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Northern Star (1837-1852), 15th July 1843, Edition 5 of 5, Page 6

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    • • EMIGRATION.
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      X > BS £ BTA"XIOS 3 ~ CO 2 fXEGIED "RTEH 315 . PEEESIHLT'S TOUR . HsTZE ? 2 so"w completed the notes « f ej tr-cr , in the « esrseCi" 5 tMcli Jtsressier 'will , » o dc-nbi . LiTe perceived flie Tenses advantages winch 3 rea 3 d aecrce to EmijHUts pnssssed of a little capital , indEctrion 3 iKibits and a psiseyencg spirit , I shall proceed to EJsSaa few © hsETvafions relsSve to the fonusSicn of " Toe British BnU i ianis 2 £ ? iual aid Society , " esisilisbed in Halifax , September 7 th . 1 S 42 ; 3 espy cf the rales'of which Society I shall present to Qie xeafier , Sn order tire lucre « zp ! isat 3 y to convey to taa public nusa its icniEEc object intended to be attained , asd which I verQy "beSesa to Is ea ? v of ascompTSstrmrnt . be to

      My n ^ t pnrpoEe "Hill supply isiormancn leEsugraaUasippeais to ine" 5 BciBpensbly necessary Jo enable them to fc 3 the stratagems and evade the TnncM ? ' **™*' cf an ha& of swindlers wno are ever on flieaiert to 7 ) lnsder a 3 dvictiiE ! ziti : e lunrary . These TampiiES t ss will iave been seen frcm the preceding notes ) swsna en "bcth tides the . MIsnUc , aad even upon the lace of £ bs great xJeep ; act ! It "Bill require irceessnt caution aad watchfulness to esape tlie saares tfcey iave so prsfe = ely spread in Ge patli cf t * ? e pilgrim journByfcg from Its ^ Vk xegieos of despotism to fho Great Iteonhlie .-

      Mnch tas been wrofe and much raid , fwo snfl csa , xespec&sg the insUtoUcns , climate , and ± uil of America ,-and also concerning toe Busnnas and habits cf tbe people . ! F&e factions , and those -wedded to evils "Winch are the inseparable concomitants of monarchical yoTeramcuts , ( who , by tke tray , are only those who live en fh = » jv = £ > dneo < J ? othtr snei £ s industry , ) isre iiapngned ths system of xoTEnnnfint wMch obtains in the States . T 3 ib interested traveller Las fiilattd on the 2 )» 3 efal effects irhich the climate may probably produce upon the constitntiona of Europeans , and xlso upon Ha sbBnSty of the soil and the Immense labour and sxpense requisite to perfect clearings , 2 nd leuder it productive ; TrMle otLos would have us believe that Si 9 Inhabitants are a ' rude , asocial , and accivilizsd 5 seopls—a nee of Tsild Indlaia , 01 bangs approximating thereto , " 7731933 nnts ^ or'd Tninds , See 3 God Id closSs , Oi hzsxs Mm in the ¦ wind " .

      On the other hani , many exaggerated tcconnta havf iesn ^ ven of the feiitai 7 esjoyed in this land of promise / 5 -which ~ hc ~ re induced many to Emigrate under fhn idea f- > i » l -on ^>>^ T » ^ a »»^^»< a ihey vonld *** i m- 3 per-S « & elyscm , and be blessed -ssith the fcD fruition of all earthly Iusppines 3 ; bnt , fisfiing their creams not ledizsd , they-LaTe been filled ¦ » ith chsgrin and disappDintmeit . ! Ehe " feet iSj insn must tho « , as "sra ! l as in « Tery other land , hi ™ iis bread hj the sweat of his feow . "Ha mnst labosr : bnt he car enjoy the trait of ids own isdestrys he oas ** sit nnder hia oira vine and Ills &W 3 . &g tree , aene daring to make hi ™ afraid . " ZThere ha is , free from -the galling yoke ef slavery , and can £ ^ nd erect in t ^ f attitndB at * a freeman , ^ possessing that ^ Tw ^ mm'hiR gem , liberty , "without TrMcb Hfe cannot i » enjoyed 'roth that zssi irMch wa 3 designed to be the 3 ot of man .

      The prrtahons ana oppressions esdnred by the British operative , and the apparent determination of-the iictions "who alternat&ly Tsls the dssSsiss cf this constry to perpetuate flie etSs of mtFrnie , impelled a num-J > er cfTinr countrymen to adqp . roeaEurss to escape the ¦* or 3 Q than Egyptian bonda ^ s ; and being acquainted HjTev . gh the j > nMicatian of the * ort <» r ac : ire £ sed i ^ I > r Smy ] e 3 to jnyself , ( and " » Mch I inserted at the commencement of my Jtmrnal ) , of the ssA resonrces of the T 7 est € m States of North Ameriea , it iras resolved to act npon the suggestions contained in the said letter , it being deemed far more adventsgeens to migrait to a ^> nrna already prepared , ssd to abide sm * ng . relatives

      andfriends , than to pave the tray and settle among itongEcs irhen they had sinred in a foreign land . And , moreover , YhB scanty means -c ^ jich protracted tyranny has lefts ! the disposal of vroikisg meif rendered it absolutely necessary to co-opsste lor the acquisition of funds to compass the desired -object . Hence the - establishment of the society appositely iermed "The British Emigrants 23 nbial Aid Society , ' Hie character snd design of ¦ RizJch I cannot better jdfscribe ¥ h * n by the publication of the rules by "which It is conducted . They are somewhat lengthy : nevertheless , I opine that the reader -snllj arise from the perusal ^ riUi & ftcJiTtg rfvsatisfaeSMBi tiist t >^ q timA devoSed to SJiar esasBJBitiaQitlxsB not been utispent .

      bitees . Sale 1 st—Tha * . ibis Society te denominated the ^ fi"Hc ^ -HuiTpr « T » tae Jlntaal Aid Socieiy , and that all rules and regulations be Echjtct to , ssd in accordance ? ith , the arprems laira cf the state or territory in T » hich tbe colony may be located . 2 nd . —That the ol ^ ectfif this Society is the purchase da tract of unappropriated land in ths State of Wisconsn , or other Western State as may on inspection ky b deputation ol one or more competent persons be deemed most suitable for the purposes of a colony cf aetUeis from "t ^ ia conniiy , rrpes a principle o * matoal sssostancs .

      3 rd . —When -sr . fnaast money js EuSEcrlbed , ont or morepsrsons ahsllbe sent oxA ¦ with power to select and purchase the land , snd procure a survey thereof , under promise ox "written assurance ox the Society that the jnoney EhaUbe transmitted tirongh t-Tm 'h « Ti ^« of the ft-tngAiKm -finmcni itjident in InvETCDol , to the United States * Government Agent , ssthonzsd to receive the Sine in that country . ¦ 4 U 1 . —Tbat the mbscriptians to EaiSocifitybs depo-Bted in lie Eslifzx Joint Stcck Bant , and "when the purchase is compMed be transferred to the Americas Consul { who has engaged to transact this business } ihrongh an order-sanctioned by the Egnatnres of threelonrthsof the members , and presented by " ^ ie committee to thB bnnfeBrx .

