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Northern Star (1837-1852), 14th December 1844, Edition 4 of 4, Page 7, Untitled Article

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    • aarictiltttral <£olutnn
    • THE EvFLUENCE OF DEMOCRACY.
    • 2Tvat»?s' $&obement
    • &aitfttudt*, &c
    • MARKET INTELLIGENCE.
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      Untitled Article

      A ttw papers on -the ^ poTitical , economical , and moral aspects of the age , may prolablj neither lie unacceptable to the readers of the-Star , nor nninstraetive in themselves jler "trill at least possess the utility of-the mile-stone—« howioTrimi ehof the journey towards g-enoiiie popnlar jnsniniioiis Jas been accomplished—our present wnereibont , '&& ¦ distance from the goal . -Ben&es , the ath-antage of easting an occasional . glance OTer the "whole field of action , —an advantage similar to ^ kat possessed ty the General , -who is constantlj receiving iai « 2 % eDce £ roB 3 all parts of thelatde-nel 3 , and is therefore

      better aDletoaraTTcorrectrnferencesastoprobableresnl ts , . - , -Qje private or subaltern fixed in one position , and -Kith the -whole attention concentrated on one spot , —it is Ij 3 £ hlv interesting to iratch the different phases of the -oopaisT mind , at different periods . If tlie inference can } v > fairlv flisTra . that every one of these phases has been of 3 progressive , rather than a retrogressive character , »—the trare of the advancing , not the ebbing tide , —it will impart fresh courage and hopefulness to those who are jtrnssiing for man ' s emandpanon . That such has been the character of the Past appears

      to x ^ incontestable . we compare popular mind of ¦ the present day , "with that of twenty or thirty years ago , the ; present scarcely any points of resemblance . Periapt the inytJniaons Irr"nii 2 cli The fcthers of the present gsDeration were oppressed are not jet materially altered in essence or in operation ; but their supporters use different argumwits , act more deferentially towards pnblic opinion , and , in appearance at least , pay lomage to that sovereignty of the people which is the essential principle of democracy . This outward recognition is a very fair prelude to the universal embodiment of that principle in srtcal institntioiis .

      The rampant Toryism of former days has utterly passed stray . It is dead and "buried—Tve hope and believe without say chance of a resurrection . If a few solitary specimens of this almost extinct species ret , ghost-like , " revisit the pale sEmpses of the moon , " they are as unsubstantial and -powerless as ghosts , and can oril ? izigiizea iroma ) and children . "yorSG Engiaxk" laughs in its Insty srrenjrtli 51 the shadow . Perhaps , before the race is completely eijjiunjished , it jvonld be well to catch and preserve a n « 3 menor two in the British llaseum .

      'Where are now to be foxmd open and avowed defenders ofifee doctrines of this once powerful party , based , as all jis docrriaes were , npon the assumption that "the many TTcre made for the /« r / ~ Ihe " divine right" of governing -wrong , inherent in the aristocracy ; the prohibition of ¦ thought or education amon ? the masses ; and the easj offiasd a-rotea ! of ihe c-totivjp Thai their destiny and duty ¦ jrere Eke Aat of the coach-horse , —to work hard , eat well , se 3 be camforiabiv stabled . —now , never outrage the pub-He ear or brav-r the Bsht of dav .

      Thanks ro the intrepid Beformers , whose Ions and per sersrins labours , -Biose heroic endurance of obloqnT , persecution , imprisonment , and even death , ultimately over-CSiae T > . i « i foe to > mma-n liberty and happiness ! To them He owe that political education of the people , which , begun by Carnrrighc . counnued br Cobbett and Hunt , and carried os by O'Connor , fr ** ic&deiis resusciiarion an itnpossihiHnr . Zvei ^ we—TorsG Zsglaxd—can recall the time when ; w a working man to have presumed to address a public seeting . would have been dersaed the rlimar of audacity . Sssdeat lor him 5 c > the idieiry of bsing permitted to attend at alL and listen to the wisdom of twaddiins

      Kuires-or the more delectable oratory of an "honourable znsmber" ot " noble lord . " " R * e have altered all that . The local associations , and frequent public meetings of the working daises , have been to them Normal Schools , in Trhich theyliave learned to give utterance to the thoughts iadaeedby their position in the social scale . Prom them coo , they hare carried to their workshops and their bumble Sresities truths of high import for discussion and re-SicAoa . TJiosght has ripened into action—and action , ¦» & , of a bold and aspiring ilfcseription . The result is . that Chartism—or , in other words , the ri ^ ini of the whole people to govern themselves—is now , in one shape or saother , the political creed of the age .

      Are ire asked for proofs of This statement t "We replv is the memorable words on the monument of "Wren in S :. Paul ' s— Look around .: " In e-rery direction the potency of public opinion is recognised ! Every party in pzSiats—ererj- seci in religion , pays comaire at its sirine . Certain manufacturers and merchants want ~ extended Earitrts" for their commodities ; what course do they take to obtain their object ? They appeal to tbe public . All Ha machinery of agitation is organised and set in motion . Toes of tracts : tens of thousands of newspapers , are distributed , advocating , explaining , and enforcing the right , acty , and ber-eSt of sending more calico , flannel , asd

      broadcloth to other lands , and receiving from them corn ct other eqnrralents in rernrn : active , unscrupulous , pjb-tongiied lecturers traverse the length and breadth of the land , everywhere proclaiming , illustrating , and ar-£ 2 ing j } j same d

      It , hc'trtvtr , the fact that popular influences are more operative amung the middle and mercantile classes than hs aristocratic , be tbouehl to weaken this illustration , 1 st -as tale another . The Middle Class League puts the IJJper classes ia "IkkJIJv iear" for t >>«» preservation oi tbdrprhilK-ea , aad the laws bv -yrhich they are secured , " hat measures do sfcpy adopt ? Alas . ' the high pTeroea-• rre-days of aristocratic ascendancy have gone , never to Tetttri : - - The strong hand of authority is palsied : passing

      -Act * art _ oi > soicte ; prisons are odious and znore-dangerous tOthtpro « -rnlortlial , j Jecaj ( tj Te _ How Tien is the torrent of caddlt-cia > s Free Tradism to be stemmed ? Vby / by l ^> o appealing Jo tjjg peop ]^ 3 ^ 3 maMng them the arbiter tfdJt dispute . Hence the proudest , the Tvealthiest , the Hi £ » 5 i powerfal aristocracy the world ever saw , forms " IVoiecaoa Societies 7 " *¦ speaks with bated breath and * k % -eriag immblenfess / 1 prints tracts and newspapers ; 12 * ead * &Tth i « Iscrarers ' also , to explain its case , and satT eat a fevonrable vertHet from the people .

