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Northern Star (1837-1852), 20th May 1843, Edition 5 of 5, Page 7, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      EMIGRATION . -pHERE TO , A 3 vD HOW TO PROCEED . TE 5 0 ? ^ * OTi B THKOCGH A POKTIOX OF CASXD A , j 5 D SXTEUAL OP THE STlTKS 0 * KOHIH iixWCA , PAlTICCiABXT THX 5 TATXS Of jua SACHrSXTTS , BB 0 D 3 ISLAND , NEW T « KK , PK » J « ST 1 TA 51 A , OHIO , MICHIGAN , ILLINOIS , WISC 0 S 3 I 1 ? , AJfD > 'E"W JERSEY , ¥ JtDEEaAE . EK WIIB A TIXVT OP ASCKETAIKIKG THE DB-5 IRABIL 1 TT , OB OTHBBWISE , OF EMIGRATION ; iSD TO JCIMSE OP THE BEST LOCATION , POB X > GL 1 SH £ K 1 « BA 5 TS , FR 031 ACTTJAX OSSEB-____

      TATIOS . 5 j LAWRENCE PITKETHLY , of Hnddenfieli ( Continuedfrom our last veeVs p * per . J jorBNAL . -DESCRIPTION OF DUNKIRK , 8 ANDU 8 KY , DETROIT , fcc . rjniAT , 26 th . —I bej ? un my journey from Chester ^ g , &ftfr te eak of da ? ; Mi . and Mrs . Crowth er I ^ ax both got up and prepared a breakfast nimli ^ tn the finpper . Feeling annoyed at the delay occasioned £ « , anon oookiuft I took foaifi milk , and hastened ( Lr tb er to gfci ready the horse and boggy . Crowther Ill-red to accompany me . He managed to drive much SS 2 tha n I had done , and took a long stretch of

      JlujjBuefc better than that over which I bad travelled JSJ m bid much difficulty in reaching Beltcb , iZjjg -we c alled upon a friend of Crowther ' s , named ZZ jft Jedscn , an Englishman , with a most haodaotne ZjL aad two charming daagrtea , Tery neatly dressed . ZZL were » U highly amused by my yesterdayi adTeo-ZIT irhich I related -while the ladies were engaged in •" g l niir dinner for us . They had dined . However STat down at the table , and after tasting excused SacaeiTes and explained . j ^ jedaon informed me that Pork was selling at three _ -t , per pound ; Wheat per bushel fifty « e » te , Indian TvL eighteen to twenty-fivs cents j Oats thirteen to I jkSeai ; Barley twenty-five to thirty ; Millet little

      ^ f ter taking leave amiable family Jed-„_ . re proceeded onward t » t Mabshall , and took 7 * $ jTcit road to the one I had travelled . The drive * ^ y pl easant and considerably cleared . We went 7 * $£ jiianall House from whence the coach was ' to jL ^ r was soon ready ; bnt I did not feel comfort-M e ii the thought of having to travel over ron * h Z ^ iix the dark , it being then nine o ' clock at night ; f ^ jjfr ei , I found th « roads somewhat better than I anjjfljBtsd . Tbe coach , which - was buns on strong leathern hL ^ swtug exceedingly . There are three seats to tbs coaches at each end

      laen cin stage ; one , and one in « te jgiddlB , which is moveable . A strong leathern belt -ose above the seats and forms a rest for the back ; fige are neither glass nor pannels at the sides , bnt $ gj are open with a sort of canvas apron to button np ^ p leasure . The passengers consisted of myself , six Ya skee dandies and a cheerful young lady . The fouSa were very merry and not at all choioe in their ^ jcfioa of phrases . The lidy was equally free . They Bade some j oking remarks respecting myself ; - but bo * m g where I was , I took them very patiently .

      fite coach halted At Kalavazoo . In the Inn fboe was a vay large wood fire , around which . I was ^ jpi sed to see the passengers crowd as ttwagh ft bad fees the middle of winter , while I knew not bow to tsep mfseileooL We remained here about an hour , ud } gt behind us the noisy gents as 4 the loquacious bdj . The town is handsome , well situated and well kujj ; and the country around it is beautiful and trtjte . Ow peculiarity connected with American stage coach fa tfSisf arrested my attention . There are not constant gopptges at the inns , as with us in England ; but the orm -frn "' carries with him a watering pail ; and when btcaee s to a stream , or well , or pool , as the case may $ « ie alight * and waters bis hones .

      SiicBj ) AT , 27 th- —From this place , Kaiamazoo , n Btxt reached Paw Pav . Having crossed the river jMtfisrw , cut course lay through a very fine country . Re arriTed at Paw Paw about plre o ' clock in the soiling when we breakfasted , and then again proceeded taresgh a rich coarse of country , having in tbe distance to our left , the White Pigeon Prairie , yfcieb is well settled by both Scotch and "English emipsiOA . The forests are zatket numerous ; yet there are atay openings with oeat houses and log huts . The trope are is general good and heavy ; thcngh the whole b sscb damsged by amut .

      Ds osr way we took np two young ladies named Woodreofs , whose father had been & Methodist jaeacber , bst bad some years ago taken up his abode on i tet 7 handsome farm , on which he died , leaving a * i& > w and numerous family . These Adies were very po 5 t £ , and furnished much valuable local information . We tad also with as a person of tbe name of King , Tbo travelled by coach , having a " scruple of consaencs" agaisst Sunday travelling , which be could not ] g * e avoided bad be gone round by tbe Lxkes . He Bd if he coeld sot have crossed the I ^ ke before Snxtbj , be would have staid at St . Joseph ' s till Tuesday , a « 8 being no coach on Monday , and , of course , no tosser to crocs . This gentleman spiritualized most aocnely with the young ladies .

      We also took up a blacksmith , who , in conversation , mi that money could not be obtained , and that people cfsfi kinds were seeking work daily , and none could jin them it for the want of means to pay them , although TOfcnien of every description were much required . After crossing » very long flst wooden bridge orex I nranrp on the verge of the river , the coach v » draws on board a ferry boat on the St . Joseph ' s nva ttd landed at a town of the same name , which pctlj stsBds on the summit ot a considerable elevation , ed partiy below on the margin of tbe river .

