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Northern Star (1837-1852), 17th August 1839, Edition 5 of 5, Page 5, Untitled Ad

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      Untitled Ad

      THE ASTONISHING EFFECTS OF PAUL ' a DII . BA 1 LHES PILLS . PAUL'S DR . BilLLlE'S FAMILY APElilENT PILLS for both Sexts —An effectaal remedy for indigestion , bile , g ijainc ?* ef th * bea . J , piltH , gout , Sec , acting miidiy but ttieetuall y , withoat gri p ing the ir = ? . ide . They destroy worm ? , cleanse the system , and eradieace all external eruprir « . n « , and restore u > the skin a beautiful ant ! healthf ul appearance , i ' or femn l es th-a « p ills are truly wouderfui . Intemperar : ce is drprivwi of its pfrcieioc efficts hy the .-. e pills ; they regulate the bowei 3 , improve ihi d ; ge < 3 tteu , and ward olf disease . TESTIMONIAL . Frora I 5 r . Gardiner , Cl ? . pV . ain . Sir , —Yon have a = ked my opinion 'jp . "fi rour Dr . Bai !! ie ' a Piiin , and I beg tc say that I have reconiuei : d « l theift to variou- f ^ rnilit ' , and 1 have aever found any KO effeftua ! in i . Lirifyinfj thd blood , cltaKSin ^ r the bowels ' , improviii !» andre ^ ioriiiK the iii ^ e . stivo or ^ aa-i , und correcting aciditien it > the 6 romacb , and I nn convinced , were a in per .-. on to take thew at the first appearauce of disease , they would entirel y overcome it . Yoarc , ? iact-rely , JAMKS GARDINER , M . D . To ilr . Janif . Paui . Sold in lroxe * at 1-. ] . } a ., 2 .- > . Dd ., 4 s . Cd . and > Is . eaeVi . PAUL'S /* 3 ! iEF . ICA >? BASaARI , A CEKTAIN Ct ' KF .,

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      c ' UK CUU < -tH . i > . tOLbS . ASTHMAS , INFLUENZAS , CONSUMPTION , HOARSENESS , SHORTNESS OF BREATH , &c . The numerous iriJtsiiced iu which PAUL'S AMERICAN UA-LSAM . has tiTected a v erfeot c " ri' > n the iL-ovt ! ctnnpiiiints , have procured tor it a very importaRt placst . in the li .- > t of specific mnediee . Dr . Turner , late Lecturer at the London Univer .-ity , rcittarks that it .- ) efitcts are most won . if rflij . Sold is Bottles at 1 " . ] jjd ., 2 s . 3 d ., 4 a . fid ., and 12 s . each .

      Untitled Ad

      11 Kite < mm s 5 f , *• > p ; «»> 5 ** * '• ¦ " ¦»¦ S o

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      TRANSATLANTIC PACKET OFFICE , Ao : 36 , {( ate 2 ) , Bv . ih Street , NORTH END , FRIKCES DOCK , LIVERPOOL . T ) ACKET *» r transieut Ships are di > patehed from X this establishment every week , with Goods and Pessengers for Few York , Fhikde . ' phia , Bfittimore New Orleans , &c . and at suitable periods for Quebec and Montreal , aad other ports in British Anserica . These Ve . vels will bs found on inspection to average from 500 to 1000 Tons Burthen , very rmvff __ betwixt docks ; aj-d fitted up in a manner to ra § Cwl ^ J *| . _ the eemfort and convenience of those embarW & /** + * «§ $ & eithtr i : i Cabin , Second Cabin , or SteGraga ^ JfcL ^ U For Terms of Freight or Passage . JCS ^^ Ml ^^^ Appiv to ffiwi £ BzrtSB& WILLIAM SALMON JSrflUE ^ S ^^

      Untitled Article

      f" 2 e ftat the procession p « s = ed the magistrates ' c 5 : ca they grcr ^ ed . The firs t lacgTi - . ge I heard 5 J \ Douall use iR-a * calline the Go ^ eixment a bloodthirsty set of Wligs for prosecuting Stephens .-He aL'o * 3 id I advise you a ! , bo £ i men , women ,- and cr . ir . ? en at Sheerness , Chatham , asd other place . * . Tae London Char ; is : j cculd easily ta'ke posses-i ^ n of ihe Tower of LocdoE , -with its 200 , 003 stand ot m . b ?; that fifi / determined men could &iji & ' ' London ; that there were plenty of gan < ir \ ths ' hop * , where ye could get a quaatii / of arms by a rise JEil kiciribjf bis Joot throcga the door ; ihst the London Chiii : a-ts "wcnld be read y &t i > re 2 days' noure to meet the Ca&r-Jsa in

      the country . Tie meerig then ghontedlie people crying Out Vi We are rea ^ y . " acd one fired a pistel . " He said , They dare not iry S : ep keiu , for Stephens would try them . " Ha " then advised the people not \ o go by s . few together—if they did the s oldiers woxld fire npcn them ; bnt to p in a large body together , and th « n the soldiers tFonld not fire upan them . He said that fire out of « ven of both officers in tha army and estj -were for them ; and that the soldiers were getting up " pe'iuous id favour of tie Charter . Col . Sibtiorpe wanted to know whit they wanted with pit ^ s ; we will le t him itow what we want them fcr if they re'uss n » the Charter , He said S 3 -tent hearted " fanners' son > , wilhbill hocks would do a deal of execution inagoud d'a *^ lik e this ; end one Bian with a gnodbill Itoo k wo-. ld io&s msca execution as a hundred « catnps ii red jackets hired fcr lad . a-diy . He s . l < o ta ' Ked tbout mortar cla ;? and oth ^ r combn « ubie « . Hi <

      ct >« er \ atioiis were receixei with cheers and shout * , & great coisi and excitemeat prevailed . J r w& * sach a Eeerirg as vra ^ calculated to excite terror . and alarm in the minds of tbe ^ ha ' titanis . R ? m \ iL » d wish theax till th-y d \« peraed , which -vraj a fev minutes after eiglit o ' clock . Th » r 3 was a light ir > ide the bsildin ^ : and the populace were in tbe d =. : ) c . I believ < T oier speakers addressed tie siting . Mr . M'Docall defended Hmseif ; and Mr . CorrrKCHAJa appeared for Bradley . Crcss-piaaiined by Mr . M'Dovai-l—The fir * T tn-e 1 saw tLe proce ** ioii was half-past sever :, a ; . d ljcined them soon af > r to watch them . Did not ¦« c ^ k ia precession , only follow-ei , did not link ax- < . Tier- was bands of muFic tid banners , with terrlbls" ' words upon them . Ttere were about 1 . 500 left Mrs * . th- 'V marched in jegolar order , acd wa * jcicedby others before they rercme-d . . Mr . Jehtis—H'iti a > ecosd b ^ sd of mesie ?

      Th ? JvDGr—And with a double number of persch- * . 1 soppose . Gateley—Yes , my Lcrd . Crc-gs-examinatiou continned—I am cocstable c ! Hyde , and have been a constable all my life . Did not receiTe order * to attend ih" meeting ; nor had I any promises or rawari held oat to nw ; but thenght itreydnryto a . t : en « l ths meeting . I was ii the Eiiddieof tiemeetiig , about twelve yards fromycu ; » sother ccE . * tab ] e was with me ; did not take any notes . Made notes the next morning ; laid th « -m before die magistrates the same morning ; and was called upon to prove them the Friday following . Did not communicate wi : h any per * cn previously to that . Bid not read all the banners . Tad procession tkat returned would be about 3 , 000 : ssa they troaned the

      opposite the Ma ^ btralf vomce . I ihiai Mngi . < - rratfs were not in th ? o 3 ice . You did not state how they ran ? J provide themselves with & en ? , pistol . * , pii ' e * . and sabres . Yon talked xfeout tna Chard't * cf London ; end g&id yon had bten in all parts of the country . ^ You raid that * &e people must meet the foldier ? not in a few but in ntiEiberis and thenihey wc-cid not fire npon th ^ -m . You at the samp timtcld them t ^ ey had noting to fear from the military . Noted it down from memcry . [ Here Mr . M'Douail in order to test tie memory oi the witnf ^ s read a short passage from a book / and then assed the witcess what lie had be ^ n rea ^ 'tig . ] Co uld not repeat tie snbr tance of tie pas-age just read . Your speech ia < ted an hour or better ; and I oLly recollected s :-me parts of it . Can ' t recollect what you have kt read .

