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Northern Star (1837-1852), 11th March 1843, Edition 5 of 5, Page 8

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  • Departments (1)
    • Leeds t—Ptiated tot the Proprietor FEARG^ 0C0NN0B, Esq. of Hammersmith, CounV
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      Untitled Article

      LANCASTER ASSIZES . ' fponiinued from our seventh page . J I gave yo < a notte at the Hall of Science , at MsdjkeEtet ; -iV ^*; : ' "Why ?—Ifee&nse yon add that parses had made-complaints . . - . What did I ay that parties complained of?—You lid net say . Ton said that you eonld net stor > . On one occasion at a meeting at the Hall of Science , did . I hoi teffyou to be more parflcslar in year reports , because complaints bad been made oC their iMseuracy } —Yon said I -was to report properly , became parties had complained , bat you -would not give me their names . I ) ld I not say that various complaints had been made te me by parties that yomhad made wrong reports of their speeches ?—Yon said yoa had eTery confidenca in •*»* . 3 ) 13 1 ¦¦ ¦ -. re yon to be particular in the report yoi ¦ w ere U ^ a t ^ Vinp ?—Tea .

      Can ycu bring your mind at all to * eai on the tints ¦ when you first gave information to Mr . Irwin?—I ranttoa day . Can you to a -week?—I think it 'was about the Uth cr 14 th of September . You are sure yoa are not three -&ys oat ?—I can't say . Can you be fonr?—I might be . Can yon be five days out ?—I might be . Can yoa be six days out?—I cast be more , I tMak . Were yoa in any work at that time ?—I -was xepsrt-3 ng for the NerBter * Star . How Boon after Mr . Irwin first made the application to yon dldjyon givB him any information ?—Perhaps fiom fonr to fire days . Did yoa consider yourself offended by the application K » ng made to yoa?—1 di Ait first .

      " Why were you offended at firsW—Because "Mr , Ir > Triii "was not ia tiie habit of coming near me . I thought he had taien too much , upon himself in a&kxsg me the question . Did yon state to any body that yon were ofieaded !—I dant recollect that I did . Did yon mention it to any body . to pnt them on their gnard?—I "wrote . To -whoa did you -write I—To the Evening Star . When yoa wrote to the Evening Star , did yon state £ oa £ no one had anything to communicate , and that it Was of do use Mr . Inrin asking ?—1 did not You Trill iirear that!—I wIlL After Mr . Irwin had been with you , did you write a letter announcing that fact?—1 did . Did you write a letter to mt ?—No ; not to you .

      DM you write a letter to the Editor of the Eventng Star ? Did you know that 1 was the Editor of the Evening Star?—Yes . And yeS you did not write to me ?—I wrote to the office . \ You wrote to whom you knew to be the Editor , did yonnot?—I -wrote Mr . PsrtXcm-Wa * he the editor ?—! did noi ^ direei to the editor . Did you not consider Mr . Pardon \ be editor?—No . Was the letter to him ?—It was to the Evening Star . Wa > it to me 1—Not particularly . Was it to the Editor ?—It was to the office . Do yoa mean to the house—{ laughter . ) Was there any application in it . Did jcu write tame for money to go to America , to tike yon out of lrwin ' a way?—ldidnot

      You will swear positively that you never wrote for money to take yea out ef the country , because Irwin WiS fomparing TPith yon ?—1 Will . Did yea write for money at all ?—1 did , because it was owing to me . Why yon know that 1 had nothing to do with the financial department of the Start—You told me to write to Mr . Hffl . While 1 was under yon , 1 was paid far my services And yon did not write a letter for money to take you cut of the country ? Mta -Attorney-General . —2 object to this mode Of gTMnirm ^ imi . if there is any such letter , let it be produced . Mr . O'Connor—Does the Attorney-General thinfr that there is no other way of pro-ring it ?

      The Judge—1 know of so other proper coarse bat to produce the letter . Mr . O'Connor—Then , my Lord , after I have done with the witness , I shall ask lor him to be retained . Cross-Examination resumed—Were you not in a great state ef poverty before Mr . Irwin applied to you?—J was rather short of money . Did you complain to Mr . Irwin that yon were starring ?—No . Did you borrow money from leach ?—I said that if I depended upon the Chartists , I might starve . Did you borrow money from Leach ?—No . NerfeT !—Not at that time . Did you borrow sixteen . shillings to bnry your chDdren ?—No I he paid me fifteen « hnjing » for writing a lecture .

      After the Conference you have spoken of had broken up , what did yon consider IS wao that perpetuated the disturbances ?^—A strike for wages . How much money did you receive from Mr . Irwin , prior to going before the Magistrates , at Manchester ?—2 cant say . Abont how mueh ?—Perhaps a sovereign . Wat -Qiat all you received ?—I think it was . Will you swear it was ?—I win not Win yoa swear you did not reeeive two sovereigns ? 2 will not , but 1 think 1 only received one . . Will yoa swear that you did not receive three?—Bsfore 1 gave in my deposition 1 Yes?—YeSjlwilL After yon gave in yonr depositions , and before you left Manchester , now mn ^ did you ' receive ?—Perhaps three sovereign * .

      How many Chartist meetings do you think you have attended ?—1 cant calculate them . Have you been in ihe habit el Bending the resolutions passed at those meetings for insertion in tie Northern su * r?—i ~ hsn . 1 ask you , If the general tenour of toe principal resolution has not for years past bees—" and we pledge ourselves to continue the present straggle untU the Charter becomes the law of the land ?"—It has . r You were the Secretary to Hunt ' s Monument Committee ?—1 was the paid secretary . 1 ask yon on your oath , was not Mt , Scholefi&ld , in particular , most anxious , that every thing should be given up which had the slightest tendency to bring the people into Collision with the authorities ?—! thought so .

      Did you write a letter to the Northern Star , relative to t ^*» Monument Committee ?—Perhaps Z did . Perhaps you did . Did you oi did jon not ?— "When J On the 11 th . of August Here , Sir , is a file of the 2 ierUi £ Tn Star ol the 13 th of August Is that letter yours?—It is . The officer of the Court read the letter . It was as follows : —

      " THE HUM MOJTCItEST COHHITTZE . " TOTHE CBXKXISTS OF MiSCHESTEB , I ? tt > THE SHRHOXTXDIKG Towss xiTD Villages . —The Committee appointed to gnperintend the erection of a Monument to the memory of the late Henry Hnnt , Esq . ] feel sorrow at having to inform " yon , and those other friends whe had intended to honour ns with their presence at the procession on " the 16 th of August , that after duly considering upon the present awful and truly alarming state of this district , and after every member present had given his opinion upon the matter , the following resolution was passed unanimously : —

      " That , taking all things into consideration , the committee deem it the most advisable , safe , and judicious course to be pnrsned , under the circumstances , to abandon the Proeution announced to take place on the 16 th of August ^ and that the Press be requested to insert this resolution and short address in their current pBhEeafions . " * 'The district is certainly in a very unsettled state , and the -member * of the Committee believe that if any disturbance gnimod on that day , the enemies it > Use Chartist movement would snatch at the opportunity * and throw the blame on the Committee and the Chartists generally . ' They perceive that the Manchester Guardian has already began to charge the Chartists as the originators of , and as taking part in , the disturbances already had . A charge as false as it is cowardly and malicious .

