitation , fro mft&e committees . Nor does the evil rtst her *}—for It la possible for men to palm themselves upon tte public , jwho were never identified with the movbuient ; and yei the Chartist cause will be bald responsible for whatever errors they mey commit whether intentional or uot . j "» ' in conclusion I may IfteLise add , that if eomespecud instructions were tivan to each of our lecturers I think the valuo of their sepices would be enhanced very considerably , and the cause materially benefited tEl&rODJ * f We now introduce , and commend to especial consideration , the Mow ing soiWle , rational , and well written letter , from a gentleman whom wa believe to be as trua a pafriot as lives . We give this communication , entire : —

    Untitled Article

    — * ¦ * . -1 . in 1 __^^^ m— ^ mm ^^ mmm ^^ m ^ mm *^^^_ a OBGAJflZATTOl * . . TO THE EDITOR OF THB NORTHERN STAB . " london , April 3 , 1843 . " Sib ,-1 have read with interest , in tbe last number of your spirited journal , a proposal to . unite tha people of this country in one voicei to obtiin the Charter , a . 3 a means of political emancipation ; and I believa that nothing less than such a union will induce ths tjovernment to listen to the people , or make an eff * ri to protect them from increasing misery . You invite your friends to offer their opinions of the plan proposed and make suggestions ; and though you may perhaps esp ? ct that all such observations should be strictly confined" to the political bearing of the question , I beg leave to offer a few remarks on the general bearing ot the union , and the end proposed ; my object being to strengthen the movement by harmonizing different } opinions in one general concert of principle .

    ?« It is acknowledged by all , that the people have been weakened iu their movement , by divisions of opinion on minor and secondary questions ; and if this could ba pretfinted for tha future , the result would be important ; and therefore I propose to Mr . O'Connor , and the Chartist body in general , that the plan of union should ba made aa comprehensive as possible , that all who ara sincerely devoted to the interests o £ the labouring pao- * pie , may unite as one phaianx of an industrial army , determined to obtain their rights as men , and to protect their only property , their labour , against the silent invasions of monopoly in legislation , and machinery and land . This union ia not to fee obtained by sinking differences of opinion ; for peopl 9 will not sink these differences : bui ; by harmonizing them , in toleration and a liberal spirit of concert ; and this may b 9 effected by stating cleatly , the ONE great principle ia which they all agree , and the various secondary queatiens on which they should agree to differ witaoufc weakening the union by thf-se differences .

    4 believe that all agree with regard to the CHARTER as a MEANS of obtaining the people ' s rights !; andl the LAND is the END they have in view , when tha Charter has becoina the law . I propose then that the United Chartista of Great Britain and Ireland / should state to the world , the nature of the Meana aud ot tha End they have in view ; that men of property , and timid puople generally , should not regard ; thd Chartist body as a party struggling for power to disorganize society and introduce a r 6 ign of terror . *• i shall cff « r no remarks on the Organization of tha Executive , as I have no doubt that Mr . O'Connor and I his friends will do that part of the business well ; but I I will state my views , with you permission , cf what should I fee incorporated in tke general plan of union ,

    particularly with regard to the END all huve in view—the elevation of the people . Hitherto , the agitation . for the Charter has been too exclusively political , I think ; and , BhoUld be now enlarged to a universal scale of action ' which includes religious , social , and industrial improvement . For this End I propose , then , that the pcopia of Great Britain and Ireland form one general union , or a peacefully united industrial army to destroy all false monopolies which are injurious to the'intereats of the labouring millions , who have no other property in tha world but that of mental or manual labour ; nod I further propose that this industrial army of psac 9 should be formed of various opinions , rallied , in particular bodies , round ONE general standard , as different corps employing different weafoas , artillery , rifles * swords and bayenets , rally round one military standard in national warfare . The one general standard of this peaceful industrial army then , to be the CHARround

    TER and ail the different sects of opinion to rally the standard , to fight the peaceful battle of opinion to obtain the people ' s rights . The Charter is t . he nrst thing to be be obtained as a MEANS to an END ; ana all parties are to a&itate for this before they make a general effort for a further object . AU should agree untoimoualy on this ONE point , the first in order of time and unity of action ; the political part of tha greafe battle of the people against monopoly and slavery . On this , aU can a grte , and should , and I hope -will-Now comes the question of disseisees with regard to the END of the first great movement of the moral army : for tho Charter will only put the people in possession of the citadel of legislation ; and when they have gained p&ssessioa of tint citadel , the battle for the Charter -will be over , but not tue tattle for tha social , and regions , and industrial elevation of the millions ; and the Generals or

    tho great industrial peaceful army of the people , now about to be re-organizad , should lay down their pi <* of the whole campaign from beginning to end , that tna victory may be final , and the people thoroughly emancipated from political , and social , and industrial degradation . The citadel of legislation may be stormed , th « n , morally , by one massive phalanx of opinion und * r the banner of the Charter ; but different co ^ na must be formed to harmonise the various opinions concerning the best means of obtaining , the Land , as tho basis of improvement " for the millions . When tbe Chatter has been gained , Uie Land must be obtained : and there aw different opinions in society with regard to the best for mutual

    means of locating the people on the land advantage to all classss and all parties ; - - Oae plan has b ? en proposed by Mr . O'Connor—the allotment , or TOfiU-farm system ; another by the Socialists—Community of property ; and another by the Phalanxterians--Joint-stock associations , in which labour fauks equally with capital—in copartnership , by which means ma « chinery is made to labouv for the masa , sad not against them . These are the three general diviaiona of opioioa vitfc regard to the land , 'B&ica could not act togethea on that question whsn tho Charter has became the law j but who nvigLt and ought to act together for tha Cbarter , with an understanding that eaeb of their plans respectively should have a fair trial when the government of the people derives its poorer from tho people .