      ilr . M'DorALL—Then I shall not ask to-d set mere ( juestiocs . l # aac Brai ' L-n-sr-sras then caD « 3 and saii—I am a special constable at Hydf . Recollects Monday eveaicg the 22- d April , " that a number of persons between 1 . 000 and 1 . 5 JJ collected nesr the TYorking Men ' s Ins' . iiatioa . Thry foiled iato a prcce-rion , with nusir , and carrying lligs beailuginscriptions oi Universal icSrze ^ , Vote by Ballot , Eqaa ! R ' Kht ? , M . C Equal Ls . t « . ar ; d No Properrv Qia . ifira :: cn . Upoa one cauied by a girl 12 y ^ ar- of agr wa « ? n :: en Hyde Female Racical Association . Tu . ey Tett frorofonr cr 3 re abress : down Hyde , throngh F . owrry Held , towards Newton . I observed when they returned to rhe number of 3 OHO with another band of iQCsic that en passing the Magistrates-cfiice

      they r pfatedl ? groaned . I followed them to tfce f orking Mea . * ln » titatian in company with the ] i * t witness . Bradley wa ~ s tanding at me wicdo » . HesiTi « eithein to be qiner . and said Mr . M'Dotall woniJn * i : t e ^ idre « them . Mr . M'Dopali then cajae forward to the w ' ldo * and was received with loed aid tremendous cheering . Brad ! ev b ecuung Stephens . He said , -They dare not iry Stephens , but he will try th-m . Th ^ y have get cu : oi the frying pan and will next get into tie lire . " He said he had been to L nion , Chatham , and Shaercess , to agitate for the People ' s Charter ; and he had fonnd ~ cut that the people need not fear neither tha ana j or the natT , for they wonld

      not iire upon their , rive out of every t ren of both cScers and icei :, beiiig ready to gt > hand in hand yfith ihsTs .. He ad-dsed them ail to get armed . Tho ? e who could not purchaie a gun , pistol , or a pike , must get lucifer matches , which were very cheap . He said the Lob don Chartists were ready to meet tkem at three days' notice . The people then cried out" we are ready , " and some one fired a pistoL He said there wt '» no more crime in breaking into a jrncsBltis ' s ^ hop , than i = entering a cotton factorr , End 30 determined m ? n codd have any quaijdty of arms by kicking their foot through a gunsmith '* door . H ? said ti&t 'be town of London with its 200 or 200 . iK > 0 . 1 fo-get which , could ea- * ilv be takrn poi . 'e .-iion of . He siid he would be with th-ra at the grea : day of * rrSEsle ; and wouli fight

      with ta . era to tie la ^ t- Greet clieering here toc-K place . He ssid that fifty farmers' sons w ; ti bill hook * , would go a deal of cf execution in a good cause like thei * =. \\ h n - i-Donap withdrew , h 3 was r-psatedly cheered . Thjee pistol yhots were fired durisg rhe meerlcg Bradley afterwards spoke shortly , bat I cjuII not i-s . r wnat h ^ said . A v > te r . ' . t ' * . a . nks wis gives to M'Dmall , aid the ra ^ cc-jr broke np berwean kalfpa ^ -t ten and el- ? vra o ' clock . Tee meeting vraji cu . csl ^ z&d to excite alarm ta the neighbourhood . Ms / i ? mintites of Ae procediiig s the next mcrning . Cross-examined by Mr . Corrixc-H ^ MJ-Three or fctr gL'is under tw ' elva years of age were cain ing £ ze * . There were g ; 3 = hundreds «> f females and children ia the procession . The iBajojity wer ?

      children . Bradley spoke shortly : did not hear him py anything about Moral Force . The factories Izose asoBt hajf-past seven ; and the bauds lose no * > i : nt in getting to thv-e Meetings . Crs . 's- ^ xarsined br M'Dguall —Was a watcLman s : Sia . rbrilgs : left ' about rix raomLi &go of my own accord , arid caaia to Hyde . During the inierfal . I went to % foot-race at Keri ^ l Moor . Never wi < 2 cca « ei ef any misdemeanour or crime . Have been accuied , at liyde , by some of your own pupils , of stealing a cds . 1 at Kersai Moor . Saw a fiig carried by ^ irls . I s&id the majority at the meeting werj boT 3 and girls . Did not state that you said of

      that Toa had be ^ n in all parts the conntr v only to £ ? itase far Stephens . Heard three shea fired : was ten jards frora you . Cotli cot catch any more of tie language than I have stated , in consequence of tie nob"d tha-t prevailed . Did cat take notes . Gatley wrote the language down for me . and I told Lim wkit had p £ 5 t ? d . Do not know whether any shops were shut or doors locked in consequence * of the me-ting . There are private dwellings litar » he mapi-trite ? ' Office , and fiid not lewk if they were ckr »? d . [ Here M-Donili ' * read a sentence or two , ang asked it . ? wimass to rapeat whit bid beea resd , which he tec " t ; ei to do ]

      jI'Douall—I Jiball decline asking any further qurstioas . _ , Re-examined by Mr . Welsbv ( lor the prosecutor ) M'Douati ' js trade is ag itation ; and [ mean 2 > y Ms aupils , his agitators . Jse Donn ii one o ! of the bi black

      &em . and a fighter , and one ggest - r ^ a r ; = in Newton . , , , , His Lordship said the mtaeu had condsztid tia * elf improperly in using snch language m Court . Wime * s— Bnt it ' i ! true , my L ^ rd . Hi- Lobdship replied that that might be the fu-. but it wa 3 not proper to be app lied in the man-0 £ r the witness had used it . William Tinier was called aod said—I remember Monday evening , tha 22 nd of ApriL _ About nme 0 clock . 1 § aw the matting and procession at Hyde . Tn » re were between one and two thousand person *;

      * ad saw them come tow * rds the Working Men s Institution . 1 h . eard bands of music , and 1 saw « ac ? rs . VThile they passed along Chorlton and Sib - Bert ' s Office , the Clerks to the Magistrates , 1 ward them groan loudly . 1 remained some time opposite the office ; and then went to the meeting , * ad fouad a large concoor ^ e of people , and a man ^ irridng them frora the window . Did not go ** 7 near , nor staid very long . Heard the speaker !* 7 wiaethiEg about the Tower of London , and * 2150 , 000 stand of arms ; and that fifty stout men ? onld easily take possession of it . Did not stay itt 2 g , becaare I did not feei much at ease . 1 was J ^ re afraid of the inral t 3 of the people than any »* % injury ; yet 1 csnsidtr that ths mealing wiis 6 : 16 cslculafted to create alarm . Cro . - > -exarniEed by Mr . Cottiagejm—Am a * - ? t-on at iiyce . bnt * vras not on this ecca-ie :: goitg

      Untitled Article

      to ^ . sit paaents . 1 went to the xzen ]? g becau .-e i heard tnit M'Donail was ^ oing 10 speak . 1 wout about n 5 ae o ' clock . Yi&s on . y afraid of insnlu * . It is pretty well known vsrim i y politics are—thev are opposed to theirs . 1 am not a Tory ; 1 a ' i anything but a Chartist . 1 have been taunted vitb bemg a Whig ; and little and great ^ irls make ! aces at me . ( Laughter . ) By Mr . M'Dovall— Hal attended some ef their meeiiug ? , and am related to some of tha manufacturers ; am brother-in-law to Mr . Thomas Ashton ,

      a Magistrate at Hyde . Saw nothing like riot or disturbance ; tut heard a shout and uproar as the people pass .-d the Magistrates' Office . Was not pemmaiiy alarmed , nor any reason to fear insults , other th&n to mv political leelicgs . Am a Factory S'ir ^ eon for that dLtr : ct . There was no obstrncuoa of tie thoro ^ th-are in whic \ the people assembled ; saw no shop shut up in consequence of tlie meitiug . Cannot promise to repeat what you rea-d ; it depends upon the nature of the subject . Decline to repeat the sentences yoa h&ve just read .

      Joseph Mcttrain—My father 5 * the proprietor of thd Water Works at Hvde . Saw the procession ii question ; and wer . t to the place of meeting to hear MvEX'Uall * :. e . ik , ia company with ano . her Youn ^ mau . M'D ' ouiil , who was talking through the windcK " , in speaking of the prosecution of Stephens by Government , he said Le wa * gl ^ . d to hear tha their friend Stephens vas gone into Worceutersbire for tha purpose of recruiting his health ; but he would oe with them in a s :, ort time . He * sail tae Judges dare no : try Stephens , but triat Stephens would : ry tbf > Juig-s ; ' tb .= y hid hopped out of the frying-pan > ito Lh" tire . He Then * aid that the bn . « i-

      nf ^ s tae Locvsnaoa was left iu able , wealthy , a . ni vrillia ^ harids , nrdtUat th ^ y vreie going rv '> cut the count' 7 agitating and preparing the people . He said ' . hat he hz . ± been at Sae ^ rnes . - ' , Chatham , and other parts , and that tbe people of London were riper , acd in a . more forwKrl sittte of action , lisan the p-ople f Hyd- - > imd \ h .+ neifcLbourho . d —that ther * w .-re 200 , W 0 sland of urms in tie Tower —that thirty asle-bodied o . en migit gain pc > s-s .-iou vl th ^ m , aci that many of t-. e # hv >^ s ia London were w ? li stored with fire ^ aini- ' . He slid he had no doubt if any of their partisans happened to fill while using a sabre or cutla «« , that another would take it up acd restore it from whence it came . They must remember the three gloricua day ^ of Jul / . lie racollf cted nothing el . * e than that he said kk To your uai * . O I-rael ! " They kept fidng pistols ; but : h > m ^ 'eang waj orderly , only thay kt-pt shouting no ^ v and then ..

      Cross-fXiin ' . iird by Mr . Cotti . ngh . am—I went thereto li ^ tea to what was < fii d , at * d Lo * - ii w- ^ s couductei ] , ; or 1 hid aji auxicty oa that point . ! aai not at school liOw . The p ' oplo were orderly , so far i * regard * tonmlt . By Mr . M'Doitall—D . » J not fe ? l any alarm ]; the procession was noj tn . HiuUuou- ' , iha . * . I know of . 1 am sura you spoke -a . Ljtt thirty » bie-bcdied men . 1 dii not take notes , but sprak ironx meta ^ r . ' . ( . \ lr . M'Douall here read a iong t « atence , which he asked witness to reyeat ; witness s ? . id he cuald not do it . ) This closed the prosecution .

