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Northern Star (1837-1852), 13th May 1843, Edition 5 of 5, Page 7, Untitled Article

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    • MARKET INTELLIGENCE.
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      zs ^^^ " THE QtTEEtf v . GEORGE WHITE . ( Continued fivm our sixth page . ) . Bef orm Act would as won nave expected to be ^ niwrted u to bare been made magistrates . After H ^ nunituI he bad offered bail , which the magistrates Ld i * fnsed totake , and be had suffered eleTen weeks ' 2 mn » oninent before , throngh the medium of tbia court , BfJ ^ ijluid been accepted . Tbat , te urged , was a ? Lj / of tue intention of these men . It was imputed to ^ tfcH ne k » d to ^ ^ P 60 ? : e * ° nse force , but he r ^ ^ d icem nothing of the sort- It appeared that , r * Lrgr « na * : 2 the charge , anything woald do to catch nor ? - * ' * ^^ P * 086011 ^ 00 would not alter hia l ^ p les . ' Sedition!—a parcel of downright nonsense P pflTsedition had been proTed against him . Such lau-—jje b » d been prored fey a foolish woman of very f ^ aon *^ character . He had complied with the of tbe

      z ^ gxe magistrates , ana baa preTented any pro-Z&&J taiin ! place . The only real charge against him Sjs that te held certain political opinions . He « -, e ] u e "> i trespass upon tbe time of the Couri by making jon . spr ? ch about nothing . He trusted the prejudice * . gij ^ , ' wou'd not be brcmght forward to punish a Ijp who had not Veen guilty of any crime . He would , « t t * bellied out of his principles ; and if any one mp-^ oeed he would do bo , he would find that he had got hold of the wrong man . As far as his trial was con-« ced , be should not bs doing justice to bis own feeling trrre he Dot to speak in tbe highest terms of vi Baron Alderson , who had acted in the most uprirtit roiineT , and had assured him tbat he did not him at the timebecause there

      eiss sen rente upon , -was eoTBxffiriPDt iccommodation for him in Warwick Gaol s £ r * t class misdemeanant He hoped their Lord-Aij * would look upon him , not as a man who wished b , iijore any person , but who wanted to see justice aoae to all men- He bettered if tbe Government ^ jed according to the wist of the great mass of tbe eople , t * 11 time 8 vhe amount of wealth would be pro-4 tted in the land . They would give the working gjjae * the means of carrying oat their resources , and fee country would be a perfect paradise . If to have a filing heart for feu feliow-creatarea were a crime , tben let them punish him . Whatever might be hia fete , be should continue to bold Chartist principles . Be should now leaTe himself in the hands of tbe

      jit Serj » Bt Adjlms , Mr . Hill , and Mr . Wadding-W appeared to address the Court in aggravation oi -jBJaamra :. Their Lordships were aware that at the £ pe in question the country was in a state of tbe M&t excitement , and tbe defendant had taken ad-^ bbjc of tbat excitement to arouse tbe minds of tbe people , and stir them up to mischief and acts of violeoet ; and it was deemed to be absolutely necessary to pttecaW the defendant , as be was a very active psxa , usi ^ g rery strong language . He had also jgaed placards , oae of which was to this effect : — ' Chartists , the men of the North have struck work ! Ibe people are being murdered ! Attend at Daddeston-B » to-night ! Corns in your thousands !" Tbe defendant bad also written the following letter to Cooper : —

      •> JhAi Cooper , —We are in a tremendous state of exeiement bere—military , pensioners , police , special « Hirt » bles , eannoB , and God knows what , is being catered into requisition . S targe and O'Neill sold us cs Monday , aad broke up a meeting which they called to ode ? to defeat ours o ! the following day . Cooper , there never was greater rascals than they hare proved themselves . ( See tbe Star oT Saturday . ) We held our im «« H »> y « in defiance of pToriiwnarions , expostulations , and threats from tbe magistrates . They coTered DaddeEos-row with police , but we ordered the people to follow u , and held a meeting of 40 , 006 , when w » osied the Charter amidst thundering cheers " i forgot to tell you tbat my bouse has been

      surrounded with police these two nights , and that a wartut is issued for my apprehension . I have nevertheless jnsrehed with the sovereign people , aad addressed them is d&fiance of their warrant . We shall meet again toaight , and no mistake . There was some ugly work last night ; my boety-guard chucked a raw lobeter into -the cansL I would rather than £ 10 we bad you bare to Bug ' * Spread the Charter . " I expect to be landed in Warwick Goal before Saturday ; bat deer Cooper , ¦ em mmd what be&ls Hie . I have mads up my mind to stand by our glorious motto , ¦ The People " * Charter , tsd so surrender . " Your democratic brother , " G . WH 1 TB .

      " PTe are getting on gloriously here . O'Neill and Stage have damned themselves . " At one of tbe meetings be bad told the mob tbat tbe . system of GoTernment must be done away with . If they took his advice , thai ? wire * should wear silk gowns before the summer was over . It was considered right fc prosecute the defendant , and he had been ftmad pQty , and was sow brought up to receive the judgmeU of the Court Mr . Justice Pattesox then proceeded to piss sentence upon tbe defendant He had been tried at Warrick , and convicted upon three counts of the indictaeot Upon tbe evidence the jury were satisfied that ao riot had been committed at any one ot the

      meetingsact vu there anything in the chE' ** rfrr of those meetap vhich sufficiently led them to the conclusion that tbe ; were unlawful assemblies ; therefore he ( the detodmv , had been acquitted upon those parts of the indictment But it was to be recollected tbat although tbe orjeet for which it was assembled might not have been unlawful , and therefore a man who bad taken part in soch a meeting might be acquitted of unlawful awfTuhlrrig ; yet tbe way in which individuals conducted tbeatei-res at those meeting might still be the subject of a prosecution , via , for tbe language used on that occasion . He ( the defendant ) bad stated to the vCcBrt te could not conceive why be had been w » rht up before th ^ t Court , Now when it was

      Iropoeed to pus sentence upon him at tbe assizes , ie himself had object * i to its being done , and had desired to eone before tbe Court of Queen's Bench . He said be had been found guilty of being a Chartist . Now that vu not the case ; the charge was , that be bai * 8 « ed seditious language at the meetings—language lalmiitsd to excite the people to acts of violence , and to nsst by force the constituted authorities of the wnrtry- He aaid he had held Chartist meetings for a J « r previous , and had never been Indicted or brought before the magistrates for attending any of those meettop . Trat wai because they were conducted in a quiet » f = n ? T , and the language which was nsed , although it "" Sat have been of somewhat inflammatory characier , yet waa n ^ t ao exciting as to call for the interference

      < sfl » authorities . The charge in the indictment was , to he intended to excite and persuade large nnmbers « the working classes and labourers to conspire together ~ « tae and abstain from working and labouring in ** respective trades , for the purpose of obtaining a *» feiii the law and conatitution of the countoy—tbat 7 ** 8 * intention with which it was charged tbat he » M B » ed tbe langnage set out in the indictment , and *» 9 « waonibiy if that intention were proved , it was of ? ay awioas character . Nothing could be more likely IfcW bl £ > 0 4 sbed SD ^ murder and all sorts of mis-« cw than exciting people who were out of employttSK in dlffsrait parts of tbe country , and who would *«* ofhia speeches just as much u if they were in the « = * diite neighbourhood . There was no doubt that

      ?~ i P ^ ople under thess circumstances , ready as they wee to commit any depredation , was an i fence of a ? a ? serious description . He ( the defendant > seemed to » a * n a light matter to hold language of this sort to « i *« Bombers of persons . It was by no means so ; it T ** * matter of seriona consequence ; tt wm by begin-™«» of that sort tbat people were led on to insurrection *^ »« a of violence ; and although no violence took P *» _ oa that occasion , that was owing to the vigiJanee £ # 4 , j __ ~ ¦ — « - * -f •*^* mw ¦•• aw vii + ig ) wv mw nyjuuww W »!

