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Northern Star (1837-1852), 29th April 1843, Edition 5 of 5, Page 7, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      EMIGRATION . WHERE TO , AND HOW TO PROCEED . SOIES 0 ? - » IOTTB THROUGH A POBHOK OP CXKXDX , XSD SETKBAl 01 ? IHE 5 TATJKS OP SOBTB . AJL EB 1 CA , P-XB . TICBXAIO . T IBS , 5 TATJSS OF XAS 3 ACHTJSBTTS , BHODE ISLAND , BSTV "SOBX , PE 5 S STXTA 5 UI , OHIO , XlCBIGAJf , IXXIAOIS , TTISC 05 SiS > AJO > SETV JERSEY , TNDEB 1 AKBN TF 1 IB A TIBW OP ASCBEXAlSING XHE D ® . SIEABDCIIT * OB OIHEBTFJSK . OF EKTGBATIOS ; i 5 D TO JUDGE OP IBB BEST XOCATIOX , FOB ENGLISH \ EJUGEXSTS , PBOH ACTPAL OBSEKTAII 05-jy 1 A 17 BENCE PITXETHIY , of Hnddersfield . ( Con&nuedjrotn our last week's paper . J JOURNAL—DESCRIPTION QF BOSTON .

      5 ie filth of tie city is earned from erery part in ^ Bja non sewers ; the streets are-well swept , and kept in «» a repair * there feeing a city tax for these purposes 32 ts cfies of die streets are senerally pared with a small ^ jjjjjty ] dnd of brick instead of flags ; they are edged « ith oil granite , and look exceeding well . There are 59 gnngfcffls to be seen , hot ia pig-feedh > g allowed ^ ijini tie confines of the city . A contractor psyB a jsreesun for the broken or left meat of tile -whole of fkB - mtaMtants ; and it is carted a few miles from the gfo , acd principally nsed in feeding pigs . The money flaapajd foes mto & * dty fond , anfl is expended in

      « « xepMi of the streets and sewers . The filth bein gas comp letely earned ofi £ there is consequently no jtencn , nor any stagnant -water . ; bnt all is dean and jgsJfhfuL Many of the shops have two doors j and not » fr » of the ™ cross a whole < tivMon , or block of build-% & * from street to street . They are lighted from the « £ rjh the middle part , and hare , of course , two fronts , ^ oe to each of the streets . The N « w Market is a splen-$ 3 bmldiog , 480 feet long , -with shops en each side of a vide passage , which rnna through its whole length , gjas market is well stocked with all kinds of provMonB « i » B daues . Above Hie aasritet are ahops and

      ware-^ 055364 . 32 » horses are the finest I ever saw ; of beantifnl jjmnieiry , light form , active , dodle , andpowerfoL flwj 23 also a peculiar sort of dray made here , con-&&S of fro long beams of Trood 34 or 25 feet in jgam , bcond together 3 n a particular manner , with lioles stsSort distances . Upon these is placed a row of gyV ,, pr ssrrels , withont any other fastening than a tJh ja esdi of ike holes , to keep them at a proper wj saee , or from rolling backward or forward . j-wsiJirack with the vsry clean and respectable ap-. paaigg of the inhabitants in general . They mostly dress MJly . Iheb linen remarkably dean ; and the mechanics I frequently took to be of the middle class . 2 was also jirwi ^ itb the similarity of their form and features , wfcichmb slender and swarthy ; one might almost iaas » them to be all o ? one family . The gentlemen , the

      BflcHauioand the ltBonrers ,-wore light , straw , willow , psJm-lesf , or platted or wore hats ; which , to me , w a uoYdty , and in my opinion , a great improvejsbS « i black , oi indeed any kind of staff , hats . The bade ot hat sfcbmg seemed to be carried to the greatest extreme of competition ; tows of hata were hung from &B top to the bottom of the buildings in Tery many instances , mUi « ngn » to "read , extendiatt also from top to bottom with edge outward to catch the eye ef the pas-« r-t > j . Atthe shops wherefarniture is sold , a anmber < 2 chairs are fixed in front of the building ; and at plaeesinto whichtfeey hsTBto aseendby steps , they paint en the front of the said shops , a fiat of the articles dealt is . Mbs eating houses are nearly all in cellars , or , asthey hare It , basements , to which there are generally three entrances .

      31 j friends , John snd Jsme » Mitchell , formerly of Paisley , shoemakers , but now of fids city , manufacturers -of sEEkhats , were exceeding kind and obliging ; they _ &o » ed me all that was interesting in and around the etj . Ihia day a company of volunteers arriTed from 'Harjlssd ; hsiing , in compliment to their commander aeeoEpsEied him so far on the way to Balem , a little to thacorth of the dry , on a lisit to bis rela-^ ob ; &fj halted on the " common , " a beautiful piece of gramd interspersed wifij walks , trees and water . Ben they encamped . The Yoltmteer corps of the city jKTgEdttgm to entertainments of tsiious kinds ; and wtiik fhej were bei g thus entertained , one or other

      d k £ eoBunmes of the oty -rolnnteers tnmod out to do OBiy at the camp ; so that all tbe local military was in motion . One day they had a general renew , 1 &Esa large concourse of tha citizens assembled to viiassii ; the same day they fired what Is called "a iDcai" vitb cacnes . A round is not 21 suns as in £ s £ hBi , bsi the number of States in the Union . 2 lad not amrfc tfma to derote to these matters , but ¦ ffiSroj- waiso intersting as the fact that these bra-re Tbhsdeerj were kept and clothed at iheir oven arpenoe fa fee sde object of defending the tights and indepen * w of their common country—that ^ tfa ^ y ¦ whtb gen& ¦ HSj bsdeemea . and tradesmen ' s sons who thus stood brnrt tot so paMotie a purpose .

      Tte Messrs . Mitchells took me to see that splendid * d hr-ftmed bonding , wherein the citizens , in the Vcaxt of times , met to consult and resolve—in fact , vhae they transacted aS that was important to the city < Jmn | &e Eerolation . 1 mean the Pensel "Half , -which Vupraenteatotht-dty by tile then proprietoj , Mr . Tamd , a French genUemen , from whom it takes its wa . ' It is sow the depository of the arms and ao-^ OBbsasrts rf all the companies of TotuBteers in the ^ . wmehsie designated as follows- —The ** Qrejs , " Taring abaaafiful nmfoxm of that colour , richly

      oraa-* eaed ; " Washinj 1 jon * 8 6 nardj - " Boston I ^ ght InimSry ^ ' "Bins ^ ngeaj " . "lanc 8 » " { moanted ); "L ^ gseBaentynsaiersj ** Siree or four companies at Qadatown , and four Artillery companies , besides a T&mteer etanpany at Boxbnrgh , aad others in the sramuamg districts . The proeession of the Maryland BBBpaay , with all the city Tolnnteea , aceompaztied by fi » GareBtsse ef tha State ( Dariee ) , the Mayor snd jaihtsitJes of the city , the naral and military officers , - ** it , irom the Common to the Pennel Hall , was tajimjioamg . Thej afterwards dined together in the ^ adM ^ HaD rf Idberly .

