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Northern Star (1837-1852), 30th November 1844, Edition 4 of 6, Page 2, Untitled Ad

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    • -» T.-RTTDS BOROUGH SESSIONS. IS
    • STvtiScjs' ;£Bol)fmem0.
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      Untitled Ad

      T ^ r OTICE HEREBY GITE 5 , That the next General _ iM Qnartar Sessions of the Peace , for the Borough of Leeds , in the ^ otmry of York , -still be holSen before Tbokas Fxowik Ellis , Esquire , Kecorder of the said BoroTigh , at the Court House , in Leeds , on Mosdat , the Sixteenth daj of Dicboes , Ida , at Sine of the Clock in the forenoon , 3 t -which time and -place all Jnrors . Constables , Police Officers , Prosecntors , Witnesses , Persons l » nnd by Recognizance , and others having business at th » Mid Sessions are required to attend . And yotice v ] terctni alto Giren , That all " Appeals , Applications , and Proceedings under the Highway Acts , ( not previously disposed of ) -trill be ireard and taken at the opening of the Court , on TrzsDAT , the SeTenteeth day of Dbcembex , provided all cases of 7 elony and iGsdemeanour , shall then bave been disposed of or othernise , as soon as the Criminal Basinets of the Sessions chati be concluded . By Order , Jjlhes RicHAiDSu . v , Qerk of the Penre ibr the said BoTvopb . Leeds , ISth November , 1844 .

      Untitled Ad

      GREAT 34 EDICAL BOOS . TTFITTTT , FTBXXGTH , LITX . FTTEE True and long : enjoyment of health mat be secured A . for all the afflicted * by the use of the " oldest , best tried , and most successful remedy of the ase—

      Untitled Ad

      -FACTS ARE STUBBORN THINGS . " IllHE folhjTving testimonials from respectable persons , J . in addition to many hundreds of DECIDED CURES —particulars t > f -which have been already publishedestablished the character of PASS'S LEFE PILLS as thi Best Xcdtene in the World : —

      Untitled Ad

      WEST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE . ADJOURNMENT OF THE MICHAELMAS SESSIONS FOR THE TRIAL OF FELONS , ic . " VfOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN , that the Michailhab ± > Gexekal Qcastex Sessions of the Peace , for the "West Riding of the County of Yokk , will be holden by adjournment , at , Sheffield , on Tuesdat , fHE 10 th Dat of Decembeb next , at Half-past Ten o'clock in the fore-¦ noon , and by farther adjournment " from thence will be fiolden at Bra-OFobd , on Thursday the 12 th Day of Decembeb xext , at Half-past Ten o ' clock in the forenoon , FOR THE TRIAL OF FELONS AND PERSONS INDICTED FOR MISDEMEANORS , when all Jurors , Suitors , Persons who stand upon Recognizances , and others having business at the said Sessions , are required to attend the Court .

      Untitled Ad

      ROWLAND'S MACASSAR OIL PATRONIZED by her Majesty the QUEEN , his Rnval Higeness PRINCE ALBERT , the ROYAL FAMILY and NOBILITY , and the several Sovereigns and Courts throughout Euro }> e . —This Elegant , Fragrant , and Pellucid in Oil , itsprtserratice , restorntirs . andbtuufyYing qualities , l ^ -aueqnalletl over the whole world . It j-. rise ' rrea ' and repro-ixictt the hair , even at a late period of life : prevents it fr <\ m falling of , or furnuiij pjvy ; rf * tor « prev hair to its original cAour ; frees it from scurf and diind ' rif , and renders it soft , ; iUy , curlt / , and plosty . Facts abundantly pro \ ed by innumerable testimonials , which are open for inspection at the Proprietors . To Oiildren , it is especiallyrecommended as funning the basis «< t A BEAUTIFUL HEAD OF HAIR ! :: Price os . fid . —7 s . —Family Bottle > ( equal to 4 small ) , 10 s . 6 d . ; and double that « ze , 21 s . OATTIOX . —Each genuine bottle has the words ROWLAND'S MACASSAR UlL engraved in two lines on the Wrapper ; and on the back of the MY « ijij > £ r nearly 1 , 500 times , containing 29 . 028 letters .

      Untitled Ad

      NOTICE TO EMIGRANTS . THE rndersignt-d continue to engage Passengers for First-class Fast-Sailing AMERICAN PACKET SHIPS , which average from 1000 to 1500 Tons , for the foloiving Ports , -viz . : — NEW YORK . BOSTON . PHILADELPHIA . NEW ORLEANS BALTIMORE , | BRITISH AMERICA , ir . Emigrants in the country can engage passage bv letter addressed as underneath - { in which case they need not be in Liverpool until the day before the Ship is * to sail ; and thev will thereby avoid ' detention and other expenses , besides reenriiiri a dieaprr passage , and having the best berths allotted to them previous to their arrival . For further particulars applv , }> ost-paid . to tJAJfES BECKETT £ SOX , North End Prince ' s Dock . Liverpool .

