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Northern Star (1837-1852), 26th March 1842, Edition 5 of 5, Page 6, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      HOUSE OF CO 5 IMOXS , Feidat , Maech IS . The Hon . James Howard vras brought up in custody of the SaigKiEt , and , on explanation , was discharged oil payment cf to fees . On ins proposition , tnat ttie Speaker leave tne chair , in order tiat xhe House -nr . gbi resolve itself into & Committee of ways and means , Mr . F . T . Baiuxg rose , and claimed the right of entering on the general question of the financial egndition cf the country , before the House resolved its elf into a Committee . He pointed out an error in excess , in the statement of t ' i $ deficiency in the finances , awo-unting to £ 100 , 000 , -which he begged to present to Sir Robert Peel as the first fruita of his { Mr . Barings ) " fishing for a budget" en the opposition side of the House . He did not consider Sir Robert Peel to be -sraxrant-ed in

      bis calculation ttat the falling tff in the revenue wis litely to be permanent . He entered into some arithmetical statements on the subject of th 2 deficiency , and contended that it -sriis owirc to casualties , such as the Canadian insurrection and u' . her extraordinary and unforeseen events , for -which the late Government ougb ; not to be denied acconntabla He held it a mistake to suppose that taxation -unon consuTcible articles iad reached its limits . He then erit-rsd into some riefecca cf the tinincial measure yropest-d "by Moiielf and hU coii =. Eues lost year , dwelling yaxticzhzrlj on the sugar dutica , -vr iaereof tie redncnVn ¦ would , he faid , have mere than compensated the r- ; Tinu 2 by increcsin ? : the cor-sumi-tion . The sources to whldi he fcr . 1 thsn looked -sreT ? not exir . nsitd e , > tt , r . ud it was , tfc-rcxre . ucallowibry as

      yet d reic-rt to t ' oat-extreme t : s Tvn : ; h U : is Govcrn-H 2 er r -sms seeking % o Ilvj . Tea ivc-w plaa ~ as t ? raise £ 4 . 300 , 000 , cf vhich only £ 3 . 000 . C-Oj TT 2 . 5 requ Ted to meet tfee u-f ; :-. 2 Ct , the renr ^ indsr btir ^ ir . « r .-. ; L-i to effect 6 lter .-tior . s ia . the tiriS " , an-. l dF ^ rd a sutvIjs f , r other crj ^ c ts . He -c-cnlo . r . oi 50 iris nnnute pirrx i ' r . rs with-reapect to the tariff ; cut fee -wunld priest stains : its general principle of making sceh a difference ^ etwrtz the duties on crl-rnal and ca ic-rilzn com- ^ .-diti-s-is ¦ would amouDt to a prLuVMtvjr . on the liV . : ¦ - . I : -svsb absurd enough to se ? r . " prottction of 10 * p ^ r Ccat . upon colonial asses and Ci > --sial £ <* a d « Co- o-jue ; rut "what he mainly coiEplair ;; . -. ! cf ~ --3 . that ibis duty -was not fixed for the suk-. j -: £ thas 3 articles , cut for the sate of eitabllsiiiri : a ctiitr :. ! principle cf

      prohititory protection in favour of iis colonies . This schedule ictroducea no fewer th-u 24 . 0 Sv .-w pr .-trcir ^ . s to colonial siiicles . Such a p rinciple incs ; put this country under no- little diffica > y i ; i Us ' crrangemspts vrith foreign rations . Ana now tha question "Kas-¦ n-hether the Eitioxi ir-nla undergo aa income-tax j for the nke of . tLU tariff ? Hid tas . s of s . ny ' other i ; nd b ? cn yrcporeii , tnc-r-e members v-ba La . d j belonrsd 10 the late GuTcrame ; " : tvonlii , 3 ndii .-i , hnvc j tsieifthe choice cf the Kou = 3 m between the late plan ' and the present , rut , if be ^ -: a on that comrar . v . ivs question . tl : ?> "vrouiA not furtLsr h .. vs opposed the t . vri-s of the Governmtn . Bat this V .-3 . S a tax vhich thev must oluosv- Thev could nut c : : is . iui zo so unfr . ir

      an impost as liat ^ rh ; cli ussea l ^ : w : ui : absolnte property , than from thie iard and prec ^ iijas earalngs of an industry maintniniua itself cnlr frcm year to year . It ^ as not for biin to propose u tu-igti ; bat he Tronid say that sources did -exiit from "winch a great psrt of the riouiiira rovenua mi _ ht b-3 r ^ istd , "without reson to this ilarraing resource . - In tz- cu - toms , the tseise , the stamps , great reductions hud b . en made within the last f- _ w 7 e 5 rs ; and surely if a rev tay could be levied on csasumption in-lrelfi . ^ : ., there could be no reason to ritsprnr of raising that description of revenue from England . He quoted the p ^ tuicn presented by th * C . iy of London in MaTcb , " ISiti , unA enforse : ! tiia aa ^ . jiry o : it ss rrr = cc ^ iXii ^ from ma o ;' the highest respectibillty , exp = riencr , aud practical "Hisdom .

      ilr . Gorinvicr oGirerved , ti 3 t the srnch cf Mr . Siring kzi not £ t sll in-icat-d the ciurs : Trhich the other side intended to pursue . iSorae r-iembers rf t :: > j Opposition cried " To vote against the resolutions "'; If to vote against the resolutions , it-would tavsV--:-ca more regular to wait till they should bs movr •" : in cgkmittee . The state in -srhieh the Government now found themselves -was the consequence of the policy pursued by their predecessors , wao had neglected to provide for difficulties vrhich they cculd notV _ t have foreseen . To show that it -was not feasible now to imp-ose further taxes upon consumable commodities , he specified " . tlie amctmts by -whieh the duties on several main articles had last year fallen short of the produce titimated from them . In Ireland , alone TT& 3 there- iuy reason to

      believe thsi an increase of taxation in thi 3 direction Trcuid be successful ^ there a freih tax upea spirits did certainly appear liiely to be productive , because of late the consumption of spirits had therd increased . He illustrated the defects of theplanbrought forward by the late ilinistry . aadcontendedtbath-was wiser , r . nd -would be niore sat ' -sfactory . to imposes taxupon v . « ith than to aggravate the burdeas of the pocr . If -war was uece ^ s ? . y to authorise an income t ^ x , not ouiy had it be ^ n ¦ vvirrant « i by that state of things vrhich had too long continued—a state of nominal peace ami Teal "TOT—tu * it ¦ was at tuts Tnoment juttiaci by actual liostiliiies , f loiious isdeed in China , but disastrous in India . He was a-srare that the tax now proposed bore hardly in sor ^ -

      quarters and was attended vrith same lcequaHf . es ; l . i : it was less unequal than a tax upon consomption , thefiect of which was to make the poor pay as btivily f < jr necfciSErirf as Vie rich fjr luxuries ; and he tni 3 ted to the high character and spirit of the country to sustii : the GoTcrnn : ent in the course it had selected . He vindicated the priEiiple of prct-.-ction to colonial prudu ^ - '; but ke -srculd reserve , for the future stages of those measures , the discussion of tbe iccome-tis in Its details He considered th- ? qaestion in the present debate to be m * ic ! y between the general principle of a tr ^ upo n existing vr > a * ta and the general principle of ulterior Lixri upon consumption ; and concluded with a spirited appeal te the feelings cf his countrymen .

      Tiscount HovriCK would not eatsr int *> the question wteiher the late government were felameable or net in allowing tbe deficiency to accumulate ; he confined himself to acln-il crrsromstaiices . If taere were otter sources from "Which Ttvenne eould be obtained , the gczsramert ¦ were not justLSsd in resorting to a tax which would press heavily oa the country . Froui his personal inquiries , he ir . ^ w that a moderate fixed duty en corn "wStid , for instance , have had the double effect of relieving the consumer by lowering the price , and benefitting the revenue by increase of duty . A Eimilar principle eould be applied to other articles of coasumption . The country now saw through the fallacy that a rednction of duty on foreign sugar would encourage slavery , which , by the way , if it were worth anything as an argument , was applicskls to the proposed' -reduction of duty on foreign coffee . The Noble Lord then

      entered on a consideration cf the leading items 01 the propose ! new tariff , acd contended that there were means of at onc = benefiting the consumer and . the revenue . He disapproved the encouragement giTeu by this tariff to the ctutivation of tobacco in India , as workiifg a great loss io tk = rtTenns—s result the more nursasonable because that cultivation had , for reasons of revenue alone , been prohibited by statute in the mother country . It had been ea = d that a hors ; -tax or an increase on the ¦ window-tax would have fallen heavily on imall incomes . Not so heavily , hs thought , as an incoire-tak . Hs instanced a case which had corns to his knowledge , of a Lieutenant -whose half-pay cime exactly to £ 153 , ana ¦ who , therefore , would have to contribute between £ -1 and £ 0 a year from his elender subsistence . If the necessity were shown to him , he would vote for an income-tax ; but he did not think this necessity could be said to exist until other £ ourct 3 of revenue had been