      TtOjehjat , Augcsi 3 t&—I got my bonks in-^ ectaa and taken to tbe lodgings I had procured . ^* 4 mgofc 1 went toseTeral places with tbj friends , the a&eaeHs , and s ^ d ioo late for the enham's bawdins-honsa , at which I had agreed with the first mate Bstop , -U- bong ktpt by his sister j 1 , tterefore , acvsmxatA ? ojtvo fiends , and slept At their lodgings » oteeak&atedwUhttJem , I was ihttoaueed to a Mr . oB ^ J ^ cf Paisley , an oM acquaintance . 1 was also « n ^ acedto annriclB gi im ? Mei ^ , 1 heMiUihella . He jmd

      •^ ttexl ^ TBleaaier flmablngatare . He is * » * najar in the "United States army , and has a com pajmihe eiiy . HeformerlyliTed » tP «) Tideaoe , aDd « p «* pare oemocrat , when the late « physical iorce " « B 05 > t at Befeaa was made in Shode Island , he went CTa sao-entaEd the lists with his party , and was soon *¦» " jristBKx . j , fazmal applicaHon being made iot m K&sse , m She ground &at he did not belong to estate , he was set at liberty ; but in afewdaysa yawiajdj to the QoTernorof Massachusetts to s ? pr Mm ap ; trhich , howeres , was not complied

      . ^ b onr female passengers obtained situations "w . a » dia also some of the men . ! " »*» Reprised , on entering the Bay of Boston , to ! = •*« -difereaoe in the appearance oi the Yankee ** aae 3 from cms , they feeingbmltfor rirertraffic , or * b * 7 tepping in ^ ^ y . 53 ^ j ^ two deekBf *^ i » o fsnnels , or a peculiar fora . In many other r « sj ! oey ire quite disamilai to oura . ^ a ew cnstom ^ ioase , in cobhw of erection , stands 5 , ® . ^ «* the principal Trharf , and will be a g ^ d bnading when completed- Itls oblong , extend-^^ whole -aiath of the basui , -with a tow of granite 2 ™^<* inaense dimensions , extendinr around the

      * °° - « beflam ?; each « olnmn is composed of one solid *«*• Tbe bniMmg is afl vl granite , which is pro-^ aat no graai distance from the city . It can be cat ^ Sr bbek * ' « f anj » aa Tbe front of the New ^^ e > the principal Hotel , and ^ Qier buildings , tht ~ H ? « Qje shops , waxeh <» ns 8 s , &c , are all bnflt « toe saniB stone . The streets are also paTsd wifli S-. ^ . ' nrtr i * -fl » city from the top of the State ^*» truly inter ^ ang . 5 e ^ vii 5 ai ~^ ^ kad made arrangements to start for « lork this day , and my lawQady , -when she found g ^ Soag . too k adTantage rf me , and charged double te ^ T J j * 04 bargained for . I went off in a hurry , ha m " ** trailL Tiie coachman , eTen after I liis P » Q hnn a York shilling more than his fare , r ^ a nJB Toy much , aad threatened to take my Jug-Ppoat rfSie train . w «< t rt tt \ o far an " Insh

      ^^ i » d sad , "if fle had me out , he would giYe ia « J ^ ' y food beating . " An Inshmaa , who was «» earriage , -ff ^ s np in a moment , at hearing his feT ^ l tt&tloBed ^ ^^ a * ay ' ** & ^^ ^ ~* ° « Mted , there ^ rould haTe been a collision , wilb" *• » 7 interfereuo 9 . S iksSrK * ^ 1 * 8531 ! 8 ™ tad Intended to meet me g ^^^ anto haYe a farewell skake of hands ; but tf ssrfT ^ - w * ° ngsi » Bon ; soJhadnotthepleaanre ^^^ thsnv One of them had engaged to go with ^ « ew York , but Tras too late for the train ; how-^ ie csme next Say . jjj r ^ mg Boston , the country is Tery beaniifuL it ± * , ^ Lwas KKjaderablecattingsfor the railway , ^ ^ wuy through graTeL ^ country soon became jBwa i *?? tewai ; the | finber was amall and ^ j ^ with a k 3 nS of moss . It -was oot at all in a - ** £ » f !™ r Kilv ^ great portion of U » land-surface < it ^ J ? "" ^ loose « 6 o 6 as , and not a little ta ^? " huge rocks j mush of the surface ISkg ?* . > giEBite , In many places without aofl ; W ^ , ^ sroaBd sesuied perfectly Taluetess for agrinard

      g ^ " ^ , % ri . - ^ f course , there was a littte Tana-^ ^» the test Traa Tery poor indeed . The fSto ""^* *» aniFs , had a Tery coarse kind of crass . fceaLiF <* & limber , bnt no larch- The people " *« tejriS 53 enoflS 1 i to leaTB the gronna taicult-Tated . j ^^* a -some plots of Indian com , whieh looked sa aj ^ l" ^ e e »« 5 . > A 8 we approached Pro-ridence , Saa ^ T ^* ** H » coantry rather improTed . Pro-* ieafelF ** " *? Khoae ^ "T ^ fl . seemed to be ^^ oJlLj 801 * ** dfcJ " " darkness , howeyer , com-I ^_ T ** « i 'y T >^ ag parUy concealed by i lls' ^ K » « to advantage . Here Jetn ^ T *« er . - Siaee learbg Boston , we ba-re . fc ^^ » o « Baat -srater , tett trees lying ^*"> * aa othenrisa ooTered with mossj inxwoy

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      instances , the fallen timber was in an the Taried stages or decay , a » a many of She Standing trees were coTered with moss to the top . At Proridence we crossed \ k » water in a steam-boat ; the distanoe was about a mile . Here a number of our psB 3 engara went on board a steam-boat whick took a ciTcnitons joate , and only reached New York oh the following afternoon . We proceeded Udrty miles furtber by railway , and entered a splendid steamer at Stonnlngton , and proceeded on the East rirer for New York . 1 regretted I had not taken my fare by the other conTeyaaee , -which lay all night near Providence , as in that case I should hare had the pleasure of witnessing the fine scenery on the coast , and also the coast of Long Island , which I passed in the dark ; it continuing so till we arriTed near New York .

      Satotiday 6 th—We could only see the lights from the K ^ httjonses along the coast , doling the night ; the first object I could distinctly perceive was a headland to our r ight I conld not learn its name ; but it was not far distant from New Rochelle , where the remain ? of the immortal Paike -were interred , and where a handsome monmnenfc is erected to the memory of that great statesman and patriot . A succession of buildings appeared in view . Here the land Beemed fertile . I saw some oats cut , as I also did in the neighbourhood of Boston , and daring some part of ear journey from that city . The great prlsen for minor offences was soon seen , and we had a sight of New York , and very soon of the city of Brooklyn ,

      Staten Island , and the New Jersey shore . We next approached the shipping , amorg which was pointed ont tome tb . 9 " Great Western , " and tbe "British Queen '' steam ships ; I had also my attention drawn to a newly inTeated machine by -which ships of the largest tonnage are , is the short space of jhalf-aa-honr , lifted © at of the water and left perfectly dry . There lay in the bay , ' tbeNorth Carolina , an IT . & Maa of War of 120 guns . Another ship of war lay at the quarantine ground , offStaten Island . The Gnomes * Preach war steamer of seventy guns , lay near the North Carolina—she had conveyed the Prince de Joinville ; near the Gnome lay the Wawpifce British frigate , which had conveyed iord Ashbniton , -who had been sent out to settle the question relative to the North East Boundary line .