      Untitled Ad

      IMPORTANT TO LADIES . KEARSLEY'S ORIGINAL WIDOW WELCH'S PEMALE PILLS , so long aud justly celebrated for their peculiar virtnfs , are strongly recommended to the notice of every lady , having obtained the sanction and approbation of most gentlemen of the Medical Profession , as a safe and valuable Medicine , in effectually removing obstructions and relieving all other inconveniences to which the female trame is liable , especially those whk-h , at an early per iod of life , freqnently arise from want of exercise and general debility o / the system : they create an appetite , correct indigestion , remove giddiness and nervous headache , and are eminently ^ usoful in windv disorders , pains in the stomach , shortness of breath , and palpitation of theheart : being perfectly innocent , may be used with safety in all seasons and climates .

      Untitled Ad

      A nev < and important Edition of the . > U < nt Triend on Human J- ' raiUv . THX ForETtEXTH EDITION . Jus : Pul ) h > bu-d . Price 2 s . ( J . J ., in : i si-aJvi ] < -ni < J <> pe . and -eat frM-1 > . any jjhj-1 of th < .- Ciutrtl Kingdom on the reirript of a Fu ^ t Offire Order . fnr - . 5 $ . f ,. L THE SILENT FRIEM ) . A MEDICAL Wi . KK on the- INFIRMITIES of the GE--TX NEHATIVE SYSTEM , In J ... ih -are ; bt'in-: an enquiry into the concealed cause that destroys physical energy , and tile ability of manhood , ere vigour has " established her empire : —with Observations on the baneful effects of SOLITARY INDULGENCE and INFECTION ; 1-t-al and constitutional WEAKNESS , NERVOUS IRRI-

      Untitled Ad

      IMPERIAL AUSTRIAN LOAN .-Messrs . A . SCHWARZ SCHILD tmd Co . take the liberty to call the attention of their Friends and the Public in general to this Loan , in which they have a few scrips to dispose of , at £ 3 each , six for . £ 15 , and thirteen for £ 30 . No other house has remitted so much money to Great Britain , on account of these Loans , and they have no doubt that they will on this occasion receh-e the usual support of their friends . .. The distribution commences at Vienna , on the 2 d of December next . Letters addressed , Jtessrs . A . Schwauzschild and Co ., Frankfort-on-ilaine , care of M , Schwaezschild , Ploughcourt , Lombard-street , London , will be immediately attended to .

      Untitled Ad

      DR . GRAKDISON'S CHARITY PILLS . A KECE . VT DISCOVEEY FOB THE NERVES . PATRONIZED by above One Hundred of the Nobility . — By perseverance in this popular remedy , the trembling hand may become steady , the weak heart strong , and nervous irritability ( so often the precursor of insanity ) may be arrested . It has secured refreshing sleep { without containing one particle of opiate ) to those who have been denied that blessing for jears , and conquered the most obstinate costiveness and indigestion . It strengthens the stomach , purifies the blood , and restores the spirits , ensuring vigour of both body and mindl Caution . —The success ' of this Medicine , for every weakness or derangement of the nervous system , having caused imitations , the Public are informed that the words "Dr . Grandison ' s Charity l'ills" are enjjrnved in the Government Stamp , and cannot be imitated , us they t <> rm a part of the Stamp itself .

      Untitled Ad

      rpiIE never-failing effects of BLAIR'S GOUT AND JL RHEUMATIC PILLS in curing every description of Gout and , Rheumatism , have secured to them a celebrity unequalled by any medicine of past or present times . They not only give relief in a few hours , where the patient has been dr iven nearly to madness by the excruciating tortures of this disease , but restore to perfect health'iu an inconceivably short space of time . They are equally speedy and certain in Rheumatism , either ehronie or acute . Lumbago , Sciatica , Pains in the Head or Faee , and iudeed for every rheumatic or gouty affection ; in fact , such has been the rapidity , }/ erfect ease , and complete safety of this Medicine , that it has astonished all who have taken it : and there is not a city , town , or village in tho kingdom but contains many grateful evidences of its benign influence . The following recent case , selected from among those with which the proprietor has been favoured , is submitted to the public :--TO MB . PROUT , 229 , STRAND . Hurst , Sussex , Nov . U , 1843 .

      Untitled Article

      IMPORTANT MKETINT . OF TRACKS' IjELEi ; . \ TES AT MIE 1-T 1 ELD . ( On Wednesday evi-niu < r , >> ov . "joth , a numerous meeting of delegate * from the Sheffield trades was held at the London 'Prentice , to consider the proceedings of the meeting of merchants and manufacturers .. held in the < 'utlers ' -hall . Mr . Stones took the eJiair . The Ciiairma * would not offer any excuse for his incapacity , but vrouM endeavour to serve , them as ¦ well as he could . The subject was of vital importance . ; Even- well-thinking man was called on to place himself right before the public . After the calumnies heaped on them by the manufacturers , it was the duty of every member of a Trades' Union to uttvr his sentiments .