      tried . Lord Joh >* Bcssell commented on the omission of sugar from the tariff , and said that the . GoTemment "were overawed by the great interests concerned both in sugar and corn , and to neither did they dare to apply just principles . To create a number ef new protective duties , was EotMna ; but wanton legislation . The late GoTeranienthnd proposed measures which they expected W 6 u ]< 3 Lara eqosilsed tiie revalue ; aad as these measures hsd noi bsen adopted , and the deficiency was still accumulating , he admitted that something must be done . But the necessity wa 3 not such as to justify sn

      income tax , and both Sir Robert Peel and Sir . Goulburn had expressed similar opinions within very recent periods . The grand objection to an income tax was its inquisitorial character ; its influence on the morals of the country was of more importance than the sum it extracted from the people , while its preposition held iis up , - in the eyes of foreigners , as driven to the extremity cf our resources . He intended to take the sense of the House against the proposition of the iocome tax , both on the resolution in Committee , and , if it should be carried , on the bringing up of the report .

      The House then went into a Committee of Ways and Means , 3 ir . Geeene in the chair . Sir Robbst Peel—I can assure the N 6 bl& Lord that the nonce he has given this nigbt , cf his intention to offw a determined opposition to my proposal , has not in tbe slightest degree disappointed or disconcerted me—( ministerial cheeri ) Notwithstanding the silence the other night—aotwitiistanuing the calmness with ¦ which my propositions were received—notwithstanding the declaration that they would be considered as- a ¦ whole , and that upon some one general principle they ¦ would be disposed of—I nevertheless feel that in my attempt to meet the difficulties in -which this country has bsen involved by the financial administration of the late Gsvernment—iloud Ministerial cheers )—whatever plan I might propose , whether it should be by a

      continuance cf loans , or by an imposition of a tax upon the capital and property of the country , or by imposing additional burdens upon the working classes by adding to the taxes on articles of consumption—I should find my chief opponents amo g those -who had involved the country in its present financial difficaltle *— ( Ministerial cheers . ) Kat you shall not Aiveit tha attention of the country from the real point at issue —( cheers from the same quarto . ) This is bo question of eou de Cologne—( laughter . ) Never has the Bight Honourable Gentleman ( Mr . F . Biring ! been seen haif so excited as " upon that question —( laughter . ) Xsver did he feel half the indignation at finding an annual deficiency in the " revenue as he has diiplaj « d in the differential duties on colonial asses aud foreign asses —( lond laughter . ) He contemplated with the calmness of a philosopher an exhausted treasury , but a duty of is . 6 d . upon colonial asses had excited him to a pitch of indigna-

      Untitled Article

      tion—[ Ion- ! laugbfei-. ) But tho question is this , you having h . \ d tLe financial administration of this country for fife or six yeara in what position is the country placed ? You say the tim 3 is come when tampering with savings' bank 3 , and fivs pet cent , customs ' duties must be abandoned , and that some decided and vigorons effort must be made to equalise ^ e income and expstid ture of thu country . You say you must submit , if necessary , to severe and onerous taxation , in order to equalise the difference between the expenditure and income . There is a deficit of three millions , which yen will be called upon to pay th s year . Since I spoke on Friday last , it has become uecessary to Bend additional re-inforcements t « ' . adU in consequence of your policv— ( minister !^ •• . ^ rs ) , —and it wilV ba my ¦

      duty , in order to takt . -osurcs for vindicator - . he British arms , to propose i ; . creased military animates , in addition to those already proposed . Tbe actual deficit 13 £ -2 576 , 000 . The Right He * . Gentleman pointed out an error in iny calculation saving that instead of the dfeficiencyb < = ina £ 2 . 500 000 , it wasmJy £ 2 . 400 , 000 , being a difference of £ 100 , 000 . But this supposed error in my arithmetic arose from the sum ~ f £ 100 . 000 which F thought it necessary to allow for to meet any specal inadvertency in the calculations ; but I must deprive myself of the consolation which the Right H on . Gentleman would afford me ; for I venture to say the result ¦ sviil be , that I shall have actually a deficiency of £ 2 560 , 060 to provide for . That 13 to bo provided for by a vote . Eat in calculatiug tbe expenditure for the Mini to be

      year , I do not look raereiy \ o th « actual - expended in the ye = r , bui to the pro ' oib ' . e amount that I shr . il have finally to pay . In carrying out the policy of the lit * . Government with regard to + he expedition to Ohiiiu , r . nii -which I have undertiken to carry on at u ' ^ : with additional vigour , the cost to th-j country 1 estimate for 1 S 43 at £ l . . < M : 0 . But I include , ia i : « pTes-at . fsiimates only £ j :-0 000 . Therefore , £ S 00 0 ' 0 viil have to ba provide . for , bringing , in fact , tzo actual deficit to nc-aily . f 3 . S 00 , 000 . ¦ Now , I wish to know whether this cV . Uiiiie is not all called in question ? Presuming that to be the deficit , how is it to b ^ prov :. ivd f-j r ? Ail appear to concur in opinion that it ousrht t- > be provided f r by an addition lo th « revenue of the nation . Allap-]> r-r to nbaauoii " ^ e > p ^ icy ol wnUn uiug in ume c £ peace t ; ! :: crca . se tte ccbt of the country . I wish in the f aca of that-dtScsensv to make a further deficiency . 1 wish ,

      f-r ih 9 sike vf pubii ? policy , and f-jr t ' t . o sate of rein-jviiijl public burdens now hanging on tbe springs of mariLf-Tcturing industry an « C coiumcrcial enterprise , to add to the dttiitir ^ cy . If tfa-. t policy bu pursued , if it ivpolitic to reduce , to ahc ' . ii-h altogether prohibitions , ana re-ince duties ur > on arUclt : s of c ^ nstisupiion , and upon raw inatcrals , whi .-li tu : « i I :. to coniEia cial ent-rpriso , esDecia ' ily ujwn tiiuhcr , tha * wiil increase ti : e ilstciency by a further sum i--f £ l . 000 , 0 oo to £ 1 , 200 , 000 . The defi : . t in the whole is net Kss thin £ 4 , 200 , 000 , and 1 expjaiiisu » o thfe House on u forr . itv cVt-niug iho mode in ¦ which I intended to meet it , nainuly . by a tax upon the income of the country , upon the income of these whom I csrtaiuly cannot call rich , but -. ( ho r . rc ; comparatively in essy circurastance- ? . The suiii I caicuiato tins t ; ix win pro-iuoo is £ . TOi ' . OOO- If ny fact-s are a- ' mitt ' - " ! , if ir . y VjV . jy te -our .-i c > f itis :: > ylng or raJt-ijatiEg pn > - hi'iitvry duties 0 " - GertR : . i ; reat articles if taxr . ' . H . a , the j naj ih : is Fa ? rrfi = ed rcust also be provided { or . Theqnostion vrhioh will J ^ iJe tbu Snaneial poi-. i ?; . ' «•• £ tbe couatr ; . - and fate of fie present govemuitnt—cheers)—is whethtr the advice of the Noble LotA shai be followed , or whether that which 1 give sh ' jll be adopted— 'hear , hear . ) It is , whether I shall ba ptrmitu-d to wake this attempt ti extricate the c-aatry , ov whether the Gjvemment stall be restored to the hn-ds < f thostwho , I contend , are rsspousible 10 ? our fii-. anc ' al difficulties—( loud cheering from the . Ministerial benches ) ? Let us see , then , how the Xoblc L :-rvl , in anticipation , I conclude , uf again speedily . comin ? into offic ? , proposes tiraissrherrouired snni of aejrly f jur inin : o : ; s . Oh

      said the Nolle Lord ) , if yon h : > . i rec >; innL-nde 1 any other tsses you should have had my cordial support . " Should I , l&t me ask . Lare 5-.: ; i thr c » rdial surport of t ' iO Noble Lcrd :-. ndhi- f-itnf-s , if I had propo . ^ . d a duty on ccals —( hear , hesr ) ? V . ' . ' . y tae Nob ^ e L-rd has iit-Grclired his dcterroir : r : l opposition not only to the irco : ' 3 t-tix but to the duty oa coals . Tatn , m to spirits , did cot the Right Eonourable Gentleman say that h ( - was of ovinicn that nt-tbina ccuid well be inor 5 adverse to toe public interest than an iucreas-d duty on SDirifs ? . * ¦