      5 A . —Thai thia Society be composed of as many subscribera as "will tate up , or purchase , thirty-two sections © f land , or -20 , 4 S 0 acres si Congress price 11 ^ dollar ) Tffhich shall ts diyisable amongst the said TneinbPTa in proportion to ther respective snb £ criptions , * in ten acre lots , » as to give the poorest sn equal benefit in the distribution and choice vrrth the larger purhasers , yet Sot Ti"iT ^ "g » Ti y j mhafTT ^ pr-iTi riiw arnount of purchass . ffi TTnt in vrGex to organise and carry into et&c-£ ts operailon *>> a olgeets of f >»?« Assoelaiion , thirteen anembers be chosen ai s pcbHc general meeting , to lozm x committee of management , from amongst 'whom a

      president , Tice president , treasurer , and secretary , be appointed annually ; fcur members of the Committee as ihey stana npon the list to retire annually but to be Eligible to re-election ; -srliich election shall he annual , on a day hereafter to be fixed ; first the committee , then the oEcers ont of that committee ; in both cases iy ballot , or vote cf all the members of the Society ; ihe majority to detemdna and b » : faal ; every shareiolderfroEioneto tsFaity to have two Totes , and so In proportion , increasing -ons vote every ten shares ; esven of the comniittEe to be a guamai , and the majority cf that quorum to determine .

      7 ih . —Thai ths President in all cases Jaffcer the-eslabEshmentof the Colony , ) have a triple vote , and lbs ¦^ ice president iha xnr . * -when acting as president , i * £ fee prssddent ' a absssca ; but not in other cases , or iot iis single vote "when acting in Jn * own capacity . S 2 t—That the committee shall , previous to thecom-3 > lEt 5 aa of tlis parciiase , appoint Eetren of the Ettb-BaabeB S 3 trustees for the properly Joinfly , in -whose same tbepaichase shall be effected , " and to whom it Jihallha conveyed in "tmst to the bss of the said Eiibsenbers , and ' be 1- ^ the said trustecB le-conveyed to lhe iaid snhscribers individually , describing his lot UTHbare by its number and contents in measure upon Jhe snrrfivort plan hereafter to be made , a true copy of * hich , or the original shall always be in the possession or keeping of the said trustees for general referenee .-snaieK 2 io £ zaphed for distribntion amongst ihe subscribars . In case of the death of a Trnstee , j » successor pTraii , as soon after as conveniently may , be appointed by ihe commiBee as in the first instance .

      Sih . That when sufficient funds are subscribed and paid in , a smtable person or persons be fully authorised xnder &e signature of « ie committee and Trustees , to go out to Ihs state cr territory-agreed to , and select , survEV and perebsss a suitable and sufficient tract of 3 BTifl j ^ CJjb -or more lots as the same can be obtained , Snclndinz some navigable river , or river that msy heresSerbeTnaSs navigable for boats or steam vessels—the BsiStes * of land » o be , as much as can be bo ebfcaned , inegasl quantities on each side cf the said river , in

      order to locate « rary allotment as contiguous as may be fe ¦ water « osvejance , and other'water purposes—ssid tract ol Isnd to extend along the banks of said river eigte D 2 e 3 In lengBi of the same , and two miles back-TFsrdsfrcm said river , on each side respectively , or i n traantisy equal to fiiese given dimenaons ( the rrser not iocein themeasurtoneat ?; this will give tbB quantity of Hurty-two secaons , or 20 , 480 -acres , the amount regaJred , aEd 2 iaibrm "will afi > rd the essiest means ef access to ihs greatest number for navigation purposesfor affl sites and other business situations hereafter

      Rtprirlnz abundance of water or water power . 15 ih . ~ ThaS the slated meetings of the committee be frp-n fjj the Sist Wednesday an every menth . Any proprietor may attend , but the business to rest exclusively with Q ^^ cemmittee—alterations or rescinding cf file pre « nt mles , or proposing new ones , to be glitji uotjoe oI-inTsniaBgs ^^ is staied mtsataly meetirg cf tlie committee , one month previous to its disossion . 31 Bi . * r >\* i « innbial aid" be the bond of this associa-Son , 33 fnxther specified in rule 12 ' -k ; and that in order to Bccommoaala" fha poorer members , they shall lay one 01 more a ^ mingn weekly , according to their abniij , fcj every share Bubscribea ior , -unta the full * inoni ! iof ikeii respective shares be paid up , which JaU amount au&t be completed against the time ol paymentfor the general purchase .

      22 th . —That aj ajB leading objeci of ihis Sodety is Tfgnwr ^ nca to ate poorer subscribers to the means of bettering iheir condition , and geSfing * ut to the settle ment , it ii proposed to fnrnlshwieh members sith pecmiary assisSanee , on condition of their Trozking for tba person adTOndag ^ ie same , at the rate of wages current afr&e time , in ttat country . Or by the following method , v& , firnnng « n shares as it is called and practised in some parts of America , ttie farmer giving ins labour and attention , the capitalist providing the nwwwny-gfcocfc , seed , and implsmesias , » Dd -arias otiier MEiEtancB or HlBansmsyl > fra ^ eed npon—saia capitalist jecelvinj ta&teat j ^ proaoce ot the land , and in-

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      crease of cittle cr stcct annnally , until the whole a »' .-vanca with cofet of snbsisJence vas may be agreed ) shall be r » psid , or tbe capitalist more easily satisfied ; the lot ot Firaie of tfce person so assisted to be security to tbe capitalist nstil tba eBgagement be fulfilled , the rcomicrtleo to have the power cf enforcing this rale , or hold the property in abeyance until the claim be satisfied . l 3- ± . —Tha * one whole scotirn cf land or 640 ( acres be reserved fora town building lot to be the joint property of ihe Society in a society capacity—yet

      nevertheless any individual may purchase whatever pprtion he zesy ieqaire za Ms ovm separate and individual property—the proceeds of such sales to form a' fund for general purposes , more especially such purposes aa era of a bearrolenii nature , 'b&nencial alike to ; every brsscb of the Soaety in tbe town or wuntryj under the direction and management cf the committee for the time being , or such other fiiiectiag body , under ^ whatever namB or denomination they may be known , that the management of the affaire of the Society may be deputed to .

      14 th—Thai the laying cut cf the town in streets , squares , market-places , allotments for pnbHo buildings , places cf worship , allotments , sites of EchoolB , cemetery , water courses , reservoirs , ic , be hereafter determined , excepting the town front to the river , which snail be left open full fifty yards in width , the whole length thereof for public pleasure or business , as may be fitting hereafter , thtse reservations to be [ made before any allotment for sales or other disposition of the Town Land Lot be made—and if it be found advisable to plant or build a part of the' town on each bank of the river , a similar reservatien of fifty yards in width in front of the same , be in like manner adopted .