      Mr . Thos . Booth said , that the working classes hud been abused , . slandered , belied , and ill-treated last week ' s papers testified . The masters had departed from the subject they announced in their placard , and had turned upon the working classes , that they might act with them as they had done before , deprive them of their rights , and reduce them to degradation , misery , anu pauperism . One gentleman said that " Sheffield was a doomed city . " It'it was doomed , as many ancient cities had been , to desolation , he hoped , before it tell , the working classes would erect some monument to !> o read by a future Hunter , to commemorate that the working , classes were steadfast in the cause of humanity , and demanded their just rights . It appeared the

      gentlemen met on the subject of protecting life and property , Lut they turned Ironi that subject to the means of reducing the working classes again to that state of misery and vassalage of which they could not think witL-out horror . They offered no proof that the Trades' 1 ' nions had destroyed one particle of the trade , or that any committee had been accessoiy to any crimes against life or property . No such proof was pretended to 1 m- adduced , and " there never had l > een of a- recent date any proofs that could connect committees with such attempt * . The objects of ttie masters were tirst to slander , and , if possible , next to form an association to destroy the unions , however justly and righteously conducted . It was to be no consideration whether they were well

      or ill-managed . iNo suggestions were offered for their letter management . ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . 1 bbotson and others had said the trades were managed by committees , but none said whence those committees came . They did not s ; i \ that the committees were chosen by the members of the trades , every man having a voice , and that in what the committees did . they merely r .-irried out the resolutions of the body . ( Hear , hear . ) 1 hese gentlemen forgot that they were about to act on the same principle t j heniselves . They had seen what suit of wages the masters allowed them , what hours they worked them , and how they made use of the guardians to drive them back upon such masters as Mr . Ibbotson , that the poor wretches might supplicate him for leave to live at all .

      lie might be a friend to unions , but it was Poor Law Unions ; not to unions that enabled men to say , ¦ we will have so much wage , or do no work , and we work so many horn's , and no more . The principle the mns- ; ters desired was , to work their men a . s many hours xthey pleased , and to keep a reserve unemployed as a means to reduce wages . ( Cheers . ) It " -as the unemployed surplus that enabled masteiVXo bring down wages to the starvation point , lie had read a small pamphlet , from the Edinburgh Review , called " The Employer and the Employed . " It was chiefly in favour of the masters ; but it contained this admission , : that if , in a given trade , WO men were employed , and 50 men unemployed , it was those 50 who would reduce the rate , of wages . If the men had been

      getting 2-5 s . a week , the 50 unemployed would offer tc work for 20 s ., thus displacing the other 50 , and'gradu ally bringing down the wages of the whole . It was no 1 the employed , but the unemployed , who made the reduction ; and this shewed the effect of the short-time system , which enabled all the hands to be engaged , and left no 50 to receive wages . Let them remember that the treatment of the pauper was so cruel , thai they revolted in the streets . Let them never agair forsake the cause of humanity , and allow men to b \ thrown in such numbers on the parish , to be so treate < again . Let them rather reduce their labour to ai hour a day , than submit to such degradation . ( Cheers ; Sir Robert Peel advised , some time ago , that the should take their own affairs into their own hands

      ( Cheers . ) If Parliament would not pass short-time bills—and he deplored it much—let them who were adult do it for themselves , and the children who worked under them . ( Cheers . ) The masters had always attempted to take undue advantage of the men who confided in them . There never yet was a Trades ' Union sprung into existence , till the rights of the men had first boon encroached upon . ( Cheers . ) Every Trades' Union had emanated from the tyranny arid oppression of the masters , which compelled the men , when the opportunity served , to take advantage of it to recover the position from which they had fallen . There was division among the masters now . and if

      any concern ceased work , the others would take its ; orders . The manufacturers never could thoroughly ! unite . It was the more important that the men ' , should do so . Let their cause , their earnestness , be , one . Let them carry out the work they had so nobly begun , with a determination to transmit to their children the inheritance of a recompense for their labour , without too much toil . It had been calculated ] that two hours' labour a day by each person would , maintain the whole population . Surely , then , those j who worked nine hours did their full share , and any ' who worked less than two hours did not do their i share . He concludedby moving— " That this meeting ' I is of opinionthatthe arguments advanced by the' i \ , I \ I i ' j '

      Untitled Article

      merchants and manufacturers , at their meeting , ; the Cutler ' s Hall , on the 13 th hist ., was in a gre ; measure at variance , as respects the legitimate objec the meeting was called for , viz ., the better proteetk Of life and property ; that while the present moetij approve of every effort that can be made to rend < the aboye more secure , it deprecates , in the stronge terms , the illberal and ungetnerous attacks that h& » been made against associationa of workmen ; and th meeting is further of opinion , that the beat means < defence is called for , to guard more effectually unioi of workmen from such ill-founded and slandera imputations as have been ascribed to them . " Mr . Joiin Druky seconded the motion . On object in calling thin meeting was similar to tr

      avowed object of the late meeting at the Cutlers Hall—to coalesce for the better defence of life and property . There were plentv of moral means tc punish men who were inimical to the best kteresfc of the trade , without coercing persons or destroying property . This had been his opinion for some time : and had the manufacturers confined themselves tc their legitimate object , he should have applauded their conduct . But when he saw their requisition , he suspected they had other objects , and that , under pretence of protecting life and property , they insidiously designed to attack the Trades' Unions . It they broke up the unions , what equivalent had the manufacturers to give ? ( Cheers ) . From past experience they knew what would be their fate . What

