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Northern Star (1837-1852), 9th July 1842, Edition 5 of 5, Page unpag

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    • Cftarttel :3Eiit*K&iitc*
    • TO THE MIDDLING CLASSES
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      so . in . Gbntlehek . —In addressing a series of letters to tout ordtr , I bad two principal objects in view : firstly , so to classify the middling classes as a body , Jhat none could mistake his position in society ; and secondly , to illustrate for you the exact meaning of throwing the working classes " npon their own jesonrees . " I shall then proceed , under my first head , to arrange the middling order into classes ; or xaiher to disabuse your minds of the misconception jhai all who haTe been hitherto set down as part and parcel of that order , are not so in reality .

      Perhaps no one circumstance has tended more to protract the promised benefits of kefobm than that egregious fallacy urged by political economists , and accepted by yon , that the master manufacturers and other large employers expending eapital in the employment of labour , constitute a portion of the middling classes . Now , I am prepared to prove that that class belongs essentially to the aristocracy of wealth j and that to them , and to you , the working people stand in a very different relation . To them , they are valuable onlt as pbobtjceeb ! and indeed this is the slarish character

      in which they hare been taught most to prize themselves . To top they are valuable as consuhees ! a character in which they haTe not been taught to estimate themselves . Now , if I can proTe that the dealers in consumable articles are brought to the brink of B . ti 3 , by the maniier in which those who deal in production haTe supplanted manual by artificial labour , my Eisi position is irrefutably established . I , then , proceed thus : at no period of our history were ihe successful manufacturers of this oountry TpaVrnf ; more profit of labour than at the present moment . Is is true , and I announced

      it to ^ yon seven years ago , that eo gnat would be lie improvements of machinery , backed by ihe capricious and fickle support of fictitious money , that in the end the large and successful speculators wonld monopolise to themselves the whole trade of this country : and tlat portion I now coll tie succesful speculators , against whom persons with small real capital , or limited or narrow credit , can make no head . I mention this fact lest the critic may turn upon me and say , that amongst the manufacturing classes tiiemselves there exists as much distress as in any other order of society . I admit

      it : but what doe 3 it prove i It proves that at the gambling table they have lost their stakes to those who held larger banks than themselves . They are the unsuccessful tail of the body 5 and have been cut off by their own order : and while this proves only the distressed state of a few , the present general poverty of the tchole order of shopkeepers establishes the fact that they have no interest in common with those living under a system which , although it partially affects some of its own mimbers is nevertheless strong enough , cTen in the few hands to which it is confined , to desiroy the whole order of those who can only thrive , prosper , or indeed exist , upon consumption . This is my posiuon : that xobe trade is nowin the hands of the few successful

      speculators , than was ever before known to exist , even , when the number of traders was considerably greater ; while upon the other hand , the order of shopkeepers , who live upoD consumption , can boast of ao successful competitors . Indeed how could it be otherwise 1 For suppose a master to employ one thousand " hands , " whose wage 3 are reduced to the starvation point ; does not eTery reduction in their wages make a corresponding reduction in the profit 3 of the shopkeepers ! Again I say , that those who produce by artificial labour and thereby depose ¦ man-riftl labour , and look to a foreign market for the disposal of their fabrics , have an interest in reducing wages ; while every shopkeeper in the land has a direct interest in the labourer receiving a fairrennmeration for his

      work-I now proceed , under my second head , to illustrate for you the tme and only means of " throwing the people upon their own resources . " Of this principle I am an avowed friend and admirer ; and I shall endeavour to point out the only justifiable way by which this object can be achieved . What does the term " resource" mean * As applied to labour , it means the unfettered and unshackled power of its owner to cultivate it to the yerj highest Talue to which it can be brought to bear . It does not mean the residue of wages after lust , oppression , and caprice shall have first lived upon it . It does

      not mean a nominally high amount of receipt , with a power vested in a Gov « rnment , or in its employers , to reduce the surplus after payment of taxation , or deduction , to the starvation point . But I will suppose a-case &r job . ; and will see whether or no , by all the laws of justice , and even by those rules and regulations by which church property ( the most favoured of all ) is measured out , Tfe may not throw the labourer upon his " own resources ' without injury to the state or to the capitalist , and with a perfect certainty © f replenishing the coffers of the real middling order of societythe shopkeepers .

      Gentlemen , the time is fast approaching when social happiness must be preferred to that " scientific" policy by which an island of starving beggars is sought to be made ° the mistress of the world" There is no higher order of property , in the eye of the law , than that of which the Church is possessed . Its title precedes that of the landlord . It has assumed to itself a right to one-tenth of the produce of the land . Thi 3 disposition of property is said to be unequal , UDjust , destructive of industry , and inimical to religion . However , I will place a master manufacturer in ihe position of a Church parson ,

      receiving the one-tenth of the proceeds of that description of property in which he gambles—Labocs . Now , the object of the Poor Law Amendment Act was said to be to make labour respectable ; to induce the labourer , while employed in youth- and manhood , to lay up a resource from whence he might draw in the winter of life . " Resource" implies not only the means of scanty living while in full employment ; but it also implies the capability of laying up , while in such employment , the means of comfortable life in old age , or of carrying the man

      through sickness or unwilling idleness without being . under the necessity of subscribing to a Eick club , cr . falling back for preservation npon a bastile estab- j Lshed ani upheld in horror for the very express purpose of affrighting him from it . Let us suppose , j then , a master in the position of a parson . For ' arguments sake , I admit his full right to one-tenth t ' of the produce of his whole flock . I suppose him to i employ one thousand » ' hands . " During ' thirty i years of speculation , I farther suppose him to haTe ; amassed , by the labour of those " hands , " one million \ sterling . By the church standard he -wonld become '•

      entitled to one hundred thousand pounds , or one- ; tenth , as his share ; thereby nakicg him equivalent , I as an individual , to one hundred of his workmen . ' At the end of the thirty years , thea , his share of the ' produce would be £ 100 , 000 or £ 5 fiQ 0 a year for ever ; i a very comfortable "resource"for anindividnal , besides - the whole capital which in the first instance he ' ' brought into trade . The other nino-ienths equally ; divided amongst those who made all , will amount to [ £ 900 per . man . That , gentlemen , 5 s the real mean- ! icg of the term " resource" ! Suppose each indivi- j dual to have worked for thirty yearsj from the age 1 of 15 to 45 , is he not in the autumn of life better

      entitled to a retiring salary than the Judge after fourteen years comparatively easy labour ! than the Bailor , the soldier , the exciseman , or the host of pensioners and placemen , who , without labour , are gartered upon the resources" of the workmen ? Now , gentlemen , whether wonld your order derive the most benefit from the individual who retires with £ 1 , 000 , 000 of money , leaving the pauperised slaves who made it as a charge upon the poor-rates paid now by you ; or from a community of one ihousand retired labourers , with £ 45 , 000 per annum , the interest of £ 900 , 000 , the accumulated " resource " * fter thirty years labour ?