      " The meeting , respecting the Monument , will be holden on the 16 th of August , in the Rev . James Scbolefield ' s i » rial gronnd , Every-street . The ground is private property ; and the meeting will , therefore , be strictly safe and legaL The delegates are expected to be here according to previous announcement ; likewise Fesrgus ©' -Connor , Esq . The tea party and ball " winalso beholden in the evening , for which all due azrangements are being made . " la adopting Jfchis course , the committee feel that they best consult the interest and ^ afety of the Cbar-™ y ^ "Were they to go on witti the procession , and bnng * pon them the interference of the magis-QMy , iKmxU might fee the coasequgnee . i \ fe would t $ saoangered , blood spUled , jmaouxjigMeous movement geatiy ^ findaipredand setarded . W * want to obtain ^ 2 $ * &i&Xg& * ""^^

      "Sgnedon behalf of the CoHimittee , "AugustHHHS 4 J » " WJI - GMy «» , *«« tary . J »? LtZ "" ^^ ***** •» ** ««««* ^ SJSSSBSS SSSSSS Thatyonswear oa year oatt ?~ jdo . Doyoa know Hitehinaad Doolsn *—Yes . jiSSmS * " * *• '" ^^ -tStockport is S | d 3 ^ 251 ? ^^ > iicaaon t « those two nua ^ A ^ te ^**** ™** " * *^ ITp « Joar oath did yoa not propose fije establish ment of Jk » fie dub , and that yoa would preJurek sergeant to drill them?—This is the firrt hSTt ^ IJ ! ieanJ of aaeto a tiitog . »»« i ever Tie JadgB--I see no use in yonr asking an irrelevant ffPprtlCTTr - - _

      M&OXbnnoj—Why , my lord , I thought the witness would have ihe candour to admit the fact—( isagb&Bi ) . - - Do yon know a penon of the same « f Brook , -who worked fe ? Mx . Scliole £ eld t—1 da

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      On your oath , did you not tell Brook that you would be a nail in O'Connor's coffin , and that yoa had it in yonr power to destroy him ?—I did not . Nor anything of a similar nature?—Perhaps you -will allow me to explain . I said that 1 would expose you through the press , for the manner in which yoa had Bervedrae . That is for paying you your wages?—Ne : for bringing me from a situation , and then leaving as to eUrve . Did you not give me notice to leave ?—Mr . Hill « aW that tbe only failt we have to find with our exoeltent correspondent is , that h » has bees too industrion—( laughter ) . Did you , at any time , at Hargreaves ' s house , say that you would be Tevesged onin * before you died JI did sot

      Did you try to induce other parsons to give Mrformation to Mr . Irwin?—Yes . Who were they ?—Mr . Cartledge . When did you try to induce % im ?—While be was in tbe lock-cp . What did you st * te as the inducement ?—I told him that -theee -was the prospect of a long imprisonment before htm , if the ¦ charge mm pressed , and that if he thought proper , he could go into the witness box , instead of into-the duck . Did yon tell < 3 artiedge "Siat if he went into the witness box instead of the dock , the prosecution wookl

      not be pressed ?—Yes . Did you tell him who sent yon ?—I did not Would you have been adnritt A to see any other prisoner?—I should . Did you go?—I did not How did you live while you were in Ireland ? Did yon look ont for a job of - » ork ?—Idid not Did you do oae day ' s work ?—No . is it not * fact that you were in a state of the moat aoject poverty before Mr . Irwta came to you ?—Not abject poverty , for I had credit Are yom a . good Chartist?—Yes .

      Do you subscribe to the six points of the Charter ?—I do . Let me ask you a fair -question , what was the state vf Manchester , after the conference had separated ?—It was in a very excited state . What was your impression as to the disposition of tbe people generally , at the several Chartist meetings you have attended ?—Peaceable . What have been the principles which have generally indeed , J ssy nnreservedly * been inculcated on the people ?—Tending to peace . Have you heard me explain at every meeting at which you have attended , that there was no man in this world whose intentions had been bo much mis . represented as mine ?—1 have .

      1 ask yon , have you or have you not , at these several meetings , heard me tell the people , that the very moment an attempt was made to force them into a Tioiation cf the peace , from that moment their cause was destroyed ?—1 t *>'" fr 1 have heard you say something to that effect On yonr oath has not that been tbe spirit of my addresses at ail the meeting ! you have ever attended ? —Latterly , it has been so . 1 have heard you speak strong , bat not so exciting as some . But you say that the general tenour of all my speeches has been to preserve peace , law , and order . Have you heard the Northern Star , and myself , and a great many of the leaders reprobated for not sanctioning the strike ? The Attorney-General—I must object to that question . '

      Mr . O'Connor—Tbe Attorney-General charges the Northern Star with causing the strike . Here is the reporter , and I want to show yon what character tbe Northern Star has gained for itself by the course it has pursued . The Judge—The Attorney-General alluded to a particular passage in a particular paper as having that tendency . Ton cant Bet off your exhortations to peace and quiet on other occasions , as against exhortations to the contrary contained in a particular paper which tbe Attorney-General has put in . Mr . O'Connor—It is ptifectly competent for me from the 1 st of August to the 1 st of October , to put all my acts into evidence during that period .

      The Attorney-General—In my opening , 1 gave Mr . O'Connor credit for having , on various occasions , exhorted the people to quiet and peace . What 1 object to now is , that Mr . O'Connor atkt the witness if he has not beard that complaints have been made against tbe Northern Star toi having done so and bo . Anything as to Mr . O'Connor ' s general character , or the general character of his newspaper , 1 object to . Mr . O'Connor— "Very well , then , 1 dont press the question . Cross-examination resumed—Are yon acquainted with the newsvendors of Manchester ?—Not generally . Do you know when any society , or any individual , having a placard ta publish , send them to the sh ^ ps of newsvendors , for the purpose of being placed on boards for public exbibition ?—1 believe they are . How long have yoa kxown James Leach?—Two years .

