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Northern Star (1837-1852), 17th August 1839, Edition 5 of 5, Page 2, SCOTTISH C ONVENTION OF DELEGATES.

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    • SCOTTISH C ONVENTION OF DELEGATES.
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      He ztigixt also inform them tint exclusive dealing vu about to be patinto active operation —« ome w « re already engaged in organizing tsemveWes into rodeties to carry it intc ttffect . The Radicals of MumU borgh bad done the tarns . He could assure the meeting that in Edinburgh there was n » division among the Radicals . There were a few who talked of moral foroe , and moral foroe alone , bat tke great mast were decidedly opposed to agitating the question or talking of it at all ; but , if smote on the one cheek , they would not tarn np the other also . ( Chters . ) They also expressed a hope that the attention of the delegates would be mostly directed to coneectJDg an sffioient plan of er » n zation . The

      cau « with them wa » progressing rapidly . In the coarse of a month , they expected to have their association in a n » it efficient state of organization . Since the outrages in Birmingham , they had had large accession * to their number *—their meetings « nce then had be « n crowded . ( Hear , hear . ) The Saturday after the news of police and magistrate * baring broke the peace in Birmingham , tney had enrolled 150 members of the association . They saw that it was only by putting themselves into a thorough state of organisation , that they eould resist any illegal acts of aggression that might be made against them . ( Cbe > era . ) That was a correct acoonnt of the stats Edinburgh wai in .

      In reply to a question by a Delegate , as to whether it was legal to organise into tens or twenties , for the purpose of canvassing the middle classes , Mr . O ' Connor said they might organic themselves int « fives , tex * , twenties , or fifties , if they choose to carry on such a canvas * , provided they made use of no threats » r intimidation . They had no oocasion to u *» threats , nor did he believe they woold use then . He beld that every man wko

      might put himself in danger rather hurt the eau . « o than otherwise . ( Hear , hear . ) It was also quite legal to publish the names of those who were favourable to their oau . , but sot the name * of those who were against them , because it was considered by th « law as conspiracy against tke iidivida&ls . They were at liberty to pnbli » b tbe names © f those who were favourable—this was conspiring in their favour , and it would answer the purpose equally well . ( Laughter and cheers . )

      Mr . Andrew Millab , Elderslie , said , theirs was a small village , but it appeared to him lhat the spirit of liberty was hereditary there . It was the ancient birth-place of Sir "William Wallace . ( Hear , hear , and cheers . ) Th « y were pretty generally determined to carry out the ulterior measuiesof the Convention , and they had done something in that way aheady . In a short time they would be able to hold a Sacred Month , or a Sacred Six Months . ( Cheers . ) Mr . John Marshall , Greenock—It was a long time before they bad commenced the agitation , asd wben they h&d oommn > - ? "d it , they bad met with much opposition frem Whigs and Tories , and

      • ham-Radicals . But they were rapidly progressing to a state of good organization , until which time they did not expect a great deal conld be done . Mr . James Lj . ni > sat , Galaton—Theirs was a small village . Tke population was only 2 , 000 ; out of which 700 had signed tbe National Petition . They were all generally prepared to adopt any ulterior measurts which that meeting might recommend . They were agreed as to total abstinence , and a general system of organiiation . And they heartily agreed to the proposal to have missionaries sent through the country to effect a thorough organization of the people . At all events , they were determined to have Universal Suffrage .

      Mr . Abthur Kobebtson , Hamilton , said they were in & very flourishing condition . They were pretty well orgaaised ; they could get up a meeting at a few hours' notice . There were a number of villages around Hamilton with which they he ! d connexion , icd the most of them were doing well . Very few of them were " up toOBriea ' s mark , " however . He was instructed to say that they were in favour of none but moral means being used to promote the can . se . They were for going on legally , constitutionally , but firmly and determinrtily . Thev

      had agreed to the plan of sending lecturers throughout the ce « ntry , X » agitate and organise the people . A great majority of the male population of Hamilton were in favour of the Chartist agitation . They had applied to the phopocracy , and a va « t majority of them were in favour of the movement . The Nation a ! Petition had received 2 , 000 signatures there , and fo far had they oarried the » ystem of exclusive dealing with the clergy , that ther had already set up on their own account . ( Laughter and cheen . ) And they were making great progress in that plan too .

      Mr . Robert Blair , Irvine . —There were 200 members joined with the Working Men ' s Asiociation there . The National Petition had got 1 , 300 signatures in Irvine . They were , resolved , however , to sign no more petuiocs to the House of Commons , but recommended tbat an efficient system of agitation be immediately put into practice , so as to organise the whole of Scotland effectually . Mr . Jambs Black , Juniper Green . —After the affair ia Birmingham , a great manv had joined their

      runts ; indeed , that affair had given a g eat impetus to the cau . » e everywhere . They approred of no other than moral means being had recourse to for obtaining Universal Suffrage . They thought that moral means wfre all that they had in their power at present , and it wan foolish to speak of other means . ( Hear , hear . ) Tkey had commenced to organise - £ he county , f ? r which purpose they had already engaged a lecturer . They were directly opposed to all violent language , or violent proceedings .

      Mr . Alex . M'Lachlan , Johnston . —Charti . ts not numerous there . Being a manufacturing diitrict . a . great many of tbe worker * were afraid to express their sentiment * openly . Some divigion about moral aBd physic *! force . He had been sent to hear what conclusions the meeting came to They would abide by the decision of the delegates . They had agreed te address the Queea on behalf of the three men condemned to death for the Birmingham affair . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . John Howie , Kilmameck . — Tbeir

      association had existed Bomt time . They were sfraid that some division would tafce place among th > m at the time their delegate , Mr . Craig , came home ; but the proceeding * at Birmingham had thoroughly united them all . Ttey approved of having recoarse to extensive agitation , that a good system of organization should bs entered into . And they suggested that the plan of missionaries going throughout the country , should be taken into consideration , and considered that the meeting had nothing to do with the discussion of tae qnep'ion of moral and physical force .

      Mr . David Irving , Kilournie — Tney had had ati association existing since the year 1832 . The late flagrant outrage of the police and magistrates of Birmingham had united all parties , and been of much service to the cause . . They bad full confidence in tbe Conveation , and were determined to support them in everj e » B « titntioaal measure . They had also agreed to the ulterior measure relating to exciseabie articles of luxury . They were of opinion that violent language had already hurt their cau ? e , and they were opposed to it .