      ^ Ir . Basing -was understood deny that ' gone so f _ ir . j SirB . Peel—On a former night , unless I am greatly ' mistaken , the Right HonounWa Gentleman t : iid that he greatly doubted the policy of increasing tha duty o spirits—iaear , hear ) . How I shall fare with j my stamp duties in Ireland I know not ; but me- j tLinks I see the Richt Honourable Gcn-Ieman eppo- ; site preparing to resist thesi :. What di « l ho say t ) . them ? ! Mr . Sheil—I said nothing . Sir Robert Peel : Well , it seems that he did not ) promise opposition to them , but m-.-ntair . e 1 siience . P = rhr . T 5 S that was the wisvr course . B ' -t if , iuettr . d of prc-r-csin ^ a tax upon income , I ha \ resortel tj an

      additional tas cison leather , or a tax upon sai ^ , and ; oth- ; r srtidea on trliich duty bas ieen repealed , 1 &&n > - ' not tlliuk that 1 had any right to anticipate very cordial support froni the Nob ' . e Lord and th friends l > y -whom lit is fcurrounied— ( cheers . ) The N >' : > le Lord -will nu-. t ray resolutions by others of his osn in opposition to ' them , and his resolutions -will of ci ursa involve conaidei ^ uor-s regarding tbe Corn Lvws and the surar dntie ? . The Noble Lord vrill per .-evere in his fixed ftuty on corn , as a means of raising the public revenue , ar . ri it tnll bt f jr tha House to determine -whether it will adiu-t thi principle of a property-tax , or resort to a £ xsd duty en corn of 8 s . or perhaps something lower ' —( cheer * —in order to raise the puMic r > venue . ThoCC trho are political supporters of the Noble Lord nil'l Tto tvll mo ti } 3 t by the * cal ^ I propese 1 am ruining 1 Irish aTricuitura and dtstroyinj ; ! he hopes of tb& growth cf oats there , -VFill , I take it for granted , vote in favour uf his resolutions , r . nn one m ; iin resource udou ,

      ¦ trhi ch he calculatts mnit bo a fixed duty on corn , < re u : ing thereby the present protecting duty upon { IrV ; produce . With rfsptet to sugar , . th . it qnestion I rtjaaily admit is open to considerition . I n perfect con- ' iistency -sith the opinions tbe IS ' ohle Lord has here- j tofore expressed , he may suggest a reduction of the I duty " on foreign sugar , in the hope that increased •' ravenue will be derived frum that source . On whit j ether aiticles tha Xoble Lord may propose to place ' a duty , besides cam anil sug . ir , I own that at ; present i am not able to imagine . After all ire \ have heard of tbe timber duties , I certainly : am not a little surprise i at the course adopted on the 1 ether side- I had thought that it was the prevailing opinion of our opponents tha : there was no more oner-1 ou 3 impost than upon foreign timber . I had thought ; that 1 had heard it urged that tS . at iraposi not merely ' diminished cursupply from foreign countries , especially from the ihsres of tho Bait ; c . and closed a wide and >

      valuitile martet for our manufactures , but that it com- pflied us to give a preference to inferior timber—to 1 employ a comparatively bad article , vrhich fro bought at- ] a hi ^ tier pr : o * . Tas proposal I maXa is to attach a ' nominal duty to Canadian timbt-r , i ut to make such a j reduction in the duty on the importation of foreign ; timber as was consistent with justice to the produce of our own colonies- The loss to the revenue is no donbt ' a fit subject for consideration ; but I reconciled myself : to it by the impression that whers you dealt -with great articles , with the raw material of a ere at manufacture , it is , on the -whole , good policy to make such a reduction as vrill ensure to the consumer the full benefit of that reduction—( cheers ) I had read treatises upon this subject , vrritten by R .-. ht H- > n . Gent' . smen attached to the

      f-arty opposite , an' ? holding office un « ttr that party : those treatises I knew rwl hee- > held up as of great authority in reference to our financial and commercial policy , and I think myself that the publications of Sir Henry Parnell are entitled to considerable weight . I am quite certain that I have frequently heard them appealed to on that side of the House as almost conclnsive , and I find that he was selected as the chairman of a committee on commprcial inquiry , In one of Mb works he especially adverts to the timber dutiea , and I find him stating that " tha duty on timber affects and presses , upon industry with great severity , in consequence of its being so much used in building ships , constructing machinery , " &c He then goes on to say that countries having large navigable rivers enjoy a great advantage ,

      and that it seems an indispensable preliminary to a sue- ; cessful competition with foreign yfcip-buildera that tun- j ber should be imported free from all duty . " That ' however , ( ho adds , ) might ^> e too great a sacrifice of revenue ; " and he goes on to state that the particular j measure he proposed was this : — that in place of the present duty , it should fcs reduced to £ 1 10 s . per load ; i and that thereby he calculated the revenue would be ] considerably increased , because then nearly the whole * of the foreign timber consumed would pay a duty of ! £ 1 10 s ., instead of a smal' portion paying £ 2 15 s ., and j the remainder only 10 s . His proposal was to impose a duty of 30 s . on foreign timber , and of 10 s . on that from j oar celonies ; and tha duty I propose from the 5 th ' of April , 1843 . is 25 s . on foreign timber , 33 » . on deals ,

      and on colonial timber only a nominal duty . [ Mr . Labouchere s&id something across the table , which was net heard . ] Perhaps tht Right Hon . Gentleman would wiBh me to impose an additional duty oa foreign timber .. Why , that -was the policy of the late government ; but i I leave the House to jndge which is the wisest policyif you can affoxd it , to encourage the importation of ' foreign and Canadian timber at the duties I recommend , \ or to lay a duty of 50 s . on foreign timber , and of 28 s . ' on Canadian timber . If Sir Henry Parnell be right , I cannot help thinking that , if your object be to relieve I the pressure upon the springs of industry—upon the ] ship-builder , tbe land-owner , the builder of manufac- i tures , or the builder of cottages and houses of every description — it is hardly possible for yeu to make Description — is is naraiy possioie lor yeu so maKe

      a reduction of duty upon any article of consumption which will give such great and general assistance as the duty upon timber , tbe facility in the importation of which will be so extensively increased —( Loud and longcontinued cheering . ) If you can do this -w ithout injus- j tice to the colonial timber merchant , you -will have ac- j cwmplished a most important benefit With respect to j coffee , also , I am surprised at the comments made on the ; other side on my proposed reduction of duty . I ! thought , after the evidence taken before the eomniittae , j showing the gradual increase of consumption—after the testimony given by coffee-bouse keepers in London , as to the immense importance -which . the labouring classes attach to the cheapness of csffee—I did not expect to hear from tLe noble lord a doubt as to the policy of 1

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      sacrificing revenue for the sake of increasing consumption . For this purpose , in addition to the deficiency caused by expenditure , I am willing to incur the risk of further decfiiency by a remission of duty , making , as I before stated , the total deficiency to be supplied amount to £ 4 , 800 , 000 . , I do not deny ths objections that exist to a tax upon income :, I expected to hear it saiil that it "was a nevel proposition iu time of ; peace ; but , let ma ask , is there any . man who can be deceived by such plausible but fallaoiotia observations , ( cheers from the ministerial benches . ) It is public necessity which justifies the tax , whether imposed in time ol peace or of war thear , hear . V In time of peace , too ! To call this a time of peace ( much cheering . ) Because you have not the cannon actually booming in yonr ears ,

      you wisely arrive at the conclusion that "we are living in a tiniB of peace . ( Much cheering . ) Elevate yont vision until it can embrace your Indian territory look at the war yeu have been carrying on on the western bank of the - In < 2 u ? . ( Hear , hear , hear . ) I say nothing of the policy of the course you bars pursued there , but can a country engaged in buob a war flatter itself that it . is at peace . ? ( Hear , hear . ) Look again nt your Syrian expedition of last year , and concurrently with that the costly hostilities carried on in China . Have you been , and are you now , iu that iitato of profound tra . nquiU . ity which : entitles you to call it peace ? Mark , then , all these " sources of expenditure , and tell me if you arc not in a condition \ v _ h 3 ch excepts the presant from , the ordinary case , and justifies

      a resort to the income tax ; and to the objections and inconveniences to which I know it is liable —( hear , bear . ) The NoMe Lord says , " Do not impose th « income tax ; because you will shew foreign nations that the resources of this country are exhausted . " I say , nt-ver mind what may ba the impression upon forei . jr countries—( Ministerial chpers ) Do that which you bt-lievetobe jnst—ibea-r , hear , hear)—that which yor think consistent with sound policy—aud lot forciRE nations think what they will —( loud cheering . ) If in j ; tim © of peace—a time of European peace—you have s large deficiency to supply , and consider it more jusfe that tbe affliieat classes shall * supply-it ,- rather than press ing upon the poor by taxing articles of consumption—{ cheersj adopt that course , and do not be afraid of what foreign countries inay think of youv resources , jf foreign countries misapprehend and mistake—if they print paragraphs in newspapers to shew that England ia in a condition of financial embarrassment—what