      1 will venture to put a question to yon on his behalf . What is your opinion of bis character?—He i » » rei 7 honest man . Has hB at all times been opposed to violence ?—In my hearing , he has . Is he not esteemed as an excellent man byaS parties ? —1 have heard political parties speak highly of him . 1 believe yoa are aware that very angry discussions have taken place between the Corn Law Repealers and the Chartists during the last year and a half ?—Yes . Were you present on one occasion when you saw me knocked down three times , and taken out of the meeting bleeding , in consequence of a blow on tbe temple with a stone ?—1 was not present , but 1 heard the report Were you before the Magistxates , when 1 applied for protection against these parties ?—1 was not

      Is it the general feeling in Manchester , and have you sot known it for two yean , that the working classes feel that the police rendered them no protection ?—Not generally . Has it not been stated that the policemen -were tbe bludgeon men of the League ? The Attorney General—1 must object to that question . It is really out of all character . Were you at a meeting in St . Stephenson ' s-Bqnare , at which Mr . Cobden attended ?—Yes . Did you see the authorities there ?—I did . Did you see the working-people there ?—1 did .

      Did you see the police there ?—I Aid . What occurred ?—There waa a great deal of fighting , * Tlfl STOW . On Those part was the fighting ?—I did not distinguish the party , but I understand it was your own ountrymen —( Laughter . ) Why to be sure , my countrymen are famous fellows for fighting . It was they who knocked m- down—( Laughter . ) But to which party did they attach themselves . ?—I understood to the League-Did you think we were conspirators when we met 1 The Attorney-General objected to the question . Mr . O'Connor—You may go .

      By the defendant Ottey—1 have been in Sheffield once , l have not heard you speak at any meetings in Lancashire or Yorkshire . When 1 was at the Conference 1 took you for M'Arthur , the chairman . 1 know you now . The tendency of your speech was against the strike . 1 never read anything -written by you in favour of physical force . By M'Cartney 1 spent my time in Ireland in reading and -writing , and taking moderate exercise . 1 have neither hunted or fished . 1 have shot at small birds for amusement 1 have not been connected with tbe Irish police establishment I borrowed a carbine from a man who keeps a shop . He is not connected with the Irish constabulary force . 1 do not think there was tbe slightest anticipation of a strike throughout the country at the time the Conference was called together ; at least it never came to my knowledge . 1 thought that particular care was taken at the Conference to see that every delegate had been legally and properly elected

      by the meeting he professed to lepresent The reason why 1 said that 1 would not tell in whose hand writing the corrections of the Executive Committees' address were , was because 1 did not know . The barrister said «• You must tell , " and then 2 said "Well , then , 1 think it is Mr . Cartledge ' s" 1 remember having a conversation with Campbell , one of the defendants . 1 did not say to him that there were some ^ Chartists in whom 1 could place no confidence . 1 attended some of the trade ' s delegates meeting in Manchester . 1 have heard it remarked that when the first meeting of the trades delegates took place , that the excitement in tbe town of Manchester was beginning to subside . I never said so myself . I think tbe tendency of the Trades' Meetings was to keep up the agitation . I did not think they had a tendency to repress the disturbances . I remember visiting you in prison , and sympathising with you , and also congratulating you on your liberation . I accompanied you to the railway . We adjourned to a tavern .

      Witness—Z would ad-vise yoa not to go inte that because it -will injure yourself . Defendant—At the time you were shaking hands with me , and congratulating me on my liberation , had you not given that information on the strength of which I was again arrested . Witness—Not officially . A little Information had been given , I told you so when I was at Manchester . By Sir F . Pollock—At the meeting of delegates , Mr . Scholefield brought in information that Turner the printer , had been arrested . I have been out of the way because the Star and British Statesman were condemning me . Information was brought to me at Manches ter , that if I appeared in the witness box , I should be assassinated . The summoning of the Conference had

      nothing to do with reference to Hunt ' s monument There wasnothingdiscuBsedatthe conference but the resolutions and the address which I have mentioned . There was nothing said abont settling differences . All the dis--eBssion related to the Charter a * d the strike . There was nothing said respecting Hunfs Monument . 1 took a note of Mr . O'Connor ' s speech si tile Conference , 1 did act take a verbatim report of the speech , bat the spint at it The substance of it was to alter the word Iv * f !!!? t ? d" to " WPton . " and to take advantage of the stoke , because the tradm had joined , and would be t ££ ? " ^ Uary - He "" J sned as a reason that it ^^ f *? » % 1 ^ a 1 ' aodjrade the Jaw in the case of the failure of the strike . Mr . John Hanley examined by Sir G . Jiewin—^ Mr . Dnndas—Have you not been in conrt during the

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      .- i r ~ ' . ¦ Witness- -1 liave , by the permission of your Lordship . Examto ed—In the month of August last , 1 was a reporter // or the Manchester Guardian . Oh the 15 th of August , a meeting of the trades' delegates was h « ld at the S '/ wrwood Inn , Tib-street , Manchester . It was convfflsed by a placard . Alexander Hutchinson was in the . ifltiair . There were a number of" persens called " BCTttlneers . " They examined the credentials of the various delegates , before they "were admitted into the room . After that , an adjournment was moved to Carpenter ' s HalL 1 went there . The chair was taken at one o ' clock by Hutchinson . M'Cartney , John Leach , of Hyde , George Candalett , Augustas Frederick Taylor , Savid'Mbrrison , William Woodruff , and Alfred

      Wolfenden , were there . A man named Duffy spoke . The character of his speech was that the anti-Corn . Law League were the originators of the disturbance . He moved a resolution to the effect—that the delegates now assembled view with the greatest indignation a proclamation to the inhabitants of Manchester , in the name of the constituted authorities , and that as representing the great' mass of tbe working classes , they feel themselves called upon to express their firm determination to stand up for their constitutional right of discussing all matters Id which they consider their interests involved . They recommend every man to apply to the constituted authorities to be sworn in as special constable * , such a course affording the best proof of their disposition to

      preserve peace , law , and order . ' This amendment was seconded by M'Cattney , and the consideration of it adjourned until the delegates had made their report There was a tea-party , at Carpenter ' s Hall , on the 16 th . I know Mr . James Scholefield . When I got there he was addressing the meeting . He told the assemblage " that their day waa coming , and - when it did come , it would come with a vengeance . " He called upon them to enjoy themselves , an * to remember the occurrences of twenty-three years ago . He then left the meeting . At tbe meeting , at the Hall of Science , the Bame day , a resolution was moved by Benjamin Stott , recommending to all trades' societies " that from henceforth they make political discussions lawful and necessary in their assemblies , and that they embody , in their rules , a law for the adoption of this great principle . " This was

      seconded by a person named Higginbottem , but , ultimately withdrawn . The next resolution was moved by William Stott , to the effect " that an immense majority of the delegates were in favour of the Charter , and that in conformity with that opinion it was at that stage of the proceedinga necessary that a definite decison should be come to relative to the future course of action , to be immediately adopted by the werking classes , stating definitely whether labour be farther suspended or again resumed . " Joseph MainwariDg then moved a resolution to the effect , — " That the delegates here assembled recommend the people to take all legal means to carry the People ' s Charter j and that they issue an address approving of the strike ; and that they stop work uutil it becomes the law of the land . " Frederick Taylor , from Roy ton , seconded the resolution . He was sometimes called

