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Northern Star (1837-1852), 1st July 1843, Edition 5 of 5, Page 7, Untitled Article

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    • EMIGRATION.
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      Untitled Article

      WHEBE TO , AND HOW TO PBOCGEED . jfOlES OP -& IODB THBOTGH 1 PORTION OP CASULDA , i 5 D SBTEBAl OP THE STATES OP SOBIH A 3 TKXIGA , PAXUCHIASIT THE STATES OP v ^ K < t * rm ; tiii-ris . SBODX isiuAXD , ist tosk , PE 5 XSTLTASIA , OHIO , XICHIGAS , IXI 35 O 1 & , insGOSsrs , axd hew jersey , usdeboakes yiT XM A VUSW OP ASCKUTAIKI 5 G THE » ESIXABrtlTT , OK OTHERWISE , OP EXreBATIOH ; XSD TO JEDGE OP THB BEST 1 OCAT 1 OS , POH X 501 JSH KM 1 BSASTS , PSOH ACTOAX OBSEBTATIQ 3 . BY XAWBBNCE PlTKK ' fHLY , of Hnddexsfieia .

      ( Continued from our last weed ' s paper . ) HCKSEEWABD PASSAGE . ThcesdaT , Eridat , and Sa . tgbda"S , never out of ted . STT 5 DAT , 91 h- —During the last three days and nigbti j hsve not been on my legs ; 1 have not been -washed oi ibsvslj and Tfhat food 1 hare taken yna given -without josBasrsaon for my fljnsss . 2 ffy TreakneM rapidly -jocrsssed ^ sad 3 JeU into Triiat seemed more lite a jorpor than any state I can describe ; trat , evens )

      situjtefi , my mind ttu fixed upon the agents , oiraers , captain , and the -whole oe ^ r of pickpockets and destroyers sKisdr species trio had so crammed xhis small Yesel S 3 to make the air -we breathed all bnt u lad as that 3 n ths black hole © I Calcutta ; vrhIleihBTenfilation-W 28 JjyBoanfisns to $ » compared to the ^ common slavers on tiia coast of Guinea- Onr-condition "was truly abborent jo Jannan nature . BavslKng scenes -were cons&utJy ^ ccnirins in thia ^ en amon ^ the passengers ,-which I can rat

      describe-32 * -wind continued feYouiabl& Tms TraB my only { oasolalim . "We continued in our course ruining at fiie rate « f Bine or ten faiets an hour . This kept hope Bpon the "vnng . Testerday , an Irishman , \ rho vrent by the sdbngnd . of Mine Uncle , " from Sliiieral Point , Illinois , had his box ¦ rzshsd from the top altkehencoop on to the deck : 2 nd 3 ntbBfaH 2 weoTBMrasta } w £ edoff His dothes , which T ^ e of considerable valne , and £ is money , which con-Bsted , as he stated , of Basket England notes to a conp ^ Erable amount , and also a draft for a goodly sum , ^ Hre -wished into thesea . A number of passengers who itept in thB hen-coop vrere Bfiarly dto-WDed . They - » ere 3 b dxiger ol being crashed overbosnL The inhnmaniJy a ? ^ ninney-grubbers caused them to 1 » unplaced .

      5 ae storm abated ; and "with great difacolty and conquerable pain I reached the deck , and at all rusk * joolTed to keep ont of the "Calcutta hole . " Two ships -were in sight in the distance , to our Mht jLn Irish ? M , of rather lespecbible appearance , ¦ wham a poor sick old -woman had entrusted -with the key ol her box , -stole the money she had received of he sm topay ha passage home from I 3 verpooL Being ^ reataied , ahs tardily admitted the fact , iDishcadd a portion of the money from some part of her clothes , and promised to borrow the remainder next day ; it

      T 2 i produced . Icaitiroed rta former period thsl-somB Mgu&s had Knuinedonlxard througha subscripfion at New Yoik One of them , sfterinockmg down 3 Joche ' iclezk ,- » as , in-5 teafl oFfeangiakeoBskore and to justice , aBoirei to proceed on ^ BpaymentBf Haree dollars . This villain mia bought books , -whisky , * c and paid money for them ; ol course he mnst either ha-re had it -when the subscription -was m * ae , or hare robbed his iellov-passes gea ; possibly those * rery persons "who mbscribed topay for him . I had sufficient pi oof that many do pass and xepass from larerpool to New York , for no other object «•!""» plunder , and , as they 4 » H it , " a Bpree . "

      3 I 05 Dat , l # au—The -weather mild , Triih -wind tolerably fair . T » find -ti's \ t \ ' « to "vrrite a few notes is all but impossible , in censequence of the crowd and mBdiey , filth and susery . The state of the ship is snefa , thit to obtain a position -where to hare good air and be cet of a crowd is ntxt to impossible . 2 hare just overheard Mi . Bobinson relate to a tew of Ihe other cabin passengers , that Lord ilorpeth had , as a compliment , been presented to the bar at a place of some note in Eentociy ; and that the ladies had chained him -Kithiboori&uaea . Mi- Bobinaan had been mlormed that Mb Lordship had , -shils seated in the craapany of ladies , placed his hack against the Trail , sad east Ms feet otct the back of a second chair . This vaaeansjdereS'PerjTade . iords ahonld be careful "what Ihey do in such places .

      Ttesdat , llth . —We Trere nearly becalmed this morning . I wasTery much indisposed ; andas to taking ymrmt ** it "was - "wholly out of the question . Ck > nsegoenOy many parUcnlars must be passed OTer . I ought to hs-re obaerred that on Sunday my bedmate , -who professed to be a gentleman , and on coming on board he had something of that appearancs , had told some of the passengers that he had an income of £ 174 ; and to others he said he had £ 350 per amnm « , r ?« rmg from s flour mill , a starch manufactory , and other property ; be dose thrcgi as . they may , it was evident that he bad an inordinate penchant for onions , tobacco , and every description of ardent spirits . Well , on Sunday , he got excesHTEly drank , and kicked up a great disturbance . Mb moulded , in a perfectly ogicinal style , the most surprising oaths , and sent them forth out of a month -which seemed to take an entire sew form for the

      express purpose . They cams out -with amazing force and velocity , -volley after -volley in lapid succession , which caused some of the godlj to qsake with terror , while others felt assured thai the ship must go down . The fellow staggered , reeled , and tumbled down upon the boxes , exclaiming at the top of his -voice , in a peculiar lone : " Oierland , the holy cross , and Ban for ever ! 6 ed d n , and eternally d ^ s Sir Sober ! Pad xad the Tory Government 1 and eternally 6 u -all Ihs Tories 1 as& . &od ilfiss Daniel O'ConneQ . O—d

      fl—nTeargus O'Connor . " Be emphatically declared thit if Daniel CConnell would tell him to put a lisp , -mnaTitnj 7 light straw , into any man's house he Vzmld bum it down—that if he wsmld ask him to ihoot any mas , he -would do it—that if he asked him to so to heO , he would go to heli ! and swere 3 osay frightful oaths that no one could be a ehris Bsn unleas is possessed the sign -dl the cross . His coadaet seemed to gall his broths Catholics ; but 20 -effort of oihers could stop the torrent nntS it was ex-• KnwhMt