      What was the state of the disorganised trades during the seven lean years spoken of by Earl Fitzwilliani ? What was the condition of the spring-knife cutlers , the table-knife hatters , the fork-makers and grinders , who were disorganised ? Many were on the parishbooks , and many more laboured hard , and scarcely got more than the parish pittance . In the fork-trade , there had been instances of men falling dead from real want . These cases shewed'the unenviable condition of disorganised trades , and if they were disorganised , no doubt such scenes would soon be seen again . At the Town Hall Mr . Ibbotson had said that he had no contentions with his own men ; that he

      treated them as a father , and they liked him . He niust have a very bad memory , for he had a controversy with certain trades about twelve months ago , when they had some very serious complaints against him . ( Hear , hear . ) He stated that , for nine months , when he had no orders , he employed 500 men . Those who knew Mr . Ibbotson , and could swallow that statement , hail surely no right to treat lack the Giant-Killer , or Sinbad the Sailor , as at all fabulous , ( Laughter . ) Mr . Sorby , too , with a g ood devil of egotism , Loasted of his liberality ; but a friend bad put him hi possession of a statement at which he was not a little startled . lie stated that Mr .

      ^ orbv had a penson working for him with both feet and hands , doing with his feet work that should be done by steam or water power . In consequence of this worse than treadmill labour , the individual was often ill . He did not learn that Mr . Sorby visited him in his illness , or gave Mm any greater remuneration , but though lie had a wife and four children , his wages were 16 s . a week . Other circumstances went to show that the greater part of the men in a certain trade did not get more than 16 s . a week , while other employers , who did not go to the Cutlers ' Jlall to boast of their liberality , were paying 21 s . This statement shewed bow liberally and egotistically gentlemen could talk when they had nono to confront them . lie said , with Mr . Booth , the workmen must

      stir in their own cause , for nobody would do it for them . The time was arrived when the working men , having got some leisure hours , should try to employ them well , and there was no better mode than agriculture . ( Loud cheers . ) The thing had often been mooted and lost sight of , but he trusted the trades would now take it seriously up . In many cases it had been found that men employing their spare time on the land had a greater command over the necessaries of life than if they depended entirely- on artizan labour , lie heartily seconded the resolution . ( Cheers . ) The CuAiiiMAN said , he was sorry he was placed in the chair , for he represented a trade , the saw-makers , which had received such insults from the

      manufacturers as few others had done . The greater part of the statements of the manufacturers were palpable 'falsehoods . They shewed that the working classes must protect themselves better for the future . Labour was the source of all wealth * It enabled the manufacturers to build palaces for themselves , to make themselves comfortable , and to send their clerks to the Isle of Man . Might it not enable the men to build themselves workshops , as well as they were built for them , and place themselves in a position thev were little aware of ? Mr . Broadhurst was

      sorry that a resolution of the manufacturers had not been carried out . That resolution shewed what they had to expect if they were guided by the rules of the masters , ami in what position they and their children should be placed . The masters had been disappointed in the effect of their rule , and now wanteil to see if they could not force themselves into it . ( Hear , hear . ) The rule was , that any man pot acting according tir-the wishes of any other manufacturer , should lie proscribed , and that no other should employ him . There-was philosophy ! ( Hear , hear . ) Mr . Wilkinson , table-knife hafter , said this was a meeting of much importance . It was necessary the public should know more than tho manufacturers had told them—that the public should understand what principles the Unions were acting upon , as Well as to repeal the assertions , without proof , made at the Cutlers' Hall . He was sorry the manufacturers

      took up the Unions in the spirit they did . They complained of the men using means to force prices artificially high , and turning the trade from channels it would take if free . But , in talking on this subject , they indulged the spirit they deprecated , and their object appeared to crush , in every illegal and unconstitutional way , the ( Dions they complained of . They recommended nothing , but talked about closing their manufactories , a-r . d luing able to say they had broken up the Union ;; . ThU spirit was a bad one , and . wa .- > likely to produce a degree of antagonism far more hurtful to the town than tho Trades' Unions . They had heard of Karl Fitzwilliani , after hearing the statement of only one side , state that the manufacturers of Sheffield had been compelled to refuse to an order that had been offered , because the men had struck , and the order had been sent to the continent . This was an order that

      would have come to his branch oi the halters , ior it was a table-knife-. order for Mr . Muntz . This tale had been repeated in the House of Commons and in the press , and had done harm , But it would have a contrary effect when the facts were explained . At the time of that order the hatters were working at a price the manufacturers had agreed to . The price had been fixed on a reconciliatory principle . The masters thought it little enough , and had promised that , in three months , there should be another advance . Tho forgers also had submitted to the wages which the / Masters had agreed to . The fork trade had had no advance . Their Union was then in

      embryo . The men were then getting no extra price , but only what the masters thought reasonable . The order of Mr . Muntz was therefore returned , because it could not be done at prices which the manufacturers had . themselves pronounced reasonable . It was not the workmen who had done it . And he wLslied this . statement , which In had from a manufacturer , to go abroad , that the price Mr . Muntz offered would not have afforded parish pay to the hafters and forgers . ' It was said that the order was taken to Germany , but let it be known that ^ it came bat ! v again , and the goods were haftod in Sheffield . ( Cheers ;) The statement which had been made should be exploded . Mr . Uki-ky said , it had been don <* in their reply to Earl Fitzwilliain .