      Tbs river here rather resembled a bay of the lake , ttas anything else , forming a very extensive marsh . I ffirthM ^ that the marsh must be tbe source of much disease . Tbe landlord , however , of tbe inn where the each stopped told us he bad lived there thirty yean ad lad always enjoyed as good health as be then ejoyed , ad h = was tbe most healthy looking aad corpiaj man I had seen in the States . Os Hot opposite bank of the river from ST . JoseJH '« , * ate of sand hills run alorg the tags of ths lake y ^ ga , vhicb in times of speculation were all surttysd » d laid oat , and vast turns of money paid for bsS&sgbts . It reminded me of accounts I bad read of tbe ttidy deserts of Arabia ; for it would have been san ntional to have built upon piles over the lake asfce t » j .

      it five p . ra . tbe steamer arrived with passengers , od the coach started for Jackso > -, by tbe route we tad cose . "W e bad to wait till tbe steamer was pre-TiSed with wood for the fires , and got out of tbe bay Jb * before ihe twilight , having a good view of ths tot e . FrxuxT , S 8 iL—On the passage across the lake , the pB&raaB who rpiritual ^ zsd with the ladies informed ¦* flat , in liZi , a company purchased , through their } && * , sx or eight square miJes of as good land as any ? I 2 ata for a dollar per * cre , all prairie land ; and ™* tfcy afterwards bought about 1000 acres of wood » d 4 ibfJBt ax mQes distant from the larger purchase , 8 * frosa one a = a a quarter to five dollars ptr acre . This be md wM go ^ parchaae . of

      ' ^ par chass was made for the establishment a jpBsnnnry . the came of which is DzlavaS , r-sai » xi > sjield , tte capital of the State . This commu-~ S ^ ' 1 £ - most otheia , bound together by religious ties . **• Ksg aid that nuding they bad made sneb an ad-J ^ a ? eoii « parchase , and were d * ing so well , they « 3 | ikt h farm and erected a share saw mill npon it , ?™ 4 proved a dead loss to the amount of near 10 , 000 ^ n ; a loss equivalent to the gain realized by The

      * P = ^^ -pErcbases . scene of their principal opera-^ i » in Taswxll eonnty , six miles santh of Illinois 27 ? . fennded by the Spring £ cid aad Peoria road . f ^ e ^ cin uiilty were cgered a farm and saw mill , and ^ s » p-wer , ready for workiog , at a price which-^ uh iTe ssTadtbem 10 , 000 doilars , instead of losing « £ Rm b ? tts erection of the other , thus mating a fS ^ nsce of 20 000 dollars . They have built a very Vttall which Tfas not required , and have otherwise ™ ° out itore money than was prudent . ^» — " - ~ 0 ^ V ^ SB Ad yr W ^ r mm ** m \* rm * m +

      - * o one in the c » mmunity are allowed to have spirits f « fca poaessicn , except tbe apotLecaries , to be used ^ ^ purposes . ihs prqect wag carried out by shares , and when the ^^ tfl , the houses , and other buildings were ccm-^» the wiole was solri by auction , in lots , no one j * T * » H «» ed to bid bnt the shareholders ,- so that all «« * a » chanse , aad the overplns went into tbe fazSis . * 1 ^ « me back to the subscribers . 3 *^ a another lot about the riza of the 6 H « j ^ -t ^ " * a &B which the brother-in-law of Mr . King re-** " « rfcere 2000 acres could be bought at from two J * l ^ ffrtr to five dollars p r acre . Mr . Eaj del ] £ r ^ situation of otiier ploU similar to tbe above . bi i « w Uat ** " * S ^^ en 1 *!! bad a temporal view in all to ne ^ ° ^ * tioD of ttfc ' ** - ° ^ * & *> & > & £ & "CJfftil on » T tnind T »» TT . i . iT ; + >»» V if -tcBB mrtrn Tirnte

      ^ w pnrdiase land which tbe Yankees bad cleared ^ "" piT / Ted , than for Englishmen to purchase unculti-* St » Mt " ' ** Chicago River on Sunday morning , "B oldoek . Thax , after all Mr . King ' s resolves and ^ Jr *' he aw " break the Sabbath" on bis journey . - ^^ berths at daybreak , and prepared to go on kteoi r * °° n ' onnd my friend Mr . € reorge Anderson , i woflii ^ f > who * " most kind to me , and desired fc j *« « ay * tay ^ bis boase . He boob introkaJT "e *« Mr . Pinkerton , from Gla ^ ow , who also fed r " :. «• I * -, "wko bad lately arrived from Scotlie 'J . bEtn deluded to and robbed on the backs of awwuwpL He had verv leeenUr come to this

      ££ l ^ fe . by tbe aid of his countryman , he is about tefcJ . ; * 3 kosuitfis as cooper . At breakfast 1 « s i . bi / w . Mn" AEderscn and Mrs . Pinktrton . Mrs . * feiT o « eTB B 31 " . and has betn doing well and f ££ ? Ui . he comforts of life ; yet she was vay de-^ f to re turn back to SeoUand . fc . a l i ^ " ^ eat » ith Mr , Anderson to visit a ' j . ^ Seoi > aa i { £ y jegjdicgia t 2 ie same street teTiLi ^ Xceed ^ i ? ly kind . 1 stayed to tea , and was Ibe CTtX ** ^ there ' * mch J did durin « *^ In lg ^ - ~ ?> Hr . H . drove ilr . A . and mjstif round tbe Sa fer ' * ' * * ^ ludd « aye di stance ; th . rv ^ a btoig en i r . p .- ^ elake , aad upon a fl ^ t pi ^ uie . r-7 » . * L ~ " ^ -a ie ft LoL-icn f .-r I \ t «\ 'j .:.. i ~ . J . after - * i b , cgL : a i ^ ^^ fcr t / __ . ^ iiilaL ,

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      from Chicago . He now carries on an excellent business as a tailor and draper . He never lived npon his farm , but hired persons to at Und to itand finding it a heavy charge , be sold it to a Mr Fawcett , an old >* cbeler , who bad been a coramerl cm traveller in England , and bad at last sat down here in perfect content , and 1 may iay , ¦ olitadt . Mr . H . &sd Joffc two hundred dollars by the improvements be bad made ; and be Is sure that Mr . F . will be a Iomt by his method ef managing the farm . About two months ago , Lord Morpeth arrived here , on a Sunday morning , and stayed at the City Hotel opposite Mr . Hodgson ' s . He went te the church , and took possession of Captain Russell ' s pew . Mrs .

      Russell soon after arrived , when his lordship opened the door and walked out until she walked in . He then followed her and seated himself by ber side . ilrs . Russell considered this an insult ; and made inquiries as to who tbe person was , who could be bo ludeas to take sach a liberty in her husband ' s absence . Inquiry was made , and the was informed it was Lord Morpeth . " Yes , " she said , " I thought he must be some lowbred fellow , or be would not have been guilty of such a thing . " This lady was of tbe first standing in the city , but she had no respecter aristocrats . Mr . Yan Burea had visited the city in tbe interim betwixt Lord Morpeth ' s visit and mine , and tie citizsns turned out and gav » him a public entry , when the same lady was one of tbe front in the mounted srocession .

      I may here observe that Lord Morpeth bad sent a messenger before him to announce his arrival , evidently expecting that a demonstration would be got up by some of the American Whigs . It was , however , " no go . " Therefore after his church-joins ? , he took his departure the same day on board the Great Western steamer , from the deck of which be showed himself aa much as possible ; yet , not a cheer was given in honour of the aristocrat and ex-Secretary of Ireland . Th < _ only parties who wert to pay their respects , wtre a pork eurer and a draper ; both Whigs , * f course . The wisdom of the Yankees was clearly shown in their

      contempt of empty titles . "V an Buren , who visited CHICAfio very shortly after the lord , met with a very different reception . The Militia , the Montgomery guard , and all the Volunteer Corps , turned out in fall uniform ; and in the port tbe fia # 4 were hoisted at every mastbead , and evtry other manifestation of joy was made . In short , the ex-President was received as a friend and a brother . Mr . Yan Buren had been raised to tbe highest office by the voice of his brother cit 2 ; ns , and he bad performed bis dnty to their satisfaction . How gratifying must it then have been to receive their applause , with a knowledge that he bad earned it

      In the first Chicago Democrat published after his lordship ' s visit , it was stated that " Lord Marpeth has visited this city , and had the honour of sitting next to us at dinner . " This was the only public notice taken of him . Mr . King , of Bernadottb , Fulton County , Illinois , who bad migrated from the New England States to Rochester , in tbe West of New York State , was here watching the turn of events , ready to dart npon any place which would be advantageous . Bsbsai > otte is 200 miles from Chicago ; 90 miles to travel by coach and the remainder by steam-boat His residence is 16 miles from the Illinois river , which he regularly visits , returning with corn which is generally sent to St . Loris , where they go for Bait and other merchandise .