      difference can that make in your roal situation ? The time will come when they will discover thair error ; and in the meanwhile act no unworthy as well as unvris . o part , hut disregard all such consequences as what otheis jijay for the moment think of your condition aud resources— ( much cheering . ) If you do what is just , and > o far what is pol . 'tic , depend upon it . "" after mists have cleared away , perhaps in a littlu week , foreign countries - . v ; 11 arrive at a more fair conclusion , and if thwr opinion be of so much importance , they ^ ill tht it admire yeu for maku : . ^ ex ertions corresponding , with the nect-ssity of the ocoa . i ; ou —( h : ar , . JU-ar . ) . In 1 . "tier to prevent erronencs notions on th ? ir part , . . ill you ccr » cnt to pursiu- a ccurse - ^ liiclj y < Ai know to bs noiiht-:- just r . or politic— tchaers i ? . With such n i ! cfl .. iency as I hart ; j- <> : ntod out , is it better then t- > call v . prii the incuiae of th-o eounuy to supply it , or to t ; : x articles of Cfnerul consuraption ? Thorn-is no alternative—^ opposition cbef-s . ) In order to raiss four-rail ' iit ) ns of revenue , docs any man think there U any : i . " urnative—( ctferss ? You want f .- . ur millions f > r the s . rviCts of the present y ^ ar , but to try experiments on th coinnie'c ' uiltariff cf tli - country -wi-l not furui . ° h the ni' -r . ey , and does any n :: i- ' . moan to tsll me that there is a-iy mifi . io course . Wtt ^ i Mi isup . 'ssnj ; : i tax upon pvoyrrty a ; : d l » yin ' g taxvs upon articles of consumptioncheers : ¦ ? Cert ? in ! y you may ' shy I wiil resort to a house tax ; but I c ^ n only s . vy that ^ Ir . Pitt adopted thit course in 17 !) 7 , and found the burdtn sogreat , anil thfr evasjnns . s'jcl ! , that in the n-x 1- yenr he restrted to a property tsx . > 1 r . I'itt , -wislr . n ^ to aHVct the property of the country , producprt a plan by which the assiti-sc'fl taxes p . iiil at a preceding pBri < . d shouJd bo considered th < 3 test < -f propvity . He tried too ' -tain a ten pt-r csnt . income tux by that criterion ; but he vras obiisi ( 1 to abandon it and my belief is , that a house tax would ba much more uiijast in its opsr . itions tban . r . prop-rty tax . The objection to tbe income tax is ,

      tb : it it i . s inquisitorial . " I do not deny tue objection ; bnt . ap-. kTt from that , I ftel it to be one t . f tbe beat taxei that can be imposed . Three pei- cent , in the present condition of the country ia nbso . lutely necessary t j procure the supply , and I make the proposition from a firm conviction that it wiil bo infinitely less onerous and nro-e just than any other tux . Moreover , I have the str .-. ngest persuasion that if my general proposal bo received by tbe House , the actual sum each man will contribute will bo exceedingly small . If my whole plan bu . adopted theie will bo a diminution in the cost of living which wiU repay to the contributors of the income tax a . lnrgo portion of tho menuy they are called upon to ulvance . Take tha ease of n

      mars of £ 5 Ci : 0 a year : ho will contribute . £ 15 <> , and it Is my fixed belief that he will recuvu bnck in cheflpness of living the greater part . of the i > um he pays . My settled opinion is , that the burdui will be less than that arising from any other tax wo c < uUl ileyise . Tho Koble " Lord iVisconnt HoTvick ) suites the case . of swan v ; ho has only £ 103 per annum ; but , whtrever you draw tha line , thare must 1 ^ 3 . some hardship , and I will venture to say , thnt it ia impossible to propose a tax which wiil not be liable to an objection of that kind Eat even in the case of a man of £ 150 or £ 200 a year . 1 entertain the most conSdent hope that tU * reduced cost of articles of co . sumption -will enable him to pay the tix without inconvenience . Suppose the Noblrr-Lijid wro W takfa a winiiow tux instead , thrro

      must be an exemption of hous « 'S un ler a certain nuni ? btr of vindijws : Seven windows might have to pay , and six wir , dov . 'a bo Irea from the impost ; but ttili a line must be drawn , and , vrhere it is drawn , there will of necessity be liar ^ ship ; the rulu must , to a cfrtain ext ' .-n ' , bo arbitrary , and inconsistent wiili the strict principles of leiisomuf ; . I do trust , however , that this tax wil ) not be condemned upon individual cases of hardship , but that the House will rather attend to general results , and fairly consider whether any other tax , tqaaliy . just , can be found , which Trill be . equally effectual in raising the required supply for the public exigency . ( Cheers . ) I said , on a fonuer day , tiiat I would i . viul myself of the earliest opportunity of giving a full explanation of the machinery for tiia

      collection of the tax , and I aseure the Kight Honourable Gksntl » iuaa that -when I refused to aua-wfei- tba qufcatvon he put to me the othvr f ! ay , it was from u strong iin-X'Tossiun that I could not , in answering a question , givo a full and c . itisfactoiy explanation . 1 th ' -uvjH it Would h" infinitely better to reserve myself to a time when I could £ ' - > into sll the detaila . The period eince thu income tax waa imposed is considerable ; I know thnt I spc « k to many who are . insure from practical experitnee , or i ' roin bttin « conversant with financial fcubjects , of tho prire ' pltj 8 applied to the collection of the tax ; but , in o . -. - ' cr to rxiko tLe matter intelligible to those who may not De so -well acquainted / with it , I must necessarily refer to saae points -well known to 8 uch as have mad'j the subject ; their study . I shall now propose

      to adopt for tL / j purpose of the collection of tl < . U tax the machinery , Epo iking generally , applied by that act brought in by Lord Lansuowne , then Lord Henry Petty , in the year 1 S 0 C , under the administration of Lord Greiivtlle and Lord Grey ; and a reference to that act -will sho ^ any Honourable Gentleman , w 1 k > may v . -ish to asce tain it with precision , the general mode which I propose to adopt for the collection of this tax . The property tax was collacted and assessed now under tho general regulation applicable to the collection ami raising of the assessed taxes , and the lacd-wx . Those coiuiuissv . ners of the I . ind-tax will be empowered and required to appoint—speaking generally , from the it own body , but they will not be limited in the selection to themselves—certain commissioners , to be called

      commissioners for general purposes . Those commissioners for general purposes will hrvve to select others , t » be called additional commissioners . Those additional'commissioners were-not limited in the act , but generally two v . 'ere appointed , and those two had the charge of thD assessment on property . 1 need not enter Inio the moda in which Bank stock , East India stock , and stock in other public companies will be assessed , but 1 may say £ ( . ' :: erally that I shall adhsro to the provisions of the old iaw . As fw as the interference of the Government is concerned , the duty will be placod under the general superintendence of the office of Stamps and Taxes , and their ofiicaia , as far as they are available in all the duties connected with-tbe mode in which , the tax is to be levied . The Local Commissioners will appoint

      assessors , who will da iver at a certain time , blank forms , within the districts for which they act , with minute instructions how they are to be filled-up . Every person will have to make an accurate return of the property derived from land , from the rents of houses , and from other property included in Schedule A ; With respect to the profits derived from trade , the provisions of the act of 1806 I propose to retain , and the income will be returned on an average of tho three years preceding ; but , 'of course , it will bo necessary to make special provision for those instances in which the trade shnli not have been crrried on for three years wbieh I need not now detail . The general principle will be to estimate the profits on an average of the three years . With respect to the income derived from professions ,

      they are to be calculated upon the profit of the preceding year . I really , Sir , believe that the chief difficulty will arise from the income in schedule D , the income derived from trades and professions—( hear , hear , hear ) . I believe it is with respect to that income the inquisitorial power is mainly objected to . With respect to incomes derived from the public funds there -wiJ : be no necessity for thiB inquisition , tho amount is easily ascertained , and few who have this property will deprecate the mode of ascertaining if . Under an act , to » , recently passed , I refer to Mr . PoulettScrbpa ' s Act , the valuation © f land is tolerably well known . It will , then , be generally conceded that the chief force of

      the objection as to the inquisitorial nature of tbe assessment , will apply to income derived from tradeand to professional income . I then propose that the return shall be sent to the assistant ! commissioners , and that it should be accessible to the surveyor acting on the part of tbe Government . With respect to the additional commissioners , there will be varionB regulations , andtheywill be sworn tosecrecy . Thereturnia tobesent to them sealed up , it is to be inspected by them , and it will be competent for them er for the surveyor acting on the part of the Government to make a surcharge on that assessment . Then as the law stood in the year 1806 , an appeal against the surcharge could be nude to the he . \ d of the teneral body of commissioners , called