      H magistrates . He ( Mr . Justice Patteson ) would » ao bim . Abe defendant ) , and all who heard him , to " »»; that in doing what they had done they had been £ *« pern of bringing on tbe community very serious J"i ina&ed , «» d upon themaelves very aerate punishrj ~< - « e ( the defendant ) bad stated that the magis-£ * f were in faolt So far from that , a proclamation r "«*» isreed by Her Majesty on accsunt of the dis-^« Kate of the country ; and tbe magistrates , finding •«? » ev 6 ral meetinta bad ham held , and that the town ¦

      w aaghbenrhood were becoming in a very excited Qangeroua state , very properly put forward wobm ^ to * Pctkh ** not to meet ; they ^ have been wanting in their duty if they bad not _» ° ; and the defendant , if be were a sincere ^ a » t waning to promulgate tbe opinians he enter-^~ " ° 7 argument and discussion , should , when w ttutKai was put forward , have seen that tbat waa 1 im ^ r tat promulgating those principles , and ~ T ™« from doing it while tbe ceuntry was in that 3 j ~" T * « iastetd of that he took advantage of it igtf T ^*** » " clear and diaUnct , n « person could 2 ^ , " » m very seditious character . He ( the r * " ^* " ) said tbe langaage had nothing to do wjth T ^ -ont , but the very language itaelf showed r ??**! Hie contrary , for the Uiurnaee was this : — niust be

      _^« united and stand fast together ; the « Tte ^ T north are ° ^ snd »» determbied not to J j Jl * ^ S *™ ™ til they get their righU , and why was th & ° Pte of Birmingham do the same ?'' Here F « ttfc language charged against him and proved to ithLi Bttered > and no man reading it could say U «!! Lri- * efenmce to the " turn-out ; " nothing could -aore distinct and dear . " We will nave ¦ meeting ^ jj ^^*? week , and we will let tbe peopla of Bir-J ^™* * e tfiat they have rJll something in Binning . tfe J ,. ;? f «« btened at ; we will walk in procession r ~ ry ° - » town , and e » U «!«« »™ *** » n f « nnthln *

      taw ttie Charter ; if you wiU stick to me , I am deterfcS ? S ** ' aie Charter . The eoUien havg » i ^ r ^ wby not you go with them ? Tbey have deter-~^» hvre their rights , and are ready to join the fc £ L . ^? « haia - '' The second count is still aadSL * ~~ Tisfire " a Qneen'a proclamation put np , An en ^ L * * * Prodamatiofl at the time of the 3 ull-^ wDcer n . bat that had n » avail , and we will let ^ 'now that this proclamation « h * ll be to the same fcwinaV "" " ^ coUien ! " * * & Qut fot ^ t ^ ?« t , ^ eome to tbe determination they will ttsL- ^ , tL *? ha"re gained the Charter . I hop * «« people will ir . ;* « v . » - , _ ..... .., ior wui l 0

      _ w cwbtu . ' !^ * " »» u , m a roraigni you * b * atr ^ " ° ' y ° a lri 11 *» walking throngb doio ^ v 1 *??™* ' "id then yon will be pre&red to bit vhJ ! 0 ^ 11 * C 0 Bld be more ridicnloaa than this ; ^ ta , snrt / ,- 6 U < iteaed *» people in a miserable conai-^ VT ^ r ^^ ' * " calculated to make them wa ; py njjag foroe ^ y jj ^ j ga ^ gujg ^ jujg

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      Oat would plaoe them in a better attaatioo . "When he bad « poken of bringing them in their jacket pockets no one could doubt that he had meant some wwpoas . It was dear that the inference waa that force was to be ° ^ ! l . to ?? 7 tan * "toPted by tbe constituted authorities . Under aU the circumstances of the ease , Use sentence of the Court would be tbat be sbcmld be imprisoned in the Queen ' s Prison for eight months . It waa understood that the defendant was ordered to the Queen ' s Prison , because the gaol at Warwick was bo full that first class misdemeanant * could not be accommodated . The defendant was then removed in tbe custody of Mr . Hester , the tipstaff of the court

      HARMONY HALL . LET 1 EB IX . TO TBE EDITOS OP THE JiORTHERN STAB . Sla ~ ln my former letters , I have pointed out that the exigencies of the times now require vigorous and decided exertion on the part of the people for a universal object ; namely to secure the happiness of trejf individual , by affording to all a sound practical edsca tion and permane :. t beneficial employment . 1 have shewn that by means of this exertion , wellcombined and wisely directed , the people have now the power of speedily following the advice given them sometime Bince by Sir Robert Peel ;—that they should take their affairs into their own hands ; and that if they do ao , in a proper manner , tbat each individn al will best promote his own happiness , by siding to secure at the same time , tbe happiness of all classes , ranks , sects , and parties .

      I have given the outline ot an association , whereby a universal aociety may be formed on principles capable of giving satisfaction to all ; and I have explained some of the preliminary steps which such a society should take . I have now to continue this division ot my subject , by making some remarks on tbe election of a President to th « Society , and of tbe kind of manifesto or Charter that should be put forth . With regard to the first proposition , namely , -who should be the President of the Association ; if your readers will refer to my letter , No . 2 , in this series , they will find the following remarks : — " I know no

      person whose knowledge , either of the great wants of the people , or of the readiest mode of obtaining those wants , are equal to Mr . Owen ' s , and I wished the Chartist body to have before them a general review of kis career , that if at any future period , the question of a national organization f » r the purpose of effecting a change may be necessary , we may know where to look for one whom " whatever differences may exist with regard to practical measures , all will acknowledge to be best acquainted with the principles on which tbe change should be conducted , and a calm investigation , will I think , place him as tfie centre from which the unity should radiate , "

      From these remarks it will be readily seen tbat I consider Mr . Owen the most fitting person for tbe office of President of the society , and that as such , I should be prepared to invest him with every authority necessary for the exercise ot tbat office . As Mr . Owen has however been long before tbe public as a practical reformer , and baa bten engaged In several experiments that have been deemed by the world to be failures , the question may bere be fairly put to me , whether my confidence in Mi . Owes is unbounded ; the more especially as it is well known that we have been much engaged together in conducting tbe affairs of tbe social body .