      WIDSESDA 7 , IBib- —A calm &sj , an < 3 I 3 » Teceen litle to get out of ihe black hole , called the second nbin . Had 1 not , 1 must very soon tore been the food of . fishes . A fish called a skipjack was caught to-day . It was somewhat like a mackerel , but thicker , and of a more sEvery hue ; is weighed about 2 ibs-Thcbsday . 13 Sh 3—33 ib "wind got tip this afternoon , ssd helped us once more on our course . Taesc-srsaa great s'dr to-day in the steerage , and among the steerage passengers on deck . Charges and counter charges , *^* " * "sti nTi and recrimination , attack and defence , cursing , swearing , every thing but blows ,

      were resorted to , and the utmost excitement prevailed during the whole day . The pickpockets and plunderers had , during the night , bBen inmmagmg . the trunks , barrels , and other packages . The passengers applied to thB mate for a lamp to burn during night , in ordo' t&at it might be seen by whom and when the depredii&ms were committed ; there was one on board sniraa for the purpose , snd ont of use . A sort of SSSent w promisBth&llbiB veiytriflaig boon should he granted , " 9 zt made ; but after rr ?« mg with the feelings of theipas-* enfe » it was xefnsed . The greater portion of the itesrage was as dark in . the day as in the night , and tEa opptatunity to robbers was only lessened by the -walchalness of the people .

      Pbidat , 14 th . — " Uncle Sam" having been -without «« n , fmjn qjb cirenmstance brfore stated , had bis rad npon Uje ioor of the Tound-hou&e on deck . Ha having given me a ^ hearty -welcome , I took possession of half Ms bed , where 1 had free air , and was released doid my " chum , " whose onion-eating , eternal smoking , * ad swallowing eraj kind of spirits he could reach , and not washing himself , had become most loathsome . Be-sasdnstastiy begging of poor families for a share of ifctsr provisions , is order to save his own . 1 tried every means in my power to set lid of him ; bnt to

      no purpose . Stick he-would ; and while be was engaged " * fcb -every other matter , he kept brawBng with all around , especially with the women . The fellow has ' not pat on one clean articie since he stepped en board . Be lias not -washed Hs skin , nor shaved himself ; and to is covered with grease and dirt from heaa to foou : » hre ids nnshom chin is clotted—O what a filthy **« - * 1 « Saed to purchase his share ol the berth . 1 oSdred to pat another inxp my place , bnt tonopurpo&B Ha parted with no moaey but for spirits ; he would ifcSfervB none for my accommodation .

      Sleeping in the zound-honse ib a great advantage . 3 be ar is not only good , bnt 3 am away from that wasUy rh-rvro "Qie bret 23 fair and strong , and running at a good r * le . S * 3 : c 333 ) at , 15 Hl—This is the day I had hoped to ie in liverpeol , fr * m the stats of the weather at xhe connntmcement , and the character of the ship . Bretze strong , bnt carrying us too fax northward . A JEport is in circulation th ^ t th « Ciptain ^ Tity ^ rt » nin-^ ng hf the north of Ireland , which would Tery much increase the distance . Bckday , 16 tb—ThB brea 9 confinues to drive ns northward . 1 have ao far recovered as to be able 10 feie a little extrclse .

      At the cookiiig grate , to-day , ocelriahman cnt another " wittiaheavy iron Lostruaient ; they quarrelled respecting which had the prior nght to occupy the fire . ilnch fighting tock place to-day from -radons csuses . 2 SO 2 EDAT , lTthv—The -wind has tiongsi . We are bearing npon Cape Clear , our proper . course . The brt * 23 being TEiy weak , "we are not soing •* a-heao . " 15 * Jiave been out sear three weeks , ana are still 700 Mies west of Greenwich ; -we were only 900 three days sg" with a lair wind . We coa-d not . get into port in fete ihan three days . At six P-H-, the bretfc approxi-3 BiV 4 to a hnrricane , and continued * o till ten . " Ctssit , l&h . —^ Xhe ttoTm has kept np ail night j XB 1 tais lEKEing the Tn ^ tn boom was split asray , and ^ sis saB w £ Bt oTia-boaro . At this moment we are fiaicg t stj hard npon a rough sea . A pwj fciioTf from Falkirk is jnst taken ill of fever , * ca r *?^ very xrach ; tfctie ib - » tO 7 Eir-V attention Jala Mei , and scarcely one parrickt of sjn . j . aisy ex-

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      tended to him . He iB in the steerage , which is even "worse than the second cabin . The captain canjnofc deign to notice any one , well or sick , who did not pay 100 dollars for a cabin fare . When very ill indeed , I was three days before I conld have a litUe medicine . The Captain wears fine-coloured gloves on board , and altogether is a very " fine" twhi . * Wkdsesdat , 19 th . —The morning very squally , approaching a hurricane , accompanied by some snow . About noon , the -weattm cleared , the "wind on ou bow , or Dearly a-heafl . About one ire saw Cape Clear , and at nightfall we could distinctly aee the light from the Cape lighthouse . The night was fine , the moos shining forth in all her glory . The wind being fair , and the breeza full , we made way in grand style .

      xHDBSDATj 20 th . —Th « wind continued fair during the night . 1 got up to view the IriBh coast The first oljcct ol importance was Waterford , our view of which was very indistinct The morning was exceedingly cold . Indeed it had been so for several days , i We soon met a fine steamer , which was repeiied to be the Caledonia , bound for Boston , but soon learned from the persons on board the Saitese light ship that she was the Cork steamer . The Caledonia soon passed us in the same direction . Last night a ship passed us , said to be the Rochester , ¦ which was appointed to sail two days after us . This ¦ was found to be a mistake . We eatr a number of vessels to-day of various sizss and classes , all of which we passsd . Towards evening the breeze increased , and we were carried forward at the rate of ten knots' an hour to Holyhead , which we reached about nine p . m . The strong ereezs had got us too close upon the land , and -we were obliged to tack .

      We have en board seventeen cabin passengers ; fourteen males and three females . The measurement of the second cabin is 27 by 21 feet in height The top step , of the ladder , by which males and females , adults snd children , have to pass to our department , is 3 feel 4 inches ; and the full extent from said step over a bar to the deck is no less than 4 feet 4 inches , and which females of all ages have to stride at once in passing np and down . This is another specimen of Yankee decency . A Mr- Button , of New York , and a friend of his , both mechanics , made the measurement The following is a list of the persons crushed into this small airless place . A second cabin indeed !