      Mr . Cotti . ngham acdr .-ssfd t e C . - > urt for Bradley , and submitted tb . p . t thojj in authority , at the head of her Majesty ' s Government , had commirte-d ten times a greater offence than had been proved agsinct Bradley . Mr . M-Douall then entered onhi < defence , which occupied four hours , lu appearing before them at the present moment to plead > us own caa . sf , he cculd not help recollecting toe old and trice expression , frequently made t . se o , and which might , perhaps , be applicable to himsrif , that he vrbo pleaded hii own cause had a fool for his client , H * might certainly have emplojed counsel , and by so iomg have giveu more c . guuy acd importancB to h ~ s causf ; bat when ke coLsidertd the splendid legal talent wh ch would be arrayed against him , and leit

      that as far as leg ; ii talent wvra concernfd , tLnt humble as his o « n abilities were , he should be compelled ta rely up . ^ n them and upon th » > jusrice of his cau < e , aided by that wise and humane provision o ( the law which made it a duty of iue Jud ^ e on the Bench to act as counsel , not ior the prosecmiou , but ior iKe prisoner , in the justice of the laws of this country he placed BLs confidence ; to tbe authority and decisions of the Jcdgcs who had presided on thes judgm- ^ ut- ^ eat ; and to the well kuu-vn and eitiiblished impartialiiy of British Jurirs ; t-jtbr' ^ -, and to these & ) one , he tru .-c-d for the ^ access o . ' hU can ^ a and for hL < honourable dismissal from that b ^ r . It wig needle ** , he h ^ ped . to a ^ k the Jary to iav aside nnv pr-jcdice that rni ^ -it fcsr ? pr ^ ozenpied

      iheir rcic' . bet ne ci-i entrr ? . t th > .-iu to cast e . si .: e all p .-t-jadice , whicb . evrn uiicun-sc ' . o'j ^ ' iy arose in the minds of many iTom \ he exttajT&iiiuy ala ., m and geuer . u at-itstion wh'ch prevailed in tbu country , tmi in thEt uistrict h . t the pre . * f ut mutneut He cxd not > tiind before ttiein to denv auy one prmcipie nhi ^ h he ka . d aiv ^ t < iif i , but he did protest aiain : t tae raa-iner in wLica the Attoroey-Genrral had allad > -d tT Eiee . ^ ngs , circuniitaac ^ s , a&j evenLs . wh : ehh'tdco connexion wirh tijeca-e the Jary b . td to n r naeeucgs thtvt h . sul ' . arn-erly takt-a p : ac » , aii ' . which the A ' . toni' \ -Gene .-ai b"wi eo rijjl . t to allude to . becaKse he s . d uof , aad roa ) d nr > r . giv- them i J fwdence . He p ,-otts ; ed against the uc'aii . iesi of imputiD ^ : to him ui oViVr . * a . t-e "worst de . * cript \ cE , e ^ ii

      idrgnii ^ e , tiis u : ; uc ; ty of wU : ch ; c- Le * r _« f j G -Et . emsa . * ^ id he had not langtag- tu dtsc : - . ';;?! . Whni an ^ uige hs . d Leen prove ! to the Jury ¦ which coui : justiy sqcU aji ej . iti . et : NVha : conduct ; hat co ^ . J jn ^ tily the impu- iiiioii of such mctiwa ? He then proc-. * edei to cefend the gru . nds oa which he hia « jppor : ed tha pre ^ -t agiia . , oa . He hai n . ^ t enter .-d on it from any ^ l « jon » j / notiorj , dprived from cere iheoretiral principles ; b-i be had foacded the G ' Ctrine . s whicii he £ iad advoca' ^ d upon the Constitution and statute-book of England , and upon tbe ancient and most RUtheiitic rrcords connected with tk- \

      CoEflitutivn . Ho then proceedxi to ( juot- ' a con-> i ^ "rs . iile LumV . er of an : i . o . 'itir * in support of those views . FroTi Tacitui r . ud CKior , to prove that trus Btiusu tnbes - « rre m tu ¦ habit oS meeting in bodies ia coucci ; ; that tbe s . ime plan sa > - loUovod by the -jaxoii } , aad t ^ al ai ! th-ir laws Wire pe' ^ fcd by edicts of g .-aeral o ? 3 ! -inblie » of tLe wLol- > body of tie T > eoplf . a . nd reitrr-d , in proof of this , to a decree of 5 ; gi . \ ic , lhv < he ^ -d- ' .: — " This is tbe decree of Sieeric , in tbe Court i . eld b .-fore K'Uj ; Ethelred , the ArcLbisLop of Ycrk , the Bish p , Abhirs . pnd Senators , th ? criir ;* , aud pe ^ ' . e i » i the > ho . e count , r , " and tkpn 'jroc-eded to enninera : e v . iiious otuer

      Chr . riers be ^ ieii : n a r-yiW rnaan ^ r . It Alfred the Great who intrcduc ^ -1 the priacirie of repr ? sentitioa , in con-equence of 'indiiig v . a a ^ 5 erabiage of the -whole peopie t- - o cuaitroas ani inconvenient . Thus it * ei > t on liii tUe Norman dsataiy became supreme in England , and soon t ' tit-y respected ana adopi ' -d tbe ancient Sax . iii c ^ -to ' . ^ - . liy tio 4 lh Esv .-2 . rd 111 . c . 15 , it « as ecacH-d that Parliamrnt F' . OtUd be Ltild Once or oJl ^ rerin every year , if neei be . . Thus tiie principal oi ' Auaua . 1 t ' drli .-meiit * -was * aLctiostd by rtatt-te as veil as by custom . Ner was there ty 'he ancien : laws ?; ncJ Constitcuon &oy property Jitrit of suilcage uut ; tne r ^ iga o ; Ileiiry VI ., and v-jat was tbo reA « t ; a alleged for pa .-siag that Act : Not that any incor . vcbu

      ni ? nce iad Bcioally aji ^ en . : beciius oy reason of men of stHaller iebstacce and no value voting at elections rr-ts might a ; i > e ar . d be ' . Annual 1 'a . rliameuls -sere held up to an i 5 i tbe rri ^ n oi Heniy VIII ., and i : *¦ =- * w ' eii kno » -c that the n . ' .: eznpt tu interfere with the duramen cf Parliament had rtittenal iuttu ^ nce in br -ug iig Chailes to the block , it wa 3 a rpita-sabla feature ii English hi . « to ; y that it was not to Eug ikh bet to foreign > ions . rchs tr .. \ r we were indebted for r \ c * e i ivasioai of tbe . E : k i ; L CoDitkuuon which fcuiei ^ he subject of .-uc . i t" -ueral complaint at the present moment . Wj'iinm III ., a atriager . abrogated Aiiuual P ^ riamenr .-and introduced Trleumsi F .-irlkmen - ; , and George I ., another stranger , pii * ttd . , the S-ptenciJ Act . The jury woild remember probably the celeordt .-d Drotest of Uie Pe ^ ri on that occasion , aui the reason the ? alleged , viz . — - B cause they conceived that frequent and new Pririirvnents were reqcirel by the

      fundamental Constitution of tie rungaum . ana the practice thereof !* r many agrs . " It ra . ' . therefore , ior nothing n ^ . v tlia . t t ^ e CaartisU cocteuded ; all that the v ask was th ^ restoration of these ancient laws and customs which were , fundamental to Inc Censtitadoc , and which the necessity of the present time * demanded should be restored . Ail that the Chartists claimed was tbe ••> t-griry and ta © reality of that Constitution which had grown with ocr growth , and strengthened with ogr strength , which had been the boast of this laid , acd the envy of surrouud ig naUon ? . One of the moit important elements of that Constitutirn we-g the right fo perfect freedom ot di » cus « ioo , pad it appeared to him a monstrous violanon of tbe Constitution to prosecute persons attending suc'a meetingft , * nd to treat vhetn a * tumultuous and un l awful . Was it utlawfcl to call or to attend meetings for the

      purpose of pe ; ition ^ Tig Parliam-nt , to i-. tura to those undent laws and institutions ruder wh \ ch i ha grandeur and srroarn&ss of th \? country bad b- developed and matured ? There could be no greater minake thsn to snpposs that 'ha Chartifts and the people generally wero recstess adroc < ite (» of change , it was coau * ry to tke vei / nature of man to suppose this ; tor national habits , customs , and laws were ihe t -ings to which the majority of mankind were especially attached . It was froa the violation of fb . c * e ancient laws and custom ? , which he « incerely believed were framed ; i the

      « -ir ' t of the proioandest wisdoa , that distress pervi- ' ed o = r land , and agitation stalked in its tram . kuulheT of tho-e erroneous no dons regardiag Charnsm whish had been extensively aad auiorit-tive . lv propagakd , aud wuich hid excited a most unjust prejudice against the a , was that it was ? ieif object and intenlion to approp .-a ' . e and dw-de pvpertr . It was cot id bs woade « d at that any & * poari ral 83 Ct ai L-ing ^ . the s » te , s ^ oid meet wi-a obi oq-iv wr ch they tivl net Cestrra . Tho ** Chriiu ^ ss them- -olv ^ * . v « ft proof o : _ tVj , ana « r' accused of cr-ne * aad m uvM oi _ a mos , « iciJS character . IV say ihat ** C ^»« S auvc