      To this I would reply that experience has taught me that ne man is yet truly rational on every subject ; nor should that unlimited confidence be placed in any one , that should prostrate the intellect of others to his opinions alone ; more especially in matters of practical detail , for unless the convictions proceed along with action , no truly efficient service can be rendered ; but I know no individual whose general experience in practical detail equals Mr . Owen ' s ; and , as it regards principles , I believe all who read this , and know Mr . Owen , will cordially agree that be stands a ' . one in the general knowledge be possesses of the sciences of human nature and of society . There are , however , two points in Mr . Owen ' s individual organisation , to

      which I would draw the especial attention of those who would be called upon to place him in such an office as the one to which 1 refer , and respecting which I would obtain the best guarantee * in my power to procure ; for my experience baa led me to believe that precautions are necessary , and I should reflect little credit on Mr . Owen , as the teacher of such principles as be lays down , which I consider it my highest privilege to be a disciple of ; nor should I am aura give him any persona ! gratification , if I hesitated whenever and wherever it may be required , to declare my convictions for tbe purpose of advancing those principles in the most rapid manner—the two points to which I refer are finance , and the selection of individual character .

      I approach tbe subject of reviewing Mr . Owen's career in any language beside what the world would call that of praise , with great timidity ; although those who are truly acquainted with the principles on which the science of human nature is baaed , will well know , the idea of praise or blame cannot arise with me whilst I write ; knowing , as I do , that every action of every human being is necessitated , and knowing also that it ia more likely I should judge erroneeuBly than that Mr . Owen should act so ; but the cause I advocate is that of general humanity , and the emergency of the crisis prevents me confining myself to any personal consideration whatever , and I am compelled , in the public duty I have undertaken , to declare what 1 believe to be the truth , and the whole truth , when it becomes necessary for such high purposes as redeeming and preserving my feUowmen .

      Mx . Owen ' s arrangements for reconstructing society do not include a pound , shilling , and pence finance , nor should be ever be mixed up with one , for be does not like it ; and , u it regards individual chs-racter , he so readily believes every one actuated by tbe aame feelings as himself , tbat he appears to have little idea that he is ever addressed for a personal or sinister purpose . These matters may , however , be easily arranged : and , as the affaire of the society become of sufficient magnitude to engage Mr . Owen ' s attention , his mind alone will be enabled to grapple with tJiBTTl A stronger proef of Mr , Owen's knowledge of the wants of the people cannot be given than is shown by a document which be has lately put forth , as the Preliminary Charter oF the Rational System , and which it would be extremely difficult to amend , as the manifesto of the new society . Tbe following are the points of this Charter : — *

      1—National productive employment for all who desire it . 2—National unexdusive superior practical education for all who require it S—A graduated property tax , commencing with properties yielding an income of not less than two hundred pounds a year . 4—The abolition of all * -ri * % iT > g taxes and monopolies . 5—Free trade in all things with all the world .

      6—Free tgress and ingress to all natives andforelgners except to foes in hostility . 7- ^ Unrestrieted liberty of speech , writing , and publication . S—Tee abandonment of the three fundamental errors , hitherto taught to the human race from birth : -1—That man forma bis own character -, 2—That be can believe or disbelieve at pleasure ; 3—That he has tbe power . to like or dislike at pleasure . 9—Tbe adoption of the three opposed fundamental truths :

      1—That mi ^ n does form own character ; 2—That be cannot believe or disbelieve at pleasure ; 3—That be cannot like or dislike , love © r hate in obedience to his wishes . 10—The abandonment of tbe practice of creating any * thing inferior , when it may be made superior . 11—The abandonment ef foreign and all artificial-made money , and to the adoption of national-made meney to represent the exact value of exchangeable wealth , 12—The exchangeable value of all wealth to be decided by properly qualified officers , appointed by tbe nation , who will have no private interest to bias their judgment

      This document contains matters of the most vital importance , all easily attainable at tbe present moment , because when carefully considered each separate proposition will be beneficial to every individual in tbe nation and may be easily shewn to be so . The only burthen imposed by it is that contained in tbe third point , namely , a graduated property tax ; but as this is to commence only with those who have an income exceed ing twe hundred pounds a year , and will be accompanied by tbe remission of all existing taxes , even these persons will soon perceive that their individual interest and security will be preserved fey this tax being jaud , aad they will , when the pressure comes , readily yiAd a portion to preserve the remainder . It will also be apparent that Jpstice demands that taxation should be placed on what ia called accumulated property , as it is this alone tbat requires protection .

      This Charter is , however , far too important to be discussed in this letter , bat will require many to point oat anytiiugat all approaching to the results to be obtained ; but Mr . Owen states it must itill be kept distinct from the objects for which it if destined to prepare tbe way , which are to terminate , — 1 st Poverty , or tbs most distant fear of it , for ever . 2 nd . All division of mind between individuals and nstif ? nt-3 rd . All wars , civil , religious , and national 4 th . The creation of all the inferior passions , with all uncbaritableness . 5 tit . The unnecessary sufferings of tbe millions proceeding from causes , all of which may now be removed , aDd their recurrence prevented .

      The man that could take the conception of these ideas and promulgate them on his own responsibility to tbe world as the means of exciting the thongat and awakening the reflection of other minds , must himself possess a mind capable of leading forward such a movement as the one I refer to ; or at least of acting as the central peint from which it should radiate . There must be associated with the President , whoever be may be , as his council , the largest , calmest , most enlightened , and mo ?; advanced minds that can

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      be procured , and these persons most be actuated by tbe desire of promoting the great objects contemplated , for , unless this be tbe case , it will be quite useless to attempt tbe formation of the society . The Secretary also must be well adapted for bis office , for on tbe manner in which he performs the duties assigned him will very materially depend the rapidity with which proeress is made ; for although nothing can long retard tbe progress of public opinion , yet the details of an efficient organization , by which alone it can be rendered effective , can only be secured by its being under tbe arrangement and controul of a single mind capable of comprehending tbe subject in all its bearings .

      Much will also depend upon tbe Missionaries being practical men , well acquainted with business , and capable of explaining the views and objects of tbe society to the public ; and these must be chosen without any distinction as to class , sect , or party viswa , for the association must be one that will absorb all classes , sects , and parties , and lead all forward towards the object in view—that of releasing all from the great amount of vice , crime , and misery which now so abundantly prevails . ifjtb « time has arrived when the great bulk of the

      people 4 | $ prepared to think seriously on their condition , ana ia provide an effectual remedy for the evils under wbSeV . they labour , there is no doubt but they may resdjBy ttgpmplish the task , and a ( short time will determine whst&s * this is ihe case or not . One thing , however , is certain , that the pressure now placed upon us is every day getting more severe ; that there is no other mode of escape than tbe one proposed , namely , that of identifyWill interests in one , and tbat if proper means be adopted to combine them , all the elements required for succea # « xist most abundantly around ua on all sides .