      The steamer which conveyed me from Stonningfon was of the form and description given of those I saw in Boston Bay , but larger and more splendid . Eer name was Rhode Island . The fare from Boston was ene dellar and seventy-five cents ., or 1 | dollars , We went » und into the North River , - thuB passing the greater part of the docks . The ships were Bumerous , and of various descriptions . We got ia befor « six a . Hu , and were immediately crowded with lodginghouse keepers , hotel runners , and man-catchers of all descriptions , and for all purposes , but that of giving ?

      oa something - > comfort ns wilhont payment—carters , carmen , porters , fcc A crowd of them seized my trunk , and were very aigh fighting for the possession of tha prise . In tbe bustle they soon bad it on shore , when I stepped np , and asked if they intended to rob me ? They instantly placed it on the ground , and I engaged a decent looking rnn-r , to drive it to Peter Basseys for a quarter © f a dollar . I went on the top of it all tbe way . I found that Peter had left New York , and gone to live upon a farm hi New Jersey I therefore ordered the man to drive to Mr . Rewcastle's , No . 17 . in the same street He -was in bed . I washed

      myself , and before I had dressed my leg , &c ., he came snd inquired how I liked the West conntry . I told him he was mistaken hi his man , and I looked him in the face , when he soon found out who I was . We shook hands , and I was soon " at home" ( althongh his home was not all I could hare desired ) . After taking breakfast , I went to Worswick * s—Busseys old howseand there found letters from Mr . John Leech , and Mr . Wm . Cooke , of Hudderfield , with a Northern star asd a Leeds Mercury ; also a letter from John Peacock , and one from Thomas GUlispie , of Glasgow ; the-l&tte desiring me to look for Mr . Hewarth and other passengers . They were all scattered ; therefore I could not meet with them . I now called on Mr . Hollick , late Social Missionary ; he was out . William Ashton , late of Barnaley , with a friend , awaited oar landing to welcome me to " the land of liberty- *'

      When it became bruited abroad that I had arrived , a many friends came to pay their respects ; among them were several from Yorkshire , from Louden , and from Scotland , && Shn » aY , 7 th . —This morning I went to look fer James Walker , late of Glasgow , and his friend Holliday . The rain fell in torrents and I got well drenched . I etlscovered teat Mr . Purdie , late of Glasgow , had been writing some Whiggisb letters in the FltUan , a New York paper ; his name was not affixed thereto , for reasons best known to himself .

      Having received a pressing letter from Mr . Bnssey , and having some business to transact , after dinner 1 took the first Bteamer for Elizabeth Town , State of New Jersey , to visit him at bis farm . The distance was seventeen miles , the fare only 6 £ d . I was pleased with the farm , and with the crop upon it . 2 looked round the premises , and partook of apple-pie and milk . He then sent Ms man with a spring-cart to the Port with mo , and I reached New York in the evening . I was hailed by many when going along the streets : of some I had 00 knowledge -whatever : Jos . Parrsr , Hanson , Greenwood , dough , Bailey ( a female ) , Crowther , and some others from Euddersfleld ; Tiffioey and others from Halifax ; Ashton , from Barnaley ; Brown , from Birmingham ; some frem Leeds ; aome from L » r

      don ; some from Glasgow , &c ice A person boi JBaUey , near Detrebnry , came to see me . I asked " how the Shoddy bnsiness got on ? " He said , " of late It had gone down . " I enquired the reason ; be replied , " there had been a great deal to do about the Sfo&ty in the House Of Gommons , by a Mr . Ferrand , * nd the msrchsBts would not , therefore , buy the doth . " I asked him " if he knew that I was the person who wrote the letter which Mr . Ferrand read in tbe House , explaining how the Devil's Dust was made ? " He opened his eyes -ray ¦ wide and exelaim ^ d : " Jf o ; but if it was yon , there never texts a man more cursed since the creation 0 / the vx > rld " He informed me that there were two persons on Staten Island , carrying on the same trade , and that

      be waa going to the business tkere limself . I -was also told thai at Troy , in tbe State © f New York , they are rapidly carrying on that species of roguery ; thus raining trade in America as our manufacturers have destroyed it in England . One person from Batley , ef the name of Bromley , is regularly engaged on Staten Island in the manufacture of Shoddy . * Thus are the Torkslure " derSj" now divide * between the States and England ; and when they become fairly balanced in respect of number , and are in full battle array , then will the collision produce a total wreck , ending in a perfect scramble . It is to be hoped , however , tnafc the lynx-eyea "Sankies triU not beguiled by the transported "devils , " in the same manner as John Ball asd his customers have been duped . Mind if we don't soon set a Feeeaxk at them !

      . Mo > 'BaT , 8 th . —I again wisut in qnest of James Walker , but did not succeed in rinding him . I next proceeded by a railway train , which comes to the centre of tbe city and opposite the Park , where stands tile City Hall , Post Office , Poor House , Aston House , ftTirl many other important aad famous buildings . Strange as it may appear to Englishmen , the terminus of the Bafl-sray , after a rather sharp Inclined plane , is just upon one ef the main streets . Tbe rails are laid in the streets , npon which the carriages are drawn by horses to the extremity of the crowded parts of the city —turning corners as waggons do . From thenee they are propelled by steam to Wast Chester , crossing the river , ¦ which separates the island from tbe main land , to the above town , in the county of the same name ; a dis tance of twelve or fourteen miles . I travelled by ene of t £ s trains , ( which , I think , start every fifteen

      minutes ); passing over the rudest fields , much covered with weeds , useless shrubs , rocks and stagnant pools , and of a most ¦ uneven surface , "but marked out for streets , in some cases crossing each other at equal distances , and extending to the extremity of the island , which is fonrteen mile * long ; a proof of what they intend ttie city to be—a grand specimen of Yankee notions , apeculation and extravagance . Arrived at the station , I west according to tie directions given me which led x&e along 85 different streets , a distance of six miles , and , at last , fsund out that I was directed to tbe wrong person , and sny journey was lost For the mike of variety , I took a stage coach back again , and returned by the common high road to the city , aad , of course , had an opportunity of makiEg additional observations upon the wild wilderness of streets in embryo , -which , terminated at each end at the water's edge .

      I was greatly disappointed with the city of New York . My idea was that I Bhonld find it the most unique and splendid city in the Union . I looked for wide , regularly-formed streets , filled up with buildings , on gradually sloping inclined planes , and all kept clean ¦ and in good repair , the filth carried away by well constructed and substantial sewors ; k-ut , en the contrary , I fonna the streets crooked ; in aome places level , and in parts so narrow as to render them almost impassable ; badly paved , with stagnant pools here and there , deep ruts in the middle , and the kennels choked with filth and gaTb-ge ; innumerablehoga straying about , of a most disguatujg shape—indeed , of a breed to which I was a to » l stranger—and , as if to add to their ugliness , they are generally bedaubed with mire , ao as to make

      it next to impossible to ascertain their colour . The stretts ^ are of thsmselves exceedingly offensive to the olfactory nerves ; but to pass the long snouted grunters -sras to melntolerable . Many a time have I gone out of my way to avoid them . I considered that the West end of the city-was bad enough , but the cast was still worse , there beiDgagreaterabundaneeof thoseill-favoured . dirty grantors . In the best streets , the kennels were overflowed with streams of surface water , proving that they had no sewers . The buildings were erected to suit the' taste and convenience of the owners , and were irregular , There certainly are exceptions to this state of things ; yet , upon the whole , the city is most

      shamefully managed , as compared with tbe city of Boston » and I was credibly informed that " parties" are so balanced in the city , tbe neither the Whig , 0 * the Leeo 3 ?<* o il > emocrat ) party , dare make an attempt to ie «! p the hogs out of toe streets . But if either , party fear losing Totes through interference with the bogs , surely some of them might dare to arrange for the removal of the garbage on which they luxuriate , and to suggest tbe consVruciaon of sewers for the carrying off the filth and pool * of stagnant water which abound on every hand . This ought to be attended to , both for the preservation of their own health , and that of the atom in general . They should at once lay aside all party spleen and factious jaucour , aod unite in this