      Gentlemen , wonld the most depraved of that Email community require a policeman to teach him his obedience to the laws !—Would a nation consisting of such communities require a large standing army to preserve the peace of the country 1 or would not the cup of labour be sweetened for those who through the thirty years probation bsw at the end the prospect of an honourable , retirement rather thaa the degrading horror of a celd bastile ! There is no sentiment of

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      which you are fonder than that " ihe people are ihe legitimate source of all power ; and that " labour is the only source of wealth " Then why give to the streams that spring from it thosa privileges which you deny to the source from whence all flow ? What is your ambition through life ! What is the ambition of the master manufacturer ? What the ambition of the Barrister ! What is the strongest ambition of all who make profit of labour ! Is it not the anticipation of one day leaving the field-, of speculation with the assurance of a comfortable retirement in the winter of life

      Would not the fond hope soften down all temporary suffering and irritation ? and would not the race , though uneven in the running ,- be reconciled to all by the stakes at the end , presented as a reward for thirty years of toil ? Now , gentlemen , give me leave to ask you , now many of your order can / hope for such a release ? and who deprives you of the boon ? Whether is it the one individual who vests his million of money made by the labour of a thousand other " hands , " and vested as his retiring

      : salary in mortgage upon land , or the purchase of i land , or in the funds , or a railroad speculation , or a i-mining speculation , or a bankiDg speculation ; none ¦ of which return to you one particle of profit ; or is ; it the ene thousand M hands , " who should have i received a . fair share of the profits of their labour for thirty years of hard servitude ? I Gentlemen , I have the honour to remain , Your obedient humble Servant , Feabgus O'CoNKoa .

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      TO THE IMPERIAL CHARTISTS . Mt Friends , — You who condescend to read the organs of the factions will have observed that the London Times-, the Manchester Guardian , and the Manchester Advertiser , have resorted to the most despicable and dastardly means of creatipg dissention in our ranks , by engendering suspicion and jealousy against your leaders , and actually taunting some of-them for not urging the oppressed an 4 starving population of North Lancashire into a " physical" outbreak . Speeches never made , were reported to have been uttered by working men

      designs never imagined , were said to have been ent-eftained ; and even justification for a resort to violence appeared in the columns of these very prints which have , from the commencement of our agitation , held up the threats of " physical force " as a justifiable reason , not only for withholding your rights , but for refusing to hear your complaints . Add to this source of misrepresentation , one Dr . Taylor , a tourist , publishes language which he professes to have heard from the lips of working men , not as a warning ( as he states ) to tao Government , but with a view of placing the working

      classes of ^ orth Lancashire under superintendence of spies and informers . The Times assured its readers that F . O'Connor and Dr . M'Douall were afraid to meet the hurricane of pauperism in North Lancashire . What , however , is the fact I I spent the whole of last week in the most impoverished towns of that district ; and Dr . Jl'Douall , while I write , is now following me over the same ground . Without further reference to those organs that write f * r the Jury , the advertising , and the oppressing . classes , I shall proceed to lay before you a true narrative of my seven days' tour .

      I commenced at Manchester , on the evening of Sunday week , by addressing the Carpenter ' s Hall full of the middle and working classes . I there met on the Sabbath honest , moral , and religious Christians without their Sunday clothes . 1 saw , for the first time in my life , the middling classes eyeing that poverty in oiheis ( which was the sure prelude to their own ) with an eye of compassion and sorrow . I saw them subscribing their half-sovereigns , their crowns , and their half-crowns , for the defence of Mason , the Chartist , whom , together with , his coadjutors they would , three years ago , have pronounced

      ** guilty" without evidence . Thus has a change come o ' er the spirit of their dream ! " But , my friends , I' also learned that we had received an augmentation to our forces from a far more important quarter , —from the aristocracy of Labouh . Yes I I had the ' heart-fe ! t gratification to learn that the gallant trades , having at length discovered the impossibility , of protecting their order by " trades unions" so long as class legislation exists , had nearly to a man joined the associated body of Chartists . Is not thi 3 anew feature in the history of Chartism ?

      On Monday morning I proceeded to Halifax , where I addressed a large body of the working classes on Skircoat Moor , as noticed in last week's Siar . I then proceeded to Todmorden , where I addressed the people briefly . I then proceeded with Beesley , of Accrington , and Holland , of Burnley , en route to Burnley ; and when within two miles Of that town , we met such a concourse of men , women , and children , attended by such a number of flags and bands as , considering the population of the locality , no human eye ever witnessed before . The oldest maa had never seen such a

      spectacle ; and great was the moral lesson which the Btarving thousands presented to their oppressors ' eyes . ' Poverty , undisguised poverty , marching in peaceful tranquillity through the beautiful but uncultivated , valley where many had drawn their first breath ; and which , if cultivated by their hands would be capable of supporting them in comfort and affluence . Their God ordained it so ; but man has otherwise decreed !

      The miserably joyous scene as the procession passed under the aqoaduct was grand in the extreme . The rising ground from the foot to the very summit was covered , principally with females , ¦ vshone varied attire rendered the scene at once beautiful , melancholy and striking . But you have seen a report of our proceedings ; and therefore I shall pass from Burnley without further notice ihan offering thanks to the starving thousands for having by their peaceful demeanour frustrated the machinations of our enemies . At the conclusion of our out-door proceedings I took a show of hands for the whole Charter , name and all ; and every hand in the meeting expressed , the Eolemn vow that by the whole they would stand , without abatement or subtraction .

      In the evening we had a glorious assemblage under a calico-roofed pavilion ; tbe covering oi which cost the poor fellows more than £ 15 . However they assured me they would spend the enm again , or double the amount , to ensure such another triumph for their principles .