      Mr . Wilkinson : The manufacturers told them that they did not object to the prices , but to their Unions . But if asked whether they could have the prices without the Unions , they answered they could not . Then it stood thus—Thev did not object to the prices , but to the Unions , without which they could not have the prices . Then down w nt the statement that they did not object to the prices . Their scheme was to break dowi ) the Unions , not by right , but by power . They complained of the restrictions . These were an important feature in Trades' Unions . The men did not consider it sufficient to arrange for a certain price . But regulations were needed to protect that price in perpetuity . They had , therefore , introduced the regulations of the Ten-hours' bill . Tliis was complained of . Thev were told that trade could

      not be regulated by hours—that ships could not wait on their hours—and that the loss of an opportunity did a deal of injury . He admitted this , unless the regulation were carried out as in his trade , and then it could do no injury . The hafter might work ten hours , and was not allowed to do more . But if a manufacturer wanted to pack by a given time , so that the non-execution of the work would be an inconvenience , the man was allowed to take a note , authorizing him to work all night , or 14 or 15 hours a day , till the order was completed , on condition that he should work so much less time , when he could do so without inconvenience . That-was their regulation . It was not a restriction , and he thought any reasonable man would consider it proper . It was not right that some men should be working 14 or 15 hours a day , while others should be on the fund , or starving . Instead of one man working 14 or 15 hours a day , it was better that he should only work 10 ,

      and the other five hours go to another man , so that all might have a share of the labour of society-. He hoped other trades would consider this plan . He j had heard of one manufacturer to-day , going to another , and proposing a p lan to beat the hatters , i forgers , and grinders , as they should not urgently ¦ want their orders getting up till the next packing season commenced . This had been told them by one to whom it had been proposed . Such was the gen ^ tlemanly and philanthropic spirit displayed . While complaining of coercion , the persons wanted to coerce the men . Before they were in union the followivg had , for seven or eight years , been the practice Li their trade . The factors , who had no sympathy with the men , kept back the orders to the last moment , and kept sending round to the small masters to see how low they could get the goods . At last they threw out a great quantity of orders . The men were urged to the utmost . They had to procure assistance . Men from the parish wexc set on , and

      Untitled Article

      by a great exertion , as 'hiany goods were cot up in three months j as now required six . This had been going on for years , and so low were the wages , that many men , having their wives and children working , got no more than 13 s . or 14 s . a week , and yet the men were so much worn out on a Saturday night , having got upas many goods in a week as they ought to do in a fortnight , that they could scarcely crawl home . This could not be done now . The regulation he had described prevented it , and caused a more regular trade , j Mr . Shaw , fender-maker , said their trade had a connexion in ; London , and tliroughout England and Scotland . They had a box all the way through England , and j they could stop the supplies , to their masters , as they had done , while they had friends

      who could furnish supplies to them . They were not conquered so soon as many might think . ( Cheers . ) A Representative of the Penknife Cutlers said he was the delegate of that poor , degraded body , the Eenknife cutlers , a name which for twenty years had een a by-word for poverty . lie had the honour last year to wait oh all the principal manufacturers , and he would give some account of their views . The object of his mission was to see if they would co-operate in raising the men from the degraded state in which they were placed . He began with Messrs . Joseph Rodgers and Sons , and had a long interview with Mr . John Rodgersj who certainly went over a deal of ground , and took a retrospective view of the trade . Tie mentionedithat his father was accustomed to

      remark how soon liis best hands , his spoilsmen hands , as he called them , became old men , having to toil many hours , and receive but a small pittance . It that was the ease then , how much worse had it been since ? There were articles for which Mr . Rodgers had been paying 24 ? . per dozen making , which small manufacturers- were making , with a deal of work , but not a useful article , at 6 s . and 7 a . a dozen . Mr . Rodgers gave i them every encouragement , and not only did so in : words , hut advanced £ 20 to form the union of their trade . ( Cheers . ) So much for a respectable manufacturer thinking Trades' Unions an injury , lie also visited Mr . Turner , of Suffolk Works , who expressed his willingness to concur as far as he ; could , and subscribed two guineas .

      Mr . Wostenholme was in America , but his foreman gave them every encouragement . They went'to another manufacturer , who looked ready for a rope or the canal . He had despair in his countenance . He said he could buy cheaper than he could manufacture , and he wished them success ; for he did not . know what to do . The sight of that man so took away his spirits , that he could go no further that day . The next day they went to Mr . Rowbotham , who was willing to do all he could in encouraging his men to join the union . Some talked of wishing te- crush the unions ; but if it were done , in a few months there would be scarcely a manufacturer of table-knives or penknives left ! All things would be turned round . He did not kuow what to think of men who talked of crushing the unions . He knew men who at present

      prices could earn only 8 s . or 10 s . a week , and yet were paying Is . a week to protect themselves for the future , and not for any present good . They did it willingly . They were sotjeoerced . When he was a young man , he knew a young woman who had a sweetheart . Her mother asked her , " What trade is thy young man V " A fine penknife cutler , mother . " " Pry'thee , lass , don't have him : thou'lt have nowt but poverty . " " Well , what trade must I have , mother ? " This set the mother a i puzzling , and at last she said a diesinker . " Well then , mother , " said the daughter , " I shall lie glad if you'll get me one . " ( Laughter . ) That young woman was no other than his wife—( Laughter )—and he mentioned this to warn them against letting their trades fall into the same state . ( Cheers . ) ; .