      In my next letter I propose to enter into some of tbe substantive advantages tbat would be derived from the adoption of Mr . Owen's Preliminary Charter , as the basis of a strongly united movement , and I shall endeavour to abow tbe ease with which it may be obtained , securing , as it will , advantages far alL I am , Sir , Yoar obedient servant , William Qalpin . Harmony Hall , ne ^ r Stockbiidge , Hants , May 8 , 1843 .

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      CONSISTENCY . TO THB EDITOB OF THE NORTHERN STAR . 8 m—I have ventured to address you on a matter that seems to a » Te escaped your " violent" observation . Mr . OConnell , the traducer of Chartists , whatever their creed or name , is now a convert to that policy which be form : rly repudiated . The first time in his long and unholy career of agitation , he declares himself to be a man guided by honest principle ! in the advocacy of his opinions . He is now pledged to rest satisfied with nothing lets than tbe ir / iole ! This is Chartism ! An expression of opinion like to that for which he denounced the Radicals of England and of Scotland ! At a repeal meeting in Kell he Is reported to have addressed bis countrymen as follows : —

      " I have come all the way from Dublin for the purpose of giving you a piece of news . The repeal is coming ; the repeal is coming —/ mil not consent to take any thing less than a repeal ! 1 never will take any thing from England except repeal" 11 Sir , such a declaration , at sach a time , from such an agitator , carries on its front a moral , the which , I trust , you will not overlook in your comment , aeeing the readers of Radical journals require such a stimulant as this example affords . Yours , Jcc , " Argus . '' College of Tribunes , May 3 , 1843 .

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      THE NATIONAL BENEFIT SOCIETY , OF ALL THINGS MOST NECESSARY IN AID OF

      OUR STRUGGLE FOR THE CHARTER . TO THE CHARTIST PUBLIC . Brave , tholgh bhaxdbd Brethrfn . —The poverty and wrethed . ess of our order—the suffering , mentally and physicaliy , of so many goo ^ and true members of our Association , have so impressed my mind with the necessity of tbe above named society being established as part of our union to obtain tbe Charter , tbat I cannot remain silent thereon whilst I have an opportunity ef addressing yon , until all are as fully convinced as myself of its necessity and practicability . It is with much pleasure 1 take tbe liberty of informing you that our xealous and laborious Editor , Mr . Hill , fully agrees in tbat necessity , and if I understand him right , intends to put forth a plan for your approval , containing aU that he deems advisable of my views , wherewith I have furnished him .

      I am happy to perceive by the Star of April 29 , that Mr . Galpin has published bis adhesion to my proposition , and I doubt not when tbe plan itself is sent forth most true reformers will give it their willing assent and assistance , and tbat tbe majority of tbe working class will adopt It , and instruct their delegates to the next Convention , to embody with the new plan of Organisation , a National Benefit Society , the most efficient to their judgments , from the various plans tbat may there and then be presented . Brothers , —There ia no doubt but your attention will

      be much absorbed in the question of purchasing land and locating thereon , but 1 must continue to direct your attention to the road thereto , the gip whereof I spoke in a former letter . Bear in mind that that gap ia edged with thorns and briars , tbat tbe road to the land is paved with trials and troubles . Remember , if we are democrats , it is for the whole people , and for the very poor especially , that we must form our society , tbat all may avail themselves of the benefits and all aid according to their means , in effecting their own emancipation from poverty , premature death , and the cause th * eof , class-made-laws .

      And here I will give you an idea of bow I propose to meet the various circumstances of my poorer-fellows , and still give satisfaction to all , viz ., by a graduated scale of subscriptions , from one penny per week up to sixpence or higher , entitling the member in case of need to a weekly income , corresponding with his subscription , or employment at a fair remuneration for the society , which in time could be given , as nnder the head of appropriation of the funds it is set forth that tbe funds shall be applied in the purchase of lands , building houses , workshops , Ac , and in such other operations as shall be determined on for tbe benefit of the aociety ; under this clause , may

      come tbe whole plan of our proposed land and business operations upon which I purpose giving my opinion at a future time , being desirous of not overburdening your minds , tbat you may the better digest this tbe one great plan , which I submit to you will compass all tbe objects tbat have been presented as necessary to our future movement Let us then bring our whole souls to the work , with a thorough determination to do all that in our power lays to rid our father-land from tbe slough of misery in which class legislation has swamped it , and raise it by our zeal , energy , and industry to tbat proud pinnacle of freedom and happiness to which it has never yet attained , and to which it nev « r can attain without such a union of the sons of toil . Yours , in hope , Gracchus .

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      TO THE CHARTISTS OF GREA . T BRITAIN . Brother Chartists , —We the members of the General Council of the National Charter Association resident in the Metropolis , taking into consideration the propriety of immediate stepB being taken for reorganizing tbe Chartist body , do hereby urge upon you the necessity of sending delegates to a conference to be held on Tuesday , May 23 rd , at the Political and Scientific Institution , 1 , Turn-again-lane , London . We have adopted this plan foi tbe following reasons : — First—Because it is necessary that a conference should be held to ensure unanimity of feeling , and also tbat some known body should call it into existence .

      Second—Because many good men who probably « njoy the confidence of their previous constituents will remain in London , aud others will arrive at the time appointed , in order to receive their sentence from the Court of Queen ' s Bench . Taking advantage of this circumstance will save much expense ; and if these men are deprived of their liberty there will be consolation in feeling tbat their last act has been devoted to the strengthening and establishing the Chartist movement Pressing upon you tbe necessity of immediate steps being taken , and desiring your opinion through the medium of the ensuing week's Northern Star , We remain , yours , Thomas Mills , Chairman . Wm . Salmon , Secretary . P . S . Districts not in a condition to send delegates can send written instructions , directed to tbe care of Thomas M . Wheeler , 843 | , Temple Bar , London .

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      EMIGRATION . WHERE TO , AND HOW TO PROCEED . notes of a todb through . a portion op canada , and several of the states of north America , particularly the states of Massachusetts , rhode island , new veRK , PENNSTLVAMIA , OHIO , MICHIGAN , ILLINOIS , WISCONSIN , AND NEW JERSBY , CNDERIAKEN WITH A VIEW OP ASCERTAINING THE DESIRABILITY , OR OTHERWISE , OF EMIGRATION ; AND TO JUDGE OF THE BEST LOCATION , FOR ENGLISH EMIGRANTS , FROM ACTUAL OBSERVATION . BY LAWRENCE PITKETHLY , of Huddersfleld . ( Continued from our last week ' s paper . ) JOURNAL . —DESCRIPTION OF DUNKIRK , 8 ANDUSKY , DETROIT , &c .

      Sunday , 2 l 8 t—I got up early this morning , and by appointment drove out with Mr . Spencer and his brother to the Indian settlement , some six or seven miles from Buffalo . We also drove round the city , and in our course Mr . Spencer showed me some houses which had rested upon stone ( foundations , but which had been washed from their position by the westerly winds upon the lake causing the river to overflow its batiks ; some of them were standing with broken backs in the adjoining meadows and uncultivated fields . Ivwas also shown the great extent of ground which had been marked out for streets . One spot Mr . Spencer showed me which he bad purchased fcr the purpose of building a house upon , for which he had paid 1 , 300 or 1 , 400 dollars , and which he would now gladly sell for 300 dollars . Such is the effect of speculation and paper money .