      Berths , Persons . No . J Mrs . Midhope , Mrs . Gibson and daughter 3 2 2 Sr . Bussell , his "wife and child , 3 3 Messrs . 'Woodman , Withsms , and Williams ... 3 4 Barbara Bum , Catharine and Ann Bache 3 5 ' — Potter and another .. 2 6 Davis , his-wife , son , and daughter ...... 4 7 Hntton and Gay 2 8 Mr . Woodman ' s maid and three children— 4

      9 Pltkethly and Blakey 2 10 Mrs . Woodman and Miss Falls 2 11 HughAgnew , and a Yankee . 2 12 Mrs , Fidlerand MissAgnew 2 13 Hallidayand wife 2 14 Field and Fleming 2 15 Mrs . Mac Yean and Mrs . Caithness and child ... 3 16 Berwick and another 2 17 Mr . Macdonald , wife and two children .. 4

      18 Patterson and Maloy .. „« »„ 2 19 Macaisally and Thompson _ . 2 20 Two men , names unknown .,. „ ...... 2 21 Woman and danghter ...,...,.. 2 22 Woman , Hobson , and child , from Sheffield ... 3 23 Two women ....... 2 24 Man and bis wife 2 25 Thomas and Henry O'Neal and Robert Boss ... 3 26 S . Black and John On . 2 27 W . G Shepherd , on the boxes .... 1

      65 Heave the reader to calculate how much space'is allotted for each person in which to breathe , to eat in , and to sit , after dbdnctang the room for the berths . Many had to eat their meals in bed , thejplace being so crowded . " : ilr . Hitchcock , who was " done" out of a berth , was pressed by the captain to pay the difference , and take a first cabin berth . Had it been my case I -would have had the captain before the magistrates as soon as I got to land . This aged man ntver had his clothes off during the whole passage ! but sat in the corner of the rounS-house every night and slept as he cooid .

      When in port , the round-house was carpeted ani m good order . When I paid my fares , the second cabin was « pen and airy ; bnt in two days after more berths "Were fixed , and the passage lor air dosed . Between the first and second cabins there was stowed a large quantity of flour and cheese . The captain was too " great ** a man to look into the second cabin or steerage . He never entered either during the voyage . The " petty" for the steerage passengers was a shocking filthy place . A ccmmtTcial traveller , was with ns , for whom a clergyman of J * ew York had engaged a berth with the proprietors of the ship , ( with whom he was personally aegnajisted , ) for which he paid twenty dollars , the engagement being that the gentleman was to aave all

      his meals in the cabin after the one hundred dollar passengers had taken theirs , and to have a bed in the cabin . This gestltman , had spoke to the captain , who , ordered the steward to get him some tea , appearing to have a clear understanding that the engagement was as described . Before the next meal was due Captain Bailey had directed « ne of his lackeys to inform Mr . Britain that he must eat his meals in the galley or dock- To this the gentleman quietly submitted ; and he breakfasted , dined , took tea and supper with the black cook , the cowkeeper , scullions , and hangers-on , in a black box ; and instead of sleeping in the cabin , he had no alternative but to sleep on the open deck ,

      exposed to every danger and every storm ; or in a partially covered division of the long boat among a little straw , where all that was between him and some sheep was a thin deal partition not over close in the joints , and qaiie open over top ! Two persona slept in a s » rt of recess at the top of the passage to the steerage , where all the stench and breath had to pass Irom below . ' It surprised me that they could live in it In-one division of the hencoop , which was ax feet square divided in two compartments , four persons in each— . . —— 8 Inthepotatoe hole ...... ^ t In a recess at the top of the ladder , the only entrance to the steerage-.. . „ ... 2

      Os the floor of the rennu house , sometimes -washed ^ rith thewBter - 1 . To sleep sitting in a corner of the round house , never having tad His clothes off hiB back , his feet during the -voyage , and his legs , often so swollen as to prevent him from patting on boots or shoes . — .. 1

      3 « Three sheep and four pigs occupied a position directly under the bertha . These animals were only separated from the passengers by a few open boards ; and every sea we shipped , washed in upon them . Duncan London , a poor -weaver from Paisley , had his box opened and a sovereign taken out , which was all the money he possessed . He was therefore left pennyless . I opened a subscription and obtained a little money for him , and intended to collect more when -we got on Bhore , Being too busy , I had to lend him money to pay his fare home . Many were plundered both of money and provisions during the

      -voyage . Fjriday , 21 st—Got ent of bed at a quarter to fon ^ o ' clock" in anticipation of being in port to breakfast ; but 1 found the ship beating against a head wind . She was running in a north-west direction , her proper course being due east It was exceedingly cold . We had several hail showers . Many vessels were in the channel , several of which passed as , towed by steamers , bonnd for New York . ' Several steamers offered their services to tow ns into port , which were refnsed . However , it was at length agreed that one of thstn should take the cabin passeBgers ashore . This was st dusk . I took the opportunity , and got into Liverpool about nine o ' clock , at ; which I had great cause to rejoice , as I learned when , the ship came up next morning , that the Captain and ; others had gone ashore and taken spirits en board , -with which many got intoxicated ; and dancing , singing , ' figliting , and the most riotoua and disorderly conduct was kept np during the night

      This evening I called npon several friends ; and after a sound alet-p on shore fe . t much refreshed . Satobdat , 22 nd- —The ship had just got into port when 1 went down this morning . Mi . Woodman got a cart and three strong men , and had ths Inggage token to the place of inspection , which is called the Depot To save exp ^ nce and inconvenience , and delay , luggage ought to be examined before it ia taken from off the Ship , US at BosloB . We had to wait a considerable lame for our turn ; and had to have it carried into » place and opened and searched , then \ o pnt np again and return to the cart This occupied the whole day , tall evening . Sdsdat MOBSiSG . 23 rd . I left by the first train for mj Iriend CrBrien's , at Secies , where 1 spent a pleasant day .

      MOSBAT , 24 th . —Left far Manchester by the fire : omnibiis for thai place , attended to some bnficeK , and arrived at hon > e in the evening , after an absence of icuz and a T »« . if months . j ^ g " In eorroborataon of the appalling facts here maae public by Mr . Pitkethly , as to the nature and extent of the accommodation provided for , and the trbatmtnt pursued towardB , the Emigrants on board oi Emigrant ships , we give the following extracts from a letter written by 3 dr . B * bert Anderson , who left Leeds

      for the United States at the same time that Mr . Pitkethly -went ont , ai > d who has ainee returned to and is at present residing in Xeeda . Indeed , Mr . Pitkethly and Mr . Anderson sailed in the same vessel outwards . as will have been learned from Mr . P . ' s Notes . It will be seen that Mr . Andersrn details scenes of bntality and TOfrmrotmty on board hit ship home again , which are a disgrace to the species , and londly call for strong interference , let ns hope that the publicity thu 3 tiven to them may draw the attention of the authorities to the question , and induce them to devise

      azemeoy . On Monday , Sept 13 th , 1842 , 1 engaged a passag « in the ship Shtffitld . Capl Allen , master ; we were hauled into Jfee river that aiternonn , sad , on the following any about noon , lelt Kew York . "We bad on board eightytwo steerage passengers , two Stowaways , ( persons ¦ w ho have no money and secret themselves until after the shir sails ;; and three or four Jimmy Dncks , ( men who had

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      gotten a passage for nothing , and are so called , because they feed and wait npon the ducks , hens , pigs , cows , &c ) . We had not so many passengers as might faave been ; but the room is generally apportioned to the number , so that we were crammed together as close as could be ; and until our boxes , &c were a little sided , we had scarcely room to stir . On Wednesday , one of the passenger ' s -wives -was taken ill , and in the course of the day was delivered of a cfeild . Yon are aware -what state the passengers are gener ally in for the first few days , sick as can be . and

      tumbling about in all directions . They wero in this state when the woman fell ill , and scarcely a female in the ship able to hold her head up . I had thought that Emigrant vessels were compelled to take a surgeon out with them ; and that , in snch a case as tfcis , sosie notice would be taken of the woman by the captain . But nothing of the kind happened here . The woman was compelled to doas she could , assisted by one of the passengers , a young man , who had had some practice as a surgeon , but was afraid of undertaking a case of midwifery . However , the child was born , and in lesB than a week after , the woman appeared the stoutest of her sex in the ship .