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      cateu a division oi property was a most atrocious libel upon them . Let them take the Charter witii its five points : let them read them from , beginning to end , and they would not fiid the slghtest ground far such , a charge . The only di \ i « ion of property which th-j Chartists aimed at wks a division of political property , an equal participation with , others in political rights and privileges , and by which no one would bis robbed or i njured . He could say , not only for himself , bnt for all with , whom he had associated io this cause , that he never heard , either in public or private , tlw slightest whisper of such a proposal . What rational man coeIj for a 8 ngle instant t-ntena ? ti such an idea ? F-t weru property eqnaiir divided one week tbe next would find 11 mtrzfd in tb . e hand * of tke stroii ^ , the degiErpTjj

      and the industrious , by whem it would ii wrkdied frum the weak , the foo ! sVj , and the idle . Another fitrqeiou * libel on the professor * ol Chartism " was the attributing to thera thj adrocacy of th ? dagger ami tae torch . Ia all times the patriotic , tho ^ e vrho sought the improvement of the institutions of their countiy , had to encounter unmerited abuse . The greit Washington himself had not esoaped , and , Hnfortunately for the Chaivi » ts—nn ' ortunately for those who , oqc of pure love of couutry , advocated the regeneration of oar ancient Constitution , there were a large number of bad and vicious men , tj whom it migtt be exceeding convenient to assrine the rue . sk of Chartism , but wbo . te vices and eiimet , which existed p . Ior to and independent of Chartism , it was most unfair to charge th ? m with . Thus

      in London , it was said there was a predatory popuiflU n of 100 . 000 per ^ in * , or at leait , that 100 , 000 person * rose tvery jcomiug in London , without xno « ing where to get & breakfast . \ Tere the crimes of all the lawless of society to be charged upon thn Ci » artvsi »? No ; though the live yoinU < ji thd Charter w-re insisted upon , and ' " usiv . eti upoa mainly , because ot ihe mit < 3 r ) - ? u which the poorer cla-sts were r . t pr s .-nt plunged—though he : _ tlt deeply for thosn miseries , he could » ti T feel ior thos-i who had been born in afllu » ace aai uurtered in luxury , . md » iould the torch of tae iacendury ever , unhappMy , be applied to th . nc dwelling s , none would oe more deserving of comrni > erAtion th » u those who should thas be rendered homeless . The Chartist "" , the true Chartists ,

      tbr * e who entered upon or jo'ued the presant agita'ion on pure , and philosophic , and coc ? uiui . ' . onal motive !* , were just a $ anxious to put down the u- > e of the dagger and torch , as the rich and the powerful themselves . Hi tu « n entered into a descciption o ! the mistries and sufferings of the working classes , to which he attributed the agitation commenced by them for the increase cf their poii . icsl power . It had be-.-n the early habit of his life to ubsvrva cicsel y the condition of the people , and the operation of the laws , and th « m i sery which he h-. d set u previil around him , bad iaduced hi-n closely to examine into and investigate tbe canees . Of We years . h « regretted to say , there had t « ken piaca a striking ana lamentabio chan ^ L in the condition of the wotting clasieu of this empire .

      He could well ( though yovnx ) renumber the time when tbtre existed Jn h \ s native country a bignminded , educated , noble , and industrious raw of meu , the hand-loom weavers . The in ^ n were iatsliigftat and prosperous , their wivcg well clothed and liippy , their hopsea stniFug , and their kearth-Ftone * giad . He could remember when the f < ODg of joy mingled with the rattle of their loom * , when the people worked with happin ?« s and pleasure in-toad of as no » with curs ,-s HiuUerin ^ on their lips agaiast those laws by wbich they were not protected . Where were now tbose men ? The backwoojn of America , the watch-fire of the sjlditr , tho debtor ' s giol . p . nd the calprit ' s cell , bad completed the wurk of misery ; their cottages wera rooile ^ s .-: their hearth-Sitoues cold , acri in the beautiful

      language ol brriptare , the plac ? that occ < » knew thein ; kn > ws thftn no logger . When he came to this country be b-.-Leli t h * » ams deciiue of a oncj noble rac * . TL « Lk . q jicraftsnaen wa * f >«« . * : rig away , nud carrying his talect and bis ingenuity to other " ldnds , wtiist the mighty genius ot" machinery was calling facforie" into existence in every direction . He once entertained the hope that machinery with its vant powers , wa « daotaed to raiti ^ dte me u > il of man ; to eaable him with less expenditure of Inborn to gain inore oi tb . t > couiforts of nf < r , aad to improve the hnppinesi of our social condition , lu consequouc ^ of iue •¦ UTnalui given to tro < ie m . ichin-. 'ry wP . j invented , aud it Lad produced the effects to which ho h . ; l ju -c alluded . Iiv- had examined minately into th * c udition of the fact ; : / libearer . s , h > Id : ug , ou th « only raihnal co = n 3 ns 5 on ; iny cne co :: ld come tothat by

      , theiutroducticn o ! m-iCL ' meiy manual labour would be . es-ened , but he found on the other hu'id , tf . at ins * . , ui of the t-jjat hourft ']» b ^> r b ** iag reduced to fcur by th- n ^ licdtbn of maclr -u'ry , winch ^ ould produce m > much quick r and cheaper , that it bnJ doubl d tbe m ^ niiil labonr an-1 iucreaeeJ it to sixteen hours . j u his cxauiinM . ori he wa < nat disposed to take the complain s of the people them-•> iives < r to believe nil they stated , but he maiio it his bu < iuess to txirvne rnd i '_ i | n re Jrom iou ^ e to hous ; " , acd from ciocr to door , iind B . s certain what the rritl coaJiti ? n of tts people w , i ? , aai from the sUuition he occap . ed a ^ n . TOfi'iciil man , h- was the be ; ter enabled It judge not only cf tb :-ir «> - jckl bat their CoekvUc condition . {) ' so much iiiportrtnc- * were hi * hi->¦ =. < 'va-ioa-s anil rc # arcLf ^ d .-oiLed that ute of

      tie Sectetar . e * oi state of the present Government Lad ¦ written to r- 'in for a copy , atirl it tl-o Uiu-il s p lace on the books of tbe Billyh Association hvl . l nt Newcastle-on-Tyke , which was , perhaps , 'ho best i-xiaeuce he coals ^ ivoof its correcrcess and truta . He had examine

      is . mihes ttier-j were nine ia ona b'd-room ; : n thrf * t . ' fa . mi ; ied t '^> re wer e eleTer . in one bed-room : in two famili b tberj were ts-elve , and in ono fp . mily tliero wt-rs tLirto ^ n slefping in one bed-r ^ om . There were only 17 ' 2 f&m 'irs out of 31 X ) who had two bei-room * . In eleveu ol thesrf families thero were tea p-rscni ia two bed-ro rns ; in ! our families thire were twelve ; in saven fimiliej * there vrere : 14 , and soon . He had tlum inquired upon the ' ^ uTj ot of wages , and ht > ha , d takea tbe data laid down ny the be ^ t and Jeidi' ; g rn .-inu . ' acttir r * of Lancashire , nsmely tea Bbiiiings per head per week ; but on examination h- » ha'i loond tbat on the average of a anmber of fa ; n ;} ies tho w ^ ges r ^ fl ^ ed only from 2 s . ( Ji . to 5 i . tid . per bead per week . At tha date of his itvestii ? a i "> ii !! ( August 163 ^ . thor >; wai p . law in ex' . stenc ^ by wh : ca ta ^ factory lafif ' : rs w-ere

      comp ; - i-ed to iiui teiiC-ieri for tho persons employed ucier thein , and ok ths s-ubject ot" ednciUvn the reaalt raj t . mt ' . at ot 309 Umilies in eleven iar /> i 1 ie . « , ciirv-ti :, ; o ; ri ; y p-r-fn . s , th » -re w « s not one person i . ! . ' !¦ . to r-.-aj . f . i r -seiitv-.-ix families there was only one :: j f . icii i * u : ly aoie ror < -ii . i—iufi ' tv-four families liierc were i-r / iy t'u in t-a ; h , utjd in ir rty-two fs"ni ' iei on . y wv-rw- ' . . ire tlirre \ : ^ ti ' -k" in eacu able to read . 1 ^ ei <;_ -y- » : x f .- 'n ^ vj ! - " , c >) n . sisiiug of o-2 j P ' -Tiod-. there s . i . u . j i cue ab ; e : ;> wire . Ja aixiy' . w > f . t : n . h--. s there w ^ re l * o abl « to vrite in caca ; i tw-r ; ty-iiirie ium ' . iier * tUlTe Were throo ' * each . H- > ?• ji , i-: ii' -w d : recc them l > anoiiitr point for tbe purpos' 5 o ? .-kowitg the couueetion between hi ? 'o-iii ^ r ^ v - "C- ^ v : t and tKe present prosecution . 1 Li- c re tn- .-. re orcurr ^ d at t : ie viliaee wkere lie ¦