      We Baw numbers of persons on their way to a camp meeting " , which was to be holden some twelve miles distant from the city . We afterwards crossed some fleldB in which cattle were grazing ; they were the roughest of any over which I ever remember a vehicle being driven . On a height eastward of the town , and near tbe barracks , which we visited , the view was moat charming . The morning being clear and fine , added greatly to the splendour of the scene . Strange as it may appear , the city extends over a large plain , covering a large space , which ia frequently overflowed with water , and where the houses which ara built of wood , are not ( infrequently seen to float , while a large extent of beautiful riaina slopes upon the banks of the river are lefc wholly unoccupied . At Rochester , during the speculation mania land was sold at a hundrtd dollars which would not now

      sell for more than twenty ; tbe same is the case here . At dinner , v ? e had Mr . Kelsey , clerk to the Chesapeake steamer , which trades regularly to Chicago . He had arrived from that place in the morning . He had arrived from that place in the morning . He gave me much useful information . Ia the evening we were joined by Mr . Maclivy , ( Irish ) , wholesale grocer , Mr . Smith , ( Scotch ) , painter ; Mr . Burdett , ( Yankee ) , teacher of music , and several others , who spent the evening with us . Mr . Kelaey had brought some fine fruit and watermelons , which we had tor supper ; they were the first I had eaten ; and were brought by him from Cleveland , in Ohio .

      Mr . Kelsey it formed me that a great number of their summer passengers were from the Southern States who come to the Lakes for pleasure ; tbe heat being so excessive tbat they find It advantageous to health lo come here at this seasom . He was kind enough to say that he would -take my trunk to Chicago , a distance of 1047 miles , as I bad to travel through the State of Michigan , which would render it very inconvenient to take it along with me . This morning went on board the Sanduaky Bteame * for Detroit ; the morning was very fine and all around wore a moat pleasing aspect- The Kent , a British steamer of inferior size and build , left the port before us and proceeded towards the Canadian shore . We were directly off Fort Erie . The governor of the State ef New York was on board the Kent , on a visit to Dr . Betty , the father of the famous Youug Rosoius , who is now located on the tergo of the Lake , in Canada , in the wilderness .

      Keeping to the left , before we got to Dunkirk , a distance of thirty miles , wy lost sight of the Canadian shore . Dunkirk is a small but handsome village , with two lighthouses and a landmark . It verges upon a small bay ; tbe shore fiat and sandy , except where a little rock jutted out . The woods were partially cleared , and the wooden huts were thinly spread , some few in small clusters , occupied by Indians or fishermen , or perhaps both . The landscape gently descending to the water's edge , presented something . like a splendid deer-paik on an extensive scule . Tuesday , 23 rd . —Erie , in Pennsylvania , is a considerable village , but of very little importance . Aa at Dunkirk , the breakwater is in course of repair . Opposite this place ia a considerable island , into which we entered through a narrow passage in the breakwater , which stretched into the said island , and baving to return in a somewhat Bimilar direction , it caused us to be much out of our course . We landed at another

      small place during the night , called Comant , and at ASTABULA . -near Cleveland , about half-past three , where we had to take in coal . I went into the town , part of which is built on the verge of the rivex , patt upon tbe bank , and part upon tbe summit , where it is nearly level , but considerably elevated . Upon the . opposite bank of the river stands Ohio city , which ia only a small place , but with some neat and showy buildings ; between this is the entrance to the Ohio and Erie canal , which forms a water communication through tbe whole state of Ohio , and « . hich causes a considerable trade to be carried on here , and also gives it additional importance . We next landed at Grand River . Here I saw a person who had sold a farm at this place and purchased another some twelve miles from Cuicago , Illinois . He informed me tbat a new law was

      passed which enabled a man to keep in defiance of his creditors , ten seres of land , two horses ( or oxen ) a waggon , two cows , ten sheep , five hogs , farming utensils , a bed for every two of the family , twenty-five dollars in cash , with five month ' s provisions , and sufficient beddiDg and clothing . I next saw Mr . J . Brackaon , from North Adams , icho bad been working a printing machine there at fourteen dollars a week . His engagement was for a year ; but some Eugliabmen came to tbe place and

      offered to do the work for half that sum . His employers therefore wished him to take ten dollars , stat ing tbat they eould not reduce the others unless he was reduced along with them . He told tbem they might do as they thought proper with tbe others , but he should take no leas ; and hi order to come at their point they agreed to give him 100 dollars and his rent to leave . This is one of the greatest curses of Emigration . This good man was previously prepared with 160 acres of land which he bad purchased in Michigan , and was on his way to take possession of and cultivate it

      Wednesday , 24 th . —There are many islands on tbe south of this Lake of large extent , but little cleared ; there are a few farms , but they are not ia good condition . In the coarse of the forenoon we passed Huron , a pretty little place , with a , pier and lighthouse . Much wheat ia bought here , principally by agents , for Canada ; much of it is exported to England as of Canadian growth . We next got to Sandusky City , with tts six inhabited islands . On the deck of the vessel I bere met Judge E . Lane . He had the appearance of an English farmer , in person and dress . He bad just come to reside in this small place , in tbe neighbourhood of which he has much property . He had been a lawyer in Connecticut , and had married the Governor ' s daughter of that place , and afterwards attained his present station . Jddges in this country do not receive for salary half as many dollars as oars do pounds .

      Wheat was seventy-five cents per bushel yesterday ; to-day it is seventy-three cents , and it is expected to be seventy centa to-morrow . This place contains about 2 , 000 inhabitant * . There Is a rather curious entrance by a narrow pass , near which stands a lighthouse to shew tbe way to Cedar Pond . We passed Marblenead lighthouse which stands upon a rock of that material on a large Island . We next passed Cunningham Islands on our right , and approached Padding Bay islands , which appeared covered with wood ; but I learned tbat several good farms were upon them . I bad bere pointed out to me the island on which the Patriots defeated a strong British force much their superior in point ef numbers and military equipments .

      We soon came in sight of the Canadian shore , and entered the river , or rapids of St . Ciair . The shore is flat and sandy . The slopes are beautiful , and , with tbe woods , present a rich appearance . On the Ohio side we piaaed a small port About twelve miles further , on an island , about 604 yards from the British shore , stands a lighthouse , nearly opposite which is Fort Maldon . The island belongs to tbe British , and the Fort is occupied by a nfla corps . The Barracks form three sides of a square , with two breastworks which are oat of repair . The village of Maldon contains about 1 , 500 inhabitants . Lime-burning was carried -on a little higher up . Net far distant , the river divides into two and sometimes three streams ; there are large marshes on each side of tbe river , and the islands in tbe middle are almost valueless .