      Mr . Alexander Maxwbll , Kilbnrehan , said their population wa » 2 , 200 or 2 , 409 . There were 233 members connected with their Association . There were 119 in the village friendly , but would not join . "Whig ? , 36 . Tories , 30 . Indifferent and carele ?* , who did not give twopence for tbe movement , 115 . ( Laughter . ) They were wiilisj to go along with the majority of the delegates . Mr . Alexander Andsbson , Linlithgow—The place very small . Only 50 or 60 members connected with their Association . Tney were datermined not to petition the House of Common * again . Thocght that lecturers should be sent throughout tbe country to progress the agitation . The country just required to be stirred up , and they would speedily have their rights—those rights which the Creator had given to man . "God and our rights , " was the motto ef the men of Linlithgow .

      Mr . Jahxs Cowan , Lennoxtown—Village small . Those who had joined were determined to have Universal Suffrage , and they would do every thing in their power to bring the thing to a crisis . Mr . A 3 THUB . O'Nbil , Maryhill —They were in a disorganised Btate , and wiuhed to be put into a proper state along with the rest of Scotland-Mr . Thomas Cameron , Newmilns— Population 2 , 500 . Chartists nnmbered upwards of 500 . They had carried on a very active system of agitation since the commencement of the present movement . Looked forward to this meeting with great anxiety .

      Mr . Jas . Crawford , Old Cumnock . —The National Petition had received -400 signatures in Old Cumnoci . They would never petition the Hou ? e of Commons again . VTere ready to act np to any plan of organization agreed to bj the Delegates . There were 40 determimd men in tie village ready to go any length to obtain Universal Suffrage . They were ' up to the work . " . Mr . Alfx Gillies , Rurhersten . —Place very ana !! . A it'i of Toryi-m . A ^ umtx-r cf : le : crmint . R :-.. ik .-.-. U there , ' iw . trxer . Hi- w-i- ^ rfcei n-ti : o ^ o : e k > .--- " catcver wouli fartLvr iP . v cau . •

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      Hia constituents would go any length to obtain their rights . Mr . Francis , Renfrew . —Theirs wai the most rotten Tory borough in Scotland . The number of tbe Radicals not great . They were all determined to free tbemaelvee from the state of degradation tfcey were now placed in . He was authorised to support any p lan he thought most likely to promote the gruat cause © f Universal Suffrage . The members of the Association were determined , by every means in their power , to werk ont their political salvation . Deptnd vpon what emanated from this meeting .

      Mr . Wm . Barry , Strathaven . —Their Association had nowexired two- years . They would go every length within the bounds of moral means , to obtain their rights . Since the late disturbances iD Birmingham , they had gained a great accession to their numbers . They would adopt all the ulterior measures of tbe National Convention , except the Sacred Month . Were not inclined to petition again . Mr . Hamilton , Stonebouse . —They had commenced the agitation under the name of Reform Association , but had remodelled it into a Universal Suffrage Association . They would use every moral means in their power to make the suffrage

      universal . Very few of them held the doctrine of physical force but note of them would be inclined , it smote on tbe one cheek , to turn up the other also . ( Laughter and cheer * . ) They had gone on very cordially in the movement , A public meeting had been held , and all the ulterior measures , except the proposition of the Sacred Month , agreed to . Unless all Sootland , England , and Wales were unanimous on that point , he did not think they would agree to it . Considerable d : ff-.-rence as to the system of exclusive dealing ; numbers thought it wan a system of persecution ; tb « majoiity , however , bad agreed to it . "With regard to tbe arming—it was to keep the peace that they agreed to arm . And they had

      resolved to petition Lord John Russell , as he seemed to have plenty of arms and ammunitios f « r those who were willing to protect their lives and properties . ( Much laughter . ) Tney found tbe clergy their mogl decided opponent * , and they were now going to try to make their own souls comfortable , a * well as th « ir boiie « , without the aid of these men . ( Hear , hear . ) A good deal of excitement had taken place there about the arrests atd prosecutions of the leaders in England . They recommend this meeting to agree to get up petitions in thousands , and keep

      the table of the House of Commons groaning with them for several months , so that , by importunity , they might weary and harass the present House of Commons out , and literally compel them to grant the People ' s Charter . ( Hear , hear . ) They also wished a good system of organisation set on foot , and qualified lecturers to agitate the country . They thought the question ot moral and physical force should never be discussed . Physical force would bring itself out . But , it all their moral means were put in force , physical force should never be required . ( Cries of "Question . " )

      The delegate from Newmilns said he had forgot to tell the meeting that , in Newmilns , both their magistrates were Chartist * . ( Applaose . ) And they had tworn in all the CharUs'u , the other day , as special csn * tab ! e . « . ( Laughter . ) Air . Robert Ranklinb , Tbornliebank—A small manufacturing village ; Not three months since tbe Radical Association had been established there . Had now 80 member * . They approved of the proposition to ? end lecturers throughout the country , to disseminate the principles of the People ' s Charter . They approved of petitioning the House of Commons again . Tha ulterior measure relating to exc ' wable articles wati the only one they had resolved to carry out . They suggested the propriety of getting up cheap tracts , to disseminate useful political knowledge among the working classes in the same way as religious societies .

      Mr . Jordan CHAD-wicK , TiUicoultry—Upwards of 1000 inhabitants , 600 of whom had signed tbe National Petition . 300 had joined their association . Some idea of the feeUDg there might be formed from the fact , ; hat fifty Radical newspapers came weekly to the village . They had given £ 6 to the National Defence Fund , and £ 5 lately to Dr . Taylor , aa a mark of estreni , and they had algo contributed a 8 um fjr Mr . Stepbens ' s Defence Fund . The ulter . or meapurts had been carried out to a considerable

      extent there . They would not agree to the prop&aition for a SacreJ Month , however , until satisfied that a majority of those who signtd the Nalional Petition would do so likewise . There wan a happy mixture of moral and physical force men among them , and if every village in Scotland waa as far up to tbe mark , Universal Suffrage would speedily be the law of the l . ind . ( Cheers . ) If smote on ibe one tbetk , they W 9 uld not turn up the other aUo .