      . COLNE . On Tuesday morning I left Burnley in company with Beesley , to meet the Colne procession ; and notwithstanding that the rain fell in torrents , a glorious demonstration it wa 3 ! I addressed the people in the Piece Hall , at noon , at considerable length . Mr : Mooney , a staunch Irish Chartist , was in the chair , and conducted the proceedings in a most becoming manner . Beesley and Tattersall also addressed the meeting in sound and eloquent i speeches . : At five o ' clock the working men had got I up f publio dinner , which did them great credit .

      ' and to which I was invited as a guest . At six [ o ' clock we again repaired to the Hall , where a Mr . Laycock , a person possessing great influence amongst the middling classes , bad invited me to a discussion npon the questions of machinery ' and fxeb thadb . He read a very lengthy ! address which he had prepared as a leotnre ! to have been delivered and published , I replied , i examining every one of hi 3 positions , and with so much effect , that he invited me to pass ! the night at his house , and confessed that his mind j had been wholly and entirely disabused of tbe preijudicewiich the press had created against me ; and

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      farther that he saw and believed in the reasoning and strength of my arguments . This more than repaid me for my journey to Colne . PADIHAM . On Wednesday morning I started for Clitheroe by way of Padiham , where it was arranged , with the consent of the masters , that their " hands" should all be set at liberty to hear me , and to remain for thr « e hours , if necessary . This Padihaia used to be a favourite spot of Henry Hunt's ; and the seed which he sowed was made manifest in the enthusiasm , attention , and shrewdness which I observed

      CLITHEROE . From Padiham I proceeded to Clitheroe , which is perhaps as yet the least pauperised of the North Lancashire districts . I am happy to be able to mention this circumstance in proof of the faot that pauperism alone is not the only propelling motive to the adoption of Chartist principles . Wo had the most numerous procession ever witnessed in that town , either upon Reform or election occasions . The Chartists had engaged a beautiful walled-in bowling-green , where an excellent hustings was ereoted . Mr . Slater was called to the chair , and

      Mr . Beesley arid myself addressed the meeting at considerable length . At six o ' clock , I eat down to a public dinner with the working men , where the very best order possible prevailed ; and at eight we proceeded to the aristooratio Assembly Rooms attached to the Swan Hotel , which , notwithstanding threepence admission was charged , was crowded to suffocation , while hundreds were obliged to go away disappointed . Mr . Pollard , a young and enthusiastic Chartist , from Sagden , was called to

      the chair , and opened the proceedings in a brief but eloquent and manly address . Beesley followed ; and , without flattery , made one of the best Chartist speeches I ever heard . I spoke , for nearly two hours , upon taxation , machinery , the land , the church , the wrongs of Ireland , and the injustice done to labour . We had a large number of the middle classes present ; the majority of whom , upon that night and the following morning , admitted to the Chartists that my positions and arguments were unshakeable and unanswerable .

      ACCRINGTON . On Thursday morning I left Clitheroe , accompanied by Beesley and Slater , for Accrington , where I had promised to address tho people on my way to Blackburn ; and in this village , to the honour of the majority of the masters , they set their "hands" at liberty . We m ^ t a procession ( estimated by the judges at more than 16 , 000 ) , with numerous bands and banners . We proceeded to a large square , well

      suited for the occasion , and where an excellent hustings waa erected . Beesley and myself addressed the meeting at considerable length . A resolution for tho whole Charter , name and all , was unanimously carried ; and thus terminated the largest and most splendid meeting ever held iu Accrington . After the out door meeting we sat down to a public dinner ; and at five o ' clock we proceeded in procession from Accrington to meet the Blackburn procession .

      BLACKBURN . Within about two miles of the town theAccringtOft and Blackburn processions met , when the road for more thaa a mile was densely filled . A great number of bands and banners enlivened the scene ; and thus we entered Blackburn , when , in an oponspace , I addressed the vast assemblage . We subsequently adjourned to the Theatre which was filled in every part ; the middling classes occupying the boxes ; while the labouring order filled the stage , the gallery , and the pit . After my address several of the middle class waited upon me , and in the presence of the Chartist body , apologised for the injustice they had done tome , and for the erroneous notions they had entertained of tho Charter and the Chartists .

      PRESTON . On Friday evening , I started for Preston ; and though at the time of meeting the rain fell in torrents , yet one moment of reviving sunshine was sufficient to ensure not a muster of 7 or 800 Chartists , as the Preston Chronicle has it , but of three timeB as many thousands . Hero I found that Bpirit which was created by the immortal Hunt still vigorous and alive ; and notwithstanding some foul and disgraceful attempts to create division in our ranks , Friday night proved to me that if feuds and dissensions do exist , those who entertain them and would perpetuate them must keep them to themselves , as the Chartist body will in no wise suffer

      itself to be disunited by the squabbles of individuals . At nine o'clock we again assembled in a large roem attached to the King ' s Head , when that excellent Chartist , George Halton was called to ths chair- I addressed the assembly at considerable length ; and I was rejoiced to find that-in comparatively small as in lar ^ e meetings of the working men all attempts to create dissension will fail . I never witnessed a more patient bearing , sounder discretion , on more generous conclusions than I saw evinced in the in-door assembly of Preston Chartists on Friday night last . They have to go on in the even tenor of their way , and they may bid defiance to all opposing parties .

      LANCASTER . On Saturday evening , at half-past seven , I arrived at the railway station , and was met by a large concourse of people , with a band . At half-past eight , accompanied by Beesley , I reached the large warehouse given for the occasion by some middle-class man . The chairman , whose name I regret to have forgotten , opened the proceedings in a speech of considerable length and power ; and called upon Mr . Lunn , a plasterer , to move a resolution , which he did in good aad happy style ; and in passing I should be guilty of an act of great injustice was 1 to omit stating that to the exertions of Lunn , the Chartists mainly owe the powerful and exalted position , which they occupy in this city ; and I

      rejoice to think that the Chartists themselves are fully aware of the fact . Beesley seconded ths resolution , which was for the whole Charter , name and all , and was carried nnanimoasly . An address was then presented to me from the Chartist body ; I responded at considerable length , and upon Sunday morning I had the pleasure and gratification to learn from my friends that it was the unanimous opinion that , however I may have failed to convert all of the middle class who attended our meeting , I had succeeded in destroying the deep and longrooted prejudice which existed against them and me ; and had prepared their minds for a fair and calm consideration of the people ' s claims to what they songht . '

      And thus , my friends , terminated one of tte most useful , and , I trust , profitable tours that I have ever made on your behalf , —proving to the faoiionB' press that we cannot bb disunited ; and proving to those slimy agitators who , the honest working classes themselves have assured me , never lost an opportunity for a sly and ungenerous thrust at me in my absence , that to deeds of man himself , and not to the foul suspicions of others , all must look for affection , popularity , and public confidence . I am , Your undeviating and unflinching friend , Feabgus O'Connob . Leeds , Tuesday , July 5 , 1842 .