      Mojtdat 29 ; fc—Mr . Ware , who was apprenticed to an engraver , in New York , but who ! s now making boots and shoes for the citizens of Chicago , and whose father is a farmer at Otsigo , six miles south of Southport , in Illinois , gave me the following information : — Mr . WellB , to wboia be bad been apprenticed , bad been shown a plan of an intended city , 1 , 000 miles from any white settlement , and 1500 miles south-west of this plaee , or described to be so by Mr . Kinnerley , who professed to be the proprietor , bnt who never owned a yard of tbe land , and who it is believed had never been in tbe country ; but who bad procured imaginary

      designs , and beautifully coloured descriptions of what the city would arrive at in a few years ; with roads , bridges , navigable rivers , railways , steamers , lakes , and minerals in abundance ; tbe prairies of the richest kind ; timber of the finest quality . In fact it was described as a perfect ? aradise . Upon these bare assertion , Mr . Wells paid down 6 , 000 dollars , and be was not the only one thus duped by a mode of swindling quite new to me ; and a mode too not bo Boon detected , as a lifetime might be spent before finding the district , a distance , it was said , of 3 , 600 miles from New York .

      I was informed that a Mr . Franklin came to this plaee some yean ago , with considerable capital , and was asked 100 dollars for a town plot of land . This be considered to be too much , and after looking round , be said be could do no good with his capital , and therefore be returned to England . Some time after he came out again , and offered tbe amount be had been before asked for tbe plot , but was then asked 4000 dollars . This so alarmed him , that be again returned home . And , as if to prove the eft-repeated assertion , that when a person had once visited America he cannot rest when from it , he returned to Chicago once more , and was asked 14 , 000 dollars for the said plot of land .

      Three years age it was disposed of for 40 , 000 dollars . Thus shewing what this gentleman might have saved in travelling expenses and realized in profit had he at first paid down the 100 dollars . It also shews the rapidly increasing valne of town land in consequence of the speculating mania . This land was put in possession of a banking company as security , and during the panic they seld it by auctien for 17 , 000 dols . About this time Illinois paper fel ) from 100 to 35 cents per dollar . Colonel Hamilton , who held all the offices in this place when in its infancy , bougbt a lot for 100 dollars , be was afterwards offered for the same plot 18 , 000 dollars ; be stood out and would take no less than 24 , 000 , and it is now worth no more than 4 500 dollars .

      Messrs . Moseley and Macord bonght a lot for 37 , 000 dollars , to be paid for by instalments . They have paid more thsn one half the amount It is now worth no more than 200 dollars . A gentleman , in tbe height of tbe mania , bought a large lot , on which be built a splendid mansion about a mile out of the city . He paid at that time forty doliara per thousand for bricks . Now they can be bought at three-and-a-half dollars . Carpenter ' s wages wtre then three dollars a day ; now they have not half that sum ; and be paid for everything in thejeame proportion . Tbia bouse has now passed from its owner , and i * like a deserted village .

      Farm servants' wages were here one dollar per day , with board in harvest ?« ow they bave twenty dollars per month . Butcher ' s meat when at the highest is , for beef two and a half and three cents , wholesale -, retail three cents . The offal is thrown to the dogs . Mutton two and two ^ and a hal f cents by the quarter ; in small cuts fo ur and five cents . Veal , retail , four cents . Pork , during autumn and winter , ( in summer it is little used ) one and a half cents . Chickens six shillings York , or or three shillings and a halfpenny English , per ^ o * en . On an average they are one dollar per dczin . Fionr

      three dollars per barrel of 198 pounds . Indian corn one and a biif dollars per bushel , rough off the cobb . Oats twenty cants , and wheat sixty-five cents per bushel . Vegetables are now very plentiful , and consequently very cheap ; applts eighteen cents or ninepence per bushel ; peaches thirty-seven and a half cents . Fresh butter eight cents per ib . Cheese from seven to eight cents per lb . Potatoes eighteen cents per bushel . Sugar ten cents per lb . Best Hyson tea seventy-five cents per lb . Coffee eight lbs . for one dollar . Fish six cents per lb ., and smoked ham six cents per lb .

      My box not having arrived , I spent the afternoon with Mr . Hodgson and family . The day was very hot Yesterday , a gentleman on his way to church , having on a black cap , which concentrated the son ' s rays , was Sun-struck " , and was in a very dangerous st&te ; however , be recovered about tea-time . Mr . Hodgson drove me out u > the extent of the intended city , which , like all American intended cities , is of bo mean extent In oDr circuit we passed upwards of 200 waggons from Indians ; soni 9 were drawn by oxen and others had horses ; tbsy were all unyoked and feeding by the sides of the wsgeons . They were waiting until n ^ xt morcing , when they would go into the city to dispose of the produce , which principally consisted of wheat . They also bring fruit , which sometimes is sold exceedingly cheap , the market being frequently glutted .

      I was at a loss o know what the people meant when talking about tbs " husieis , " until I was told that it was the name generally giv * n to the Indiana fanners . They encamp during the night on tbe verge of the lake , and form no mean appearance , their encampment resembling that of an invading army . The waggons bad , is general , six cr eight oxen attached to them ; some of a waller size had two or four horses . These proprietors , or farmers , are very different in their habits to our proud English farmers , who send their servants with tbe teams , while they ride on horseback and put up at the first inns , even when an aristocratic landlord is waiting lor their last shilling . Tbe appearance of these Indiana farmers is quite novel , and might be mistaken for an army of gypsies preparing to lay siege to Fort Dearborn , which i » situated between tbe kke and the city , on the south side of the river , and was erected for tbe defence of the settkrs against the incursions of the Indians .

      I fouad that the settlers of the States around here have e ^ ch a sort of bye-name , as the following : —Connecticu ' c , " Yellow-bellied Yankees ; " Ohio , Corn Crakera ; " Michigan , " Buckeys ; " Illinois , " Suckers ;" and Indiana , ' « HusJers . " Mr . Heron , of Pireust , west of here , on tbe Fox River , said be wanted a man with a small family to take charge of his cattle ; and be desired I would look out lor one- Tbe wage * he proposed to give were sixteen or eighteen dollars per month , to live rest-free , but to provide for himself ; although he might grow as many vegetables as bis family required , bave as much milk as they could use , kill a pig when he liked , have Indian corn at 24 oe&ts and wheat at 60 cents per bushel , beef at 2 or 3 cents , and sa . ted porkatl and l £ cents per l b . His living , therefore , would not amount to more than one-sixth of bis wave * .