    "In addition to thesa three parties differing in opinion with regard to the land , there are some who do nob think it rieces 3 ary to locate the paople on the-land ; but ? tltit Legislative Reform alone , with batter Government , is all that is required ; and some who think that Frea Trade in everything is all that would be neesssary to protect the people from misery . " These diverse opinions cannot be absorbed in one ; atd nonce it is important that they should bs conciliated independently , as varieties cf one harmonious concert , for the elevation of the people—a point on which they all agree in opposition to the Tories , who

    want to keep hold of their monopolies aud privileges , without any regard to the rights and interests of otherj classes , beyond the formal operations of a class-made law ; and also , in opposition to the Whigs , who only want Free Trade , that they may enrich themselves , bj the lebonrs of the people , and feed their little cattle , well or ill , according to the quantity of work they want performed by them as hireling slaves . These two parties wact nothing for the people ; they want all for ttemeeives alone , and therefore they could not be tnasiilaied fcy the people , nor enlisted in the people ' s cause ; but all the others may and should be .

    " The great industrial moral army , then—the nnite < 2 Chartista of Great Britain and Ireland , might be divided into five distinct corps , for future operations , after tha Chartor had been obtained by ona uniJad effort , Uk& an arci 7 containing a central division , with n left hand ? wing and a light hind wing , besides a corps of sharpshooters , and a host of nondescript followers of the camp , thus : — ( k . Political Chartists ^ unitfh 1 ' Socialist Chartists f __ . _ , c ° - < 2 . Small Farm Chutists J- T T ^ chartists \ Phalanxterian ChMti 8 to C LAM > . VB . Free Trade Chartists . )

    " These parties may easily agree to differ with regard ta future operations , while they gain tha Charter , as tbe first great object of the Union ; and with an understanding that each plan should have a fair trial after tba . Chatter had been gained , they might freely discuss ainoc ; at themselves , without bitterne « 3 or opposition , the relative merits of these plans respectively , and ! enlist themselves in whichever corps they liked , foe future operations . Tbia would be harmonious variety in unity , benefiting all , and tyrannising over none ; as ever body would be free so adopt his own opinion with regard to the land , or other means of elevating tho reli

    gious and the social condition of the paople . Many "of year readers may not know what the Phatenxterian plan ia ; and for their information , aad witb your permission , I will refer them to a ' Letter to Mr . O'Connor , " written by Samuel Wellwood , a handloom weaver , in Glasgow , ou tae quastion of the land , ia which , with respectful deference to Mr . O'Connor and admiration for his political efforts , ho contrasts the Phalanxterian plan with the small farm system . Tbe letter may be had of any newevenuer , or from Cleave , or tha publisher , at the office of the London P / iolonx , Catherins-atreet , Strand , Londoa . Pries three half pence . To the trade one penny .

    , , " I am a Phalanxterian , and I hope that the spirit which leadB me to offer my co-operation to the peaceful army of labour to obtain the Charter , without saccngemg opinions concerning the best method of improvmg tb . 9 condition of the people as an END , when tSe Charter has been obtained as a MEANS , will induce , those who prefer the Small Farm System or the Community System , to ¦ co-operate freely ia the peaceful struggle ; and agree to differ with enlightened ! sympathy for eaeh other and respect for diffiaenti opinions advocated with sincerity and liberality . This is in fact the very principle of liberality and cordial union for a general end ; for people never did , and I Believe they never will , agree in doctrinal opinions of

    religion or political economy . Variety should , then , be harmonized in unity . # " Women should fee generally prevailed upon , also , to join the peaceful army ; if not to struggle in political antagonism , « t least to join tha sooiaj an $ religious divisiOHs , to promote the education of their children when . tbe land bos been obtained , and thua prepare themselves for higher duties when the first great struggle has subsided . I believe , Mr . Editor , that this incorporation of the social and religious elements of progress in the people ' s Union would multiply its power beyond calculation ; and I submit it to you , and to your readers , in the religious hope of its adoption for the good of alL

    " Touts , In all sincerity , Hugh dohertt . " In addition to all these , we have this week re ceived communioatioiis frem Mr . R . T . Morrison Nottingham , and Mr . G . J . Haknsy , of Sheffield , Mr . Mokrison say ; : — Continued i « oiir eighth nage . J

    Untitled Article

    THE NORTHER N STAR 7

• Citation
  • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 15, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct941/page/7/