      15 th , —That , in order to provide for the future welfare ssd prosperity of the Colony , the to'wii allotment be public property for beneficial and liberal purposes , in aid ol the whole proprietary in common with the surplus "Township lands , " as stated in the 17 th rule , whereby an ample and continually increasing fund and revenue will be secured for general service—the' order and regularity of building in the town better preserved , ncisances prevented , a better style of building secured ; improvements will also be more spiritedly undertaken when a known means is at hand , and the whole community will be more benefited by the increased value of tha town lots in compact order , than by scattered

      and detached boHdings , especially as the greater part of the small town ltts must ncessarily lie far apart from their corresponding country allotments , and , at inconvenient distances for joint occupancy—the committee in ths eaily period of the town ¦ will be disposed to aecoznmodite all craftsmen and other town residents , with lots suitable to their purposes at very moderate rates during the more early periods—and the purchasers of these selected bailding or town lots will be more benefited by a suitably selected lot and a public assisting fond , than by having a lot at random , as the choice by ballot would necessarily be , and without the advantage of such bunding fund .

      Or in lieu of ihe 15 th rule abov 9 recited , m cose it should be resolved to apportion town building ; lots to the country land lots , thvj nvnsl necessarily be un&U , in order to give each proprietor a lot and Eecure a public reserve for streets , roads , public institutions , squares , markets , &c , and at same time leave sufficient for contemplated public resources , of mutual assistance and pecuniary revenue If we av ^ Tnn a town building l ot ( to every original ten acre country lot ) of ten yards by thirty yards , and ss there will be few so small as one only of these , it will giye ample room for cny business premise ?—then 2048 sneb lots will amount to 127 acres nearly , -which with the river front , —reserve for public institutionssquares—markets , —sites for places of worship ; , cemetry , &c 140 acres , making together 267 acres ! which deducted from 640 the whole town lot , leaves 373 acres of avaOable property for public revenue , either as rented for farm purposes or ss appropriated for sale .

      This disposit ion of the town lot may perhaps be more acceptable to the subscribers generally than appropriating the wcolo to public service—and as " , immediate shelter will be wanted for the settlers as they arrive—bjr this means they may have a lot of their own after ths streets have been marked off-rbut in general to farm settlers the lots will not be much ¦ ben efit , as their rise in price will not be very immediate , and any attention to them will but divert too much of their time from their ( to them ) more valuable occupation on their country alletments .

      16 th—That as the whole tract of 20 , 480 acres is assumed as subscribed for , it becomes necessary ; to provide for the different reserves ( viz . ) that there ; be one acre deducted from every original abate 01 ten acre lov into which the township is assumed as divided , or so considered to be , even though purchased in larger amounts—so that one whole section shall abate 64 acres—the remaining 576 acres to be considered and taken as one whole section lot—and in like manner the 10 acres reduced to nine acrca shall be deemed and taken and called an original ten sere share in consideration of the benefit the whole connsnnnity will hereafter derive from such appropriation , and which is more fully explained in the ensuing Tn ?*> :

      17 ih—That the section reserved for bmlding shall be called the " Town Land Lot "—and Ihe talacce after all allotments from it are made , shall be public property applicable as it is stated in rule 15 along with the balance of the reservation of one acre per original share frem the Country Land Lots , after all deductions for highwxyB , &c , are made , and shall be called the Township Lands "—which two joint properties shall belong to the original share holders , their heirs or awngrtB , In trust as public property for benevolent and general improvement purposes , undo * ihe management of the committee or whatever the managing body Eiay hereafter be called , as stated in tbe fifteenth rule .

      18 th—TThen the funds expected from the ; pnblie property are available , they shall as occasion requires be applied to the assistance of all entitled to tbe same at the discretion of the committee acting on behalf of the proprietary , in such manner and proportion as they may at the time think prudent , in the my of loan , apprenticing youths , relieving widows and in&rm aged , assisting young perrons to begin the world , and such other laudable and benevolent purposes as come within Ihe limits and views of this institution . In all loans and assistance to individuals in the nature of loans , salislactary secrcpity shall be required for tbe return of the capital , and payment of Interest npon the same , hereby securing a permanent and increasing fund for beneficial and charitable purposes both to the present and to future ages , the proper objects of which shall be determined by the recommendation of proprietors and the judgment of the committee . '

      19 th . —Should the funds arising from thei pnWic property be at any tame more than u wanted for current demands , the surplus shall be vested in the purchase of further new and unappropriated land , or other real property , which additional purchases shall merge in the other public property , and thus [ become a source of continually increasing funds and meanB of prosperity and comfoit , and be in like manner as other public property , nnder the management and-care of the committee , or general council , according as the Tnntinging body may hereafter be denominated .

      20 th . —In laying out roads , previous to the sub-divisions of tbe general property , the natural undulations of the country , and tendings of rivulets shall be accommodated to the greatest advantage , not adhering to straight lines when an advantage or benefit can be obtained by a deviation ; provided always that exact quarter sections , or any nnmber of exact quarter sections be laid together ; bnt in dividing the quarter sections into the smaller allotments , straight division lines shall be adopted ; all intractable shapes or odd quantities cf land that may be cut off from any of the divir Eions , shall be and remain pnblie property until otherwiss disposed of . Tins is one advantage of having a surplus quantity of land for pnblie disposal , odd quantities can be thrown off in this manner without inconveniencing any one , yet remaining valuable to the general body as public lands available for sale or other purposes .

      21 st—That when the land is purchased , it shall be surveyed and divided according to the previous rule , and rule 16 , into sections of 676 acres ; and further iiito quarter sections of 144 acres , each section numbered with its corresponding quarters . Then such of the quarters as snail be determined by ballot , for choice , to be subdivided into nine acres or original shares , as is agreed to in rule 16 , in order to accommodate the smallest purchasers ; and that therefore the ballot * for choice be in quarter sections , those having subscribed for more than one quarter section , to complete their choice from the same drawing , either in lots adjoining or otherwise at their own option . :

      subscribers for the small lots , or original shares to unite in numbers equal to quarter sections , and draw for choice for that amount , by one of their own body or numbtsT ; then in a RiTnilar manner draw again for the choice ot the smaller lots , completing their quantity from one drawing , if they require more than one of the said small lots , proceeding in this manner until the whole is appropriated . 22 nd . —That all the resides and remainder of the property after the roads and other reserves have bEen QL-fiucted , and all the shares , tc , appropriated , shall be and remain pnblie property as by rule 17 is determined ; this arrangement affords the subscribers an opportunity ot choice to the last , as there will be several shares tiros unappropriated , and . a considerable secession to public property available as mutual aid , as explained lathe 18 th rule . <

      : 23 rd . —when the town lot , the highways , and other roads to private occupancy , and all the sections and ! shares shall have been appropriated , the remainder 1 shall be pnincproperty as states in the 17 th rale , and L shall be applied as is there and elsewhere directed , or in rewards to individuals for services in establishing * The method of balloting adopted inthia rule , is to avoid the great difficulty of apportioning the respective small lots so as to afford the proprietors the option of choice , on account of the impotsioility of their all being present at the time of balloting—then if not present there can be no choice—and if no choice be made or adhered to in its proper rotation , there win be a delay in procedure until such choice be made , however long a may be delayed from non-arrival of the proprietor ; and if the choice be not in due rotation , the regulation by « hoies of lot » becomes negatived ; therefore this regulation of formiHg Into quartet sections , ana "balloting for the small lots" is in erder to obviate toe difficulty .