      Mr . James Cameron , \ ale of Leven—The Radicals of this quarter thought tbe recommendation for a Sicred Month rather premature , and it would have been better to have waited till the country was completely organized . Approved of the plun uf sending missionaries through the country . Exclusive dealing had been acted upon ior the la * : three weeks . Tney were 500 stroDg . They were of opinion that if the ulterior measures already recommended were acted up to , they would be quite sufficient to obtain Universal Suffrage .

      Mr . James Sirachan , Aberdeen . —Hebelieved tbeins was the third city in ScolUnd . PopuJation 63 , 000 . The Chartists numbered 1 , 800 there , but there were tbrte times that number of Radicals not joined with their Association . The account of the proceedings of the police and Magistrates of Birmingham had raised a new spirit there . Their number ? since that time bad increased rive to on ? , and their financial affairs vrtre in tne same pro .-perous state . At a great public meeting there , 10 ' , 000 bad held up

      their hands for carrying ihe People ' s Charter into law . They were determined not to petition again , but , if poft-ible , by some other plan tojcarry the principles of the Char ' er . He yts instructed to support any measure that , would strengthen « he cause . For the batter organisation of Aberdeen , they had adopTed the same plan as Edinburgh—formed the trades into Universal Suffrage Societies , and it was working well . Shou'd any plan be propoged for a separate Conven ion , would not countenance it in any way whatever . Belie- ^ ed that the Scottish Patriot

      newspaper would be well fuppo : ted by the Radicals of Aberdeen . Disapproved of discussing the question of moral and physical force , believing that there was little difference between them , and it could be of no service to the cause to talk about them . Mr . Robert Cueeie , Bridgeton—The cause rapidly progressing there . More since th » Birmingham affair . Thought tbe word " force" should never have been applied to that movement at all . There were three hundred members in their Assoc ation , a » d were as far '' up to the mark" aa any other diitrict in Scotland . Had isent considerable gums for National R&ut , arid had contributed to other fnndf to promote the cause . Would agree to any efficient j > lau for the onjaninatioa of the country .

      Mr . Samuel Millar , Paisley—Association established in the month of May , 1838 . Paisley wa . « not surpa « sed for her number of genuine Radicals by any town in Scotland of the same size . Mr . Millar entered in » o a detail of'the circumstances connected with the d « pute between tke Rev . Mr . Brewster and tbe Paisley Chartists . They were of opinioD that Mr . Brevrster had doBe much harm to the cau ^ e . The Birmingham affair had baen of much service there . They bad greatly increased in numbers since them ; bad adopted the whole of the ulterior measures of the Convention . ( Hear , hear . ) There bad been a run ou the Savings' Banks ; one friendly society had lifted £ 200 , another £ 700 , and anstfcer £ 50 ; a great number of the people of Paialey ha J . resolved to exercise ' the right of arming themselves ; a society exited

      which was collecting money ; they did not say for what purpose they meant to devote that money , but it was for an article that cost 15 j . 6 d . ( Laughter . ) If tney were illegally interfered wi \ h in the exercising their constitutional rights , ( hey were prepared to resist force by force . They had a most effective system of exeluoing dealing with the shopkeepers put in force , which mainly depended upon ihe women . He alluded to the arbitrary conduct of the authorities in the case of the pergon who had put one of the placards issued by the Convention in his window , and to the late affair of a few boys burning an effigy before the door of an unpopular shopkeeper , which bad been , magnified into a Chartist outrage . They had taken me abb , however , to do away that impression by issuing a proclainatioa from the Council of the Political Union .

      Mr . J . Crichton , Tollcross—There were 150 Chartists there . The imprisonment of Messrs . Lovett , Collins , and Vincent had put new life into them . They recommended that subscriptions should be got np for the families of these men . They had ma . dt : a run upon tbe Savings' Backs . One friendly society had taken out £ 100 . Mr . J . Stewart , Alloa—Radicalism at a considerable discount here . Attached blame to the want of agitation . 150 members in their Association . They would use every constitutional measuie to makf th ? Charter the ! aw of the land . Mr . Donald Donald , Airdrie . —The agitation ^ fli-CiT i- 'E wjlhi / rea - . ^ nirit . JrV > . ^ oci ^ t : on Humbert . u vn 1 "

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      Mr . Datid Allan , Calton . —Had generally acted along with tke Glasgow Association . Organization was going on rapidly . The transactions in Birmingham had been of great Bervice to the cause there . Mr . Wm . Thomson , Parkhead , —Had done every thing by public meetings . The organization was going on very well . Mr . Robt . Aislop , Andersten . — "Were not agreed upon the whole of the ulterior measures , but determined to use every legal means to obtain Universal Suffrage . Bathgate . —Will follow out Total Abstinence and Exclusive Dealing . Not prepared for a Sacred Month . Quite hostile to petitioning any more .

      Mr . Wjlter , Currie , Gorbah . —There was nat a more determined body of men in any part pf Sootland . All their proceedings were like det-p water , smooth but rapid . Thought that a great deal more might be doce by a good system of organization . Would recommend tbe Delegate *) to devise tome cheap and efficient mode of sending sound political information through the country , which was mueh wanted . Would approve of any feasible plan which would compel the Government , through their fears or Otherwise , to concede Universal Suffrage . Thought that & cheap edition of the Charter ought to be printed and widely circulated . They would also suggest that some plan be formed to get the Trades' as trades regularly organized .

      Mr . Cassellb , Partick . —At the commencement of the agitation , they had for their object Household Suffrage , but they were now for Universal Suffrage . They had 150 members on tbe roll of their association . Exclusive dealing had been gone iato with considerable effect They had can valued the Shopocracy , asd found a great many favourable to tbe cause . They had tried the clergy , but were told that they would have to work out their own political salvation . They hadwesolved to do no , and at the same time they would attend to their spiritual salvation themselves . There was a . deep feeling in Partiok for Messrs * . Lovett , Collins , Vincent , and the other patriots vow suffering in the people ' s cause , and they thought that means should be taken to assist their families .

      Mr . John Yuillb , Stirling . —They had an associa'ion in Stirling , and one in St . Niuians . The principles of the Charter prevailed then * to a considerable extent . They had got much opposition from tbe middle clais men . They were of opinion that the movement for the Suffrage should be conducted upon the principl e * of peace , law , and order . ( Hear , hear . ) Exclusive dealing had been gone into , and they were fully convinced of the necessity for a better system of organization . A pproved of employing lecturers .