      Nothing particular occurred af > ei this for several days . We oontinned to get alocg at a fine rate , with tbe wind fair , and blowing rather strongly all the time On Thursday 23 rd , we were sadly put about at our end of the steerage , by the mate coming down and ordering us to remove our boxes from where we bad them piled , one on the fop of the other , and cAYivg in their place five or six great ropes which nearly filled between decks , and almost completely deprived us of room to stir . Saturday 26 th—Very stormy . Tbe cook , a coloured man , who slept close beside me , when getting up about five o ' clock , am , said it was " blowing like de berry debil" Some of the sails were rent this morning , and

      one of the sailors fell from the rigging . Hia leg was dislocated and other parts considerably bruised . The sailors ware all quite busy and dare not leave to attend him . Some of the passengers carried him to the top of'the hatchway , where he lay for some time , the captain taking no more notice than if nothing had happened . At length one or two of the passengers assisted our young I > oetor in getting his leg into joint again , after giving him a little brandy to deaden the pain . He was afterwards carried into the steerage , and Vwo of the passengers left their berth to make room for him . there being no place in the 'forecastle fit for him . Be lay there until binding , some of the sailors occasionally coming to see Mm : but the captain , I understand , never once asked how he was . .

      On Monday , the 2 Ttb , one of the passengers diet ] about one p . m . He had- been ill of consumption some time before leaving America , where be had lived about three years ; and bis brother waa attending him home to his native country , ( Ireland ) . Soon after he died they dressed him in a dean shirt front , and his brother , a Catholic commenced reading over him , and continued a considerable time . Soon after daylight , two of the sailors -were sent below to prepare him for . burial . They W 6 re not long in sewiug him op in an old sheet ; after which his brother again commenced reading , when he had done , they carried the corpse on deck ,

      where a board was placed , one end ou tbe bul walk , and the other on the end of a waterbr&ak . On this board they placed tae body , and , after filling an old potatoe poke with stones , and tying it to hiB legs , the captain appeared with a book in bis hand , and commenced reading the funeral service . When he arrived at that passage , " Ashes to ashes , and dust to dust , " the board was lifted on end , and ihe slid into the water . Nothing particular occurred ; after this until our landing . I remember yon complained sadly , on our outward bonnd voyage , about want of convenience ; but this ship was ten times worse in thst respect , though it was one of a regular line ef packets .

      Many of the passengers agreed to draw npa paper on the conduct of the Captain and want of convenience ia the ship , which all would willingly have signed , and which was to be published when ire got ashore ; but , as we had very little convenience U write , and all were anxiously looking for land , determined never to go to sea again in snch a vessel , it was neglected , and afber landing soon forgotten . The only place that we had as an apology for a " petty , " was a part of a tub , stuck close to tha bows of the vessel , under the " boatswain ' s forecastle" ( I think that is its name ., a place not four feet high : and to get to

      this we had t » scramble over the windlass and two or thiee authors , which made it impossible for any female to go , and likewise many males . This caused ua to have dreadful work in the steerage ; but the Captain cared nothing for what we endured there . Be scarcely ever left the quarter deck , and never once looked down the hatchway . The coals too ( a lot of Black ) were stuck in one of the most unlikely places , a dark hole that had bee- , a sailor ' s bunk ; and we were not allowed s shovel to lift them , but bad to scratch them up with our hands in the best way we could ; and with the same toolB threw ihs ashes overboard .

      I am sure the interference of Government is strongly required for the protection of Emigrants , to see that vessels taking such have ' sufficient room and convenience . : I dare say they think sufficient has been done by a late A ct of Parliament , which compels Captains to take on board a saffleient quantity of provisions , and to supply each passenger with a ponnd of bread stuffs daily . This makes it -worse than before . They are generally supplied with bread of an inferior quality for which they pay an additional passago money and which hardly can be us-. d . I saw several that had arrived in Mew Yvrk , by tbe ship Siddons , who were compelled to throw all they got of the Captain overboard . I remain , Yours , very sincerely , To Mr . Pitkethly . Robert Akdekson .

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      one signature tQ « petition , or one vote , electoral or legislative , to / orwardthe Repealofthe Union !! Mr . O'Connell states that which-he must know to bo false , when he charges us with tyrannically opposing any meeting taking place except for our own purposes , II will be Eufiicient refutation to point to the innumerable meetings that are now being held in England in support of the Repeal agitation . Ask the Sheffield Rapealeraif we have opposed their meetings ? Appeal to youy countrymen in this town and they will tell you that we set them the example of holding meetings in support of Ireland ' s LogisLitive Independence ; that without waiting for them , wa teok up the gauntlet thrown down by the tyrant aristocracy ^ and were the fiitst in Sheffield to raise tke gathering shout of "Repeal and Justice to Ireland . "

      The second charge is , that at one time the Chartists avowed physical force . Tbat'CharUst leaders have maintained the right of the people to resist force by force , we will not deny , Nay moro , that they may have maintained that the means which an O'Neill , a Wallace , a Tell ; and a Washington , ! scrupled not to employ to liberate their respective countries were quite as proper to be employed by Englishmen as by the people of Ireland , Scotland , Switzsriand , or America , we are not ashamed to confess . Ia page 4 < s of the Nation , ia a defict . iption of the " Volunteers New Card , " We Bhould like ; to know whether Mr . O'Connell feels scandalized at the portraits of the Irish monarchs and

      chieftains , given on the said card ? We have not heard that Brion ; the Hero of Muoster , ] or Hugh O'Neill , " the hope of Ireland , the terror of England , tbe conqueror of Clifford , Norris , De Burgh , Bagenal , and Essex , " ever scrupled to " avow physical force . " We reqneat ilr . O'Connell to read an article in the last Nation , headed «• The Morality of War . " He will and some good sense therein . Lastly , we request Mr . O'Connell ' s attention to his own speech at Cork , and the Bpetchefe of [ others of the Repeal ! leaders , whieh , whatever may be intended by the speakers , is denominated in this country as rank " physical forc 6 " by the enemies of Repeal . Mr . O'Connell should renumber that it is not safe for those who live ia glass houseB to

      throw stones . But we have committed the heinous offence of petitioning for the return of Frost , Williams , and Jones , " who were found guilty of high treason . " Paha ! so were all the patriots of Ireland , who dared to defend their country ' s liberties , from the invasion of the { Norman Barons down to the reign of CUatlereagh , guilty of " high treason" in the estimation of English tyrants . Yes ; but Fros ^ , Williams , and Joues were duly tried , and found guilty of "jhigh treason . " So was Robert Emmett ! and , had that unfortunate but immortal patriot been spared by' his executioners ; if , instead of murdering him on tha scaffold , he had bean banished to New South Wales , allow us to ask , would it not have been the duty of everyj true Irishman to have petitioned for Emmeto ' s restoiation , though he had buen found guiity of high ! treason" ? To be guilty of " hich

      treason" against tyrants is to be guilty of the noblest virtue of humanity 1 | Our fervent prayers are that Irishmen may never more bo bunted through the world as traitors , or punished on the scaffold as rebels ; but we warn Mr . O'Connell that success or failure makes all the diffjrence . The patriot triumpliant la » " glorious revolutionist ; "' but the patriot defeated ia a " traitor . " JDoaa Mr . Q'Couttell know that the Tory press writers are denouncing the Repeal agitation as " treason , " and calling for his punishment as a " traitor" 1 I Heaven forbid that we should ever have to pstition for banished Irishmen : ; but if in the book of fate it should be so written , English Chartists will not be unmindful of their duty ; and in the meantime we beg to assure Mr . O'GonneU that We shall continue , as heretofore , to uae all constitutional means for tbe restoration of our unjustly expatriated friends .

