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TO THE IMPERIAL CHARTISTS.
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GLORIOUS DEMONSTRATION IN LEEDS IN FATOUB OF IRELAND AND THE REPEAL OF THE LEGISLATIVE UNION.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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Mr dei 3 FsiKtDS , —In a leader in last week ' s Star , the Editor , in speaking of my joining the Repeal Association , says that he is glad that I got a rap on the knuckle ^ r * for my over ze&L It is not the first I hare had j nor , I fear , will it he ' the last . I howeter entirely agree with the Editor , flat it was merited ; while I think a majority iriD pity those "who gave it more than him who iseervedii . I am now going to write about oim own xs jates ; and I hare the consolation to know that when I write for men engaged Ins honest straggle for Ebertys instead of ** a lapon the knuckles , " I recetre correction in the mildest form in which sound reason and good feeling can administer it .
" W 3 E 3 ICST 250 W 2 B-OBG £ KJZ £ i "Wfi BlUSt St&Tt from that point where we were stopped 1 ^ he-preliminary step which I propose is the appointment of * General Secretary , pro tern ? to whom nominations shall be sent preparatory to the Election of an Executive ; and as we mnst place confidence somewhere 5 and as Mr . "Wheeler has already filled that ciB . ce daring the ahsence of the late Secretary ; and as he was elected by his own order , and discharged the duties to their satisfaction ; I propose that he shall be the man and that when the yotes are to be taken for the Executive that a delegate shall be appointed from each Chartist district in London , to aid and assist him in making his retain .
"When an Executive is elected , they should , in my opinion , call a Conference of Delegates , to whom all Plans of Organization shall be submitted t for the purpose of agreeing upon such plan as shall best snaon poafion , and guard the body from any legal persec ution . That is , to digest and adopt a good , sound , legal plan of organisation , by which the Executive , the local officers , and . Jhe members , shall be formed . This done , I shall make a bold push to procure some central commodious building
in London , as the . property of the Association , as ihe centre and rallying point ; the building to be used as I pointed flnt in a former letter upon Organization : for , rely upon it , that the Chartist body sever win prosper until it has " head < raarters f and I know of no place so fitting as the Metropolis of the oonntry . Howerer that wiQ be a subject to be hereafter submitted to any Conference that may be assembled . The election of an Executive is ihe first step ; and one which is indispensable to our existence as a party .
We £ n £ the " GompJete Snfirage" men , as they fall themselves , uniting with the leaders of . the anti-Corn Law League , and endeavourim ; » nce more to ddnde the people with masked principles . It Is high time list we should be up and doing ! Above and before all , it is necessary , that we be on our guard against the machinations of villains rum traversing the mwntry , rs tttk hops or GErrnf g xr xsoihes xEToi ^ nos ! I have conversed with two or three , who were very nearly entrapped- by loose monsters . They proceed thus : they make
their way into public houses in densely-populated localities ; and , after spouting a quantity « f stuff , ask those present , ** if this would not be a good opportunity for raising wages , while IB Tery many soldiers bare been drafted to Ireland" ! and insinuate that " a row in England would have apowerfnl effect upon Irish politics . " Kowhear what I haTe to say ] and as my advice , if followed in 1839 , and in Augnst last , would-have spared yon much sorrow as well as much money , yon hare a right to give it its due weight . I tell tou ,
ihex , that THE OBJECT OF THESE RUFJIANS IS TO DESTROY US 1 and although there may not be iny other man in England to do BO , 1 wiB resist this new attempt to annihilate ChartismJ It isyonr dnty to think of the past , and take warning by it . Nothing would so much gratify all parties as the diversion of ihe publicmind from other subjects to a feeble Chartist outbreak ! I assure jon that Ireland would become iranquO as if by magic ; and the soldiers wosld be all spared until we were destroyed ! and a compromise of some sort or other "would be entered into , when the only body really sincere and in earnest had been crushed .
I have heard it proposed w nsii obaiUak « Hao gates to Wales . I tell yon 30 2 » no svch tbxsg 1 If yon do , THEY WILL BE ENTRAPPED f and the promoters . of ihB plan , to cover themselves , will asbefore , charge ** cEuponiheChartists j " andagain tell you , that * it was Feargus O'Connor who did , " or who * spoiled all " . I therefore speak outat once . ]^> iar £ , throDghtheinterposition'PfProTidenoe , escaped e great calamVyl notfromany tenderness of our Tory persecutors or Whigmaligners ; for both equally
thirsted for our blood ; but because we relied upon the law and our own innocence ; and used the law properly for out protection . Lei us n&t then be liasSlp embroiled in another conflict with the ** Strong tkrcernmenf 1 who , JinsotGH " the who : lb 3 HI 5 G WAS JBRA 3 GED BEXWEE 5 THEM ASD HI , " "jronld , I assure yon , be well pleased to draw their pack off the Irish scent , and halloo them is full try after me ; and in which all the " Liberals " would gladly act their part of huntsmen , whippers-5 a , scouts , and dog-boys .
A person called upon me on Tuesday ( yesterday ) ; and said that " he had serious notions of going to y ? 3 azs " ; and asked ** my opinion of his project T \ 1 told Mm to * - go to the Devil if he liked ; but to go out of my house at all events' *! Oldldother Thompson , Dr . Bo wring , Dr . Ritchie , and the Complete Suffrage" men , had a festmd last night , Joseph Sturge in the chair ; and no speaker was more loudly cheered than Mother
Thompson , while laonthiug out her old balderdash . Little Trncenf , who swore to the men of Derby that * he -was a contrite penitent , and would never err again f Mt . Beggs , who moved the Birmingham B CompleteSu&age" resolutions , in the Birmingham Conference , and refused to withdraw them when Loveu oSered to withdraw M 3 , were there also . In short , as we ^ B predicted at Birmingham , they hare dow openly sjhj nnhlnshingly joined for our destruction .