      It -ar&TjJd "be easy 10 sioltiply examples of the grooving £ 2 id ab- = a . J _ v jre ^ ominant influence of ttri < new element lm we shsll c ^ nitat ourselves with one more . Sir Kobert * ~ - ' '' - ^ -rurnent is eminentlv the servant of the popular lt ti If xLe aitatc and eaunous Premier has any fixed jriEajjie i > f actiun whatever , it is that of watching the -arrua 2 « , iis ^ im the growth of opinion on national ques-** £ » = « -. and -r . hrtj he tMB ' i > it Fafficiently matur-:-d and stTMi :- ea sny p . jint . to obey its bidding . Inconsistency £ ¦ ££ beea . tLar 2 ed azainst him - . it is his consistencv in this

      respect whit-h ha = caused it . This made him propose and ( S 2 jj < _ ath' » Iir Enjanciparion , afier haTia ^ opposed it- This Jrfdtitt-aLIs m- > 5 scd applieaHoD o / the princip le of Fret - ra . u- , -r t V ; t rneasEres which siznalised the comniencecti : of Ms prt ^ est lease of o 3 c * . This he avows is to be the rule of his conduct in future . " I will only defend * J 2 w or an insntution to-day , " says the E ^ hi Hon . Sarosei " because it appears to me the best we can have ^~^ S- tv-mrirrtav the drenmstances mav alter , and then , 6 : ^ j arsc , 1 will change isith them . "

      Tie munense progress towards perfect political free-0023 a , however , not alone to be traced in the direction Suir indicated . It is not enough to know that popular « jBBioa ia > become the arbiter by which all questions ^^ to be derided . Tfe must also ascertain to what degf * e it is coinjietf-iit so to decide . Perhaps the existence t . ihe power to do so is a - proof oi the pre-existeare of its """ - Be this as it may , there can be no doubt but t-it higba- 2 ^ zxsi / r ^ comprehensive Tiews of the rights asd daties of citizenship than were formerly entertained " *** £ been sown broad cast , and taken deep root . Axioms

      32 PoEtics , -nhich were at no distant date branded with ^ fcoay ar-d popular disapprobation , or prosecuted by the Kate lawyers as seditious , are now the universallvrecos-^^ cnr nTnoii-places of our political terUjoo ^ s . - "With « e flfcare to attain power , there has grown up an equally strong desire to learn how to exercise that power rightly . - > * s yet , ihe pautdry of means for gratifying this desire , causes the educative process to be somewhat "behind £ be actnal influence gained , there is the consolation x >{ fasoTfing , } j jj e ^ ijtg ^ According to the old adage , "where there is a will there is a way . " Growing power * i 2 multi ply educational fecflities .

      A f orcaifc aiuEtration of the progress -which all political P * rtiE » hare made in the- acquisition of sound political knowled ge , mar be -fonna in tbe altered , and , in our t 5 " ? i inj proTed pontions now taken up by each of em - ToryisiD— -rigid , "unbending , exeluare Toryism—-Ea * j as we iaTe seen , lapsed , into aaxHmnodatiiig , jielding ^^^ erraiiBni . " ~ W 2 u ggerj , another of the illustrious de-^^ act , "has pren place to its more Tigorons ^ nd youthful 5 n «* ssor iht League ; or , perhaps better . Kill have for

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      its future leaders such men -as Lord Howick , and , as : a consequence , escnew the selfishness and cold-blooded cruelty engendered by Malthusian philosophy . Even Chartism has gone beyond its original demands . It asks , no l&ss resolutely than before , for admission within the pale of the Constitution for the masses ; but it has added to this , the study of other elements of national happiness , and , Trith proper guidance and a due amount of perseverance , it will succeed in gaining -votes , and a " stake in the hedge" at the same time . The Small Farm system may be made the most powerful lever for throwing down all that impedes tbe path of substantial political reform , -ever put into the hands , of an oppressed and suffering people .

      To those who ask what good comes out of popular agitations , we commend the perusal of these cursory remarks . They will find them a replv to the sneers and the obloquy wnich are so liberally bestowed on all movements while they are in advance of popular feeling . They also suppl y to all engaged in forwarding the public welfare that encouragement , which is so often needed in their arduous task . Past success guarantees future trinmphs . , Trpon the now generally recognised sovereignty of the people—that foandation-stone of Democracy—do we rest our anticipations of happier days for coming generations . That principle constitutes a basis broad enough for any superstructure that may hereafter be raised Tipon it . Its admission is an essential preliminary to tlie task of reconstruction : and that is the work which now falls to the Jot of TOLTfG EXGLAXD .

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      Chzmistbt aot VEGET ^ B tE Phtsiologt . —No . LF-iBZVicxors Skeds . —{ From the Western Agriculturist . )—Every seed is composed of two parts , the skin or outer covering and the kernel ; with the former ' "we have comparatively little to do , it is the structure of the latter thiit has the chief claims on our attention . This consists of the embryo , or germ of the future plant , the seed , leaves ( cotyledons ) , and nutrient matter for the embryo ( albumen , ) either existing as a separate body , or contained in the cotyledons . This albumen is either of an oily , farinaceous , or horny consistency , is always "wholesome , and It is it -srhich renders many seeds , such as corn , < tc ., so valuable as human food . When a plant can be propagated by buds , as in the case of the potato , we find

      around the bud a similar stock of nutrient matter deposited , to serve for the nourishment of the gro"wing bod , as the albumen does for that of the germ or embryo . At the present we shall confine our remarks to seeds , haying farinaceous albumen , such as the different varieties of corn . If we take a portion of this albumen , as wheat fiour , and -wash it on a piece of cloth "with water , it- is separated into two parts—a white powder removed by the water , known as starch , and viscid matter left on tie cloth * to which the name of gluten has been applied . These rwo bodies differ from one another in composition , as much as they do in appearance : the one ( starch ) is composed of carbon , oxygen , and hydrogen , "while the other ( gluten ) contains in addition nitroeen . Before these substances

      can nourish the young plant , they undergo changes in composition , "tvhieh may be best studied , if we examine them as they occur during tb . e germination of the seed . When we commit a seed to the ground under iavonrable errcnnistanees , tbe root and future Stem begin to be developed . At this period a small portion of a substance called diastase is produced in the seed , which , by its action on the stareh , converts it into sugar , rendering it thus soluble , in water , and fitted for absorption by the vessels of the young plant . It is in taking advantage of this change in the compositioE of the seed , that theart of a maltster consists .

      Susar is found in the unripened grain , and were we able to preserve it in this state , it would furnish a ready supply to the plant ; and hence , we find that seed not allowed to become dead ripe , germinates more rapidly than when the ripening process is allowed to go on so far as to convert the whole of the sugar into starch . When the extremity of theyoungplant becomes tipped "with green , it converts this sugarinto woody fibre , of which the stem of the perfect plant chiefly consists ; and thi * change from sugar to fibre is effected by the . plant adding to the sugar a quantity of carbon , which it derives from the air ; the difference of composition between sugar and fibre being oO lb . carbon , with 72 1 b . water , form sugar .

      . Do . 50 . . fibre . It is important to remark here , that other substances besides diastase have the power of rendering starch liquid , and producing the changes which it effectsalkalies , for instance , have this power , and by adding them , or substances containing nitrogen , to our seedbeds , we may be able to assist the efforts of nature , and perhaps obtain a gretiter produce from the seed . Such additions in the form of solutions for steeping seeds , have Ions been used by gardeners , especially for very old seeds , to assist their germinating power . And lime applied to seeds containing much starch , has been decidedly beneficial ; for even in some cases when the seed has been fusty , and produced , "without any application , unhealthv , plants , the addition of lime

      has caused a healthy braird . Practical men , too , have observed that by steeping their seed corn in urine , solutions of salt , " 4 c , and sprinkling quick lime on them , -when wet , annt , rust ,

      least eleven years , "which luxuriance appeared to him to be-owins to the action of the steeps . The salts employed were , nitrate of soda , sulphate , nitrate and muriate of ammonia , < fce . These experiments he repeated with perfect success , finding that not only was the growth more luxuriant , but that the steeped seeds tillered into 9 , 10 , or 11 stems , while the unprepared ones produced only 2 , 3 , or 4 . Experiments have been made in ihe London Horticoltnra ] Societr ' s Gardens on srains and leguminous seeds , steeped in solutions of nitrate of soda , muriate of lime , sulphate of magnesia , muriate of ammonia , phosphate of ammonia , & <• ., and the result is reported that on wheat , barley , rye , and oats , little effect has been produced , but if anvthins-,- it appears to be rather injurious , especially

      on the wheats and in the case of peas and beans , those steeped in water alone were decidedly the best . The results of experiments on these steeps by farmers in this nefehlxrarhood , with scarcely any exception , are in direct accordance with the above . This appears to settle this question . But if we do not place so much reliance on the steeps as the inventor does , perhaps under some eireumsLanttJS they may be beneficial , and even with these results before us , the subject is worthy further investigation . Not confining the experiments to the action of solutions , but extending them to Victor ' s plan of mixing the seed with stimulating manures in the solid state , and causing them by means of clay to adhere to ^ each individual seed . Though in this way we could not expect to supply the seed with sufficient materials for jierfecting the plant , yet in the

      one case it is an economical mode of applying manure , as it bring ? it in immediate contact with the roots : for in all other modes , even when the manure is drilled in , much i ? removed from the crop it is intended immediately to feed ; and , in the other case , if the saline materials of the soil be small in quantity , or if the salts contained in the seeds be essential to its growth , the addition may be beneficial ; for though the seed be able only tn absorb a little , still that may add one half more to " what it already contains ; and a . * we know that the saline matter in the same kind of seed varies in quantity , its absence may be the cause of feeble jrermination , and the addition of the required salts , afforded by steeps , mav increase the vigour of the crop . I have here aliudea to three ways in which seed manurin ? mav be beneficial .