      Frederick Augustus Taylor . By Mr . Baines—1 stood upon the platform near to Mr . Ssbolefield . By M'Cartney—1 have been reading from print , cut ont of the Mauchesler Guardian , but 1 have my original notes with me . 1 recollect your moving a resolution at the Hall of Science on the following day , that aa there was no dependence to be placed on tbe newspaper press , they might as well admit the public . No auch resolution wa « proposed at the Carpenter ' s Hall . It was not my duty , as reporter foi the Manchester Guardian , to take a verbatim report of tbe speeches , because 1 knew that the editor would not allow full reports . It was my duty to give a fair expression of what was done , and not of what was said . So many speakers

      uttered tbe same thing , that 1 could put in four or five lines what bad been done in six hours—( laughter ) . As far as 1 can recollect the general tenonr of the speeches was to inculcate the preservation of property , the preservation of the peace , and respect for the constituted authorities , so far as they acted legally . The meeting of the 16 th broke up in a quiet and orderly manner . 1 was at the beginning of the meeting at Carpenters' Hall , on the following day . The general character of the speeches delivered there were not to hold proper ty sacred . Candelett recommended the people to go to the hills and take the crops into their possession , and live on them . 1 dont remember that this recommendation was reprobated by the meet ing . 1 think he waa not turned out ; if he bad , I should have noticed the fact

      The witness here read bis notes of what Candelett had said , on which , the Judge expressed it as bis opinion that the language did not bear oat the construction which bad been put npon it by Mr . Hanley . Cross-examination resumed—The chairman objected to leave the meeting at Carpenter ' s Hall , on tbe ground that the magistrates had no anthority to interfere with tbem . Daring the ten minutes allowed them in which to disperse , they passed the resolutions 1 have alluded to . The Attorney General said he now proposed to call

      some witnesses to speak to what occurred after the 17 th and 18 th August MatUiew Marsden , examined i » y air . Htiajrara—l am constable of Aabton . 1 was at tbe Town Hall , oil Thursday , the 18 th of August A mob came there armed with sticks . 1 know Robert Lee . He was heading the mob . They went to Mr . Barrowa ' a , new buildings . There were some bricklayers and labourers at work . The superintendent refused to allow tbe men to be taken away . A riot ensued , and the men ultimately desisted from work . The Riot Act was read .

      By Johnson , a defendant—1 mean by a riot , there « rasa general disturbance . The mob brandished their sticks , and said they didn't care a d either for the riot act or the magistrates . They told the bricklayers that if they did not come down from the scaffold they would fetch them . By . William Woodruff , defendant—1 don't know that any person was injured before the Riot Act was read . Samuel Newton , examined by Mr . Pollock—1 was at Ashton , on the 18 th of August last 1 wsb at Hulme ' s mill on tkat day . 1 remember a number of persons coming thereabout ten o ' clock in the forenoon . 1 should think at that time there were 300 came together . They had sticks and other weapons . The mill was at work

      when they came . The mob desired tbe master and overlooker to stop the works . The latter said that the muter was not present , and he could no nothing . As the people -were going away , they said , " We have not force enough here , lei us go to fetch tbe others . " They returned in about two hours after . 1 should think there would be 900 then . They walked to the mill , and then the hands turned out . After that they wanted the young master to promise that the works should not start again . He replied that so long as their hands were willing to work , the mill must run . The mob then raked out the fires from under the boilers , and some of them called out to pull tbe plugs away so as to let the water out . One plug and one fire was drawn , and the eoldisia then came np and dispersed the mob . , James Whittam examined by the Attorney-General —I live at Carlton , about ten miles from Colne , and two

      miles from Skipton . On the 16 th of August , a mob of 2 . 000 or 3 , 000 came to Skipton . They stopped the works of Mr . Dewhutat and Mr . Sed&wick . The latter made resistance for an hour or better . Tbe mob got a reinforcement and overpowered Mr . Sedgwick'a people . They turned out the hands , and stopped the boilers . I know James Mooney . He lives at Colne . He told me about having been to the Conference at Manchester , as a delegate . He said they were broken up at the Carpenter ' s Hall , and then they went to Mr . Soholefield ' s place . He further informed me that a few met afterwards at Chatmoas . He said they -were well prepared , and that if anybody had gone there to break them up , they would have repelled them force to force . He told me that , they bad four double-barrelled gona , and tveo or three single-barrelled ones . Tbis was ¦ aaid at tbe end of August Nobody was with us when the conversation took place .

      By Mr . M'Oubray . —1 was once a Chartist myself . 1 am a weaver , and am in employment now . 1 have a respect for the laws . 1 never sold tea in my life . Charles Plarack examined by Mr . Wortley—In Aug . last , I was employed as a designer to Messrs . Wankliu , at Ashton . On tbe 18 th of August a mob came and turned out the hands . We returned to work on the following day , but they turned us out again . We then remained out till the S 2 ud . On the 24 th , the mob came again . Upwards of 400 or 400 came to tbe rates , and there were thousands about The gates were fastened , and they broke them down . They tbrew stones into the engine house , and a number got into the wheels . The Magistrates and special constables came up while this was going on , and they were stoned by the same parties .

      Grattan M'Cabe , examined by Sir Gregory Lewin—I am & police superintendent at Burnley . 1 apprehended Beesley . one of the defendants , on the 3 rd of September . 1 found a printed paper upon him . 1 now produce it The officer of the Conrt read the paper . It was a resolution approving of the continuance of the " struggle" until the Charter should become a legislative enactment . By Mr . O'Connor—1 did not attend a meeting of shopkeepers at Blackburn , adopting the People ' s Charter . 1 did not hear yoa speak at Burnley . 1 bad ' other speeches reported but not yours . It was top difficult . The procession through the town was quite contemptible . We bad been led to expect a very formidable procesaJ en , and tbe police were prepared for them . When we saw that the number waa so very small , we did not take any further notice of them . i

      Mr . Issechar Thorp examined by Mr . Hildyard—I am a manager of the bleach works of Messrs . Nelld , at Stalybridga Oar works had been stopped . I understood that there was a body in Stalybridge who granted licenses to renew work . I went to the plaee at which they were represented to meet , and saw a number of persons there . I communicated the object I had in wishing to meet the committee . I told them that we wanted the power to work up the cloth , which was in process of bleaching . In consequence of what was said , I went to the Moulders' Arms . A small piece of paper was produced purporting to grant permission to renew work .

