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Northern Star (1837-1852), 10th December 1842, Edition 5 of 5, Page 5, 8Ta Meti$ev0 anti ^ovve^ovtttent^

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    • 8Ta Meti$ev0 anti ^ovve^ovtttent^
    • THE £XEC1JTIY^,~MR; BATRSTOW, AND THE > BRISTOL CHARTISTS.
    • LEEDS SOSOTJGH SESSIONS.
    • ' ¦ :: '¦ ¦ ' : ;. \ . ' :: ' y : . TaARBiAass.L.- . :/'; ¦ ¦¦¦¦;
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      Untitled Article

      He knows this to be * He . It is moraoffer a wieked ju $ m » iigiona lie ; msRDSD supit to ikdhuszibat ¦ jTBHOtHTDED OK THEGOTEBKHEKTTOXHBASLBJB 8 TS . He ^ nows that the Government had commenced their pms oit " , and that the arrests had begnn three dajB before the appearance of the Sfer . He knows that ij ^ jskb , the printer of the address was arrested , and his types se zed , even while the Conference was Sitin g : he knoWB that Lbach was arrested , and flat timself and CiHPBELLind Baibstow , all " ran for it" th&t a me night . He knows that he has been «» in hiding" ever since that night . He knows that in the Star succeeding the Conference" that address

      itas never named . Bat he knows also when and There Mr . finx did denounce it . He knows that triien Mr . Hm first saw it , he denounced it as a " mad joisc&u eTOTiB document "; as an address that could j ^ u nder the circumstances , be issued without going more harm than its authors eoold ever hope to jepair daring their whole lives . He knows that we fljns characterised it to him when we first saw it . He knows also all about the tone assumed by somebody about certain parties doing certain things " on tsar gttx responsibility ! " He knows all about it . A ad jrt he has the impudence and the malice" to jfim that wb put the Govirnment on their blood track by denouncing that address in the succeeding

      Star . ' Haring thus , in the face of his hypocritical disclaimer of" counter accusation" got op one of the Bsemess and most dastardly false accusations ever penned by man , he proceeds to found upon it a vrfcinmg crawling appeal for the " protection" of the Manchester Trades , against the consequences which be reasonably supposed might follow . Poor thing ! be needs no protection from us ; we wonld not hurt % hair of Ms head ; bat we shall , so far as { we caa prevent his doing further mischief to the movemait .

      The twenty-sixth paragraph is a notable effort to combat a ^ boggle" of his own creation . He will hire it that somebody thinks the Address" canned the Strike- We suppose that there is no man besides himself whose imagination attaches to it so juneh of " the witching power" ! In the tvrenry-sevenih paragraph he says : — p There are bnt two ways to blame the address ; 2 xret , beeanse it did continue the strike , and second because it did not . Mr . Hill is one who blames it {« the first cause . *

      Indeed the writer mistakes . Mr . Hill does no such thing . Mr . Hiu blames it for a cause quite different from either of these two . He blames it , not because it was er « r likely to hare any effect at all spon the strike , either to continue it or otherwise , but because it was a mess of frothy mouthing balderdish , fined for no good purpose and calculated only to do mischief . He blamed it because there was neither sense , nor reason , nor truth , nor discretion , Biff anything but rant in it . He blamed it because it made promises and held out expectations which its vahors knew could not be realized . He blamed it

      because of its prate about " the machinery being all arranged , " which was well known not to be in existence at & 1 L fie blamed it because it told boastful 1 mb to ronse the people to * n exertion which the party vho wrote it knew most fail . He blamed it because la aw from the first that the only earthly thing it wonld or could do was just that which it his done , become the head and front of a gcremment prosecution ; and because he saw it to be so admirably adapted for that

      purpose that if it had been written and intended for it ind if the writer had been well paid for bis job , it eoold no ; hare served the purpose better . These were jost the reasons why Mr . Hixx blamed "the Bid , mischievous document which has been ascribed t * tie Executive . " We had mnch rather that the trills had been over before we had been compelled tossie them thus plainly ; it was not M'DottUi ' s pleasure thai it should be so ; he had donbtless his ows reasons for forcing from us tMs avowal , and he ffi * j now m » ke of it what he pleases .

      We see nothing more worthy of notice , save thr teat that he will be among us again ** sooner than we dream of . " Wei > eghim to undeeeiTe himEelf ; be cannot make any movement that will surprise us . If be suppose that we erer thought him out of England , hi 3 suppositions an little akin to some of bis assertions . u Bnt come he soon , or come he stow , " he will in all probability find as still npon the " watch tower" that so much annoys him .

      We suppose that by this time the whole country mo 3 be as ack of this nasty mess as we are ; and we spin remind the people that the thing they have to look to is the prevention of future , rather than the ien # 3 yof past , grievances . Without organization car movement is powerless for good . We can have ss elective organization without a directing head ; but the head is useless withoot brains and heart . We again press upon the people the indispensable fat ? of taking np the matter , and of doing ss immediately . We warn them against nSering themselves to be persuaded that it is a personal matter between us and the members

      rfthe Executive . We declare solemnly th » t we hm no personal feeling against any of them ; we iwtioae our dntj in calling the people ' s attention to the matter , on principle , and on principle alone . 55 a ample question is , whether we are to hare an Organization in fact or in name only ; whether the cSoas of our Association hare or have not specific dudes , or whether they are to be invested wi&ab-B&rte power to do what they please . This is the whole matter , and to this matter the people must eonfae their attention . We preEume that the whole ttsntrj wiH agree with ns in opinion that it is wcesary to have an Orginizatien , and that it is Meessary for that Organization to be adhered to .

