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Northern Star (1837-1852), 23rd September 1843, Edition 4 of 4, Page 7, QH)e &t>Mtv& ipatobemeui

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      Untitled Article

      TOOTEBSAL BW ^ Sra , —Tbe receipt of 70 m paper to-day has induced me to aelee * for consideration , as tke next remedy that Itu "been proposed for the removal of what has been found oppressive , that of the Chutists . To those who hare watched the progress of the agltafion for the Charter , It must be evident that , as a political movement , it is one of the m » st important ever undertaken by the people of any country . s ======== ^^

      PiSering bo entirely as I So "with the bada of Indi-Tidnal and personal rights on-which it stands , in cemmon with every other political Institution at present existing / rmayj > erhaps be allowed a greater " freedom in offering those remarks which occur to me , inasmuch sa they win jbe known to emanate not from any desire or intention to take part in the xn&vement ; bat that I may , if jwssible , render that assistance by way of saggetfion , which it is the common daty of every individual in society to give to hia fellow-men at all times ; and which is now so much more imperiously demanded , at a period when it mnst be allowed by all , that we are » the midst © f the most extraordinary greats that " ever oecnrred in any age , or in any country .

      xhal a body of people who have , when an emergency required ifc , registered themselves to the nnmber of three minions of persons , shall calmly agree , withont the slightest dixsension er confusion , to organisa themselves under the laws of the country , for the objects , by peaceful and legal means alone , of 1 st . Bettering the condition of man , by removing the -causes which have produced moral and social degra dation ; 2 nd . Providing fer Qie unemployed , ana to give mean * of support to those who are desirous of locating span the land is an event of no ordinary nature ; and obb that will be looked to most anxiously fer its results by all rants , classes , sects , and parties , sot only in this country , but throughout the civilised world . "When those persons further take &s their prin-« Jple » : —

      1 st That it is necessary to subject those who have Sie power of making the laws , to a strict responsibility to those who an required to -obey them when made . 2 nd . That this responsibility can be best enforced through the instrumentality of a body fwinrnitlng from , and Subject to , the whole people . Srd . That tins representation mnst include the suffrage ef all stales who save arrived at the age ef twentyone . 4 th . That the tout shall be confided to the representative for one year only . 5 th . That the represented shall be protected in the exercise of his right to private voting . 6 th . That the choicejaf the electors alone is a sufficient test for qualification . 7 th . That the elected shall receive payment for their services .

      8 th . That there be equal eHecterial districts ; they take a stand or position from which nothing that has hitherto appeared in the political world can possibly dialpdgfrlhem . Thtre 5 a , however , one word contained in these principles on which I must make a few remarks ; not with « iy view of fault-finding at the course taken ; for 1 have bo doubt but the policy , or otherwise , has been well considered by those who have drawn up the Consti tution sad law *; . bat it is worthy of our most serious consideration , that it has been deemed necessary to put the word " males" in the third clause imtfflrt of ** ¦ persons .

      Reflection on the nature and constitution of ™» t » or society must tend to convince all of us that our raw win never be far progressed in the true path until the civil distinctions of sex , as well as all other distinctions , are abolished . The reformer who can leave one half of the human race to draw down and weaken the other , by remaining either in ignorance or subjection , so as to be deprived of what are considered the just rights of humanity , win find , in an age like the present , that he has not that generous confidence in the true state of the paHie mind that is necessary to allow him to bring all

      his power into the field . I know it may be urged , and perhaps truly , that women are not yet in a state fit for the exercise of these rights ; and it would tend to . bring the present movement into confusion to admit them ; but let Ibis be the greater stimulus to us individually sod collectively , immediately to set ourselves to the task of making women fit to be oar companions , associates , and advisers in everything we undertake : for we rosy depend on it that we are acting contrary to those immutable laws which g » vern the universe , if we ever expect to elevate the condition of man , and in our attempt leave woman unnoticed 01 unattended to .

      This Blatter appears to me so vitally important that 2 cannot refrain dwelling upen it at some length : We all know that women are , " by the laws ol our being , in possession of -great power over every action we perform ; and if their faculties are not cultivated to the highest extent , morally , intellectually , and physically , we shall in vain look for that superior degree of e * i * t * n ** which , in the eloquent language of the address of the Conference , is now shown to be so easily attainable . A . body bo numerous and intelligent as the Chartists are , with such objects and principles before the world ; cannot fail to obtain what they seek , provided their -Oiganiatisn and Executive are equal to the other portions Of tJ * o vmfJhftmxTj

      With regard to the Organization , your readers wfll all know that it is not on that principle which I consider thi best ; but I must freelj own that it i > far in advance of what any one had a right to expect would have been obtained in so short a time ; and it shows aa advance in the right direction so rapid as will not fail to strike awe and trembling into the minds 0 / those who nave hitherto laughed at the efforts of the multitude ; and they win , in their tarn , begin to examine the manner in "which they can best prepare for changes 'which only a short timB since they would nave thought it mytnMBi to have supposed would happen , at the least in theii generation .

      Let the Organization which is now framed be honestly and efficiently carried into operation , and cordially supported by every member of the Association , and it wfll be found fully adequate for every purpose that wHl be required to remodel society : for whenever truth and justice ahaH have been found really to have erected a conjoint standard , every thing will so rapidly flock around it , that all the elements for providing every thing necessary for human redemption , will be readily supplied by those who possess them . In sH movements that have hitherto occupied the public attention , too much stress appears to me to have been paid to the procuring of funds , to attain that object in the readiest manner . Those who have not money , fancy that . those who possess it cannot be induced to part with it in any manner ; whereas nothing is , in fact , more erroneous . A fair per centage and

      £ ood security , will always command capital , whatever may be the object to which it may be applied ; and at the present period , " when the state of the money market is , as it is described to be in the extract yon have made from Mr . Alsopi Circular , to fear an adequate supply of capital , is to express a doubt of the intelligence or integrity of those to whom any busmess TnMter is to be entrusted ; or to fear that the capital so employed cannot be used so as to provide sufficient remuneration to pay for its use . In addition to the money to be obtained from capitalists , and as a acre immediately available resource , you wfll have si your command the subscriptions and donations of the members and Mends of the Association ; and if tke Executive can do their business in that unity , that vfll be-ultimately arrived at , these two sources will render them entirely independent of the necessity of applying to any other .