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      this colo .: y or township , in lieu . of money payments during the infancy of the establishment as in the jndpment of tbe committee shall seem proper , bat not to apply to tbe expenses of survey , going oati selecting , &a , as these must be met with present money payment . : 24 th , —That "when any of the smaller lots that have been balloted for in quarter sections shall fall cut inconvenient for occupation , from the circumstance of being much insnlated ; from tho occupation reads , or wasting too much lanJs in such roads , the proprietor of ssid lot or lots may have a fresh choice according to measure and qnality ont of the unappropriated or

      surplus lands at his or their option if applied for to the committee within twelve months from tho time of the original ballot ( tint all may be satisfied , and all may be comfortable ) by paying into the public treasury , one dollar for each and every such small lot , and the expenses that may be thereby incurred—and may further if desirable at tbe time of such exchange , enlarge bis lot from land adjoining bis fresh choicb or ¦ olbsr unappropriated [ land by purchase at the valuation of the committee , and may he accommodated in the payment by security in tbe premises at the discretion of the committee—this is another advantage derivable from the surplus or township appropriation .

      2 b £ h That the town front next the liver shall be left open and free , as stated in the rule , for public promenade , health , and ; greater safety from accidental floods in case such should occur , which sometimes happens in America in even well selected sites—that the houses be all built with the first floor a few feet above the natural level of the land—it will give greater scope to the future improvement of tbe street—and that foot paths be left free for publio use along both banks of the river , the whole length of the township Height miles ) fox the exercise and health of tlie inhabitants , and that styles or gates be fixed to accommodate the same , and that the said foot paths be always kept in Bnfiicient passable 01 walking repair , by the owners of the lands respectively , the committee to have power to enforce the same .

      2 Gth . —That in selecting the town site especial regard be had te future capabilities or possible future capabilities ; choosing a rather elevated situation near a navigable river , for future conveyance of merchandize , should be a first essential , —salubrity and good soil with contiguity of fuel another , though navigation may relieve or asBist in tho article of fuel—then tho land to the extent required to be : selected in the form described in the 9 th rule or as near 33 may be—and as the command of water power is one of the most essential points as regards to-sra employment , and without town employment so town can make much progress—this by a judicious foresight maybe obtained to a great extent by selecting as above stated , a town Bite upon somewhat of an eminence , or elevated plot , ox gentle rise near tbe river ; then previous to any allotmest being made , a

      tract of land ranging 10 some convenient higher point of the river should be determined upon , and reserved for tbe purpose of a water course or canal * to terminate upon the highest level of said eminence , vet sufficiently regulated to prevent any overflow to the damage of the town or adjacent lands , —bere a reservoir would command every point of the town for domestic supply , and furnish power to any number of mills the original stream may be equal to : this also to be public property , and be undertaken at pnblie cost , and will become a source of great and advanoing revenue as the town advat ces in business and population , by sale , or renting the power , as the same mcy be required—but in the mean time the tract need only be reserved—scruptdovs ' y reserved as an essential to tbe future prosperity of the town .+ :

      271 J —That bnilding sites for two hotelB b 9 set off from tho town allotment , at the two opposite corners of tho foot cf the principal cross street , and fronting the river , of Buch dimensions as may be thought sufficient , which said street shall be at least thirty yards wide , extending across tbe whole town allotment from the river to the town ' s utmost boundary , expanding to a square snffisient to accommodate the future market , at the low end thereof , and shall be called Marketstreet , and Market-square respectively . The said building -sites shall be set ont previous to any apportionment of the town lot to tbe subscribers and shall be puMic -rtserved property for the express purpose , and built at public expense , in tha speediest

      manner for the immediate accommodation of arriving parties until their own dwellings can be completed , which said temporary hotels shall remain public piopeity , and be conducted now and in future as Temperance Hotels , and be under the superintendence of thB committeo and havs pecuniary assut&ncefrom them at discretion until able to support themselvta , but shall always hereafter with all others be . conducted upon Btrict principles of total abstinence from spiritous liquors , and upon , this account is the pecuniary assistance given , and that no other description of hotel be ever permitted ; thus one fruitful source of misery and crime is intended to be prevented from the very commencement of this interesting settlement .

      And provided the : Colony should be located in tbe State of Illinois or in the Territories of Iowa or Wisconsin , a most pleasing and profitable employment mi ^ ht be pursued by females and the younger branches of . families , encouraging tbe growth of the Mulberry Tree and the increase of the Silk Worm . 28 th . —That a suitable site for a public school and master ' s house , with room for ample conveniences to the same , be reserved from the town lot , regard being had to the most desirable and central situation , the expense of building and master ' s salary to be defrayed from the public funds or proceeds of the pnblie lands sufficient to encourage a first-rate teacher , the test of wheae abilities shall be judged of by some future determination , as also whose children be free or otherwise—a similar appropriation shall also be made in the conntry districts upon similar principles .

      29 th . —That a reserve be made out of tbe town lot to assist or form a salary for a clever medical practitioner , whoso abilities must be sufficiently attested ; this In order to secure a respectable one from the commencement . 30 th . —That a reserve of five acres of land in some suitable location in the town lot be appropriated ua a cemetery eqnally available to all classes—nevertheless private family portions may be disposed of by the committee to such as require that privilege ; tbe proceeds of these sales to be in aid of the public funds or treasury , and under tbe management of the csmmittee . 21 st . —That a public saw and grist mill be at tbe earliest opportunity proceeded with , as public property , under the direction of the committee , and regulated hereafter as occasion msy requite .

      J 32 nd . —That all woods , waters , water courses , quarries of every material , mines , and minerals , shall be freely and fully enjoyed by and wholly the property of the proprietor in whose lands they may be incladed . : 33 rd . —That all formB of religion be equally respected and accommodated ¦ as regardB property , and their ministers supported . in such manner as their respective congregations approve . 34 th . —That bII cases of difference or dispute be settied by arbitration , in order to preserve the harmony and unanimity of the society ; and that the committee or council ( whichever name the acting body are known by hereafter ) be considered standing arbitrators , to whom all such cases ehall be referred , or to whom they shall appoint .

      35 th . —In case of an ori g inal proprietor , his heirs or assigns , disposing of tbe ¦ whole of bis allotment , the beneficial right in the township and town funds shall be in the purchaser , provided he buy the whole allotment—but if it bfc sold in parcels the said right shall be adjudicated amongst the respective purchasers by the committee or their successors jointly with the trustees of the township lands , by a majority of at leaBt twethirds in number and value . 36 th . —That each member pay threepence per month for every ten acres loc subscribed for , towards the expenses of seeding out persons to select and pnrchase the land , surveying , dividing , and other incidental expenses , until tbe whole be completed , and the full amount of said expenses discharged .

      37 th . —That persons wishing to retire from this society § be allowed to dispose of their lots to any other person , with tae consent of the committee ; the purchaser thereof making good all arrears , if any , or to be liable to the same in like manner as the original proprietor would h . ive been . 38 th . —That if any lot or lots of land remain two years unclaimed , or unoccupied , after the adjudication or apportioning cf tbe same , they shall be forfeited and " merge in the general property , because this is not a scheme or speculation of profit by purchasing land with a view of gain by the improvements of others , but as a means of bettering tbe condition of the industrious , by matual simultaneous exertion .