      The paper was pat in and read . It was as follows : — " We , the Committee of Stalybridge , think it our duty to allow yon every protection in oar power to finish the

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      pieces already la danger , but we will not go beyond that point . " " On behalf of the Committee , " To the Dukinfield Bleach Works . " After 1 received that paper , oar mill was allowed to work until we had finished the pieces then in process of manufacture , when the works ceased and stopped for seven ox eight 4 ayW By Mr . O'Connor—1 do not fcnow what Committee 1 went to—whether it wasthecommitieeof public safety" or not Mr . Peter Jamison examined by the Attorney-Goneral —I am a tailor / and live at Sialybridge . My men Were

      turned out 1 bad orders for mourning ; after thatl went to a public house at Stalybridge , to get permission for the men to make the mourning . The first time 1 went 1 saw Fenton Mid Durham , two of the defendants . They said that they had business of importance to attend to , and 1 must come again . 1 afterwards received apiece of paper from-one of my men , for per mission to work , in a day or two , two persona came to tbe bouse to see whether we were making mourning or not They found a coloured jacket which a man had been repairing , and they remarked that that was not mourning . My wife suggested that the men Bhould take the work home , in order that there might be no

      disturbance . William Barker , examined by the Attorney-General —l was in the employ of Mr . Jamieson , in August last 1 remember going te the Moulders' Arms , in Stalybridge , to present my master ' * compliments to the committee , to ask permission to make mourning for a funeral , in order that we might bdow it to the mob . 1 received a small piece of paper which 1 did not read , and gave it to my master . By Mr . O'Connor—Have yoa ever had any quarrel with your master ? Witness—No . Have yon ever been charged with any offence by him ?—No , not by him . Who then?—Some of the men charged me with taking two or three " rags '' from tbe ehopVoard , but they couldn't prove it Why , what did you take the rags tor ?—To put in my hat , to carry a small bundle on .

      What , was your head saft ?—( laughter ) . —1 put ' em into carry some swill on—( laughter ) . What sort of awill ?—Swill for pigs . Was it yonr own swill ?—Was it yoar's ?—( laughter ) . It waa bought and paid for . Now , these rags . What were they ?—The other men said they were " spare trimmings ''—( laughter . ) Is that what yoa call eabhige ?—( great laughter ) . — No , nowt so good—( laughter ) . But your master being a " swell , ' * you wanted something soft on which to carry the swilli—1 defy you or any other man to charge me . Were you threatened to be brought before the Magistrates for it ?—l was threatened to be brought before an attorney . But you see 1 am not brought to justice yet . No , you are brought to justice now , and as you have got before the Attorney-General , you may go down—( laughter ) .

      By the Attorney General—1 was never charged by my master with any offence . 1 am not in hia employ

      now . Mr . George Roberta , book-keeper to Messrs . Potter , of the Dinton Vale bleach works , Duckenfield ; and Henry Roberts , in the service of Messrs Robinson , bleachers , Duckenfield , were called to prove that they had received a license from a committee of operatives , to enable the above firms to resume their operations . At tbe conclusion of the exeinination of tbe last-mentioned witness , Tbe Attorney-General rose and said 1 am extremely happy , my Lord , to tell you that the case for the prosecution is closed .

      The Judge called the Attorney-General ' s attention to the case , and to the indictment , especially as to the counts for riot As to some of the defendants there was no evidence at all ; as to others there was evidence of their being present in assemblages with sticks , [ hi . ; and as to others there Was no evidence of such acts ; but there was evidence as to their assembling as delegates . The Attorney-General—In a case of misdemeanour it is not fit all necessary that all defendants should be convicted on one count .

      Tbe Judge—1 tbink you can't have an indictment for a misdemeanour , in which you charge A and B for stealing money , arid then for an assault , and find A guilty of one offence , B of another , and C of a third . Attorney-General—My Lord , 1 will state what did occur before Lord Denman when I remember taking precisely the same objection as that now stated by your Lordship . Some persons were charged with a conspiracy , some with obtaining money , and some with obtaining false evidence . In that case some of the defendants were convicted on one count , and some on another . Lord Denman ruled that it was ^ perfectly competent , in case

      of misdemeanour to indict for a riot and assault , if there were two counts . This rule was acted npon , and a number of the defendants were convicted on the first count , and some on the second . And I think , my Lord , that this furnishes a striking illustration of tbe importance of the principle . One of the counts in this indictment i » ' «* a riot . Your Lordship knows that a riot is essentially different from an unlawful meeting , and the punishment is different I take that some of these defendants might be found guilty of riot I dont mean to say that any such charge can exist against Mr . Scholefleld .

      Mr . Dandas—The Attorney-General opened hla speech in this w iy . He said the question was , whether the defendants had unlawfully conspired together to bring about a change in the Constitution by taking advantage of the late strike . We , on the part of the defendants , understood that that was to be the question in this case . I understood that if these parties were to be convicted , tkey were to be convicted for the same offence ; 1 understood that that was acquiesced in by the- Attorney-General . Tho Attorney-General—l beg my Learned Friend ' s pardon , l did not acquiesce in any such thing . Mr . Duudas—Surely then , the Attorney-General ought to have stated that he intended to depart from the course which he chalked out in his opening . The Judge—What he now says is , that it is competent for him to find the defendants guilty of separate offences .

      Mr . Wortley—So far from acquiescing in the coarse pointed out by tbe other side , 1 said 1 could not then discuss the question . Now my Lord , 1 beg to call your lordship ' s attention to a case which 1 think especially applies , and which was tried before Mr . Justice CreBSwoll , at Liverpool . The nuns ot the defendant waa Kelly , and the indictment was something very similar to the one now under discussion . There was a count for a conspiracy , a riot , and for an unlawful assemblage . There was no evidenoe of a conspiracy . Then as to the riot There was a large meeting held at Ashton , amounting to an illegal assemblage . The mob

      proceeded to a mill in a body , and there was a riot At the first flash of the cose , Mr . Justice Cresswell was of opinion that two ssparate transactions must be referred to , in order to allow one set of the defendants to be convicted on one count and seme on another . We shewed his Lordship , however , that tbe transaction was all one , by tracing tbe mob from one place to another , and thus we obtainedJSkjeonviction of riot against some , and against otheijflfiltt unlawful assem-The Attorney-General—I can assure you , my Lord , that this indictment has been carefully framed with a view to that ; same object

      The Judge—But is it not a great hardship against the defendants , if they do not know to what charge to direct their attention , when they come to defend themselves ? l mean those who do not appear by Counsel . The Attorney General—1 will put a case , my Lord . 1 will suppose that there are a number of persons outside Manchester , and they join those inside the town , for some purpose or other . They divide themselves , one part going in one direction , and another in another , and each party doing certain acts , one exceeding

      In . magnitude the other . 1 think yoa might indict them along With others who took a subordinate share in those transactions , and by proper counts you might include them all in one indictment Mr . Sergeant Murphy—Your Lordship will perceive that all the defendants are charged with conspiring together . Supposing it should appear that twelve persons conspired together to cause a cessation from labour , in order to effect an advance of wages , and that twelve others were to conspire to effect a change in the law . Shall-it be said that the former are to

      be convicted because the others took advantage of the strike . The Judge—The only thing which staggers me is tbe case quotad by Mr . Wortley . 1 don't see that there is anything unreasonable in the proposition which has just been submitted by the Attorney-General ; but in this indictment , the defendants are indicted for a conspiracy to cause riots ; and another for the perpetration of riots , which are perfectly distinct acts . Mr . Dandas—Yes , and met by different punish * meats .