      Mr . Wilkinson again rose , and said that lately the table-knife manufacturers and hafters met , when the chairman of the meeting at the Cutlers' Hall was one of them . ; He said he hoped the union would secure regular prices , for the factors could buy cheaper than they could manufacture , and he hoped the reguLation of prices would enable him to manufacture again . Fromitime to time , since then , he had- been supplied with hands . His trade had extended , but he manufactured more and bought less . Therefore , it was plain his objection to the Union was groundless . The manufacturers , on the commencement of their Union , contributed £ 170 , to assist them in organising , andito regulate prices . Eighteen months ago , there were upon the parish books one-third of the able-bodied men in their trade . At this time there was notione . They paid a deal of money every Sattirdav night to the men out of employ , which prevented Iieavyi rates , and saved the men from , the poorhouse . Surclv this was a great benefit .

      Mr . Bi'xtos , table-knife forger , said he liked to be paid for what he did , and to encourage the same -spii-it in others . He trusted that the spirit they had shown would ihave a good influence . In depressed trade , the masters stinted the men . The men saw it suited the masters , and they had tried it for themselves . They found that it needed no more trade than they had had to maintain the men as they were maintained njnv . The men had adopted it , but the masters were'the first aggressors . The masters saw that it worked well . The men had now one-third of their time to cultivate their mental powers , and thus would become l > etter able to oppose tyranny . The short-time system was working well among the men , and it was desirable that there should be a

      disposition among them to work it with fidelity . They were now comparatively comfortable , but the attempt was niade to crush them , and the assertion that persons : and property were in danger would be startling unless met by counter statements , lie urged this was a matter of interest—their'own interest . If a foreign foe threatened , the country would call on every Englishman to do his duty . And should not their personal interest stimulate them as much as that of the public ? It was right that men should sacrifice their personal interest for tho common good . That they had done , but now he wanted them to arouse themselves to secure comfort for themselves , their wives , and children . ( . Cheers . ) It was for this that they thought and studied , that thev read the papers , and watched the course of

      events . They wanted to restore a better state of things than { that men should work long hours for nothing . If ; the men were adequately paid , would they allow women and children before they had learned to read , to go to the workshops ? In that case , should jthey see the masters resort to such dastardly means as this association to protect , life" and proper ty , and the bad feeling of the town increased by the declarations of some of the masters . Jf we get you down , we'll screw you worse than you ever have been . |( He : ir , hear . ) Let them remember the Masters and ! Servants' Bill of last session , by which men might have been brought before the magistrates for anything ^ or nothing . ( Cheers . ) If siieh a bill had passed , ; they might noon have seen the tune when the people would be as subservient as of old .

      The resolution was then put to the vote , arid carried unanimously . Mr . Joseph Wilkinson , of the file trade , rose to propose the . second resolution . He thought enough had been said to convince any reasonable men of the masters' error , and to shew them that . Trades ' Unions were , not the evii they spoke of . Short time was sakl to j lie a jrreat evil—he thoujrht it a preat good . He qutted from Wade ' it History of the . Middle and Working (' in . * . * , ' .-- , an illustration similar to that quoted by Mr . Booth , to shew that it was the unemployed portion of any trade who reduced its . wages . The masters ! might give over mr . iniiacti . irmg , and live on their capital , and they ( the workmen ) claimed the same rigliti ; ( Hear , hear . ) What master had a right to say he must work fourteen hours a dav ,

      when his health and comfort told him 10 hours were enough ( Besides , there was his neighbour , who , if he and others worked 14 hours , must go without ; he , too , if they worked moderate hours , would have a share . But the masters would remove their capital ! Where to ? To America ? The Americans would dictate to them more than the English , and besides would call the Bonn , and not master . ( Laughter . ) j Where would they make goods cheaper than in England { Cobbett said England was the cheapest labour-market in the world . He believed it was . Where but in England would they get a gross of scissors ground for Is . ' i Yet here the scissors were manufactured and sold , material and all , for 2 s . 3 d . ;! All the casting , grinding , putting

      together , filing , burnishing , paper , band , and eventhing included , was sold tor 2 s . 3 d . per gross ! Where would a ric ' . i man manufacture cheaper < ( Loud cheep . ) But they were told they had no right to dictate to their fellow-workmen on what terms they should sell their labour . He held that they had that right . He would suppose a case . Take him / to be a single man , able to do as much work as any man in the trade . His fellow-workman had a wife and three children . Their master had work enough for only one . They were paid , say one shilling a d 6 zen . Now , should he say to the master—If you will give me all the work , I will do it at 8 d . The married man might surely remonstrate— " Joe , thou'lt starve me to death . It may do for a single