      39 th . —That none iut persons of known good reputation , and of sober and industrious habits , be encouraged to join this soci ^ iy ; ibis is essential .

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      * All along -Rbich canal there wcnld be powerful waterfalls down to tha river again , of different degrees of elevation , more especially at the terminus in the town , where thty mi ^ ht probably rani ; e from twenty to thirty or forty feet , with a . conetaut head of water in the reservoir so as to be at all times preserved from the power of frost . T If a sufficiently powerful river be selected , which may doubtless be fonnd either upon the Mississippi or Wisconsin rivers in the territory of Wisconsin ; the situation commanding the whole valley of the Missis , sippi by waier communication , and its numerous branch navigations openiDg-out tbe vast territories of the Far West , as a market for its manufactures of whatever kind , and tke great facilities the said navigation affords for obtaining the raw material from the lower States bordering on toe Mississippi .

      Iron ore of the finest qnality Is had from the Iron Mountains of Missouri , where it is procured withont digging for , merely taken from the surface of toe mountains . There is also tbe probability of finding coal in the Wisconsin or Iowa district ; it is already in inexhaustible quantities in the neighbouring state of Pennsylvania . ; £ It will behove the parties making the contract with the Government Agent to attend to the subject matter of this rule , as they cannot give a perfect title" unless they themselves possess it

      § Before they have fulJy paid up their subscriptions , er have received their title deeds ; fox after completing their purchase , it ia evident they may dispose of their property as they please .

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      401 hc—That , although some of theaa rules are calculated for tho future , / or advauoed stats of the association , yet as they snow a provision fur the same , H is resolved that jthey stand as part of tho coda—sut-joct nevertheless to revision —^ improvement , or even rescinding according to future circumstances , at any general meeting of the proprietary called for the purpose—of which meeting a full month ' s public notice saall be given to the said proprietary previous to discussing the suhject—and that no rule shall be dispensed with , or become binding , bub by the authority of meeting 3 so canstituted or ' called together .

      41 st . —Persons residing in any part of the country may form Bflpieties on these rules , by sending the uamea of new : members to bo entered in the general register monthly , and by transmitting tUeir subscriptions quarterly , to be deposited in the Halifax Joint Stock Bank ; ' and for copies of rules , and , any other inferniatioB connected with the society , application may be made to any of the following gentlemen , and if by letter post-paid , inolosing three penny postage stamps . ; r Mr . Pitkothley , Merchant , Buxton Road , Huddersfield . Mr . Jabez Todd , Grocor , Upperhead Row , Huddersfield . Mr . Joseph Nicholson , Printer , Grove Street , Halifax . Mr . William Haigb , Gentleman , Wade Street , Halifax .

      Mr . Thomas Bawley , Gentleman , Setmurthy , near Cockermoutn , Cumberland . Mr . Elijah Crabtree , Agent , Broad Street , Halfux .

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      in our own institutions , and all that ca- > be culled from tho Ani 8 riciK 3 , or other sources , ancient 0 ? new , forniing a complete establishment ; of judicial , social , moral , aud i- 'telleCtual ¦ worth . j " Perhapa I may bo running along too fast ; but ife is well to have every possible combination of good in View , and to plan aecordingly . Whatever is omitted or neglected in tke outset ia jwith difficulty aft _ r wards brought into operation . . j "I am decidedly of opinion that iwfrist and enw mill should be undertaken On the first instance by the

      Association , unless some experienced person should be desirous of undertaking it { on hla own account Even that i 3 not the most desirable ; they are the two moat essential first requisites , anil ought to be at tbe cemmand of the directing body . ] A siiort paragraph in our local papers , referring to some known person for information , may , when that information is complete , be useful and propor . Whenjany communication on the subject is committed to your papers , please forward a copy to my address . J " I am most respectfully thy friend . I "Thomas Bewley .

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      nity of small tt wag and villages . Imagine then how much greater the difference must be in tha remote parts . of tht United States where thereareso few settlamenis . I have ia the " Notes of my Tout" given some few cases , especially at Chicago , of the rapid rise in tha value of land , and particularly buildin g ground ; and one instance Where about a quarter of an acre had risen within afew years from five-sixteenths of a dollar to forty thousand dollars . This was effected by an increaiS of population , and the consequent establishment of a little traffic , which , with a moderate number of colonials could most assuredly be equalled in the projected colony in a very few yeaia , and which must inauce the rich to inveBt their funds in ths soil , and . also in carrying out such improvements as may bedesmed necessary ; such as roads , bridges , canals , or railways , and in assisting poor persons to locate themselves upon the land , all which departments being alike sure and profitable investments .

      Persons who have been engaged in agricultural pursuits ought to take a deep interest in the formation of the colony ; farmers being pre-eminently qualified for the object , wbile it affords the most ample field for the display of their skill and talent . The breeding and retiring of cattle and Bheep may be turned to good account , and fowls may be increased to any extent . Many have turned their attention to the breeding ol sheep and growth of wool . I Baw some of the finest sheep I ever beheld , and I have no sJoubtbut theflneBt wool may bs grown in the Far West ; and for carrying on manufactures of every necessary description there can be every possible facility afforded . It ia not improbable that minerals may be obtained in the colony , which would afford an additional source of industry and wealth .

      The selection of the situation mnst be niada with great care and caution , after the most minute enquiries and investigation of all the regions within the prescribed territories . / The extent of land on which to select thejlocation la so immense ; the quality so various ; the difference of situation so important ; the existenca of water-falls of any weight and extent for mechanical purposes ; the certainty that-coal and other valuable minerals abound ; the knowledge that the difference between prairie and ! wooded land in regard to clearing and cultivation , and that part wooded and part clear is , with a geod soil , no secondary consideration , nor that water and other cheap and easy conveyance to a good market must not be lost sight of , and that a healthy situation ia above all otfcir considerations , rendera the trust of eslection one of vast responsibility .

      Tee extent of population gives additional value to tbe land , buildings , mineB , and every description of produce . In the Western States of North America , where the population is so small , this is peculiarly visible . To this the Yankees , by birth or adoption , are perfectly alive , which is made evident to every one who visits them , and who are one and all hotly pressed , by every argument which ingenuity can devise , to 89 ttle on their land , or in their immediate neighbourhood . Wherever a town can be projected and designated by th 8 name of S ' -me European metropolis , or city of renown , up gets the price of land , or plots , set apart by ' the projector for building , from the original price of one and a quarter dollars per acre , to ten , twenty ,

      forty , eighty , and upwards , for one-eighth part of an acra I have seen a plot of this kind get up to 40 , 000 d-ollars , as stated in my account of Chicago . In an infant town , of no large population , if a house ia required upon rent , nearly , if not altogether , the amount which the building cost will be charged for one year ' a rent , bo that by going out individually , or in Bingle families , as is generally the case , the tax in this way upon Emigrants is enormous . I therefore prefer a scheme of " Mutual Aid , " but independent property olony ; whereby , instead of submitting to such heavy imposts , we shall be enabled to give Brother Jonathan a Rowland for an Oliver ; and be ourselves enabled to sell building plots in the

      projected town , in the centre of the colony , to our brethren at their own price ; or houses may be built , as they do theirs , at a very small cost , and let to them on their own terms . And be it understood that while the town increases in siza and population the property will proportionably increase in value , and tha faisas and country allotments will be increased in tbe same ratio ; and in a very short time , with proper management , Would enable the fortunate holdera to sell , if they so wished it , at twenty dollars per acre , and that would go on increasing to more than double the amount in value . This ia no visionary picture , for I have seen it to an immense extent : and this is one-great source of ¦ wealth to the Americans .