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      KEw FEUOzf . —On Tuesday , June 28 tb , Mr West delivered a lecture at TSew Pellon on the Injuries that class legislation inflicts npon the people . In tbe evening of the same day , a public tea was held in tbe Chartist School Room , when a number of the friends of democracy sat down to an excellent tea and provisions , which were served up in good order . Aftet tea , a Charter Association was formed , of which the following . are the Council : —Messrs . William . Wilkinson , Jamea Tully , Joseph Carter , John Boys , sub-Treasurer ; John Cockeroft , Bub-Secretary . The remainder of tbe evening was spent in an amusing and instructing manner .

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      Cftarttel : 3 Eiit * K&iitc *

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      Aberdeen . —Qn Thursday evening last , Mr . Ross , teacher , from Arbroath , delivered a lecture in the Chartist Hall , George ' s-streot After which a collection was made , the proceeds of which were h&nded over to the building fund of a new ball about to be -OKeted ' - i ^ t ; -tte ' . accomiaodatiph '' ibJi '^ the- 'WOrkr ing classes of this city . The subject of the lecture waa Man and his R'ghta , which Mr . Boss handled in an able and eloquent manner , shoving to the evident Batijfaotion of all present , that aUaien were equal in the sight of him who created . them , and that man , by whatever title he might be nicknamed , was nothing more than the equal of his fellows ; therefore , eVery man , by the laws of QoA and nature , bad the same rights and privileges conferred upon him . He then

      ontered at some length into the present depressed state of the country , and said he expected that by this time we should have hiul the middle ' classes amongst us ; yet he had been cruelly iriistiken ; they had . eaten tfae cow , but , alas ! they bad ¦ ¦ chocked' on the tail . He had fought with them for eighteen months , bub he would fight with them no more ; ho'had given them up for a bad lot—a self-conceited lot , and unworthy of the name of men . They would go with the wericing classes so far a * their crptchota and party purposes Were concerned , but no farther . It \? as his honest ( jonviction that they would never come out fora full measure of justice to the people , until they were reduced to the saniQ state . o £ poverty as the working classes are at prewHjrt , and tho working min reduced to ] a state ten

      times worse than starvation , ( if such a state' there could be , ) and then , and then only , hiight we expect any good at the hands of these men . But there was yet another class of men that he ' .-must not overlook on the present occasion , and that class was the clergy , thdman who , by their sophistries , had endeavoured to make all the Chartists out to be infidels ; but he hoped he would soon be able to Bhow that they ( the clergy ) were the greatest inSdels of the present day . Mr . Rosa here took a pencil and wrote on a piece of papV ; r the ^^ word Truth , and showed it to the audience , and asked them if they saw the word ? Yu 3 , yes , was responded from different parts of the building ; he then covered tne wotd Truth with a half-crown piece , and . asked them if they

      could see the Truth now 1 No , no , was tho repty . Neither can the parsons Bee it frrthoir salary , saul Mr . Ross . You have now diEcoverod the whole secret why the pnrsoii 3 cannot see tho truth , and I need not say one word juore regarding them . The only advice ho would give them wap to clear away the rubbish that covered truth , and the parsuns -would soon find their oyeaight , again . After un eatuest appeal to the woi'kin ? men to st ; in < l by th-jir own order , and to . go an bravely in the good cause , Mr . Ross sat dawn ttmiiiat the hearty plaudits of . the assembly . Mr . Henry followed in the name strain for eome time , and gave great satisfaction . Af ; er a vote of thanks to Mr . Ross , the meeting separated , highly pleased with the proceedings of the evening . .. r .

      The rsuAt Weekly Meeting of the Northern District Charter Union was held in the Hall , 38 , Grforge's-Htreet , on Monday evening last , Mr . A . "; Af ! Donald , who occupied the chair , opened the business of the meeting wilh a abort introductory address on the depressed state of tho -country ; thu miautes of the previous iueetvna ; s being read and confirmed , it was agreed to hold a social meeting and ball , on Friday , July 15 th , being the comuteneemsnt of these meetings for the se : i 8 on . the proceeds to go to the funds of the

      Union . The following res ilution was then moved by Mr . Barfcly , seconded , and agreed to : : —'' That this Union do not recognise any mau coming to . this part of the country lecturing on Chartism , unless he can produce sufficient credentia . ' s to show that he is a memtjer of our organisation , and ft man in whom the peopla places the greatest confidence . " Mr . John Jl * gge moved the following resolution , which w . ia seconded and carried , " That all discussions on tho subject of theology , and lectures of a sectarian nature be forbidden to take place in this Union . "

      Old Aberdeen . —A public meeting of the inhabitants of this place , was held in the Senate , in front of the Town-Hall , on . Friday evening , July 1 st ,-when excellent speeches were made by Messrs . A . Henry , A . M'Donald , S . M'Pherson , and J . tegge , and the reinonttrauce to the Parliament and the memorial to / the Queen were both ^ adopted , and a resolution p ; issed condemning the present urijust and unchristian wars in wfcich our country is involved ; after ; i lengthy discussion with the Rev , Mr , Bows on the principles of tbe Charter , in which the Rev Cjentlymaa . was handled rather smaitly by Messrs . Hsnry and . M'Pterson , the meeting separated ata very late hour . —Correspondent .

      Edinburgh . —we had , a very good meeting upon Calton Hill , on Friday oven ing last , for tht » purpose of adopting the memorial and reruontitr . ince to the Queen , and House of Commons ; both were carriedunanimouMly ; tbe speakers aU bearing upon the necessity ' of > Xertioh and unanimity for accomplishing tuo great object of our wisiies , political equality * and the bieBaino ; expected to flow from that measure . Tho most intense interest seemed to preyade the wiioleassembled multitude ; not a murmur was heard to interrupt the speakers save a cheer , or hear , bear , aa the diffrrent sentences excited approval or censur& The outskirts of the meeting were thickly studded with ( middlemen iind shnpocratd , who like expectants , seemed to snuff the savoury exhalement , and by their profound attention one might judge their approval of passing events .