      1 st . Bv adding substances to assist in the liquefaction of the starch , either directly , or by assisting in the production of diastase . * 2 d . By bringing the manure in direct contract with the roote , and thus economising the amount required . 3 d . By adding to the quantity or making up the deficiency of the saline matters in the seed and soils . 1 would therefore recommend snch experiments to be repeated , carefully examining the quantity of inorganic matter in the seed and soils , and observing whether , when undressed , the germinating power appears to the dependent at all on the proportion of this matter . It is needless to add , that the composition and proportions of the steep or manure must be known and stated , and that all experiments or secret preparations of quack fertilizers are ofno avail , and not worth the trouble of recording . G . Atkis , M . D ,, Agricultural Chemist .

      THE GREAT BRITAIN STEAM SHIP . The first experimental trial of the engine of the steam-ship Great Britain took place on Wednesday last , in Cumberland Basin . The screw made thirtysix revolutions , at about half speed . The trial was perfectlv satisfactory . The Great Britain will leave the baan on the ilxb inst . She will remain in King-road for a . short time , whence she Trill make a few experimental trips ; after which she will proceed to the Thames . A correspondent of the JMl gives the following

      description of this vessel : —So many and contradictory have been the accounts of this steam-ship , that I determined to see and to form an opinion "upon her myself , before the final trial of this experiment , which , if successful , will commence a new era in naval architecture . , Built entirely of iron , the contours presented to the eye are of the most exquisite grace—fine and beautifully ronnded in heralines , with a gentle sheer , sheais upon , the water like a racing gi g * her immense length looking stall greater from the . absence ofpaddle-ooxes , or anything to break the beautiful

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      eurves of her sides . She is the first vessel I have seen built entirely of iron , the plates forming her sides being rounded in over her timber heads ( for want of a better name I must call them so ) without bulwarks , hammock netting , or any defence but an iron railing . Nor has she the regiment of masts which the engravings represent her with—one large and heavily marred foremast , and the low wide funnel , alone breaking the sheer of her vast flush deck . There is , when seen in dock , a trifling drawback to her general appearance , in one large hawse-hole

      directly amidships , breaking the line of her stern , and giving her , in some degree , the look of a man whose nose has been in the wars . I proceeded on deck . It is unfortunate that no guide is appointed to show the wonders of the enginerooms , for it was dreary to toil through the wilderness of polished iron , in one respect like the land of promise , for it literally was Howing with oil , with no kind soul to afford information : and if my description should be imperfect , or the dimensions incorrect , the first arises from want . of comprehension , and the latter from the vague information I was at the time able to procure .

      Directly across ( athwart the sailors call it ) the midship of tlie vessel , and occupying the greater part of that section , is a large wheels eighteen feet six inches in diameter , and supported by a strong framing , and this is put in motion by a crank axis , passing fore and aft , and driven at each end by a pair of cylinders , niakrnsr four in all . These are disposed in the form of the letter A , making their stroke obliquely inwards , and by a parallel motion communicating directly with the cranks . The air pumps are placed between the legs of the A , and it will be seen that a most compact form of engine is thus obtained .

      In the bottom of the hold , directly under the large wheel , is the main shaft , 130 feet in length and sixteen inches in diameter . This passes fore and aft , and out through a stufling-box , in the run of the vesseL the end working in a bearing in the stem-post . Upon the shaft , directly under the large wheel , is a drum , six feet in diameter , and round this and the driving-wheel pass three endless chains , formed like the fusee chain of a watch , which are received into grooves corresponding with their links , both upon the wheel and the drum , and thus communicate the power , the propeller-shaft making about three revolutions for each stroke of the engines . Outside the vessel , and about level with the bad water line , but at present a foot or so out of the water , appears the propeller , formed with four vanes , like the sails of a windmill , but broader in proportion , and onlv six feet in diameter .

      Never , in appearance a £ least , was a machine so inadequate to its end as this ; but unquestionably in planning this , in reculating its velocity by the power applied , and the resistance to be overcome , the same science has been called into action that first suggested the vast vessel , and boldly casting aside all existing prejudices , devised new types for its mighty machinery . In this slight and hasty sketch 1 havenot attempted anv account of her cabin accommodation , or the mere upholstery work of a passenger ship . In the first place , all this is still incomplete , and when finished may appear more convenient than it at present does ; nor did it possess , to me at least , anv interest in comparison "with the machinery of this bold and vast experiment to which 1 venture to wish all the success which its daring ho well merits .

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      Manchester . —Prune -Meeting ot Carpenters axd J oiners . —A Public Meeting of the above body was held in the Carpenters ^ Hall , on the evening of Thursday , Dec . 5 , for the purpose of laying before the body the position of the strike . Mr . Levens was -unanimously called to the chair , who called upon Mr , Scott to read the accounts for tbe week , which were very favourable . Mr . Whittaker moved , "That auditors be appointed by this meeting to audit the accounts and report to the next general meeting . " Mr . Black seconded the resolution , which was agreed to unanimously . The three following gentlemen were then elected : —Messrs . Williams , Glcneross , and Turner . Mr . Black moved the following resolution ; " That it is the opinion of this meeting , that , in order

      to promote the union of the Building Trades , it is expedient to give the full management of the present strike into the hands of theTrades' Delegates . " Mr . Mandall seconded the motion . Mr . Dnglass moved an amendment to the resolution . After a lengthy discussion the original motion was carried by a large majority . Mr . Whittaker , in a powerfal speech , moved the following resolution : — "That we , the Carpenters and Joiners of Manchester and Salford , in general meeting assembled , consider that the correspondence between Messrs . Pauling and Co ., to the Carpenters and Joiners , through Messrs . Kelly , Gilmore , and Co ., has not had the due consideration of the different bodies of the Building Trades . We

      therefore respectfully request the delegates of the respective branches , to immediately call special meet ^ Ings for the purpose of laying the correspondence before them for their consideration ; and that , after such meetings , a public meeting-be called of all the branches of the Building Trades for their final decision . " The resolution was seconded by Mr . John Cannal . Mr . llitchinson moved , and Mr . Belhouse seconded , an amendment : — " That there be no public meeting , but that each branch decide in their own special meetings , and send the same by their repre sentatives to the Central Committee . " ' After a protracted discussion the original resolution , witn a slight addition , was carried by a large majority , and the meeting broke up .