Dr . Bowring , the " poet Laureate" of the " antimonopoEsts , " and "foreign Bag-man" to the Whigs , declared , that " we did not go Jar enough for his ccsmopsUte notions ''; fox ** he would unhesitaiiDglj enfranchise womenf Sow , I would not : and 111 tell you my reasons why . Not that I doubt their judgment , or the proper use of it ; or their honesty but because rr would lead to fah&t MssEraoss , irhile it trmddnol advance or serve the -cevse ofdem&craci / one iinglelU . I think a working man and Kb wife could agree comfortably as to the most benefidal use to be made of the one vote : and I feel
assured that the opinions of the wife would have a powerful controlling effect over her husband . Bat " ^ iih a Female Snfirage , every prostitute street "Raikor , ladies of fashion , soldiers' wive ? , idlers , and the "wives of livery servants , with the whole female staff at the command of masters , men of fas ' nion , and gamblers , would be ever marched up to ihe poll maippon of tyranny , prostitution , and oppression . 3 iese glib philosophers ha" ? e made many attempts to om-fald n ? by extravagant professions- ; bnt I rejoice Sat lie sonnd good ? ense of the working classes lias enabled ifcea to discover , that all are bnt so inaDj attemp 3 " 10 choke the dog with bnttef " -
It is to be remembered that these extravaganzas come from the principal supporters ef that faction icho for ten long -gears assisted the Whigs in their crusades against the Cliariisi bodg ; and who now merely make a profession of liberality in the hope op a job ! They attempted to change our name , and failed ] And they know full well that any change of principle would be a still more fatal step . Ii is , then , that we may be in a position to give hattle to our enemies of a 3 shades and classes , that
I implore of you to lose not a moment in reorganis ing ihe Gmt&sI body ; and while thanMDg my London friends for ihe honour they conferred upon toe , I take this , the most fitting opportunilrf , to state that , upon the advice of several of my best feends , I lave come to the determination not to become a candidate for the Execuivre . My council and asistance shall beat the service of these whom de people think proper to entrnst with their confidence .
I do not see the necessity of saying more upon the abject of Organisation for the present ; lest it should have the appearance and giTe rise to the cry of 3 > iciA 2 ios . * ' less I conld notisay nder the
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circumstances . All I do say is , that I am ready for any honourable and legal part that shall be assigned to me in my proper sphere ; And remain jour faithful friend , Fbjlrgus O'Conkor .
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MIDDLE-CLASS HONOUR AND HONESTY . At the Mansion Honse Police OfficP , on Monday , the Captain of the Lion Steamer , which was stated to be in the service of the Yarmouth Mackarel Company , was summoned before the Lord Mayor for heaving out the hawser of the Gazelle steam vessel , bj which act he not only placed a great deal of property in the TJiames in great hazard , but endangered the lives of the passengers . Mr . Hall , the wharfiugtr at the Custom House
Qnay , stated that , in all his experience , he never beani of a more reckltss and wanton act on the river Thames than that of which he appeared to complain , and he trusted that ample exposure ¦ sronld be given to the complaint , for the sake of humanity and of public jn = uce . It was neither more nor less than that the Captain of a vessel bad , in order to save himself and his crew a few minutes trouble , cut away , at two o ' cl&ck in the morning , the ropebv which another vessel ^ as secured from running into danger herself , and endangering the lives 2 nd property of others .
Capiain John Hnrst , of the-Gazelle steam vessel , stated that he arrived in the river at nine o'clock , 01 J Saturday night , at ebb tide , opposite to ' the Cnstom-honse stairs , and made the vessel fast to the loivtr stairs there , in order to wait till the foilowing flood , when she was lo clear out . There were passengers , and eight horses and a carriage belongiiij ; to-the Duke of St . Alban ' s , on board , and the watch was ordered to call the hands up at four o ' clock in morning . At two o ' clock in the morning , the Lion came down the river , and instead of going in ; the middle of the stream , wished to pas 3 between the Gazelle and the shore , and called out to the Gazelle to slack her hawser , which was fastened to the
stairs . The watch refused to slacrthe rope ,: and told the Lion to pass t > n the outside , whereupon , without more ceremony , one of the crew of the Lion , cut the hawser with a hatchet , leaving the Gazelle at the mercy of the tide , and of course running along with the stream . The passengers and the crew , alarnred at the occurrence , ran upon deck , in their shirts , and exerted themselves to prevent the consequences to which they were exposed , and which might have been very serious , if it had not ieen for their zealous activity . , An Attorney , who appeared for the Captain of the Lion , handed to the Lord Mayor a set of byelaws , which he submitted completely settled the question in favour of his client .
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The Lord" Mayor , however , said , the 32 nd byelaw to which ihe solicitor pointed , referred to vessels lyiBg at anchor , and not to vessels in the condition in which the Gazelle had been placed . The Attorney for the defendant then stated that the Lion had cut the hawser for the purpose of preventing any- injury to : the Gazelle , which had most improperly refused to Slacken the hawser . The Lord Mayor said he should like to hear evidence in justification of the act of the defendant . Robert Fenner , marine , and managing man on
board the Lion foe the Yarmouth Mackarel Company , then stepped forward . He had been , he said , placed on board by the Company to see that the people on board did their duty , and he witnessed the transaction complained of . The Captain 0 / the Lion directed that Mb veBsel , in consequence of the want of room to pass the Gazelle on the other Bide , should go inside , and called to the Gazelle to slack her hawser and allow the Lion to proceed . The Gazelle refused to do as she was required , and the Lion then certainly cat tho hawser and passed ; and if she had not done eo considerable loss would have
been incurred . The Captain of the Lion said he had been for forty years , in the habit of trading upon the Thames , snd be bad not violated the regulations of the river daring that time . If he had not cut the hawser on the occasion stated he would certainly have lost his mackarel voyage . The Lord Mayor—If you have had any experience you must know that you were transgressing very seriously when vou cot the hawser . The conse-^ nences might have been , in the case of so large a vessel , and with the river crowded with craft of all kinds , most frightful .. You must know that it was your duty to go into the main stream . 1 consider the case is a very bad one , and'fine the Captain forty shillings and costs ; and I must say the public are much indebted to Mr . Hall for having brought it forward .
The Defendant's Attorney submitted that as his client did not cut the hawser with his own hand , the penalty could not be inflicted upon him . The Lord Mayor —( evidently surprised . )—But the Captain ordered one of his men to cut the rope . The Defendant ' s Attorney Baid he could not deny that , bat still "he must pat it to bis Lordship that the men who cut the rope ought to be compelled to pay the penalty , and not the Captain . — ( Laughter . ) The Lord Mayor—Surely , you do not mean to say that if a poor seaman obey the directions of his Captain , the Captain is to make him responsible !