      If this be secured for the fnture we are satisfied ; w care not how or by whom . We have no wish to eethe present Executive pnniEhed for their past liseosdnet ; we have no wish to see them displaced , ? they can satisfy ih « people that they will herefter act in accordance with the organizatien , and arry out their own principles in their own conduct . S " e hare never asked for more than this , and we aini the people ought sot to be content with less . * e give our own opinion honestly , both npon the t&iis of the question and upon the men . We think is * die present system affords too mnch

      tempbob , and too many facilities for the abases &h seem to ns to hate been hitherto rife . ' « think that their recnrresce wlH be best Rented by the appointment of an efficient and snss-like Secretary who , being well paid , shall ' absolutely required to devote his whole time to ; md that with finch an officer there is no need of ij other paid Executive ; bnt that our work would -i in all probability , much better done by a stasdg committee , acting from a love of the cause , than fcas hitherto been done by mercenaries . These

      oar opinions ; we ask for them no other influence a that to which they are entitled ; we submit m , sot as a giflde , but as a help to public deli-* ti « m . We giTe them * as the opinion of ONE ^ i founded npon mnch observation , long expe->* in public matters , means of information more « nsve than those of most men , and arising out of , i animated by , an ardent lore for principle , and the cause . They will find in our present paper opinion of another mas npon this matter—a man ose opinion is well deserving their attention—° * as CoorzR . We advise them to read his

      com"" caiioa carefully ; to consider how far it may or ' 7 not be practicable ; and to give the whole * > ieet most deliberate attention with a -new to 1 speed y settlement . 'Tis a matter of universal * re * t , and of xH _\ consequence ; and we suggest * wfcen the people have made np their minds on 1 letter , they should instruct their delegates to [ tbeoniing Conference at Birmingham , so to * £ , a \ cend , aad consolidate our Organisation , as ^ ca re us oScial working hereafter . No subject ¦* be . uore proper to be taken up by the dele-*• of lha ; Conference ; if there be anything at all ** testj ia * ie Complete Suffrage party , it may t ad . j EaPPJ w » pi-r ; unity of amalgamating and Li , * i'yi lii * two A ^ oci ^ iivna iaio one , acd w oTer-ralii . « a tenjpvruij eTil lor a l&&iin «

      Untitled Article

      THE APPROACHING CONFERENCE . Is ft portion of the last week ' s impression of the NorthernStar we commented at considerable length npon an article that appeared in the Nonconformist newspaper of Not . 23 d , in which the writer , speaking on behalf of the Stobgb party , openly expressed his surprise and ALARM at the result of the Birmingham Election of Delegates to the Conference on the 27 th , and in which he also made a foul and malignant personal attack upon Mr . O'Co . vnob . In concluding those comment ? , we intimated that our reply to that attack , lengthy as it was , was far from being concluded ; that wo had several of the false charges of the Nonconformist to rebut and expose ; and that in all probability , we should return to the subject , and complete the answer this week .

      The demands npon the space of our present number preyent ns from fulfilling that expressed intention . The Conference itself is just at hand . The elections are now going # n . Where the people have not stirred , it is time they did . Upon their exertions much depends . Where apathy prevails , it is time that a working spirit was infused . To perform oar part in the work of making this Conference that which it should be—an instrument for good and not for evil—needs all ihe time , and space , and attention we have at disposal ; and , therefore , the further defence of Mr . O'Cornob from the lying accusations of the Sturgeite organ must be deferred till anothei opportunity .

      We regret this the less , because we perceive that the Nonconformist , in the current week ' s number , just received here , has not dared to notice , in any manner , that portion of our reply which appeared on Saturday last . He has net ventured to show the reasons he had for expressing ALARM at the return of TJiHTiHSAL Suftragb Delej ?* tes to a Ujtitsbsai . BvYTBJiSS Conference ! He has sot dared to reiteisie his- vjle and slanderous personal charges

      against Mr . O'Cowkob , or to reply to oar fist and unqualified contradiction of them . To accomplish class and party objects , he circulated a deadly poison . We furnished an antidote : but his love of right and fair-play dictates not to him the necessity of showing those whom his misrepresentations have muled ik&t what he advanced was calumnious and false ! No . The answer is unnoticed . As far as he is concerned , the poison is stiil left to work where it may .

      The time * for holding the Conference is near I Wherever delegates are not yet elected , it is time that -the werking people were on tfce alert , and arranging for public meetings to elect them . That Conference is to decide whether there shall be a oneness of purpose is OCB . own junks , or two objects of pursuit ! On the exertions ef the people themselves depends that decision ! The Conference is called to prepare a Bill to secure the just representation of the people . A Bill for that purpose has been long prepared , and acknowledged by millions of the people 1 That

      Bill is known by the name of the People ' s Charter . Tha > Bill , and that name , has been the rallyingpoint for the people ' s forces . To accomplish its legislative enactment , unshorn , and onmutilated , they have banded themselves together in a strong union , and shown themselves capable of moral exertions unsurpassed by any people upon earth . To seduce them from the position they have hitherto occupied in reference to the Charter , every means that could be devised have been used . A movement ' here , and a movement there , have been started , to draw off : a portion of the

      working hands , and introduce division and feuds . Bait after bait has been exhibited ; tub after tub has been thrown to the whale . The good sense and firm determination of the people have hitherto defeated" the stratagems and wiles of the deec / yers . Whenever there has been a disposition shown to nibble , the "people have raided the alarm ; and the gaping fool with the big-swallow has either timely retreated back again into the ranks , or gone clean over ( but iy himself ! J to the new camp , where he has become the despised of his new associates , and the langhing-siock and score ot his old ones 1

      So far the people hare done well their duty . This is not the time to slack it . They know our opinion of the Stubge movement from beginning to end . They know our opinion of the parties with whom it originated , and by whom it is conducted . We hive never cloaked nor dissembled that opinion . We have always believed their objsct to be , the destruction , by their poisonous embraces , of the Charter Movement . The more close our observation of all

      passing circumstances and of their whole policy , the more rooted , and settled that opinion becomes . Their plans are deep-laid . Their resources are extensive . Their purposes for mischief we believe to be deeply settled ; their consciences by no means scrupulous in the use of means ; and their power such as cannot safely be despised . All these things are proved conclusively by their mode of going about the getting-np of this Conference . It is a great card , and they are playing for a great stake . Never were more skilful adepts in the art ofshvjjling sni if the people be not wida awake they will find their

      packing powers to be quite as mischievous . From the first they have aimed to destroy the Movement by rendering it a mere waiter on the Corn Craik clab Hence the first dodge from which we beat them , of making one-half of this National Conference the representatives of ten-pounders . This they knew-would secure them a sweeping majority of Corn Ciaiksy and therefore they tried hard for it . " Friend" " NO" gave it up very reluctantly ; but was forced .-from mere shame , to provide , in the long-run , that the election meetings should be open and public ; though this was done so ambiguously as