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      one common object , doing honour to their far-famed city , by the adoption or means for the removal of nuisances so disgraceful to their character , and ruinous to health . - . - ; u r Another , and -very-great nuisance , exists in the business Btreets , especially those in which , the wholesale bnsiness ia transacted . Lin front of each stop * or warehouse , ate large piles of packing oases , crates , casks , &c These are heaped upon each other to a dangerous height , as if the owners were ambitious of vieing with each other in Bhowing the largest nnmber , and as if the

      extent and success of their business depended upon the show . Very often the masaes are bo larjse as to render it difflault to pass along the small space of flags left uncovered—they being igenerally placed upon tbe flags , or footway . Even Sunday is not a day exempt from this nuisance . If two , persons attempt to walk abreast , a nail is 4 lmost sure to catch the garment and a rent is tbe consequence . But . no matter ; there the heaps of packages . remain , in the : same position from day today aid -week to -week ; and , if appearances are any indication of their long-standing , from year to year .

      There are many splendid pnblio and private buildings in the city , and some noble benevolent institutions and asylums ; indeed they have institutions Of every description for benevolent purposes . I admire the taste of the Bostonians more than that of the New Yorkers . There , there ia a neatness of form aud finish , and excellence of situation , which is not the case here . I observed , too , that the horses here are inferior to those at Boston . : I am not at all surprised that ; misery prevails at New York to a much greater extent than in any other part of the Union ; seeing that it cannot be otherwise , while so many thousands are annually , nay almost weekly ; driven here by dire necessity from Britain , Ireland , and all parts of Europe , to seek a home and resting place in the "land of promise ; " and who , having exhausted their last shilling in the search to find employment , are com * pelled to appeal to the authorities , or live by begging or stealing .

      Toesdat 8 th . —Robert Anderson , one of my fellow passengers from Liverpool , with Charles Earnshaw and his wife , arrived from Boston thismoming ^ ind brought me some letters and papers which I had Hit while in that city . Their recovery was , to me , a very fortunate circumstance . { To be continued . }

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      DISMISUAL OF THE CHAPLAIN OF KNUTSFORD GAOL . Ai an adjourned quarter sessions held at the Courthouse , Nether Knutsford , last week , before Mr . Trafford Trafford , chairman , and a full bench of magistrates , the Court proceeded to the consideration of tbe discipline of Knutsford gaol , and adopted a csurse which has created no inconsiderable degree of sensation throughout the county of Chester . It will be recollected that at the late sessions held at Chester , the consideration of the report of the visiting justices of Knutaford Gaol , which recommended the dismissal of the chaplain , was adjourned to these adjourned sessions . Since then the visiting justices made another report , embodying evidence on the dietary and discipline of the gaol , and

      adhering to the recommendation to dismiss the chaplain . A letter had also been received from Sir J . Graham on the whole of tbe documents , reflecting in the strongest terms upon the misconduct of the governor of the gaol , and pntting it to the justices whether , after the instances stated In the evidence of the reports , particu larly aa to the continuance of corporal punishment to a youth when it had been expressly stopped by the surgeon in attendance , they could with confidence and-safety continue him in his situation ; and bIbo « ontaining an opinion that if death bad ensued in consequence of such conduct , the governor would have been guilty of homicide . Tbe charges against the chaplain made by the visiting justices were the most prominent part of the proceedings . The first and main one was , that during the inquiry his conduct had been most unsatisfactory It appeared that the inspector , -who had bees seat

      down by Government to report on the case after Mr . Duncombe had made his charges against the governor in ' the House of Commons , examined the chaplain privately at Knutaford , and that the latter refused , whan required , to Btate to the visiting justices what he Tiad communicated to the inspector , because , as he alleged , be considered that communication to be confidential . This was held by the Justices to be a ground of accusation against him . He ms farther charged with having kept a jonrnd , which' he declined to produce for the inspection of tha justices , although an order had been made that he should report to them whatever he saw wrong before entering it in his jontntil , in order that the same might be investigated ; and he was also charged with not having exclusively devoted hfi time to bis spiritual duties , and with not having administered the sacraments to some of the felons .

      - At the conclusion of the reading of the documents , which were of some length , and which contained evidence of an exculpatory u well aa of a criminatory character ,

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      Mr . P . L . Townsend moved that the reports of the vtaiMng justices b » adopted and confirmed , and that the chaplain be dismissed . Ha went briefly over the alle . gations agaiusfe f tne latter , and said that the main complauit against him was , that he had privately seen the inspector of prisqpB , and prejudiced that gentleman ' s ^ «* ¦ w ^ heb askea to acquaint the visiting justices witn what he had stated to him . he sheltered himself under the pleaithat it was privileged , although the in-Bpector in his report said that he did not consider the chaplain a egmmunicattODs confidential . ™ ™ Tabley "eoooded the motion . Mr . Wilbraham contended , that the worst characters in the gaol had been brought oafc of their coils to demolish the chaplain ' 8 character , and called npon the Court not jto make the chaplain the victim and tbe scapegoat because what had been stated in Parliament had been proved to be true . He thought that if they sacrificed this gentleman they must of necessity sacrifice the gaoler .

      Mr . Davenport entered his solemn protest against the motion , eaid that no real gronnd for dismissal had been shown , and expressed a hope that the chaplain would not be viaitad with the tbitatened punishment becauw his politics Were of the Liberal schooL The Right Hon . E . J . Stanley feared the course they were taking would lead the public to view the whole proceeding as a feregone conclusion , namely , to get rid of the chaplain . He recapitulated the case , and Bald , the inquiry proved that what had been said in Parliament was substantially true , and they ought not to separate the conduct of the chaplain from that of the gaoler . He admitted that the former deserved admonition fox bin conduct to the justices , but said , that that conduct had not been sufficient to justify a step which must ruin and degrade him . After much further discussion , the motion was adopted , the numbers , on a division being for it , thittyfive , against it five .

      It was then arranged that the chaplain should leave forthwith , and be paid his salary up to the July quarter . After tbe d / scusatott respecting the chaplain had terminated , tbe Court proceeded to consider the charges contained In Sir j . Graham's letter against tbe gaoler , going through them seriaium . In some of them the magistrates exonerated the gaoler , though in others it was admitted that he bad been in some degree blameable , but not to such an extent as to warrant them in withdrawing their confidence from him . In this opinion all the magistrates then present concurred ; but when it was finally proposed to pass a generel exculpatory vote in favour of the gaoler , Mr . Wilbraham declined to concur in it , upon the ground , that although he considered the charges unimportant , yet , as they had dismissed the chaplain on acoount of still less important charge * , he could not consistently say that the gaoler ought to be entirely exculpated . The proceeding ? occupied about five hours . . ^ fc ¦

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      reduced to tbe lowest depths of degradation , and stepped to the lips in poverty and wretchednessr It ia to remedy this abase , and obtain equal j repire ^ eatati ^ n , that tbs people have adopted the principle of the Charter ; for why should one cloaafwho produce-nothing , have the power to make laws for their own conveme&ce at the expence of the wealth producers ? If laws be founded in justice , their influence would be equally felt by every individual in the empire ; and unless they afford protection ttoChe poor as well as the rich , they must of necessity be either imperfect or unjust .