      Mr . Heron is by trade a carpenter , and formerly ¦ wcr ted for a dollar a-day . He afterwards commenced jobbiug work , and Htated that be would now werk in rib other way ; he also said be would labour for no man for less than three bushels of wbtsat , er fifty lbe . weight of pork per day . He has land , cattle , and buildings , in addition to his own business , at which he worked for all who weuld employ him . He bad come forty miks with his wbea :, which be had sold , and would return the following morning . From tbe nature of my inquiries , fee supposed that I \ ras looking out lor a settlement . He therefore

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      pressed me very much to accompany him , offering to take me free of charge , and provide for dm while I remained . Of court © , be , like all others , wanted neighbours , that thereby the value of bis property might be enhanced . These people are very hospitable ; and I ahoald hare accepted this kind man's invitation , had I not suffered too mnch fatigue , and the weather being so extremely hot He informed me of aeveral good locations ia his neighbourhood , bat there was a deficiency of timber , and they were compelled to grow it He said tbe vicinity of the Rock River was better than that of tbe Fox , for the growth of wheat ; but the latter was better for the growth of Indian corn . He likewise described a settlement , principally Scotch , who were at a great distance from Umber ; but they were now planting . He gave them great praise for sobriety and industry .

      This man informed me that tea miles on hia way home ( westward ) the rise above the level of Chicago is nly four feet , and that all the way there was a perfect level as far as his own home . More westward the land had slight elevations , but for hundreds of miles there are ne prominent hills . Mr . Hogdson told me that he always kept hismnoked bams under round stones , or what , in Yorkshire , are called " Bonldera ; " he had also a kind of large doable box . stuffed between the boards with bay , in which be preserved his potatoes from the frost .

      I here learned that public principle was prostrated at tbe shrine of Wammom , in regard to the New York and Erie railway , by many pledging themselves to vote for such candidates for Congress , as would guarantee to support the carrying out of that work , bowever much they might disagree in politics . Tbe line of railway is intended to carry the trade directly west , and will oppose the Boston and Albany railways . No doubt it would be advantageous to a large district of country and will greatly augment the value of property . Property iB here idolized . ' So much ao , that I am told many openly advocate a property qualification for voters . Mr . Hodgson showed me a house , which was small , for which he had paid 350 dollars per annnm rent , but the landlord asking 400 , he built one for himself . Tbe bouse he rented cost only 500 dollars . It now lets for 100 dollars .

      Mr . HesBey , an Englishman , bought a plot of building ground for 10 , 000 dollars for which he was afterwards offered 50 , 000 . He said if it was worth that sum to others , it was of equal worth to himself ; he , therefore , refused to take less than 100 000 . The speculation mania ceased . The crash came ; the banks cloned ! and his plot would only realize a mere trifle . Subsequently this gentleman had to make a voyage to England to raise money to pay his taxes , his boasted property baving so much depreciated in value , as net to be worth one half the sum he paid for it Mr . B . Morgan purchased a plot of building land , on which he erected a bouse at a cost of seven hundred dollars ; be paid far the plot , by instalments , 150 t dollars , which was half the purchase money . Dr . Foster , of whom he had purchased the plot , agreed to accept the plot , the house , and tbe 1500 dollars paid , and free him from the remaining 1580 .

      The plan of tbe city , extending along tbe shore of tbe lake and two miles to the westward , was sold in lots at such enormous prices as to involve most of the purchasers in ruin . lu my absence , a Mr . Mawley , or Crawley , called and enquired for me at Mr . Anderson ' s . He had travelled over Iowa , Wisconsin , and Illinois , and had bought 1500 acres of land on Fox Rivek , I llinois , and wss much pleased with his settlement He had got fifty acres improved , and had come to dispose of feis wheat I was sorry I did not see him , as I might have obtained much valuable information . When in England be was secretary to a Chartist Association ; and hearing of me at Chicago , he bad called on me as a ChartUt .

      I was introduced to Mr . Durand , one of the refugee Canadian patriots , who is settled here as a lawyer . He toM me many things respecting Mr . W . L . Mackenzie , with regard to his general good character and valour . He admitted that be bad an hasty temper , and was very jealous of lawyers . I had considerable conversation with this gentleman relative to Messrs . Hume and Roebuck ; and he seemed convinced of the dangerous and destructive tendency of their Malthusian principles , when I explained them to him . He , bowever ,

      observed that if I called upon Mackenzie , and expressed my opinion in the same manner to him , a quarrel would most assuredly ensue ; and , in fact , I should not be safe in Lower Canada were I to give utterance to my sentiments . IViSDAY , 30 th . —I met with Mr . George Armorer , a Scotchman , living at Otawa ; his brother , a baker , also resides at the same place . He informs me that the difference between that place and this is scarcely perceptible . They have plenty of coal at 5 cents , per bushel . He raises wheat , Indian corn , oats , and flax

      Air . Andersen told me that be saw tbe amount of 15 , 000 dollars " in paper" sold for 16 s , This is banking with a vengeance ! I met with Mr . Bower , from Netbertbong , near Huddersfield . He had worked 21 years at a factory at Bridgp&rt , Connecticut , where be had saved some money , and was now in quest of a suitable plot of land . His son had gone on foot to Wisconsin , and he was going by steam to meet him at Racine . I intended to accompany him , but could not arrange to do so . His family were residing at Poukiepsie , and lodging with an old friend of Southcolian-notoriety , formerly of Mould Green , Huddersfield .

      Mr . HodgBOn drove me this evening over a wide extent of prairie , principally for the purpose of showing m « the superficial manner in which they construct their railways , one of which , intended to be carried to Galena , is now lyii . g dormant It had been begun with great spirit ; bat " the panic" dried up tbe funds , and stayed its further progress . \* Wednesday , 31 st—The population of this city ( Chicago ) is about 0 , 000 ; they are a mixture of Yankees , Irish , Scotch end Eaglish . One of the streets runs close to , and parallel with the river . About 200 yards distant is the main street , running westward and parallel with the one before mentioned , which is intersected by others at regular distances , some of which are business streets . There are a few stores , but

      more warehouses . The mais street is mostly composed o ! stores , some professing to be wholesale . This street is about three quarters of a mile in length , and , as ia generally the case in America , very spacious . One portion of the city , on the north bank of tbe river , to which there are two draw bridges , iB but indifferently paved , having stagnant water on tbe sides of the road . In consequence of its being on a level with the river and lake , io cellars are dug . At the extremity of the buildings , to the west , tberiver divides ; the south branch only extending about six miles , and is therefore called an outlet or Indian skonk creek . The north branch which is not navigable , extends forty miles in a

      nurthwes *» direction . It has no current , and wheu the wind is strong from tbe lake the water ia blown backward and raised to a considerable height . The whole of the streets iu the city , as also the prairie as far as the ey « c-in reach , have frequently betsn under water . Five years ago tbe lake was five feet higher than usual , which caused the inhabitants to be alarmed for tbe safety of their lives and their dwellings . The Indians affirm that such rising of the water occurs every seventh year ; the people therefore fear its return . Ad opinion extensively prevails that tbe lake formerly emptied itself into the Illinois river , which opinion is streugbened by the marked course on tbe rocks as seen at the tides and also by tbe surface of the land .