      to lea-re open still a leop-hole for the former project , if the people should , by slumbering on their post , permit it . This did not escape our notice any more than- that of the Stcbge organ , the Nonconformist . We wear spectacles . We called the attention of ihe people to the appearance of fair-play that was now afforded ; and to the chance that now lay in their hands of making this a National Conference "for useful purposes . They took up the matter in the right spirit . Birmingham , the stronghold of w Suffragism , " took the lead , and did its work . The Glasgow " lads" have followed up in

      gallant style . SoVar , so well , Bat let H 3 cot be lulled into security by this appearance of success . There is an old proverb , that " the first blow is half the battle ; " bat we never think the battle done till the last blow has been struck . There are many elections yet to come . Let not the people think that Birmingham and Glasgow can do the work alone . Their example must be universally followed , and their bands universally strengthened ; or their exertions will be lost ! The struggle must be at the elections : ~ not in the Conference . The Conference , if it is to do any good , must be a

      deliberative body ; not a fitjht between antagonistic parties . This can only be secured by sending to it men pledged to like measures , not only in principle but in detail . The Sturge men have two points in view ;—to make the Conference an engine for the frustration of the Charter ; or , failing that , to destroy its usefulness by causing it to do nothing at all . The people have only one wsy to preclude success in one or other of these objects ; and that is , to sens theik own ueh I to listen to no compromise ! to reject all overtures , however specious or seeming ; and to se . nd xhsjb own ken ! or , at all events , to submit them to the fair chance of public acceptance or

      rejection . There are a kind of * silly bodies" who talk o ! democratic principle teaching us to permit others to share fairly with us the Representation . We den ' c understand this doctrine . To us there seems neither sense nor consistency in it . We understand democracy to mean Government by the people j and democratic principle to include deference to ihe public yoice . So far , then , from seeing any violation of the democratic principle in submitting four Chartists to the acceptance of the people in- av . y iovrn irom which four members are . required ; and itidag the&e four Chartists tske their fair ch&ncs against any oilier meu Va&t msy be

      Untitled Article

      put up , this seems to ns to be the only course in which the demoqratio principle is honestly recognised . To burke the expression of public mind upon our principles by withholding candidates , because other parties wish to be represented , may pass with some for democratic good-feeling : we have only . two names for it , —the parties may take whioh they like , —short-sighted gullibility , or treachery . The Stnrge men know better the value of the stake they play for . They neither offer , nor listen , to any compromises , except where they know themselves to be powerless . Did they offer any compromise at Birmingham I "NO I" Strong as they knew the

      Chartist body to be there , they calculated their own strength , and hazarded the struggle . The resul took them aback a bit ; and they have in some other places looked a little before they leaped . But whereever they thought themselves strong enough to carry their men , " no compromise with Chartists" was their policy . In proof of this we refer toJCHasgow ; and that our readers may know that we represent the matter fairly , we dou't give the story from our own reporter . We do not take it from any newspaper , or from any publio document , or from any souroe of which there could b ; the least suspicion that a party purpose was entertained . We point them to the following letter , written without the remotest notion that it

      was ever to be pnbliehed , by a working man in Glasgow , to a private friond , and by him forwarded to us , simply for our own perusal : — Glasgow , Dec 1 st , 1 B * 2 . Dear FaiKNP , —I write in haste to inform you of the results of a great public meeting held iu the City Hall , Glasgew , on Tuesday evening last , Nov . 29 th , to elect delegates to the Birmingham Conference . It was one of the most complete victories ever I saw achieved by one party oter another . There could not be less than from 5 to 6000 present ; and although the Complete Suffragists mustered all their forces , backed by the Irish Repealers , they were pnt to the rout

      You must understand that a deputation from ihe Chartists waited upon the Directors of the Complete Suffrage Association ; for the purpose of making arrangements for the election of Delegates to Birmingham , but THEY WERE TREATED WITH CONTEMPT and SCORN , and informed that they ( the Directors had drawn out a line of policy for the delegates to act upon ; and that unless they got six deles / aleslelected at Ihe public meeting to mbide by THEIR instructions , that they tcovld not pay a farthing to the delegates to Birmingham . The Deputation having acquainted the Chartist body with the overbearing conduct of the Complete Suffrage party , it was resolved to attend the

      public meeting , whenever called by the Complete Suffragists , and see , if public opinion would put them right upon the subject Accordingly , on Tuesday evening last , the great gathering took placa The doors were thrown open at about half-past six o ' clock , and by eight , i the time at which the chair was to be taken ) the hall was crammed falL Mr George Ross was elected to the ch&ii by an overwhelming majority , in oppositlou to Dr . Donelly , who was proposed by the Complete Suffrage party . Mr . Adams , en the part of the Chartists , moved " That this meeting elect six delegates , and that they be instructed to abide by the principles contained Jin that document called the People ' s Charter ; " and after

      beingsoconded Mr . M'Farlane on the part of the Complete Suffragists , moved an amendment to the effect that this meeting send six delegates pledged to the Six Points , bnt that they be at liberty to support any measure brought forward at the Conference to repeal the Corn Laws , or any other monopoly . Both motions having been spoken to for nearly three horns , the amendment was put , when about three or four hundred held up their bands for it immediately ; but upon the motion being put it was carried by an overwhelming majority , followed by unbounded applause , the noise of which was like the sound of ten thousand drums ; and truly at such a sight and such a sound the Complete Suffrage men were sorely dismayed . After the meeting had settled into a calm , Mr . Samuel Eidd moved , " Thit the delegates be further instructed to abide by

      the Charter , name and all , " which was also carried by a sweeping majority . The next business was the election of delegates , which fell upon the following individuals , the whole of them out-and-out Chartists—Mr . Molr , Sir . Anderson , town councillor , who was lately elected by the Chartists for the first ward ; Mr . Adams , Mr . Ancott , Mr . Kidd , and Mr . M'C > Iquboun . Each of the above was elected by triumphant majority . The proceedings did not end until hear one o ' clock in the morning . Thus ended one of the most glorious meetings I ever attended / It has pat new life into the Chartist movsment here , and has taught those trimmers betwixt the factions and the working clasaes a lesson which they are not likely soon to forget A few more such conquests and the people ' s cause will be brought to a triumphant issue . Hail 1 hail . ' the happy tima