      Mr . O'Connell ' s third charge against the Chartists , ia , " that they are Uie greatest set of blockheads that ever existed . "—his reason—* ' that they are n 6 t satisfied with obtaining their demands by degrees , but insist on obtaining the whole at'jottee . " Mr . O'Connell now calls the ChartiBts blockheads , " though he has said that , " He who is not a Chartist is either a knave who profits by ihe evils of misrule , or a fool upon whom fads and reason make no impression" ! As to our refusing to take our demands by degrees , it will be time enough when we are offered part of tbe Charter and refuse to take it ( as a means ef getting the rest ) for Mr . O'Connell to abuse us . In the meantime " the Charter , the whole Charter , " is our rallying cryjand bond of strength .

      A number of influential persons have lately joined the Repeal Association who are avowed Federalists . What if the Federalists were to abuse Mr . O'Connell for cramming the whole Repeal down their throats , and for not agitating for less than entire Repeal ? Mr . Jonu O'Connell ' s Boctrine , that if forced t » take Federalism , the Repealer would do so Out only as an " instalment , " while they will agitate only for total Repeal , is good . The Chartists have never said they would refuse a part of the Charter if forced upon them instead of thowhoie ; bat-thuy would be " blockheads" indeed to agitate for less than the entire of what they conceive to be bare justice . Mr . O'Connoll says we are weak . The best answer to that is , that the Repealers in England know . tbe importance of our co-operation , and are happy to have and thankful for bur aid .

      Mr . O Connells ' i last charge that the Chartists are Tory tools , or in the pay of the Tories , we will not deign to reply to . The calumny is too silly , too W biggish , to be treated seriously . We fling it back with the scorn it merits . ; We have done with Mr . O'Connell ' s speech . , We pass by the letter of Mr . Ray to the London Repealers on which we might have commented , but that we think the columns of the Nation may be be better occupied . Aa to poor Tom Steele , his ravings about " miscreant Feargusites" are beneath even contempt We have one fault to flnd with the Nation and but one . That 1 b , the wholesale denunciation of Englishmen

      under the term " Saxon . " The Editor of the Nation must know that the term is altogether misapplied . The first invaden and desolators of Irtland were Normans or the direct descendants of the Norman banditti . The Saxons had been previously reduced and subjugated before Ireland was invaded under Henry II ., a Norman King . Some of the wisest laws and noblest institutions that were ever established in any nation were the work of the Saxons ; but these were all violated and trampled on in England » y the Norman spoilers long before the invasion of Ireland . Would ; that we had Saxon justice instead of Norman oppression in the present day . '

      Why should Englishmen be denounced simply because they are Englishmen ? Mr . O'Connell , according to his speech at the Drogheda banquet ,: has but one million of enrolled Repealers , though he demands three millions to achieve hiB object . Can he then afford to make enemies where be should be gathering up friends \ Why not act upon the sublime sentiment proclaimed by Mr . Grattno , at the above banquet : — ' ? We hold out the right hand of fellowship to all without distinction of weed ; and we are willing to make up past differences with the English ? " We can assure the Editor of the Nation that hearts panting for Ireland ' s redemption beat not more fervently in the breast ^ of Irishmen than in those of tens of thousands of the much abused English Chartists . :

      One word more ; The sympathy and assistance of Americans and Frenchmen is courted and received with thankfulness : —yet the former ate the defenders and tolerators of slavery , and the latter allow of tbe existence of a despotism scarcely less hideous than that of the Russian Autocrat . Even the bloodstained Orange faction , —the Clones assassins , and DuDgannon wreckers , —are courted by Mrl O'Conubll to join the Repeal agitation ! All—all are : welcome but English democrats , f whose principles teach them that ' * where one nation is oppressed all are oppressed ; " and that " men of all countries are brothers , and the people

      of eaoh ought to yield one another mutual -aid" —They are excluded , slandered , and spit upon I The man who seeks tojperpetuate religious animosities ia a monster ! and he who seeks to uphold national antipathies is but little better . In conclusion we beg to assure our Irish brethren that calumny shall not de er us from the performance of what we know to be our duty , but that to the beBt of our ability we are determined to aid and assis t them by ali legal and constitutional means in their elorioua struggle fov the Repeal of the atrocious Acs of Union , and the restoration of their country ' s freedom . George EvrNSON , Chairman .

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      HARMONY HALL . LETTER XVI . TO THE EDI TOO OF THE NORTHERN STAB . Sir , —I have , in this letter , to cuwm « tice some remarks en the Preliminary Charter , set forth by Mr . Owen ; but before doing so , I must refer to the letter of Gracchus , in this day's paper . : I again admit most freely the defect of electing the Presidents , and shall be glad to have pointed out to me bow this can be avoided ; but the difference between the election of an individual in each locality , to form tbe centra of the Association ; and that of having a number , howevert well-informed , who inay be most

      conscientiously of different opinions , as to the mode in which thty should proceed , must bo admitted by Gracchus to be very different A reference to my letters will show that the society I propose to establish win be universal in its objects ; snd it is utterly impossible for any society to proceed on universal principles , unless all is done in a spirit of unity . This unity will not admit ot the differences of opinion which must inevitably result from elected councils . The more ! powerful the minds , the more likely are they to neutralise each other , and prevent an advance being made . / '

      Gracchus gives a list of checks and preventives which are , I too well know , most necessary at present , even among those who are professedly associated for the highest and noblest purposes ; but the times will soen Imperiously demand far more trust and confidence to be reposed in those who shall lead us from the misery in which all are now involved , to that peace and happiness which may immediately result from one strong united effort , havicg the happiness of ali in view , directed by persons well acquainted with the sciences of human nature and of society , aoting in that unity which thtse sciences wiil ensure , under one strong and vigorous mind .