      •' . . l breii . ' - .- . — ,. - . n-. i where the meetung had beon :. -. ' . t' ) hub t-r -. vi ' ucli J ; e now appeared at their bar . ;;¦ : : > . d ? :. it ( - ( i a : rcauy that he had goneiato » ta ex iu UiU ; ii oi tiid lactorv > jsttm , iu curjstqueBce of a . chi-. iieA ^ u wtiicb . had beeu thrown out tbat th ^ naii or Mr . Thomas Ashton , &i Hyde , ^ as thu be ^ t in E jglani , and of which a report bad been drawn up ana sub-aittei to the British Association , by Mr . Filkin . That report was calculated to spread ri erroneous notijn throughout the world coiiceruing the boasted comfort of the factory people cf England , b .-ciufe at tae rn ? etiDg ot thst nssociv . tion ta ^ s most distinguished men from America , France , G-eiinany , Italy , Switzerland , and almost all the important towns and di .- * : r icts in Europe and America , were present . And in order to show tbe connection between the present prosecution and thut iivestigatioa which he had made into the factory system , he would remind tho jury tt : a . t tb . e

      principtil w . tness againsc hiia , was the brother-iu-law ot Mr . Thomas Ashton cf Hyde . In the first house he had visited he hsd Jonnd six males and tbres females—two ont cf the nine were -workt-Tr- , and received J " s . per week , out of which they paid Mr . Tuomas A « hton 5 s . ojd . for coals , rent " , and water , not forgetting 2 i . a we .-k for tbe Sunday School , ldav . ng a sum of II * . 7 d . for nine persons to live on during the week . In another house there were two iema . l&g , one of whom was a worker , who received 19 s . a fortnight . Out of that arm shep » id 10 s . Id . per fortnight to Mr . Taomas A-hton , w ^ iich left 8 * . lid . to live upoa and support another female for a fortnight . He might quote ta them innumerable instances of thia of the gaiee de . * cr . ptioc , but he had collected together ii the report he hai prepared some facts of the foregoing description , Jo £$ 0 * the world ths condition otthe work

      the factory districts in Lancashire—and in fact throughout tha whole of hi * investigation there was onl y one vroman whos ^ hosbaud receiwd 20 < > a a Week , * h 3 sail tbat her condition waa modernteiy comfortable . Ia coniequence cf that investfgfition he had be . en made tie subject of tue pre&eut prosectuon ; and he was now accu .-ed by the Attorney-General of having only money in vie * , and reiusiag to work without being pa d . Seeing no m ° ans o { one individual contending agaitst a clwa of men possessiag not on y combination and numbers , bat c ipita ! , and perceiving liiat some of the noblest and ino » t pcilanttropic , and richest of men had fallen : utj poverty of the worst description by a similar couris of endeavOi-riag to procure justica for the

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      poor aui the laaustnous cldases , ho began to daspair of being able to improve their condition by any individual efforts of bis own . Believing that , and entertaining still the hope of bettering their condition , ho saw no probability of effecting the object without , at the kiihj time , giving the people the means oi" combatting the powerful opposition raised against any man who would dare to come forward and advocate tho rights of the people . He had at length become convinced taat there was no means of improving thair condition without , at tha same time , Riving them the pslitical power by which to effect ic ; and even if the effect urght b ^ calculated to produce Home agitation aad some evil to society , Btill there was infiaitely greater evil iu leaving th ^ se men expouod to the tyrannical iuflaence under ^ hich they ntre evfftririg ac chj present moment . It was

      impossible , i * th « reports tnade by tUe mftst-rs of the , * oij 4 i , tion of their workmen were true , that the srateinei ^ t p . f the Attorney-General cjuid be correct , when ne hpd accused him ( Mr . M'Douall ) of exciting &ud raising up the workmen against their masters . No man , whateyer might be his eloquence or popularity , could rouse and excite tha peoplo to cjmplaiu of the tyraauy of their massters , and t put forth the uiauy grievances under which they laboured , unless 8 ome of these grievances really existed . If the paoplo were really comfortable , no power on earth could induce the people to become agitators , and subject them to tho absurd charge of attempting to subvert the laws aad institutions of the couptry , when their only object was to resist

      changes in ttieir social condition , aad obtain the reatoratioaof th-ow * political rights which tueir ancestors had enjoyei . If the people wera comfortable , thera woald be no ugitation ; but if real misery and distress existed , then agitation was in-rely au effsct , asid tbis \ nvseiy , xVv « y Buffered the cause of that agitation . The Attorney- ( Jen-iral ha 2 , therefore , eutiely mistaken the matter , and . had imputed to the effiCt what ho oughit iu justice only to have ascribed to ths cauce . V . 7 hatever oWoq-. y or icisreprnsentatian might attach to his actims or proceedings , he would never relinquish his prcud position of advocating tha establishment of taosd principles * bicli werw founded on the ancient statutes , a . ad customf , aud rights of their foreiu

      father ^ tonaiLg Cue bagiktest page histo ry of England , uad which vfero never more neceo-sarj \ . k » a at the pr-.-seut tflbe , in cocscquenCR ot the mij » eiieu whicu the people endured—he would u-ver relinquish that gn . at purpose for any virionary schemo of a divisiou ot property , or the atrjcioue system of tho dugger and the torch . What he had clemtaded wns to establish those priuciples which would extend to the lahoure .-b of ih : u r , jnn \ ry the same pi ' . itical powers which the Reform Bill had conferred v » p ., n tke middle clashes . Ho demiinded that as a right , which they ought to possess from their position , as producers of the wealtn oJ that coantry , aud h . * beiug superior and more important , as a cla * i > , tiiitn ihosa in whose hands only tbat power

      was at present vested , and who were merely the distributors of the wealth , and austena . t \ ce ¦ waicb . the industrious classes l > rodueed _ aud created , lie delaauded it in right of their iutel ' iLre-cc : ) ; for vrhat class of men , he would ask , possessed a greater right to it on the ground of intelligence and ment&l capacity than the mechanist , who by his ingenuity could form those lenses by whicn distant spheres were brought apparently cios ^ r to the iuhxbitants of the earth , by vrbie ' . i tuey were ennbled to examine into tha beauty and tinnony ot their construction , and tim * tench them to worship the Creator in tho contemplation of t ! ie wonders and magnitude ot ' his works ? What men were botc-r entitled to those right thi » n the labourers who to ; led

      i » tk&ir Reid-, aiid laatie the vallo ] , s ; ir ; d the hUl sides of the country greoaandin the proper seison wavidgwitb . luxuriant .. crops of gr-. ;« ; iad tcomtng with fertility oud abur . da . 'ice ? JKrotn that cl . ifs of meu they derived all by wO'ch lite was yustuined ; aud for Bverytbiog , from cuoaforw tha me&ncst ta luxury the ln ^ htsi , they vase deuenilant upon ti ,. u vaKt mecbaEicjl arm , thu labour . og popul ^ non . Without the labours of tbat class ah their efforts ! in commercial enterprise aud mechanical improvement , and social advancement were as nothing , an- , as good architect ! 1 , they flioold certutiily bv anxious to see the basis of the noble edifice ot wliick they were so ]> roud , established u . ou a foundation <> f security , and permanence , and happiness . He

      sougUt for no wild , vir tounry , or tneureticnl improvementy . He ouJy wished to see tho auciant mstitutiuns aud tbe r- cognised rights ot the people of that niii . on restored and acted unun . lie merel y sought tur what at the presaut momotit existed iu it * most ex . ende-d seiiet ' , in ft country wkich -was hUely to be one ol' the greatest am'ii . g tho nations of tLe earth— ttie Americifi K ^ pul / iic . At the same Ut > would observe tbat ev ^ n by the estublishmeut of these principles lie did n < jt expect that everything theoretic * ly beuutiful or politically dcct'ptive wuu . d be gauiod . From all the eudencea he h ? id yet Rreu , he believed tnat iiiea ti > be il ' u ive . If they con . sult ^ ii tha most ancient records , such would be found tj be practically theiitsuU . K \ en

      uud' / r ^ lesef , tno choseu people of ( J j < J occasionally endured , want , Mid ianaiue . '' . ud de ^ olaaon stulkec Hcrcs . s the liud ; and ever * in that pluee , where the pecu . 'ur care and coijcein ot ( 1 id . vsas * luaiiifestrd in tut'ir behalf , and where ttey pencefully t-uded their flock . - ' , tbe fmoke of Imttit' ro ' A > : d ihrouph t'aepe De . tutiul valley .-, and the chciseiioitr . e p . ujiie , tie keadft oi the I ; ou . -e o ! Israel , were o m ^ eiiu-d i . j buckle on thoix' armour , to £ ( i !! i / j ) Oirouph tho waving iieliis o ' ' corn , a . id charge through th < 'ir afi ' righteti iL > ck . s . Ho would no . ? call the attention of the Jary to the meeting at Hyde , and from what had fallen from the Attouey-G neral it wonld appear that be was" no : tiiapo ^ ed tj dispute i i

      petition . To j-stablish that poiui , be wuuli take the liberty of reading e . & ultnt ' . fr ^ m a speech of th . Learned Gentlein » n , and h < j wouk observe that the last tune he had had the p . ea « ur j of seeing him was iu the midst of "aiiuf jes ana tumull / ious assembly , " ia the High-street oi' E-iinburgh . ( A iauyli . ) ' ihe Learned Gemieman had t . ikou tho liberty of hnpnt : ng to him the crime of being in tbe midst Of a " riotou * and tumultuous assembl y , " tit Hvde , and hid most unjustly and unfairly itnuuted to b ' -m ( Mr . M'Duuall ) the motives which might have actuated the ui ^ n among whom ke was , but he woull not be so uncharitaole or di ^ hone ? t as to iuipoto to the