      Dear friend , should the late news from China have given an impetus to your trade , and any hands should be wanted , I hope you will have the goodness to let me know , I remain , yours , In true friendship , John Mili-ek . Mr . William Daniels , Lisswade , Near Edinburgh . We prefer giving this simple statement to any technical " report" of the meeting , just because it is a plain , unsophisticated matter , and shows the true state of things , without twist or

      colouring . Let the people read it , then ; and let them notice specially the part we have printed in italics ; and see the Siurge-men ' s policy and animus . We don ' t blame that policy . We think the Stubge-men consistent and right . They have an end to gain ; and they take all fair means and advantages for its obtainment . They do right LET THE CHABT 1 STS DO LIKEWISE all Over 1 Jvo compromise . ' Ho two-and-two , or © neand-one , or three-and-one- ' But in every place let as many Cn&r tiat candidates be started as there are members wanted . This is the only way to give Chartist principles fair-play . This is the only true

      exhibition of democratic policy . Any trimming deviation from it is a base sacrifice of principle ; and whoever practices or recommends it , has some end to serve , other than that of furthering the cau ^! Let the people rest assured of that : and let them watch well their local leaders , their councillors , and those who usually " manage matters" for them . If these desert their posts , or slumber at them , they must do the work themselves . We warn them to be wary of placing too much confidence in local leaders . They are not always to be trusted implicitly . Many circnmgtaneea operate to sway them of which the people know nothing . But if the people keep their

      own eyes open , the cause is always safe . What they have to do is this : to attend in their full strength all meeting 3 for the election of delegates ; to watch the proceedings carefully ; to recollect that all these are public meetings ; that no clique of persons have any right to their" management ? ' and that every man there has as much right to speak and to nominate a candidate , as any other man . Let them , then , watch the proceedings . Let them ascertain how many members are to be elected ; and the exact character of all the candidates proposed . If there be not among them the full number of outand-out , known , earnest , Chartists nominated , let

      them take care that the nominations be completed then and there . If , for instance , four delegates be wanted for Bradford , or Huddersfield , or any other town ; and if at the public meeting for eleotion , the "lads" find that two Chartists and two Complete Suffragists , or three Chartists andjone Stobgite , are nominated , let them rest assured that in this case their councilmen have played them false ; they have either neglected their duty or deserted it . And let the people instantly proceed to rectify the mischief , by nominating the required number of Chartists on the spot . There will surely

      be some man present who knows men fit to serve . Don ' t stand higgling , stammering , and waiting for somebody else to do it , until it it be too late ; but let the thing be done ! Remember the importance of the straggle . It is for life ! It is for the honour , and ralne ^ and efficiency of our Movement ! No temporising policy ; no calculating coquetry , nor worse kind of treachery must be permitted now to , work . The people must awake to their own business . They must open their eyes and rub them , and watch all points I There is more mischief at work than many of them dream of I !

      The Stdege-men play their game desperately . They mean to have a majority by hook or by crook ; and they don't stick much at means . They do not all act like the Glasgow Stdbge-men . It iB only where they are strong that they show any thing like fair play . Where they are treaA ; , they try compromise : and , if that fail , they fly to subterfuge ! From Doncaster a Chartist brother writes us thus : — " The council of the Complete Suffrage Association cent the bellman round the town to call a meeting in their association room , to take into consideration the propriety of seeding delegates to ihe Tonhcumiog Conference . I immediately calted our council together and vrewwit to the meeting . Yfe vf we recognizdd by the

      Untitled Article

      party as soon aa we entered the room / and partioulMly by Mr . MUner , town councillor , and great gun of the Antt-Corn-Law party , who declared the Chartists should not take any part In that nfght ' a proceeding ! Mr . Haste ^ their secretary , was caUed to the chair He said the first busin « M of the meeting was to adopt some plan to raise me means to send two delegates to the Conference r and If they thought they could net send two from this . town , two gontlemen of Birmingham , whom he had corresponded with , would

      have great pleasure In representing Dohcaater in the forthcoming Conference . Mr . Bloomer rose and asked the chairman If the Confeirenca was a national one T U it was he thought this was an unjust , as well as Illegal way to elect them at a hole-and-corner meeting like this . Instead of a public meeting ; upon wtifch the chairman rose and protested against the Chartists interfering . The chairman then called on those who were in favour of those two gentlemea representing Doncaster to hold up theii handfl . The motion was earned . ' ¦ ¦ : : . . ¦ " . ¦ ¦ ¦¦¦¦ ' ... ¦ ¦ . ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ . ¦ ¦• ¦

      ^ P . S . I forgot to state that the bellman started to csll the meeting at six o ' clock , in the evening , to take place at eight ! The same of the delegate fa Clark Brothers . We shall call a public meeting to elect two , and protest against the otherB Bitting . " This shows their determroatioih It is to have a majority at all hazards ; or , at all events , to secure so Btrong a party as shall make ihe Conference useless , if they cannot make it a tool for their own ends . Why are they thqs determined ? Why thus reckless , persevering , and overbearing ? It would puzzle any man to assign any other reason than that

      which we have all along assigned . Their purpose is to aid the enemy 1 to uphold class-legislation by weakening the opposition to it . The old maxim 11 divide and conquer , " is their motto . The avowed objeot of the Conference ' is to draw up a Bill in opposition to the People ' s Charter J and so to divide the Universal Suffrage forces into two distinct bodies . This has not yet been done . Hitherto the Complete Suffragists have passed aa" Chartists , but not O'Connor Chartists . " The seeming approximation has been willly used to lull suspicion as to their ultimate purpose ; and has been artfully

      combined with the charitable overflow of 'Vfriend " * NO ' s" generosity . He wished the Chartists and Complete Suffragists to think kindly of each other ; he had no wish to destroy or injure the Chartist Association ; he did not wish the ChftltistS to leave their own body and join his new union . No ! no 1 That would have put a stopper npon all his projects . The end could not then have been wrought out—of a " complete" division of the Universal Suffbagb raDks . It was necessary to proqeedoftUtibusiy , that a body might be formed , seemingly working in juxta ^

      position with the Chartist body , before that could be wisely attempted . The body has been formed ; its limba have been appended ; its heart of evil has been well supplied with the blood of dissimulation and falsehood ; and the only thing now wanting is the head which this Conference is to put on , that the body may be "complete . " An opposition Bill here drawn , and afterwards introduced into Parliament ; and the " complete" disunion will be effected . The Corn Craiks will carry ' after-: ' them the blinded and the interested brawlers ; while the honest and sincere Suffrage-sien will be left at a