      Now , it is said by the advocates of aristocratic governments that tbe Constitution of these countries is perfect , and " a blessing to the nation" ! I deny each perfection exists in the "blessed Constitution , " or that the blessed Constitution ia a blessing to the nation . If the Constitution was perfect , labour would have its protection , and the working { classes would have a voice in making laws to insure its continuance . Whilst the aristocracy and class interests trample on the rights and revel in the wealth produced by their fellowcitizana , it is a libel on the Constitution to say it 1 b a blessing to the nation . It is a blessing , to bs sure , to all who live by other people's industry , but it is a curse to the millions who have to support the Idlers ,

      Strange , that perfect as tbe constitution is said to be , still we find numbers of those very idlers to which it is a blessing , crying out for reform . Is it a reform of a perfect constitution they mean , or is it a reformation by way of obtaining greater facility for plunder they would seek ? I fancy it is the latter , for if they were sincere they would not quibble and shuffle and try to annihilate the only principle which can possibly achieve radical aad permanent good . Why riot join the working classes in seeking to establish the Charter aa the law , instead of opposing its progress ? Why not strike at the root of the evil , and by dealing justly with the people , perfect tbe imperfect constitution , and make their country the « admiration of the world ? Why not give the people the franchise , and thereby restore them

      to political equality ? Because j they are now as ever they were , your taskmasters , and would sooner heap more chains and miseries upon you than give you one particle of liberty , or respite : from your sufferings . They have never been honest enough to cede a single point without having first limited it to certain bounds . If the people had the suffrage they would not tolerate abuses , and would cut off the sources of monopoly and unjust taxation ; this , the woald-be reformers well know , and fearing the trade of { oppression would fail , they labour to counteract tbe principle of Universal Suffrage , by endeavouring to substitute other and less efficient remedies in its Btead . lit is fer this reason

      Manhood Suffrage and twenty-five years of age was cried up ; it is for this reason the Irish forty shilling freeholders lost tbe franchise in exchange for emancipation ; it is for thiB reason the leaders ot the Irish people quibble about technical trifles , and denouBee the word UNIVERSAL with as much vehemence aa if it was contagious ; it Is for this reason "iknown Chartists" are excluded from repeal meetings ; and , finally , it is because those precious hypocrites have been driven from one position to another , with the voice of liberty thundering in their ears , and striking terror into their hearts , and tbe niareh ot pauperism ; pressing on tbeir heels , tbat webave them now , nolens miens , crying out " Complete Suffrage . " i

      Irishmen , listen to them not . ' It ia the cry of the orocodile and tbe last shift of expiring hypocrisy . The Whigs and middle classes have never ceded or assisted you yet , nor will they new unless you compel them . Remember there is no mercy to | be expected from a hungry wolf—dissemble aa he may , he is a wolf still . In seeking for the franchise , bear in mind that the Charter is your only hope ; it is your sheet anchor in the storm ; nor will any other course of policy give you as certain a victory . It is enough for you to know that you are compelled to contribute taxes and defend your country with your lives . It is enough for you to

      know , that no matter whether it be a Tory or a Whig Government demands y * ut obedience , that the penalty is the same , and tbat you are the ; slaves of both . If you are to p > y , you ought to know for what , and to whom ; and if you are to shed your ] blood in defance of sour country , you ought to have a voice in making the laws which bind you . If you are poor , you have a right to inquire tbe cause , and when you know it to remedy it ; and if you cannot do so , you should demand that your light be restored to you . 1 A . a the producers of wealth , you have a right te examine the aacounts of tbe nation and scrutinize them as becomes you .

      Irishmen , if you love liberty and would see yonr country happy , you will Bet yourselves about the work of regeneration . . Yon have Been the insincerity of tbe Whigs and Middle Classes . You know tbe Tories are your enemies , therefore the work' is , must be yodb own . Imitate the example set yon by the Chartists of Great Britain , and tbe brave and [ invincible band of the Irish Universal Suffrage Association . They are the tbve friends of Ireland , and opposed as they may be , they will ultimately prove the saviours of your country . Rally , then , round tbeirstandard—it is stamped with the mgis of troth , and victory hovers over it . . Your obedient servant , i VEEItAS .

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      The Rev . Wight—It is ao use to attempt it , you can read it after . _ Mr . Bowman—No , Sir , you are a parcel of usurpers—( " ehame , " and " read it" ) Without the rosating elects Its own Chauznan , it us tnmoltuoas-sssembJy . Mr . Wight—You have no right to interrenst the proceedings in this way . I shall send for a constable and have order kept —( cheers and hisses . ) Mr Bewman—I perceive there ia a police officer hero ; but I dare him to take me in charge . I don't want to create disturbance , bat to exercise my right ; as a eitizsn . On an understanding that Mr . Bowman and others should be heard , the proceedings were allowed tc go on .

      The ' Bev . Mr . Wight and several other speakers addressed the meeting , strongly condemning the Government measure , and declaring that sooner than have it as it now stands , we would be better without education at all . They pointed out the educational clauses of the Bill , against which they most bitterly inveighed , and contended that they -were well calculated to destroy Sunday schools , and foster a spirit of discontent amongst Dissenters generally . One speaker denounced , Dr . Hook , of Leeds , as being the fratner of the Bill , while another threw all the responsibility on the Government . A Rev . Mr . KItts ( Baptist minister ) raade a most violent aud rabid attack on tbe poor Catholics in respect to the ' indulgences' of thoir church—( many persons in tbe meeting expressed in strong terms their disapprobation of such intolerant eon duct . )

      Mr . Bowman , —( appealing to the meeting )—Are we to have a tirade against Popery ?—icriea of " shame , ** " go on , " and great confusion ) . . After the various speakers ( called on by the Chairman , / bad finished ^ Mr . Bowman made several attempts to speak , but was interrupted by the Chairman , who would not allow him to proceed , but commenced reading a synopsis of the Bill , which occupied a considerable time ; after which he dissolved the meeting , though he and others were pledged to hear the other speakers , or they would not have been allowed to proceed . So words can give a picture of the . scene which now prevailed . Several persons attempting to speak at once , but the confusion and noise drowned their voices .