The Defendant ' s Attorney—If the act commanded to be done by the Captain is illegal , the man has do right to perform it , and becomes responsible if he performs it . The Lord Mayor—You cannot be serious in laying down such a maxim as that in a case of this nature . It would be calculated to produce insubordination . Mr . Hall said it was disgraceful in any professional man to recommend such a course , as well as disgraceful in the Captain to order one of his crew to perform such an act , and leave the whole weight of the responsibility upon the poor man's shoulders . In order to save ten minutes to himself the Captain of the Lion had put lives and property in jeopardy . The Lord Mayor—And if any lives had beeu lost , he might have been prosecuted for murder . There is no excuse for such conduct . Mr . Hall requested that the amount of the penalty should be deposited in the poor-box .
The Defendant s Attorney said , in his opinion the penalty would not be puid by his client . The Lord Mayor—Then the alternative is three mouths' imprisonment . The Defenant ' s Attorney—The Captain did not cut the hawser , and is therefore not responsible . The Lord Mayor- ^ -You don ' t mean to tell me that tho Captain would let ; the man he ordered to cut the rope , and who obeyed the order , gooff to prison to suffer for the offence 2 The Defendant ' s Attorney—That's matter of feeling , my Lord—( great derision . )
Mr . Hall declared that he never witnessed a more unworthy case in every one of ita parts . It was but natural , he admitted , that a person who was capable of 8 ivi ° 8 bo reckless and inhuman an order in the first instance , should flinch from tho consequences , and make the mere instrument under his absolute controul responsible ; but it was very seldom indeed that a fellow capable of acting in such a manner would come forward to make so disgraceful a defence , with a lawyer to back him . The Lord Mayor—It is altogether bad , and the penalty must be paid . Mr . Hobler here called to the officer not to allow ihe defendant to leave the room without pavment of the penalty . ;
A young man , who it was believed was connected with the Yarmouth Mackarel Company , said he could not see the man who obeyed the order sent to prison , and paid the money ; which was , according to Mr . Hall ' s desire , deposited in the poor-box .
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MORE " PHYSICAL FORCED It seems desirable that earnest attention should be directed to the subjoined paragraph , which has recently * gone the round' of the newspapers , indicating as it does the system that gradually obtains in the Government of Great Britain : — Abwkg and Bboad Swobd Exercises op the Police . —The police are being converted into something more than a semi-military force , in order that they may perform the ; duties of tho military , should any Budden emergency render their service necessary . , The mounted horse police are being instructed in the broad sword exercise , under the immediate inspection of military men , and in which they have already made great progress ! In the event of the military being called off from the ^ metropolis , the police will be enabled to act in their stead ; and it will be in the power of the authorities to use them , either as a civil or military force , as they may judge proper . —London Paper .
If there be any truth ia this—and although widely promulgated it has not received any contradictionwhat a fearful future is shadowed forth in this virtual confession by the - ' powers that be , * that such Bway as theirB can now only be upheld by undisguised physical force—that henceforth they can only rule by the aid of the" broadsword . " Aye , as Lord Grey once emphatically exclaimed , " What a picture of a government is here presented ! " The mere contemplation , indeed , of such a picture is " horrible ,
most horrible ! " But this " more than a semimilitary force "—this new standing army—is but a mere portion of the fruit of that atrocious and libertyd' stroying parent tree of evil , ' yclep'd centralization , which the Whigs planted in our English soil , and which their Tory successors in iniquity are apparently determined shall cover the land with its upas branches . And now it seems coolly contemplated that the roots of this tree mU 3 t be nurtured even at the expence of blood spilt by the " broad-swords " wielded by the blue-coated myrmidons .
Merely as professing Christians we are bound to feel bnt little of respect for those who follow bloodspilling as a calling—the implements of whose trade are swords , and muskets , and bayonets , — whose bread is moist , with tears and blood—yet must we admit that something like honour and a kin to human feelings may be discovered in some , at least , of thosa who unfortunately wear the scarlet uniform of tyranny ; but as for the blue coated , bludgeon wielding , and now " bToad sword exercised" army of Popays , we should be pnzzled indeed to discover anything oreditable to our common nature in their composition—aye , ev * . -n so much as a homeeopathic dose of humanity in tho whole " force . " While
the soldier would disdain to act the part of a spy , the experience of late years , if it be held as worth consideration , has shewn that no employment is too mean or too infamous for police . Th « soldier would hesitate to fire upon an unarmed multitude , but such outrages as those of Calthorpe-streel and Kennington Common , testify how ea ^ er the policemen , although hi 3 own cowardly carcase may be in no possible danger , is to knock unarmed men on the head , to trample defenceless women and even children under his feet . If such were the"' daring deeds' of these men of mettle (? j when anned only with the bludgeon and cutlass , what may we not expect them to venture upon with their " broad swords V
If we read the concluding sentence of the newspaper paragraph quoted above , in connection with tho present aspect of affairs in Ireland—the swarming that country with soldiers—the inference is strong that onr most humane and upright rulers axe " looking ahead" for the time when they may proclaim martial law— " war to the knife" against Freedom in both countries . Let our friendsf ' at home mark these words , * Jn the event of the military being called off from the metropolis ( to Ireland for instance ) ihe police will be enabled to act in their stead ?' of
The fact is that the ^ condition altogether affairs in this country indicates a crisis , the event of which must be to ensure its forward progress immensely , or , on the other hand , to force ita retrogression to a hopeless extent . The labouring classes—we may say , indeed , all classes , except the aristocratic landdrones—are heart and soul interested in the movement in advance—but these have little political power—ana for these are not wielded the mighty engines of military and police—while it is the inse-
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parable interest of the drones of which we have spoken , and vfho exercise at will political , civil , and military . power , that we should be thrust oacfrward—if possible beyond the point the two last centuries of civiiization . have enabled ? ub to distance . And looking consequently by this light at BUch a measure as the , further arming and drilling the bluecoated creatunBs that Peel called into existence by thousands , must of necessity engender suspioion and watchfulness . { The suspioion presenting itself to our minds is uot that the further suppression of crime is designed , but that covert means axe . Bought whereby the blow shall ] be rendered secure which is destined to Btrikofrom us the hope , the name of political ema . ncipation ^ Peace and be still ' . at * not to be ( heword ? employed to lull the agitated waves of our political ocean , but a mongrel race composed partly of the spy the policemani and the soldierani . exercised ^ in the
, bad qualities of each , are" to be thrust forward to awe us into Bubmicsion—perhaps by such means as attending the public meetiugsiffe may hold in support of our most sacred ri £ hts--pij | hiding fortH with bludgeon and " broad-sword , " ready to use either indiscriminately on artisans , on women , and on children ; and as well , perhaps , by sneaking more numerously in disguise throughout the land , urging the foolish and the weak to commit that they may ; betray . Shame on such things , and shame on their employers . '„ ' broad swords" axe not requisite for the pursuit of felons , but are extremely necessary , in the estimation of ' ouf most righteous governors and masters to suppress Chartism and the just demands of an oppressed people . Watchfulness , we say , too , is likewise engendered among the millions . It is our sacred duty , as far as we tauy \ to render that watchfulness permaneut . — Chartist Circular .