      " complete" distance to admire the adroitness with whioh , by ? Union , " their strength has been de-Btroyed ! " . ¦ - . / . --V- . - " /¦ ¦ ;/¦ ' ¦ ¦' ;¦ ¦' . ; ' \ :- . ' - ' .: ' . :: [ "¦ \ The people have now the whole thing before them . They know their work . It rests with them "to do , ornottodo" ! There is one subject on which perhaps some difficulty may arise . Many of our friends are poor , and many localities would , in all probability , gladly send delegates who cannot pay them . This may be obviated by a little management . It is at all times better that the delegate should , if possible , go from the place whence he is delegated . But where this cannot be done , " Complete

      Suffrage" principles certainly do not contemplate the exclusion of the parties from the right of representation by others who may reside elsewhere . We believe this is to be the practice of all representative bodies . We never knew or heard of any representative body which made it imperative upon its members to be resident respectively in the places which they represent . And we are happy to find that this much of justice is , recognizedjkot only by the principles , but by the practice , of the Sturgsi-men them ' selves . In their official organ , the Noncohformist , we find the following paragraph : —

      " Sound Advice . —TbeRev . P . Brewster , In a short address to the Complete Suffrage Associations of Scotland , recommends them to hold their meetings for the election of delegates on the same day , at the same hour ; and reminds them that , in the event of their not being able to send to the Conference their full complement of representatives , they may appoint the rest from persons residing in Birmingham , without any additional expense . "

      Now thiB is " sound advice ; " and it ought not to be lost upon our Chartist friends . Let every locality which- can , send its own men , as delegates . ; but where the expense interferes and becomes a serious obstacle , the matter may be easily arranged by getting some good and true man , or men , of Birmingham , to represent them . The general Councillors of Birmingham would , we are quite sure , lend their assistance in arranging the matter . Letters for them may be addressed to Mr . Geobge White , 38 , Bromsgrove-street , stating the number of delegates that will be required ; and we have ho

      doubt that there are enough of good men in Birmingham ready to serve all such localities as may require them ; and that the parties will receive all necessary and satisfactory information . When elected , the instructions to the delegates may bo forwarded to them through the same medium ; and thus every place may have its full complement of members . None need be short : and this should , by all means , be specially attended to . It is of great importance ; the more especially

      if the suggestion contained in our other "leader © f the week' be entertained by the people . Nothing can be more clear than that if the consolidation of the Chartist movement , and the final settlement of our Organisation in reference to the Executive and other matters , come before this Conference , its members should be Chartists { not nominal , but heart-men ; men who are really interested in the supporting and enhancement of our cause , and not in its

      destruction . . ; ¦ . . . - . . ¦ ¦¦ . : : ¦ . ,- . ; . . , '¦ - . ¦ . - , On the whole it is a grave matter . It will require the people ' s whole energies , the putting forth of their whole strength , and the exercise of their whole pru dence . It is a great card ; and must be well , vigorously , and skilfully played . Finally , for the holding of meetings and the election of delegates . Let the people see that the business is done in a deoent , orderly , and legal manner . We give the following from the Sturge circular calling the Conference . It will be necessary for our friends to note it : —

      " The meetings to elect delegates most be of a strictly legal character . Wherever it is practicable and usual , let a requisition be « ent to the local authorities , requesting them to convene the meetings , if this cannot be done , let the Complete Suffrage Union of each district convene Its own meeting . In both cases the meetings must be public to all the inhabitants inthe town or district .

      " It is absolutely necessary that the names and addresses of the delegates who are appointed to attend the Conference , accompanied by a copy of the minutes of the meeting at which they were elected , under the signature of the Chairman of the meetinfr , should be transmitted to the Council on or before Friday , the 23 rd day of December , in order that the extent of accommodation required may be known , tickets prepared and other arrangements made . , ^

      •* Each delegate is requested to call at the office as soon as possible after bis arrivajL in Birmingham . '' They will see from this , that there is no time to lose . Let the Stuege men call meetings wherever they are disposed to call them ; and in every such oase every publio meeting to elect delegates must be well attended . The people must take care to be early that the Chairman be not unfairly chosen . Almost

      all the good of a public ; meeting maybe frustrated by the Chairman , if he be disposed to do so . Let the people see to this therefore ; let no Chairman be allowed to act who has not been elected by the meeting . If any attempt be madeaa in all probability there will—to call meetings at an hour when the working pcoplo can not attend , and when , therefore , the middle men can have it all their own way ; let a representation be instantly } ¦ ¦ ' . ' "¦ ii ¦ ' ¦ ¦

      Untitled Article

      mado to the Complete Suffrage Committee , or whoever else have the" gettiDgup" of the meeting ; aad if this be unheeded , let a publio meeting on sonn other evening be called to elect delegates ; let the delegates be elected ; and let a letter stating the whole facts , be forthwith transmitted ^ to the Complete Suffrage Council at Birmingham . Let thia letter be written in the moBt inoffensive possible manner ; short and preoise , merely stating facts , but yet so full aa to give every necessary information ; and let a copy of it be given not merely to the delegate elected by the people at the fair ' public meeting , ' but also to some honest delegate whose election is undisputed ; and let him bring the matter before the Conference at its meeting , if the Council shall not

      have previously done justice in the matter . In every case the eligibility to sit of every candidate elected at an unfair meeting should be protested against ; the protest should be transmitted te the Council at Birmingham , with the same letter containing a statement of the facts on which it is grounded . The same plan must be adopted if any dishonest meane are resorted to for smuggling a Chairman at any public meeting for the election of delegates . This may be done , either by obtruding a Chairman without election , or by electing him before the time announced for the meeting . To all these and many other " dodges , ? ' the " shoy-hoys '' ' are well " up . " They will need watching ; but with care they may be so watched as to bo unable to avoid doing some good whether they like it or not .

      All that the people have a right to require is that every meeting to elect delegates shall be a fair , honestly conducted , publio meeting . . -And if any delegates be received who have not been . thus elected or any excluded who have been thus elected , it will be the duty of every other honest delegate at once to protest against the whole thing as a fraud upon the publio , and come away and leave it . Where the Sturge men do not call meetings for the election of delegates , * the Chartists must call the meetings themselves ; remembering carefully that

      every delegate sent to this Conference must be elected at a publie meeting . Not a publio meeting of the Chartist or any other Association ; but an open publio meeting—a publio meeting of the inhabitants of the place , called for the purpose . This must be particularly attended to . Any man going there merely as a delegate from any particular body would render the whole proceedings illegal , and every member of the Conference liable to imprisonment . Every place sending a delegate , must call a public meeting for his election .