      Tbe first public property in that colony would , in all probability , be a grist mill , next a saw mill , then such schools as might be required for the children , a post office , . library and news-room . Every description of manufactures found necessary could be carried on by water powor . Tho finest sheep could be bred and kept Exceedingly fine wool could be grown at a very trifling expence , also flax and hemp . The mulberry ( and a new plant the name of which I have loBt ) is cultivated and many employed at their own homes in manufacturing Bilk from the worm . Farmers , mechanists , and artificors in every department of trade would be required .

      Let it be borne in mind that I advise none to leave their native land ; I would rather they would rise In all their native dignity , display their own omnipotence , regenerate their fallen country , and , with it , themselves . Such a triumph would be worth a universe Emigration schemes would lose their charms , and evaporate , while all would remain on their native Boil , in tbe midst of plenty , contentment , and happiness . Could I but discover one dawn of hope—could virtue and patriotism be so far united as to inspire my countrymen to make one grand , united , peaceful , bnt determined effort , my paper , pen , and ink would instantly lay unused , and I should be found in tbe froat of the holy baud .

      I work for those who love liberty sufficiently to cause them to watch its enemies so closely , an to keep one eye open while asleep ; who are ready at all times for the field of combat against the common foe ; but I hold no communion with the monsters ia human shape who are ever ready to devour our species . Therefore I shall proceed to carry ferward my views for the benefit of tho Reserving fow , in the anxious hope that my inforniafcion and experience may in ssmo measure conducs to their happinesss .

      , ( To be continued . )

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      Noi 3 . " Setmurthy , near Cockermouth , 12 th aio . ma , 1842 . " Esteemed Fbiekd , L . Pitkethly — Thine of the 3 rd inBt ., and oue from E . Crabtree , Halifax , under date 1 st instant , accompanied by the rules of the Emigration Society now forming , came to my hand together on the 7 th . He mentioned having received the letter I addressed to theejontbe 16 th ult , and which he expressed had given himself and the society at Halifax mueb satisfaction . 1 may in reply , tbaak yon both

      for your favourable sentiments , and also assure you that it will give me great pleasure to be in any degree " instrumental , " in ptogvesaing the Bociety or its views . " Siace I have received the rules of the society , I have devoted my time vtry fully to the consideration of them , ani'l to their future bearing . I have analyzed them very fully and approve them generallybut as they do not so fully embrace thasuljsctaa my views extent ! , I have reconstructed them , retaining the substance and adding what hath so far occurred to myself in addition .

      Wbm I have a little longer weighed their bearing in their more extended tor in , jl intend transmitting a copy to E . Crabtree , and if time would permit whilst than renmineth at Glasgow , I feel disposed to do the same to thyself : perhaps they might fee somewhat useful to the society forming there , j if they be disposed to form an union with the " West Riding ; " but this I must leave to thy better moans of judging . An additional reason for uniting the two societies is tbe smallness of the land allotment fixed by yo » r rules , v ' . z , 10 , 240 acres—it will incur nearly as much expense in a person going out , selecting , surveying and purchasing as a larger lot . ( I should suppose one competent person sufficient on account of the expenses , or rather in order to keep them as low as possible . )

      I bave fixed , aud calculated according to double that quantity , viz , 20 , 480 acres , and have also varied the form , say eight miles iu length , by four in breadth , to be if possible in equ ^ . orj nearly equ al halves on each side of some navig dQt river , or one that can easily be nuidt ) navigable for boats or steam vessels . ( I have previously mentioned my acquaintance with steam navigation . ) Steam vessels in Anitrica are made to draw very little water , I shouldi say two-and-a-half or three feet may be found sufiicienti fur such inland navigation , as is here contemplated . " Then the form » f the plot of land f have mentioned admits of the greatest facility to the most remote settlers upon it , as none will be over two miles from water carriage , and it may * be further possible to meet with some branch navigation making it still more accessible , but at all everts , it may ba said to bring the moat remote within tbo limits here assumed . " Then the larger tho plot , the less the outside fence

      will be in proportion . A larger association will also reduce the individual outlay , for unavoidable expense in the purchase , survey , &ci I also differ from tbe rules in regard to the town lot ! I prefer its being public ot joint property , for sc ? eral | reasons which are given in the rules I have alluded to ; and as tbe town let will necessarily have to be deducted from the aggregate amount of acres ia whatever way appropriated ; tb 6 highways and occupation roads must also be abated from the said eggregata : j it therefore followa that fuM ten acres cannot be set cut to each share . I have therefore b >> apportioned these shares as to meet the circumstances , and leave a jbalance as public propertystill calling the tea acres shareB— " original ten acre lots , " which I think will receive no opposition , as each individual will have an interest and a benefit iu the public property , and in jits increasing value . And further , the present uacriSce is so trifling , in the first inbtunce . The roads , at all events , must have to be

      abated before any appropriation can take pk . ee , all this will more fully appear upon refaranco to the said code of rules , which I hava wiljb . considerable attention and care drawn up for the consideration of the society , embodying their views as much as I can with my own , as before observed . | "I hope thou has been able in the ccurse of thy journey to find persons who dulyjapprsciate the merits of tbe plan , and who will spiritedly co-operate in its completion . I wait with anxious desire to know what may probably be exptcted , and should indeed be highly gratified whenever opportunity and place can be fouud for personal interview . j " FromE . Crabtree ' B letter , it appears but fewseem yet to have embraced the plan j a- d from tbe slender amount of acres 1 should suppose ( those few of rather slender means . Its will ba necessaiy , if possible , to have some pretty weighty subacribarB . I Bhould like to hear of individuals , practical agriculturalists , putting down their names for whole sections ; there ought to bo a

      decided majority of that profession , for although others may become farmers , tliey [ will themselves labour under considerable inconvenience for years , that is , in comparison with these more ! familiar with the business . Moreover , there ia the necessity for men of capital . I shall with pleasure resume , after I hear from thee and after thjr return ; and in the mean time , rest assured of my sincere friendship and interest in the project . " 1 aiii thy friend , " Tuos . Bewley . "

      I have considered that it will be useful to tbe public to publish the Letter , No . 1 , from Thomas Bewley , because by it will be shown , that with his experience obtained by au eight years' residence , he bad , before the perusal of Dr . Smyles's letter to myself , formed a plan of going ont in order to provide such homes and c imfort for his nephews a « he could not tfitsc ; in their own country . Tbe j spirit of this letter is precisely what is required to be iufuBed into society ; while the view 3 of this plain spoken gentleman cannot fo . iL to enlighten and stimulate the mind to virtuous exertion botli at bntne and abroad , j

      Mr . Bswley ' s letter , ho . 2 , breathes a combined spirit of caution , utility , arrangement , organisation , discernment , and kicduer . 3 ; and also conveys his and my own views of the object to be attained , in a manner superior to my own . } It likewise shows how the ru ' . ss and regulations may be brought to maturity . Letter , No . 3 , is no less valuable than the first and second ; inasmuch as it ( demonstrates the practicability and advantages of the [ scheme . It is ala *> peculiarly calculated to awaken a spirit of inquiry and criticism which must lead jt © a beneficial result , if conducted in a proper spirit ] It also shows tne great advantage which ruust accrue from the applisation ef a mhid so adruiriMy calculated to develope the principles in a ! l their bearings . In the person of ilr .