      Mr . Wight—You must be orderly . I have taken care to have tbe Bill printed in such a way , that no man has a right to speak without permission —{ loud booting . ) A Voice—These are the apostles ot Christianity I Mr . Hanson—I enter my solemn protest against the way in which this meeting haa been conducted . The Chairman , or Mr . Wight—If the meeting does not separate , I'll order the lights to be put out . Tbe foregoing is a brief outline of what really took place , for the meeting lasted upwards of three hours . We have attended numerous public meetings , during periods of great popular excitement , when party feeling ran very high ; but we never witnessed , on the part of any faction , so overbearing , intolerant , and tyrannical a spirit as was displayed by these dissenting ; parsons on this occasion . firstly , we have them

      usurping-the right of the people , in public meeting assembled , to choose tbeir own chairman . Secondly , we havd them exhibiting a violent and intolerant spirit towards the poor Catholics . Thirdly , we have them , ( for the sake of being heard themselves ) , promising from the pulpit , that others should be heard after they were done ; and then desecrating the house of God by refusing every one the privilege they had premised . Fourthly , we have them calling on the people to sign a petition , which they dared not lay before the meeting , because it goes for a rejection of the whole Government measure , and , as such , would have beeo . opposed . And , fifthly , hypocritically pretending to be tiie frienda of the children of the poor , while they would continue them in slavery and ignorance , by wholly opposing this measure for lessening infant labour in factories , and securing them

      education . In consequence of these proceedings , the following placard waa issued next morning : — " Public Meeting . —Into ^ eremt , Overbearing . AND TVRANSICAX CONDUCT OP THE DISSENTING Preachers in Opposing the Factory BbgulaTION and Education Bill . —la consequence ot tbe tyrannical and overbearing conduct of the dissenting preachers , at tbe pnblio meeting held in the Congregational Chapel , last night , in not allowing any one to speak bat themselves , and in calling on the people to sign a petition which was never submitted to tbe meeting , a public meeting will be held at the Market Cross this evening , at half-past seven o ' clock * to take into consideration tbe propriety of petitioning Parliament on the ' Factory Regulation and Education Bill .

      " N . B . —The dissenting preachers are particularly invited to attend to discuss the subject . The chairman will be chosen by the meeting . " At the time called for the meeting , a considerable number of persona had assembled , but at the time of taking the chair ( eight o'clock ) there would not be fewer than from 3 , 000 to & . 500 persons present . Oa the motion of Mr . Hanson , Mr . James Arthur waa called onto preside ; who , after reading the Bill calling the meeting , and making a few appropriate remarks , called on Mr . Bowman to move the first resolution .

      Mr . Bowman complained bitterly of the overbearing and tyrannical conduct of those Christian teachers who had exhibited on tbe former evening . He said whila they headed their band-bill " Religious Liberty , " they had most unfairly trampled upon tbe liberty ef the subject , by choOBirjg their own chairman previons to the meeting , and then not allowing any one to be heard but their own party , though they were pledged to hear all parties . Such conduct was not only hypocritical but tyrannous—it was , in short , a desecration of fcho

      house of God . These men had ottered the most violent tirades of abusa against the Church and the Catholics , and while they exposed the educational clauses of the Factory Bill , they had forgot all th « se good portions of the Bill which protected the poor factory child against tbat excess of toil to which it had been subjected , and shielded it from those dangers to which it had been most instrumeEtaliy exposed , by being compelled to clean machinery while in motion . Mr . Bow * man , after some further remarks , moved tba following resolution : —

      " That in tbe opinion of this meeting the Bill now before Parliament for the education of children employed in factories , is not calculated to give to the rising generation a sound , practical , and useful education , in consequence of tbe power ef appointing Trustees being placed in the hands of the dominant Church party ; at the- same time we approve of it as a means of affording education to those who would not otherwise receive it , thus giving them an opportunity of entering the gardsn of knowledge and partaking of those salutary fruitJ which they would otherwise be deprived of . Yet this meeting hail this as a great remedial measure to the intense su&ring and great exposure to * personal injury io which young persons employed in manufactories bave hitherto been subjected and exposed , by lessening their hours of labour and protecting them against injuries likely to be inflicted upon them by cleaning machinery when in motion . "

      This resolutico was seconded by- Mr . Carruthers , and carried unanimously . Mr . Hanson then cime forward , to move the adoption of a petition . He spoke at considerable length . The petitioa was seconded , and carried nnsnimously The petition was ordered to ba signed by the chairman in behalf'of the meeting , and forwarded to Sir James Graham for presentatioa to the House of Commons , accompanied with a letlef of explanation respecting its origin . We had . almost forgot £ 0 mention that during the proseedings the Rev . Mr . Chester , ( Methodist

      preacher , ! mounted the cress stairs , and endeavoured to defend the conduct of himself and others at the former meeting ; but in this he most miserably and ignaUy failed , as was cleas from the jeers and laughter of the-meeting . He was . patiently beard throughout , though bis observations . were of a very rambling character ; indeed , many are- of opinion that he came there , not ao much for the sake of Being beard , bnt for tbe pu = pcae of exasperating the people . We are glad , however , that the people by their forbearing conduct Bail him an example which we trust he will profit by in fatwe .

      THE WORKING : MEN ' S MENTAL IMPROVEMENT Society . —The meaabers of this society and a number of friends spent a social evening together on Monday , the 17 th insWit , © a which occasion , several excellent speeches were made on a variety of subjects . Phbeno-Mssjkerism . —We noticed last week two lectures on tbja subject , which were delivered by Mr . Adair , of the Sheffield Phrenological Society , in the lecture room , at the Atheijeum . Since then the same gentleman baa , given experiments in this science , on four diffeteat occasions in tha same place ; aad with

      very greiii success , both a& regards the aomben in atien-iancfi , and the accurate results which he ' has established . Mr . Adair hsa succeeded in mesmerising several persons belonging to the town , and when ia that state , has operated , apon the various organs with singular and convincing effect ; indeed we know several of tfea parties , and have no hesitation in saying that the ; are above suBp&iau ; and would be amongst the last men in Carlisle : to lend themselves for any dishoaeat purpose , m » oh leas to act in collusion'With a stranger , to deceive and cajole their fellow-townsmen .

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      "Ah pBLEANS journal states tbat a notary of that place had just fled , leaving a deficit of 500 , 000 francs . He is supposed * to have 1 shaped his course towards England . Many of the sufferers are indnstrious ar > tiBanaandagricalturistS jWho had placed tbeir savings in his hands . ' - Advices frgk Alexandria of the 8 thmst . state , that Mehemet Ali left Cairo on the 31 st ult . for Lower . Egypt . He was to proceed thence to Alexandria , where he usually resides daring the season of tha Kamsin and the gammer months . Ibrahani aad Said , Pasha still continue in Lower India . ' The highest number of people on tbeiPaislej relief list was 14 , 791 ; this was on the 11 th of November , 1842 . The number on the list this Oast ) week is 835 . The Relief Committee , at their meeting on Thursday last , came to the resolution that their distribution of provisions to the unemployed should cease on Saturday tUe 29 th iast ,

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      TO THE MEMBERS OP THE REPEAL ASSOCIATION OF IRELAND . Irishmen , —I have stetsd that the various suffrages which were proposed for tbe adoption of the people were not calculated to repeal the " Union , " or ' strike the blow" which 1 b to set the " bondsmen free . " We have seen that the document of the People ' s Charter was introduced as the only safe and certain remedy for political grievances ; at leaat so thought the framera of that document , ( among whom was O'CanneU , ) and bo the people have ever believed it to be . It is plain that if consistency of principle is necessary in public men , or parties , it is equally necessary as regards the Charter . If s man or set ot men adopt a principle which has for its object the amelioration of their condition , it is only

      reasonable they should give such principle a fair trial before they either condemn , or introduce others in its stead . The question which follows is , was the principle of Universal Suffrage given a fair trial before tt wag attempted to : be ejected from the document of which it was a poition 1 If not , it was unfair to condemn it before it had failed as a measure . When we look at the present state of society , and behold the people crushed beneath an enormous load of taxation to support an overgrown and corrupt Bystem of Govern * ment , we cannot bnt admit the necessity of applying some efficient renieeiy for tbe abuse , and , like skilful physicians , treat the malady in its proper and safest way . it unfortunately happens that there are as many ( if not more ) political , as physical quacks , who ignorantly and recklessly presume to administer nostrum after nostrum , regardless of the result , so long as they can pocket tbe fee , and dispose of their pills . One quack bleeds , another blisters , aud a third leeches bis patients ,

      until at length , betwixt physicking and slops , the wretched sufferers are reduced to a condition ten times worse than before they submitted to be quacked . In political illness , we have quacks of all shades of colours , from tbe ultra Tory to tbe ultra Reformer , who aspires to the establishment of a New Moral World of his own . The Reform quacks , who would improve the condition of the working classes , are , however , the most arrant knaves in existeDce , nor can they be otherwise , when we remember the final measure ot Lord John Russell ; his dose was indeed a pill , bnt Still incapable of eradicating the symptoms of unsound and corrupt legislation . The quacks of this order are the more dangerous , as they seldom bold the same opinion , er pursue the same practice , for any length of time . The medicines they would apply , in one case , externally , are often applied Internally , and hence we have naked backs in the streets , and hungry : stomachs in the bastiles .