      DtrMTRiEs . —The " Wages Movement goes on briskly among the Dumfries Trades . In fact , it is the onlv one that ruffles a moral sea as stagnant as that which enthralled Coleridge ' s Ancient Mwriner . A short time ago , the Operative Boot and Shoemakers' Committee closed the shop of a person named John Shaw , who was at that time paying his men at a much lower rate than the other masters in town . After a brief struggle , Shaw succumbed to the moraj influence brought to bear upon him , and signed an agreement , binding himself to take back his workmen on the same terms

      as the other masters . In a week or two , notwithstanding , he declined employing the men , who , by their spirited conduct , hadrwrung the concession from him , and , as we understood , refused to fulfil the other part of his agreement . The shop was , therefore , again " blocked . " The Committee put a spirited notice and address into the hands of the printer , and the workmen in Shaw ' s employment made arrangements for seeking work in the neighbouring towns until this-second dispute should be settled . All this -was , however , before the bills had been issued , or the men left their native , town , happDy superseded by the middle-man again giving in . As might be expected , so happy a termination to their first struggle has greatly emboldened the gallant Cordwainers in their efforts to procure for the members of the gentle craft exercising their vocation in Dumfries " a fair day ' s wage fora fair dav ' s work . "

      Chelsea . — Dc . vcojibe Testimonial . — A public meeting was held on Monday evening , Dec . 9 th , at the Cheshire Cheese Inn , Grosvenor-row , which was attended bj a most crowded and respectable audience . Mr . Bushby was unanimously called to the chair . Mr . Clark moved the first resolution" That this meeting award their grateful thanks to Thomas Slingsby Duncombe , Esq ., M . P ., for his valuable services in Parliament , more especially his strenuous and successful resistance to the infamous Masters and Servants Bill , and also his exposure of the infamous and atrocious Post-office spy system . " Mr . T . M . Wheeler seconded the resolution , which was unanimously adopted . Mr . John Dowling , in a neat and appropriate speech , proposed the second

      resolution— "That this meeting do most cordially asree with the sentiments contained in the address of the Metropolitan Duncombe Testimonial Committee , and pledge itself to every exertion in furtherance of the grand object therein recommended , viz ., an imperishable testimonial to the working-man ' s champion and true friend , Thomas Slingsby Duncombe . " Mr . O'Connor , who was received with the most enthusiastic applause , seconded the resolution , and spoke at . great length in support thereof . The resolution was carried unanimously . Mr . Leo moved , and Mr . Tubbs seconded , " That " the following persons be a committee to receive subscriptions and cany out the

      objects of the meeting : —Messrs . Bushby , J . Dowling , Dann , Tubb 3 , T . Dann . Dixon , Lee , Dines , Clark , Soper , Maines , and Corbet . " Carried unanimously . Mr . Darlibar moved , and Mr . Dowling seconded , the following resolution , which was carried unanimously : — " That the thanks of this meeting are justly due , and are hereby given to the Northern Star , and the rest of the public press , which aided the throwing out of the iniquitous and tyrannical Masters and Servants BilL" Mr . O'Connor moved a vote of thanks to the chairman , whieh was followed by three cheers for Duncombe and the Charter , and three for Mr . O'Connor . The meeting then separated .

      North Stajtordshibe . —Mr . John Auty , miner , will deliver a lecture on 'Monday , December 16 , 1844 , at seven o ' clock in the evening , in the Working-man ' s HaJL , Longton , North Staffordshire . All communications for John Auty must be addressed to the care of Mr . Henry Thomas , Peel-street , Burslem , North Staffordshire . Bab 5 slet . —The weavers met again on Monday night , when Mr . J . Grimshaw , who had been the chairman at the former nieeting , opened the business by giving a detailed account of the interview which haa taken place between the deputation and the employers . A deputation of five , persons , in the employ of Mr . Tee , was then appointed to wait on their master , and the meeting adjourned till Wednesday night .

      The Commutes of the . Duncomhe Testimonial , meeting at the Black Swan , Brown ' sJane , are called together for next Tuesday night , at eight p . m ., and it is requested all books out be brought in . TeeDdscombe TssTiMosiAi , CoMMiTiEB ,- formerly meetingattheMarquiBof > Granby , Ratcliff-cross , are called together for eight o ' clock aext Tuesday evening , at the Black ^ Swan , Jirown ' s-lane ; all persons holding collecting books are requested to bring them in

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      Earlt Winter . —The mountainsand even the upper valleys on the French frontier of Arragon are covered with snow ^ an ' event which has not taken place at go early a period for forty years . In the lower valleys rain has fallen almost incessantly for the last month . Wolves have come down in troops , and devoured an immense number of sheep , horned cattle , and horses ; and even the bearsj said to be in general so cowardly , have become bold and rapacious . A few days since the wolves devoured ninety aheep and several horses between the Eaux Chaudes and Gabas .

      A New Translatiox ., — A rich old maiden lady , who was notorious : for her bad temper and for her perpetually scolding hersei-vants , having , died a short time since , the liatehment was put up against her house , under which was the following motto : — " Reqviescat in pace . " The cook inquired of the coachman the meaning of these woras . Coachee , proud of this appeal to his scholarship , after pondering over them fora moment , answered . — "Oh , the motto in English is— ' Rett . quiet , cat , in peace . ' " TheBoy Jones ' again . —During the few days the Warspite was anchored in Salamis-bay , the boy " Jones ( in I go ) swam from the ship during the night ; but after some search 'he was found . ashore . 1 have not heard of his getting into tlio Palace , however .

      The Fkost in Holland . —Amsterdam , Dec . 6—In consequence of the frost which we have had for these three days past , the river Y before the city is hard frozen . The Zaandam steamer was obliged yesterday to give up a voyage , and to return on account of the ice . This morning , before seven o ' clock , three persons , going to shoot wild fowl , crossed tbe T , opposite the Custom-house , and several peasants , with milk for North Holland , have crossed the ice on foot . Victor Hugo , who , it is said , Las determined for the present altogether to abandon the dramatic Muse , has been compensating himself with her lyrical sister . A third volume of his poetical speculations and reminiscences of " Tlie Rhine" is in the press . A work of lus on Italy is also spoken of as forthcomingwhich , says the Revue de Paris , the poet "designs as his first political offering to the pet-rage . "

      Increase of Paufebs . —From tbe ret urns prepared under the direction of the Poor Law Commissioners , it appears that the number of out-door paupers in 584 unions in England and Wales had increased during the past year . Thus the total number of aged and infiiin out-door' paupers , partially or wholly disabled , relieved during the quarter ended Lady-day 1842 , was 271 , 700 , being composed of 59 , 749 men wholly unable to work , and 111 , 584 women and 31 , 118 men and 69 , 320 females partially able to work . In the Lady-day 1843 , the number of those wholly unablfe or only partially able to work had risen from 271 , 769 to 288 , 748 , showing 17 , 000 ; increase in one quarter alone ' . " Thus also has the amount levied

      and expended in England and Wales gradually increased , year by year , since 1838 . The amount levied in 1838 was £ 5 , 186 , 389 ; in 1839 , £ 5 , 615 , 938 ( an increase of between £ 400 , 000 and £ 500 , 000 ); in 1840 , £ 6 , 014 , 605 ( an increase again nearly equal , as compared with the preceding year ) , * in 184-1 , the amount eviedfor the purposes of the Poor Law further increased to £ 6 , 351 , 828 ; in . 1842 , to £ 6 , 552 , 890 ; and in 1843 , to the enormous sum of £ 7 , 085 , 595 , or an increase upon the year before , of no less than £ 532 , 705 , or upwards of half a million sterling . In fact , the cost of tlie poor in the last year was nearly the same , as that in 1826 , under the much reprobated old system .