      The Judge—I have a record to deal with , and 1 don't know how to get at it , but by taking the opinion of the jury on each case * Some of the defendants are in tbe last indictment , who are not in the first , and some are in the first who are not in the last 1 feel considerable doubt whether any judgment could be got in euch a record . There is no doubt that it is the commonest thing in the world that where a party is charged with a felony , he make bis election , and 1 confess 1 don't see the difference between a felony and misdemeanour , on such a subject The difficulty is , that the defendants will have great difficulty in knowing which charge is intended to hit them . The Attorney-General—That which appears to your Lord 8 hipto be a difficulty , has been very well considered by those who baire advised the Crown .

      The Judge—As the Attorney-General says that much discussion baa taken place upon this point , my view of the case may be erroneous . All 1 can do , however , is this—if there ia no count abandoned 1 most take a verdict on each . The AttorneyGeneraV—Then , my Lord , I will at once abandonrtbe count for riet Mr . O'Connor-rCome Mr . Attorney-General , abandon the whole thing with a good grace—( laughter . ) The Judge—That implies the four last counts . The Attorney-General- ^—Your LordBhip knows there is ah obvious reason . The Judge—That exonerates all the defendants . The Attorney-Geaeral—Your Lordship is aware that the punMrneut in oases of riot is different , and

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      may proceed to a length to which I have no desire to expose some of the defendants , against whom that charge cannot be sustained . . The Judge—I think you will see , that that applies to all the last fonr counts . [ The Judge read the seventh count , and referred to the sixth . } The Attorney-General—1 will take any coarse your Lordship thinks right . Tbe Judge—I confess I think you will do mnch wiser to abandon the last four counts , which really relate to actual riot , of which , as against the bulk of the defendants , there is no evidence at all . The Attorney-General—My Lord , I put Mr . Soholefield ; forward as a prominent instance of one of the defendants who waa eertainly not within that : and it is but fair to say , that I should not propose , or at all desire , to deal so very differently with some , as compared with others of the defendants , as to expose them to punishment so very different .

      The Judge—The question we may take to be in the five first counts—are all there conspiring to cause an alteration in the laws and constitution , by making the people cease from labour , or inciting them to do it , which will be nearly the same thing I Then , as to the'fifth count , I have some doubt whether that does strictly charge the defendants— \ his lordship read the count]—with conspiring not to do anything by violence , bat merely to persuade the people to cease from labour . I know there are different opinions in very high quarters as to whether that constitutes a crime or not . It then becomes a question whether you will confine them to the first tour counts . Therefore we may consider the riot as entirely out of the question . The Attorney-General assented ; but added—X do not think the sixth and seventh counta involve an actual rioti

      The Judge—No ; they do not . Yoa may ohoose to go on with them ; but it seems to me very desirable to limit the number of counts as much as possible ; and I think you will find that , substantially , the first four counts compromise all . The Attorney-General asked to see the indictment , and'jat this time the jury retired for a few minutes to take refreshment . After their return , the Attorney-General intimated that the Judge would give him till the nest morning to consider what course he would adopt , and therefore he would only say now , that he abandoned all charge of riot against the defendants . The Judge—That leads us substantially to know what you will do ; and I think , if not in point of form , at least in substance , that limits it to the offences as charged in the early counts . There is conspiring ; and inciting to desist from work , and by seditious placards , &c , with intent to bring abont a change in the laws and constitution .

      The Attorney-General—I believe that the offence of riot subjects the parties convicted of it to hard labour . I j have no desire to make any distinction between one set of persons and another , with respect to any thing of that eort ; and I beg that that may be distinctly understood . ( Other placards , including that headed " Run for gold , " were put in , and taken as read . ) At half-past two o ' clock , Mr . Dunda * then rose , and said that the case for the prosecution' having now closed , the Attorney-General , in his discretion , calling no more witnesses on ( be part of the , indictment which he was thereto sustain , it became his ( Mr . Dandaa ' s ) duty to present himself before them , as counsel for Robert Brooke , one of the

      defendants , ; and to state t » the Jury fairly , as a freeman ought , what were the grounds on Which he said not guilty to this charge . But before he proceeded to enter into this case , iatlow him to remind them , as in common conscience to the other defendants , he ought to remind them , that he appeared but for Robert Brooke alone , that the other defendants were Borne of them represented by learned friends of bis , whom he rejoiced in having associated with him in this work of privilege , defending those persons whose interests were entrusted to their charge ; and- others of tbe defendants appeared there by themselves to receive at the bands of tbe Jury , upon what they might say for themselves , that fair and liberal construction , which he had not the slightest doubt they

      would pay to the humblest of them all , as much as if he were represented by a gentleman , the highest in bis profession , | whom he had the honour of sitting by at that moment . He would add one more fact , whfca he trusted { the Jury , from the beginning to the end , would bear in mind—that each and all of the defendants , though they were : joined in one common charge in this indictment , stood severally on their own deliverance , and therefore their charge was not in the first place against them , all , but it was , in the first place , with respect to each , to see whether , by the force of truth—by that necessity which ought to weigh on jaat-minded men , they found themselves compelled by what waa given in evidence to find any : one of the defendants guilty on this

      indictment . Having made these preliminary observations , which he trusted tbe jury would not think ill-timed , he would , with their permission , proceed t » say something on behalf « f his client They would remember that in the calm and formal opening of this case , which was made by the Attorney-General on tbe previous Wednesday morning , that the name of bis client , Brooke , never transpired—that although he ( Mr . * Dandas ) sat , lenging and wasting to know upon what grounds Robert Brooke was to be found guilty of this charge , from the opening of tbe address to tbe close of it , he never had his attention pointed to it at alL He did not complain , i He did not complain of tbe want of candour on the part of his learned Friend . The multiplicity of the defendants made it no such easy matter for a man to

      point to particular evidence applicable to each . But he did find this difficulty , and he had found it not only a grievance , i but a very considerable burden , that he had not from the first an opportunity of knowing what was the particular charge to be preferred against his' client , and upon what species ] of evidence it was that a conviction was sought at their bands . He knew by the indictment the nature of the charges thai were going to be brought against Brooke , but whence Cold them -that that indictment contained nine counts , many of them of a different sort from tbe other , they would easily perceive that it did open the door , to a certain degree , to vague and undefined accusations , if the Crown did not make a particular count fit against the defendants . See what was the consequence of this .