      Bawley , we find . 1 gentleman possessing a mind peculiarly adapted to the subject ; a man possessing extensive knowltdgo and practical experience , and who being free from the cares ! of family and business , and secluded from the bustling ] throng , is enabled to devote bis entire thoughts to thisj his darling subject ; and I feel confident that I only echo the feeling of thousands , when I say that I feel no less proud than grateful for such invaluable aid . From my extensive and multifarious communicatioua and correspondence I fiudtliat in many instances the ttnn " colony" is confounded w ! ifca the word " community . " However let it be understood that every property will ba distinct ' y and separately the property of an

      individual or f&mily , or company , as tke case may be ; bnt that no rule exists to prevent any number of individuals from combining ana subscribing for one or more lots , and upon which they may form a community of fcoods . That is a matter jleft entirely to themselves , and to be arranged upon their own estates . Those who take 10 , 20 , 40 , 80 , or 100 acres , will , in proportion to the extent , have proportionate interest in the property reserved for general purposes ; but that claim will apply only to the extent of the land , and not to the number of persons locajted thereon ; and each will bave it in hio power to dispose tf his property the same as any © ne not having entered a colony but who br . a purchased his property on the common individual plan .

      No other plan than thtej exists whereby a person am purchase less than eighty acres ; the siiiailest quantity which the Government will ssll , unless at double , treble , and often ten and twenty-fold the original price . The money will be paid to ti . e American Consul in this country ; so that no one snail bave occasion to be entrusted with the funds , apd , consequently , they cannot be misapplied . The-price ia one dollar and a quarter per acre which is equal to five shillings and ptnce-h&lipenny . TenacreB will only cost £ 1 12 a id !? not half the amount paid ; to many of the . aristocrats in the shape of rent for ! one acre , and from which

      the tenant is frequently liable to bo ejected : whereas the consolation in this case is in the knowledge that you are settled upon your ! own land , from which no landlord can remove you—| where no one can demand rent , tithes , or Easter dues , and where the taxes are merely nominal—that you ] are free and independent , and that every improvement you effect is for your own advantage , and will be handed down to your posterity . It is not an affair in which one is to profit by the industry of another : butj a scheme for mutual and general advantage , each one having a voico in the government of all public property , matter , or thing .

      No speculation with which I am acquainted weuld afford an equal certainty of ja large and quick return to any capitalist who niigbt invest his money in the colony . It is universally known that even in Britain the price of land is very much affected by tbe numbers of toe population upon it ; that in the neighbourhood of large towna tbe land is higher in value than it is in the vici-

      Untitled Article

      Singulab Suit . —The German papers speak of a strange circumstance , which is about to give birth to a law suit . A middle-aged man was not long sinca playing pharo at Koethen . in the principality of Anhalt . He had been playing for some time , when the card he held won 1 , 000 ducats . The dealer handed over th © money , aud inquired how he wished to continue the game ; but themado no reply .

      Repeating the question , and receiving no answer , he desired one of ihe bystanders to see if something waa not the matter wit 11 the man . Ho did eo , and the player was found to bo a corpse [ The dead body was taken away , and the dealer very cootty drew back hia 1 , 000 ducats , saying that the game was a synaltegmasic contract , made between persons capable of fulfilling its conditions , and could not be supposed to hold good between the living and tho dead ,. Th 8 heirs have claimed the suca , and the matter has been referred to the tribunals .

      ¦ A Wheeling Article . —Going to dinner the other day , we saw a little codger , about two years ' old , sittiug in a wheelbarrow and trying to wheel himself . It struck ua that many people in this world are often caught in the same act , and we shall always think—hereafter : — ¦ When we see a business man trusting everything to hia clerks , and continually seeking his own amusement— always absent from his counting-house , and yet expeoting to get along—he's sitting in a wheelbarrow , and trying to wheel himself . When we see a professional man better acquainted with every thing else than his profession , always starting some new scheme , and never attending to his calling , his wardrobe and credit will soon designate him as sitting in a wheelbarrow , and trying to wheel himself .

      When we see a farmer with an over-abundance of " hired help , " trusting everything to their management , his fences dov , o , implements ont of repair , and land suffering for want of proper tillage—too proud or too lazy to off-coat and go to work—he ' s sitting in a wheelbarrow , trying to wheel himself . Wnca we see a mechanic run half a square every day to borrow a newspaper , and may be ha \ eto wait ten or fifteen minutes before ho ca& get it , we &hall suspect that the time he loses would soon pay the subscription , and consider him sitting in a wheelbarrow * and trying to waeel himself . When we see a man busily engaged in circulating scandal concerning his neighbour , we infer he is pretty deep in the mud himself , and is sitting in a whfielbarrow , aud trying to wheel himself out . — Wheeling Gazette .

      Moke Leeches—Pensions—Civil List . —A List of all Pensions granted between the 20 t , h day of June 1842 , and the 20 th of Jane , 1845 , and charged upon the Civil List ( pursuant to the Act of 1 Victoria , c 2 ) v-. September 24 , 1842 . —Louisa , Baroness Lehzen ( in consideration of the faithful services rendered by her to her Majesty during a period of eighteen years ) , £ 400 . Nov . 17 , 1842 . —Elizabeth Devereax Kennedy and AnnaMaria Kennedy , sisters of Sir Robert Kennedy , late commissary-general , ( Additional pension , in testimony of the publio services of their late brother ) , £ 200 . . Nov . 17 , 1842 . —William Wordsworth , Esq . ( in consideration of -his distinguished literary attainments ) , £ 300 . . Nov . 25 , 1842 . —John Cnrtis , Esq . ( in consideration of bis zealous devotion to science ) , £ 100 . ¦

      Nov . 25 , 1842 . —Richard Owen , Esq ., member of the Royal College of Surgeons , Hunterian Professor , and one of the Conservators of the Museum ( in consideration of "his distinguished exertions in the improvement of science ) , £ 200 . Total , £ 1 , 200 . Gt . Clbbk . Whitehall , Treasury Chambers , June 29 *

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      No . 2 . . , " Setmurtby , near Cocbermouth , lllh mo 16 th , 1842 . " Esteemed FIiiend , —Toy acceptable letter of the 9 th inflt ., came to hand on the 1-Hb , having laid at Cockermouth a few days . We have not daily intercourse with the town .