      The building of this city was commenced about Beven years ago . Ten years since the Indians were ranged all round tbe burnt down " Fort Dearborn , " which was rebuilt , but is k now dismantled . The water for tbe supply of the city is raised by a steam engine , from the Lake by pipes laid in an inclined plane to a considerable distance into the Lake . It is conveyed into large wooden cisterns , and without filtering , or any other process , is conducted from the elevation in wooden pipas to all parts ot the city . This ia under the management of a chartered company . The lowest charge for

      the smallest family is to be ( when the works are completed ) ten dollars , and more according to tbe number of the family , Ac Their mude of bering the wooden pipes is most ingenious and expeditious . The logs ore eight feet long , and by the same i > owd with which the water ia raised , tbe bore is made , each one in the short space of three minutes . These pipes are not tapered , like ours , and let into each other at the ends , but are joined by an iron socket which is fixed with white lead , or other competition less expensive . They are perfectly water-tight

      Cultivation is little known here . The citiasns send their cattle to the prairie , when and where they please , and they cut what they require where most suitable , no one asking them a question . Yet with these advantages , milk is sold in summer at four cents , and in winter at six cents , per quart The milk-men ride in handsome spring carts , and bring the milk along with them . Business is here much better than in any place I have visited . The people are all well employed at good wages . The immense influx of " husiers , " ( Indiana farmer *) and tbe Backers , " ( lilicois farmers ) with their wheat and fruit , te this city , causes a great bustle and considerable trade .

      It is difficult to form an estimate of the number of farmers who come here annually . I saw upwards of 300 in one day ; some of them as humbly clad as many of the poorest labourers . They , bowever , live well on their own produce , and are the most independent people in the world , having plenty , aad to spare , of the good things of this life . ( To be continued . J

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      Dublin , Mat 12—In consequence of the excitement arising out of the recent Repeal display , or rather affray , at Clones . ithas been deemed expedient to Btation a troop of the 3 rd Dragoon Guards , lately arrived from England , at Mooaghan . The Fermanagh paper also announces that on Wednesday a troop of the 12 th Lancers arrived at £ aaiskilleu , and are quartered at the Artillery barraokB , where it is understood a troop will be permanently stationed . Government has placed them at Enniskill ^ n for the purpose of sustaining the police should any necessity arise out of the Repeal movement . It is rumoured that artillery and a regiment will also be sent there , and when the importance of the pass between ; he weBt and north is considered , the wonder ia that Enni « killen should ever ha . Te been left without a considerable force . *

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      HARMONY HALL . LBXIXB X . TO THS EDITOft OF THB NORTHERN STaK . Sir—I have engaged in this letter to point out some of tbe substantive advantages tost would be derived from . the adoption of M * . Owen's preliminary Charter , as tbe basic of a strongly united movement , and to endeavour to shew the ease with which it may be obtained . This is so large and extensive a subject as to require a long series of letters to do anything like adequate justice to it ; but as I am anxious to proceed to lay before your readersas early as possible , some of the succeeding practical steps , I ghall content myself with a cursory survey at present , and will , with your permission , at some future period treat more in detail .

      1 . —National production employment for all who desire it , every one must readily admit , will relieve an Immense mass of misery which now exists ; and will do away with any necessity for farther agitation for a repeal ot the corn Caws , or any other petty measures and Btratagems , for providing food for the people , or for procuring customers for their manufactories , when we bave the greatest abundance of land lying idle , or at the best very partially cultivated ; and have millions of people not only willing to be employed , but desirous of being better clothed and lodged , and also deairona of taking advantage of every discovery either in science ,

      mechanics , » r toe fine arts . Again , with regard to obtaining national employment , who can deny , or who , on calm consideration , would desire to deny the right of employment to all who need it ? We have now to support all who live , and if at first they are awkward at occupation , they kave not previously been accustomed to , it will be easily seen that the mere habits of order , acquired by industry , will be immense advantages ; and if the labour be wisely divided , and made attractive instead of repulsive , who can estimate the wealth that would soon be produced by a good system of national employment .

      2 . —National nnexcluslve superior practical education for all who require it , is a measure of immense magnitude and importance , and wnnted for every being in existence . Education , at least as hitherto conducted , has simply been the training of man for the developement of some small portion of his faculties to the neglect of all the others ; and the most learned , or the moat skilled , are still very imperfect and irrational on most subjects . The edacation to which Mr . Owen refers can only be given under extensive and well combined arrangements with nnited interests , and will cultivate all the powers and faculties , physical , mental , moral , and practical of evory individual . The exhibition of the effects of such an education , even in one moderate combination , will produce an entire change in the feelings and convictions of all who witness them ; and will prepare the way in the most rapid manner ; for the whole of the ulterior proceedings ; and whose interest will it be to oppose this ?

      8 . —A graduated property tax , commencing with properties yielding an income of not less than two hundred pounds a-year . This , as the imposition of a burden , will fer a time be resisted by some ; but calm consideration will soon shew them that their own interests , their position ia society , and the welfare of themselves , their fai&Ufea , and the elasB to which they belong , will render it prudent and deuirable that they should accede to this most just proposal ; supported as it will be not only by the millions of the operative classes ; but also by thosa who are now pressed and worn down by the Income Tax , which is a per centage on all properties large or small , or , however derivable , whilst this being only on accumulated property , and od a graduated scale in proportion to its extent , would be felt only by those to whom the relief of disposing of somo of their continually increasing surplus would be a great boon .

      4—The abolition of all existing taxes and monopolies , few would object to ; whilst the advantages to be derived from it would be beyond all eommra estimate , and cannot be powerfully resisted . 5—Free trade in all tfaiDgs with all tbe world , will also supersede tho necessity ef further agitation for the repeal of tbe Corn Laws , or any other such puerile measures as now agitate tho public mind , and will extend civilisation and social intercourse to nn unheardof extend , and will be eagerly embraced by all parties when they can see the easy mode of obtaining it . 6—Free egress and ingress to all natives and foreigners , except to foes in open hostility . This is one of tbe just tights of humanity , that will make itself desired by all , and there will soon be no foes in open hostility to lose the advantages ot it

      7—Unrestricted liberty of speech , writing , and publication . This again is a right of man , irresistable by any opposition that can be offered to it ; when it shall be demanded in that calm , firm , and determined manner , which will shew that the parties have resolved on exercis ' ng it properly . 8 and 9—The abandonment of tbe three fundamental errors on which society has hitherto been based , and the adoption of the three opposite fundamental truths . This peTbapa will be the most difficult to ask to perform , but the progress that is new daily being made , is a most sore indication of ultimate and even speedy success ; for never did the important advantages to be derived from the adoption of truo principles manifest themselves so rapidly to the public mind .

      10—Tbe abandonment of foreign and all artificialmade money , and the adoption ot national-made money to represent the exact value of exchangeable weaUh . Tbis is a measure of the most pressing necessity to allow of the free exercise of labour , and when clearly understood , as it soon may be , will be eagerly sought for by every class tnd party . ] 1—The abandonment of ths practice of creating anything inferior , when it may be made superior . The annual amount of loss incurred by creating inferior articles of every description , far exceeds what may be conceived possible by parties who have not sufficiently investigated the subject ; and there will be very little objection to a change in this respect being made , when a fnll explanation respecting the advantages to be Uerived from it shall have taken place .