      I have not heard who are the Executive , nor am I aware whether one has yet been formed ; for * J have purposely avoided looking into the details , that I may not unconsciously be biassed by any personal consideration in my remarks : but whoever they are , I would desire to speak in that universal spirit which I hope win soon actuate us aU in the great duties which are sow evidently being prepared for n * , and through which I hops we shan an soon be fitted for the tasks we haze to perform . Friends , you have-taken upon you duties of the highest importance for the welfare of our common country and the eyes of aU classes in every clvilizid country will be upon you to see tke manner in which you perform them . Allow me to urge upon you in the

      strongest and most emphatic manser , the necessity of your timing to your task with that love for all men as your brethren that shall make you lay aside all arrogance and self-conceit , that may be in your minds . Let us all remember that the talents we msy respectively have bad committed to our cars are the creation of one power Which is entirelj iaeoiBprehenalble to us ; and that through *•>»» power alone are we daily and hourly sustained and preserved . Let us remember that this power hzs abundantly provided us the elements of support for all its creatures , air , water , bind , labour and Jfrfll , and that our fathers and brothers have already by the use ef those elements provided a large capital ; fb&t those things although now beld conventionally by individuals , can of right belong to no created being , and that yon -have , taken upsn you to commence a very considerable alteration In the hitherto established

      conventions of this country . Pursue your business with that seal and energy wh ^ a is necessary to ensure success in this spirit ,, and you will net long be wanting every element that is necessary for your work , If you can become thaywiffing instruments of the final Power that all mist or neceoity acknowledge , and can submit yourselves to act in strict accordance with its immutable ana eternal laws , depend on it that your efforts will be erowstd with s&ccess ; but on the other hand , if the imperfection of your natures shall draw you aside into the paths of personal * elnshness , ambition , or any other sues -that may . lead to jarty , partial , or sectarian *® nlts , you will be unsupported by your fellow-men , » 3 a fcihoe win iwrritably result , whatever may be for a time the apparent prospects is your favour . Above * E things would I urge upon you to avoid internal dis-*^* skhi ot division in your eouBcils , for if those occur yonr days wffl norrbe few Indeed . '

      " Besides these remarks to the Executive I may per-* ££ « T » exsased far jofierfng ariew to the General « cretajy Jbaving had some experience in such an office » h 3 st fiinBgtt ^ the Rational Sode ^ r . ; .-On the performance of the duties of-your office will depend very materially the \ progrear of the present aovesaent ; sad they wJU require all the talents you ^ iM ssi lunrew nrt , Ibe firrt pwt step to b «

      Untitled Article

      tSiLTSL ** ^ 88 CMe * ° efficient registeation _ oljai AW yWaffiPtnote wn& aoTWfc " nj t& 3 step alene can you always have before you for the use ef the Executive , the relative claims which Uib various members have upon the society for the regularity and . attention which they have given to its objects . The next is to secure with regularity and promptitude the collection of those funds which each member agrees to contribute ; and in justice to all this should be enforced by each during the time he remains a member . The third point I would suggest , is the value < A the greatest reguin the

      larity publishing accounts or the society ; and that this be done is the most plain and simple manner , exhibiting both the receipt and expenditure in such a form that all msy understand them ; and the fourth is the value that arises from the correspondence to your office being replied to regularly . For this latter purpose the columns of the Northern Star win afford much valaable assistance . There are of course an immense number of other matters that require your careful attention , and I hope you will have the suggestions of all who wish weU to humanity ; for yonr situation is one on which much depends .

      To the Chartist body generally I wonld say , friends , I do hope the day has now arrived when person&l dissension will cease in your ranks . Remember each of you that provided good can be effected , it is of little importance who shall be the agent for the purpose ; Inferring to the jealousies exciting among his' disciples , a Reformer to whom we are sow taught to refer with veneration , but one wh o in his own day was persecuted unto death , said : "he that would be great among you , let him be your servant : " and it is not

      unlikely that such advice if practically acted upon , would be highly serviceable in the present day . Your weakness has hitherto arisen from a straggle for precedence which win be sure to be awarded to you eventually if you are found fit for it ; for you may all depend that there is work enough to be done to occupy the undivided energies of every member of the present and many succeeding generations , before man will be at all satisfied with the position in which he is plased , either with regard to his moral , InteUectual ' or physical wellbeing .

      Your Conference have put forth a talented address to the industrious classes of the United Kingdom , to which they win of necessity respond , as soon as fan confidence is reposed in the Executive ; but there is one passage in it to which I must call attention , as it appears to me to contain a serious error . The address states , " We have only the fatal obstacle of unjust and usurped Governinterposing between us , nature ' s munificence , and the enjoyment of those blessings which the greatest efforts of national ingenuity have so magnifioiently \ accomplished . " This paragraph appears to me to overlook

      the entire cause of the eviL It cannot be in the Government solely ; for this is a thing of our own Conventional creation , and if we were all good ; and wise , we should make a corresponding government to-morrow . The evil is in ourselves ; and we must search deeply in our own hearts for a portion of the remedy ; the other portion must be supplied by altering the conditions or circumstances in which all are placed ; and onr daily increasing experience wiU be sure to point but to us the manner in which this can be done , more especially if we can set about it with that universal love to which I so often revert , as I know it is in reality the only

      We may depend on it that the Government of this country is , at the present moment , too much intimidated by the aspect of foreign affiUrs to desire to be estranged from tile people at home . Could they see how to accomplish what aU desire , they would be ready to make the attempt ; bat they have been trained and educated in a manner that leaves them unfit to guide the helm of affairs in a crisis like the present . We nave , however , no reason to despair j there is a power directing and controlling all these events for onr good , in a manner which , although for the present mysterious and incomprehensible , is not the less sure in its operations . Pursue , as you have lately done , yonr onward course calmly and confidently ; be assured that the universal laws are becoming daily better understood , and the rder in which we approach them must regulate the degree of happiness we obtain .

      I am , Sir , your obedient Servant , Wii / liam Gaihw Concordinm , Ham Common , Surrey . Sept IS , 1843 .

      Untitled Article

      TO THE CHAKTISTS OP NOTTINGHAM AND SOUTH DERBY . Bsother Democrats . —I now resume the pen in order to give you a brief account of my labours since I wrote my last letter . On Monday the 4 th of September , I delivered a third lecture in Derby Market-place , upon one of the remedies propounded by a certain party in this country , commonly called free traders . I had an excellent meeting , and spoke an hour and a quarter , daring which time I endeavoured to lay bare the many fallacies which have been spouted forth by the persons employed to agitate the publio mind in favour of a repeal of the Com Laws , and a further extension of trade—not only those employed by the league , and paid out of the hard earned pence of t&f poor and much oppressed factory operatives , bat belched out by the league itself .

      On Sunday the 10 th instant , I attended three camp meetings whleb were held on Qreasley Common , a place justly celebrated by the Chartists of the neighbourhood , in conseqnei-ce of Mr . John West being tried at Derby for & sermon which he preached on the above named Common ; the which sermon was set forth in the indictment as seditions , but as you all know , my friends , was not substantiated by evidence . Mr . West was therefore honourably acquitted . The first meeting took place about eleven o'clock , a . m . Mr . Harrison opened the business by giving ont a hymn . He then stated the objects for which they were called together ; and tailed upon Mr . Daman to address them . Mr . Dorman made a very effective speech which told well upon his hearers . When he had finished , the people sang another hymn , and immediately separated for dinner .