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      the cumaussionera for general pnrposea . They will hear the appeal and have ; the power of demanding precise information as to the naturo of the property . , 1 hope that I shall be able to retain that provision , because the-1 policy ^ of the law hitherto has been with respect to the , assessed taxes , and it was the principle . ^ idi . ' ' nis ^ t : ^' . tbeprtipb ; t ^ : ^ . n 6 t ; ' . to ' Qa % e' ^ e ' cor lection depend upon ih © ; wiU of the ( government , because it was thought more consistent with conatitutional law to entrust the amount to local parties ; and that those who may have the confidence of their neighbours shall be employed for this purpose , I propose , Sir , to leave the provision " ol the law in this respect . untouchedJ ; Although , however , it is more consistent with former usage to employ local parties in each

      neighbourhood to collect the tax , yet a jgreat objection has beeu raised to their Bitting : in appeal on . the affairs of their immediate neighbours . It has been peculiarly objected that it is inexpedient to produce before their neigubouira , or those who might stand towards them-Bslves . in the relation of friends or " of personal or political enemies / these accounts , and divulging to them tneir true stata . I proposo ,. therefore , tdiippointotherperso ns , and to giye » n option to the parties . I propose thatthe tax-office shouid appoint a certain number of pevsona . to be . " naihed special commissioners , an * l I propose that these special conimissionera shali have all the powers of hearing appeals which . the conUuissuiners- for- general purposes possessed under the Act of 18 pG . ; I prbpose that the patty shall hava full po ' wbc of golnf ? before tbo

      comtflitte 9 cf general purposes if they so pleased , but if they preferred it the appeal , might be heard by the special commissioners .- under the . cphtrpul" of the Gbyeronieiit , and appointed by the Tax-office , which eotnmissioners will be sworn to secrecy , I propose , then , tlmt ; at the option of tho party , the appear may !>;¦ heard by these special coinmissioiiers , — tho decision that these !; p ; jcial commissioner may ctnvo to Will of course be final . It h ; is hot jippeared to be nteessiiry to extend this option Iwyoncl . ¦ "ihpf-ci who liialto reluvn ' a from property ' included in . . Schedule P . When , Sir , I am stating this , of course I reserve to myitlf tLo right to alter it . There is , I fear , a disposition to blame tho Government if they mate any alteration in the pi-Ot pomls they submit to the House—( no , no . ) I trust

      tuat with respoet to . minuto . niatters , attcr seeing U vatioty of persons , the House . ' wilt not make it a subject of reflection , if , Iiavi :: g a groat subject t'j deal with , I may alter tho "details ; lam suvq that in iaatters of principle thevo will be little fia- n \ e to alter , but in matters of detail I reserve to nijseif the right of making use-pf-any infermatioa I ni ' ay vec ' . 'ive—( hear , heav , }—in oi'd >'; i- to form a satisfactory ari-angemoht upon this sul . jtsot , and full power of making any alteration which I July be stytistie'A is consistent with public policy . Then , Sir , I hope to be able to includo in tho now act soru « proviaions which are not in the old act of 180 ( 5 ;¦ I hope to bo enabled , With respect to parties who Uavo beou 'ones ' -in the returns , wr . ' .-thur . in respect to the iuc . nno from trades on

      . avetwia of tVeo years , or to the profits of pio-I fesskms for one yd ; . ; -, to ni :: l"n air' arrangement V ' l'j' which they h ; ay be ablo u > couipouad- for their us-: sMsiiiBMt ( cheers . ) I am suto that every endeavour ¦' outht ' to- 'bci . nmeJe to guard ag ; dnst evasion , since one . greai-ubj . 'Ctiui : to the hiconie tax ia , that it ivill fall ' with peculiar severity Upon thoao who aro doterminGd I to act honestly . Wo ought to endeavour , if wo can , to ' avoid entailing peculiar severity oh ai ; y one , if this act r n . ^ 'l if tliit : inromo tax ia to pass ; we ought to gi \ a every ' advantago ta tho honest liinn , and to use every preyen-[ tiou agaiuit fi-aud or evasion .- 1 hope to bo feivaWod to ' introduce : some provision Which will make pno return -j endure fur the whole tihie of the act . ( hear , hear , hear ;) ! I do not say that in all cases it ought to be obligatory

      ; on tho offieo of stamps and taxes to admit a crwiposi-\ tion ; but -when ttiey bolieve that the poraon as assessed . is properly taxed , I think s with the addition of some ' . sul- ! i ntlfiition as the £ 5 per ct-nt . on the . assessed taxes , 1 wo can , " by some mode or other , ' make some easy provision to enable the tax to be payable once for all . In i maiujg this statement , " ! do . not bind myssif to nil tha ' . special pr < ivisions . I think that-we -may have rcc . iurs t > sornti ihings v . Lich m ; :. ybe a great improvement , ! without acting wit " , any undue severity . The house , j therefore , vcill soe thr . t , there are two main provisions in ; tkislaet which are not in the other . Iuihe first place , ; if ' the-appeal to tho local cominissioners shall be objectr' ed to , as leading to a disclosure of private affairs , I pro-- pore to give a . - ! an option of which tho party may avail

      him still , to po before th-i special commissioners appointed by the government , sworn to secrecy , who may hear all parties , and determine the appeal . And in . the second pb . ee ,, I propose , if possible , that facilities shall b 9 given for compounding for the payment of the tix , that composition to enduro for the Whole period of thrte years . I believe , sir , that I h : ive now answertd the quescion put to mo by the right honourable -gentleman . 1 do not appr-ihend that the present . establishment of tho stamps and taxes will be sufficient for tho additional duties I impose on them . All I s :. y is , that every . effoit shall be made , in the appointment of additional DlRcera , that their general cb . ir . i « ttr shall be a sufficient guarantee for the integrity with which tliey shall pu form their duties ,

      ana every endeavour shall no iiiado to proYunt a perraanent increr .-je or cnuiimbranco upon tho country of offlccrs , who I trust will bo employed for n m ' orely temporary purpos-. - . Theio is only one other provision proposed by me on which I wish to touch . It waa included in one of the - net-3 relating to the pvupc-rty tax , I think the act of . 1 . 80 ( r Many persons did object to payment to tho ccllcutuisof the bums due from -them on account of the property ' tux ' . ; ' it . was . sa . ltV . that although there wa , s no inquiry as to the property , it was still painful to soaio that 3 , person in the inime < liatt : neighbourhood should he privy to the paymeufc from which they might infer the return that had been made of the amount of the property , I propose that a , party wishing to make a pajment may do 80 without giving his name

      into the Bnik of England ' <> n account 01 thD proporty tax—( laughter . ) That was a : pn » visvon in . I've act of Lord Grenville , and I mJij Jitrefer to that , I . hope that aa the Brai ) ches of the IJank of England have become numerous , that as the ramitic ' . itiona of the Bank -of England become more extended in different parts of tbe country ,, pkrties may have the advantage of making these payinoiita with infinitely greater earo than if the place of . . payment was confined to the principal attice of the Bank of England in London . A question , S ; . v , was put to inc . respecting terminable annuities , and I was asked whether I propoaeA siny icductton in tho Tate ot duty on terminable annuities as compawi with incomes d «< rived from stock . Now , I am boun . i to say , that I do not intend

      to make uny such reduction— ' j-her . r , hear . ) . The proposal which I make ia a proposal f jr n tax on the iucome of -tliis country— Ichcers )— and if I enca begin to make a distinction witti respeet to different kinds of income , it will be absolutely necessary . . that 1 ; should abandon the income tax . I think it would be shown that if terminable annuities were to bu exempted , in favour of those who have power , and who are . wealthy and affluent , I think I Bhould be prepared to show that a remission ought to be niaile tcj a greater extent than inauy Honourable Members . suppose . If an Income tax be adopted , it ought to act uniformly upon all the incomes of the country— -. ( hear , hear . ) There ought to bo no ' dise ' riruinntion as to tho source whence the income was derived . Therefore , whatever inconvenience I may