      man like thee , but we can ' t live on that . " He said , the man had a right to try to persuade him to stand up for the maintenance of the Is ., and if he did not do it , he should be a rogue . He met his own master one day—a ; man who was always willing to pay the price , though he very probably required- a ghitimg's worth for a shillinjr—and he said to him , why don't you spend I your time and energies in making those pay the price who do not pay it i Look at bo and so ; make them pay the price . That was what they were aiming to I do . The men who wanted to crush the Unions were those who wanted to get rich in a few years ; the bold speculators , who had several sobs ,

      and must have a fortune for each , as well as a portion for each d aughter . They hasted to be rich , and so fell into telnptation , and the snare of the devil ; and it would be well if they were not drowned in perdition . Suqh men cared and felt for none but self , while they must feel for their wives and children . He had heard of one gentleman saying , " I have beat my men single-handed . " ( Laughter . ) When the people were all rejoicing that peace was made , and Napoleon j sent to St . Helena , old Cobbett said , " Don't be so ready to Bit down to the feast-ythe shot ' s to pay yet . " ( Laughter . ) And so he said to the gentlemen who niftde this boast . He , had a reeo-

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      lution to move , which he did not expect to be complied with . He raoyed-r" That it is the opinion of this meeting that a public meeting of the inhabitant of this town be convened as early as possible , and aa invitation sent to the party who met at the Cutlers ' Hall , to discuss certain propositions- ^ HeaTj hear . ) - * which will be submitted to them through the medium of the public press . " ( Cheers . ) He beliered the challenge would not be met . He believed '' the manufacturers hated the lightr—they knew why . ( Loud laughter . ) Mr . Taylor , edge-tool grinder , seconded the motion . Man was ordained to eat bread by the sweat of his brow . But the famished looks they nad seen during the last seven years shewed that tiey coald not always get bread by that means .

      Mr . Wilkinson again rose , and said , as to 3 hort time , he wished to advise how they should deal with those opposed io it . If there was one out of twelve in a shop who would not comply , let them not call him " knobstick , " or do any thing to make him uncomfortable . But at night , when the time to leav » work arrived , let the eleven quietly put their coats on , and leave him alone , and they might rely upon it he would not stand it long , but would cease to be a knobstick , and become a good man . He had long taken in and admired Chambers '' s Journal ; but Chambers was now publishing a series of tracts , and one was on " 'Die Employers and the Employed . " It was a one-sided concern , and he lielieved had been issued from Ciiambers ' s press , knowing that it would

      thus gain a greater circulation than through any other medium . The resolution was then put and earned . Mr . Geo . ( rALMMORK said , if it was not so late , h should have wished to draw attention to the article in the Indepciui < iit on Trades' Unions , which he conceived to be as slanderous an attack as the speeches at the , meet ing . He hoped there would be another opportunity to go into its merits . A Delegate from the Spring-knife Cutlers , concurred in this complaint . Their proceedings were not duly reported , and till they had a press of their own , things would be no better . Things were strangled year after year by editors , who turned everything to suit their party . The press abetted the tyranny that was bringing the working classes to starvation .

      Mr . T . Booth moved , that a committee of seven be named , to prepare the propositions for discussion , to fix the time of the meeting , and to invite the masters to attend . Mr . Druiiy seconded the motion . An amendment was proposed to substitute nine for seven . The mover assented to the change , and the motion was carried . The Committee was nominated as follows : —Messrs . Thomas Boot ! ,, John Drury , Stones , W . Broadhead , Buxton , B . Lifctlewood , John Taylor , G . Wilkinson , and W . Pryor . —Carried unanimously . Mr . Drurt then read the following letter from Mr . Duncombe . — The Albany , Nov . 10 th . 1844 .

      Dear Sir , —On my return to town , 1 found -your note , accompanied by the Pamphlet containing your reply to the speech rei-ently delivered by Lord Fitzwilliam at the Catlers' Feast , and which , according to your request , I have perused with great attention , and tliink that it contains much valuable information , and is written witli great ability . It will require , in my opinion , stronger arguments than Lord Fitzwilliani has adduced , to induce the Legislature to suppress Trades' Unions . There can be no doubt that the Masters' and Servants' Bill of last session was an insidious attempt at that object by Sir J . Graham .

      I do not think it was brought in with that view , but b seized the opportunity of converting it to that purpose , wishing to direct it more especially , 1 believe , at that time , to the pitmen in the north . I should not be surprised if some fresh attempt were made next year ; but you , and all my kind friends at Sheffield , may rely upon a continuance of ' my exertions to defeat any attempt to prevent what I consider a just combination of the industrious classes . I am , dear Sir , yours taithfully , THOS . S . DUNCOMBB . Mr . W . Bkoadiiead moved a vote of thanks to th « Chairman , which was carried , and the meeting broks up after 11 o ' clock .

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      _ 2 ' ; V . r ^ ' ' % J ^ E Np RMJRN STAR , i November 30 , 1844 .