      At two o'clock in the afternoon , the second meeting took place , and the same preliminaries gene through . Mr . Harrison then introduced Mi . Tickers , who preached an excellent democratic sermoa . Your humble servant also addressed the people upon the character and conduct of the Christian Ministers throughout this eoontry . I endeavoured to do justice to their reverences . The people then withdrew to take tea , and assembled again by six o ' clock , when Messrs . Harrison and Dorman delivered two very spirited discourses , after which the people returned to their

      homes , highly deMghted with the day ' s proceedings . -The people of Greaaley are principally engaged in making pots , er earthenware , and getting coaL 1 am sorry to say , like all other places , they are oppressed , and ground down by those who have power over them , particularly the colliers . One of the masters gave orders to his overlookers and pitmen that they mast not attend the Chartist camp meetings , and that if sach orders were disobeyed , if any man "went to the meetings , and he found it out , he would instantly discharge him from his employment . And yet , my friends , this master is a Christian , at least , a professing

      one . On Monday , the 11 th , Mr . Harrison and myself proceeded to Burton-npon-Trent , and arrived there about four in the afternoon . On our arrival , we learned that the authorities had given orders to the constable to stop our meeting in the Market Place . I immediately went to the constable . As soon a * he saw me , he said : " Are you the person who is to lecture here ?"' * ' Yes . " "Then I am authorised to prevent you . " "By whose authority , pray ? " " By the authority of the Mayor . " I then asked if the Market Place was private property ? He answered that it belonged the Marquis of Anglesey . In the course of a few minutes , the people assembled : and I informed them that the meeting was

      not allowed to be held there , bnt that I would proceed to Use water side , a distance of about two hundred yards , and address them . They foUowed , and we had a splendid meeting . My friend Harrison acted as chairman , and opened the business 1 b an excellent speech ; after which I spoke an hour to the people , but was during the time frequently interrupted by the constable ' s son—a young man whose " bump" of ignorance -was immensely developed , and , I assure yon , 1 did not forget to tell him so . The people of Burton are much oppressed and tyrannised over by their employers , some of whom threatened the poor fellows with instant dismissal , if they dared to attend the meeting .

      On Tnsdsy night , I delivered a leetare in Tutbvy to a numerens meeting , on class legislation . The peeple were very attentive to the discourse . There are a few sterling Chartists in the above village whose hearts are warmly attached to thb sacred cause of political freedom . The great bulk of the labourers ar « in a state of poverty , being miserably paid for their labour . On Wednesday night , I delivered another lecture in Derby Market-place , upon the Corn Laws , and bad a goodly muster of workies . The cause in Derby is b * - rinning to revive . nihtaddressed the of ttkeston

      On Thursday g , I people in the open air , upon the evil effects of class legislation . The meeting was an excellent one , and a ver 5 eatirasiastle feeling in favour of democratic principles was manifested by my hearers . The land in and about Ilkeston belongs to the Duke of Rutland . Many have gardens attached to their houses , ur cottages , as they are tenne J ; the rent averages twenty shillings a year for a cottage and one-fifth of an acre ; of land . Of course the parties who hold or live hi the cottages have built them themselves , so that the ponnd a year ebargea is to pay the ground rent . O ! Iwouldthat thousands of the poof fellows in Lancashire had their gardens to grow vegetables in the same manner as the men of Hkestos . -

      On Situraay , Hectored to the people of Borrowaah . The meeting : was not numerals , being the first held Uierafor Chartirt purposes ? or mauj ^^ aonUui ; another reason assignedtot'therthmness ' of the numbers : was , that the j > egpJe had been - often disappornted bythe lecturers wfcd Tromised to attend , bat ftllea in performing such promise . I = woald = advise my brother agitators , above . aU otherthmp / to bejpBW * Bal to their engagements . " . _ , :. ¦ > On Sunday morning last , the followiag resolution wa « proposed to Mr . B . I . Morrison da the Democratic Ctva ^ anTseconded by Mr ^ alU «^ bs * w « adopt the Plam of Organisation u agreed upon at Binaingnam and irill exert ourselves fo carry & isfto rffoct M won M its rorolmeat Is procured . "

      Untitled Article

      . ^_— -tit oetorejrou 1 exp-Brotke ^ PeniocrateUtltf ^ beUe ^ e it is calculated iiv ~ " ~— " * ' s ^ ^ ' « » iorio »* principles of human liberty , act up to it Carry out as far m lies in yonr power its every clause , and then you have the consolation tossy , that if it failed it was not through your neglect . I remain , as usual , Your fellow labourer in the vineyard of Chartism , Chhistopher Dotxx . NottlnghsjB , Sept . 17 th , 1843 .

      Untitled Article

      NEWS FROM NEW ZEALAND . The following interesting extracts are from letters just received from Mr . George Binus , late of

      Sunderland :- Port Nelson , Feb , 10 th , 1843 . " What would I not give to wander " Where my old companions dwell . ''—Bayley . " You will aU be anxious to know how I progressed towards my adopted country . We sailed from the West India Docks on the 1 st of August , 1842 , and arrived in the Downs a day or two after . We were abont a wesk in the Channel , encountering advene winds one day , and a gentle and favourable breeze the next , when the broad Atlantic opened to our view , and left behind us the dim and distant outlines of my fatherland . Home with all its enchantments rushed upon my mind , and as each trace of England faded from my view , the warm and gulshlng tear that unbidden rose , in vain gave

      calmness to my troubled breast My doom is fixed . New Zealand must be worse , if once again I tread my native shores . To think about return were madness ; and to weep over what we cannot now avert were folly . Courage } weak heart ! said I , though it be the courage of despair ; for it-were better to receive the stroke of fate with noble bearing , than to shrink and cower beneath its falling blow . We got a distant view of the coast of France in sailing through the Channel ; but on passing ontside the Bay of Biscay , along the coast of Spain and Portugal , we did not see a speck of land . The weather was delightfully mild , the skies were clear , a ; d the waters comparatively still ; but not still enough to keep away the nauseous filthy sense of squally seasickness . The worst feature of a sea-voyage 1 b ( barring

      sickness ) the dull monotony , boundless as ocean ' s self that prevails around you . Nothing interesting to the mind , unless it be the few phenomena presented like angels ' visits' to the eye of the naturalist Here we see a troop of porpoises , perhaps four or five feet long , leaping two or three feet above the water's level , and posting through the mighty ocean like couriers bent on some hasty mission ; of importance . They come very near the vessel , and are easily caught by the harpoon . We caught several , and most delicious food they are . Sometimes we saw sharks , grampasses , and whales . Within the tropics swarms of flying fish were glittering , with their transparent wings , in the burning sun . In doubling the Cape of Good Hope we encountered some severe weather , sometimes going at nine knots an hour ,

      under bare poles , with seas that threatened to bnry the old Bombay for ever . In the Indian ocean we were all alarmed by the bursting of a thunder-bolt on the deck of the vessel , which came down the mainmast , burnt the sails , and would have set the ship on fire , bat for a torrent of rain , which providentially extinguished it at the moment The explosion was terrific . Two men were brought into the cabin nearly dead , but ultimately recovered . I was just falling to sleep at the time , and when I heard that the men were struck by the electric fluid , I was on deck in an instant , discharging my duty in assisting to carry them to their berths , and administering restoratives . We arrived in sight of New Zealand , after traversing 20 , 000 miles of water in abont five months , and were landed ( after heaving too for tke