      Learned liemkinaa tne n-otives which mlluenced the inDb auiODj- whom he »¦ as whea Lo ( Mr . M'D . ) hae ^ wn him borne on the sinnii / tt of the shoulders blVtyro ' ritout porters , who appeared to groan under the weight of thfci- legal bu ^ de-u —( lau ^ hier , } i which tft ^ Learned J a ; &v juinr . c )—mid wtien the Learned Geutlernin v , - . jre a hat u ! a most peculiar shape , his own hmiug beTi t ;?>> : « ierrf'd to come of his laends around h ' jn , under circuin . stMnccs thitt Klight lead one to conMtirr it a fair exchange . If he ( Mr . M'Douall ) liad ju . lg'd it . m the couipany he nad then seen hin m ht- should certainl y tiave supposed he hnd asse : nijle-i "" in a notJUs aad iu :

      iitilluoas munner with other evi .-disposed per . sor . s . " ( A laugh . ) He might , it so mclined , « eu ao-jase the Learned Gentleman ot ' being ji Meiul-t-T of the Whig Government , whose cemduct and practicesh . id been so violently denouiiced , aiid whose uroceediug . s . and language had been a subject of general ' ¦ xecration . He might ren-imi tho Learned Geiitleiiuiii that he had thought pro ;; er to enter Dudley by torchlight , and had advocated etid deiende i tho r iots ttiat tosk place there , maintaining the ri ^ ht ot tiif * people to ns- ^ torches ; and such ' * as the conneAi m ia the minds of AttoiceyGeoeralj ) between raetMiugs ol the peopje aud caches that in his opening adores * to-dny—¦ Mr . Hill—For God ' * « tke say srllch Attoruey-Geneial you mee . u . ( A i . 'u »; h . )

      • > lr . Ai'DouALi . — Such wore thy usU'in of torch-15 ghts that Hutrfd th ~ ougL ! ii ^ tu iuJ thitt , until he ! : ^ J examined his biiei , ho could nut divest li mr-ii ol tho : idea that ths meeting wb-ch he . ( Mr . ArLK-uaP ) attanded was 8 . torcbi- ! i |^ it jufief'iik , ' . He wou ' . d take the liberty of readmg tor tlem a passago trom the speech ot Mr ., now Sir John , Campbell , in cetendirjg Mr . Samuel Cook , in 1 H _ ' 7 . He t . en read—^ 'Gentlemsn , Englishmen lu . ve a lig-t to ezit . rtaiu and express their strong nxil decisive opinions with . re « pecc toajl public officers . " Sacti waaihe ouitnion of Her Majesty's Attorney-General , and it' he ( Mr . M'Douall ; called the Wings * " a b ^ se , bloody , auJ orutal" set , ke was orly doing it on his high authority , lor which he im ^ hc have b « eu tauxht to

      ontercam respJct . Thereiore , it' he had made u . «' , > o ! s ' roiig language in denuunciug tho conduct of \> J < - lic men—il he-, as ns in'lixiduaJ , ign Jrant of th ^ mx had expressed " strong a ; id decisive opinions" ok the conduct of members ol' tko present tioveriiment ) he was tnly doiag sb on thu amhojity of Sir John Campbell , tbe Attorney-General . That was " a right , " according to him , " which they had inherited from their ancestors , bought , amongst other things , at the price of their bload , and he hoped they would preserve it pure , aud LMnsnnt it to posterity u :-i broken . " Hi * op'nioca had been ulso fortified b y anotaer authority , lugher , if possible , than the Attorudy-Generai—iiv nit-ant Lord Jobu Russell , who ia a speech in October liidt , said —> ' Some , perhaps , might think that thuso meetings (« lludiag to tne Chartwts ) should be put dovrn ; bat such was not h :. * opinion , r . or thiit of th « Government with

      w ^ ipU ,-he KCied , he thought ihe people had a light to . free discussion—it " was free discus . siou that elicited trat a . " lie ( ~ jlr . M'D . ) agreed with his Lordship in tiiatpositioti . ki if the p . * opla had gi > vaaces they had a right i . j decide tuera , but it they hud na grievances comrxiou sense would speodiiy como to tu © rvocui ' j uud put au end to tkem . " L-. ird John Jluiisall did not suite that if these grievaaces did exi *! , and that , consequently , commoa sense did not put thf ; n down , that ho woald have recourse t » violent iuaucnros , that he would proofed by iadictin .-nt ^ , and proserutiOiis , aud iiaprisuuments , to put > Jo » n tfcwi ) segy . l and ccnvtitaii ^ ial meetings of the people . In another speech , tha Noble L ' . 'rd had obserted , that "it was the nitun ? of tho P ' . 'qpb to pii-h obaciicixica almost to a fauit . " It any otter authority vrus necessr ; ry , he thould feel di ^ pjsed to re er to cu * still higher as to the right o ! the people to me _ t , and that authority was the

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      Learned Judge uow upon the Bench . Mr . ( now Biron ) ( inmey , who was counsel on the trial of Daniel James Caton , had staled tbat " the first political truth engraven on tho soul of man was , that all power flj « vd frora the people , &nd as a trait ior their benefit , and when that trost vres abused , resistance was not only a right , but a doty . " He then proceeded to contend that the asserr . bly it Hyde was not a riotou- or tcmoltuous one . lie did not deny haviDg been present at it , but he did deny that it was au illegal meeting , or one calculated to excite terror and a arm ; it was not a torch-light meeting , nor dil it produce any breach of thfr peace . Nov , certainly . Lord Jotin Rv . S 3 eil mast nave a singularl y constituted mind to evince » j much terror and alarm at a small meeting , at uo obscure place , like Hy de , and yet hav « overlooked the great Ksraal Moor meeting of 3 OD , t ) &o

      persons . Why tlid he not instruct the Attorney-General to prosecute Mr . Fielden , who prasided , or Mr . Attwood , who spoke at that meeting ? Why did ho i > ow descend from Olympus to a molehill , and pass . ug over the rich aud the powerful , bring tht ) whole powers of the Government to crash himself , whom the indictment denominated a poor " kbourer , " and his co-defeadant a stili poorer clcgger ? It was said that the meeiiug had Dands of music and banners . Why , had not large bodies of men during the last two days passed by that very Court with mu 3 ic and banners , and had auy one called that a tumolrcons or unliwfril meeting ? And what wer <* th . e inscriptiocs on tka banners at Hyde ? ' Equal Laws" und " Equal

      Ri ghts , " who did not contend for , and " No property qualification "—* a . s it not at present tho law ol' the iani in Scotland ? The evidenc j prayed thxt no alarai was excited by or at » he meeting , and it was onl y said that one pistol was tired ; surely thai was not very alarming , nor cculd it constituted ai act no veiy camiuul as to involve all who aUfndea tbe meeting , and who . ill uot saDctiou its b-k-g fired , in . the cont-equences of criminality Uow weak was tho evidence of seditious language . The witnesses made ao notes . One who » wore to h ^ wonis could not read . They heard u&ly parts o [ senteuces . Thu omisaon or aiter- * tion of a si , it !«

      word might make all tie difference iu the meaning of a sentence , and these men , oti the perfect accuracy of whose testimony tha Jury were called on to R .-sd a vt-rdict of gnilty , could not repeat jn Court immediately after he nad read it the > ub ., c . ^ nc « of u sentence which he read to them , much slower ani more deliberately than the speech made by him , the words used at which they pretendad to n pe-ic . How ntiiurd it wan to imagine that ho ebaol t have aih isi-i a meeting cof . siatiijjf principal ] / ol Vl' / s and gi , , ; is'hi-nitnesscM nad described it , l » arm ; how absurd to mi \ ihit he had aJvt « e « t tUe mating to attack the soldier * witU gin * , pistole " , end pikes , wbun , in the very s . ' . mc br , ivih ilin witnesses baid k » told th <; m five out ol' heven

      of thfi cfliceH of tha army aud n ^ vy wor e in their favour , and that the suldiwrs »« ro Bigninjr petitions i « fanour of the Cnanwts . On suctt c-vidr .-iice as this he put it to thu Jury , who were bound te decu ' e on t ne ovitic / ice , a ; id that & !« nc , tow cuuldthe ; but acquit biui ? lim it was aaii he tuld the people they had a i : j ; ht lo kavo tru . a . eurelv that was not ( cditum * , it was a well known an ;) rec-ignwuil ccnstitutvonalrigbt , nnnctinijed by tJie Bill cf itights , by Sir John Korirsque , by Bltcksione , tudby ahod ; ot uuihurities . The Cunittitution c / f Eaglhtid wan j ^ alutis of ijiy rither iiow . ^ r thin the people being armed . A Httndiug army was unconstitutional and though it in reality existed , it exsJkd onl y from year to yehr , and iho Act ior ini . intr . in . n ;< it mast bj voted annually . He thtn proceeded to co , ; trjid ttiat the ChartUta aad dons nnthitiff that the V > hi |» ' » had mit sot th « m tae example of , and for whi » h ttiey had been tvuiiividcd . He referred to several passage * in the CArouicle arid ihe litres , o ) 1831 , ttetx ' . ract iroiu tte lirst concluding svith the w . jrd . s