      AU speak well of the Dutch settlers , in particular , and tbe Germans are much respected . The French are not industrious , aad the British and Irish are dissipated . Such was my information . Where the river flows in one body , it seems to be about three quarters of a mile in width . Dbxroit has a floe appearance from tbe river . It is the capital of the State of Michigan . Tbe main street runs parallel with the river , and the rest of the streets run from the water ' s edge up a gently inclined plane . The main street is spacious , and well built , containing elegant and well-filled stores . The population numbers about 15 , 600 , rind considerable business is carried on . Many Bplen ^ id steam-vessels lay in the liver , and a crowd of craft of all sizes and descriptions . A Buniber of the pap ^ ngera bad agreed to stay at tbe Steam-boat Hotel , t > om which a carriage and pair of beautiful greys & : * aited our landing , also a waggon to convey our luggage . There was tbe same from every respectable H , > tel in the city .

      1 had a Utter of introduction to Col . Delgrano Jones . He lives ut a handsome villa just out of tbe city , to which i immediately hastened , but found he waB not a * . V ^ me . I left my letter , with the name of my hotel , with Mrs . Jones , and returned to the hotel , and found all my frieada bad gone to bed . They had retired

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      without taking brandy , wine , or any other liquors , knowing that tbey most be prepared for tbe several conveyances early in the morning . I followed their example . Thursday , 25 th—Before I had got washed and dressed , I waa honoured before five o ' clock , with a call from Colonel Jones , who expressed bis regvet that he was engaged to go seventy miles up the rapids this morning at seven . He informed me he had much property in Illinois and Winacensin ; and that a shot tower in tbe mining districts belonged to him . and others ,

      where tbey manufactured a ton of shot a day . The Colonel was intimately acquainted with the country to which I was steering my course ; and bad time permitted he would have been most happy to have glvan all the information in his power . We agreed that on my return , I should stay with him a day or two . Daring our conversation Miss Jones and a gentleman were waiting outaide in a carriage ; be joined them and drove off at a rattling pace . I was very soon ready , had break&st , and was driven to the railway station , where I arrived at seven . The trains do not statt as punctually as in England .

      The steam-boat hotels ara most respectable houses . My charge at one for bed and breakfast was 371 cents . 25 for the latter , and 12 . ^ for the former . They drove us in the carriage and conveyed the luggage without charge . I , being- lame , conld not wear shoes ; but travelled in plash slippers , which required no cleaning . I saw no chamber maid ; the waiters were the landlord and several others , who never thought of asking for anything . Inaeed there are no beggars here ; you pay tbe fare , and no one further molests you . At tbe railway station I paid my fare for Chicago iu Illinois ; part by rail and much by stage , and sixty

      miles crossing the Lake Michigan by steam boat This I did on condition that I should s ( j . y when and where I pleased on the way . The fare was ten dollars . Had I been aware , I could have purchased a sort of serip here , and with it paid my fare at one third less than its nominal value . I was too late in making tbe discovery ; and a Yankee who went witk me under a blind to take tbat advantage , was outwitted by the clerk . The scrip is a State scrip , issued fox the completion of the railway , and cannot be refused as payment of passage . Many Yankees , " sharp'' men , are on the alert to make one-third , more or less , of a strange passenger .

      We travelled on this single line railway at the rate of fifteen miles an hour , taking care to stop oft enough for refreshment , with which I was greatly annoyed ; but the generality of the passengers seemed to vie with each otLer in gormandising at every bait . The country from Detroit is very flat ; water generally standing stagnant on the sides of the railway . There are partial clearings and log huts . Much of the oat ; and Indian corn are not worth cutting , being nearly covered with weeds . The rails are bad and uneven ; there are no fences , and the pace had frequently to be slackened in consequence of the cattle feeding upon the line , which if we had run foul of , would have upset us . Pigs were more plentiful in our way than we desired . I observed a field of flax ; the first I had seen since I landed .

      Ypsjlanti is thirty miles from Detroit , containing a population of 2 , 000 . The houses are principally painted white and pleasantly scattered over the green fields . A person named Lnsulier is erecting a woollen factory at this place . There are seven buildings going forward and several public works . I had not time to obtain particulars , but the appearance bespeaks energy , taste and capital . Two stage coaches awaited our arrival but I did not learn their destination , A creek supplies water power to tbe machinery . I observed sheep tracks , and persons engaged in

      rolling the land on the edge of the Creek , along which we travelled for some milts . We bad a perfect straight line of railway , with very little cutting , from Detroit to YpsilaNti ; now it was circuitous with many cutlimjs ; entirely gravel with very thin soil . Much of the wood was cut down , yet much underwoed remained . A few miles from YtsilaNTI a large mill was in coursa of erection which was roofed , but had not the windows in . The land | seemed dryer aud better cultivated as we proceeded ; there were many beautiful farms , and extensive brick-works where oxen weie employed in mixing the sand and clay .

      . Ann Arbor is six miles from Ypsilanti ; population 1 , 000 . The Creek runs through this place , the banks of which are beautiful . There is some low marshy land and a few town-like buildings . Some iron is altio manufactured here . SciO is a small place with flour and saw mills ; population 200 . Some little morass . Dexter has a population of from 3 to 400 . The banks here assimulate to the old country . I observed a small prairie , and saw rooks , the same as we have in Engistud . Leoni is a very small but" neat place , with very fine l'igb rolling land in the neighbourhood ; there are al ^ o some clearings .

      Jackson has a population of 400 . It has a large State prison . Here the railway terminates . I made u Bhort stay , then mounted a stage coach , taking my seat by tbe side of tbe driver . The day was very hot , and when we started tbe road was very steep , with dry sand ; and as we proceeded up a hill we were all but stopped , particularly on tbe summit , by the immense quantity of dust We then descended a precipice at a most alarming speed . The roai was generally of this description in this neigbbouthood , without form , but by no meaus void of stumps of trees . Brushwood very often touched the traces ; while large blocks of stone and bills of earth bound together by roots were frequently met with . The ruts for the wheela were uneven and deep , while thu trail for the horses was a most unseemly affair .

      The full excellencies of this road , however , we did not discover until we come to the Corduroy Bridge * , which often occur , when a creek , a river , or a marsh has to be crossed . They are formed by driving large trunks of tree . 3 into the ground at stated places , on the top of which tbey affix other large trees , transversely ; and on these are rolled other trunks of trees to form the road . No regard is paid to tbe relative sizj of these trees ; bere you have one some eighteen inches in diameter , and the next some nine or twelve , and this too without a hatcb 6 t being put to them to flatten them . This sort of way we sometimes bad for hundreds of yards together . The unevennesa , the jolting , and the slipping of the horses' feet from want of secure footing caused me involuntarily to say that no better means could possibly have been devised to shake soul and body asunder .

      At short stages , the horses and cabmen were changed . Some of the drivers I found , to a certain degree convertible ; but all were very guarded , short , and dry in their expressions . All agreed that the roads were now at the very best ; and tbat tbey would be infinitely worse in tbe autumn , when people being afraid of travelling by the lakes , because of the storms , would crowd the stages . We passed through a very fine country , with some wet prairies . In three hours we travelled from Jamestown toSiuiTHFiELD , being sometimes in tbe bush , then rnujiiagfou ) of trees—for we passed through forests in our track—next a bridge , then an hill , and last a precipice , on descending which with break-neck speed , we sunk in a pool of stagnant water , the vehicle tottering most alarming , and every moment iu danger of being overturned .