      night ) in Tasman ' s Gulph . The country is very mountainous . With almost a tropic sun scorching us , we have monntains covered with everlasting snow . Immense forests of trees , some ISO feet high , extend fer miles over mountains and valleys ; and the climate is delightfully pleasant , with skies clearer than in England , and the whiter milder . The natives are a fine race of people , bnt in danger of corruption from the influence of apsendo civilisation . Tall , stately looking people , they carry on a traffic with our colony , and bade in potatoes , onions , melons , fish , && , all of which they catch , rear , or grow themselves . They are not very nice about their dress . Sometimes you will see one with a coat without his trousers , or wearing a bat without any shirt ; sometimes one shoe en , sometimes one

      stocking only . They are remarkably peaceable , have a place of worship here , are honest , and always refuse intoxicating drink . They respect people who treat them wen , and would break their hearts to see ns leave their land . They respect people in authority , and call our Governor ' Wide awake ! ' This is now the 26 ih of January , 1843 , and I have waited till the present time for employment The Company bad no vacancies , though I got a promise from the Captain for the first In the meantime a gentleman here , Mr . Boss , a storekeeper , kindly offered to build a . store and stock it if I would go into partnership with a friend of his , a Mr . Campbell , of Edinburgh . 1 have accepted the offer , and we win start in a few weeks as butchers , bakers , and general storekeepers . I have paid , while bete ,

      10 s . a-week for a room , exclusive of board . I realised 30 per cent , by the goods I brought out , after paying expenses of sale . I am very comfortable , considering the distance from my native land . Mr . Boss has taken a liking to me , why , I cannot tell : it was not for my money , as my pockets were completely empty ; bnt , I suppose , he has traced some lines of candour and honesty in my looks "' * * * "It is now midsummer , and ever since I landed our rainy days have not averaged more than one in ten . We are not troubled with stormy winds at this time , and even gentle breezes are scarce . " * * * " Capital is wanted in New Zealand—labour is too abundant proportionately to the capital—numbers of men are compelled to work on the roads , and wages are falling , as the number of

      such men are rapidly increasing , and unless furmUff capitalists are multiplied , the resources of the colony may be soon drained . The celony has participated in the depression at home . The wages of the Company ' s men now are . 14 s . per week , and only one-half their lormer rations ; whilst mutton is selling at Is . per lb ., ork t ± , and the four pound loaf is . 2 d . Labour must be limited unless more capital is seat . Still the Company ' s labourers are better off than many in England : their condition would be materially improved were more capital embarked in agriculture . The attention of the Company will doubtless be directed to this matter . The excess of labourers , compared with the demand for them , though it makes their labour cheap , and is apparently , therefore , a benefit to the agriculturists and employers of labour , is nevertheless Sound to be

      a serious practical injury . Under such circumstances the labourers may produce bnt cannot eonsnme ; and without the latter the former must stop , Experience , however , win s » on correct onr youthful errors as a colony . We have energy and enterprise , hope and strength , an uncultivated country and a splendid climate ; our wants are few ; our living simple and rational ; we are not borne down by state debts and heavy taxes : we will therefore surmount existing difficulties . Our course is onward . I am in good health and excellent spirits considering that I am an exile from my friends and country . My food is milk and bread twice a-day , and I dine on pantakes or padding . I abstain from flesh meat , and am growing fat on this fare , and water beverage . " " George Binns . "

      Qh)E &T&Gt;Mtv& Ipatobemeui

      QH ) e &t > Mtv& ipatobemeui

      Untitled Article

      THE OPPRESSIONS OF THE "COAL KINGS . " TO THB EDITOR OP THE NORTHERN STAR . Respbcied Sik , —Knowing your willingness at all times to take ap the cause of the oppressed against the oppressor , I take the liberty of soliciting a place it your invaluable journal for the insertion ef the enclosed address , which has been extensively circulated in Wigan and the neighbourhood , by the " Coal King *" and their tools , whereby the publio have been led astray as to the cause of the coal miner ' s grievances . At the eame time a base attempt has been made to get the coal miners to mix up their question with that of defunct Whiggery . By inserting tbe address , and my reply , you will greatly oblige yours in the cause ol suffering humanity , Tbe Coal Miner ' s friend and the Public ' s Obedient servant , William Dixon . Manchester . Sept 18 th . 1843 .

      ABDRESS TO COLLIERS . As you are about to convene a meeting of the Coal Miners in Lancashire , to consider your present distressed condition , and to adopt such plans as nay tend to improve your circumstances , permit one who is a weU wisher to you and your families to suggest a bint to your leaders and to yourselves in general . Yon appear to forget , or wilfully keep oat of view the main source of your misery—a depressed and rained trade . Yon know , or at least your leaders well know from what quarter this ruin of , trade , especially tile foreign trade , proceeds . A very great majority of your class of Buffering operatives was determined by bludgeons , as far as your assistance could go , to place the individuals in power who have stopped the current of demand for your labour . They have imposed a duty which precludes a foreign trade ; and yet , with a strange infatnatipn of conduct and reasoning , you

      sup-, port ; . the men who have done It , and throw the odium of this depression npon the masters , who . could not , wiUipat bringing themselves intoyour situation , and thus destroying both parties , carry ou th eir business with a higher rate of wages . - None but the most obdurate can witness with apathy the distresses and privations to w . hach ' your class ar e at this tima / reduced . ¦ Though ! we are ' compelled to admit ; thatmnch of this is attributable io a -wasteful and wanton * xpenAUure of you ^ -ha ^ d earnings ; yet it is , wen known from undoubted f acts . that ^ the most Industrious amoBg joa cannot obUia a comfortable ssbsUteace for your families in the present > toW ot the ' coal tradt . Bufc . letjae advise you to | p ^ ItWrj ^ at ; tlie suatter la all its . ¦ bear ing * . Do not Bupposetbat MasUts can , by a sort of magic , conjure money to satisfy & heavy wages list i or raise the produce of your labour to the top of tiu ground wUhoat & market , tad witho > tf a wttaWe

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      S ^ SfJ ttMMdw keep the v « ry establk ' ot opewtion " nppo ' ti you la ^ oura 8 of aucceast u ^ Your leaders harangue you on the rapacity and tyranpy of coal pr oprietors as the only canse of your distress ; Dut a . little sober reflection must convince you IS " PW ^ y k ^ interwoven with that of your « SJ ' ; It ta a mdst SrraWonal and absurd expectation on yonr part to snppose that they can sink a large capital—nave their means of sale fettered or entirely Z , ^ yet pay the same rate of wages which a ? S 8 " ? "rtensive trade would command . You tnererore Wlth a singular inconsistency , arraign the !! ££ at th « T «» y to * of yonr judgment , who in a certain sense are your fellow snfferers , and exonerate « r ! L - ? ° Te ^ nWbuted to lay this embargo on yoar prosperity and comfort .