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SDNDERIiAND . —Mr . Beesley delivered an excellent lecture here on Monday night last , the subjeet of which was , "the evils arising from an Established Church . " Mr . B . handled the question in a masterly style , and gave general satisfaction . SOUTH SHIELDS . —Mr . Beesley lectured here on Tuesday evening , in the Market-place , Mr . Oiffillan in the chair . The subject was the Repeal of the Corn Laws , which he ; handled in grand style , and showed the fallacies of the humbugging League tn their true light . A vote of thanks was given to Mr . B . and the Chairman , after which the meeting separated .
NEWCASTLB—Mr . Samuel Kydd of South Shield lectured on the ; Town Moor , on Stmday afternoon ( being race Sunday ) to a numerous audience . He very ably showed up the pernicious effects of the present systemlupon tho productive portion of the community ; and as several limbs of the aristocracy were listening to him , he enumerated to their faces the schemes which they resorted to , to rob the labourer of his hire , and challenged any of them to deny his statements if they dared . Mr . Kydd lectured again in the Chartist ) Hall in the evening ^ with very ijood effect . Mr . Sinclair in the chair . " A vote of thanks was tendered to Mr . Kydd , for the able manner in which he had advocated pure democracy ; and ap resolution adopted unanimously , that Mr . Kydd be requested to lecture again , in the same place on next Sunday evening . ¦
The Chaktisis of Newcastle and Gateahead held their usual business meeting on Monday evening . Mr . Young inlthe chair . The minutes of the previous meeting having been read and confirmed , Mr . Frazer , shoemaker , Maoford ' a Entry , Northumberland-street , took his seat as secretary , Mr . Sinclair read the answer which he had received from Mr . William Sharman Crawford , Esq ., M . P .. respecting the Newoastle and Gateshead petition for the Repeal of the Legislative Union , which was highly satisfactory ; that gentleman having considered it a pleasure to accede to the wishes of the petitioners . Not so with the members for Newcastle and Gateshead , whom Mr . S . was instructed to request to support the prayer of that petition . " Mr . Hutt says
ne should feel it his duty to oppose such a measure as a Repeal of the Union . Mr . Ord says that he will consider it his duty to give his most decided opposition to it . Mr . Fleming then , reported the proceedings of the delegate meeting at Sunderland , having been requested to do so by some of the delegates there present , which gave rise to a lengthy discussion , whereupon the following resolutions were unanimously adopted : —1 . " That a commit teo of eight persons be uppointed to investigate the reports circulated by certain parties inimical to the good character' of somo of the Chartist body ; that two of such members be chosen byifche Chartists of each of the following localities , viz . Ouseburn ,
South Shields , iSunderland , and Newoastle . " MessrB . Frazer aud Cockburn wero elected from Newcastle . 2 . " That a deputation be now appointed to confer with the Chartists of Ousebura on . the subject , and that our secretary be instructed to correspond with the Chartists of South Shields and Sunderlaud , apprising them of the decision which the Newcastle Chartists have come to , and requesting them to make the necessary arrangements for the meeting of the committee at their earliest convenience . " Messrs . Fleming and Johns tone were deputed to Ouseburn , and after disposing of some local business the meeting was adjourned until next Monday evening , at , ei f-ho o ' clock .
ROCHDALE . —On Sunday last , a camp meeting was held on Bagslate Common . The meeting was very respectable in numbers and very attentive . The speakers were Messrs . Mills , Chadwick , Wood , and Donovan ; the latter of whom spoke chiefly upon the wrongs of Irelaud aud her present lamentable condition , contrasting the patriotism of Morris , Fitzgerald , the Knight of Kerry , and Arthur O'Connor , In the evening , Mr . Donovan lectured in our room oA " the Repeal Question" which waa also well attended .
TROWBRIDGE . —According to notice on Mon day evening "last , a public meeting of the inhabitants of this town was holden in the Democratic Hall , for the - purpose of adopting a petition to Parliament on behalf of Messrs . Cooper , Richards , and Capper , now undergoing tho most cruel treatment iu Stafford Gaol . Mr . Harding was unanimously called upon to preside . He opened the business of the meeting by stating the object for which they had met , aud concluded by introducing Mr . Payne , who gave a long and powerful address and moved the adoption of a petition calling for redress , which was seconded by Mr . Stevens and carried unanimously , after Mr . Hibbcrt had spoken in its support . Tho petition was entrusted to tho care of Mr . Duncombe .