      GJtEENOCK . —A great public out-door meeting vaa held here on July 1 st , for the purpose of rfeiuonttrating with the Legislature on the reckl assuesa of their conduct on the occasion of the presentation of the National Petition , and to memorialise the Queen to dissolve the present Parliament , and dismiss from office her present ministers . Mr . John Johnstone was called to the chair , who opened the business of the meeting by atating that a deputation had waited 011 the magistrates , requesting them to sanction the raeetir . g ; but they would not on account of tho great amount of misery and destitution that at present existed in this place ; an » i the feelings of the people being wrought up to tho desperation point by that misery ; he exhorted the people to act at this time as they had always done , being charac-1

      terised for good order . He rendthe bill calling the meeting , and called on Mr . R Burrell to proposo the first resolution . Air . R . Burreli then came forward , and submitted the following resolution to the meeting : — "That we , the inbtibitantu of Greenock , in publio meeting { issembled , View with feelings of horror : and heartfelt grief th « misery " and destitution that at present pervade tiie great muss of iho industrious classes of this country ; that we also feel deuj > ly that misery and destitution iu coumwn with our feilowworkmen throughout the land ; and that it has been tbe cause of much serious deliberation and inquiry into the came of it ; and the result of our inquiry has fully convinced us that class regulation is tiw ' . fountain from whence ^ 11 this national misery and degradation have

      sprung . We also view with foelitigs of indignation the manner in which the Legislature tamper- with our calamities and scoff , at our pr . iyers j rupre especially their recent conduct on tbe prestriaatum of tbe National Petition , aad Mr . Duncoiube ' s luoUoa surthe pfctitioneis to be heard at the bar of thu House that wo consider the conduct of Macauliy and others professing tp hold liberal-opinions , to be a gross insult to suffering humanity . We are of opinion tb « t i (' ftncti thing ? be , allowed much longer to exists they \ ri 11 Wii >^ .. . Jtbtiu . t ; a . crisis that ifc will be fearful to conttniplH ' . H , sei'iDg that ; tfee toiling masses have loxjg borne tfifir -niisi ries with a hope that the Legislature would trlVct such a change in the institutions of the country , without endangering the peace of society © r the security of property , ns 1

      would prevent such a state of thins . * from being . We are fully convinced that tho peaca of society osr security of property can never . be established . ' .. ' until such time as the whoJe people are fully and fairly rtpresented in Parliament ; and that we are . determined never to cease struggling for our just rights , by t-vw-y legal and constitutional means in our power , ' until the People's Charter is made the law of Great 'Britain : and Ireland . " — He concluded by a few appropriate reiiiarks . ; . ' Ptster Campbell briefly seconded it , wheullr . Mtirae , from Leith , came forward , ; and supporuvl the r ^ ao-ution in his usual soul-Etirring strain , in a speech replete with sound argument , carrjing the feelingvpf the immense multitude along vrith him , Mr , Joseph M'Lvan was next called on . to address the ' nitttiiiu , wheu he

      submitted the following resolution : — " That this meeting conceives it to bo a bitter mockery of ibi > wiisety and degradation under which the peopJe labour to tell them of their right to petition , whilst every unw of . their petitions is passed by unheeded , or treated--- ' . with contempt ; and , as theonly answer-to thepetitions of the enslaved millions has ever been tbV" laughter and jeers of those who live by their sweat and blood , we do hereby resolve to adopt the recommendation of Sir R . Peel , in his answer to the prayer of the 7 National Petition-, and are resolved to pntonrsp ! ve 8 in such a position by our union , prudence ; energy , and determination , so that when we next cdndeseaud : to approach the

      House of Commons they yrill hear ua effectually . We , however , agree to adopt the remonstrance and memorial recommended by ^ the Convention ; seeing it has been adopted by the country generally . " Mr . M'lean ably - supported the resolution in a speeth of considerable length , and replete with sound ' reasoning and arguments that could not be ] gainsaid . He also proposed— '' That the remonstrance' and memorial be remitted to R . Wallace , Esq ., M . P ., for piese » t&tioni : and that he be requested to present them at the proptrtiaie , when the others from various places are ready . ' - Mr . James Boyd briefly seconded the resolution . Mr M'Ciea read the memorial and remonstrance . The resolutions and memorial were adopted without a dissenting voice . The

      Untitled Article

      xemon&tance was considered to be too tame in its language , but was adopted . The 1 secretary ef the Universal Suffrage Association intimated that Mr . Robert Lowery would lecture in Greenock ou Wednesday next , when the meeting quietly dispersed , highly pleased with ths intellectual treat they had received . This was the largest meeting that has been here held since the demonstration in honour of Feargus O'Connor , Esq . —Correspondent . ' . ' ¦ ' ¦ ¦ . ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦' ¦ ' - . r '; . ' ' ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦'¦ ¦¦''¦;; . ¦ ¦¦¦ ¦¦' Campsie . —On Saturday evening a catnp meeting of the inhabitants was held in the Chartist hall , to

      hear addresses from Mr . Con Murray , and Mr . Brown from Glasgow , The Hall was densely fllledj Mr . Allen Davis in the ^ chair . Mr . Brown first addressed the meeting , and gave a very convincing and instructive speech which called forth" the approbation of the audience . Mr . Murray next addressed the meeting , in his usual earnest and impressive manner ; his subject was , the ; past , present , andl future prospects- of Ohartism . Twenty new members were enrolled . Ifter vptts of thank 3 to the speakers and chairman the meeting dissolved .