      suffer from it in argument , I a : u bound not to admit the justice of an alteration of the bill with respect to terminab : o , aniiutties . No such distinction of thia kind way made by BIr . Pitt in the year 1798 , or by Lord Grenviile in 180 ( 5 . I am aware that terminable annuities at that" period had much . . more time to run ; still I can see no distinction in that fact . There were certain Exchequer annuities , then , in a position analogous to the terminable annuities now , and there was no discriminp . tion . But , sir , the proposition for which I contend is , that there shall be au income tax of three per cent , and tLut from this tax there ' fchaU bo no reduction . I now le : tvo the question . The Noble Lord ( Lord John Russell ) intends—I rejoice at it , for I am sure it will bo for . the advantage of the

      country—to obtain . the determination » i the Htu ^ e—to let thu decision be known ns soon as is consistent with due-deliberation . iOf ceurse , the details of our floancial measures , and the detccmination in whose hands the government of this country ahall be placed , are all at issue , and must be resolved by this decision . If the House shall think it desirable to adopt the principle of the Neblo Lord- ^ -if they shall determine , to lay a fixed duty on corn—if the House shall be induced . to naake a reduction of the duty upon foreign sugar , or to take the other measures which the Noble Lord , may'recommend —if Honourable Members believe ; that we can tneet the difficulties of this country , by the removal of taxes- ^ -tho House must adopt tho policy of the Noble Lord , and reject that for which I contend . . After maturely considering

      the subject , I ani not prepared now , in the present position of slavery , with the prospects we nowhave of a supply of sugar , and with respect to the peculiar position in which we stand with respect to foreign countries , I am not preparud to advocate the reduction of the duty upon sugar the p oduce of foreign , countries , and not being willing topivposo that , I am nn willing to propose t * ie reduction cf the duty on sugar tho produce of our own colonies . The more . Sir , I look lit the subject , the more I am convince * that the best measure to which the House can resort is a tax upon the income of the country , rather than attempt to re ^ impoae any of the taxes upon excise and customs which have been repealed . I believe , Sir , that the attempt to impose these taxes , especially if tuey are to be of a temporary nature , will do more to diBturb the operation of capital employed in the manufactures and industry of this country than if we call upon each man to contribute ig 3 out of every £ 100 to this tax . I entertain a strons

      conviction that the great mass of the labouring classes of this country willconsider the voluntary determination of Parliament to take upon themselves ,. asthey impose upon the country , a tax for the pnrpose Of relieving the burdens ot itiduatTy , and that ; it will b « i generally hailed by all parties throughout the country as a strong proof that the upper classes are willing to bear their fair share of taxation —( cheers );— -for , although I admit that the tax doea press in : some raepects with additional severity , on account of the uncertain nature of the profits derived in an income arising in trades and professions , yet , when I consider that one of my main objects is to reduce the duty on the raw material used in mannfictures , and by those meahfl to afford the best' chance bi reviving- commerce , I do : entertain a confident opinion that this tax will work for the special advantage of those connected with the t ade and manufactures of this country—( caeerB ) . With tespeet to those

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      who hold land , and with reference te those whose income i 3 derived from professions , I have also the confident expectition that the reduction ifl the cpst of living will eoinpebsate for a great part of the pecuniary burden I impose ; but even if I do not offer thorn that advantage , yet if by consenting to thi 3 burden , ' Instead of throwing it upoa the articles of consumption , I dp cause it to be paid by every one equally—if I take irom those who are disposed to agitate tha public mind the means of creating ; discontent and disunion—if I give them that compensation only " , ' I trust that they will consider it ample . I hope that in the experience of the

      next three years my anticipations of relief to the trade and manufactures of this country Will be realised I trust that we shall ba then able to dispense with this tax ; I hope that we shall be able to find a revival of our commercial and our manufacturing industry ; and I trust that I shall have the satisfaction of contemplating a people contented and united , from the proof they have received that those who move in a higher state of spciety- ^ that those Who are comparatively affluent—are prepared , at this crisis of greal commercial and financial difficulty , to take upon thetnselves a fallfportion , of the charges necessarily incurred to meet the exigencies of the . country—il 6 Ud cheew ) .: y . ' .

      The question having been put by the CKAiRliAN , Mr . Labouchere expressed great indignation at the imputations with which Sir R- Peel had begun hia speech j and complained that the Right Hon . Grentle ^ man hail held a language of exaggeration rc-specting our present ' difficulties' anu contests , which mubt have ah injurious effect on the character of the country , Mr . Labouchere then went over the ground of the proposals made last summer by the late Government , especially with respect to sugar . He criticised the present tariff , in which he thought that considerable amounts of duty ,

      complained of by nobody , were wantonly ¦ : thrown away . He protested upon principle against an income tax , and cite-A the authority of Ailani Smith . . Ho read a statement , showing , that in . the last year of the former income-tax , there had been no fewer than ' 11 , 000 surcharges , of which 3 , 000 . had been set asido on appeal . The c-seaset aside bespoke an injustice on the part of the . State ; tho atiiraied cases evinced that , a strong temptation , to fraud had been exteunively yiei'ied to fey ths people . In both these effects the tax wua most injurious .

      Lord WoBSL'EY objected , that the measure was forced on without giving tho country time to judge of it . He wished to know what revenue Sir K . Peel calr dilated upon obtainingfroin corn ? Sir ]{ . Peel answered , that no calculation could be made beforehand on a point -which must depend on the harvest andotht-r uniertain cause ? . Mr . Hawes then moved an adjournment to Monday .

      Monday , March 21 . There was a short debate on the committal of the Severn Navigation Bill , and various questions were asked , one of them by Miv Shaw , which drew from Lord Eliot that the Government intend . to propose the annual grant to the National Board of Education . ' 'in Ireland , without any alteration in the Bystem , A . preliminary conversation arestj , before the House went into a'Committee . of \ V * Ays . ai ' vl Mea ^ us , -Mr . fox Maule , on behalf of tho people of Scotland , appealed to Sir Robert Peel on tao-propriety of . givn-isj time to consider the proposition of the income tax . Mr . G . Wood , by a question , led to a complaint from S , r R . Peel , as to the state of business in the House , especially with reference to the Com Bill ; which was met by

      . Mr . Chath . es Bdxlee , who iuformed him that he had the remedy in his own hands , by postponing the cpnsiileralion of the income tax resolution , aud going on with the Corn BilJ . The conversation was closed by . Lord John Kussell , who declared hia intention of taking the sense of the Hmiae on tho income tax at every" stage . of the progress of the measure through tho House . The House then went into Committee , and the adjourhed debate was openi : d by Mr . Hawes , who , with some detail , pointed out untried sources of revenue which would yield atnplo returns to make up the deficiency in our finances—such " as timber , sugar , corn , stamp duties ; and denounced tho income tax as being calculated to corrupt the morals of the community , by tempting them into perjury and profligacy . He would therefore givo the proposition his most determined opposition .

      Alderman Thompson " vindicated the Governmend for not including foreign sugar in their new tariff ; and coutendeA that , in the present exigencies of the state , an income tax was a legitimate source Of revenue . But lie hoped that , in carrying it into operation , Government would , in its collection , deal with a confiding spirit , and pointed out to Sir Robert Peel how it would affect 'Government annuitants . .: . " . ' .. . Sir . William Clay reminded Sir Robert Peel of his remark , when in opposition , that for a Minister of , tbe Crown to attenipt to get out of a difficulty by a grant of the public money , was but a vulgar expedient . He wouUi hot retort , that an attempt to

      got ttut o £ a financial ditilculty by a fluect appeal to the pockets of the people was a vulgar expedient , but he would say that it displayed litt e ingenuity . Direct taxation was the resource ' of ; barbarous peeple and barbaroUtt timed ; indirect taxation waa the creation of Hinre modern and enlightened periods . A hope had been expressed by Alderman Thompson , that the tax would be collected in a generous and confiding way . But it was idle to talk about the generosity ^ of a taxgatherer , whPse duty wiis to collect a tax , without reference to individua ' s . The ' . income tax was , in fact , tha . price- to be paid for maintaining powerful monopolies .

      Sir George Clerk , looking to-our prospects iii the East , Wits not sure but supplementary votes would berequired to maintam arid extend our naval and military establishments . How then were the same required to beobtaiued ? Waa it by taxiag articles of consumption ? Government , though not disposed to encourage ; slavery by reducing the duty on foreign sugar , expected to be able hereafter to alter it , without injury , through the means of future commercial treaties . After adverting to the duties on sugar and tobacco , he took up the subject of toe income tax , contending that it was the best resourco which : presented itaelf , asd expressing a hope that such modifications would be introduced asi would greatly diminish the effect of its inquisitorial character . ¦¦¦¦ -. .