MANCHESTER . —At the conclusion of Mr . G 3 mmage ' s Lecture , on Sunday eveniog , in the Carpenter ' s Hall , Mr . James Wheeler was called to the chair , who stated that about four months ago a committee had ; been appointed for the purpose of promoting the erectiou of a Chartist Hall , iu M an-Chester ; that 240 shares had been taken , eighty-four of which were paid up ; and that there was then . £ 70 in the treasurer ' s hands . H © Called upon Mr . Edward Clarke , who , in a neat and ; effective speech , moved the following resolution : — " That this meeting , taking into consideration the necessity for , aud
the advantages ] likely to result from , the Chartists of Manchester having a Hall of their own , in which to transact all business connected with the Chartist movement , do hereby pledge themselves to assist the Committee appointed for the furtherance of thit object , by taking up shares and collecting voluntary contributions . " : This was seconded by Mr . John Murray , and effectively spoken to by Mr . Gammage , and carried unanimously . Mr . Jeremiah Lane then proposed the following resolution , * ¦ * That the town of Manchester- having been divided into districts , and visitors appointed far each district , this meeting recommend the Commutee to issue books to the
various visitors for the purpose ot entering the names of those wishing to take up shares aud for the receipt of voluntary contributions , " which , being seconded was carried unanimously . Wa hope the Chartists of Manchester will follow up their resolutions by the erection of a building in which the pure dootrjnes of democracy may be taught to the adult and infantile population . Dissenting Parson ' s Imfidelity . —At a meeting of the Chartist jGeneral Council , on Tuesday evening last , the following resolution was moved by Mr . Daniel Donovan , seconded by Mr . John Holt , and carried without a dissentient : " That we , the Committee of Management for the Carpenter ' s Hall Locality , feel bound to express our gratitude to the
Dissenting Parsons of this borough for the publicity they have given to the fact of our having established a Chartist Sunday sohool . We also beg leave to inform the saintly hypocrites that their lying denunciations have had the effect of increasing the number of scholars from 70 to 15 t . In juBtice to ourselves , however , we are bound , unequivocally and without reservation , to deny that we are engaged in the promulgation of infidelity , or that we teach the children to hold the Bible in contempt . So far from this being the case , ' we hereby call upon the parsons generally , and those who have traduced us in particular , to act more in conformity with the precepts contained in that book ; more especially that commandment which says ' Thou ehalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour . "
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GLASGOW , —From a combination of circumstances matters have bean rather still hers for some time . To those who have paid close attention to all the circumstances connected with the Movement from the commencemet , It must have been clear that a calm would inevitably follow the storm of August last The people were duped ; advantage was taken of their ardour in the cause . Those whose only ] object was to live upon the Movement , through ingenuity and falsehood , succeeded for a time ; and , as a Natural consequence , the enthusiasm of those yrho had been victimised was turned into bitter dissatisfaction . In nineteen cases oat of twenty these were out best men . However matters are now promising to assume a healthy tone once more . Many who for sometime pastjhave remainei inactive , are again rallying round the standard of our country ' s freedom , and the poor man ' s only hope .
A Meeting waa held on jFriday evening , in the Yoang Man ' s Academy , College-street , to consider the best means of organizing the j people of Glasgow and suburbs . On the motion of Mr . Golquhoun , Mr . James Lang waa unanimously called to the chair . Mr . Brown stated the object for which the meeting was called , and urged upon tboBe present the ] necessity for using their influence in again placing the cause of Chartism in that proud position when Glasgowj was , and justly , called the key-stone of the Movement The meeting was afterwards addressed by Messrs . Sherringten , M'Ewan
, Smith , Hopley , Pettfgrew , fee , Mr . Oolqnhoun eald he was happy to see some of ] their old friends in the meeting ; and as there appeared to be some little difference of opinion as to the best { means of carrying on the Movement , in the hope of meeting the views of all he would move that a committee be appointed to draw up 9 plan , and to report at ] the next meeting . This was supported by Mr . Dennis M'Millan , Wm . Ciymic , fcc ., and unanimously agreed to . The Committee was then appointed , and instructed to bring forward their report on next Friday evening .
NOTTINGHAM . —The Chartists met on Sunday morning last , in the Democratic chapel , Rice-place , Mr . H . Dorinan in the chair , when ] the following resolutions were passed : — " That each locality choose collectors for the purpose of visiting members to receive contributions . " " That we have viewed with the utmost indignation the bsse and slanderous conduct of the Times newspaper , in calumniating an ( j traducing the character of F . O'Connor , Esq . with reference to the part he took in the late elections at Nottingham ; at which time every action of his being well known to us , we declare that grosser libels against any man were never printed ; and we further declare that Mr . Walter knew them to be such when he published them ; but he did it for revenge , in return for the severe castigatien he got from Mr . O'Connor on the day of nomination , which was applauded by Whigs , Radicals , Sturgitea , and Chartists . We are highly gratified to learn that Mr . O'Connor ia , about to punish the Old Weathercock by entering an action against him for libel . *'
The members of the Female Charter Association of Notingham met iu the Democratic Chapel , Riceplace , on Tuesday evening , June 27 , when the Treasurer ' s and Secretarie ' a books were , examined , and found correct . A unanimous vote of thanks was given to them for their services . The sum of 5 s . was raised for Mrs . Ellis , and 2 b . for Mr . M'Douall . STOCKPCftvr . —The cause goes on well here . Poverty and democracy keepj apace . Much fuss has been made through the country about " trade mending in Stockport" It is quite true that a few of the many mills that have been standing are now at work ; but those that are employed get so little for their labour , that it matters little whether they work or play , aa poverty is there never-failing [ portion in either
situation . The calico printers , who , before the introduction of machinery were probably the best paid operatives in any branch of tbe cotton manufacture , may now be seen going from door to door , craving charity , and thankfully receiving the ! hard-erast that has to keep the wife and children of a " free-born Britain " from the tender mercies of a Poor Law Bastile , or the bondage of the grave ! No bpdy of men in England has felt half so severely the effects of machinery as the ill-used printers . The mule spinners , according to the doctrines of the ' ( Free Booters , " ought to fca in most comfortable circumstances ; as
tbe " improvements" in the spinning department have been so great , that where upwards of eight hundred spinners were employed pome eight or nine years ago considerably under two hundred ¦ will now turn off more yarn than the eight hundred could at the former period . ' These poor fellows are to be seen each Saturday night standing at the factory gate , hat in hand , begging the smallest trine from their old shop mates ; and frequently they are ordered off by the purse-proud lord of the smoke and long chimney , who first made them paupers and then treats them like dogs for being suca . So much for the " increasing prosperity" of this " Plajfue " -ridden borough ]!
On Sunday last , Mr . Thomas Clark addressed a large camp meeting twice ; first , at two o ' clock in the afternoon , and again at six [ o ' clock in the evening . Both addresses were attentively listened to , and well received by the large assemblages . The police were in attendance , as well as a special reporter . The military , it is said , were confined to barracks , in order to be ready for any emergency . { Fortunately , neither the polica nor magistrates created ] any disturbance ; therefore , there was no necessity for tbe interference of the " boiled ones . "
OLDHAIVI . —On Sunday last , the ChartJsts of this town had to undergo anotheFJ disappointment , in consequence of the non-attendance of Mr . J . Leach , of Hyde , who had previously made arrangements to come . These things should , if possible , be prevented : as it has a tendency to do great injury to the progress of our cause . Fortunately , Mr . R . Cooper , of OJdham , was present ; and he kindly consented to deliver an address on education ; which he did in an energetic and masterly style , < wbicb gave general J satisfaction . —[ We have before taken occasion to reprobate tbe practice of lecturers leaving their engagements unfulfilled . In this case surely some misunderstanding , or forgetfulness , must have caused the disappointment complained of ; for we perceive that Mr . Leach was fully occupied at the Hyde camp meeting : a proof that he was not disinclined to labour . Care shouljd , however , b 9 taken that these disappointments should not continually oceur . ]
On Mondak Evening , Mr . M'Caba of this town delivered his third lecture on \ ' Repeal and the history of Ireland . " Ho showed clearly that if Repeal was obtained under a iniddie class constituency , it would not confer that benefit which ] the labouring classes oi Ireland stand in need of ; ancl he proved to a demonstration that unless the Repeal ; was accompanied by an extention of the Suffrage , based on the principles of the People's Charter , they nee | d not ( xpect their condition to be bettered . His address was listened to with attention . A vote of thanks ( was unanimously passed to the lecturer at the close .