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      Lecture on Trades' Unions . — On Sunuaj © Tening Mr . West delivered a lecture to the trades on " Trades' Unions , and their duty at the present crisis . " The large room , Fig-tree-lane , was crowded to excess . At naif-past six o ' clock Mr . Morton Royston was called to the chair , who in a very appropriate address introduced Mr . West to the meeting . Mr . West , in a masterly address , which occupied nearly two hours in the delivery , traced the cause , origin , and progress of trades' unions , the history of strikes , and the causes of their failure . Ho then pointed out the necessity of a consolidation of all trades in the country for mutual protection . He shewed minutely the advantages to the various trades by investing' their funds in the purchase of land , to employ their hands either in slack trade or when they were on strike . At the close ol" Mi * . W' est ' s

      address a person named Cliife made some remarks respecting the Corn Laws , and the doings of "Swing " in the agricultural districts , which , he said , was doing more to bring the aristocracy to their senses than all the progress and intelligence of the workingclasses . Mr . West replied satisfactorily on the question of the Corn Laws ^ and showed clearly that it was the progress of mind among the masses that the oppressors , both manufacturing and agricultural , dreaded most . Mr . G . Cooke said they had had enough of the humbug of Corn Laws . What they wanted was some plan by which they might be enabled to become independent of the caprice and tyranny of their employers . As a great number of the trades' delegates were present , he would like to know if they were prepared with any plam to carry out the verv excellent recommendations of Mr . West . Mr .

      Booth , metal smith , said the trades' delegates vrere purely administrative , not executive ; they acted on the broad basis of political equality , and could not dictate any plans until the trades had decided on them . They could give their opinions ; and his was , that the safest investment they could make of then funds was in the land . He then shewed , with great clearness , the superiority of the land over manufac tures , as an investment for their capital . For the produce of the land they had a home market at then * own doors , whilst the peculiarity of their trade made them in a degree dependant on foreign markets , and the factors , who were the great exporters . After X many more very excellent observations , Mr . Booth sat down amkl universal applause . There were then loud calls for Mr . John Drury , the respected and indefatigable secretary of the United Grinders . Mr . Drury came forward , and , after complimenting Mr . West on his able lecture , took a review of the

      objections ot the masters to Trades' Unions , exhibiting the silliness of those objections in a masterly style . He next referred to the fact of the masters withdrawing their support from the Mechanics' Institution , because , as they said , there were Trades' Unions in the town ; a proof that they dreaded the progress of knowledge among the working classes . But they were too late ; the multitude had become enlightened ; their motto must now be " onward" until they achieved labour ' s honest triumph , and secured equality and justice to all : Mr . Drury sat down loudly cheered . Mr . Gallimore , razor-grinder , stated that he was happy to inform the trades present , that it was the intention of tlie working classes of Sheffield to purchase for Mr . Drury a life annuity , in testimony of his valuable services , and to place him beyond the persecuting grasp of tyrants ; this announcement was received with great cheering . After a vote of thanks to the Lecturer and Chairman , this g reat meeting , the most important ever held in the Chartist room , broke up shortly after ten o'clock .

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      Statistical Account op the Mercantile Fleet of the European States . —The following valuable star tisti < al table appeared recently in the 86 th Numbeof Lloyd ' s Austrian Journal . The entire number ra vessels employed in trade , in Europe , are $ 1 , 2 % ; an " the total amount of tonnage appeal's to be 6 ,-t 56 , S 31 The following shews the distribution : —

      Place . No . of vessels . * oni . Great Britain 23 , 152 3 . 047 , ** France 13 , 845 589 , 517 Spain 2 , 700 S 0 ' 000 North Russia Not given . 200 , 0 w South Russia 222 33 > Austria 6 , 199 20 S . MI German State- 8 , 238 551 > 1 tj Netherlands 1 , 195 275 ' ^ Belrium 289 & **?

      Sweden and N .- . nvay ... 5 , 450 * 71 - *^ Denmark . " . 3 , 036 1 BS ( t ^ Portugal 798 80 - * Sardinia 3 , 522 ^» ** Papal States 950 3 S ' : Sicily 9 , 174 » 13 . »» Luc-ca 180 *> , 0 W Tuscany 774 25 . 0 W Ionian 2 , 183 < ' ^ ( Jruece ... . ' 3 , 169 1 ^ Turkey 2 , 220 l 82 ' 0 W

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      87 , e . ** 831 EXTRAORDINAKY ARRIVAL OF SHIPPING . —An eX ^ ordinary arrival of merchant vessels has beeu regwtered at the Custom-house during the last few < &P ~ On Sunday above thirty , and on Monday tt ™ P **' ~ £ l ships were entered at the Custom-house . Ihej WB ^ from China , Sydney , America , Archangel , ^^^ St . Petersburgh , Hamburgh , Dantzic , and nearly *» parts of the world . Last week the average a " *™! were about thirty a day . The effect of such : a , r » importation of produce has caused great activity the Custom-house , and at the various doefcsi an «» mense number of men have been able to <***"* £ , employment . A large fleet of vessels has alao w * u entered outwards .

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      PlHATES IS THE INDIAN OCEAN . —AMSTERDAM . Jj ^ 20 . —A private letter from Batavia of * h e . *^ July , says : — " Several pirate Vessels have lately ^ appeared on-the . coast of Macassar , flia * & ££ . steamer the Phccnix pursued them , and had an e ^ % g ment with them . The pirates fired chiefly »* , chimney of the steamer , but did little d a ^ l % . an obstinate combat three pirate v ^ els ^« e » r . ..

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 30, 1844, page 2, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct835/page/2/