      Dumfries . —The holders of oatmeal having , in tho end of last week , laid an additional twopence npon the stone , and a report having been , circulated ' that a further advance was contemplated , a number of women and boys collected in Bridge-street , on Saturday evening , about dusk , and set about breaking the windows of a meal dealer there . Although at this period , a . few Words from any one In authority would have sufficed to disperse the crowd- —the ' active portion of which , neither then nor throughout the whole of the Tiot , exceeded two dozen , no attempt-was made to restore order ; and , no opposition being offered ,: the rioters proceeded to visit the shops of several other obnoxious dealers , the doors and windows of which in moat cases were totally destroyed . At leiigtb ,

      about midnight , the magistrates made their appearance ; and , having appointed about a hundred special constables , chiefly obtained by emptying tho : publicbouses of the juvenile scions of the shopocracy , the streets were cleared . . Several individuals ( many of them wholly unconnected with the row ) have been apprehended and lodged in jail ; and , on their examination yesterday , the often-expressed determination of the authorities to proceed against them with the law ' s utmost rigour , contrasted strangely with the apathy displayed while the rioters were doing their work . . A rumour was ; abroad yesterday that our weekly meeting upon the street in the evening was to be preventedi It was held notwithstanding , and proved a bumper ; and , better , perhaps , for both parties , was not interfered with . —Correspondent .

      Glasgow . —^ Bridoston . —A public meeting was held here on Wednesday evening , in the Chartist Hall , Dale-street , Mr . W . Shanks in the chair . Messrs . Mohv Roas , &a ., from the city , were announced to address tho meeting . The hall was crowded to suffocation , and many had to go away who could not gain admitfince . Mr .: Jfpir spoke at some length on the necessity of au active union amongst the workiag classes , and urged on the meeting the necessity of joiuing iblie Glasgow Charter Association . Mr . M . charged thbso who stood neutral more with dishonesty than carelessness , and should any of them . come to want , they deserved to feel the fruits of thuir criminal apathy ; so far : as he | Mr . Moir ) was concerned , he would feel no sympathyfor them . Let the Chartists make common

      cause with each ; other , and no power on . earth could prevent them being successful ; if they did not , the cause would fall , and he would tell them what would be the result—the midcUe and upper classes would take it up and pay the expense , aud they would make the people pay for it in the long run . This was not to be the case ; let every man act as if success depended upon himself . He ( Mr . 'M . ) had done more to put down those devils of Whigs in Glasgow than any other fifty ; and why ? jtot that . he had done every thing he could have done as one mon . So much was this felt by "the factions , that they were found to declare "they could not get their opinions expressed for ' - ' Hurt fellow Mpii . " Had all acted as he had done , the Chattar would have been the law of the land erenow . Mr . Moir , at the

      close of hia address , said he would call upon any man in the meeting , who considered it to be his duty to join the Glasgbw Charter Association , at the earliest possible convenience , ta hold up their right hand ; but before doing so , bo would appeal to them not to hold up their bands , if they were : not fully determined to fulfil their promise . .. Mr .-. Rdss said all political commentators had declared thut union waa strength ; he hoped they would rally round the standard of the Glasgow Charter Assocititien . The counsel for Fioati during his defence , in referring to the Charter , said that when the majority of the nation declared for it , it would be unavailing for wealth and prdpiarty to resist it He ( Mr . Ross ) had been connected with politics for the last twenty-five years , and had always been a loser , lout yet he hoped to liyo to eat of tree of liberty . He had full hopes of their efforts being successful . Mr . Moit book a show of hands in favour of

      joining the Glasgow Charter Association . Nearly the whole meeting held up their hands . A CommUtee was then appointed for the selling of tickets in Bridgston . Upwardsof fifty gave in their names to the Secretary , Mr . Brown , before leaving the hall ; -and Mr . Rosa disposed of a number of tickets , among '' ' 6 thers > one to Mr . Wai . Johnson , of the " Complete Suffrago" Committee . Mr . Johnson prged on the people present to give earnest proof of their attachment to the Charter by com ' ng forward and joining the Association . He was connected with another Association , still he was ready to support the Charter Association . He waa ready to canvass for either ; let the people declare which of them to join , and he ( Mr . J . ) would act With them . After a hearty vete of thanks to Messrs . Rosa and Moir , and those friends who accompanied them from the town , and their excellent Chairman . This highly interesting meeting broke up in the bestposaiblb harmony .

      GoxiBAis . —The adjourned discussion on Mr . Murray's lecture came off on Friday evening , Mr . Grabam in the chair . Tbe discussion Wi » continued to eleven O ' clock , W&enifc was ftrsolved that Con stiould reply on soniti future nigtit , to be fiied by Mr . J . Cameron and the coinuutWe . Tho following resolution was moved by Mr . Jumes Dowcs : —** That it is the opinion of this meeting that the' New Move' is unnecessary , and if supported , calculated to injure the best interests of the working classes , inasmuch as its tendency is te divide arid not to unite the people . We therefore pledge ourselves to join and support the Glasgow Charter

      Assoc ation . " An amendment was moved by Joseph Kerr , in support of Complete Suffrage , with a string of other irrelevant matter . At the suggestion of Mr . J Culquhoun , the : amendment was confined to . Complete Suffrage , in order that the two qutstions might be fairly tested . On the vote being taken , ten hands were held up for the amendment ; fur the motion , the rest of the meetiDg . We have retrained from giving any of the discuBbion for certain reasons , but we trust the manly and straight forward castigation administered by Mr . James Downs to some of the parties will have its due effect .- •¦ ¦ - ' ¦ - '¦ ¦ ''¦ ¦¦¦ ' ' .: ¦ ¦ '¦ ¦ . ' ¦ . ' ¦ ' ¦ ' / . :. ' : ' ' - ; ¦ . ¦

      A General meeting of the comb and horn spoon makfcrs was held on Monday eyening last , Mr . Pettigrew in the chair . The following resolution .. was mo-vi } tx by ftir . Henry WorlJng , secouded by Mr . Dugald and carried unanirripuBly ;—* ' That this meeting is of © pinion that our trade has suffered much from , and owes its present distressed condition in a great degree to the baneful influence of machinery , its ( machinery ) operations being through class-made laws , rendered a curst ) instead of a blessing , inasmuch 08 our hands

      aro thereby being daily thrown out of employ , while no other provision is made for them ; and being convinced tbat those pressing evilfl can alone be remedied by making that document commonly called the People ' s Ccarfcer , the law of the land , we agree to join the Glasgow Gharte * Association , and pledge onrselves to use every constitutional means in our power to promote thw object * of the same . " The meeting then agreed to meet every Monday evening till tlie trade is fully orgautsed , and an interim committee was appointed to carry out the above object .