      I am well aware that the subjects I am to treat of , snd the manner iu which , as parts of one great nod comprehensive design , I em obliged to writu ui Ibeui , may render me , for a time , difficult to be uuderstmd ; but as the subject progresses , I have strong hop « of ren-

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      dering it bo clear and intelligible to those who will attentively peruse these lettersj that we shall soen see a dear and distinct path before us , which will lead to the happiness , of all . In the meantime , although I write for universal principles and universal objects , I am well aware of the transition or intermediate processes , through which meu ' s miada must ] &aM fcefore a desire for them will be general . But we live in no ordinary times : the events J */*"" now crowding lnt <| weeks , . and even daya Old things are passing away ; ana what appears powerful to-day , is to-morrow weak andlwitbout strength . The human mind is now being greatly expanded , and the confusion of existing arrangements is very evident The rulersor the people are in many respects far behind them in intelligence ; and when the great body shall shall have learned how to organise their strength , on sound principles of equal justice to all , they may immediately begin to enjoy everything necessary for their

      comfort , well-being , and happiness . If We look to the events of ' the past week , we shall find that there are very strong indications of the Government being unable much longer to carryforward the common business of the { country ; and I would seriously aak whether , as friends of order , we are at all prepared to advise what shall be done for our own preservation . It may be well to aak for such changes as shall prevent our being longer ! under the guidance of thoBe who are incompetent ta | direct ow affaire ; but have we provided , or are we taking the necessary steps to provide , any whe shall do better ? The state of Wales appears jlikly soon to be as troublesome as that of Ireland ; and if the present stagnation and gloom , which hangs over many large branches of our trade , contiunes ( and there appears little prospect of a favourable change )? we may expect such convulsions as will not fail soon to be strongly felt through every portion of the social fabric

      I must not , however , continue longer to digress ; my business now is to revert at length to some points of Mr . Owen ' s Preliminary Charter , and show their relative importance , when compared with other objects , which now engage the public mind ; and I shall , therefore , commence with the first point , namely—National productive employment for all who require it ] The first duty required , of whoever undertakes the administration of the affairs of this country at the present period , is to find national productive employment for every individual within it who requires such employment ; and this may be immediately done , at good wages , With tbe greatest possible advantage , both to the employers and the employee ! . Many of your readers will , I | have no doubt , be very much surprised at this assertion ; and wonder if it be true , why such a measure is not adopted : bnt a little reflection will soon point out the reasons .

      National employment , however desirable , can only be introduced in connection with other measures of vital importance , without whick it would tend to increase that financial embarrassment which is now producing snch an amount of misery among all classes . Let us look , however , at seine few national worka , which might immediately be commenced , to give those who require it employment , and at the earae time produce advantageous results for all . 1 st—The whole country shquld be forthwith surveyed , as one great estate , by the most practical and intelligent minds , with the view of ascertaining the extent of its capabilities in every respect , and the manner in which these may be best developed , in order to provide for the wants of all ] the inhabitants . This survey to be quite irrespective of the present mode of living , either in towns , villages ' , or country resiliences , as these may all be gradually superseded by far superior dwellings , combining the advantages of all , which in due time all would desire to remove to .

      The survey should also include the estimating of all private property ,. whether lands , honBes , stock , machinery , or any other description ; which should be duly registered , and if required for national purposes should be paid for at good full prices . 2 nd—As rapidly as these surveyors could report , which by fixing on some central point of operation , and taking care to employ all the practical men who aie disengaged , under ono superintending mind , as the chief of this department , might be in an incredible short

      space of time ; it would be desirable to place npon the land , as nearly as possible jin such occupations as their previous habits have fitted them fez , all who are unemployed and to give them such remunerating wages , aa sbauld make them good customers to those who are employed in the other various branches of trade , whilst they are engaged under the instructions of the chief surveyor in carrying out one uniform design of providing a new and superior state of existence for man , adapted to tbe improvements made in every department of science daring tbe last century .

      Under this survey , agriculture , gardening , mechanics , chemistry , in fact every science must be carried to the highest possible extent , for the new arrangements ; and the chief thing that will bej wanted to accomplish the work will be an additional supply of labourers in every department . { 3 rd—Having a clear intelligible plan or system on which to proceed moat advantageously and economically , the people on the laud should keep it continually in the highest state of order and cultivation ; and to turn the

      natural advantages we possess tojthe best account , we should next proceed to build superior dwellings for the whole population . These dwellings in the same manner as the cultivation of the soil ' , should combine the highest inventions of the age ; and should be so constructed as to contain in eaoh family , such numbers , as shall be best adapted to be systematically employed to produce wealth ; to distribute the wealth justly to all when produced ; to train or educate every individual from birth to death ; and to govern all on terms of equalju 8 ticeto all . |

      It would be easy to proceed enumerating other works by which national employment c ^ uld be given ; but aa these would occupy not only the people of this country , but of any otbsrs that have an idle population ; and aa tbe commencement would give an immediate iiujwtus to every description of trade , I elefer from pressing a portion of any subject that must | be self-evident to all who reflect : and I would here ask what is tbe impediment to the task being immediate !]? commenced ? To this I reply , nothing but a want of unity in the public niiud . The advantages to dvery individual must be so apparent that nose can seriously contemplate tbe

      proposal without desiring to see it effected : but every one will begin to cry out ( or its being done in bis own peculiar way i and It Is here that | my feiend Gncchus , must , I think , see the advantage of having no election in practical matters . j Here is a plain simple plan of giving employment of the most beneficial , healthful , and ] delightful character to every individual who seeks it—Ihe may have plenty of wages in order that he may create a demand for those who are now clamouring that we niay be allowed this or that mode of producing cheaper ^ and of exporting to every distant country while our own people a ? e ill fed , ill clothed , ill lodged , and have a gloomy prospect for the future before them . i

      Some will perhaps aak , " Wherep the money to come from that is to pay tha wages ? " atfd in due time it will be for me to shew this , which is as easy as any other portion of the subject . In the meantime I will ask the impatient , " cannot paper , or any other material , equally as well represent labour , er fixoti wealth , as gold and silver ? " The representation of wealth is the only value of money . ] Others may perhaps say , " Are -we to wait for the completion of a national survey which ] is only to commtneo after our present rulers have agreed to grant one ? ' * To this I would reply we should waii for nothing . Let us use every exertion , but let it be made in the pursuit of great , noble , and universal objects . Whilst we content ourselves with petty , trifliog personalities , or in pursuing short-sighted and partial ] measures , we shall find that misery will advance with far more rapid strides than we shall flnd means to avert * it . If on the other

      hand , we can proceed at once to the universal ; see i 1 every human beiug a friend and brother ; and let every thought , feeling , and impulse , be jdirected to the promotion of the happiness of all , then , and not till then , will man begin to know in what ! bis individual selfinterest truly consists . j Before tbe survey to which I allude could be made , nothing would be easier than for j the Government to promise the purchase at remunerating prices , of all the various descriptions of wealth that pay be produced for a certain period ; aud in every locality , they may readily place upon the land in any manner locally convenient those who are not otherwise provided with

      oniploya I meut j It would be pleasant to proceed at much greater length witk this saV . jrrt , but inyi usual space is now filled , and I dislike waking my letters tediously long ; but I would here remark , the desire for being eiaployed is natural to man , If beneficial employment hi always atcommand . it wil ) most rapidly improve tb- habits aud manners of all ; for nothing is so decfructive of sound morality as idleness : and nothing coulu b » more economical than for the Government immediately to take such a business as I have now recommended in

      hand witnout delay . j One thing is certain ; the heavy pressure of necessity is upon K 8 , aud soiiiethins : must speedily be done . If any vt your readers have a butter piftn bufore them , no one will rt joice more at it than 1 shall ; in the meantime 1 will continue to point eut | other portions of this , as I think it one that may easily be carried into effect . j I am , Sir , your obedient servant , William Galpin . Harmony Hall , Hants , June 24 , 1843 . ., , »_~ - ~ , L ~

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      It is thesa reasons and opinions tbatfh : ; Trgactuated me in my opposition to Mr . Gajpin ' s Imperial President , vested with despotic authority . Fellowmen , I flatter myself that in the course of my former letters I have produced arguments safficieot in favour ot < or dearest principles of democracy to convince the careless or tbe wayerer 8 , if any such there be , of the necessity in all societies of acting thereon . There may be faults in a democracy , more or less ; bat they may be removed by a sound education of every child in tbe . state • for when tbe people know the right

      they will do it A nation cannot have an interest in doing wrong . A faction may ; a party may . Where a party governs , they are for the most part interested in doing . wrong ; in educating the children wrong ; in maintaining party and clas 3 distinctions . Their assumed or acquired power over the many will beget this inclination to wrong ; a growing inclination ; until , ¦ as in our country , and indeed all ethera , wealth , honours , and influence are in the bands of the few , and labour and destitution the lot of the many . Right and wrong are soon reversed . Wrong is made right and right wrong !