      Game . —On Monday last , as a labourerof (^ uainton was crossing a field belonging te the Duke of Buckingham , he saw a great number of hares , and had the curiosity to count them . In this one field he counted no less than 270 hares , which was of course much less than the number he saw , as there were many he could not count . While labourers are starring for want of food and employment , here are vermin allowed to consume and waste this food , and by their depredations to lessen the farmer ' s means of employing the poor . — Ayhsbury News . Leoal Equity . —An unlucky youngster in the county of Sussex , in a frolic with his gun disturbed some partridges , without hurting a feather . For this the magistrate fiued him £ 10 . —A few days

      since a ruffian brutally assaulted a poor woman after partaking of her hospitality under pretence of known <* her husband , then away at sea , and in which assault he was assisted by his companion , who had shared what the poor woman's house afforded . In resisting their violence the poor woman broke her arm , and the wretch who caused this calamity was fined £ 5 , or two months' imprisonment , Circumstantial - Evidence . —A woman , fifty-two years of ago , the wife of a small farmer , named Benvoisin , residing atEprevill , was tried on the 27 th tilt , before the Court of Assizes of the Eure , for the murder of her brother , Pierre Vautier , It appeared from the indictment and the eyidence that the brother and the sister had for nearly fifteen years been oh bad terms ,

      in consequence of the anger felt by the latter at her brother having a larger portion of the property left by tlie father than she thought right , and that Vautier , in his just resentment against his sister , who was a woman of \\\ e worst feelings , had made a will bequeathing his property ( about 16 , 0001 ' .. ) .. to a friend . The motlier , however , being attacked with severe illness , and therefore desirous of seeing her daughter , Vautier , who resided witli his mother , consented to receive his sister , and at the death-bed of the parent a reconciliation took place . Vautier having about the period of his mother ' s death broken his thigh , the sister remained at his house to nurse him ; and , although her selfish disposition -vvas again shown by her desiring to have the whole of the household

      furniture of the deceased , and a quarrel ensued , yet Vautier , us a proof that the reconciliation made by the bedside of his mother was sincere on his part , revoked the will which he had made in favour of his friend , and executed another , in which he left everything to his sister . This act of generosity caused his death . The prisoner , anxious to get immediate possession of the property , and taking advantage of his feeble state , entered his room at night , and with a club beat out his brains . Early on the fallowing morning she went to a neighbour , and told him that during the night some thieves had broken in , and after robbing the house had murdered her brothei' . The character of the woman , however , created suspicion , and the officers of justice had soon proof that the murder was committed by her . On the trial the evidenee was such as not to admit of a doubt of her guilt ; but the jury , to the surprise of the Court ,

      declared that there was no proof of the . murdcr having been committed with premeditation . She was therefore only sentenced to imprisonment lor life , with hard labour . A remarkable fact was revealed on the trial , showing that even the most calculating criminals frequently commitgreat oversights . The murderess had taken the precaution , after the consummation of the crime , to proceed to a neighbouring spring , and wash away the stains of blood from her hands and some of licr clothing , but she had placed a bloody hand upon a latch on the inner side ofa door which was locked , and thejcey of which was found in her possession . Her story of thieves having entered the house was contradicted by this ( act , for they could not subsequently have locked a door of which they had not the key ; the marks of blood also were those of the left hand , and it was proved that the prisoner was left-handed . —Galignani's Messenger .

      An American Actress , Miss Cushman , celebrated in the highest walks of the drama , has arrived in England . Ya-vkeb Shooti . vg . — I'll tell you of a peculiar cheap shot as I had with a single bullet . In at farmer Spovin's , I see a coop ready to go to Brooklyn , with seven and forty ducks in It . So I said to Spovin , " How much will you charge me for a single shot among that brood with a single bullet , whole , and not split ? " "Two dollars , " said Spovin . "Done ! " says L slick enough . So I took a little bruised corn and strewed it along the trough , ' and out pops the seven and forty heads of the ducks . Then I lay down on the ground right away , and taking a perspective horizontal view of the whole regimenf ; sideways , I wish I may be teetotally substaquilatod if 1 didn't carry ofi' the entire whole of the seven and forty heads .

      Tbe Intellectual Middle Class . —At a recent inquest Mr . Wakley stated , that not ope-half of the jurors who attended inquests in the western district of Middlesex could write ; and that a short time since he held an ihqueat at which ten jurors out of the twelve could not sign their names . EARTHQUAKEs . ^ -Letters from Italy state that the continued shocks of earthquake by which , for more than a year past , the city of Ragusa has been disturbed , have created so much alarm that it is in contemplation to evacuate the well-known place , and build a new Ragusa , on some better protected spot of the Dalmatic shore .

      Iir oi ^ -iitrBBER Goods . —The American papers mention that great improvements have been made lately in the United States , in the manufacture of Indiarubber waterproof goods , for which & patent has been taken out by Mr . . Charles Goodyear . It fe also stated that the articles have' been patented in England , France , and Russia .

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      Curious Humans . —A recent catalogue of a sale at the West-end of London contains the following ex ^ traordinary announcements : — j" Two ivory young ladies' work-boxes . A mahogany gentleman ' s dressing-case . A rosewood young lady ' s Canterbury , with a secret drawer . " j A Wild Boar Story . —The Echo de la Nievre of the 3 rd , gives an account of the killing of a wild boar at Fours , which had long been the terror of the country . He had entered the premises of a M . Sclimid in open day , and when that gentleman came up he found

      two of his five yard-dogs dead , the three others dying , and his gamekeeper lamed for ] life bv a dreadful wound inflicted in the leg by the tusks of the ferocious animal . M . Schmid fired his gun , which was loaded with ball , at the boar , and wounded him sufficiently to prevent the animal from making an attack . He then C rushed at him , and with Ms couteau de cfuttse cut his throat . The animal weighed 130 kilogrammes , and in his hide were found teri balls , four of which had been fired at him long before , and six by M . Schmid and his keeper on the day of his death .

      Tippekary . —It is stated that a- special commission will lx > issued for the trial of the recent murder cases in the county Tipperary . f Substitute fob Marble . —A l « irge factory is about to be established in Berlin , for manufacturing a species of composition equal to the finest marble , from plaster of Paris and solutions of alum , j Wister . —The navigation seems to be closed at Cronstadt for the year . The road and the gulf are thickly covered with iee , and several foreign merchants are obliged to stay . j

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      Thomas Rose , of Nursling , Hampshire , brick burner . — John Thomas Gibbons , of Eton , Buckinghamshire . —John IJrett , of Bury St . Edmund ' s , Suffolk , currier . —James Ajling , of Leeds , cabinet maker . —Stephen Buck-uell , of Heudon , Middlesex . —Josiah M . artini of 229 , High-streat , St . Leonard , Shoreditch , tallow-chandler . —Caroline Maidstone , of Cambridge , milliner . —William Starr Drury , of Chester , ironmonger . — Elias Xeedham , jun ., of Little HoughUm , Lancashire , dogger . —John Beale , of Cailoxton , Glamorganshire , grocer . —William Skinner Itendle . of Venzance , Cornwall , tua-dealer . \

      DIVIDENDS DECLAIUED . Jnines Gilsua Forxter , of Aldgicte llijfli-stree-f , City , tailor , first dividend of Is . in the pound , payable at ISj Aldermanbury , London , any Saturday . JameK Cailbury , of New Bond-street , cheesemonger , final dividend of Is . -fid . in the pound , payable at 18 , Aldermaubury , London , any Saturday . I George Hammond , sen ., of Havanti Hampshire , brewer , first dividend of Is . Gd . in the pound , payable at 18 , Aldurmanbury , London , any Saturday . . 1 Jonathan Bail , of Salisbury , Wiltshire , cabinet maker , first dividend of ( is . 8 d . in the pound , payable at 18 , Aldermanbury , London , any Saturday . ' John Dunphy , of Burford , Oxfordshire , victualler , first dividend of is . 3 d . iu the pound , payable at IS , Aldtrmanbury , London , any Saturday . J Julvn Uote Brown , of Uuks-stre . etj Manchester -square , chemist , final dividend of Is . id . in tlie pound , payable at 18 , Aldevmanbury , London , any Saturday . John Tucker , late of . Sutton-street , i ' omniereial-road East , ship owner , first dividend of fls . 8 d . in the pound , payable at 18 , Alderman bury , Londoii , any Saturday . acoinb Lancasterof