      Two representatives are to be sent from the smaller towns and boroughs * having less than 5 , 000 inhabitants , and four from the larger ones , excepting that Edinburgh , Birmingham , Manchester , Glasgow , and Liverpool may send six representatives , but no more . London is specially provided for . Let every meeting called by the Chartists for the election of delegates , be called by requisition ; of which ^ the following may be the form : — "To ' " . ' ¦ . ¦ " ¦ ' ¦ ¦ - ... . ; ¦ ¦ - ¦• - ¦ ¦ - . ¦ :. ¦ : ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ '

      u , the undersigned , inhabitant householders of ¦¦ ! . "; . . ' ¦ , do request you to call , at an early day , a meeting of the inhabitants of—^— , for the purpose of electing a delegate to a Confererice of delegates , to be holden at Birmingham , on the 27 th day of December , 184 2 , to determine on the essential details of a Bill to be presented to Parliament , for securing the just representation of the whole adult male population of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland . " ¦ \ r ' ^ - ^ - : : ' . ¦ - ¦¦ ' ¦ ' . ¦ r .

      Let this requisition be signed by seven or more inhabitant householers , each giving thereon his name trade , and residence ; let it be presented to tae Mayor , Chief Constable , or other principal authority of the place ; and if he refuse to call the meeting , let the requisitors then c » U it on their own responsibility ; and , above all things , let every such meeting be conduoted with as muoh order and decorum , as the service of a parish ohoreh . *

      The next matter for consideration will be the character of the delegateB to be sent to this Conference . The people should consider deeply , the importance of the deliberations to come before that assembly . Do not let it be deluged with ginger beer bottles ; with mere Bpouting , frothy , speech makers . Men of stern sense and solid judgment—men not easily gulled or blinded , and yot open to ebnviotion from fair argument , and not bull-headed and bull-necked , are the men the people want—men who understand the Charter , not only as to its principles , but as to its . details—who are proof against

      all the sophistry of the Free-traders and Extension men , and ready with plain common sense answers to all their fallacious statements , and yet men void of factious dispositions- —ready to hear reason and to give reason ita due weight by whomsoever urged . Let them in every place look out for such a man—no matter whether " leading" men or not ; no matter whether speakers or not . '; ' ' .,. ¦ - ¦ . ¦" . - ¦ ; .- ' ¦'¦ ' ¦"¦ ¦ . ' . ¦ ¦ ' - . ' .. ' . ' When the delegates are elected , let tho credentials be made out , and signed by the Chairman of the publio meeting in the following form : —¦ M To all whom it may concern , " I hereby " certify that , at a public and open meeting of the inhabitants of —~ - —— ^ held this •' day of , 18-i 2 , &t , Mr . was duly electod , by a majority of the persons then and there present , as their delegate to a conference of delegates , tobe > holden at Birmingham , on Wednesday , the 27 th day of December now next , to determine on the essential details of a Bill to be . presented to Parliament , for aecuring the just repre-Bentation of the whole adult male population of the United Kingdom of Great Britain aud Ireland . " Witness my hand , this — -r— - day of ———1852 . ¦ . ¦ . - ; . ¦ ¦ ; ' ' ¦ ¦ ¦ : ; ' ¦¦ ' . •; : ; V ' '' . ¦ . " ¦ ' ¦¦ ; ,.. - .

      "Chairman of the said meeting . " Let the exertion bo made generally and rationally . Let every place which can send a delegate send him . Let every place which can not afford to pay delegates write instantly to White . Let us have " a long pull , a strong pull , and a pull all together , " for the Charter , and " no mistake , " and " no surrender . " ¦ ¦ v . ¦ ¦ ' : ¦ : '¦' ¦ •¦ ¦ ¦ - ¦ ¦¦ ' ¦ ,. ¦"¦' -.

      Untitled Article

      Thomas DickENSON ^ the Manchester Packer , is requested to communicate his address to Mr . George BloomeiSt . Thomas-street , Doncaster . Union Coffee-House , Nottingham ;—the Chartists Jiere have not given the residences sftRtir Council : the list cannot be inserted . Lambeth Yovt ^ a .- —We really cannot read the '¦ , _ .. writing they have sent so as to make out the names of toe parties nominated . The Bath Chahtists will see that their tea rueeting isreported . Thanks to the gentleman by whose courtesy the report was furnished . Thomas / Smith , Stockinq ^ obd , Nuneaion \ .-r-No . Thomas Tattersall mistakes , there is no dispute between the Editor of the Northern Star and the

      Executive , nor is there any parly squabbling " in the case , the matter is a very plain one ; ¦ ¦' ¦ and the people can have no difficulty . in under standing and dealing with it . He writes that he has been , since he Ufft his friends in NorthLancashire , for two months in Scotland , where he is well received , and is stillengaged to lecture for some time . He calls upon the men of North Lancashire to . follow up the glorious example of the men of Birmingham and Glasgow . H . Kemplay , 1 < V Gbeen Walk , Follt Bbidge , Bebmondsey , complains that her son was employed to post the bills for the Gjfiat Demonstration in April last , and has not yet been paid . Thomas Withebly , Coventry . —If he be a redder

      of the ^ Northern Starwllknow that we suffer no small amount of : vituperation for the very mild and gentle thinner in which we do occasionally exercise thai public censorship which we , with himibelievti to be ihe duty of every honest journalist . It dees not , however + preventus when we " are satisfied of the incapacity of any of the lecturers to perform their duty wilh propriety and effect"from , immediately , " as watchmen of the interests of the Chartists , cautioning our Tedders of the injury the cause " may receive by his addresses ; " but we have known the lecturer he names a little too long to be "sati-faa of his incapacUiji "' bi , nh $ ' unsupported tellerofbncioiio is to uia perfect stranger , and who is evidently smarting under his castigaliwst