      Mr . Andrew M'Kbhzib , Alva . —Their association wag 250 strong . When Dr . Taylor was arrested they had called upon the shopocrata , and in the space of two hours collected the sum of £ 10 Could not carry out tbe Sacred Month-could not want their snuff or tobacco , but had done something with the Savings' Banks—had taken out JE 150 in gold . ( Applause . ) The minister of the place had refused them the church for their meetings . When the poor woman who earned her bread by letting it out had remonstrated with him , he bad told her to took to God , and he would support her . ( Hisses . ) The authorities there could get none but Chartists to swear in as special constables . Mr . Charles Baird , Kirkintillooh . —Association formed in March last . Were going on well . Did not approve of the Sacred Month .

      Mr . John Creh , Perth . —Had dene very well , but had been hurt by the Corn Law agitation , the church question , and the local newspapers . Were moral force me a . Mr . Laurence Lawson , Falkirk . —Had been doing well , but were in want of agitation . Mr . Robert Taylor , Auchterarder . —Would be agreeable to act up to tbe recommendations of this meeting of delegates . Had been doing pretty well . Mr . John Sheddon , Beith . —Members in their association three hundred . Were giving the cause all the aid in their power . Approved of the proposition for miseionariert , ta agitate the country for an efficient system of organisation .

      Mr . John M'Gavennt , Springburn . — Were very ardent in the cause . Did not quarrel about the question of moral and physical force . Had a mixture of both kinds of force men among them . Were quite determined to have the Suffrage , come what might . Mr . WILLIAM CA . TENNA . Y , Bkokquarry . —Since the riots ) in Birmingham the cause had made great progress there . Were determined to support the General Convention by every meant in their power . Thought a good system of organisation should be adopted .

      Mr . Alexander Graham , Strathblane and Balfron . —A good number of Chartists there . Require organisation . Were all weavers in Balfron . Would walk up to the ulterior measures as well as they pogsihly could . They had met with much opposition frem the clergy—those gentry who held out a sign of civil and religious liberty , but would have the people work out their temporal salvation . This they were determined to do j and he could tell these men that they would work out their own spiritual salvation also . ( Laughter and cheers . ;

      Mr . David Crocket , Fife . —He represented twenty-two Associations , in the Eastern Dwrrict of Fife . Chartiam had teen progressing very well since the time Messrs . Collins , Muntz , and the others of the Birmingham deputation had been there . They had already employed a gentleman to agitate the country . Did not thiHk that they were up to " O'Brien's mark , " however . Mr . John Little , Chapelton . — Were determined to do everything in their power to have Universal Suffrage . It was intimated by a delegate , that Houlston was quite willing to go the same length as Paisley .

      Mr . Gillespib , Glasgow . —Believed that Glasgow was organised to a considerable extent . Various plans had been gone into for getting monies and keeping up the agitation . Thought they would keep up the agitation until some favourable accident took place that would bring about Uni verbal Suffrage . Read the resolutions passed at the public meeting at which the Glasgow delegates had been appointed , which were his instruction ? . Mr . William Tabbet , Dalkeith . —His constituents would go along with the decision of the majority of this Convention . Mr . John Lawson , Pennycuick . —Read a series of resolutions as bis instructions . These recommended legal measures , and unity , and concentration of action .

      Mr . John Campbell , Lanark . —His constituents were all determined to obtain the Charter . Association three hundred etrong . Would use only legal sad constitutional means to obtain their object . The Aberdeen delegate , again rose to inform the meeting that they had two female Radical Associations in Aberdeen . Mr . John Stein , Clackmannan . —Same feeling ing here as the Radicals of Alva and Tillicoultry . The whole of the Scottish Delegates having given their evidence , an adjournment was moved and carried .

      The Delegates again met in the erening at seven o ' clock . The Chairman shortly addressed the Delegates , congratulating them upon the way they had conducted their business in the fore part of the day . He was exceedingly gratified with the clear and perspicuous maaner they had givan their Reports of the state of feeling in their several districts . He wag of opinion , from what he had aeatd from them , that there would be no difference relative to tbe question of moral and physical force . ( Hear , bear . ) Every delegate seemed impressed with the idea of having a complete system of organization in practice . He hoped they weuld conduct themselves as before , and not divide into parties , but shew that they were united and really anxious to obtain their ngnts . . . _ ....

      A Delegate moved , that as the Scottish delegates had given in their reports , Mr . Feargus O'Connor , delegate from the Convention , and Mr . Mason , from Newcastle , should be heard , as to the state of public feeling in England . —Agreed to . Mr . Feargus O'Connor then came forward , and was loudly cheered . He said—Mr . Chairman , and delegates from Scotland , before I give yon , what I consider to be , a true report of the present state of public opinion in England—of tbe views , motives , and objects of tbe English Radicals , I cannot refrain from congratulating both countries , on the proceedings ef this day . The manner in which the delegates have given tbeir reports , and the able way yoa

      have rilled that ohair , is equally gratifying to me , and creditable to yourselves . I find no difference among the Scottish delegates as to their ulterior determination to carry Universal Suffrage as speedily as those means which they recommend will allow . The people of England are equally determined with your-(¦ elves to have Universal Suffrage made the law of the land , whatever may be the results . There has necessarily been a little difference of opinion in some districts , as to the means to be adopted , but the people ar * determined to have their right ? , come what may . I am glad to learn that the people are sati .-fi .-d that tbe old Convention has dose as nv t'h :. j acy body similarly . constituted could have done