      Thomas J , Barge-yard , Bucklersbury , City , merchant , final dividend of lid . in the pound , payable at IS , Aldernianbury , London , any Saturday . Thomas Curtis , of Su- \ mey , shipping buu-hwr , first and final dividend of Is . Kd . towards Is . lOd . in the pound , payable at 18 , Aldermanburv , London , any Saturday . John Ball , of 20 , St . George ' s-place , Hyde-park-corner , tailor , first dividend of 9 d . in the pound , payable « it Is , Aldermanbury , London , any Saturday . John Freeman Wood , of Oxford , surgeon , first dividend of 2 s . (! d in the pound , payable at 1 , feambrook-court , Basinghall-street , any Wednesday . { Daniel Basely , of High-street , Boruugh , and Old Kentroad , cheesemonger , third dividend of Is . in the pound , payable atl , Sambrook-court , Basinghall-street , any Wednesday . I Ed-ward Vaughan Austin , of Paradise-street , Rotherhitlie , apothecary , first dividend of 7 d . in the pound , payable at 1 , Sambrook-court , Basing ' hrll-street , any Wednesday . I Richard Barham , of Einsworth , j Uampshire , linen draper , first dividend of 'is . <> d . in theipound ., payable at 1 , S / iiJibrook-court , Basinffhall-street , any Wednesday .

      Jacob Forth , of Nottingham , hatter , first dividend of 2 s . in the pound , payable at 27 , Waterlooj-street , Birmingham , any Thursday . j Samuel Appleyard , of Manchester , stuff' merchant , first and final dividend of 3 s . 1 £ < 1 . in the jiound , payable at 7 , Charlotte-street , Manchester , on December 18 , and any following Wednesday . ; David Thomas , of Manchester , merchant , second dividend of 4 id . in the pound , payable at 7 , Charlotte-street , Manchester , any Wednesday . } Abraham Ogden , of Spotland , Lancashire , sizer , first dividend of 5 s . yd . in the pound , payable at 7 , Charlottestreet , Manchester , any Wednesday , j John Fothergill , sen ., of Selby , Yorkshire , apothecary , first divideud of 3 s . 3 d . in the pound , payable at 7 , Commercial-buildings , Leeds , any Tuesday . Stephen L'hillips , of Brook-street , Hanover-square , carpet warehouseman , dividend of lOd . in tbe pound , payable at 1 , Sambrook-court , Basiughall-street , any Wednesday . Ludd aud William Feuner , of Feiichurch-street , City , merchants , dividend of 4 d . in the p | ound , payable at 1 , Sambrook-court , Basinghall-street , any Wednesday .

      John Jenkins , of Craven-place , Old Kent-road , currier , first dividend of 4 s . ( id . in the pound , payable at i , Basinghall-street , London , any Wednesday . } William Dethick , of Temyle-street , Whitefriars , City , lime merchant , first dividend of 5 ^ d . ih the pound , payable at " - ' , Basinghall-street , London , any Wednesday . William Bestoe Smith , of Sudbury , Suffolk , surgeon , first dividend of Gs . 1 Jd . in the pound , payiible at 'I , Basinghallstreet , any Wednesday . i l ' eter T . insley , of St . John-street , West Sniithfield , straw plait dealer , first dividend of 2 » . ( Ijd . \}\ the pound , payable at - ' , iiasiiijjhall-street , any Wednesday . Henry Wood , of Basinghall-street , -City , woollen factoi-, first dividend of 2 s . in the pound , payable at 2 , Basinirhallstreet , any Wednesday . ] Thomas Bentley Andrew , of AshCun-nnder-Lyne , Lancashire , tea dealer , first dividend of 3 s . 6 "d . in the pound . j > : iv : > l > le at *> , Georgo-street , Manchester , any Tuesday . William lletiry Bates , of Birniinghaiu , factor , first dividend of 3 s . 3 d . in the pound , payable at 7 , Waterloo-. stivet , Birmingham , any Thursday . \

      Veardley and Co ., of Ecclesfield , Yorkshire , flax spinners , first dividend of 3 s . yd . in the pound , payable at 7 , Cuinmercial-bnildings , Leeds , any Tuesday . James Sentor , of Kirkheaton , Yorkshire , fancy cloth manufacturer , first dividend of 3 s . | lld . in the pound , payable at 7 , Commercial-buildings , I ^ -eds , any Tuesday . Thomas Williams and Edward Williams * , of Liverpool , linen drapers , first dividend of 4 s . Id . in the pound , payable at Barned's-buildings North , Liverpool , any Thursday . William Webb , of Leamington , Warwickshire , hotel keeper , dividend of 7 s . 6 d . in the ppuud , payable at 2 " , Waterloo-street , Birmingham , any Thursday . John Milner , of Brook-street , New-road , engine manufacturer , second dividend of Is . Cd . in the pound , payable at 1 , Sambrook-couvt , Basinghall-street , any Wednesday . Joseph Else and William i ) i . xon , ofjKingston-upon-Hull , corn millers , first and final dividend of 12 s . Gd . in the pound on the separate estate of Joseph Else ; and on the joint estate , first dividend of 3 s . in the pound , payable at 7 , Commercial-buildings , Leeds , any Tuesday . CERTIFICATES to be granted , unless cause be shown to the contrary on the dav of meeting .

      Joseph William Snell , of Mount-p ace , Miie-end-road . boot-maker , Jan . 8—William Hottoii Williamson , of Dowgate-hill , City , tobacconist , Jan , lot—Richard Robiuson , of 457 , Strand , coal-merchant , Jan . 10—Henry Adenbrook , of Dudley , Worcestershire , ! druggist , Jan . 7 — Juhn Appleton , of Sunderland near the Sea , Durham " , shipowner , Jan , 7—Charles Mann , inf Romfurd , Essex , hanker , Jan . 4—Ross , Watson , and Robert Morris , of Liverpool ; brokers , Dec . 31 . ] CERTIFICATES to be granted by ithe Court of Review , unless cause be shown to the contrary on or before Dec . 31 . Thomas Humphrey , sen ., and Thomas Humphrey , jun ., ot' Ivingston-upon-lfull , slupwrights—William Wolland , <> f Exeter , turner—Michael Cujrhlait , of Meltham , - Yorkshire , woollen cloth manufacturer—Edward Mark Good , of I ' eckham and Dulwich , Surrey , farmer—Edward M'Laughlin , of Long-lane , Bermonds ' ev , hair merchaut .

      PARTNERSHIPS DISSOLVED . William Collison , Edward Trimmer , and Charles Tolley , of Worcester , brewers—Isaac Hooth and Richard lilaekley , of Monks Coppenhall , Clioshire . jinereers—Alfred May and ilcnry Stewart , of 98 , High Ilolborn , smiths—George Tillett and William Tillett , <> f Winterbourue and Framptiin Cottercll . nuarrymeu — Edward Cawley and Joseph t ' awlcy , of ' - JI . Lambeth-terrace , Lainbeth-road , Surrey , cabinet-makers—Samuel Wooliey and W . N . Bell , of Liverpool and . Smyrna , merchants—Richard L . Kan kin and Joseph Ulejive , of jforthwic-h , Cheshire , manufacturing clu'inists—Joseph Linsley , jun ., Margaret FaUierley , and

      Hannah Fatherlcy . of » ashingtoti ,- Durham , fanners-Thomas Booth and Richard Hornby , of Blackburn , Lancashire , drapers—lohn Stanfield and John I ' almer , of Waketield . Yorkshire , booksellers—kichard Attwood and , 1 . W . llewett , of Farehain , attorneys—IJ . It , Forrest and Francis Boyle Garty , of 157 , Fencliurch-streut , City , mcrchiiiits—Henry Hargreaves and Richard Marmaduke Gill , uf Blackburn , Lancashire , printers J-Itobert Bowman and William Knight , jun .. of Manchester—Thomas Con way ( tnd John Marden , of Beaminster , Dorsetshire , drapers—Thomas Ions and Thomas Leybourrie , of > eweastle-upon-Tyne , curriers—Frederick l'awsoy , John King , and Henry Ridley , of Ipswich , ink manufacturers .