      • ' Union—; irui 8—reform , " &ud in tha last \ viih " Drgfiniz anil urisi . " Lord Ji . < hn > Ru-Hell's rrcent letter a ' . s . i provi-d tinright oi tho people tu aim , and the leadinesj ul ih- ; { ivv ,.: uwent towsiiit in arming tl-c-ui for party purrr ^^ tf . ' . Viiat ian-(( ua ^ e had beeu ua ^ At , vv . y Chartist halt s > vi ... ciii i . r h ; 11 » o . si : didi < ms as th'At whic ' i had been over and ovrr a / vj . i , use j 1 ); the gru ^ t ani onprosecuti'd ally o ! 0 ¦ VL-iiuufiit , Air . O'CnnnoH ? Didth ? Jury fjrzet the Reform annau . < a—tiie gro ; vniii }; s at tiieQueejj— tbn » llu « iorjn tn : h-. / uiv ol Cu ^ rlet : 1 . —the banners wi . h juintin ^ i of lUo Qu > v m wi-aring t \ i « bri'i ' ciies , und the blac- ; Dig ; ne > .-ting at Kdi'ibu'fi , when : banners i ; f Crape were displayed with deaths Ucija i-ndcro ^ s bonus puinud en them ? and all this wts luv . tgMe . J , » ,, nctiom .-d , and approvel by this wry 0 > iv >; rnm' : iii wliieh n-. :: ¦ sent duv \ n ila Altornej-Weiu-ral to prcucontv him Uwnlv issartin ^ f th .: apciont n » d te cofiniH ' . 'di c « , n « titntu ual riijtilsol ttlo pe'iptii . >!}• LijJ . and Gont ! i-tufn of the j tiry , roininu-ii AJr . M'OO'j'i )] , when 1 cou-. id » -r tin position ot > tm codnirj .

      at ttifc |! rci >! ' : it moment— # km 1 weigh in my urn / hind th probablo rcrmination of the present agitation-TiiKn 1 look at the hjk ' chts anil proceeding * ot tlie gr > 'at body ol thu pcopla in a ^ . : i * l and nMional p-nn ; of vie > v , there ii much m ; iiy opinion to be fearod uml uu . h to bd Jaopi-d tr'na ili-i [ . rugr . > . < oi political opinunai the present moson * . Th : uuoj ; c ^ rrenia wtiich have b ' er . II >» ing Heem to h ^ ve , lor some tune past , b' > n Mfj-r'atiug tce : unelvea ami ruuniiis ^ cjon ; er t'i the upp > T rurrcn . » on sccial and political m «' . tsr . < , Lut t '; i « ^ n- » t vnmi ^ eM wij ' uh » :. da . ly t « kin ^ f p lart * in ¦ w > ci , i ! ; i . i . ; commerti il rel . iliniK , v-l . \ gjn-pilil y mert' t ( ic . Hi > ( w o t . u t or- ' ciiiutt :- riKtreai .- ., « no-. u' lurcu will be irr-M ^ n ^ Ie . It \ j > - ui-en ina'ier fl t . bse vaU > in nidi mo thvt tUis will to lr > U ( : at r . '' iu ; : t mainly in cons , quince til thu v ; vst iuivri . vrinru ' . a wl . ieli ar . taking plaiv in nil clas > . ' « ot Ui . ciet . i , a ' . lhm ^ r one would btipjiOMj thutai tin ! preteut moment , when : & n't otLer things wk : in- uiivrt . it ing , n a fjri-at poplv , lhc s p . n ^¦*' . rrit > a < i : iri-s arenaurt ^ l \ u c < . ft » ppre > H ami rrRW . the ¦ x rimuii of i > i'itic ; ii

      privilcfCtfii < A t «» o people . If 1 rright allude , for in ^ : iiure , to me tx ; en , « iou ot railwavD , wtucli , uUh Ui , h Uvji ; a ! . lt- } V . r | iruuis > tiuR ihe coaim'rcial iiittTcourite and iU > ' diffustion ol k low led ( .-e » nd ii . formation among th- > jieojil *; , m » r Ii nridi ! to nfl ird latiiiti" * to u tiraiiiic ' ul ( jovernment , wbirh , Uod lurbiJ , tre h ); ould nee i >« ti . i . ! : jih :-il in this ronit . y , or » tv .-snt monarch , » h'rh 1 tiu- > in >< shn'i uuv -r 8-ein ¦ ' . DKlai . 'l , they niiiv be luadu the means . »! ' c .-iuraliziu ^ power ana uc presnicj ; bi . cffjrti . Ior Irep-join 'ii tl > t part of lit' ; | . voj ; e . 'i lieu I lonk * t tUtt v- <> : itiu . » l Kure / . m > . t >«• .. > pr « - *' ni niiiui'ijt it a | i . 'f > ars dark aua ic « vririi < . . .. ; riiilinir ^ li ( i ) u noc uiiii'Mjiut'i tii . tb'Tjc hue . vhat » i . ; rwia th-i a .. in ' , m tr . o Att in ' . 'i-l' . 'nit o !—; i '[ lios }< ti I ue . e Imlh'in / i I r v . i uiia :, ami 'ir . arcny i » nd blood , vot I can s «» e p . pj-roHcliin ^ a train nf dr .--prtisioii i-i ! liirt land wUich ii Cttlcn '* t > 'A t . ) | . -i'el c ' uwn cli . ? lnnJaiut'ntai principles ol t !; e Cuiwti-. ulK ' n , ar . d the U-nr remaining privilegt-rf ot the people , hi the bbv / and arbitrateidean -A centraliz itiua , coyi ^ d fiotn th » deapo : jc Uuveriuam : j

      ' I r ranc , Prnnsia , ana l \ HMW . I m D tlu upproncbaf t ! i : tt t > rnBny ) " > the inconiprehensible athorrenc ; c-f thi c . iddle (•! R- < seii to extend any yjulilical i ' tlaoKce to the pnnr .-r ch . sses , nud I see i <» ^ rouinl work l&i . i dowu ia the prosecutioin , i . nprisunm fnts , ynd banishment of all thn-sa who h : ive d ^ red to advocate tho exten . ^ inu of those privileges . Tne efl ' cts ol that Uran » y will mily be leit when it poors mil iod acrt . as this tiunliy—Wiien , I We a vbai tide , it rolls it . - * « ater < r . yer tt . e ac ^ ol the land , niibmerginfr ail our ancient inaii ' . ations , anil when it rippl ^ B on t > ,. « inrrthholiis , and il . ws t . vnr the hearlhit' -neii of tae upper vrvi middL' Clauses , aui wWn ibe power w ' h . c ^ t might have preveutsd its appiouch » Us . \ l uo loiiffer t-xi . ot—taun onl ) will u X ) i felt . Then will they re ^ n t the divisi'us wliirh th-y tlieiuselveJ have cn-isted by tlieir fuis (> » nd aiMiTJ (« iT * between tb . e higher , the midoje , and the working chis * s—then « i n -they regtei the hatred which has bei ^ M engendered by their caramon inscv between tbi : t ' . vo Brtat c ';> -s . 's of the coiumu-. itv in tfciii cooi . trv—uiul th ^ v

      will rejrret it ilu ; more , btM'uf . be lLi >? wiil i > av > -rij ^ rnveu on tlair h . urt'i tUe fact that tUi-y thc-rnrtt-lwi h ^ ve flniiiriruieu t . i ann : hi . Lt- th . ; ju ^ -cr of r hi . fanco to tl .-. t pr ¦ ury .-.,,-. « tyruwiiy ol a ccutral'z . d ( jovfrniiieut , whuu is very l . \ Vi * . i ll . icing all the uimi . nt lights which iheir ance ^ u ^ eiij ^ y ^ d—thty will very much regret it b-.-ciitis- ! they will r .-li . uinb-jr there « t < a neriod when they ruigtit liavo opp .. ^ pi \ lo this t 'irent as it mile I along a barrier over vviiic-i it cuuiJ nevi'r h » . ve p _^ -ed , and when they might huve s ? . i'l to u '• I'll- i Irr td . u xl . alt go and no Cartiier . " . \! y L- ^ rd , ani Geni ! umCH ol the Jury , it appeftrs U ; me that tha i U r ' . s tl-. st l ' . AVU l > v «« rua ^ c to fUpYT « s * ll \ e ftgitiVvVMl ViUicH SiS 8 been excited liiren ^ liout tho land , agitation t ' . iuuded , , t . j .- : i t , ) e ? t pm . cip Vt .-8 und iiukt pl'Ufciitlirtipic motivu . — it ,. j ; p ; . ur < ;^ nit thht in ,- suppre-iion of that agitation will bo ntten-. l .-J wiih r . milts of the greatest magiiilude untl iiiipors .. nee to the liKUTi ! greatin si of the lr . n >! . it appears to nil ! ; 'S if the ancient laws of thecoon' . ry , which Uavc bcKn hi \ l down with