      Aluion has a population of 800 . A large Methodist Seminary is building bere , and there is also a flour mill and a few stores . The mill stands on the river Kalamazoo , which we crossed by a large wooden bridge , nut of the corduroy kind , but covered with planks instead of round stumps of trees . The banks of the river are very picturesque . The country is formed of flue sloping banks with rolling prairies and oak openings : The baiidings ia toe village are neat and clean . Six miles from Albion is the small village of Marlaoe . It does not contain more than twenty honees , yet thero are some fine flour mills . We changed horses here , at Manyard'a Inn .

      We next arrived at Marshall—Michigan centre . The population amounts to about one thousand five hundred . It has Borne good stores . The Marshallhouse is a spacious hotel . There , is likewise a bandsome Court-house , a few good looking villas , and many well-built dwelling houses . It is expected that this place will soon be constituted tbe capital of tbe S ; ate , being tbe centre , and , of course , the most convenient and proper . Near the place Is a goed free-stone quarry , and a mill with machinery for cloth-dreesing and wool-carding is about being put in operation . There ara also in this place a linseed-mill , two sawmills , and two flour mills , all worked by water power ;

      and they are digging for the erection of others . The railway from Detroit is t © pass here , and is expected to be completed , ao far , in about a year . The coach stopped at the Marshall-house , and on alighting I immediately made inquiry for a conveyance to Chester . While doing bo I met with two Scotchmen , who went and found a thitd One of them knew me aa a Chartist at Glasgow . His name is Ebenes ^ r Anderson , by trade a mason . He told me be had been (» nly two months in the place ; that his wages were two dollars per day ; that be had got a quarter of an acre plot in the town , and that ia a fortnight he would have a new house upon it He also told me he had been offered fifty acres of land for a verge watch .

      Another of the Scotchmen , was a persoa named Jonas Walkenshaw . He was from Locbgelly , in Fifeshire ; be bad a wife and four children , and worked on tbe railway . He liked the country , bai would advise no one to go . He had got money , and was purchasing scrip of the Irish labourers , who , like himself , received it for wages , and then sold it at half price for whisky . This is the same sort of scrip as the scrip I mentioned when speaking of Detroit . It is to be taken up with the first proceeds of the railway whan finished ;

      and it bean 7 $ per cent interest So tbat hero was a source of makiog money by buying money at halfprice , and realizing 7 £ per cent until it is taken up . It is rather remarkable tbat this man had been ia the employ of Dr . Snayles , at Dalkeith , and be was much surprised on readiDg tbe letter he ( Dr . S . ) had addressed to me . He informed me that he had purchased aa good a cow for thirteen dollars , as be bad given ten guineas for in Scotland . He also stated that he weut from Orote-bridge along with his father to reside in Fi / eshire .

      My third countryman was Charles Cameron , from Banff , also a mason ; be bad been five years bore , and , I waa told , had in that time saved 12 , 000 dollars ; he has got plots of land in payment of wages , and had built upon them , and had then sold both buildings and plots . He now possesses twenty-six acres ; and the ground where the railway is to terminate is his property . When it ia completed , U will render his portion

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      w / very , vs luable . He had made seven dollars per day , on an areri ' ige , shies he came here . The three furnished me with the prices of the following articles : — Cfc'eese , &fe centa , retail six cents , per lb . Batter , eighr cents ., retail nine cents , per lb . La * i , fonr cent * , retail six cents per lb . Thursday , 25 th . —I slept at the Marshall-house , and rose at break of day . I got into my Buggy , as they call it , a litt ' e before six , and started off , inquiring my way , to Bel v ue . € > n my way I overtook one of my late fellow-passengers on lake Erie , who was going from near Rochester to Bbrby , the next county to Eaton . I gave him a lift as for as I was going , and he left me at JJjELVl / B , without even saying " thank you . " Belvue is n , pretty place , with two pot and pearl ash manufactories . It baa also one saw mill , one Sour mill , one turnery , three stores , one temperance , and two public houses . It has I&ewise some extensive brickyards , and ia celebrated f » i > mafcisg bread . ' ATr . Woodbury , who is an extensive- storekeeper , takes ashes is exebanee for every description of

      goods-Here I made inquiry for Mr . Crowthers residence afr Chester , and was told tbat my best way would be to go thither on horseback , tbe roads being ao very bad . I inquired if they .-were worse- than those I had travelled over , and was answered that tbey were a great deal worse : but this I deemed to be-impossible . I ic quired if I could "borrow a saddle , " and was told that I could not borrow one there , bet perhaps I might get one at tbejsiw-nJifll . I asked bow far that was distant , and recefved for answer tbat it waa eight miles , which was further than I expected having to go in all : how . ever , I learned that ' the distance I bad to travel was fourteen miles ; and , what was still worse , that the worst part ef' the road was before I reached the sawmill . I then inquired if they thought I coald' get through ; when , after scanning the hone , the carriage , and myself , the answer , in hesitating tone , was , " ¦ perhaps—you—might 1 *'

      I soon found that I had a difficult task to perform . However I proceeded up a lane , crowded with round stumpaof trees , three feet high . At first ! managed to drive round them tolerably well , and soon came ia sight of a log hut , where a road branched to the right . I enquired my way to Chester . A young woman told me that both the roads led to that place , but that the one to the right was the best Along this I therefore proceeded ; the lane being more crowded with stumps , and evidently less travelled upon , and full of deep ruts . ' I had not got above half a mile on the road before my track led me from the lane into the forest . There was bere the most splendid timber , in great variety . Some of tbe trees could not be less than 10 O feet high , generally very straight and without a twig to the top . I bad seen none so fine since my landing , and I innch admired them as my steady , willing little horse proceeded slowly over tbe broken turf .

      Slow as was my pace , I was convinced that I had formed but an imperfect estimate of tbe difficulties I had to encounter . One pit in rapid succession followed the other , each increasing in size and depth . This caused me to hesitate ; and en looking at the track I reflected on tbe saying of the coachman , tbat the roads were now at the best , and that in autumn they would be ten times worse ! I juust have travelled at least sis dreary miles when tomy great joy I observed an opening between the trees , and soon saw a log cabin , at which I baited and asked if I could obtain refreshment for my hotee . Tbfete was only a woman in the place , who . said she waa too ill to render me any assistance ; but she told me where the well was , and also where I should find a " cradle" ( a

      sort of scythe ) , with whicfa I might cat down a few oats for myself . This I soon accomplished ; and after resting half an hour , again proceeded on my journey to Chester ¦ and , as the country seemed clear , I considered my troubles at an end . A boy and a young girl , who had entered the house wkile I remained , rode half a mile with me , and were foolish enough to let me pass the proper lane . I had not got above a mile before I came to a farm , where I saw and spoke to a person whom I took to be the owner . He answered ray questions rather drily . I had not gone more than 200 yards before I got oat of my track and was compelled to alight and lead my horae . The dry farmer observing me , came and voluteered the information that I was in the wrong track , and after assisting to find my

      whip , which the jolting had thrown ont ot the gig , I retraced my steps . Be also assisted uie to get from amongst some felled trees , and then informed me that there were others which I should find some difficulty in getting across . I was sooj enveloped in the bUBh , and found many pits and large trees in my course , which proved greater impediments than any I had heretofore encountered . However , I compassed them , and after much labour reached tbe saw mill ; where I got better food for my hoTse and some refreshment for myself . Of course , I related my adventure , and after describing my difficulties in tbe clearest manner poasible , the old man coolly and dryly observed . " When people travel here they take their hatchet with them . "