      Untitled Article

      J . Makples , Sheffield . —We never trouble our * selves with impertinent questions . General Coonctl , —Lists of Council received at the office \ after Wednesday jnorning are too late for the current week . We fnentim this to prevent disappointment in numerous places , yohqse list * ¦ - ¦ - : we only 'received oh Thursday morning . James S . Fields . —We never do acknowledge poetical pieces i we might fill the paper with such , acknowledgcments . Such as are accepted appear ;• ¦ ' in due course . ; . John Reid—We shall attend to Ihe matter , but are this week full . William Cooper , Weldon \ Northamptonshire , re * commends " the Ballot in the election of delegates

      for the Birmingham Conference . He also en ~ guires-:-rr Wkitt ; is the smallest number of persom that ' wilt [ constitute > acouncil'or locality 1 " Upon this subject the organization makes no pro ^ vision , nor do we well see what provision could be ' : ' - ; made . "it must be left in a great measure to the good sense , judgment , and honesty of the people then / selves ^ He expresses his individual censure oftheExecitfive ' s conduct . . H . D . GaiFFiTHS . ^ - W e are no more surprised at the mallei than he is : the man writes for party and . " for pay . ¦; ' " ¦ : ) . - ' -, : ¦¦¦ ¦ ¦ ¦¦ ¦ : ¦ ' . ' : - . - . ; . A ,:- . - ' HenkvHolland— Thanks for his kindly letter . If all professing Chartist , leaders evinced a like spirit with Mr . Holland and the North Lancashire delegates , not a wdrd of " denunciation "

      would ever have appeared in the Star . Mr . Thomas Dickenson . —5 TA »' s gentleman , trhois known % n many localities as a Chartist lecturer by the name of the Manchester Packerv has , we are gihen . 4 o understand , been lately made the subject of slanderous imputations , severely < tffecting his moral and general character , by parties who , when required to do so , lacked either Jwnesty or courage to substantiate accusations . He gave notice some lime ago , through the Star , of the time when . he would be in Manchester to meet Ms accusers , and requested that the matters charged ' against him- might be . then and there investigated . He presented himself accordingly ¦ ¦ fa the ' South Lancashire delegate meeting , by whom ihe whole matter was investigated , ana / rom tomtom hereceived the following certificate ; --

      t "To all whom It may concern . " This is to certify that , after listening to the statement of Mr . Thomas Dickenson , better knovrn as the Manchtester Pucker , in defence of his character , and there being no evidence to disprove any of th « statomeats so ma 4 e > vfe have come to the Unanimous determination of acquitting him from all blame , and fully exonerating him from charges which cave hot been substantiated by the appearance of the person who made them . " The following Is the cepy of the resolution , carried without a dissentient : — ' "' That Mr . UicbenBon be exonerated from all blame / as there is no evidence before us to render Mr . Picken 8 on disreputable in the estimation of the Chartist body . ¦¦ , :. ' ¦ : ¦ /¦ . / /¦¦ . ; ' .. . : ; : ¦ ;;¦ ¦'¦ ., "Sighed , on behalf of the CouncH , ' ¦ ¦;¦ ,. John > IDRB ay , chairman . . '¦ ;• . W « . Ghocott , sub-secretary .

      " Manohester . Octobet 24 , 1842 . " The originaVofthis certificate has been handed to us for our'inspection . He received * also , from the same meeting , lecturer ' s , credentials , which we have also seen . We are very glad to congratw late notonlyMr . Dickenson , but also the country , upon the honourable position in which these circumstances place him . Mr . Dckenson is , we •' believe , an-eloquent-and talented lecturer ^ and . these are not times when we van afford to lose suchmen upon the breath of idle slander .

      Untitled Article

      R . BoiHWELL . i rA private " letter has been sent , addressed to Wm at Stainland , near Halifax . v 7 . Gray , Dvmfries . —At ' -7 jd . each . . F . W . Simeon , BRISTOL .--The parcel" was forgot when packing up Mr * Cleave's parcel ; but it wag forwarded in one that would reach London on Wednesday last . : . W . S . LYNDON ; - ^ We cannot , account for it : each received according to bis number . .: ; . ¦ . : ¦¦ ¦ James Saund ' ers . —Yes . MiCKLETHWAirE . —Apply to A . Heywood .

      FOB THE NATIONAL DEFENCE FUND . ¦ .: " : ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦¦ - " ¦ ¦ .,-, ¦ ¦ ¦ : ¦ ¦ ¦ : ' ' ¦ ¦; ¦ : - ' : ¦ ¦ . - ¦ ¦¦ : £ - ¦ . ¦» . ' ¦¦ & Frem the Chartists / of Swansea , $ at B . Cud-Hppv .. .. v ... ¦' : ¦ ... * .. 9 8 S % Ventnbr , Isle of Wight , per W . Nor-: ¦ . ' ¦¦ - ¦ man . * .. ..... - . - ¦ ¦• . » . , " " . .. .:- : " . > . -: . 0 -2 ¦• ¦ ¦? „ the Chartists of Stainland ... ... 0 10 0 ; ~ a poor woman , teedai .. ... ... 0 ; 0 1 .- ¦ « .. the Chartists- of Yew Green , per Mr . Thornton ... ...: . > . ... 0 5 0 ' „ a few wording men , Hough End , Bramley ... ... ; .. 0 6 0

      FOB MR . ELLIS . From Upper W . ortleyi per P . Shann ... . 0 3 0 „ the Chartists of Leeds ... ... ... 0 7 7 ^ three friends at Coxhoe ... ... 0 3 0 ^ Quarrington Hill .... ... .. 0 32 - . ¦ '' „ C&ssop ¦ ¦ .:.: ¦ ...: ... .. . .... 0 If 2

      Untitled Article

      TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . SIR , —^ The Bristol Councillow of the National Chaitet Ascociaiion having seen in the Star of Saturday last , your remarks npon the letter of Mr . Bairstow , in connexion with his expences as one of the Executive , deem it their duty to make a few observations thereon , inasmach as their -locality is one with others referred to by you . What we wish to show you is , that Bristol baa had no desire to engage leotnrers to be paid by the countiy at large ; bnt iias always , although at timfS

      with some considerable difficulty , depended upon her own resources . In . the menth of June , in the present year , the Bristol Councillors entered into an engagement with Mr . Bairstow as a lecturer for three month * , at the weekly salary of 35 s . per week . Just upon thlf Mr . Bairstow was elected on the Execative : he teuched Bristol On the 27 th of June , and left on the 2 ( 1 of July , the first sitting of the present Executive havbig been appointed to take place on the 4 th at Manchester . You will thos perceive that Mr . B ' s first visit to us ( unconnected with the Executive ) was just » ne week J for which we paid him , as