I BIRMINGHAM . —Tbe raoDthly conncil meeting of tbe Birmingham and Mipland Counties Charter 1 Association was held at the Ship Inn , Steelhouse-lane , on Sunday last Mr . Dinks was unanimously called to . the chair . " . On the motion pf Mr . Welspond , the I Secretary read over the minutes of the previous mectj ing , which ? were confirmed . Letters were read from j Coventry and Warwick . A jconvcrsatfon ensued an I the present state cf the people in too districts . It was the prevailing opinion ( of the deletAtes that a delegate meeting should assom ^ la at the earliest oppor-1 tunity , to take into consideration the present state of j organisation . Tbe meeting was adjourned to Sunday , July the 9 th , then to meet in jth& People ' s Hall , WeUnes'bury , at two o ' clock in the afternoon ; ween ' business of great importance , in reference to the 1 present plans ot organisation will be submitted for the . consideration of the assembly-
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SHEFPrELD—Fig Thee [ Lane . —The Northern Star and iValiou will be read , aa usual , on Sunday evening , commencing at six o ' clock . A public discussion at eight o'clock . A public meeting w . ll be holden , ou Monday evening , July 3 rd , at eight ( o'clock , in the above room , when the propriety of the suggested National Conference will be taken into consideration—also the question of organization . I BiBMiNGHAM . —The Council of the Birmingham Chartists will meet at their room , in Aston-street , at three o ' clock on Sunday next , when business of importance will be brought forward . The collectors are earnestly requested to bring in their books and subscriptions . j A LgciCRE will be delivered in tho above room , at seven o ' clock , on Sunday evening .
Mb . -G . White ' s . Support j Committee will meet in the Aston-street Room , on Sunday evening , at six . o ' clock , to receive subscriptions . 1 j
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London . —A public meeting will bb boldba t the Britannia fields , City-road , at nix o ' clock on Sunday evening next . Mr . Bojlwbll will lecture on Sunday erening , at the Star , Golden-iane , at eight o ' clock . - . Golden Lion , Dea . n Street , Soho . —Mr . Mants will lecture at the above place , on Sunday eTening next , at eight o'clock . Bbbmondsey . —Mr . Bolwell , from Bath , will deliver a public lecture on " the six points of the Charter , " at the White Bear , Long-walk , BermqndBtsy-6 quare , on Monday , July 3 rd , at eight o ' clock in the evening . A Concert and Ball for the benefit of Dr . M'Douall , will be held on Monday evening , July 10 . Tickets sixpence each ,
Mr . Wheeler -mil lecture on Sunday evening , at the PJora Tea Gardens , York-place , Barnsbury-par at half-past six o ' clock . Cm of London Political and Scientific InsTjTirnow , TvrsagaiN'Lane . —Mr . Wheeler will deliver an address on Tuesday evening , upon the " Pleasures and advantages of knowledge , " being an introduction to a course of lee tores on scientific and literary subjects . Admission free . To commence at eight o'clock . A Ball will take place on Monday evening at tho City of London Institution . Single tickets one shilling , doable , one and sixpence . Mabylebons . —Mr . Buchanan will lecture at the Mechanics' Institution , Circus-street , New-road , on Sunday evening next , July 2 nd , at half-past seven o ' clock .
Repeal of the Union . — -A lecture will be delivered by Feargus O'Connor ^ Esq ., on Monday evening next , July 3 rd , at the Social and Scientific Institution , John-street , Tottenham Court-road . Chair to be taken at half-past seven o ' clock . A ijiscussioN will take place at the Crown and Anchor , Cheshire-street , Waterloo Town , on next Sunday evening , at eight o ' clock . Subject— " What benefits would accrue to the industrious classes under the present system of class legislation , from a total repeal of the Corn Laws V Ma . Mantz will deliver a funeral oration on the death of Mr . Wm . Evans , on Sunday , July 2 nd . at the Black Horse and WindmillFieldgate-street
, Whitechapel ; the chair to be taken at half-past seven o ' clock in the evening . The Members and friends of the Black Horse and Windmill locality will " take an excursion with the other , localities of the Tower Hamlets to Whatford , on Monday , August 7 th . Working Mens' Hall , Mile End Road . —A discussion will take place here , on Monday , July 3 rd , subject— " Will a repeal of the Corn Laws remove the present distress of the country ?" Tower Hamlets . —The General Council of the Hamlets will meet at the Standard of Liberty , Brick-lane , on Sunday next , at fire o'clock ia the afternoon .
An Harmonic Meeting will be holden at the " Feathers , " Warren-street , Tottenham-court-road , oa Monday , July 3 rd , 1843 , at eight o ' clock ; the proceeds to be given to William Jones . Mottram . —A Chartist camp meeting will be holden' on Wedensough Green , on Sunday , July 9 , at two o ' clock in the afternoon , and six in the evening . Mr . J . M . Leach , Mr . Booth , Mr . Candelefc , and several others will address the meeting . Stockport —A camp meeting will be holden on
the vacant space of ground at the back of tbe railway arches , on SuBday ( to-morrow ) at two o ' clock in the afternoon , and again at six o'clock in the evening . The People's Paper , the Northern Star is read every evening , at the Chartist Room , Kirkgate . The Chartists of Cheshire are requested to nominate delegates , to attend a delegate meeting , to be holden" at North witch , on Sunday , July 9 th , for the purpose of organising Cheshire . All communications for the delegate meeting to be addressed to Mr . Thos . Clarke , Park-street , Stockport .