      You meMag together for the purpose of considering your situation and prospects is perfectly right and proper . None can jostly condemn it . But your principal attention ought to be directed to the spring of your grievances . Without this , you may adopt a tnonsand expedients , and your remedies will only be superficial in their character and temporary in their duration : resembling a wound slightly healed , bnt still rankling in an its virulence beneath . Let your leaders be consistent with their profaned sympathy for the P °£ \ them not be continually descanting on your sufferings , whilst they are lending all their energies to the support ef the system which is withering by ita pestilential Influence the best prospwts of both employers and employed .

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      stones . " And whilst be is hsrror-stricken at a few of the miners having the audacity to use tkeir tiuncheons on the polling booth , when tbe decision was given in favonr of the Conservative candidates—( a few of the coal miners were guilty of [ the unpardonable crime of Ideating with their truncheons on the booth something like the tune ef tbe « R ) gue' 8 March !")—has he forgot thot the faction to which he belongs have inundated the country with " bludgeon men , " and that they carried out their " bludgeoning" propensities even to the sacrin ' ce of human life at that election ?

      In , the third paragraph ; of this address the author commences in the first sentence with a vast amount of sympathy for the " distressed condition" of the miners ; and in tUe next , tells us that their miseries are attributable to a wasteful and wanton expenditure of their wages . He then goes on to say , fee most industrious amongst them casaot obtain a comfortable subsistence in the present state of the coal : trade . I would be much obliged to him if lie would reconcile these contradictions in his next I regret ] as-much as onr Anonymous Author can do the existence of intemperance amongst the colliers . But , thank 9 odt there is a changer coming over the minds of tlte working people ; and I trust the time is not far distant ) whe * they will be s > sober and intelligent as they are useful to-society . The * I am

      convinced that it will then be oat of the power a * the " coal kings" to deprive tfcem of their just rights , as they have done fer the last twenty years . But this sympathizing gentleman cannot but b » cogniaint of the fact that the coal masters themselves- have been the determined patrons of Intemperance amongst their workmen . In fact , if a man should stop from biswork for a day , the best excuse be can stake is to say ke was drunk over night : ¦ and this would be considered a sufficient apology for the aaster . How different if he dared to say he bad been to a meeting to consider what plans would be the beBt to adopt in order to improve the moral and social condition of himself and fellow workmen ] The consequence of such an avowal would be his immediate discharge from his employment . He is also aware , if he knows anything of the doings of the coal masters ia the neighbourhood ot WJgan , that several of the masters , notwithstanding they have goad

      and convenient offices at the works where they could pay the men las they o * ght to do ) , sand their hands to a public house , and there keep them waiting for hours before paying them the scanty pittance coming to them in the shape of wages . Can it be wondered at , taking all the circumstances of his lot into consideration , if he should spend the whole ofjhia earnings before he leaves the house that tbe master ! was the means of bringing him into . Nay , I have known many miners who bad such a dread of this temptation that they have sent their wives to draw their wages ; and often have I seen these poor females standing round the door of a public house , betwixt ten and eleven o ' clock on a cold winter ' s night , watting for the wages which was to provide them food for the sabbath and the following week . Therefore it would be well for our author and those in whose behalf he writes , "to cast ] the beam out of their own eyes before they presume to pluck the mote out of their brother's . * ' 1

      We are next treated with a vindication of the " Coal Kings" and a precious rigmarole about the prosperity of the miners being interwoven with that of employers , tbe sinking of capital , Jcc . ' &c . I would be glad if he wonld prove , to the satisfaction of the miners and a thinking public , that our prosperity and that of our employers is reciprocal . Experience tells ns that just in proportion ub the coal owners have been storing up wealth , in the same ratio have their workmen sunk in poverty , wretchedness , and misery . One of those men that has " sunk so much ] capital" was a hand-loom weaver : he is still living , and is now a large coal master . He has also accumulated landed possessions I would ask the simple question , from whence did this geat . get his capital to sink ? Many a poor collier can answer the question . I will give the publie a speci men of this gent ' s sympathy for those whose labour have made him what he is . i

      Some few years ago an explosion of fire-damp took place in one of his pits , whereby aeveial of his men were severely burned . It is a common practice in cases of this kind to give tbe men that are burned , buttermilk mixed with boiled oil to drink , in order to kill the flre in tbe month and throat The poor people had supplyed one of the poor fellows , who was burnt , with all the milk they had ; when this was done , one of them took a can and wentjte the master ' s to beg some for him : but what was the master ' s reply ?—11 hope tbe public will mark it well )— " We have some buttermilk , but we sell it—we do not give it away 1 " This was the return the poor miner got for braving the jaws of death , in order that this man might accumulate wealth , and become what he ia Another of those men

      who ( have suffered so much by " sinking their capital , " was , a very few years ago , a journeyman sawyer ; and now behold he has got a large colliery , keeps his gig , and considers himself of jsome consequence , and ia a veiy tyrant . The next we shall mention was a brewer ' s clerk . This person seeing that the coal trade was one that made gentlemen ; very rapidly , contrived to get two pits which were finished about tbe year 1837 or 1838 . One night having got as much drink as made him talkative , be said to ajfew of bis workmen " never mind , lads , when the pits are done I have got an odd £ 50 , 000 , and that will put a hole down Bomewhere else . " He has been as geod as bis word , and commenced another large colliery . Another gentleman , who twenty years ago would have considered himself

      rich if he bad bad a thirty pound note in his pocket Is now one of the largest coal masters in tbe Wigan district , having coal works in every part of the neighbourhood , and has got a handle to hia name in the shape of an Esq ., a carriage to ride in , and livery servants to attend him . Now we would ask with these facto before them , what ia the conclusion the public mast come to , especially when they see that year after year tbe wasting ] miners have been sinking deepeer and deeper in t misery , wretchedness and want ? On the other hand the masters have been rising in affluence and wealth , and accumulating princely fortunes for their children ^ Can they come to the conclusion of our author , that the prosperity of the coal miners is and has been interwoven with that of their employers ? Certainly not .

      The last paragraph of this address is scarcely worth notice . I will therefore pass it ever as britfly as possible . The author of it , however , tells us we have a perfect right to meet : b « t our meeting will be of no avail unless we go to the source of our evils . I am of the same opinion ; but differ from him as to what is the " source . " I know he and ; his party could wish us to mix up our question with their " crotchets , " as witness the doings of the Staffordshire coal and iron masters both in the past arid present year . " You have a perfect right to meet" What a change has come over the spirit of their dream ! How wonderfolly kind they bave become , since their friends , the Whigs , were sent to the I bleak side ef the treasury

      bench . How different this , whan compared with their doings when in the zenith of their power . The working classes well remember what tbeir actions were then ; and consequently know well how to appreciate the value of their hollow pretensions now . " You have a perfect right to meet" How very bind . But we have not forgot the transportation of the " Dorchester labourers , " and the " Glasgow cotton-spinners . " I therefore take this opportunity of telling this " Scribbler , " and through him the " Anti-Cora Law League , " thai the miners will have nothing to do with any other question but that of the ] Miners' Union . Therefore such feelers as the one he has thrown oat are useless , and will not answer the purpose .