      LordDALMENY praised the style and clearness of the financial statement of Sir Robert Peel as being unrivalled since the days of Pitt . Had the Kight Hon . Baronet taken into account the distress of the country , and stated that he resorted to an Incbme T » x as a mere temporary expedient , . on the road to a more liberal policy , he would have supported him . But he proposed it in order to sustain monopolies opposed to the common semie of the age , and he should therefore oppose it Mr . CU AKXES Wood had supported Sir Robert Peel , in 1835 , in hia opposition to the proposlbion of his own friends , with respect to a property tax . But

      obnoxious as it was , he would vote for an income tax , if a necessity existed for its imposition .. No such necessity existed .. The old income tax was repealed at a time when the necessity for Its continnance was far greater than the necessity for its imposition now . One of the arguments in favour of an income tax was , that it would not fall on the working classee . But they would feel it in its driving capital abroad and died , nishihg the fund for their employment . Aftsr commenting on the financial propositions of the Government , he concluded by condemning tha income tax in the Words of Mr . Fox , affirming that no necessity could sanction such an injustice . /

      Mr . Scarleii supported an income tax , because it was required , was small iu amount , and the country could . bear it . - ¦ - Mr . Poi / let Scrqpe asked for a definition of the Word income . Sir Robert Peel referred Mr . Scrape to the act Of iSOG for full information . Mr . Scrope continued his observations , and put various cases for consideration as to the manner in which income would be estimated under the operation of the tax . A property tax was a fair one , but not so an income tax , which was opposed to the interests of this great commercial community .

      Mr . Williams , though opposed to an income tax , considered that the Government had taken a bold and ' manly course in not adding to the national debt . He suggested a substitute for the income tax { under the authority of Sir James Graham , ; in a redaction of pensionH , official salaries , &a , with a tax on the tranBler pfreal prbperty . \ : Sir George Grey animadverted on the silence of members on the ministerial benches , who shrank from the obloquy of supportiug their votesby their speeches . The deficiency in the revenue ought to be made up ; but Was it to be made up by a tax which had been repealed in 1816 , by the indignant feeling of the country , add

      which had been originally imposed Wheji we were si » w $ gUng-for . nwionni existenc-: ? No essential change could be made in the machinery for collecting the tax . It would still be au inquisitorial and obnosioua imposti and when once inflicted , even for a temporary period there was no sccuvity that it would not be perpetuated . No necessity had been ; shown for the tax ; and even the deficiency which was made the pretence for it , had been largely accumulated by the resi&tmca of the measure of the late government . Colonel SlBTHORP retorted oh the Members of the late Government , that their conduct had compelled the present Government to resort to tbis extreme measure . ' ¦ : ¦ ¦ . ¦' .-.. ¦ . - . ¦ . ' ¦ ¦' ' . '• " , ' .. " . ¦ : ¦ : " . ¦ ¦ ' -

      r '' -. ' Mr .. . B . L . EWiiT ' moy « d'the' ^ j 6 uxhment'Of-. 'fh 6 'dfiinte ! at half-past eleven ; and from that hour till past one , the scene in the House was exciting . The . mptien for the adjournment was , on a division , resisted by 328 to 51 , a conflidei-able number of tho Opposition voting inthe majority . But , on a second divuiod . the numbers were 241 to 91 . Mr . Foi Maule and Mr . DuNCOMBEboth expressed their determined intention to resist a vote on the resolution affirming the income tax , ; by availing themselves of every meana which the forms of the House allowed them ; and a considerable number of Members took part in the discussion ; V - ' .. . "¦ , --. v ,: . ; . : ¦" ¦ - ' - ' :- ;; " y : "" .,: ¦ . . - ' -: :- . "' . At last Bii Robert Peel reluclantly yielded , and the debate was adjourned till Wednesday ,

      Untitled Article

      In Frakce 13 , 012 , 000 men have been called out forjmilitary service from 1791 to 1842 inclusive .

      Untitled Article

      From the London Gazette of Friday , March 18 . ; ' : BAMCRUPTS . ¦ . '¦ .. . '' .. _ : . \ . William 'M Leodj Coletnan-street buildincs ,. merchant , to surrecder March 24 , at eleven " o'clock , April 2 i ); at eleven , at the Bankrupts' Court . Solicitors . Messrs . ' WiMe-jimi Co ., Coilege-hiU , Quieen-street ; ¦ qtR sial ftssiijnee , Mr . " GrahaiH , B : isinghaH-etreet William Baseman Syng , Old : Windsor , Berks , and ¦ Saffiyu . Walden , Essex , engineer , March 3 ft . . at two o ' clock . April 29 . at eleven , at the Bankrupts' Conrt . SoKc ' . ti" -, Mr . Nield , Bond-court-house , Waihroofe ; official assignee , Mr . Johnson , " BasingDail-street . Divid Bidtnead , Bread-strefet , Cheapside , warehousiijiaa , April 2 , at balf-pa « t 0110 o ' clock , April 22 , at . eleve . ' . ,. at the Bankrupts' Courfci Soh ' citor , Mr Jones , SizMaue ; ofEcial assignee , Mr . Edwards , Frederick's-plr . ce , Old Jewry . . . ¦ :- ' .

      Robert Mills , Heywpod , Lancashire , ironfounder , April 5 , a ' . sil 29 , at eleven o ' clock , at the Comniissionei-s ' -rooms ,- ... Bolton-le-moors . Solicitors , Messrs . Johnson ,. Son , and Weatherall , Temple ; and Mr . Biair , Manchester . ¦ ¦ -. . ¦ : . . " " '¦ - ¦ ' ..- "¦ .-. V ; ¦ Wilinot Robert Bayntun , Bath , . Burgeon , March . 29 , April 2 £ > , . it eleven o ' clock , at the ofiite of Mr . Drake , Btttb . Solicitors , Messrs . Rickards , and Walker , Lincoln'B-inn-fic-lds ; and Mr . Drake , Bsth . John M'tthows ,. ; Ledbury , Herefordshire , builder , March 28 April 2 J > , at twelve o ' clock , at the Feathers Inn , Ledbury ; Solicitors , -Messrs . King and Son , Searjennts ' -inn ,. Fltet-street ; Messrs . Ellis , Elliott , and Sw . 'tun , Gloucester ; and ACessrs . .. - Heywo-od ¦ and Webb , Birmingham . ¦'" . "' .- ¦ . ' . - : ' :

      . ' .. William lUrnes , Shinclifie , and Quarrington , Durham , fire brick mantifacturer , April " -5 ; and 29 , at . twelve o ' clo'ik , at the Newcastle Arms , Durhnm ; " Solicitors , ^ lessre . Maynard and Middleton , Durham ; Frederick Augustus Wheeler , Birmingham , percussion cap . . manufacturer / March 29 , at twelve o ' clock , April 22 , at Wo , it the Waterloo rooms , 3 ir . miiigbam- > Solicitorg , Mr . Chaplin , Gray ' s-inri-square ; and Mr . Harrison , Birmin ^ liani . John Watson , Manchester , muslin manufacturer , March 28 , April , 29 , at twelve o ' clock , at the Commissioners' rooms , Manchester ; Solicitors , Messrs . Kay , Barlov ? , rind Aston ,: Manchester . John Powvli , Newcastle-under-Lyne , grocer , .--rilarch 28 , April ' -20 , . it twelve o ' clock , at ths VVceat . Sheaf Inn , " Stoke-upeu-Trent ; . Solicitors , Mr . -Smith ; --Chaucery-Iane ; cud Mr . Hai-dini , Burslem .

      Thomas Why ley Wright and George . William'Hyde , Nottingham ,: dv .- irs , March 24 , April 21 , . at twelve o ' clock * .. at the Gaorgo tho Fpurtu Inu , Nottingliam : Solicitors , Mr . ' ¥ ci 'Iop , Furnival ' s inn ; Messrs , Pardons , Nottin 3 ham . ; . ... . .. . . - ' ¦ . ' - , . ' / ' } Thomas Cl < -nt , Worcester , victualler , March 24 , April 29 , att-pe ' lr ; 5 o ' clock , at the offices of Mr . Cresswell , Worcester ; Solicitors , Mr . Dryden , Lincoln ' s-inn-Fields ; Mr . Cress well , Worcester . John Anderson and . William Garrow , Liverpool , merchants , March 26 , April 29 , at one o ' clock , at the Clarendon rooms , . Liverpool ; . Solicitors , Messrs Adlington , Gregory , Faulkner , and . Follett , Bedfordrow ; and Messrs . Duncan and Radcliffe , Liverpool .

      PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED , Freer and Ihler , Liverpool , wine merchants . Ainaworth and Lees , Oirthum , Lancashire , coal miners . J and J Mills and J Schofielci , Ashton-undor : Lina , tancashire , cotton Wiiste dealers . J and J Hou-HUD i Manchester , engineers . Gelder , SykeB , and Co ., Leeds , coal merchants : Gresham and Carding , Liverpool , pawnbrokers . ¦ > . .