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      under the same circumstances ; and if we are to have that Convention convened again on the 26 th of this month , irwill be rallied under very different and better circumstances . "When weloak to the circumstance that when that Convention met they bad a Government ready to anticipate their every action , the opposition ef the upper and middle classes—it was wonderful I say that it has done so much good and so little evil . In regard to the ulterior measures recommended by the Convention , I am completely satisfied that the proposition of tbe Sacred Month should never have been recommended at all . I fear that at this time I have eubjected mysslf to a good deal of ill will and opposition for the part I have

      taken in opposing tbat proposition . In what I have done I looked to the safe course , to the prudent course , and from the evidence that I have heard this day , I am satisfied that however much the Delegate ! may differ as to the other means for carrying the Charter , they have uaiversally declared , and they have proved theirposition , that the people « f Scotland are not able to stand ont , even for a tingle day , instead of a month . ( Hear , hear . ) We have formed public ^ pinion , we have organised public opinion ; but we have attempted to direct public opinion , when public opinioa ought rather te have directed us . ( Hear , hear and cheers . ) We had next to consider the question of moral and phyeioal force . My

      views on this subject , have been pretty often expressed , and I am hsppy tor know , that the people of Scotland generally , have adopted those viewsmoral power is the deliberative quality in mea ' s minds , which teaches them how to endure , and when endurance becomes a crime , physical force , if required , will come like an electric shock , and—( here we lost the conclusion of the sentence ia the cheering which ensued . ) But the man who recommends it u a fool . ( Hear , hear hear . ) I have very often found that those men who recommended

      it , were the greatest cowards , and were the first to run off to avoid to a consequences when the hour of danger arrived ; while , on the other hand , the cool , temperate , prudent man . who hai stood by the ship in the hurricane , and whea most danger was to be apprehended . ( Cheers ) As soon as the Birmingham leaders joined us , they made a great noise about muskets , arms , powder , and shot— -what they themselves dealt in—and when the heur of danger came they * Hpt out of the slime , and left the men who have since stuck to the cause to bear the attack of

      tbe enemy—( cheers)—nay , the traitors themselves went over to the enemy , and left the people to wallow in the mire ( Hear , hear , and " true , true . " ) I contend , however , that notwithstanding their desertion—notwithstanding the desertions of other delegates , and the insidious attempts of the Government to crush the Convention , we have stood out nobly , and laughed to seora the attacks of the be siegtrn . When I speak of the errors ef the Conven . tion , and they had errors , I acknowledge , I will b * understood to epeak of my own at the same time . I must say that they ought to be looked on considerately , and they ought to be looked on as a light te warn us from the shores and quicksands

      which may again beset us ia our way . ( Hear , hear . ) There were two great errors committed at the very outaet . We neglected to elect a permanent preaident and a council to prepare the business of the Convention , before it came to be discussed , into which council all motions and suggestions should have been handed in at least ten days before it was intended to bring them before the Convention . This would have saved an immense deal of trouble , and avoided all those dangerous measures whioh were hastily concocted , and ha&tily paaned into law . ( Hear , hsar . ) But let us look to those infirmities with an eye of compassion—let ua endeavour to heal up the cracks that have taken place , and

      new that Scotland i * to be organised , let us endeavour to learn wisdom from their proceedings . If a Convention was obliged to recommend measures which the people were not prepared to carry into effect , does it not prove that there has not been a perfect system of organization ? ( Hear , hear . ) It is one thing to look fer an object , but it is another thing to apply the means . Unless you have yourselves organised , you cannot expect to have the political saltation of this country guaranteed . We only ask for equality of rights and privileges , th £ t equality which we will have when Universal Suffrage i « made the law ef this country —that equality which shall give the same law to the rich as the poor

      —that equality which shall enable tbe people of this country to have the fall benefit of their industry , thtir intelligence , and their good behaviour . ( Cheers . ) We have now petitioned tbe House of Commons until we are tired of petitioning—we have prayed , atd we have beseeched , and flattered , and coaxed them , but nothing will we Ret , nothing can we get from the House of Commons as at present constituted . For my part , I will never put my hand to another petition , and a majority ef the people of England are of the same opiuion . Let the middle class gentry petition , it is now their turn-, and it is their duty and interest to get the working classes the Suffrage . Let those people who have the vote send off a

      petition for those who have none , and by the next post we will hear that Universal Suffrage is mude the law of the land . Mr . O'Connor proceeded for some time in the same strain , and shewed the necessity for having a complete system of organisation get on foot , and also the necessity of co-operating with England , Ireland , and Wales . He then shewed more particularly the state of public feeling ia England . He referred to the late arrests in Birmingham , and other places , and to the sentence of death passed on the three men concerned in tbe late riota at Birmingham , and expressed his determination not te leave a stone unturned to save the lives of

      these unfortunate men . He went over a variety of topics , in his usaal rapid and eloquent way , and concluded by again congratulating the delegates on the proceedings thax had taken plaoe , and on the occasion of their meeting . AJr . Mason , from Newcastle , then addressed the meeting at some length , and gave an account of the state of public feeling in the cuuntiea . of Northumberland , Cumberland , and Durham . We regret that we cannot give hin address , owing to the space which these proceedings have already occupied . It wa * ably delivered , and was listened to with great attention . At the close the cheering was loud and longcoDtinued .

      Mr . Purgeter , delegate from Leitb , and Mr . Johs Milne , from Kirritmuir , were then announced , and gave a very favourable account of the progress of the * cause in both places . Some other business being transacted , the meeting adjourned till Thursday morning .

      Thursday , August 15 . The Convention mat this day at ten o ' clock , Mr . John Duncan waa again appointed to fill the chair . A geod desil of buxinesa was gone th-ough . We find it is out of our power to give anything like a detail of the whole proceedings of this important meeting .

      Friday , August 16 . The Convention met again this morning . Mr . Ross , Treasurer of the Glasgow Universal Suffrage Association in the chair . Mr . Abram Duncan sat in the Convention to-day a 9 Delegate from the Border Towns , Hawick , &c , and likewise for Montrose . Tke Convention broke up this evening , about 8 ix o'clock . There were sixty-eight Delegates attended it . The proceedings were conducted in the most orderly and praiseworthy manner . The whole of the discussions were conducted in a mild and temperate , yet firm and energetic manner , which did great credit to the men composing the Convention ; the results , we are confident , will be of immense service to ihe cause .

      At the close , votes of thanks were given to Mr . O'Connor , Mr . Mason , Delegate from Newcastle Messr * . Ross and Duncan , who had officiated at chairmen during the sitting , and Mr . M'Crae , M . C . for Ayrshire , who severally returned thanks , and the proceedings were closed as they began , with prayer .

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      —^^—¦ GREAT CHARTIST MEETING IN THE BAZAAR , GLASGOW . On Thursday nigfet , a meeting of all those favourable to Universal Suffrage was held in the Bazaar . Long before the hour appointed for commencing business every place where a standing could be procured was filled up , and at eight o ' clock , a great number were out eide who could not gain admittance . The whole of the deleg ; ate 8 to tbe Scottish Delegate Meeting were on the platform , along with the Directors of the Glasgow Radical Association . When Mr . Feargus O'Connor made his appearance , a shout of applause burst fortti perfectly deafening , which continued some time . When the cheering had ' subsided , Mr . Gillespie stepped forward and proposed that Mr . Proudfoot , Presideat of the Glasgow Radical Association , should take the chair .