      One knowing one says the people ought to be educated before they should be entrusted with the suffrage . To this numbers of would-be friends of the people assent ; now , I cannot deny tbat were the people in possession of sound moral and political knowledge they would soon obtain influence and pewer ; but I am at a loss to know how the people are to be educated in erder to be qualified I Of a certainty there is but little hope from the Government ; they know that knowledge is power , and consequently they never will educate tbe people as long as they can avoid it ; we have bad a

      striking proof of this in the fact of £ 70 , 000 being voted for her Majesty's stables , whilst £ 30 , 00 * was voted for the pnrposes of National education . Talk of educating tbe people before you would give them tbe suffrage after tbat— 'tis monstrous t aa it is evident if education Is to be procured for money , the hors « 3 of her Majesty would bave the suffrage sooner than the people . The people themselves are too poor and oppressed to afford the means , and what is worse , mother church , with all her knowledge and inspiration , is not a charitable school mistress .

      The " lower orders , " says another , are very ignorant , and if they bad the suffrage , they would not know what to do with it ; we should have the " rabble " doing this and doing that , and there would be nothing but confusion . Bat , I would ask , are nil the men who possess the franchise educated , or morally better in their character , than tbe non-electors ? If so , where are tbe proofs f If education were to be the teat of qnaHficat < on , very many , now holding the elective privilege , would be immediately struck off the list of voters ; indeed , I might safely say , there are many thousands of the present electors , who are perfectly ignorant of every

      thing save crouching servility to their patrons and landlords . But it is absolutely necessary , says another , to enlighten the people before you would give them the franchise . But I would refer this quack to the proceedings of tbe late session of Parliament , and then say if the lower orders : of any country in the : world cut bo contemptible a figure &b did the representatives of the present enlightened (?) electors . But I forget , it is not an educational suffrage , those bribe-loving , venal , favoured ones , possess . ; No , it is a household , or brick and mortal qualification . The present House of Commons owe their elevation not to the voice or reason of

      tbe people , but to the agency ef inanimate matter , or household qualification . Talk of morality if yon please , but shew me , if you can , where is tbe morality er tbe justice in such a state of things . Almost in every tewn of the empire there are numbers of houses which are dens of prostitution and infamy , receptacles for highwaymen and midnight assassins , the occupiers of those bouses have a qua'ification , but the working man who rents a cottage for a sum lew than is required by law , has no vote , although he is a better and more useful member of society than

      his infamous neighbour . - If a man rents a house for the special purpose of letting it out in lodgings , he is qualified to have » vote , whilst the party paying him a profit rent is disenfranchised . & ., pays £ 26 tent for a house , B pays him £ 30 ' for furnished lodgings , whilst A has a voice In making the law which keeps the mottopoly in bis own hands , and B , although he pays , must submit to be burthenad with A ' a taxes . Or a landlord has a number of amall houses on his estate , aad to secure his return to Parliament he adds a pig house , a fowl house , er a few loads of stones and moitur io make them of the nominal value of £ 10 .

      But we will give you Lodger Suffrage , eaj the friends of cheap Government , but why not give the poor man a Vote , says the advocate of the Charter J He not only builds your houses but produces the wealth which you expend on them ; and whether ia he * ot the bricks , more eligible as electors ? According to the principle of Household Suffrage , it is the house and not ; the man that possesses the vote , i for suppose a man had a house to-day through which he was qualified , and that that house was by any accident destroyed , where woald be bis qualification then ? lit is plain then that if we had ao houses we could have no Members of Parliament , bat as we cannot live without houses , we mart endeavour to reduce then ? to their proper and obvious uses .

      It cannot be a free country where the producers of wealth are denied a just protection foe their labour . In a healthy state of society the working classes should be independent of tfce capitalists , for It i « a simple tenth , that cause and effect should be co-equal j there * fore , if labour produces wealth , labour is the principal ; and if that wealth , be again employed to produce labour it ought to strengthentho mutual dependance of labour and capital upon each other . Where this protection is denied to labour , aud when laws are made for the protection of capital orfly , the workings classes must naturally be oppressed . It ia the duty of a people to protect themselves ; and it is justice to admit their claim to have a voice in making the laws which contribute to their happiness or misery . Thus , in the present case , the working ; classes are , through the influence of class-made laws , which uphold the interests of the capitalists , aid opposed to the rights of labour ,

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      CARLISLE . INTOLERANCE OF DISSENT . —PUBLIC MEETING TO PETITION PARLIAMENT AGAINST THE FACTORIES' REGULATION AND EDUCATIONAL BILL . Ou Tuesday evening , tbe 18 th inst ., a public meeting waa called in the Congregational 1 Chapel , Lowtherstreet , for the above purpose . A great number of the working classes were present on the ] occasion , evidently taking a deep interest in the proceedings against this measure of the Government , more especially aa it was understood that the Dissenters were for a total rejection of the whole measure , without any regard to its improvement At the hour appointed , the Chapel was about half filled , but the numbers soon began to increase , and before the close we should think ¦ there would not be fewer than from five to six hundred persons present . The meeting was opened by prayer , after which a Rev . Mr . Wilson came forward as cbaimmn , and was about to proceed , when Mr . Bowman came forward and

      said— I Am I to understand , sir , that you 'are chairman ? if bo , I object , unless you are chosen in a regular way . This is a public meeting—( cheers and hisses . ) The Chairman—I will not leave the chair . Mr . Bowman—There has been no chairman chosen . — ( hear , hear , and hissing . ) A Voice—We can't hear Mr . Bowman . Mr . Bowman—According to the law of public meetings , tbe chairman ought to be chosen by the meeting—( confusion . ) I don't know Mr . Wilson at all , but I do say , to publish a handbill calling a public meeting , and that bill beaded " Religious Liberty , " and then to choose the Chairman privately ere the meeting assembled , is trampling on tbe liberty of the subject . If the meeting chooses Mr . WHsoa I have no objection —( Go on , and hisses . ) !