      I will now take leave of this Anonymous gentleman and his address . I assert that nine-tenths of the death * which happen in the mines , from " suffocation by black damp , or carbonic acid gas , " or froji explosions of " fire damp , " are attributable to the cupidity of the coal masters . In fast , nine-tenths of tbe deaths that occur are neither more nor less than sacrifices offered up at the shrine of the god , Geld . In conclusion , I challenge the author of this address , or hiB employers , to dispute the truth of the statements I have made , at any time or place , before an open meeting of the pablio . *> On behalf of tke Miners , ' I am the Miner ' s Friend , ( and tbe Public's obedient Servant , ! ! WK . DTXOj * . Manchester , Sept . 18 th , 1843 .

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      THE MINERS OP CUMBERLAND TO THE MINERS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND . ! Friends and Brethren , —We have been now a month without work , in defence of oar common cause . Our masters knowing of our depressed circumstances , occasioned by the many reductions which they ; bays made in our wages , united themselves in a bond of one hundrsd pounds , to each and all refuse employment to any man belonging to the union . They issued a paper binding us not to belong to the union , which we must either Bign or cease ! to work . We choose the latter alternative , and are now wholly depending upon your sympathy for support . Will you allow the men of Cumberland to be in battle array against you , as we- mast be , if our tyrannical employers force us into compliance ? We trust not , brethren . Your own interests demand that we should be

      aided . : We bave received the following sums ,: —Wing ate £ 10 ; Rainton , £ 6 2 s ; East CramUngton , £ 5 3 s . 6 d ; Cassopi £ 5 ; New Darham , £ 4 ; Heaton , £ 3 18 s ; Leaton Dalivel , £ 2 8 s ; Ravenswoctb , £ l 13 s ; Hebburn , £ l 8 s . 6 d ; Coxlodge , £ i 6 s . 74 ; Whltley , £ 1 3 a , 8 d ; Walker , £ 1 ; Walldrege Fell , £ 1 ; Shincliffe , £ 1 7 sjOakwelIgate , 17 s ; Wylam , I 6 s . 9 d ; Weafc Stanley , 14 s . lffjd ; SouthPelow , 6 a ; Morpeth 10 s . These are the sums we have received this week 3 b > the support of 1 , 500 menu Be up and doing a VJt&fa longer , and tbe victory is oars . Onward , an < $ we conquer ; baokw&rd , and we fall ¦ John Madihb , Seajtan .

      Tfoveizn Mpbementfi

      tfoveizn Mpbementfi

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      AMERICAN AFFAIRS . New York , Apg . 31 . Tiiere ia ft warm contest under weigh , in the ranks of the , Looofoco party , as to the manner in which the delegates to the presidential convention shall be cbos » . These conventions are to be composed of as many members as constitute the House of Representative in Congress , each state to send as many delegates to the convention as it sends representatives to Congress . . ' . ? Wow , the exoitiBgqae&tionin the democratic ranks is—how shall these delegates be chosen I Shall it be in each state by congr essional districts i Or shall each state elect the whole nnmber to which it is enentitled on the same ticket .

      • - The great mass of the friends of Mr . Van Burea are opposed to the project of selecting the delegates by Congressional dis-triots ; while , so far as I am informed , the supporters of all the other candidates are decidedly for the direct system-It is aow certain that both branches of the Legislature of Tennessee are Whig , and consequently that two Whig senators will be chosen to represent that state in the Senate of the United States . There is also one vacancy from Illinois in the United States Senate . This will be filled by a Locofbeo , The Senate wMl > then stand , until 1845 ( supposing none to die or resign > twenty-eight Whig , and twenty-four Looofoco or i > emoeratio . This result renders any material change in the

      tariff , in the next session of Congress , store uncertain than was anticipated . From the New York papers we learn that the agitation for the constitutional reform of tbe state is going on as warmly as ever . At the Tabernacle a meeting was recently held in pursuance of a call for » mass Convention there , made by the Reforming party . The Mayor of New York city presided at the meeting , and declared his adhesion to the object of the Association . The great patronage at present enirnsted to the Executive was , he said , one of- his Chief reasons for advocating a reform . As the Constitution at present stands , the Governor of New York is empowered to appoint 1 , 44 S > officers scattered through every town . This extensive patronage gives ,

      it would appear , a most overwhelming influence tothe- Executive , whioh is felt but not seen , being secretly applied through the instrumentality of the dependants , and their still more numerous subordinates . But the evil , it is urged , does not stop at the vast power which is given to the . Executive ; it also conduces to the filling up of offices with inefficient persons . It is impossible for the Governor really to have a personal knowledge and experience of all the individuals whom he is to appoint , and therefore he is obliged to depend much on the advice of others , whose recommendations will generally be found interested . Other peculiarities of the present state of the Executive and ef the Legislature were mentioned ad standing ia especial need of reform .

      . For the last week , we have experienced some anxiety lest the yellow fever should make its appearance among us . A vessel from the West Indies , loaded with salt , having sick on board , was allowed by the health officer to pass the city and go up the North River fifty or sixty miles . The country people became alarmed , and the contagion extended with the rapidity of lightning to the city of Now York—not the contagion of fever , but the contagion of fear . All , however , is now tranquil , it having been ascertained that the yellow fever on board the West India vessel was not yellow fever . Such is the official report of Dr . Vaohe , resident physician of this city , sent by ( he Board of Health to the place where the vessel lies , to examine as to the character cf the disease .

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      • IaviE * 6 ot .--An . jawiies * - *» * & < ffiJ ^ " ^ * before the BoroughCofoner , on tSe body of "a boy , six jeara M age . named John ; Hugh Dean , who , while runningJaffor , ^ hutfe i ^ aV ft » d > ! Brunswick pbok , » c ^ aiait 84 )^ : t f ^^ a pitaof deate which wore : Wine Bboi | r ; the ; qi ^ ; aiW ^ which * PP « ar . hive' ^^ KeWmostBegir / jentJ-v placed " one apon another ^ in consequence of ?« rhiob ^ the whole Wiumbled to the ground , and in their Tan ^ W ^ b ^ i ^ ^ ttr ofwbAOhinjuHea ; heJiea . fLr adjourned until deodftndbf ^ 3 o ^ oa .

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      THE NOR IJLSJJL STARS ?

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      THE COLLIERS' AHSWEB . Fellow Couhtrtmen , —In replying to the above address to the coa miners which has been extensively circulated amongstl yon , 1 am actuated by no other motive than that of doing my duty to myself and fellowworkmen ; and , at the same time , to set the public right as to the statements which it contains and the grievances of which we , as a body , have to complain . I will proceed to examine this wonderful production ; and In doing so I have the vanity to think that having bad betwixt twenty and thirty years experience as a miner , I shall be able to expose the false assumptions of Its author to the satisfaction of a discerning public .