      Yes , brothers , a democracy wDl ps ? take of Uiejfaulta of the people . A monarchy of the faults of the monarch . An aristocracy of the faults of tbe mobility . A class representation ( or extended oligarchy ) of the faults of the electoral class . The first will be interested in well-governing or benefitting the majority of the nation . Th < i second ia benefiting himself and his body-guard of minions . ' The third , themselves and dependants , and hired bravoes . The latter , in benefiting themselves at the expense of all the others . But . as the Monarch snd Aristocracy may be too strong for them , they will fall on the weak , and make them weaker still .

      Therefore , a nation that is cursed with a Mongrel Government will have to endure all the horrors of the worst ot hells upon earth ; whilst the triple-headed Cerberus guards the gates , and gloats over their torments t A representative body will of course ever be a reflex , to a considerable extent , of the electors : tainted with their faults , and tinted with their virtues . But , generally , men of no mean capacities ; for the most ignorant do not choose the most ignorant to represent tkeni , ot to do their business . Oa the contrary , they generally choose those they think more " lamed" fhaii themselves , or possess some extra ability euited tojthe work they want done .

      There will , no doubt , be men iu all mich assemblies far in advance of the age in general intelligence . Such men will find their brother deputies checks to their extensive desires and prrjecta ; and . perhaps necessarily so ; for , in some instances , if they backed their pians , they would not be doing their duty to their constituents , who could not comprehend tha advanced plans , and who would therefore mar the work , which would thus become so much dead matter , and , for the time , uselfgs labour . These hiijher irUe'ligences cannot become leaders of the people ! But they may be pioneers , nailing tbe people on wards!—great spi R ) ts , whoso lights shine , but cannot be penetrated by those of their generation !—SPtitns who cry " come on . " The multitude hear , and gradually , but almost Imperceptibly , move ' towsrds their better views .

      But such men must not . therefore , be given the power to rule their less intelligent fellows , seeiug that THEY cannot COMHonL the siiND ; for by such vested power they would destroy their own natural powertbe force and weight of their teaching ; that power , which by its silent secret workings , makes them great , and their labours ultimately triumphant . I am prompted to these observation * by the information given at tbe Congress of tbe Rational Society , by one of the members , to the effect that they would not have entertained the idea of such a form of government as Mr . Galpin advocates , but for the purpose of retaining Me Owen ' s services to the Society . Now , if this be tbe reason , or one of them , I must ( in Parliamentary phrase ) call it a " dangerous precedent" to entrust

      power to an individual because we respect him or love him ; power , which so few men aTe capable of wielding without begetting a love of power . How unwise to break through the golden ruie of self-government , or general government , whick years and ages have shews to be so necessary to all associated people , and return to individual or party authority , which history hath proved so dangerous , and tbe cause of bo much evil to the human race ! Verily this appears to be " advancing backwards , " as Paddy would say . It is with much pleasure , however , that I reeord the fast that there was a strong party of democrats in the assembly of Social Delegates , who maintained the necessity of Congress appointing the Council , and opposed to vesting th « President with the power of dismissing them .

      As politicians we have piofesaed and taught the immutable truths of democracy in opposition to the erroneous doctrines of imonarcoy aud aristocracy . We have battled with the right divxu « of Kings , iind the vested rights of nobility ; and have acknowledged none other rights than those that are founded on tiath and justice . It was the successful teaching of these doctrines ; tha great party we had cteattd under their influence ; the willingness , zeal , and industry , of our numerous advocates ; the readiness with which they hsZird ^ d their liberties and lives in the cause ; the trials and troubles our party have endured , and still stood firm to the cause , —a strum ; phalanx rendering futile all tbe attempts of Governmeat to put them down ; it was all these things , together with the fact that we had lived through so much persecution ; through a Whig and Tory crusade , carried on to anuihilaie out party . it was all this- thatI recorded as " evidence of A PROUD

      p osition , " and not ths barely hazarding our lm-a and liberties in the struggle , aa Mr . Gilptn , in paragraph 6 in Letter XIV , assumes . But I too , hope that we shall find . " an easier and a better mode of accomplishing whit all nt as desire "; and therefore do I set forth the necessity for more expended operations being undertaken by the Chartist body . Paragraph seven says : — " With regard to the theory laid down by Robespiere , it is quite inapplicable to the universal and eternal truths -on . which alone I propose that we should form this association ; " and then Mr . Galpin proceeds to lay down that " the rights , the interests , the duties of man sue all universal ; and ifc ia only in proportion as W 6 can embrace this idea that we shall be enabled to progress to tiut higher and

      better destiny , which I believe is ready for us , as soon as we can be sufficiently united to receive it" Now this idea is what Robespierre and the democrats of France sought to inculcate , and to establish their Repubiic on . It is the very idea on which the Charter is founded . It is what we have been continually teaching ; and if the theory of Robespierre named in ckis paragraph is not applicable to the three fundamental truths published by Mr . Owtn , it is suvely applicable to this idea that Mr . G . declares so necessary to our just progression ! Indeed this thsory of Robespierro on the rights of man , is as much a fundamental truth aa those named by Mr . CK ; and as necessary te be taught to aud acted upon by all nations as any other truth . There are other fundamental truths necessary to be we ! I understood for the well-being of mankind , to which I shall draw your attt-ction at a future time ; fu ; - the

      present I rauat conclude by directing the attention of the reader to Mr . Hill ' s announcement among his last week ' s rep . i « 3 s to correspondents , that he ia pruparing a plan which he will shortly submit to tha CLartists , for their approval , under which we may establish a Safe Association , it being enrolled under the Beneint Societies Act The appearanc « of this plan I acxieusiy dtsira The announcement of it hath given the greatest pleasures that I have experienced for some time ; and I d : iubc not but tbe work will ba well -ort ! . y f our adoption . For this plan I would ailvis .. n , ' my brethren , to wait and aae it , before you tUc . 4 » tha day of tie National Delegate Meeting , that tho good may be dono at odcu , aud our society placed in that sUong and healthy position so much neecied . I remain , Yours in hope , GftACCUtS .

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      THE CHARTISTS OF SHEFFIELD TO THE EDITOR OF THE NATION . Patriotic and bespected Sir , —It is with inexpressible pain that we address yon on the subject of this letter ; but justice to ourselves , and justice to that cause of which you are the talented , eloquent , and dauntless advocate , forbid us to be silent . We , tha Charti 3 ts of Sheffield , have for Borne weeks past been iu tbe habit of reading your excellent paper . With delight we have perused your soul-stirring appeals to the bouI of Erin , to " remember the days of old , " and strive lite men for the restoration of their country ' s nationality . With feelings indescribable we have read tbe accounts of the magnificent Repeal gatherings , and the magic eloquence of O'Connell ' s orations ; and our heaits heaved with joy at th 6 anticipation of the bright future in store fer Old Ireland .