Nottingham . —Mr . H . Dbrman will preach in the Market-place , on Sunday evening next , at sis o ' clock . The subject— " The duty of the Government and duty of the people towards each other . " He will also deliver a lecture in the chapel , Riceplace , on Monday evening next , at eight o ' clock , upon the " Life , obaraoter , and patriotism of William Teii . " Carrington , near Nottingham . —A public meeting will be holden on Sunday evening next , at seven o ' clock , in Mr . Lee ' s large room , Mansfield Road , sign of the New Inn , when every lover of liborty is requested to attend , as business of importance will be brought before the meeting . Halifax . —A camp meeting will be holden on Norland Moor , on Sunday , July 9 th , at two o ' clock in the afternoon .
Oldham . — On Sunday , to-motrow , July 2 nd , two lectures will be delivered in the Chartist Room , Greaves-street . First lecture at two o ' clock in the afternoon , subject— " The Land . " Second lecture at six in ' the evening , subject— " The wrongs of Ireland and Repeal , " A collection will be made after each lecture to defray the expence of the Room . Manchester . —Chartist Painters . —A meeting of the Chartist painters will be holden iu the Painters ' Reading Room , Watson-street , Peter-street , on Saturday ( this evening ) , at eight o ' clock , when , business of importance will be laid before the meeting . Brown-street . — -On Taesday evening next , the continued discussion on " the cause of the present distress . "
A Special Meeting of the South Lancashire delegates will take place , in the National Charter Association Room , Brown-street , near St . Andrew ' s Church , on Sunday next , July 2 nd , when the dele * gates are requested to come fully prepared with the opinions of their constituents as to the most efficient persons to be put in nomination for the contemplated Conference . The chair will be taken at one o ' clock in the afternoon . Carpenters' Hall . —Mr . Daniel Donovan will lecture in the above Hall , on Sunday next , at halfpast two o ' clock in the afternoon ; and Mr . James Leach , at half-past six ia the evening . After tbe evening's lecture , resolutions of considerable importance will be submitted to the meeting .
The Quarterl y Meeting of the members of tbe National Charter Association , residing in the Carpenters' Hall locality will take place in the above HalJ , on Sunday next , July 2 nd , at ten o ' clock in the forenoon ; When business of an important nature will be . brought before them . A numerous attendance is particularly requested . Route of the South Lancashire Missionary —Mr . Leach will visit the following places : —Monday , July 3 rd , Ashton-nnder-Lyne : Tuesday , 4 th .
Rochdale ; Wednesday , 5 th , Sialybridge ; Thursday 6 xh , Oldham ; Friday , 7 th , Middleton ; Sunday , 9 uh , Hollfnwood ; Monday , lOtb , Bury ; Tuesday , 11 th , Ratcliffe Bridge ; Wednesday , 12 th , Bolton ; Thursday , 13 th , Failsworth ; Friday , 14 th , Halshaw Moor ; Sunday , 16 th , Newton He-ath ; Monday , 17 th , Chowbent ; Tuesday , 18 th , Wigan ; Wednesday , 19 th , Hindley ; Thursday , 20 th , Leigh ; Friday , 21 st , Warriagton- ; Sunday , 23 rd , Milurow , near Rochdale .
Rochdale . —A camp meeting will be holden tomorrow ( Sunday ) , on Lobden , near Whitworth , to commence at two o'clock . Several speakers will be in attendance from Rochdale and other places . BaADFORD .-r-The memembers of the Council are requested to meet in the Council Room , Butterwort h ' s-buildings , on Sunday evening next , at six o'clock , to take into consideration the propriety of holding camp meetings during the Summer , in various parts of the district ; also to draw up a local lecturer ' s plan , for the ensuing three months . A full attendance is requested ; and all persons holding collecting books are requested to bring them in , to be examined by the Council . A committee will be appointed by the Council to raise subscriptions to defray the rent of the room .
A lecture will be delivered by Mr . John Arran , in the Large Room , Butterwortb ' s-buildings , on Sunday evening , at half-past seven o ' clock . A Public Meeting of the woolcombers of Bradford , will be holden on Monday evening , in front of the' Odd Follows' Hall , at half-past seven o ' clock . The committee respectfully solicit the attendance of the trades of Bradford , as a code of rules will be read to the meeting , and arrangements made to enter into subscriptions immediately , for the purchase of lasd , in order to locate as many as possible of the " yurpluf l abourers , " made so by machinery . Little Horton . —The Chartists ef Little Horton will meet on Sunday morning at , nine o ' clock , in the school room , Park-place . A full attendance is requested .
Daisy Hill . —The Chartists ef Daisy Hill , will meet on Sunday morniDg in-the Association room , at nine o ' clock , on important business . A delegate from thn Council will utter d tho meeting . The Chartists , meeting in the council room , are to attend on Sunday morning at ten o ' clock , on business of importance . Wapping . —The Chartists of Wapping will meet on Sunday morning at nine o ' clock , in their Association room , to take into consideration the lecturers ' plan for the ensuing three months . Bowling Back-Lane . —Chartists are requested to meet on Sunday morning at ten o ' clock , to elect a delegate to the General Council . A full attendance is requested .
Leeds District . —A district council meeting Will be held to-morrow morning at ten o ' clock in the ChaTtist room , Cheapide , on important business . Leeds . —Mr . Ross will lecture to-morrow afternoon' and evening , in the Chartist room , Cheapside , to commence at half-past two , and half-past six o ' olock . Armlet . —Mr . Ross will lecture at this place on Monday night at eight o ' clock . Bramley . —Mr . Ross will lecture here this evening at eight o'clock . The friends are requested to make immediate arrangements .
Sunderland . —Mr . Beesley will lecture on Monday next , on "The evils of a Standing Army . " It is earnestly hoped that the working people will attend .