      12—Tbe exchangeable value of all wealth to be decided by properly qualified officers , appointed by the nation , wbo will have no private interest ta bias their judgment A step of this kind as preliminary to associations on principles of united interests may be most advantageously ' taken ; and , when clearly understood , will meet with scarcely any opposition . As I stated in the early part of this letter , I hope on soflie future occasion to enter more into detail respecting this Charter ; but I trust that what I have already

      said will shew your readers that it contains immense practical advantages , and that these advantages will receive very little opposition from any great number of the population when tbe subject shall become understood . Each point will however provide topics of immense importance for the missionaries and the press ; and it will be in proportion as a united and vigorous agitation can be made , and the snbject thereby become dearly understood by the public , that its popularity will be apparent , and an irresistible public opinion will be formed that will carry all opposition before it .

      In considering the manner in which this agitation should be carried forward , let ub look at the best means of concentrating the power of the people , as I stated in a former letter , the reason why those who perform all the busines of BOcJety are in their present wretched condition , calling and appealing for aid and asistance to those who can only live from ttie amount of this wealth that they have already obtained , can only arise from their ignorance of feow to combine and wisoly direct the means they possess . If we take the comparison of

      numbers tbe sufferers have an immense { majority ; they have Individually more physical strength ; and they bring uo among their ranks the most skilled and talented * persona who are gradually drawn off to join tho ranks of their oppressors through a false system of society being adopted . Wita tbe intelligence now possessed with respect to true fiisH principles , a single mind fully competent t » organise tbe strength and numbers of the people upon these principles , may almost immediately he enabled to bring a power in action infinitely stronger than any law before witnessed .

      I know that in arguing for an organizition directed by a single mind , I am excitiDg prejudices of the most powerful character against the other observations I may make ; but thia will ba no hindrance to me . The subject is beyond all personal , class , sect , or party considerations , and must be grappled with in a manner proportionate to its magnitude . We can no longer halt between two opinions ; we must either boldly advance , and meet every difficulty and overcome it , or we must gradually see onr fellow-men sink deeper in poverty , vice , crime and misery , and speedily become involved ourselves ia the same vortex , and ultimately overwhelmed .

      The increased powers of machinery , not in this country alone , but in every other , will daily increase the misery which exists , until Borae great change shall take place , and this change will either be one of coercion , or extended liberty , in proportion as the combined intelligence of man feball direct it . I have no fear of ultimate results ; for the light of truth is top widely diffused to feat its being again overshadowed by error , but there will be some most convulsive throes in the collisions that will take place , and these will be more or less disastrous in their effects , in proportion as the enbject on which I have treated , shall be understood or otherwise .

      At present I am aware the great body of the operative classes bold the opinion that committees and elected agenta are the best parties to advise what shall be dene for them but with tbis opinion I shall have to combat , and all I ask of yonr readers is a calm and patient survey of what I shall urge . Opposed as I shall be at first by all the feelings which bava been engendered by tbe oppression that tbe operative classes bave hitherto received , if my opinions are erroneous they will soon acquire tueir deserved insignificance and may easily be overcoat ; but if on the other hand , tbe plans I shall lay down are correct , and receive your permission to explain them freely t « the public , tbe examination they will receive will enable them to be well tested , and their truth or otherwise mads manifest .

      The time has now arrived , as I have previously stated , when we must part with all sur long cherished prejutiicea and feelings , provided these are not in accordance with the sciences of human nature and of society ; and coBseqatititly , % vith the three great fundamental truths , or prhic . ples , which nma * . fovm the basis on which to orgaaise suck a society as the oiw I hate referred to .

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      To lessen aa much as possible any misconception that may exist in the minds of those who read these letters on the nature of the powers to be vested in the president and council of the society , I will in my next letter point out the kind of authority or power I would propose to vest them with . I am , Sir , Yonr obedient servant , WlLLIiH GaLPIN . Harmony Hall , near Stookbridge , Haste , May 15 , 1843 .

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      SYDNEY , NEW SOUTH WALES . TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STABSiR , —We feel it a duty incumbent on ourselves as well as what we owe to our countrymen , to address you in consequence of the scarcity of employment in New South Wales , for boot and shoe makers , and the insatiable demand some of the employers pretend to have for more men . One of the Immigration Committee has waited on one of our employers ( and only one > to ascertain the average rate of wages earned weekly by onr trade , ( this evidence was given before the Immigration committee en

      Wednesday , June 8 th , 1842 , and republished in the Sydney Herald , September 28 th , 1842 , ! - —Who most unjustly overrated the wages which a man can possibly earn should be be employed , and work bard sixteen hours ever ; day in the week , which would not bave been the result if other employers had been consultedthey would undoubtedly have acted in a more conscientious manner , and not bave endeavoured , by a false statement , to bring men who perhaps bave wives and children , from their homes in Great Britain and Ireland , to be not half employed in New South Wales .

      Tbe above statement was donbtleasJy thrown ont as a bait te entrap our fellow tradesmen at home to Emigrate to this Colony , fer the express purpose of lowering the present rate of wages . There are now , Mr . Editor , too many boot and shoemakers here , and we are sure that one-third of them are destitute of employment ; others have been obliged to leave Sydney and engage as shepherds , bullock drivers , or stock keepers . Snrely , sir , such employment Is repugnant , not only to tbe inclination , but to the ability of shoemakers , particularly as their wages are very low , and the rations they receive not sufficient for their support , so that their wages are reduced to nothing by their paying exorbitant prices to their employers , from whom they must purchase every article they want in addition to tbe rations allowed them . Surely , Mr Editor , this does not appear like a demand for more shoemakers , particularly at a time when tbe market is glutted with English work .

      Boots to the amount of £ 48 000 were imported to this colony alone last year . This nny person must be very well aware , would materially affect the journeymen end tbe trade in general . These facts we will leave to the careful consideration of our seffrring fellow countrymen , and hope they may have the desired effect of opening their eyes , that they may not be kidnapped to leave their native homes under thi delusive hopes held out to them by the mercenary agents of the United Kingdom . Every emigrant to this colony , that leaves , hU home and friends , to better his condition in life , under tbe impression that on his arrival in Sydney be will meet ample remuneration , will find himself disappointed ; for when he comes , be finds himself not half employed , provisions rt@ar , and rents at the unparalleled rate they an ; and if out of employment for only a short time , he can Bcuculy recover bis loss by the most unremitting diligence . See the reports of insolvency , they will argue more than we have language to express .

      The insertion of the above in yonr valuable journal , will greatly oblige , Sir , Youra very respectfully . The Operative Cordwainers of New South Wales , Signed on behalf , George Gartoh , President Tiios . Wood , Secretary . Crown and Anchor Tavern , George-st ., Sydney , Jan . 1 st , 1843 .

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      TO MB . JOHN LINTON . Sir , —As , in giving on acsount of your very interesting experiment upon your small plot of land , you have not gone sufficiently into detail , to enable me , not in practice , to follow you with great clearness , will you be kind enough to answer me the following questions , in order that I may more fully comprehend your admirable system ? You soy , " I bava 4 . 021 square yards of land , divided into four parts , with crops as follows" : — No . 1 . —925 square yards , first crcpjPotatoes , second crop Swoedisb Turnips . No . 2—1 ) 23 square yards , first crop Cabbage , second crop Potatoes . No . 3 .-923 square yarda , first crop Cabbage , second crop Swedish Turnips .