      Salary for one week , £ 1 15 f . Travelling expences , . £ 2 10 s . Before ; Mr . B . left us to attend to his duties on the Executive , he Informed ns , that bis election wonld prevent his fulfilling the engagement he had entered into with ns ; but that no doubt he would visit us under the auspices of the Executive . We told him that we should be happy to engage him for six weeks , subject to the general termi of the Executive . On the 31 st of July , Mr . B .- again visited ns ,, lsut not upon tha terms of agreement . He visited Cheltenham , Strond , Gloucester , Bathy Trowbrldge , and BristoL We always paid him tha turn he demanded of us ; and , in addition to this , Bath and Trowbridge having given him nothing , upon his return to Bristol we paid turn one half of the expences incurred by him in visiting these two towns . : ¦

      You will thnsaefti Si * , that the old locality ot Bristol has not been engaging talent at the expe-ceof the As « ociatioD ; in fact , it never has done so . To prove tbia , we need only state that upon the visit of the Executive to Bristol in February of the present year , the Bristol men paid the whole of their expences « f board and lodging dazing their -stay , one week ; their wages going on at the same time . ¦ . { . ¦' ¦ . ¦' - ¦ ¦• " . ¦; ¦' . "¦ ¦ " ' -: . ¦; ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦;¦•¦ Signed , - . ' ¦ / ' ; - ' ¦' . ' ¦¦ 7 . By order and on behalf of the Bristol Councilors , ' , ¦ . ¦ ¦ . ' ¦'¦ .: ¦¦' . - ¦ ¦¦ ; " ¦ . - .- ¦ . ¦ ¦ •¦ - ¦ - ;;¦ - . ¦ ¦ ¦ ' H . Onionv Sub-Sec . Bristol . Nov . ' 2 » th ; 1843 .

      Untitled Article

      N OTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN , That the next General Quarter Sessions of the Peace for the Borough of Leeds , in the County of York , will be holden before Thomas Flower Ellis the Younger , Esquire , Recorder of the said Borough , at the Court House , in Leeds , on Wednesdav , the Twenty-eighth day of December instant , at Two o'Clook in the Afternoon , at which time and place allJurors , Constables , Police' Officers , Prosecutors ,. Witnesses , Persons bound by Recognizances , and others having

      buainess at the and Sessions , are required to attend . And Notice is hereby also Given , that all Appeals not previously disposed of will be heard at the opening of the Court , on Thursday , jthe Twenty-ninth day of December inetant , and that all proceedings under the Highway Act will be taken on the first day of the Sessions . . By Order . James Richardsok , Clerk of the Peace for the Said Borough . Leeds , 5 th December , 1842 . . 7

      Untitled Article

      On Tuesday , the 29 ih ult ^ at Weldon , Mr . Frederick Allen , parobment dresser , of Weldon , ifr Miss Mary Gilby , dreBB-msLker , of the same place . On Saturday , the 3 rd inst ., at Driffleld , Mr . David Matthew Collinson , farmer and pig jobber , to Grace the eldest daughter of Mr . Jones , of Skerne , and late houBekeeper to Mr . Atkinson . ¦ -: On Thursday , the 1 st inst .. at Great Givendale , by the Bev . W . R . . GiieBbach A . M ., vicari Mr . B . Carlton , of Youttfiprpe , to Eliiabetb . NewbjV « l Great Givendale j also / at the same time , Mr * Edmund Brigham , of Pooklington , to Miss Jane Newby , daughter of Mr . James Newby , farmer , of tbatpJace . - ' . ' ¦ - ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦•¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦" . ¦ : '¦¦ ¦ ; -.. •¦ : ' : ¦ ¦ > ¦ 7 ¦ :- ¦ . : ¦ ; * : " 7- : ¦

      Untitled Article

      On the 1 st inst ., Mrs . Mary Brown . J ^ J ^ jjHB ?!^^ - year , at WeldonyNptthamptonsblre . . 9 j ~ ££ gSBW&&t ' On Monday , the &h iast ., afwr a shor | Hgfm % f ^ % : ; illness , jn the frl at year of his age , ^ WvmBSStiS ^ &' ^ 'ty * Rhodes , of the Ramsden Arms Inn , HMaB « pl ^^^^ fi ! f ^ ^ deservedly respected . ¦;¦¦ ; > P ^^^ ci ' kU 3 ""

      8ta Meti$Ev0 Anti ^Ovve^Ovtttent^

      8 Ta Meti $ ev 0 anti ^ ovve ^ ovtttent ^

      The £Xec1jtiy^,~Mr; Batrstow, And The &Gt; Bristol Chartists.

      THE £ XEC 1 JTIY ^ , ~ MR ; BATRSTOW , AND THE > BRISTOL CHARTISTS .

      Leeds Sosotjgh Sessions.

      LEEDS SOSOTJGH SESSIONS .

      ' ¦ :: '¦ ¦ ' : ;. \ . ' :: ' Y : . Taarbiaass.L.- . :/'; ¦ ¦¦¦¦;

      ' ¦ :: '¦ ¦ ' : ; . \ . ' :: ' y . TaARBiAass . L .- . : /'; ¦ ¦¦¦¦;

      Untitled Article

      \ - " ¦ ' THB- ' NO : RT # S - ii S ^ iaL ^ " - --V ^¦^[ l- ' . yS- ^ F ^ ^^ ' _— ¦ ^^ ¦ ^ ¦ ^^ M —^ ¦ ^** ^^ 1 ^^ ¦ ¦ . , — ¦ ¦ —^^^—¦ —^ . _ _^_^ - r - __ _ ¦ ¦ . ' ... ' ¦ ¦ -. ' . ; ' - ' ¦ ... ¦ -.. ;¦'¦ - ¦ ¦ . ¦ ¦ ¦ . " ¦ - ¦ - ¦ .. ¦ - - ¦ ' ,. ' .. - ' ¦ ¦ . ¦ ¦ ' " ¦ - "¦ : , - .. " ¦ ¦" .-. ' . ¦ ¦ ¦ - - " . " ¦ ¦ . ¦ . ¦ ¦ - - " ¦ . " ¦ ''' ¦ ' : ' ' ' " ' % J ' ' - ' : :

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 10, 1842, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct916/page/5/