      Mr . O'Connell had repeatedly libelled and rootl uDJusUj as ^ aileJ us ; but the moment we heard of tbe threats of liis and his country's enemies , we r- ^ . 'ived to throw ourselves into the heat of the coniict . and te bary in $ be grave of oblivion all past ; differences that had hitherto kept txs and our Irish brethren divided . Onr actions h&ve been in accordance with our resolves . We have btid two or three rneciings weekly , almost solely for the discussion of Irish grievances ; we have held two lEjrce epen-air meetings at which we adoptou petitions to both HouseB of Parliament , protesting sgaia-v the dismissal of Ireland ' s popular magistrates , p •¦ £ nr ~ iBEStfc » pasBingof tbe monstrous Arms Bill ; - ¦ > e bi-. c adopted an address to the democrats of Eng-1 _ do , urgii .-g them to aid and assist in the Repeal agitation-, in fchort , we have done , are doing , and ( despite Mi . 0 Council ' s calumnies ) will continue to do , all that in our power lies to help our Irish brethren in their elorions struggle for liberty ' s triumph .

      The Chartists throughout England and Scotland are pursuing the same course of-true patriotism . And what is tbe return we have met with ? The Btrangebt calumnies , the most stupid slanders , beaptd upon na by the great leader of the Repeal movement , Mr . O * ConnfcU ! In proof of thla we need only refer your readers to the speech of Mr . O'C at tbe Corn Exchange reportedin your paper of Saturday hut Mr . O'Connell ' a first charge asrainst the English Chartists , iB , that "they are Trwie outrageous tyrantsthan the Govermetd of the / ris * lA > rd Chancellor ; - ' for they tpnatftJcaUy oppose any meetings taking place except for ihexruwKpvrposes .

      We suppose Mr . O'Conneli alludes to our opposition to the Corn-Law Repealers . We have opposed them , because their agitation is a humbug . But we have opposed them by fair argument and beat them by the force of convinced numbers . We have never used vio > ence , though the most dastardly violence has often bein employed against us . We point Ao the scenes enacted in Stevensonts-gquare , and the Hall of Science , Manchester , for proof of this ; when Irishmen were sat on to assauit and wound English Chartists by tbe ruffian Com- Law Repealers , who would not gine one shilling ,

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      THE NATIONAL BENEFJIT SOCIETY . THE CUABriST MOVEMENT . —OUR PROUD POSITION . TO THE CHARTIST PpBLIC . Brothers IN Bondage , —Soeing that all tbe nations of tbe earth have btwn ill-governed by monarchies , oligarchies , or aristocracies for a ^ ea of their existence ; seeing : that under them the ireful in asses have been , enslaved and oppressed by tts > j liseesa few ; saving that the power of this few must have first begim in small thinjj 8 apparently necessary , and extend by little and little , through the eimplicit ; of [ the many and the craftiness of tbe few j sp '>| r thnt ppch hath bf-en the woiuiinKS and stealthy ulian ; . 4 at" power oace avqiirea , 1 think we should eyeful . quwt'od the necessity for vesting power in the Lands of auy man or body of men : aau ere we givo power t <> our oflieer |» , be antr . am that we have power auffiti ^ nt to check its undue extrcise . )

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      A Meeting was Jately hold In the Queen '; - prison , Mr . Oastler in the chair , when it wa * iv .-olved tn ^ a subscription be raised to aid the defence of Mr . Lusfordv who had escaped from ? lie- prison , in order to meoc the question of the mju-tiee of impris = onu-erit for deb ' . Tii < 3 assistance of the public for that purpose is also iaroked . The Membkbs for Sheffield . —It havi :: ^ been undeistood that there waa a probability .. the resignation of our borough members abou : the close of the present sessions , we may now state thac their retirea > ent is not likely to take place at present . With regard to tbe courss they may take u < -xt session , it would be oremature now to indulge ia auy anticipations . —Sheffield Iudependunt .

      Providential Escape . —On Thursday week , Mr . John Fc-aron , painter and paper-banger , of this town , experienced oneof the most extraordinary and providential escapes from death that we ever remember to have heard or read of , even in romance . I' appears that Mr . Fearon , who ha i business at Carlisle , entered the railway train &t M iryporJ ; but , whilst the carriages were yet at a considerable distance from- Wigton , his hat , by some accident with which we are not acquainted , either fell or was knonked off his head . Started at the biuidennfiss of the occurrrence , and forgetting ih ^ extreme danger to which be exposed himself , Mr , E ' earon made a desperate attempt to catch the hat ia Us fall ; in doing which , he lost his balance , and was thrown to the ground with great violence . An alarm was

      instantly givtfri ; but , before the engines could bo stoppod , the whole of the train bad passed by . On hastening to the assistance of the unfortunate gentleman , whom no one expected to s «« alive , they found him lying quite insensible , with his back quite close to , and' parallel with , the rails—so close , indeed , that the wheels in passing had cat a strip clean out of his coat , from ihe collar down to the skirts , one of which was also clipped away . In the fall , he had likewfco injured thu back part oi'his hsad , &nd o ' . hvr parts of his body ; but not sostriously as was at fir ^ t aa . ic vat » : d . In fact , noiwith * standin- ' tiis appalling Ua ,: ure o the accident , and the ii < juries ho had su 3 ' j .. 'ied . Air . Fearou was eiiabi . d to continue hie- j ^ uruey ; and is now , we sr « i iaooy to ; 'dd , in a great , nr . asura recovered . — Whitehaven Herald .

      Untitled Article

      THE ENGLISH CHARTISTS , versus OC 0 NNELL . TO THE EDITOE OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Patbiotic Sib . —The following letter unanimously adopted &t a meeting of the Sheffield Chartists , held on the 12 th of Jnne , 1843 , was sent to tbe Nation tor publication . It was posted on ths 13 tb , and after a lapse of eight daya has been returned into my hands this day , accompanied by a note from a person in the office , declining to publiflh the said latter as not being advisable because calculated to produce further discussion—at tbe same time handsomely acknowledging the " kind mention" « f the Editor « f tbe Nation in the said letter .

      Deeply regretting that , that gentleman has not seen the propriety of allowing the reviled EngliBh democrats fair play in bis paper , yet seeing the necessity that exists of so far as possible setting ourselves right with onr Irish brethren , at present too widely misled by the slanders and falsehoods of -our shameful calumnitors , I have to request that you will oblige the Sheffield Chartists by publishing in your columns their letter to the Nation . I can see no evil in a fair discussion between ourselves and our traducers , no matter who they may be : but a discussion which ia all on one side ; which allows our accuser not only to do us an injury , but also most materially to obstruct the progress of right principles , is " the very < leviT" 1 a sort of disenssien which however consonant it may he with tbe Elitof of the Nation's ideas of propriety , will , I trust , not be countenanced by the Northern Star .

      I am , Sir , Tours faithfully , George Julian Habket Sheffield , June 22 , 1843 .

      Untitled Article

      THE NORTHERN gTAR . 1 7

      Emigration.

      EMIGRATION .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 1, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct939/page/7/