      HUDDEKSFXEIfD . —Agreeable to announcsme ut : m 1 . Hubs attended what is called a camp meeting on Suuday last , on the summit of oiir famed Castle Hill . Tue labour and toil required to attain so great an aiticiiue > s amply rewarded by the rich : and varied scenery tflat presents itself to the eye , which extends for mitefl iu every direction ; there human , beings can inhale natine ' d purest breeze . Swarms of persons were seen wendiEg their way to the place of meeting from all me aujuiuing districts , and it was thought at oue time there could not be less than fifteen thonsand present- Mr . Ross delivered a most eloquent and impressive lecture in favour of the People ' s Charter . ^ -pn Monday night Mr . Ross gave a lecture to a crowded audience , in the Guild Hall , in this town , in defence of the rights of labour and the justness of the People's Charter , to which he did ample justice .

      Buey . —A public meeting of tho inhabitants of Buiy , convened by requisition , was held in the Working Man's Hail , Garden-street , on Saturday evening , to adopt the remonstrance and the memorial to the Queen . Mr . J . Lomax , a working coal miner , was unanimously called to preside , who opened the ^ business of the meeting with a few appropriate remarks , and then called upon Mr . fl . Hardwick , to move the memorial , which was seconded by Mr . M , Ireland , and supported by Mr . William Dixon , in a speech of some length , and when put was carried new . cow . Mr . M , Roberts , in a speech which occupied half an hour , moved tbe remenstrai ^ ce to the House oCCommons , which was seconded by Mr . James Yates , a coal miner . Mr . D . Roes , of Manchester , supported the remonstrance , in a bold argumentative speech , which occupied near two hours in tho delivery . The Chairman put it and it was carried unanimously After cheere for the Charter , the meeting dissolved .

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      BIRMINGHAM . —Dcddeston Row , Open Air MEETnvG . —The usual meeting vfaa held at this how celebrated place , on Monday evening last , at naif-past seven o ' clock ; at ¦ which time : Mr . George White proceeded to address tho assembly . : He said that bis chief object was to instil into the minds of bis fellowwoiking men the position which they might occupy in society , and tbe comfort and happiness which might be enjoyed by each member of the human family , if they had the power of developing the resources which nature supplied in sufficient abundeuce to satisfy the waats of all ; and , as the obstinacy and igijoranqe of the ruling powers , was an obstacle which must be surmoantea before they could hope to enjoy thoss benefits . It was , therefore , the duty of all mea to

      exert themselvoSi in order that the Government of the country should act as the protectors and friends of the working classesiirjsWad of ; being , as at present ,-their greatest curse :: Under , tha . present state of society a man might have tfa « beat of motives , and the purest and best feelings , yet , if he could not conform to tbe rascally modes by which wealth is attained at the present day , and was thereby reduced to a state of penury , he was asiaiied by every little profit-bunting knave , as lazy as dishonest ; and many a noble-hearted and generous man had been all but hunted to death , bV haviug the misfortune of jiving in what was pomponsly termed a state of ciyil ) Z > tion . " He understood by the word " ciirilJzation" a poUshed and refined state of existence , compared or contrasted with a

      former period of man ' s history ; but he maintained that the working classes were n 6 ver more bruta ? i 8 « d than they were at present , and that the whole of their misery emanated from the trading and profit-hunting system , called " civilization . " By some sort of Jegerdeinain or thimblerigg system ^ the whole of the creation was claimed as the property of those tyfao never worked , whilst those who produced everything were doomed to a life of sorrow and wretohednees , of what value then was this boasted wealth and civilization to the outcast working classes , when they fonnd that every fresh addition which their industry aadfcgenulty made to the wealth of the rich ytsa made use of by them to oppress the producer ? So long as the workfng classes were kept in blind ignorance of theh ? rights he could not blame them . But now that they had so many opportunities of knowing the real cauae of tbeir miseries , they would be their own oppressors if

      they neglected the means which were now at their disposal to procure ''¦ their- emancipation . He then pro-, caeded to explain the blessings whicli would flow from a Government emanating from the whole people , and called on all present to join the National Charter Asspciatton . Re also showed up the villauous treatment which Mr . Mason and the Sedgley men had experienced from the Stafford authorities , and gave hetice that ha should continuei to address a meethig on that spot every Monday evening , and also in the large field near the Asylum , bottom df Summer-lane ; every Sunday morniDg , at hBlf-pastteri , and every Taesday evening , at Buvea o ' clock .: He then departed for the Association Ruom , Aston-street t acoompehied by a large nnmbar of perrons Upwards of forty persons have enrolled their name 3 at Duddeston-row , and it is determined to haye the books and cards af the meetings in future , for the convenience of those who cannot attend the room . V

      Summer-Lane Meetino . —Mr . White addressed a meeting iuth 8 large field near the Vulcan Foundry , on Sunday morning last , at haifTpast tea o ' clock ; and another at the same place on Tuesday evening . ; At the conclusion of his address , nine persons enrolled their names in the National Chai-tsr Association . .. ; AsTON-STaEEX Meeting , — -The usual meeting was held at this place , on Sunday evening last , Mr . St « wart in the chair . He delivered an appropriate address on the death of Samuol Hblberry , of Sheffield , and introduced Mr . White , who read the report of Holberry'a funerai from the Northern Star , The ^ meeting listened to the repoit with great atttntiori , and ¦ wainily applaiided the speech of Mr . G . j . Haxiey on the above melancholy occasion . :

      Monday Evening Meeting . —The ; membera of the absociation mustered strongly on Monday evening , when the minutes of the council wera read over by Mr . George White , and confirmed by ; the meeting . The chairman , -Air . Walter Thorne , then addressed the members on behalf ef Mrs . Mason , and recommended a collection to be iiiade on her behalf , after which Mr White went , at some length , into the plans which were intended to be adopted ' . by the council for the hotter guidance of the association , and reported on the steps which had been taken to procure a Commodious place of meeting . Mr . J . WiUiamson afterwards delivared an energetic address as to the best means of securing a proper place ,- after which the meeting separated .

      Mr . Mason , and the other Prisoners at . Stafford . —At the Council meeting , held at AstpnstreeS , Birmingham , on Sunday last , it was resolved to cill a conference , of the members ef ^ he National Charter / Association , to ; assemble at ABton-Btreet , on Tuesday eyening , July 12 th , when it is proposed to choose four persons to act on behalf of Birmingham at a geri 6 ral delegate meeting of the counties of Gloucester , Worcester , Warwick , and Stafford , the localities to add ona each , from their body > when the necessity of providing a permanent fund for the support of the wives and familic-si of Mr . , Mason and the others , the nieens of tuppoLting one lecturer or more for the use of these counties , and otherwise consolidating our strength * will be taken into consideration . The : attentioa of the various sub-Sscretaries in . those counties are earnestly requested to this important subject , arid any cosJUiunications they hava to send are reqassted to be forwarded to the Corresponding sub-Secretary , Mr George White , 38 ^ Bromsgrove-street , Birmingham .