      Mr . Protjdfoot , on taking the chair , said he felt great pleasure in being called upon to preside on that occasion . He had had some experience in presiding at ordinary meetings , but this was an extraordinary one—it was the largest he had ever seer , held within the walla of any house . He presumed t ' a * t tbey had read tbe bill calling the meeting—it uns of all these who were friendly for obtaining Universal Sdlrat : e , and he had a right to

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      wrome they were sll friendly to that object v . trae-hearted and honourable man was favonr . w * 7 the Pe . ple ' Charter ; and that aan wwnl t ^ * whe denied to the people their rigbUu ^ dH ! in it . It would be nnaeoemiy , he " fi fe thm how to behtve-they knew well ! . Se » JS introduce Mr . G'Qonnor to the meeting / & , ^\ Mr . O'CoNHOtt then cane forward and wu * ceirad with cheering and waving of hats w } £ lasted for several minutea , and after havin « fa to the meeting a moat cheering account of the b new performed by the Scottish Conventioo hesSj that he generally came before them with pleiVmM and gratification , but that now his task was a mournful one ; it was to solicit their co-operation and san . port in an endeavour to save the lives of three oi their fellow creatures . ( Hear hear , ebet r » , and we will ) Ab Scotsmen always proceeded upoa evid » n .-

      ne would lay the unvarnished story before them and then ask where was the Chrijtian or the man , ' » ho would withhold the helping hand , from the prisoner and the eaptive . ( Cheers . ) Three unfortunate mtjt Howell , Jones and Roberta , were under sentence < A death in Warwick Gaol for political ( hear , hear , heij ) offences , which whea committed in 1832 by the pai . tisans of whiggery , were considered ad necesgart preparatory steps towards political reformation ( hear and cheers , ) but which in 1839 are punished by the very men who oreated them . He would simply state their casa— they were committed for a riot—they were undefended by counsel—their witnesses , in eonsequence of the supposition that they would he merely imprisoned , absented themselves . ( Hear , hear ) The Judge , in hia charge to the Grand Jury who found the bills agaicit them , said that they heWed

      to a political party , one of whose principal objects was , t » despoil the present owners of their land and to appropriate it to themselves . ( Shame , shame , and loud disapprobation . ) The Grand Jury was composed of landlord * and tbe Petty Jury consisted of their tenants . ( Sname , shame , and hisses . ) The ? were tried under an © Id act of Parliament wbjeb makes it felony to demolish or to begin to pull down buildings . This act . slumbered until it was left to the Attorney-General to ferret it out for the destruction of Chartism . The Attorney-General hag the privilege of having the last word to the Jury , it i «« .

      privilege however which is seldom used , but in thtt case it wan used although the prisoners were undefended and produced no evidence . ( Diaapprohation and cries of shame . ) Then , under such circumstances what chance remained to the prisoners ? None ! save that resource which waa in the hands of the people themselves . ( Cheers . ) Let them we it , and let their case go throughout the length and breadth of the land—let not a day—an hour—an instant be lost till every man of mind , of feeling , and of soul shall have signed a petition or address for the remission of their punishment and restoration to tbtir families . ( Cheew , and " -We ' will . " ) Upon their part it was no political work . It was an act of charity , of humanity , and of mercy , in which all , from the peer to the peasant , should join . ( Renewed cheers V

      Ana to tne honour of all classes at Birmingham , they were using their best exertions to procure their pardon . ( Cheering ) . And would it be believed that some of the most respectable of the middle classes of that town , were prepared to prove that Robert ! was not within a mile of tbe scene when the occurrence took place ? ( Deep sensation . ) A gain it was a maxim ef morality , but perhaps not of law , that the man who was a liar on Wednesday wag likely to be a liar on Thursday ,. but not so would the ruffian Hall , the policeman , who was the wholesate swearer against the prisoners . This fellow had acquired the necessary qualifications for becoming a policeman ; he was a prize-fighter -a drunkard-a

      gambler . ( Loud laughter and cheers . ) And now observe the fact , upon one day his evidence was sufficient to hang three men , and upon the next his evidence was discredited by the Jury . ( Loud cheers ) On the trial of Bird , who was charged with bran , dishing a bloody sword , and of having boasted thai it had done much execution , Hall swore that it was he who took the sword from Bird , but another policeman , jealous of the undivided glory of Hall , swore that he was the person who took the bwor } from Bird , and Bird was acquitted . ( Loud cheering and laughter . ) Should not then all the pri < onew affected by Hall ' s oath , have been acquitted ? ( "Yea ye * , " and cheer * . ) Then said Mr . O'Connor . tS

      case is before you . W ill you join me in a discreel attempt to save the lives of those three men without damaging teem bT violence or endangering them bj threats P for bear in mmd tbat it you are unaniraeni in your appeal , pardon must follow , while spite and vengeance might be tie result of bravado . ( Entliosiastic cheering , and " "We'll doit" ) As to Lovett , Collins , and Vincent , theirs too would torn . ( Cheers . ) They were the cream of the Convention —the prop of the cause—and the glory of Chartism . ( Loud and long continued cheering . ) Tbeyw ? B virtuous men—they were able men—they were glorious men ; but alas ! there was one black » pot , they were working men , and fought for the canseof

      labour . ( Indescribable cheering . ) That they si all never more want , the nation shall take car * . ( Cheers . ) Mr . O'Connor then concluded his powerful appeal , which waa listened to with tke dtepest anxiety and warmest response , by remindirg tlfc meeting that he was firtt to advocate , and wonld be the last to desert the cause of the cause of th » cotton spinners , and deolaring that before ha left Scotland he would procure one million wgnatures for his clients . ( Loud cheers . ) He had been at a meeting where one hundred thousand men had been collected on Monday , he had amended the Scotch Parliament oa Wednesday and Thursday , he would do so again on Friday , and on the evening of the same day would