      tcie greatest wisJom and icrraight , and calculated at . ^ d huku upon tho-ie principles which were most lifciiy to render them perpetr . al , so far rs human conliivance c .-u'd eflect it it » eeim t . > me as if these great ptlnci p h .-a nvri- iii . w to bo t ! is rvgarded &n > 4 laid aside , ui :. ' . our coui . iry j . en-ji :. iL-d to sink down into tliat tomb of oblivion to wfuch c . i many nthnr mighty nations before ht : r have been cim ^ m-ii . ^ Jy Lor ^ j nnJ O . jiulemen of the Jury , tho expedience o ! » il a ^ - . s U »« proved lUiu persecution ii the ver ) wo ; et K .. > ap . iii bj nhk ); to attempt to efface : hose principles wliich hav- > been inipri ?« .. ; ed upyji tbe public luind by gr . 'flvaiioee at ! njf : n ha . c \> r . 4 d i > . tulL'riible . It must appear to you , thjt no )> - " 4 c ; titu > B that evarye . tex-. Crti lv »« bee « tble to t'Ui'je the jn ^ icip ' . ei « ni . ! i th :: * | . 'erseculic > n hrs only endeared to the hejr's oi \ wi ¦ ¦ opk-. If you were to Ht : i ; : mon t > ll the ( . ersccuied cpi-i . ' i ol j'jliticalor reiigi . m * agt'aticn , this Court , this cit / coni 1 u > t joutaiii them , and tU « j would stand bafore jou » iL-a : iui \ t . c potunc evidence of tlio gieat truh , tbat tUe ( stabViuo-1

      inent ci" tb . j ^ . rinoi »* lea t ' -ir wfcicli they li / e ^ : > na ' . lie . i had not boen i « th : slighk-xt decree ' alV-.-eti .-d by tu : it [/ jrxocuuon , but that th'y had been Hiill more lir »» Ji iiud securely implanted in the brer its and urft'Ctionu ol tilt ; people . My Lori und ( jentlcriieai , I Mu > u'i ii . it wish to sl " , 1 htva never des ired to see , and I never expect tu Rn <; , any greet principles of freedom gained or esta ' ulifbed in ti ; i > coim' . ry by mtans of tho sword . 1 never hope or wi ^ h io r . ee any g : o- \ politicai or soci . il changes achieved by the use of ' .. is wen :- u , by revolutionary vis . Vijc'e , or civil comaioiNii . If kctihik the evidence of l"story , wx shall find that in :-. 11 sncll cad'h the freedom which 1 so highly priz- » , and which I ho ^ -t to live to seegsiuL-d , h ? ) beenUuuvd down an : l ovctwhelmc-l bnu'iuli » nulitary despotism . Aly Lord asid ( 3 eu ; len : < n , iLu war that has bee . i comenenced new by persecution and im ^ r : *)! ,-meai M a war agnins : principles , and I belt-.- «<< 1 may arid ngaiusi individa . ii 1 ) . You ruay i-upruon the lea , you way persecute ttie men who have taken an active ji ^ rt iu tin .- present asitaii . n , but you never caa leach thosu deep auii

      Witle-Hpreachn / piincipleii wUuti have taken root i : i it » e a ; iud ) or tu » people ot tbii country , and vvhic ! i never tan bs r-achoJ bv thu haudof tha ljr « . nt , or only throuch Oi >; fiuthf llbtJC and bagty exprf £ » t : 4 na of time , or thi > i . i judged actions of otliera U tkesn prnciplca be true , they musi ixist , if they be well grounded , they must flonriah , if they are worthy of being perpetuated , they will bo handed down to tbe lacest posterity—fur , like trulh , they are in them .-f ; lvr >* eternal . Aly Lor *) , it w of little importance to tae w . Vthi r I be iuipns « neQ , or banished , or condemned to the scaS ' -jid—on the principles in which 1 have eoainienc . 'd I inland ta end niy career . These priiieiples 1 revere and respect , and by tkese I am determined to » tand or tall ; but , my LorJ , you cannot condemn me on vain pretext of this most miserable indictment : ii yoa condemn me at ait , and if in jour judgment } ouco » ctiv .. 'itrij < ht to Iiud mn guilfy , then )< ju must condemn rae i ' jr the . cause which I have endeavour < d hy « oy humble means to establish and proruote—acanse which has betF . foantied on the principles ol ju-tice nixiatof necrssity pnstn-r : ; in tlm country—a causa whici > canaot be reachi d dv

      persecution , or ivhich if reached by it will only invigorate tae seecio that are sown . 'iik ? the thunder-storms that cleara tho polluted attaosnhere . My Lord , and G . 'iH ' . eruen of the Jury , w ' -ule 1 tl ' . ink you for tl \ a uttenti ; . n \ ou have bestowed in me , I bea to « ay that I retire ch » eiin ! Iy within tha gatea uf a i-rison ; I re ' . ire there V . nowing thai 1 ain proascuted nwi imprisoned because 1 have dar . ^ d to i . ivocate the righlB i » i the po irmts , mil becauso I have prcsu ; ued to assort , anl mil now prepare . il to demtind , the execution ef thcHC ! ri ^ ' LU to tV . e working c . asa . 'S of tlaa country wliic ' d ( heir i . i-. fotheia P"ssessed . I retir / , therefore , in tlio hope cud c » nfl : ioiuiies > taat the temporary imprisonment will » t length i ! r& \ v ton close , aud ^ at r . t ssroi ? period 1 must te liberated ; uul bring young in year-i , I am l .-iglia thu expectation tbat I htall ut 'ive to Boe tnose jriticiiilei carried into execution in thii country—that L Bbali yet livo to tea them pori . 'Cted in this land , and piisce , and Btcurily , und comfort , crjuyed by all ics popple . Thivt shsrt space o ; iieman eiH ' . i !; ti ) iua * t sjop , so tXr B . i we i , re concerned , draw to a ck » e . I lu period will toon ar ? iv « « b .-i : e \\ thisj no-. v arounl m ? will t ¦ ¦ numberc-d . vita ihu- tl . ing ) U . ut » VCr <' , RiiU theu Will conns tiu time whea

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      all ol us wiil have to appear before a tribunal higher than tha ' preeeni . W'boc that £ hj -trriv ^ s . an . "! when our hearts ate vxfircineJ , our motives eij ' ted i :. to , ur . i all our aopea , and priscip ! "s , an ! j . r .. ypecU u ' it seen , aui kanr .-u and understood , it -. vi ! tusn be sei . 'ii , aui known , acd OJlderstood who haa bean ri ^ h ; auJ who h ?^ bacnwror . g . The Attorney-Gekf-k . il ( Hu ») having replied , His Lokpship BCKirricd up ; uqu The Ji ; ry , after a nsitirjte ' s delibftralion , pronounced a verdict of GUILTY against both prisonere . , Hid Lokdship , the foliowjjijj day , geatenced Peter M . -M'Douull to bo impriicnci Ki Ueen Calendar Months ^ and John Uradley to EtgUt Months ; and , at the expiration of thar fimV . to find sr . incisn !; tuteties—th ^ nnelvea ia £ 5 U 0 . s . r-X c ^ - j o ; herB iu £ 100 , to teep thj tiencj for five Tears .

      On Saturday , Isaac Johu > 'ou , ' . v ' m . Ecclea , James W&ger Leah , ' ai : ei Richard I'illiji ^ , rrerv indicted tor illegally a * senibl : n > r , aud sec ) ti' ; n , at Stockport , on the 25 * h July . They t-avers-sd r . ntil the next Assizes , and wfro admitted Id b / sii resprcively , themselves in £ 500 , aud three itQri - -: iod cf tuj each . fieorgo vVarehsin , I ^ c Arm \ t&g ? , s-u ., Isaac AnnhnKe , jnn ., Jatna Burfon , Tho ; n ; i * 1-ia . ^ ricfc , Johu P . iGidbent , p . ud John U ' ri ^ ut , w-r « indicted ior conspiracy , at Stockport . Tiie . ^ o dei . adantrf al « 3 traversed , aud were admitted u > bmi oa tiie .-auio terms as the last-inention .-d d-fen-iantrt . James Duke , of Asliton , sud Jo . Tl T / . vsev , of MaactifHter , vrer ^ ako allowed t <; tr ^ vrrsei on Himildr t : * rrns , till the nwtt As-sizes . : ; n a charge of conspiracy . Eremns Armitage . the boy , was liberated , no bill havii , g be . ? a found agains " him . This closed the criiikLnal business of th >) Assizes .

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      August 17 , 1939 . ' THE NORTHERN STAR . 5 ^ ^^ ° ^^^^^^^^^^^ iii ii ^^^^ ga ¦ " ' "' " ^ W BC . < -JILU » ^ . ^ -J— . ¦ . . ... qa ^ IJt-MMLU . ¦ I ' M ** ' ^^ MajBl ^ BaB gKagTlTlpMIMiMB ^ aiWtaj ^ lUJJ ^ f l ^* J ^^ j ll « lLWj ^ J / l

      Ww4^V ^W ^&Gt;X^ ¦; ¦" ¦ ¦ ¦ • ' &Lt;:-- ¦-« Ir;V*; - U ¦ '¦!- ¦ ¦&Gt; ¦ ¦ •!- ';; »Is - - -Y " ¦ •; -- --V.,;,: !? ^ &Gt;Mt : ^^M L Y-^R ¦ ": _'\-%&$ ^M^&Mb-^^^ }^ S ^ Mfy^It M I? "&^ /^^ H%@&M#%Mv ^^V^W: ^S ^M^M-^-I' • ¦' ¦ ^* ^&Lt;C^ .-•• ^ R T¦ !; ^M$ &Mm0 I#R. ; Ii? ,-M ¦ -. ^ I &^W&Gt;^^T Tm?^ ^M ¦ -¦:¦'¦ J?Gfc J &Lt;»^Iix^I ^^^ -'I?---^S^I? R _ P'R 2 .' ^Z'Ll^Lj *' L '^~$&Gt;1 Took At Tke Contrast '. ¦

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  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 17, 1839, page 5, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct841/page/5/