      I waa soon on my way again , and bad not gone above 200 yards before I ence more found myself in the bush , I made another stiuggle , and after a long darkness I bad another peep at tbe sky . I next saw a man engaged ia chopping off tbe boughs of a tree which lay upon the ground . As soon as he lifted up bis eves , be raised himself from his position , and in an extacy of joy called out my name , and came and embraced me . He was from Huddersfield , and had not seen any one from tbat place , nor from England , since bis arrival , except those with whom be resided . He soon took me to Mr . Crowther . My horse was taken care ot , and I was at borne for the nigbt

      1 bad always been given to understand tbat muca hospitality prevailed in the wildernesses of America ; but at the saw mill , above mentioned , I was ch . irgedtbougb it was only a private house—six times the amount of what I and my horse consumed . This was by old Dry-sides , who toli me " I shonW have had my hatchet with me . " At this mill I met a gentleman who had lost bis horse—it having strayed ; and he was kind enough to inform me tbat in my way I must take a side course , through an enclosure , or I should be fast ; and so I should have been had I not attended to his directions . The saw mill is called Vermontise .

      The practice here is to take a thrashing machine into the middle of a wheat field , and there thrash and winnow , and after carrying away the wneat , leave the straw aad chaff ia an irregulat heap . I have frequently seen men thrashing in the open air on a sort of wooden platform , laid down for the purpose . On being introduced to Mr . Crowther , he manifested much astonishment at seeing me there . He took me round his laud , at least , ao far as my lameness would allow me to go ; part of it was cleared , and part covered with close and heavy timber . He told me that since he had laBt come from England he had exchanged farms with bis brother-in-law , and that the one for which he had exchanged being well cleared , he thought he could dispose of it for cash , of which , he stood much in need .

      Crowtber resided in a log but , which bad been left by bis brother . The one in which he had previously resided was occupied as a weaving shop fey . James Bailer , and a person ot the name ot Wood , ttom Sldithwaite , Yorkshire . They also resided in it , and it was truly a crammed-up affair altogether . There was also a cow-house , which was much too open for a winter covering . He has also a pair of oxen , a faw cows , a swarm of pigs , and some poultry . His wheat has this year been destroyed by smut ; his Indian corn , however , is of a middling quality . The land , which was partially cleared of stumps , is of a rather light sandy soil ,- not , in my opinion , calculated to yie ' . d a very heavy crop of anything , except timber . I may be mistaken , but appearances corroborate the opinion I have formed .

      A fine , though small , stream of water runs through , part of the property , wbicb would be rendered valueable in propelling machinery , of which Crowtber is very anxious to possess himself , being desirous to embark in manufacturing , from wbicb , I 'believe , ha might deriva much profit . The place might soon be converted into a veiy comfortable and happy spot . On finding myself amongst those to whom I was ' known , I felt quite at home . Bailey and Wood were weaving veatitiga , and Bottomley waa the person whom I found chopping the tree . Mrs . Crowther soon prepared supper which sonaiated of butchtv ' a meat , butter , cheese , eges , fruit pies , bread , biscuits , potatoes , tea and cold water . After the repast they told me tbey would have a pig killed for me on tbe following day . I said as I must leave in the morning it would be of no use . ( To be continued . )

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      Liverjroo * . Cattle Market , Monday May 8 . — The supply of Beasts at market to-day has been much the game aa last week , but rather a smaller supply of Sheep . Beef 4 £ d to 5 £ d , Mutvoa & £ d to 6 d per lb . Number of Cattle at market : —Beaata 1 , 039 , Sheep 3 , 04 fl . Liverpool . Corn Market , Monday , Mat 8 . — The imports of each article of the Grain trade since this day se'nnight are of small amount . A cargo labout 95 ft qrs ) of Wheat arrived from Danai ^ r . We have still to report only a limited demand tor Wtieat , but holders of that grain have been somewhat , more

      tenacious , and for the middling qualities of fQffiign Id to 2 d per bushel advances baa been obtained ; the business of the week includes a purchase or two for the interior and for Ireland . Fluor has met a moderate sale . at previous rates . There has been l [ ttle inquiry for Oats , but the quantity offering feefcjg at the aame time small , prices have been maintained ; best mealing samples , are worth 2 * 4 d pe * -45 ibs . Oatmeal most be quoted 6 d per load cheaper ; 19 a 6 d per 2401 bs a top prie » , and not maoh sold . Barley is held for rather more money . Ino change as regards Beans or Peas .

      Lonboh Cork Exchange , Monday , May 8 . — The supply of Wheat by land carriage samples was moderate this morning , and tie factors tried to establish an advance , which they could oaly do to the extent of la on the fine dry white and red , ami parcels out of coadition remain as last week . Tncra were a few country buyers of foreign at maiket , whioh . gave a little more spirit , and good sweet Wheat must be quoted Is dearer . We had no inquiries for bonded . Barley is source , and sells , at the same rates . Peas remain without alteration . New Beans were fully as dear , old a very dull sale . jOat were takeu slowly &t last Monday ' s « Uffep ^ r ,

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      W . H . Carter . Esq ., and his agent , — Crampton , Esq ., son to the Rector of Killucan , have been on a visit with Lord Castlemaine , at Hare Island , while inspecting his estates in that neighbourhood , and making such arrangements for his tenants as the distressed state of agricultural produce demanded . Aw Expknsivb Christening . —A statement more singular than gratifying , was elicited in the House of Commons on Monday evening , when a vote for £ 110 , 000 was proposed to defray the charge of " civil contingencies , that no less a sum than £ 2 , 500 was expended in the preparations for the christening of the Prince of Wales , and £ 500 for changing bis Royal Highness's coat of arms I What a blessed babe !

      Tebiot . au . ers in Aubbica . —I was particularly pleased to see the Irishmen , who formed a distinct society among themselves , and mustered very strong , with their greeu Bcarfs . carrying their national harp and their portrait of Father Mathew ^ itigh above the people ' s heads . They looked as joH ^ nd goodhumoured as ever , and working the hardest for their living ; and , doing any kind of sturdy labour that came in their way , were the most independent fellows there , I thought , —Dickens on America .

      Market Intelligence.

      MARKET INTELLIGENCE .

      Untitled Article

      TH ^ E NORTHERN STAR . 7

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), May 13, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct933/page/7/