      " I have paid great attention to its contents . As far as concerns my taking active proceedings in promoting the extension of the Association it seems premature , inasmuch as I am in ignorance of your entire views , conditions , and regulations . " If you have drawn up any prospectus or plan of procedure , I should esteem it a favour if thou wouldst transmit me a copy , in order to weigh the matter , and become fully master of your views of the subject , so as to point outjthe advantages likely to bo derivod , and to meet the inquiries und objections that may be expected to arise even from tho 3 e favourable to Emigration and the plan generally ; and , if necessary , to make such additions as , my experience of , and my acquaintance with , the country and the habits of the people may dictate ; subject , notwithstanding , to the approbation of the Association so far as formed , that we may act in unison .

      " As stated in my former letter , my views were latterly limitted to pioneering the road for the benefit of my nephews , but expanded on the perusal of Dr . Smylea ' s printed letter . As your absence has prevented or delayed Intercommunication , so as not fully to understand your views and intended , mode of procedure , that object seems now tha most necessary first step ; and to attain which I am now fully atliberty , as well as to devote my wholo attention and energy to its furtherance , in active exertion , if the plan of scheme meet my views ; as also in such suggestions as I may be enabled to lay btforo the Association for their

      approbation and adoption , as it will be desirable and necessary to met-t every possible objection , as well as to give entire satisfaction in tho mode of raising tbe money , Us safe 'deposit until a purchase shall be made , and various-other pecuniary considerations : then the mode of survey , and equitable distribution , roads , reserve for schools , and other beneficial institutions and works , even though not immediately wanted , ought to bb foseHeen and provided for , with a very liberal and ample plan and scale of a town by all means upon tho b : ; nk 8 of a river available to navigation , and on both bai . ka if possible .

      "I am cpnvtrsant in ship and boat building , especially a superior plan of propelling by steam not yet in practice , peculiarly applicable to inland navigation . I have also been engaged in practical agriculture tbe greatest part of my life , both in this country and the United States ; and I apprehend the most efficient service I could render would be in that country , in selecting a location , and arranging the purchase , &c , as the thing should be gone about with a considerable knowledge of the people and country , with somewhat of apparent indifference , but as the Americans say , " wida awa ^ c ; '' mote of this hereafter . In the meantime , I should be glad if you would detail a little of your tour ; your impressions as you went along , both as to tho country and the people ; the route you took from Montreal ; your interview with Dr . Smylea ; his sentiments in personal communication ; and tbe locality you might have most approved for future operations , either in 5 * our own judgment , or in conjunction with the Doctor . ' ' -v . . .. . -

      " Your friend , John Leach , who replied to my former letter in your abssaco , stated that two eocietits were beiog formed or forming—one at Halifax , and the other at Glasgow ; but I hava bad no communication with them , consequently know nothing of tfae « plans or progress . Irhave preferred , as it were , Iagfog upon my oara until informed cf the result of your tour : and am sorry to find the state of trade and confidence at so low an ebb ;! it will discourage many in their views of emigration , i for it is astonishing how readily and eagerly people , ' especially farmers , lay hold of every discouraging circumstance as an excuse for their own apathy : although they acquiesce in the opinion of the benefit of emigratwn generally , whilst property remains , they are cowardly individually land difficult to be moved ; local prejudices and family ties seem difficult to overcome . ;

      " Although I am fully able to appreciate all your views to the utmost , it is notwithstanding expedient and desirable to have one uniform code or plan of procedure , tangible , and comprehensible by all , and to which , all may be referred . If this be not already done , i % is desirable that it now be forthwith , embracing every substantial fact I could wish us to mate a powerful demonstration—a great : toaster effort one grand model settlement , combining all that is valuable

      Untitled Article

      The original rules of the Society / were , for the purpose of improvement , placed in the hands of Thomas Bewley , Esq . ? a member of the Society of Friends , residing at SetmuJtby , near Cockermouth , Cumberland , a gentleman possessed of much practical knowledge , having resided some years in tbe United States , and devoted much attention to the subject The foregoing are ths rules in their improved state , subject , of course , to such amendment as circumstances may render expedient . ! .

      Before I proceed to give those necessary cautions and instructions to Emigrants , without which my object would be incomplete , I beg the attention of tbe reader to three very important communications I received from my esteemed friend , Mr . Bowley , and which communications are too valuable and too closely interwoven with my ^ subject , to be kept from the public eye . I therefore give them without iurtber preface : —

      NO . 1 . Setmurthy , near Cockermouth , 7 th mo . 23 rd , 1842 . Respected Freind . —Having in the course of last week seen an advertisement of a published letter of Dr . John Smiles to yourself , on the subject of Emigration to the United States , I was induced to send to Manchester for a copy , which having received , I am much struck and animated with the corresponder . cs of his views and sentiments with' my own . < " I have been a few years in the States of Now York and Pennsylvania , and in tbe Lower Province of Canada ( four yearn in the city of Montreal ) , but not in the territory of Wisconsin , though I have heard much of it ; and which 1 consider highly favourable to the English agriculturalist , or to the English generally .

      " I frequently saw their native papers in Philadelphia , hence my decided good opinion . I had formed precisely the ; same idea of a company of known ( to each other ) Englishmen purchasing at once a comprehecsiv « s tract of land , combining as much * as might ba , every requisite for future application , aa to quality of land , climate , means ef transfer , water convenience both for mechanical operation aud navigation , with other el eeleras . I have been more immediately led to this speculation from the circumstance of having a few nephews who have lost their parents , and whose prospects in this country present nothing but gloom , together with young rising families for whom no cheering prospect can be anticipated . They are at present occupied in farming and mining pursuits , and are healthy , strong , and industrious . '¦ ¦

      " I have had consultations with them on this subject ; and had formed the plan of going out with them as pioneer , into this very territory , for some time before seeing the above letter . " Nuw the perusal has added considerable animation to my mind , and opened a much more extensive view of the subject . : I should be truly glad to contribute tbe remaining energies of my mind to the furtherance of some plan of ; this nature which Dr . Smiles and yourself , with others , may concoct , and aa introductory thereto , shall be truly gratified with your correspondence .

      " I have no family of sons , but have two daughters , both married , one in Liverpool , to Robert Abbott , 8 , Elliot-street , ' Clayton-square , and the other to Robert Benson , in Preston , both wholesale grocers and tea dealers ; so that my own family interests form no part of my inducements , but au earnest desire to rescue my unprovided-for nephewa from the difficulties staring them in the ifcee in this country , as also to extend that probable benefit as widely as possible to my suffering countrymen . I have no wife living—am blessed with exceeding good health and constitution , with much ot the active energy of youth for such undertakings—perhaps superior—being more modified by experience .

      " Dr . Smiles appears to expect you visiting the States this present summer . Should this ba the case , perhaps some of your borne friends will favour me with the information ; if not , and this comes to your own hand , please favour me with your correspondence which I shall be happy to respond to . ' : I am , most respectfully , Your friend . Thomas Blvley . " Address me , t » the care of Joseph Wataon , Danker , Cock « rmouth . " To Mr . Pitkethly , Huddersflold , "

      Untitled Article

      g THE NORTHERN STAR-

      • Emigration.

      • EMIGRATION .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 15, 1843, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct941/page/6/