      Untitled Article

      From the Gazette of Tuesday , March 22 BANKRUPTS . James Thornton , buil'ler , Leicester , to surrender April 4 , and May 3 , at twelve , at the Castle of Leicester . Solicitors , Mr . L ; twton , Leicester ; and Mx . Taylor , John-street , Bcofurd-row , London . James Warren , merch ir . t , Bristol , April 8 , and May 3 , at two , at tbe Commercial-rooms , Bristol . Solicitors , Messrs . White a ; - ' . Eyre , BadfdrdTroH ' , London ; . Mr . Bevan , Bristpj . . Amon Buckley , grocer , Newton' Msor , Chester , April 1 , and May 3 , at Wf , a ? the Commissionererooms , Manchester . Syili ^ it-rs , Messrs . Clark and Medcalf , Lincoln ' s Inn-rieldj ; Air . Higginbottom , AshtMi-u nder-Line . Thomas Charnley , jun ., innheeper , Preston , April 13 , and May 3 , at eleven , at tun Town Hallj Preston . Solicitors , Mr . Easterby , Prescon " ; Mr . Sharp , Staple Inn , " London .

      . Thomas Little , tobacco uianufactutev , Kingstonupon-Hull , April 2 , , arid May 2 ,. ' -s't one , at tbe Georga Inn , Kingstpn-upon-HuU . S-jucUors , Messrs . Teriney and Sidebottom , Kingston-upon-HuIl . Francis Sandars , and Charies Sandars , corn merchants , Derby , March 28 , and May 3 , at eleven , at the Royal Hotel , Derby . Solicitors ^ Messrs ,. ' Adlingtoh " , Gregory , Faulkner , and Follett , Bedford-row , London ; Mr . Moss , Darby . : Joseph Woodhead , cattle dealer , Daclcmantown , Derbyshire , April l ,. and May 3 , at twelve , at th 9 Towu Hall , Sheffield . Solicitors ,, Mr . GotUngham , Chesterfield ; Messrs . Few , Hamilton , and Few , Henrietta-street , CoTentfCrarden . Jobn Locktey , paincer and glazier , Bileton , Staffordshire , April 13 , and May S , at eleven , at tie Swan Hotel , Wolverhampton . Solicitors , Messrs . Clarke and Medcalf , Lincoln ' s Inn Fields , ' London . ; Mr . Tetce , Shrewsbury . . ' . !¦¦' ¦ " : ; ;

      James Gale , Ben ., and James Gale , jun ., ropemakers , Shadwell , April 5 , and May 3 . at eleven , at the Court ; of Bankruptcy . Solicitors , Messrs . Olivei-son , Denby , and Lavie Frederick ' s-place . Old Jewry . Mr . Gibson , Basinghali-street ,: official assignee . William Cannabee , ; . .. bookseller , ' Cainberwell M arch 29 v fit twe , and May 3 / attweiveV at the C ; urt of Bankruptcy ^ Solicitor ,- " Mr . Fraser , FanuTars / iin . Joseph Barlow , ironmonger , Lichneld , April 5 . and May 3 , at eleven , at the Old Crown Inn , L ^ ctitieW Solicitors ,. Mr . Bigg , Southampton Buildings , Chancery-lane , London ; Mr . Dyott , Lichfield ; Me-isrs . Heywood and Bramley , Sheffield . John William Nevill , Manchester , warehonsBinnln ; Bread-street , Cheapside , April 1 , atone , and May 3 . at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy . Solicitor : ilr . Heald , Austin-frfars ; Mr . Whitmore , Basiushaliistreet , efflcial assignee .

      John Webb , tailor , Birmingham , April 2 , and May 3 ^ at eleven , at the Waterloo-rooms , '' Birmingha ' tn . Solicitors , Messrs . Crowder and Maynard . Mansion House-place , London ; Messrs . Ingleby , Wragge , and Cope , Birmingham . Joseph Hayman Arnold and William Henry Woollett , ship and insurance agents , GJement ' s-lane , London , April 5 , afe twelve , and May 3 , at one , at the Court of Bankruptcy . Solicitor , Mr . Leigh , Georgestreet , Mansion House ; Mr . Edwards , Fredurick'splace , Old Jewry , official assignee . Edward John King , manufacturer of artificial teeth , Oxford , March 31 , and May 3 , at eleven , at the Three Cups Inn , Oxford . Solicitor , Mr . Appleby , Aldermanbury , London ; Mr . Tnompson , Oxford .

      John East , carpenter , Bangsthorpe , : Northamptonshire , April 2 , at nine , and May 3 , at eleven , at the Peacock Inn , Northampton . Solicitors , Mr . Weller , King ' s-road , Bedford-row , London ; Messrs . Cox and Corser , Daventry and Nottingham . Edward Steele , grecer , Manchesteri April 5 , at one , and May 3 , at two , at the Commissioners ' -ropms , Manchester . S > licitors , Messrs . Nprria , Allen , and Simpson , Bartlett ' E-Buildings , Holbbrn , London ; and Mr . Norris , Majrsden ^ streefc , Manchester . - Richard Brpwnlow , Bilk dresser , White-street , Finsbury , London , April 2 , at half-past eleyen , and May 3 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy . Solicitors , Mesarfc Lawrence ami Blenkame , Bucklersbury ; Mr . Cfroom , Abchurch-Iane , lombard-strect , official assignee . v

      Jeffery Daniel Croreiy , toyman , Bristol , April 8 , and May 3 , at one . at the Commercial-rooms , Bristol . SoUcitors , Mr . Bridgee , Bristol ; Messrs . White and Eyre , Bedford-row , London . William Morris , general shopkeeper , St . Clears , Carmarthenshire , April 1 , at one , and May 3 , at eleven , at the Commercial-reom , BristoL Solicitors , Messrs . Jones andBlaxland , Crosby-sqaare , London ; Mr . Peters , Bristol . , ; -... Richard Bill , japanner , Bh-mingham , April 1 , at eleven , and May 3 ; at two , at the Waterloo-rooms ; Birmingham . Solicitors , Messrs . Newton and Ensor , South-square , Gray ' s inn , London ; Mr . Baker , Cannon-street , Birmingham . ; : ¦

      Thomas Walker ; brewer , Monk Wearraouth Shore , Uurham , April 1 , at twelve , and May 8 , at ten , at Horher ' s Hotel , Durham . Solicitors , Mr . Moss , Clo : ik-Jans , London ; Mr . Brown , Suudetland .

      $Mpm'al -^Arltamfitt.

      $ mpm ' al - ^ arltamfitt .

      Untitled Article

      -. Increase ofthe Abmy . —Besides the 20 th , 23 rd , ^ . ti « , 7 lst , and 97 th Regiments , and the 2 d-Baialiion Rifle Brittle , mentioned last week as ordered to be augmented , wo jkave uov ? to report the 10 th , 25 th . 78 sh , 84 th , 86 th , aha Qlst . The 10 th and 78 th ( as reported last weefc , ) and 20 th , 84 th , anfl 86 th Regi-Baenis , ; have also received orders to embark for India ; and the . 25 ' rh Regiment , proceeds from the Cape of Good Hope . The Abercrbmbie Robinsoa transport is expected to leave Deptford on the 22 nd instant for ' Cot ^ . 'to convey the 86 th Regiment to i he Gape of Goo 4 Hope ; but this corps is now to proceed to India , together ' with the 28 th , 78 th , and

      84 t ' a , from Ireland ; each corps will complete 1000 men . No official information has been received , as yet , of the 58 th Regiment proceeding to India . Th # 78 th Regiment will be embarked in three divfsiocs-, of about 260 rnen each , with a due proportion of officers , as soon as tonnage can be provided to convey them froffli Dubliii to Liverpool . The officer commanding each division will be instructed . to report to the inspecting field officer at Liverpool , Und follow his orders for proceeding by railroad to London for Canterbury . Twelve women for every hundred men will bs allowed to embark with each regiment for India . —Naval and Military Gazitie . .

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      5 i 3 an ^ rit |) ti 3 > § PC

      Untitled Article

      ' - .- . : ' I' - ¦ . - ' ... ,. - ' ' ' .. ¦ ' - '¦¦ ' - ¦ ' " - ¦ - - --- ¦ - ¦•¦•¦ - . - ¦ .. . ' - . - ¦ ' " •¦ ¦'¦¦ . - , , . ¦ . ¦ ¦ ,., , . ¦ - .. . - , ¦ _ . ; ,. . ^^ fc

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), March 26, 1842, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct883/page/6/