      In the second paragraph of our Anonymous Author's address , he endeavours to make the publio believe that previous to the present Administration coming into office , the Ceal Kings wexe conducting their business in such an honest and praiseworthy manner , as to leave us , the coal miners , no justifiable cause of complaint ; and , consequently , that onr grievances are of recent date , having bad no existence , before the passing of the New Tariff . I will take a review of the doings of the " Coat Kings , " from the year 1831 to 1840 , during which time trade Increased to a greater extent than in any previous nineyeius of our history ; ind , be it remembered , ¦ that this was before tbe existence of the present duty upon exported coals . And if I can shew by facts and figures that , year after year , there was an actual reduction in wages , what becomes of the arguments of this Anonymous Scribbler , that all our / evils have had tbeir origin in , and are attributable to , such duty ?

      As my limits will not allow me to insert the doings of every coal-Hisster in the Wigan district , I will take one as a sample of the rest . This gentleman ia one of those canting , feeling , sympathising individuals , who are for ever bawling for a "big loaf" for the poor operatives ; and , consequently , our Anonymous Author cannot say that I have taken one of the greatest tyrants in the district for my specimen . In 1831 the miners were paid 6 s . 8 d . for twenty tubs , each containing three cwt . of coals . In 1835 , notwithstanding it is generally understood that twenty constitutes a score , tbe coal-master Insisted on having

      twenty-four from the workmen , but only allowed for twenty . By this means , he pocketed at the least , onesixteenth from tbe miner more than in 1831 . This is not all ; each tub was increased from three cwt to four and a half cwts .: this , too , in time of good trade . The four additional tubs , at the prices of 1831 , wonld be equal to Is . 4 d . ; and , farther , the tubs being one-third larger , would be for tbe twenty tubs , to say nothing of tbe six hundred weight belonging to the four extra tubs , would make 2 s . 2 id . more , being a tetol o ! 3 s . 6 } d <> which , added to the 6 » . 8 d ., would be 10 s . 2 ^ d . fer tbe twenty-four tubs , four and a half owts . each , according to the prices of 1831 .

      But what is tbe fact ? Why , that instead of 10 s . 2 id ., the men only received 7 s ., in 1835 , for the same amount of labour that they received 10 a . 2 d . for in 1831 ; or a reduction of 3 s . 2 ^ d . per scor e in tbe short space of four years H and this , too , with an extending trade , and before the passing of the new Tariff ; But tbe reductions did not atop here . Tbe tubs , being in good health ; Increased amazingly : the consequence of which was , a further reduction of one-fourth in the short space of two years—namely , from the year 1835 to 1837 . : I earnestly request the reader to carefully examine this part of the subject , and I feel convinced that he will agree with me that there is no class of men who have been more cruelly treated by their employers than the coal miners . I will now endeavour to lay this part of my subject before the public In so plain and simple a manner that it cannot be misunderstood .

      Ih 1835 a miner cutting two yards in a face-end , seven feet wide , could send-up from twenty-three to twenty-four tubs of coal , and his slack . But sach was the increase of measure arising from the tuba being continually enlarged , that in 1837 , for tbe same amount of cutting in the same mine , tbe some length and depth , bo could only send from seventeen to eighteen tubs of coftl , and bis slack . This the publio will see was equal to a reduction In the wages of the poor enslaved miner of one-fourth of bis entire earnings . This manner of filching from : the miner , the coal master considered himself perfectly Justified in

      pursuing . ' But at the same time thought it very wrong to allow the consumer to be a participator in the benefits of such robbery . Previous to this the coals were sold by the tab at tbe pit . Tbe worthy in quastion had the sagacity to perceive that notwithstanding he bod the benefit of all that went by water , they being sold by the pan , there was still the consumer in tbe home market , who was getting tbe increased measure for tbe same amount of money . To prevent this , he erected a weighing machine , and sold his coals by weight , and consequently pocketed the whole of the advantages arising from the continual enlargement of measure which the miner was compelled to send .

      Tbe next stratagem adopted to take away our earnings was as follows . In order to make ( as the employer said ) the men be more attentive to their work , as be was in great want of coal , sixpence per score mast be paid in the shape of bonnty . It a man sent so many scores per week , he must have the seven shillings ; but if be failed to de so , ; no matter what was the cause , be must only be paid filled , per score . The " coal king" had a double object ! in view by this : namely , to reduce wages , and get a stock of coals before band , so that he would , be enabled to tyranniza over the men with impunity . Unfortunately , fee succeeded ; fer tbe bounty was fixed at suob a standard , it was next to impossible for a man to get as many coals aa would entitle him to it ; and , being unwilling to lose from

      la . 6 d . to 2 s . in the week , he was obliged to work almost night aud day . Having accomplished his end , the master turned round upon the men , and said , " Tradeis very bad ; I have no demand for coal ; 1 must , therefore , take off the bounty ; but mind this ia not a reduction ; it is only the bounty that I gave you when I wanted coal . " Notwithstanding tbe fact that it was part of the seven shillings originally paid for the score ; and by this means he only gave 6 s . 6 d . for the same amount of labour in 1837 I to say nothing of one fourth of an increase in the size of tbe tuba ) , that cost 10 ; . 2 £ d . in 1831 . The next step was giving out wider riddles . The standud width of the old riddles was an inch and one eighth , or 19 wires across , tbe new riddles were an inch and a half wide , ot only

      sixteen wires across , for which he charged tbe men 3 s . 6 d ., although many of them bad riddles that would have lasted them for twslvemontna . This was equal to a reduction of sixpence per score , inasmuch as tbe miners are only paid threebalfpence per tub for tbeir slack . This i was followed by a reduction of threepence per yard , or fourpence halfpenny per day . All these reductions actually toek place when trade was good , and before the law was , in existence about which the author of tbe address makes so much noise . Bnt I am forgetting myself . It is time that I returned to the tubs again , which continued to increase in size antii they stuck fast in tbe conducting rods going down the pit . There , however , was only two ways of getting out of this difficulty : and that was either to

      make them less , or widen tbe conductors ; and I need scarcely say that tbe latter was adopted by the conscientious Goal King of " cheap bread '' notoriety . Tbe consequence was , that the taking tree was taken up , and tbe pit mouth made wider , and each conductor removed two inches . This was lu 1839 . Tbe tuba were now allowed to grow a little more , until the pit which was thirty feet in circumference was too small , and bad to be widened in several places where they caught against the sides . I will now endeavour to show tbe public the real condition of the miners in 1846 , and then leave them to judge if the ground taken by

      this Anonymous Lcribbler be tenable or not . In 1835 , tbe two yards in the face end made twenty-three or twenty-four tabs of coal . In 1837 , only seventeen or eighteen ; and in 1840 , the same amount of labour in the eame pit , and the name mine would not make more than from fourteen to fifteen tubs . I ask , with these facts before them , can the publie come to any other conclusion than this , that tbe meat prolific source of the miners' degradation has been tbe avarice and cupidity of tbeir employers , wh » have , takes every opportunity in their power to render their condition more and more wretched until they have bjoaght them to tbe lowest ebb of human suffering .