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      London Corn Exchange , Monday , Dec . 9 . —The arrivals of English \ vheat _ and barley were large during the past week , but of other articles the supplies coastwise were moderate . From Scotland only a few- small parcels of barley , and two or three thousand quarters of oats arrived , but of the latter grain the receipts from Ireland were to a fair extent . From abroad the supply of barley was { very liberal , that of oats tolerably good , with a moderate quantity of wheat and flour , the latter Canadian . At this morning ' s market the show of wheat b y land carriage samples from the neighbouring counties was small ; there was likewise a falling off in the jfisnlay of barley and oats ; the quantity fresh up was ilnimportant . Beans and grey peas were , on the other' hand , plentiful , and there were more white peas offering than of late .

      The sharp frost caused all kinds of com to come to hand in improved condition ) and tlie trade wag consequently firm . English wheat met rather an active demand , and a clearance was effected without difficulty , at fully the currency of Monday last . Foreign free wheat did not move off very freely , its previous value was , however , well supported . Flour , though still somewhat dull of sale , was held with increased firmnes . 8 . Notwithstanding the late very plentiful arrival of barley , fine malting qualities excited attention . Choice ' parcels were held at rather over former rates , wMlst all other descriptions were quite as dear as on this day se ' nnight . In quotations of malt no change occurred , f For oats a steady inquiry was experienced , and prices had . rather an upward tendency . Beaijis moved off very tardily , and were ls per qr . cheaper , frrey and mable pfeas were likewise a trifle easier to ! buy , and ignite ij *> dearer . In bonded articles nothing of interest trans-

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      pired ,, High prices continue to be asked for -r ^ i ^ clover-seed , but the demand is not very active : red moved off . rather tardily of late . Linseed cakes have been much sought after ; indeed , the severe weather hits enhanced the value of all arficles ... « 8 € a for feeding . ¦> . sht ; rf ' :- . " .. -. * . Londos Smithfield Market .- —MoNBATi ^ Aa thegreat Christmas market will beheld here « nMonday next , no little enriosity was manifested 'by granen ~ and butchera to ascertain the quality of , the stock ' exhibited for sale to-day , by way ofa criterion to re ^ gulate their future transactions . But , with tie ex- ^ ei'ption of there being a , few well-made-up Devons , > Scots , and runts , amongst the bullock supply * a very ¦ - » great and almost unprecedented deficiency 01 quality '

      was apparent ; in fact , at least a moiety of it was Ies 9 than half fat . From the ' numerous attendance of butchers , and the near approach'of Christmas , we were led to expect an improved demand , but 1 such was not the case ; , still , however , theprimest beef was in good request at fully last weeta quotations—viz ., from 4 s . to 4 s . 4 d . perSlbs . ; but in all other kinds exceedingly little was doing , and , in some instances tbe rates had a downward tentkney . The imports of live stock from abroad , during the past week have been again liberal ; they Living amounted to 105 oxen and cows , and 60 sheep at Hull : and J » 3 beasts , together with 163 sheep , into London—the whole being from Rotterdam by steamers . The supply on show to-day

      consisted of 44 oxen and cows , ana 104 : sheep . With respect to the quality of the former , we may observe , that it exhibited a slight improvement compared witn previous importations , while the latter were in excellent condition . The beasts found purchasers at from £ 16 to £ 19 , and the sheep from 89 s . to 44 s . per head . We find that the foreign beasts are still in good favour amongst tlie butchers , while the sheep are somewhat eagerly sought after . The bullock droves from our northern grazing districts , consisted of about 1800 shorthorns . From Norfolk , Suffolk , Essex , and Cambridgeshire , we received 3 S 0 Scots , < fec . ; from the western and midland counties , 600 Herefords ,

      I'unts , Bevoiis , &c . , from other parts of England , 700 of various breeds ; from Scotland , 200 horned and polled Scots ; and from Ireland , via Liverpool , 40 waste—the vemaindev of thft supply being derived from the neighbourhood of the metropolis . The supply of sheep was someAvhat on the increase , and of fair average quality . Fine old Downs were in good 1 'p' j . in'st at full prices , but all other breeds were with difficulty disposed of at late rates . In calves , exceedingly little was doing at previous currencies . We had on offer 144 pigs , by sea , from Ireland . All devriptions of pork were heavy , yet prices were supported .

      Smithfield Hay Market , Thursday . —Coarse Meadow Hay , £ 3 12 s to £ 4 15 s ; Useful ditto , £ 4 16 s to £ "> 4 » ; fane Upland ditto , £ 5 5 s . to £ 510 s ; Clover Hay , £ 4 10 s to £ 6 ; Oat Straw , £ 1 12 s to £ 1 14 s ; Wheat Straw , £ 1 14 s to £ 1 17 s per load . A fair average supply ; and a steady demand at very full prices . South all , Dec . 11 . —For prime beasts and sheep —the numbers of which were-rather limited—we had a steady demand at fully last week's quotation . All other kinds of stock met a very sluggish inquiry , at ba ? 'ely late rates . Beef , from 2 s . 6 d . to 4 s . M ; mutton , 2 s . 8 d . to 4 s . 4 d ; veal , 3 s . to 4 s ; and pork , 2 s . lOd . to 3 s . lOd . per 8 lbs . to sink the offal . Supply : — 15 easts , 47 ; Sheep , 1 , 700 ; Calves , 48 ; Pigs , 56 .

      Romford , Dec . 11 . —We had an improved inquiry for all kinds of fat stock , at full currencies ; beef , from 2 s . lOd . to 4 s . Gd ; mutton , 3 s . to 4 s . 4 d : veal » 3 s . 4 d . to 3 s . lOd . ; and pork , 2 a . 8 tl . to 3 s . lOd . per 81 bs . ; suckling calves , 18 s . to 30 s . ; quarterTold store pigs , 16 s . to 20 s . ; and milch cows , with their small calf , £ 1 & to £ 19 each . ILjj . siiam , Dec . 11 . —This being our great market , the supply of stock was good , aud of very superior quality . Hrices niled as follows : —beef , from 2 s . 8 d . to 4 s . Gd . ; mutton , 3 s . to 4 s . 4 d . ; veal , 3 s . 4 d . to 3 s . 8 d . ; and pork , 2 s . lOd . to 3 s . Gd . per 81 bs . AiiuxDEt , Dec . 10 . —Beef , from 2 s . lOd . to 4 s . 4 d . ; mutton , 3 ? . to 4 s . tid . ; veal , 3 s . 4 d . to 3 s . 8 d . ; and pork , 2 s . lOd . to 3 s . 8 < 1 . per 8 Jbs . Supply good , and tr . iilo on the whole dull .