      The Attorney-General , in his opening , put the issue on this single point . He charged the defendants that , by large assemblages , they had endeavoured , by force , threats , and intimidation , to breed such alarm in the country as [ to produce a change in some of the great features of the Constitution . That was the general charge which the Attorney-General bad heaped npon all the defendants , and against his client , a poor , lame man , living at Todmorden , was all the strength of tbe Crown to be borne down by this single issue ? He ( Mr . Diiud&s ) on the put of that poor man , was there to say that he bad dene no such thing ; that he had intended to do no such thing ; but that bis intention and act , if they took the whole evidence , which touched him at all , was to induce the people who were out on strike to

      adopt tbe principles of the Charter . And he would say , in the presence of the Court , that that was quite a different thing from saying , that by threats and intimidation , he sought to breed such alarm in tbe country , as to produce a fundamental change in some points of the constitution . The object of bis client was to induce the people , by reasonable means—by such means as when they came to apply their minds to the evidence , they would say these means were , to adopt the Six Points of the Charter . What was the strike ? and t&en they would , see what was the Charter . He ( Mr . Dandas ) would say , that if the men were out on strike , and if he were a Chartist , be contended that he might take advantage of the circumstance to induce those men I to accomplish that which by legal

      enactment only ] could be accomplished , and which they thought Would cure the mischief that had brought the strike ( about . He knew that this was a bold proposition ; but one which , in a free country , a free man had aj right to make , and on the part of his client he was prepared to abide by it , and to show that beyond that be had no intention , by force , by threats , and by intimidation , to do anything that might induce the people -who were out on strike , to come into the principles of the Charter . If he had sought by , bayonet , by pistol , and violence of that kind , to bring about the Charter , no doubt it would have been illegal ; but they would | find that he had done no such thing . It was by moral and not by physical force that he had endeavoured to implant the principles of the Charter .

      He would j now ask them what was the strike ? All those ] who lived in this county would remember ( the beginning and origin , very likely , of the differences between the workmen and their masters . He was not there curiously to dive into the particular causes which brought about the disagreements jbetween the working men and their masters . It was enough for him that the working classes , in different puts ] of the count *? , were extremely dissatisfied with their wages , that they were , whether well or ill founded , ander the impression that their wages were about to be still farther reduced , and , consequently , they did that which by law they were entitled to do , assemble together , and under the law in that behalf , consider for themselves that question which had again

      and again met the ears of the Jury in the course of this inquiry—whether for a fair day ' s work they could not have a fair ] day's wage . By law , every working man had a right ] to sell his labour to the best advantage , and that as the masters were protected , so were the mea , and that aa the masters might combine to see what wages they would give , so might the working men combine to see what wages they really Would accept from their masters . Every man might meet ; to do this thing without any fear of consequences . The « th of Geo . IV . c . 129 , made in July , 1825 , fully bore him out in this particular . Tbe 4 fch section of that act specially provided that it should

      not" extend to subject any persons to punishment who should meet together for the sole porpoise of considering the rate of wages or the prices which the persons then present , shall require for bis or her work . " There was a protection to every person . Every working man , whether wisely } or unwisely , whether reasonably or unrea sonably dissatisfied , had a fall right , under the sanction of this lawj to meet his fellow workmen , and to consider in what manner they might bring about a better rate of wages . The Jury would find that at alt those meetings , which were alluded to before what was called the invasion of Manchester ( although he was not gong to defend any violence oc intemperance of i

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      language or conduct , ) that the object was a discussion : ^ of . wages , though very often / tfce Charter jSupervened . Did any : man doubt that tie original object of thefe ; meetings was to effi ^ a better remuneration for labour and that they thought , whether reasonably or ho , he Would not stop to inquire , that their wages wonlj - remain in their then state of depression , until the enact * ment of the Charter had been accomplished ? . He ( Mj Dandas ) was no Chaitiat , but he differed immensely - ' with many persons who thought that the Charter coa . ^ tamed nothing of truth . He had strong opinions hr politics , but he never looked upon a man as a bad sub . jeefc , who differed with him in some fundamental prla ^ dple . He had lived to see somo of those opinions ; which , in hia youth , were reprobated as bad , as here .

      tical , and dangerous , adopted by Vie very people whose language was ever readily employed in besmearing those who dare to indulge them , ami in denouncing them as open enemies to tha , constitution . One of the points of tha Charter was the Vote by Ballot Who did not nmemi ber that twenty yean ago , any person advocating the ballot , would have been put down by the common coo .: sent of all patties , asa madman , whereas now , it was impossible to go into any company or society , in which this much maligned mode of toting did not find defeat dera . He knew that many honest and weU meaning men were opposed to the ballot , aa he knew that many had yielded a reluctant assent to the principlesof ta * constitution , as it now existed . If there was truth ia

      a principle , it would sooner or later establish itself , { q spite of all the opposition that might be raised against it It seemed as if a man who sought any change at all , was to be looked on by some parties as dangeron * and who wished to upset the constitution , as though Is had no idea that by moral means he might put forth hf « views and take advantage of the generally expressed opinion of the country . * Now , the strike , as he had . before said , was upon wages . His client was aCuartitt He thought among ether things , that it was net neces sary that members of Parliament should have any qm . lification while sitting there . He ( Mr . Dtmdai ) should , be a very unworthy Scotsman , if he were to say that he did not think that that was a very bad lav . There were fifty-six members for Scotland , and not

      one of them had a property qualification at all , so that there were some things in tbe Charter that Were not so ridiculous and reprehensible as some parties seemed to be disposed to think . Now , then , there being a strife the men who composed it thought they never woolj be better off till they obtained the Charter ; and he would say that a Chartist had a right to say to those parties who were discontent with their wages , if lav , fully discontented ,- — " 1 approve your remaining out of work until the Charter shall become the law of the land . " He would now ask to carry back the recoliee . tions of the Jury for a moment to what was the con . ditioa of the ceuntry , from the beginning of July m to the end of August In different parts of the country there were thousands of persons out of work . He