      In replying to this address I have no desire to enter into pah ; politics . Bat 1 , cannftt pass over , without f . word or two , the referenca wbJ f h the writer of it mak'ja to t&e lastWlgan election , " an , d the miners acting in . the capacity of bludiieon . men ., I ., d » ,, not deny that there were inlnera , In tiiat capacity on . that occasion . Th ^ A ^ pnymow ¦ gentlonian , knows well there are ; . coal matfein . twloBging to . fco ^ thp ^^ lag a ^ d ! Tp * y fMtion » in the nelghteurho ^ He i * also aware that they are in the t habit , tit . the time of an election , of marching their ntea into the town , under the respective banners of their " pet tandidatea , " But I would advise him forth ? future to remembe * the old adage of "those who Vm ia giMs-hQua ©* should beware , of , throwing

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      • ¦ " — - 1 *\ ~ ¦ ¦ Dean Chubch—On Saturday last Mr . Swallow lectured to the coliien in the employ oL Mr . Hulton , maglstiate . The large room ) &t the Qae « a - Anne , was crowaed ,. a great number b > jing unable to obtain admis sion , , An anjenrnmeni fcPifc place to the open rtr , where Mr . Swallow addres * d . the meeting aV greaWength and was loudly entered . The organisation of the coUiers la going on briskly h ^ re . Six weeks since not one was In the Union , now ; there is 125 enrolled , A large addition to the present numbers is expected the 1 next pay day , whidi i « but . once a aontb at this ooUienr .

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      Hamburgh , Sept . 11 . —The disturbances at the Milieriu Gate were renewed the evening before yesterday ; the interference of the military , as on the preceding evening , soon restored tranquillity . The tumult was the most violent outside of that gate , where a detachment of drag&ons received orders to use their arms , and several persons were wounded . A considerable number of the rioters have been arrested . Yesterday evening the necessary precautions were taken by the military to prevent a repetition of the tumults , and accordingly , though a great number of persons were assembled under the gate , no disturbances took place .

      Death op Voltaire ' s Gardener—Matthew Dail-Iedouze , the gardener at the Chateau of Forney , who had been in the service of Voltaire , has just died at a very advanced age . He possessed a number of relics of the witty Frenchman , and was an admirable cicerone to strangers visiting the Chateau—Galignani ' s Messenger . Naples—The whol e of the San Germano and Ceprano road , situated on the Neapolitan territory , is infested by a numerous band of brigands , most of them mounted on good horsey and all of them well

      armed . All the way from Capua carabineers were echelonnts on the road , bnt they were unable to check the brigandage , and bad been more * than once compelled to flee before the banditti . At the head of the band are three convicts who have escaped from tho galleya . Ktjssia . —We learn from St . Petersburg , August 31 , that on the proposition of the Senate , the Emperor , has issued a ukase establishing a uniform postage throughaut Russia and tbe Grand Duchy of Finland , no matter what the distance may be ; so that henceforward the tax on letters will vary in charge only according to their weight .

      African Expedition . —Private letters from Jiddah , on the Red Sea , mention that an Englishman , Mr . Mansfield Parkjne , late of Trinity College , Cambridge , is making preparations to ascend the White Nile , penetrate the Galla country , and strike across the continent to the Niger ! Our correspondent says , Mr . Parkyns is a highly spirited young man , and has bees some time travelling in Asia Minor . Col . Stoddart and Capt . Connolly . —A letter from Constantinople states , that " the impression is every day gaining ground , at this place , that the report of the murder of Colonel Stoddart and Captain

      Conolly , at Bokhara , is altogether unfounded in fact . All tho Hajjis who pass through Constantinople , on their way to Mecca , agree in contradicting this story , and state that , though incarcerated , these gentlemen are still alive . " The Rights op Despots , v . thb Rights of Man . —Political incarcerations have taken place in several provinces of Austria , Italian as well as German . The persons imprisoned are belonging , or suspected of belonging , to the sect of the Communists . The members of this sect are daily increasing throughout Germany , Switzerland , Tyrol , and the different States of Italy .

      Ascent 0 * Mont Blanc—AJetter from Chamouny states thai the ascent of Mont Blanc was made as short time since in a most rapid and successful manner , by Dr . E . Ordinaire , of Besangon , and M . E . Tairraz , ef Charmouny , and a party of thirteen persons . They left che Prieure at noon of the 2 gfd ; at half-past six in the evening arrived at the rocks of the grand mulct ? , which they again quitted the following day at half-past two in the morning . They were seen ascending by the old road exposed to the avalanches , and where the three guides of Dr . Hamel were swallowed up in 1820 . At half-past ten M . Ordinaire , who was in advance of the . other travellers with two of Ilia guides , arrived at the summit ,.

      where the rest of the party shortly afterwards joined them . At a quarter past eleven they commenced their descent by the new road , and at seven in the evening arrived at Chamouny . Religious Persecution . —Dr . Kalley , a Scotch physician , in the island of Madeira , haa been thrown into prison for attempting to convert the natives to Protestantism , by preaching to such of them as ehose to attend on hia sermons , in his own bouse , and in the Portuguese language * This imprisonment is very naturally denounced by Dr . Kalley ' 3 friends a ? an arbitrary and tyrannical proceeding ; but still it is very doubtful whether that gentleman was not violating the laws of Portugal , which barely tolerate the profession of the Protestant religion .

      State of Spajn . —The publio diligence from Granada to Madrid was stopped and robbed on the night of tbe 1 st insi ., near Puerto Lapiche . Viscount Bejijaand two daughters and twelve other passengers were inside . They were compelled to alight , and seraarn with tbeir faces to the ground for upwards of three hours , and were completely stripped , aad all their baggage and 1 , 500 dollars ia money carried off . Ia consequence of the great efforts made by the fisst magistrate of Puerto Lapiche , seven of the robbers were apprehended , with part of She effects in their possession , within a few hours of the robbery ...

      A DlSCOTERY OF K LaSOB RlVfcR IK AFRICA . — LieutAnaat Christopher , of the Indian navy , who was despatched from Aden upon » survey of the coaotof Afrioa , by Captain Haines , bias succeeded in' discovering a splendid river to the northward of th « riy « r Jub , which he entered and traced for one bjwdxed and thirty miles . As he advanced , he found ' 4 ijaorease io Width and depth , and , according to thftreport of the natives ( a civil and obliging race ) ib ; continued to do to for the next four hundred miles . The river ia described to be from two to three hundred feet \ wide , add sixty feet deep ; a olearmeandeibg streamy with banks ma high state of cultivation , yielding all kinds of grain , which are abundant and cheap . Lieutenant Christopher has named bis discovery the " Haines Biver . "

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  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 23, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct820/page/7/