      address the working men of Renfrewshire . On Saturday he would address the men of Kilmarnock ; oa Monday time of Perth ; Tuesday , Aberdeen ; Wednesday , Dundee ; Thursday , Edinburgh ; and in ihort before he left Scotland he would make puttie opinion in that country irresistible . ( Loud cheers . ) Mr . O'Conner continued , that having laid the dark side of the picture before them , he would come to the cheering prospects in store for them . England and Scotland he said had never before been united , Ireland had never moved on her own behalf . Tbe Rose , the Shamrock , and the Thistle were never yet bound up together , but the proceeding of thoir Scottish Convention , the fruita of the Irish daWation ,

      upon which Mr . Lowry , an eloquent and powerful popular speaker , had been recently se it , and the better organization ot England would prove an irresistible phalaBX against the whole battery of corruption , ( Great cheering . ) Mr . O'Connor then prceeedai with a powerful defence of every act ef the General Convention sitting in London , in whoge virtues and whosefaul s , whattvtr th-y might be , be wasreadj to , tke his share both priiat-aod of censure . ( Cheers . ; He read a severe lecture to hot-headed fbel * , who * raadnees and folly was calculated to create .-ectiona ' squabb ' es to the destruction of" universal f . fedoni . ( Cheers . ) There W ( re three steps in a great movement . The firs < t was the creation of public opinion .

      the second was its o-ganisation , and the last was it * proper direction , and which direction never shoutc have been . attempted until complete and entire concentration convinced men of judgment that it conk have bfen throws round as a ball , hitting the bsll ' i eye at once , withou : scattering . ( Loud and long continued cheering . ) That they had miscaleulatec Scottish organisation , and had prematurely directed it before it wa ? sufficiently gathered , was evincec by the fact of the representatives from every part o Scotland having declared that the Sacred Monti would damage their cause . ( Cheers ) He woulc now explain why they were not prepared for i Sacred Month . It was because the abnse o :

      machinery had transformed them from a natural u an artificial state of society , by which means the ; were compelled to live from hand to mouth , beinf entirely at tae mercy of their employers . ( Hea and cheers . ) Was it Hot a fact , tbat a combina tion of t * n of the principal manufacturers ° Glasgow could starve the working men cf Gla » go * ( "Aye . " ) Was itnot afact that ten of theprincip * landlords of Ireland could starve her whole popal * tion ? ( Cheers , and " Yes . " ) Did not the gam ' fact apply to every town in England , and was i not then the natural conclusion , that it was tb bounden duty of ; the working classes of the thre kingdoms to combine for the protection of their li * w

      tbeir liberties , and tfceir properties ? ( Greatcheer ing . ) Wby were the laws of olden times bette than those of this reforming era ? It was be cause the children of the soil lived upon the s 0 ' 1 "" 1 was because they could test the value of labour by month ' s or a year ' s holiday , until the rig ht ? tbe : Bought for was granted . ( Loud cheer ? . ) And no * if every man had his plot of ground , his st ° re "r ,,, and the key of his larder , no tyranny «"" JJJ as long as their provisions held out . (*• , , cheering . ) If the pig was hung by ^ the M * ^ the meal and malt were in the corL ' » , ! pntrT freeman ' s cottage would be the freeman ijse ; box , 10 the protection of which the national nre ¦ * rally with greater alacrity than the n > erceB « n fly to the charge of the « Church and the > W <* f change is in danger . " ( Continued cheer *) ^ Universal Suffrage , continued Mr . V l . -, ' •> . { h , your childrea were still to remain ™™«* oB unhealthy rattle-boxes , it would not be » - , | ff farthing to yon- ( cheers ;) -bnt your 8 Har ^ ^ makitfjr wouW ensure for jou a share in tbe ( Concluded i * vurird page . )

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      0 \ THE NORTHERN STAR . August 24 , I 839 ™ _^____»_ ^— »»»^ ^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ M ^ HMMMMWWaMMM ^ MMWMWW ^ BMMpwWM »« MMSiiMWMBWMMWMBBMMM ) MMBMM > MM

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      According to previous arrangement , the great meeting of Delegates , fmm Scotch towns and villages , to consider the fetst aw * l » d ©( organising the Radicals of Scotland , thriwfe « fectttally to promote the cause of Unive « liV $ Srag « , -wa 8 held in the Uni-Tersaibts' ChapitT & * sgo * , on Wednesday foreneon , at twelve o ' clock . About the hour appointed for meeting , the most of thejWegates rtprwenting towns which had previously fhtrnrated -to the

      Radicals of Glasgow their intention of sending delegates , had arrive * , and during the reading of the credentials with which they were furnished , ths other delegates came dropping in .. Mr . Feargus O'Connor , appointed by the Convention to attend , and give an account o ! the present state of publie opinion in England , also made his appearance shertiy after the delegates had assembled , and was cheered enthmiaftically . Tbe narr . es of the delegates being read over , it appeared that there- were fifty-seven delegates present .

      Mr . John Dukcan , delegate from Edinburgh and Mu 8 s ? lburgh , vu taf n appointed to the chair . Mr . Gille « pie , of Glasgow , was also appointed Secretary for the occasion . It was then submitted to the delegates whether strasgers . shonld be admitted to hear the proceedings . Several ef the delegates expressed it as their opinjoa ihat the proceedings could not be too open . It was put to the vote , and unanimously agreed to admit . The doors were then thrown open to the public , and the chapel was immediatelv crowded .

      The Chajril » n said—before commencing the proceedings , be bt » gged to mate one or two ob * erv&-ross on the purport of their present meeting . Never wa » a meeting of greater importance to the people of thU country held on any former occasion ; aad not to Scotland alese was it of importance , it weuld be anxiously looted to by the people of England , Ireland , and Wales . These countries were now in a very excited state , and they looked to the result of the deliberations of this delegate meeting with mncH earnestness . ( Hear , hear . ) Scotland had tafcen a very active part in the movement for Universal Suffrage , in oommon with the people of other parts , ana he was bound to say she had played

      her part very well as yet . ( Great applause . ) He was fully coavinced , and he believed-every other delegate preseDt was of the same opinian ; indeed , their presence was a decided proof that the men of Scotland were taking a warm interest in the cause . He hoped that those gentlemen who addressed the meering would express themselves as clearly , fir aly , and briefly as possible , and that nothing like personalities or invective wjuld be indulges in by any one ; that their deliberations should manifest the firmness of their character , and that thev should

      exhibit thai high moral standing that had aWare characteri » ed the conduct of the men of Scotland And , as they valued the cause itself , he entreated that they would enter into the discussion of the subjec : for which they had net , withoot the smallest particle of party spirit , and conduct tbeir business like men who valued their rights , and were determined to obtain them . ( Applause . ) Before sitting down , ce would remind the pablic of the necessity of rep re iwing all marks of approbation , or in any other way living expression to their feelings .