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- On Monday , in accordance to previous announcement , the Democrats of Leeds held a public meeting in the Vicar's € rof t , for the purpose of aiding tbe movement in Ireland to obtain & Repealof the Legislative Union . Long be ore the appointed time : for meeting , tbe Tast area in front of the platform , was crowded by great numbers , whoso serious and orderly demeanour-at once bespoke their feelings ou
ihe occasion- A little after seven o ' clock , I the speakers , Messrs . West , Ross , T . B . Smith , and several others ascended tbe platform , when , upon the motion of Mr . Brook , Mr . Joseph Jones was called to the chair . Tbe Chairman having read the placard calling the meeting , at ones proceeded to business , l > y introdncingMr . Robs , of Manchester , as tbe first speaker . His address was listened to -with the most intense interest by the thousands who surrounded him . As an Englishman , his words carried conviction to tbe hearts of his countrymen ; and at the oouolnsion of bis address he was honoured
with the most rapturous aud unbounded applause Mr . West , ef Hull , was next introduced to ; the meeting , and for more than two hours rivetted the minds of bis audience upon the past and present condition of Ireland . It is impossible to do justice to his speech , unless conveyed in his own language . Mr . T . B . Smith next followed , and in a speech remarkable for its power and pathos , nobly completed what the preceding speakers had so well begun . Mr . Beaumont moved , and Mr . Boothmau seconded the first resolution : —
" That it is the opinion of this meeting , that jtbe inhabitants of that part of the United Kingdom called Ireland have © ten for many years subjected to the most unmerited hardships and merciless oppressions , against which evils no protection can be offered so long as the laws are made by the few , and framed for the advantage of privileged classes ; aud in order to afford a fair and full amount of justice to all classes of society , we are of opinion that Ireland merits , and that justice demands , the immediate restoration of her satire Parliament . " That it is the opinion of this meeting , that the present affairs of Ireland do not warrant the
British Ministry to attempt to put down the mind of Ireland , by the introduction of Coercive measures , such as the Arms BUI ; believing that all such attempts are dangerous to every interest connected with our country and directly opposed to every principle of justice aud humanity ; aud as we are of opinion that Ireland is more than justified in seeking the Repeal of the Legislative Union , we , as Englishmen , offer our best sympathies to Ireland in the fearful emergency ; and we respectfnlly , yet firmly , call upon the British Ministry to adopt such measures ; as will at once enable them to restore tranqnility to Irelaad by at once Repealing tbe present existing Act of Union . "
Tbe Chatrxax put it to the meeting , when it was carried unanimously amidst enthusiastic cheering , > _ Mr , Wm . Brook then moved the following petition for presentation to the House of Commons . Mi . Joseph Bbjggs seconded it , and when put to the meeting , thousands of willing hands expressive of the feeling of the heart , were elevated in approval . To the Honourable the Commons of Great Britain and Ireland in Parliament assembled . The Petition of tbe Inhabitants of the borough of Leeds , in tbe county of York , in public meeting assembled , June 26 th , 1843 , :
Sheweth , —That your petitioners have Iongnewed with sympathy and deep regret , the varions hardships and oppressions to which the inhabitants of that part of the United Kingdom , « a } l « d Ireland , w Woan BuVjoefca / i for many years , which hardships and oppressions your petitioners believe to originate is class legislation , and also in the virtual non-representation of the Irish people in your Honourable House . r That your Petitioners haTe beheld with extreme alarm aud regret , the measures recently resorted to by her Majesty ' s Ministers for the suppression of the legal and peaceable agitation of the Repeal question iu Ireland , believing , as your Petitioners do , that nothing short of a Repeal ot the Legislative Union , and the salutary influence and fostering care of a domestic Legislature , fully and freely chosen by tbe whole people , can give satisfaction or prosperity to that long misgoverned ponion of the British Empire .
Your Petitioners hnmbly pray that your honourable House will refuse iis sanction to any bill or bills introduced by the Minister of the Crown , or by any Member of yonr honourable Honse , having for its object the restriction or abridgement of Irish liberty j and your Petitioners further pray that your honourable Honse will , without delay , proceed u > pass an Act for the immediate Repeal of the Legislative Union now suhsisting in same , bat not conferring equal advantages as regards civil or religions privileges between the two countries , -and providing for a fnll and free election of an Irish Parliament . And yonr Petitioners will ever pray .
Mr . Brook tbea moved , and Mr . John Firth seconded , — " That the petition , when signed , be transmitted to T . S . Doncombe , Esq ., M . P ., for presentation , and that John Fielden , Sharman Crawford , Thos . Gisbourne , and Wm . Aldam , Enquire ? , be requested lo snpport it 3 prayer / ' As soon as IMr . iJnncombe ' s name was mentioned , three hearty cheers were given for hrm . The resolution was carried by acclamation . Thanks were then given to the chairman , accompanied with three cheers for Repeal ; after which the assembled thousands dispersed , declaring that such a meeting had never before beeu held in the
viciniry of Leeds . Sncb a feeling was aever before exhibited on behalf of Ireland . Aud when ^ the democrats of England follow the noble example thus set them by their Leed 3 brethren , England and Ireland must present snch an aspect , as will ultimately lead to the emancipation of both countries . When the petition ( whicn is now ready for signature ) shall have been signed by 40 , 000 or 50 , 000 Englishmen , and presented to irarliam&nt , Ireland will find that the mind of England , once roused , never shrinks from the contest , and that Ireland ' s bestdefence will be found in the determination evinced in her favour by ihe democrats of England .
# Orti)Comtns €$Mi& Ibevtmcrs
# orti ) comtns €$ mi& iBevtmcrS
To The Imperial Chartists.
TO THE IMPERIAL CHARTISTS .
Glorious Demonstration In Leeds In Fatoub Of Ireland And The Repeal Of The Legislative Union.
GLORIOUS DEMONSTRATION IN LEEDS IN FATOUB OF IRELAND AND THE REPEAL OF THE LEGISLATIVE UNION .
©Ijavttet %Nulli£$Nce.
© ijavttet % nUlli £$ nce .
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Routes of Lecturers—Again u-c notice that all " mules" sent here , to ehsnrc pulsation , m ? t > t he siqned >> y the sub secretary of the I cahty , or district , where , the arrangements ore made Jor . We will not in future [ publish any that may be sent without such siff ^ aluns . It is not right that any hcliiy should b c visited by a led . rer , un / e .-s he has corresponded with them , and m * de mutual arrangements . Considerable inconvenience h'is arisen to portions of the Chartist body frr . m unnrranqed-for tfjsit ; ivhich we have partially caused by printing unauthorised " routes ' . " We shall do so no more .
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; i ¦ 1 KB LEEDS GENEEAL ADVERTISER . '
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- S . '" YOL . YI- NO . 394 . SATURDAY , JULY 1 J 1843 . """ riESSSt ^ SST " r " — ' M — * ' — - - ¦ ¦ - 1 ¦ ¦ — .. 1 ¦ - - — ™ . - ¦ ' ¦ . ¦ ' * - ' ¦ . - " ¦ - - . . ¦ : II
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{/ ftr ^ t / i ^ y ^ j ? s c&s * i * U * et ^
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 1, 1843, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct939/page/1/
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