      Tbe Chairman—Aa the announcement was made on the placard that ! was to take the chair , and as the meeting was called for a specific object , no one haa- a right to interfere with tbe arrangements . The object we have in view is a truly Christian and philanthropic one , to secure tbe preservation of onr religious rights and liberties . We feel for the children ef the poor , and are assured that tbe objects we aim at are calculated to promote their interests . : Mr . Bowman—Yen had better take a fair and reasonable course , and appoint a chairman . IA voice" it is dona" ) Then you have assumed a powe ? you had no right to posseoB . ( Hear , hear , ; and uproar . ) 1 say you are greater tyrants than the Government of whom you are complaining . j Tbe Chairman—I beg , sir , you will not interrupt us in this way ; we come here for an honest anil conscientious purpose . ! *

      Mr . Bowman—I much question ! your- honesty , when you are thus trampling on the' liberty ot tha subjpet . \ The Chairman attempted to speak , but the noise was so great that he could not be heard . ' Mr , Bowman—I will read you the few of public meetings . ( Noiae . ) This is religious li »> e * ty t ( Hisses and cries of read it ) You had far batter take my way , because it is an honest way . i The Rev . Mr . Wight—We have a right , sir . Mt . Bowman—( amidst great noisej- —It is a public meeting , and it must appoint its own chairman . A voice— " Put him out , " and great wproar . Mr . Bowman—Aye , you may , do as you like , but \ The Chairman—When we ars- done , yon can saj what yon have to say . ( Applause- sai 4 hooting . ) A voice- *—Well have oor owa chairman .

      The Rev . Mr . Wight—In calling this meeting , we took particular care to know whether yr * were righk or wrong , or doing every thing ; according to law * and beiDg well aware that it was-a common custom , ta intenupt meetiaga , we dideross tiling we could , ta prevent anything taking plaea , on the present occasion We called the meeting oa our own responsibility ; we appointed a chairman , and no one b $ &- a right to come and complain » i it . ( Hooting ^ uaise , ana cheera ) i Mr . Bowman—Then you ought not to have called a pnblio meeting . j

      Mr . Wight—We called this meeting by placard , which specified its object , and announced who was to be in the chair , and not all the men in Britain have ft right to find fault with ik . ( Hooting and cheera ) I wish it to be distinctly understood , that , as minister of this chapel , I mean to claim the protection of the law . ( Loud disapprobation and applause . ) It is nst from any feeling of hostility towards such persons , as Mr . Bowman —( oh 1 ohl from Mr . Bowman )—that I refuse to hear him . I am myself a jmember of the Complete Suffrage Association , —( a voice—then why do yon not elect a chairman by Universal Suffrage , )— -but £ would be the first maa to denounce , in tbe strongest terms , men who come to euch meetings as this for the purpose of interrupting the business , i Holding these opinions , I can go on with clean hands . I will claim the protection of the law . i

      Mr . Bowman—Then I will read ! you the law , ( Cheers and hisses . ) Ohl I will not be put down , I will read you the law . i Mr . Arthur—Allow Mt . Bowman to read the law . Mr . Bowman , amidst great uproar , attempted to read from a book . He began , ' according tojosage' —( cries of " put him down . " and " shame , " mingled with , cries of " go oa" ) I

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      Ekbata—At the beginning of this Journal , " it was set forth , that Mr . Pitkethly left home on tbe 10 th of January , 1843 . This was an error . It should have been January 10 th , 1842 .

      Mr , Pitkethly also desires us to say that it is utterly out of his power to answer the numerous personal applications made to him by letter , and otherwise from parties who Eontemplate emigrating , and who thus seek for advice . His business avocations forbid it Were he to devote the whole of his time to that purpose , it would be barely sufficient ; while all the information he possesses will ba freely communicated to all through the Star . One thing he most strongly advises : tbat all who can , will suspend their arrangements for departure , till

      they have seen the dsvelopement of a nett scheme of Emigrant Colonisation , which will follow in due course of this publication : for by it , he belives , great suffering and much disappointment may be averted , and much general and individual good secured . In connection with this subject of Emigration to the States , we have received the following letter from one whose name is well known throughout both Lancashire and Yorkshire . It will be read with interest , and impart some useful information .

      New York , AprH 6 th , 1843 . TO THE EDITOS OP THE NOBTHBBN STAB , SlB , —As the tide of Emigration is about to Bet in here , a few observations upon the state of the country may not be useless . Large numbera com ? here almost pennyleas when they land ; and , as a matter of course , the labour market in the vicinity of tbe large towns becomes glutted . There is scarcely a cotton mill that has not been inundated with workmen ; and the constquatve is it has caused a material reduction in wages . In connection with this , daily improvements are being made In the machinery , such as " double decking" and " self-acting ; " this , too , has thrown numbers out of employment ; so that factories here are little better than those in England ; and , upon the

      whole , people employed in them do worse than any other trade . Still the general advantages over England are great land is cheap , provisions are cheap , and , apart front the large towns , fuel is moderate . Farmers with small capital , do better than at home ; and so do mecbanca , such as carpenters , painters , smiths , and labourers . Thousands have landed in New York , who bave returned te England in s few -weeks , giving , no doubt , very distressing accounts of tbe country ; they having passed , perhaps , the whole of their time in the city where they landed . Persons of small capital and indnstrious habits , who are struggling with tha depression tiat has taken place in trade in England , may better their fortunes considerably by emigrating to the Western . States , say Michigan ,

      Illinois , Ohio , Tennessee , and buying a small farm , puttir * " up themselves a house , in ' which they are assisted their neighbours , and obtaining employment at tbeir ade , or assisting their neighbours in getting in their crops , for the first year till they are settled . The land increases in value every year , as the place becomes more populous : and only think , Sir , of the contrast ! a man here by doing so , may secure a permanent independence for his offspring ; whilst in England he toils all his lira for a scanty subsistence , and bis . landlord's rent Still I do not advise any poor man to break up his house and home , if he is earning a living , to procure a passage here , if he has not the means to carry Mra further ; for aa I have already stated , this causes the large towns to be over-run with men seeking

      work * And when they see others similarly Bituated . they tire ; and , as a last resource , try to get home again . It may not be uninteresting to my brother Chartists to learn how thair labours to obtain their just rights are looked npon in xhis country . In the first place , the two factions . Whig and Democrat , have been hard at work abusing each other for some time past , wbich has left them very little time to attend to the sufferings of tbe brave Chartists oa the other side of tbe Atlantic . Bat the news ef your brave and manly conduct during the last struggle has caused them to look more closely into tbe cause why the industrious sons of Britain should be thus deprived of tbe only means of relieving themselves from their present degraded position , namely , the choosing ot their representatives in Parliament ; and they are now expressing themselves In language plain enough to be understood , that the cause of Chartism in

      England is the cause of justice and truth . I have no doubt the time is not far distant when pmblic opinion will be aroused in this country , and some steps taken to express their sympathy for their suffering brethren . By the way , it would be as well to remind Emigrants coming over to this country , that they will find a whole host of locusts ready to prey upon them the moment they land , in the shape of boarding house keepers , and steam boat agents . Hundreds of poor men upon landing here have been plundered by these men in the most shameful manner : as for instance , they will promise to board them for a ceitain snm , then get possession of their luggage ; the unfortunate dupe , npon calling foi his bill , finds it to amount to three or four times the ium he agreed for . Bnt he has no alternative . He must either pay or lose his luggage . Against these » frin . T ) r » it behoves the emigrant to be en hia guard .

      Trusting that the unfortunate victims of Whiggism and Toryism will soon bpj restored to tbe besom of their families , I beg to subscribe myself , Yours in the cause of democracy , WlllIAM BUTTESWOKTH .

      Untitled Article

      ^ __ THE NORTHERN STAR , f

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), April 29, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct931/page/7/