      On a question being put , as to whether delegates from associations would be liable to asy danger if they took part in the' business of the meeting , Mr . O'Consor said , so long as they considered themselves as delegates from districts , they were perfectly safe . Several delegates explained that they . had been appointed at public meetings , but had got instruction ? from asseriations . Mr . O'Connor said that was al * o perfectly le ^ al , if they were appointed at public meetings . On the mjiion of Mr . L ^ wson , of Peanrcaick , the proceedings were opened by prayer . Mr . 0 \ Nbil , of Mary hill , tkea " delivered a short and imoressive praver .

      THE STATE OP PUBLIC OPINION IN SCOTLAND It wai then agreed that each deleeate should sire & short account of tbe itiln of pubirc feeling , zed the proeres * of the principle * of Universal Suffrage , in th . t ? districts which he represented . Jklr . Wm . SMITH , delegate from Ayr , said , the Radical- ef Ayr were ready to assert their rights , but ihey were not prepared to take them by force . ( Hear , heir . ) Thtre were some choice spirits in Ayr , although their nuinbir was not very great . Tney expected that that delegate meeting would have a oeneficial effrct on the cau * e . They had delegated him to say that they were decidtdh of opicion that there wa « a great want of organisation with them , and if some good plan were adopted , they might speedily attain such a position as wonld ez > a . ble ihem to carrv Universal ScfFrace ia a short

      time , without any recourse to otier than moral meaa * . Mr . Peter Crawford , Delegate from Barrhead , ssdd his constituent * were determined to work out Universal Suffrage , come what might . Although they were not at present in a proper rtate of orgaLisation , so as to carry out some of the ulterior measure * recommended by the Convention , ye : they mere doing very well . As to the propriety of arming , they had left all individuals to de as they thought fit . He arould confer that they were not prepared for the Sicred ^ lonth . Som e were for petidomng again , and others were opposed to it ; but , nevertheless , all vrert determined to have Universal Saffrage made the law ef the land , whatever might be tbe result .

      Mr . Charles Stewart , from Coatbndge , said Coatbridge was a town liable to eo much fluctuation from working people going and coming to the village , owing to the public works , tbat they could scarcely make much progress as b . b associatjon The numbers rbat were joined , bo-svever , were resolute and determined . Bit the Sacred Month ¦ c oflld not do there . A great many bad refrained from exci « ea ' fik articles of luxu" 7 ; nevertheless , they were convinced that a proper system of organisation was essentially neeessarv to the success of the

      cause . Mr . William Yorscsox , from Dundee , said be believed he represented the largest town on the Isort . ii side of the Firth of Forth . The pspulation way 70 , 008 . Radicalism there , he regretted to say vr&M not so strong us they could wish . ' A great manv took what they ealled a moral force view of tne question ; nevertheless , tbe recommendation of the Convention as to tie Sacred "Week had already been followed up there . ! ftey had done very well tridi the National Security Saving Banks 5 indeed , k . 3 trell hid this one of their nherior measures been carried out , that they coald hardly get a pound of mlrer in Dundee . { Hear , hear ) They had adopted

      the Fygiem of eiclnsh-e dealing with theshopocracy , and they expected shortly to realise something by it . He could also inform the -Delegates tbat they had formerly two Associations , and some difference had sprang up among the Radicals about Moral and Physical 1 ' orce , but it bad all been pa : an end to by the two Associations joiniug hand ia hand for Universal Suff-Rge , and . expressing their determination to have it . Before sitting down , he might say for Terfar , that tbe inhabitants of that coaLty were up to Brontene O'Brien ' s mark . ( LauJhter and cheers . ) They would have come out upon the recommendation for the Sacred Moath had they no : received statement * from" the Glasgow AssosUaon which altered their resolution .

      The Delegate from KerreEuir said , a great number were armed , and the organization there was going oa vigorously . The Delegate from Daniennline said they were generally all Chartiste there . At one time there cad been a . division about Moral and Physical Force , bos they were now ail jcined in on ? AssociatioB . Tney considered the Sacred Month to have been one of th = best measures that could have been proposed , if the coontry had been prepared to put it into prac tee . The district * around DuBfermline appeared more enthusiastic in the cause than Dunfermlice itself .

      Mr . J . BarcB , ofEag \ eaham—Toe nnmber of the Chartiits was not jreat there . They had many determined ges ^ nch friends , however , ready to go almost any length to obr&in Universal Suffrage . Eaglesham itself was a nest of Toryism , and there was no -u > e attempting to hold a Sacred Month , or a Sacred Day there . In regard to that proposition , Mr . O'Connor ' s opinion , given in the Northern Star , tallied exactly with iheirs . A great number of them had . agreed to the resolution passed by tbe Gla * iTOW Association , to abstain from all articles of luxury , a ? far as health would permit . They hop « d to do a deal of good if they got their "Working Man ' s Association joined to that of the Teetotal .

      Mr . Doncan , from Edinbargh and Musselburgb , raid , the men in Edinbargh were thorough-going determined Radicals—that was all weo were members of the Universal Suffrage Association . At one tini ? , it ws' sappased that tfeere was a complete divirlon amocg the Radicals of Edinburgh about Mora . 1 and Physical Force , but the acting Radical * there n-. vie no dis irction row between tbe two kind * of f . - ^ Tiev wt Ti cerer : n nec : o j ? e evt-ry moral mearo . _ :- \ . ~ 'v : r . t ' rvir rbj ^ c-: : " - ' a rrei : Eurni-er w- r ? a r , vi- _ e .. lit ; b-J brrn e : joi : ed to te !; rhe ! . -- :.. - ' z : ¦ :. ' . t ' ... Hiiiea : ^ cr L-r . i : '' - ^ 'i- ^ ir-j cet-r-£ . L ^ i : o live U ^ vt . -sii r ' - -2 T-- ; -. -: ' ¦ = •¦ - L-zs .-d .

      Scottish C Onvention Of Delegates.

      SCOTTISH C ONVENTION OF DELEGATES .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 17, 1839, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct841/page/2/