      First then , at what time and in what ^ manBer you plant tbe potatoes on No . l—and at what time do you reap them so that they can be followed by a crop of Sweedieh turnips ? Do you sow your turnips broad ( or open ) cast , or yon drill them ; or do you raise them iu bads apart from tbe lot and then transplant them ? If you transplant ut what time do you sow your seed bsd , and what breadth of ground does it occupy ? At what time do you sow the cabbage seed which is to form the first crop for No . 2 ? At what time do you transplant them into the places wheie thoy are to form the first crop of No . 2 ; and at what time do yeu reap th « m , so that they can be followed by a crop of potatoes ?

      Do you sow and transplant the cabbage-seed for No . 3 at the same time as that for No . 2 ? What breadth of ground do the plants , when pricked out for Nos . 2 and 3 occupy ? What time do you reap them so that the ? can be followed by a crop of Swedish turnips ? Bo you treat yonr turnip seed the same as for No . 1 ? At what time do you reap the crops on Nos . 2 and 3 , so that you can throw tbe land up in ridges in November ? And how do you preserve the crop for use ? Is the twenty quarts of milk per day for forty-six weeks ths result of actual observation , or of estimate ? Does the forty-seven days' labour include all the mowing , digging , sowing , planting , transplanting , hoeing , getting in the crops , preparing the daily food of the cows , milking , and cleaning after the cows ; in * hort , does it include the whole to bo done both at land and cattle ?

      If you will have the goodness to answer these questions in detnil , and give any other little matter that strikes you as necessary to the carrying out tho experiment , you will oblige yours , truly , James Penny . Millbridge , May 15 , 1843 . P . S . Will you be kind enough to say in wh 3 t manner you manure , and what kinds of cabbage and potatoes you plant ?

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      THE NATIONAL BENEFIT SOCIETY . TO THE CHARTIST PUBLIC . Persecuted yet Persevering Brethren , — Having by our united energies passed through the iiery ordeal of prejudice and distorted c ! as ; -ijaade Jaws , we appear to bave arrived upon tbe eve of another crisis , when the commencement of a new era is about to open unto us with its new operations calculated to lead us by more easy means to the goal for which we bave struggled , even the Charter and the people ' s laws . Our champion O'Connor hath lifted the broad curtain of the new stage , yet old , tbe stage of nature , and displayed with a masterly haud the imraunso advantages within tbe reach of our united exertions , on the broad fields of our native land , whero nature with her sun , ber wind , and rain , faileth not to reward the husbandman for his toil a hundred-fold .

      Come , brothers , with a strong faith In nature , and the powers she hath invested us witk , our skill and industry let us strive to pass tbe threshold of her temple , and return like loving children io the inviting bosom of our mother earth ; she is teeming still , her paps are full to oveiflowing ; she sighetb for her children to fatten on her milk and honey . True we are poor , and the land of our fathers is held i ; i a sterile state by a band of usurpers , invaders of the natural rights of their more useful brethren , recreant children of a but too forbearing parent Yet may we , by a union of our order , the oppressed , and our wonted perseverance , pass the barriers they have erected , and once and for life become possessors of our native soil , and glad our last hours with the rich bequest of our happy inheritance to our children .

      Up , than t Let us prepare to purchasa and provide for our journey to this " land of promise . I have proposed in my previous letters , a National Benefit Society , as the most necessary for the attainment of our object , and the supplying our wants by the way . In my letter of last week , I set forth how I proposed to do tbis , as far as money matters and business operations are concerned , to which I again refer you . In continuation , I bave , in providing for general adult instruction , proposed several kinds of meetings , —such as lectures , long and ahott addresses , conversation meetings , clasBea for reading , writing , &c ; and for tbe expedition of business and instruction , I have proposed B&veial committees , for superintending tbe studies ia grammar , arithmetic , writing , ia , & ; . Thus we may train up onr members at for any office that the Society may require to be filled . Under the head of business operations , the opening of warehouses or

      stores Is provided for , for the purpose of supplying our members , and the publlo generally , with a good article , at a moderate price ; and increasing the funds of the Society . Therefore , every member would be interested in purchasing at tho store ; to which there could not possibly be any objection , aa tbe rate of profits , and the election of ofikura , is placed in the bands of tho body at large . Iu this department , we should be enabled to dispose of the produce of onr land and workshops , at the retail price , instead of the wholesale , ttMcIi would add some 15 per cent , to the common stock , besides giving employment to members on the funds , or box , as porters , servers , < fec . for which another rule provides . Thus much of the plan I recoKimmoncl , I have laid btfure you , with a view to set jou ibtaMng th < re ^ n ; freluvir-g ttmt you wfti Indeed think eitu mu , that such % plan ifl necessary and practicable .

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      Brothers , —I have provided and must ins . ? i that all offlcea shonld be filled upon the strictest print pies of democracy ; by election , and ejection , by tho v : > t * n ef the members . Now , although I admit the tkree p- nciplei seVforkh by Mr . Galpin in his letter eighth , aid oeiieve their reception by the mind of man as r : ecessa r 7 to the cultivation and maintenance ot charity with a i men , yet I must inform Mr . G . thst we have a funds . u ' . rntal principle as necessary to tbe maintenance of oi ^ er , in any community or nation , i . e . the democratic pii ci ple , government by the people , either p « sonally or by representation ; the first is what Is termed a simple

      democracy , the latter a representative democracy , and I respectfully submit to onr Social friend , that Mi proposition for the election of a president , and giv .- n * him the power to chose the council , would be a viohfoa ot onr fundamental principle , nnder which tho council should rather elect the preside t than the president the council It would be more proper that the council and president , with all other offices , should ba elecUd to their respective offices by the members in Iheir several localities . I am at a loss to discover wherefore the Socialists should prefer beginning at the top of the * . rea and going downwards , whilst nature ever begin ::. t the bottom and directs her course upwards .

      Upon the next question , i . e ., who should be the President , it ia but natural that Mr . G . should , ia a Socialist , think the founder of the Social system . Mr . Owen , the most fitted to fill tbe office ; au'i it ia but reasonable that I should , as a Chartist , think s << tne person in our ranks more fit Further , it is but natural , as an aspirant to the name I have signed at the bottom of these letters , out of a desire to emulate the viitui-a of those Roman Tribunes , that I should give the preference to our Quiutus Cincton&tus , which name I should interpret , a lover of agriculture—a noble and modest ma ; and infer , from a desire to emulate these virtues , loIs Roman name was assumed by our indi fatigable O C nnor , in recommendation of whom to the office of President of our new National Society I shall shortly write , setting forth his excellencies and capabilitieK of directing so great a movement . For the present I rtfar my brethren to his letters , which prove he is a practical man , —one great point in recommendation .