      Ca > V £ rton . —The Chartisfs met as useqI and proceeded to the busineas of tiie association ; . _ It waa agreed to , engage the Sutton and Nottingham bands that had offered their services for ^ the occasion ; to parform at the O'Connor demonstration . A soiree or tea party will be held ; which is to take place on the last Monday in the month . Every necessary preparation is being niade for the occasion . Tickets at one shilling oach' may bo had of Messrs Calldine , Hucknall Torkarcl ; Morris ; Bnlwell , near New Market-streat ; Watts , Oxton ; J ! pperstone , Woodborough , Lowdtmm ; Blidworth , Calverton ; Street , Lambley / and Sweet , Nottinghiim ; Emerson , Arnold i Allwright , Old Basford Flatt ; Mitchell , schoolmaster , Chapel ; Pacer , Cricketcourt , Nottingham ; Mrs . Smith , news-agent ,

      'Warsefgate ; Hankin , C . urington : ; Ellis , Arneld ; ReviU , Daybrook ; R ^ eve , Hyson Green ; Nailer , New Baeford ; Morley , Sherwood ; Sanderson , Old Rariford ; Cooper , W « itson's Building ; and ; Harrison ,: Calverton . All tickets must be solda clear week before the tea takes place ; and every ticket vender will-forward bis money to Mr , Sweet , Godsegate , on Monday , ; July the 18 th , by twelve o ' clock . The loans of flags and banners from the surrounding associations will be duly appre ciated , aiid it is to be hoped - tbe whole county of NottingUam ' , ¦ will 4 o its duty on that day , and firmly establish the tree of freedom in this agricultural diBtrict CHA . LFORD . —Trade is in & most , alarming state in this place , we have but three mills at work , where we formerly had twenty ; those three are not half employed , and truck shops attached to these . Their operatives are so reduced that they dare not complain

      or they are subject to a months' drilling , that is , sent home to live upon their means for a month . Wages are reduced to a very low ebb ; there have been three reductions since Christmas , throughout the wholo of the trade . What was formerly given" two pounds for is now only , niniteeu shillings ; the cloths are now made three ells longer for the nineteen shillings than they were formerly for the . tvf 6 peunds . Our poor rates are tripled ; - we have 580 crammed in our bastile , and poverty is got to a deplorable condition ; this , in the midst of summer ^—how we , shall co ntend with the winter , God only knows . This priest-ridden and poverty'smitten spot will be visited by Mr . Millsori , of Cheltenham , next Sunday , July the 10 th , when we shall hold a camp meeting on Bisley Common , at half-• past two o ' clock in the afternoon , phalford is situate twelve miles from Gloucester , twelve from Cheltenham , eight frouiCireuceater , and four from Stroud .

      WtACCESFiaiiB . —On Monday : evening Mr . John West delivered a lecture in the Market-place , to nearly 8 , 000 people . He entered largely into the working of the- ajeteui on the different classes and interests of society , and clearly proved to the middle classes ( large numbers of whom were present ) that while class lsgislatioh existed there could be no prosperity for them , nor safety for their property . A vote of thanks was carried to Mr . West ; a vote of coufidence in Feargus O'Connor aM the Northern Star ; and three tremendoua pheera were given for the Charter and the people , and the vast multitude separated . Buch a meeting has not been held in Macclesfield for a length of time .

      DuRBfAia . —On Monday evening last , Mr . Charles Connor delivered a lecture en the Sands , to a good audience , who listened to * bo lecturer with' prof . and attention ; and at the close a universai demonstration of approbation was displayed by a shew of bands , and other signs of gratification . Tha lecturer shewed , in hia usual clear manner , that all property had its origin in labour , and that all property was protected but labour , and also that all property was represented but labour . He richly commented on things as they are , and as they " should be ,: and coDcluded . by strorigly recommending the workisg men to a closer union , for the establishing of their claim to Universal Sufiiage , and the other . points of the glorious Charter .

      Newcastle . —The Chartists held their usual Weekly business meeting in their Hall , Goat Inn , Cloth market , on Monday eyening . Mr . Dees havbag been unanimously called to the chair , the secretary read-: the mmuteB of th © previous meeting , when Messrs . Smith , Phenix and Hay , took their seats as members of the general council . Mr . Frankland moved tho following resolution , which was seconded by Mr . Hay , and carried unanimously , — " That in the opinion of . this Association , nothing can be more injurious to the Chartist cause than bickerings between our Mends , and we would advise that any differences that may in future arise amongst our leaders be left to arbitration , or

      decided by private letter , as we ara firmly resolved' not to support any leader who may disgust our ears or Injure aur cause by any party cavilling . " Moved by Mr . Frankland , and seconded by Mr . Finlay , —* ' That a Tote of the confidence of this Association be tendered to each of the present National Executive Committee , respectively , and that tbe same be inserted in the Northern Star . " Carried unanimously . Several Bums were paid : in for tbe lecturer ' s fund . Volunteers were appointed : to become collectors for Holberry ' a widow fund , viz ., Messrs . Fleming , Wilkinson , Purvis , and Finlay , and after a lengthy discussion upon local tmaineBs tie meeting aajouwied .

      To The Middling Classes

      TO THE MIDDLING CLASSES

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      wf ^^^*^^^^^^^^^^ r ' Bli _ / jBJ . . " \^^^^ L ' " - _^^^ m ¦ IH "' * ' ¦""¦ - ¦ ¦ -- "' ¦ ¦ ¦ f ^^^ k' ' ^ ^^ r ^^ \ y ^^ m - '¦ : ' - ¦ AND LEEDS GjE ^ BJBjJ ^^ : ^^ P ^^ 6 ^ Sj ^ f ^ - - V- .::- ^^! . ^ -

      Untitled Article

      YOL . Y . 1 ^ 0 . 243 . SATURDAY , JULY 9 , I 84 g . : ; : ""^ SJ ? , gfStg ^

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 9, 1842, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct896/page/1/