      believed they bad it in evidence that , some of thesa parties could not get into work again , —that whet&a it was true or false of many , it certainly was hug of one or two millownera , that tkey intended to close their works for a month , and they would not take into t&eLf employment the men who applied for work . The Jon would find that there was no great disapproval on the part of the shopkeepers of those parties who weraoa tbe strike , but they would find that they were taught to believe that it would be a good thing for them , « well as for the working classes themselves , if tin Charter could be constitutionally enacted , and , therefore , those persons who were Chartists—he was not now defending their intemperance—sought to accomplish that object , and'from the very moment at which

      they first found his client in tbe field , they would find that all he asked for waa a fair day ' s wage for a fait day's work , and until they could obtain that to remain out Of work . He ( Mr . Dandas ) maintained that thli was perfectly legal . But although the views of some of these men on Chartism were ao very strong , what hap . pened ? It was a most astonishing thing that so many persons should be in so many different parts of the conn * try , should be under no particular leader , bat onda some benign in&nence which he supposed must be called a love of " peace , law , and ord r , " though they broke peace here , and did not keep order there , —yet generally under some such influence , they were ont of work for . many and many a day , they congregated in great numbers without doing any great violence to

      person or property . His Learned Friend , the Attorney General , had given his full admiration to these parties , and he ( Mr . Dandas ) firmly believed that tbis could not have happened in any other country , that thousands of persons should be in the greatest necessity ' , and yet d > no act ot violence to life , and that , acts ot rt > lence , committed for their own personal gain , were almost nothing at all—when they saw this , h& repeated that it was a most surprising and astonishing thing , and he could not help wondering at the conduct of those men , who , under no guidance tut that of " peace , law , and order , * which the Attornty-General had said were words only put into their mouths—that this large body of men should hare been so long on the face of the country , and no violence ,

      or scarcely any , offered to the Jife , limb , or property of any individual . However , the people got into Manchester , and he would take the Jury from the time when Manchester was first spoken of on the 9 th of August , when a great meeting was held at Ashton , and when the people were going into Manchester , where there was to be a meeting of delegates .. What was the evidence on this part of the transaction ? Where Were the people to go to ? Why , they had the evidence of Turner to show , that Pilling , one of the defendants , had said that be- wished to go with the body of the people , to meet the masters , as the masters would not meet them , to obtain a fair day's wage for a fair day's work , and not to be satisfied until they got the Charter . Some mills were stopped ,

      but no further damage was done by this large body who marched into Manchester . Bsfore this time , there could be no doubt that the Chartists intended to have a great meeting , in Manchester , on the 16 th or 17 tuof August , on several grounds . First , there bad been some falling out in the body , and they thought it desirable to have a meeting oC delegates , bo that they should in some way or other , settle these things among themselves ; to take their organization ( for they bad a right to be organized , if they kept the peace ) into consideration , in order to see whether it required alteration . Secondly , those persons were to meet as delegates , were to celebrate the I 6 th of August , the day when Mr , Hunt ' s monnment was to be fairly opened to the puBlic . Well , Mr . Brooke was appointed a delegate to this

      Conference , Was there anything illegal in this ? He apprehended that there was none whatever . The fist notice they had of his client was the evidence of hia having been seen at the Conference , at Manchester , on the 17 th of August , in Mr . Schplefield ' B chapeL If they took the evidence of Cartledge and Griffin , bottt of whom had been put forward on the other tide as parties who must know the truth , they weald find that that Conference was wholly irrespective of any turn out in different parts of the counts There could be no doubt that for weeks and weeks this Conference had been originated before the strike took place- Cartledge bad said that he was a delegate at the meeting , and that he did not intend to do anything illegal , but that on the con-Chartiat

      trary , the Conference was met to consider the agitation , and the celebration of the opening of HunW monument They bad the evidence of Griffin to tM same fact , that the meeting of delegates was projects before the strike , and he had stated the objects of the Conference to be the same . But was Mr . Hants moon ment a reasonable thing that the delegates should meet at Manchester on the J 6 th of Angust , or was it only aa excuse for their being there ? Why , they had the : endene © of most respectable parties to shew that tot years past there had been an assemblage of the people at Manchester ov that day . Mr . M'Mullm , an Inspector of Police , had seen these assemblages—that m 8 year before last he witnessed an asseniblaga of 2 , 000 persons in honour of the memory of Mr . Hunt ; an <*

      that on the last 16 th of August , a similar manifestation was intended . But was this gathering to be the means of breaking up all the leading interests of Manchester , ia order to bring about the enactment of the Charter , and thus to upset the Government ? Now the announce ment of the procession was placarded » 11 over Manches ter , and then arose the strike . What was done ? Why it the people had desired tooverJurn the Constitution , ^ break the peace , or to upset the civil government of Manchester , as was alleged by the Learned Counsel m the other aide , would it have been believed that finding the exsitemenV which prevailed , they issued a placard * giving the people to understand that t&e monnmenl

      would not be opened on the I 6 ih of August , for 1 ™* that any breach of the peace should occur ? On tne 15 tb of August , there came out an annouBcemeKi stating that in consequence of the unexpected excitement occasioned by the turn-out for wages , the proce * sion in honour of Mr . Hunt ' s monument would nptta » . place . That waa a reasonable announcement , whica ^ W authorities saw with their own eyes , andif tnera ^ J any meaning in language , it must , be taken tb > t--tWj placard was issued by the Chartist body , and iDteno 6 * by them to keep the peace and to promote order intM » part of her Majesty's dominions . Now , some-oft " parties who had a right to talk about their wages ,

      conducted themselves in a very tumultuous manner , o ^ still the meeting of delegates took place . Brook * W » appointed delegate far Todmorden , and he went *** " ? meeting of Conference . What happened ? - ™ ( Continued in our first page .

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      Middlesex , by JOSHUA HOBSON , at hia m ^ ing Offices , Noa . 12 and 13 , Market-street , Briggate ' and Published by the said Joshua BobsW ifor the said Feargds O'COSmob . ) at his pw * ling-house . No . 6 , Market-afreet , Briggate , - Jl internal Cemmunication existing between the W No . 6 , MarkeUtreet , and the said Nos . 12 «» 13 , Market-street , Briggate , thus constituting *?; whole of the said Printing and Publishing 6 ^ one Premises . ' ' All Communications must be addressed , Post-paid , » Mr . Hobson , Northern Sto Office , Leeds . ( Saturday , March 11 * 18 * 3 . )

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      8 THE NORTHERN STAR , ; ' |

      Leeds T—Ptiated Tot The Proprietor Fearg^ 0c0nn0b, Esq. Of Hammersmith, Counv

      Leeds t—Ptiated tot the Proprietor FEARG ^ 0 C 0 NN 0 B , Esq . of Hammersmith , CounV

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), March 11, 1843, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct925/page/8/