      The next point of disagreement between Mr . G . md myBelf 13 Mr . Oweu ' s Charter . In letter eighth , air . Galpin sets forth that the President and Council should publish a manifesto or preliminary charter , and get nj > an agitation , and petition the Legislature to ; pass it . Again , in letter nine , Mr . Q . recommends Mr . Ower ' s preliminary charter as the manifesto of the new Society , the road to which Charter I submit to yuu would be through tbe People ' s Charter , and that the agitation that would carry Mr . Owen's , wonld carry the more important measure ot political rights , when the people would be enabled to pass and maintain any or all of the povnts of Mr . Owen ' s Charter chat may be deemed necessary . Again , our new society vpould be able to carry the most important Darts ints

      effect , and would only require the People ' s Charter . 0 enable them to preserve their new position from i \ e assaults of class legislation . Therefore , to urge % a agitation tor Mr . Owen ' a Charter before tbe Fevph ' s Charter would be seeking to run the people after the " herring ' s trail . " Indeed , this Preliminary Charter of the Rational System would serve better as an open qut-dtion in the new society than as its manifesto . The minds of the working class are not sufficiently weaned u-oai wha $ in that Cuarter i 3 designated fundamental erros , to be won to the whole of its clauses , and it will to ^ e much discussion even la the new society , ere tlsy will adopt it as a whole . However , time and its teaching will do wonders , and to it we must leave the venerable Mr . Owen ' s principles . But Mr . Galpin ' as proaiised to show tbe advantages of Mr . Owea ' a Charter , after which I may again write thereon . In the meantime , let it not be thought that I , a yoang man , would disparage Mr . Owen . No , justice » nd

      modesty forbid it . I believe ha hath conferred aa everlasting benefit upon the world , in setting prosuneutly forth opinions that to our priest-locked minda appear new , —opinions which he believes are true , and believing , hath a right to teach , and by teac £ ii > g hath set mankind thinking thereon ; and if they aro true , not all tin fiendishnesa of this worldly hell can c nsh them ; and the greater the rancour against thesi and him , the greater the honour when they shall b > received . I need not remind Mr . Owen of the muru > . > r of Socrates , and the worship of Socrates . In conclusion , brethren , let us not be among the persecutors of any man , for we have known what it is to be persecuted ; and be ever mindful to thank any one who teacheth us any truth , or doeth us any cood , however we may differ with him ; let us never forget to thank him for the good he docth us , remembering that all mankind are brothers , and that it is a crime to injure our fellow man .

      Hoping , brothers , that I shall be enabled in the conwe of these letters to inspire yon with & firm faith in yourselves as the only power of emancipation from the present and Increasing , misery , a strum * hope in the means now set before you , a thorough determination to take advantage of all available means to gain tho objects we have in view—universal happinttt , I remain yours , in faith . Gracchus .

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      MR , LANE FOX AND MR . O'CONNELL . LANE FOX , ESQ , M . P ., TO D . O ' COKSELL , EPQ ., M . P . Sik , —In consequence of your declining to come and tnka part in the discussion which 1 proposed to bring forward in tbe House of Commons , relative to the agitation you are now carrying on , for the purpose , a 3 you say , of effecting a repeal of the legislative union between England and Ireland , I taio the liberty of writing to inform you , that , as you an ^ your followers so completely set at nought the Cathoau Emancipation Ac \ by virtue of which you are en 1 tied to sit in the British Parliament , and so lightly esteem the privileges granted to you by that act , thai ! feel justified In making a motion that the act be rfp . Med ; and as I am going to question the wisdom of : ha * ; measure ,

      I shall be glad if you will favour me with .: line to say if you will come and do yonr part in defending a measure which you were so instrumental in cutuiing to be carried . I am determined that the peepU > of England and Ireland shall no longer labour vvc- r the delusion that the passing of that measure was , as they supposed , the settlement of a great nneation , but they shall know that iS was exictly the reverse—that it was the unsettling of a great queatiou , vbich bad been in progress of settlement from the tiist nentuiy of the Christian era till the revolution « f K 88 You are now justifying your agitation by eayin ? that England has done nothing for Ireland . If tbe three estates of the realm , forfeiting all claim to frcbuom by refusing to contend for that truth , by contending for which they

      ¦ vrerfl alone entitled to the liberty they t joyed—if yon say that matin a such tremendous si : cr : dees to you and Ireland's clamour is doing nothing for Ireland , you must be a cormorant with a vengeance ; it is truth that is ultimately to make men and nations free . Truth is ia England , not in Rome . You are by yiur restlesa proceedings bringing on a religious var between England and Kiine , and you appear to uc perfectly sensible how much money and funds are the sinews of war ; but you have hUhfeito had tbe ingenuity to accumulate a great deal of sinew without committing any actual war . Your peaceable agitation is a sor ; of hermaphrodite war ; a half and half state of ttings , which is half peace and half war ; but if you v , ill come and hear what I have to say , I think that I can show you why

      you ought to do one thing er the other -, yeu cannot bide from me that religion is 1 L 0 wain spring of all that you are deing . My chief object ia writing to you iB to say , that I must make pert > nol allusions t » you and the head of your church ; and although you might say that I was perfectly at libss iy to say what I pleased about you in yout absence , I ha ; ' -iither not do so . But surely tbe [ regenerator of bold ; ud chivalrous Ireland will not shriek from coming to A-. Ieod his absent friend . Come , therefore , and bepresmi in that House where your former valeur entitles you to a seat Ad it is my opinion , from the signs of the times in which we live , that we are on the ere of a new era ia

      the history of England and Ireland , I shall take the liberty of making this letter public , that the Protestants of both countries may be prepared to stand by the assured truth , that Protest ? us . igcendancy and no surrend « r is the law of Christ , auu tiiat England is the power which God has called into existence to maintain religious principle ; and she will now do her duty . " Then will the earth be fmi f the knowledge of tbe Lord as the waters cover tho sea , " and a Papist will be a rara avis in terris . I have the honour to be , Sir , Your obedient servant , S . L . FOX . 3 , St . Jamea ' d-square , May 10 .

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      The following is t' -e reply of Mr . O'Connell to the above . —The Dublin Pilot vf Saturday publishes the folowing " card , " beirx tb- only reply vouchsafed by Mr . O'Connell to the letter addressed through the Times newspaper to the Hon . and Learned Gentleman by Mr . Lan « Fox : — Air . OConneUhae read in theTtnws a letter addressed to him by Mr . L me Fox , a copy of which that unhappy gentleman i . ns taken the trouble of sending to

      Mr . O' 0 on : ie ! l in ma-u cript , after he had printed the original in the newspapers . Of coarse it Will not be expected that Mr , O Connell should say one word in reply to that strung aud maniacal epistle , but he feels that , as a geutitaian and a Christian , he i » bound earnestly to implore the friends of Mr . Lane Fox to obtain for him ; im protection which the Court in matters of lunacy ia enabled to give tbe persona who , like Mr . Lane Fox . or ? manifestly incompetent to the management of v ff-its , either public or private . — -Merrionsqnate , May 12 "

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      A Welsh Witness . —The attorney for an opposing creditor in a bankruptcy case , on Thursday , before Mi . Commissioner . Stevenson , thinking that a youth vvTnm he was about to examine had rehearsed 4 iit part with the bankrupt prior to entering the court , * 3 ut the question usually propounded when suspicion vf that sort arise : — " Well , my man , have you not ? : t . i the bankrupt since the last meeting ?" " Yea , I iiav ^ , " was the ready answer . " Well , Sir , ( aud be cautious how you answer the question ) , on . your oath what did he say to you 1 " " On my oath he-: aid that I should find the commissioner , a , m ^ g gentlemanly » &u , "—Bristol Mirror .

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      ^^ = ___ THE NORTHERN ST A R . 7

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), May 20, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct934/page/7/