      CniouESTEii , Dec . 11 . —TI 10 show this yoav was quite equal to that of last . The trade was not to say brisk , and a good clearance was effected at ouf quotations . Beef , from 3 s . Cd . to 4 s . 6 d . ; mutton , 2-s . 8 d . to 4 s . " 4 d . ; veal , 3 s . to 3 s . Sd . ; and pork . 2 s . 10 d . to . 3 s . ' 8 d . per Slbs . Suckling calves , ISs . to 28 s . ; quarter-old store pigs , lCs . to 18 s . ; and Milch cows , £ 16 to £ 19 eaeh . CORN AVERAGrES . —General average prices of British corn , for the week ended Dee . 7 , 1 SH 4 , madi- up from the Returns of the Inspector in the different Cities and Towns

      in England and Wales , per Imperial Quarter . Wheat - 45 s . 2 d . I Oats - 21 s . lOd . Beans - 37 s . 5 d . Barley - 34 s . 9 d . | Rye - 31 s . 2 d . Pease - 36 s . id . TumsE Corn Market , Monday , Dec . 9 . —About an average supply ; in prices no alteration : all well sold up . Wheat , 5 s . 3 d . to 6 s . ; rye , 3 s . 9 d . to 4 s . 6 d . ; beans , 4 s . 9 d . to 5 s . 3 d . per bushel ; oats , 16 s . Gd . to 21 s . ; barley , 31 s . to 35 s . per quarter . miRSK WEEKIY CORN BETURNS UP TO SATURDAY LAST . Wheat . Barley . Oats . Hue . Mean / -. Peat ¦ 'Vs . Bush . Qrs . Bush . Qrs . Bush . Q ' rs . Qrs . Bush . Qrs

      () ' . » 4 57 0 85 5 0 9 3 0 TOTAL AMOL'XT . il s . d . £ s . d . £ s . d . £ s . d ; £ « . d . £ s . d . \ W 19 3 94 17 0 7903 00 0 0 19 5 0 0 0 PRICE I'EB q CARTER . £ s . d . £ - s . d . £ s . d . £ , s . d . ¦ £ s . d . £ s . d . 2 4 Si M 2 10 0 18 0 i 0 0 0 2 1 05 0 0 0 Uedale Fortnight Fair , Dec . 10 . —We had a good supply of both beasts and sheep at this day's market , ivith a good attendance of Tbuyers . Beef , 6 s . to : s . Od . per stone ; mutton , 5 Jd . per lb .

      M . vlton Corn Market , Dec . 7 . ~ -We have a limited > upply ofgrain to this day ' s market , with the exception of oats , which was very limited . Wheat of all descriptions in good demand , at last week ' s prices . Barley , except the finest qualities , the turn iower . Oats without alteration . —Red wheat , new , 43 s . to \* a . ; old ditto , 50 s . to 52 s . ; ditto white , new , 51 s . to 54 s . ; old ditto , 52 s . to 56 s . per quarter of forty stone . Barley , 28 s . to ftjs . per quarter of thirtytwo stone . Oats , 9 id . to lOAd . per stone . York Corn Market , Dec . 7 . —The market is beginning to have its usual supply of grain . For wheat , farmers are asking a little advance on last week s rates , and in some cases it is acceded to , but the general run of samples are no dearer . Pine barley ready sale ; inferior qualities difficult to quit , and the turn lower . Beans have declined 6 d . per load , and oats one farthing per stone .

      Leeds Corn Market , Tuesday , Deo . 10 . —We have now a change in the weather ; a keen frost set in on Thursday last , and still continues , by which the condition of all grain is much improved . Fresh supplies this morning are only limited , and having a fair good demand for wheat , a small advance on last week's prices is realized , and a healthy feeling in the trade . Barley is steady- in value , and the demand Ilis slightly increased . Oats , sheWing , and beans , both old and new , are without much change in value . Leeds Cloth Trade . —The sharp weather with which we have been visited during the last few days has produced a slight animation in the demand for winter goods ; but the general aspect of the trade is still dull . Many parties are , however , looking for an improvement with the new year .

      Manchester Corn Market , Saturday , Dec . 7- — Rather a better demand lias been experienced for all descriptions of tlour during the week , and although we cannot note any improvement in prices , the rate' . previously obtainable have been fully supported . In oats aud oatmeal a steady business has likewise been passing , at the full currency of our last market-day . At our market this morning few transactions occurred iu wheat , but no alteration in value was observable . A moderate demand existed for flour , and the quotations of this da > ' se ' nnight were firmly maintained . Oats , being iu scanty supply , commanded , an advance of Id . per 4 o lbs . ; and oatmeal met a fair sale , at fully late rates . Beans were in limited request , and again rather cheaper .

      Liverpool Cobs Market , Monday , Dec . 9 . —Th 6 arrivals pf grain , &c ., to this port , during the past week , are of very small amount ; Is . per quarter advance has oeeuired in the duty on foreign rye , and Is . per quarter decline on peas—say 8 s . Gd . and 7 s . 6 d ^ respectively . Throughout the week the trade has been inactive ; but , | with continued firmness on the part of holders of foreign , and the small imports of Irish new , prices of wheat throughout the week have * been maintained . Flour has experienced a very dull sale , and home manufacture must be quoted Is . per sack cheaper . Though few oats have been wanted , the scarcity of that grain has enabled holders to realize fully Id . advance ; good mealing qualities have not been obtainable under 3 s . to 3 s . id . per 45 lbs . Oatmeal has met a moderate demand at last week's rates * Barley has continued to move slowly . No alteration as regards beans and peas .

      Liverpool Cattle Market , Mondayy Dec . 9 . — We have had a smaller supply of cattle at market today than for some time past , with a numerous attendance of buyers . There was an advance in nrice of about id . per lb . from last week ' s quotations Beef 5 Jd . to 5 U-, mutton 5 | d . i 0- 6 | d per lb . Cattle imported into Liverpool , from the 2 nd to the &th Nov . : —Cows , 1832 ; calves , 36 ; sheep , 3058 ; pigs , 5328 ; horses , 21 . Liverpool Wool Market , Dec . 1 . —We have' again to report a fair business in wool this week , witu ' a prevailing opinion , which seems to be gauaing ; grouniL that prices will not be lower . In'AJfiaca , with our light stock , the few sales are attfiflrprice ' 'The demand forScotch is moderate , at laWtates , for the wants of the trade . > ., ; i . ¦ i w , v

      State of Trade . —The intelligence of the coinplfl je closing of the Elbe by ice * which rea ^ feejiii l is town OD Saturday , haa put a , ? udde » stopio ptucchsaes ^ f yajfn for Gecmany ; and taet account * ^ mjln ^ -iiptbdjag considered favourable , the yarn , inafket , ^ ia ^ be <)^ me exceedingly dull , though ,, as yet , , witftou $ amjaaj ^ rial change in prices . The market for , manulaqtured goods is also inactive , fbrwhich the season m ^ jfsufficiently account , t Yesterday iher 0 were some ra $ er extensive inquiries Jfc , 40-inch shirituigs ^ . jat FiIoyer rates ; but , we believe < not . much , buameeS ; donef . — Manchester Quardia . ii ,, of Wednesday ^ .-., :, £ ¦ ¦' :-, "' * . ;

      Untitled Article

      XtecsMBEB 14 , 1844 . ^^^ THE NORTHERN STAR . ¦ % .

      The Evfluence Of Democracy.

      THE EvFLUENCE OF DEMOCRACY .

      2tvat»?S' $&Obement

      2 Tvat »? s' $ &obement

      Untitled Article

      Rochdale Factory Workers . —There seems to be a general move on the part of the factory workers in this town . There : have been- 'turn-outs- of the handa at several of the mills , at some of which work has been resumed , the hands having gotten the advance asked for . , The Next Gekjeral Delegate Meeting of Lancashire Miners will be held on Monday next , December 16 th , at the house of Mr . John Garforth , Old Mess House , Oldham . Chair to be taken at eleven

      o'clock in the forenoon . A public meeting will also be held onthe same day , at which W . P . Roberts , Esq ., will be present . The levy , including General Contribution and Law . fund , is Is . 6 d . per member . Errata . — Sir , be so good as to correct a few errors which appeared inJast week ' s Star , m the article signed Wm . Dixoh and Wm . Grocott . The word pan occurs twice , ^ whieh should be ton ; Instead of County Secretaries , it should be—Signed on behalf of the Miners of Lancashire , Wm . Dixo . v , Wm . Grocott , County Secretary . ,

      &Aitfttudt*, &C

      &aitfttudt * , &c

      Market Intelligence.

      MARKET INTELLIGENCE .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 14, 1844, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct837/page/7/