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Northern Star (1837-1852), 16th September 1843, Edition 4 of 5, Page 7

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    • PARADISE WITHIN THJE BEACH OF ALL MEN WITHOUT LABOUrI BY POWERS OF NATURE AND] MACHINERY. Letter VI.
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      Untitled Article

      BIRMINGHAM CONFERENCE . ( Continued from our S ^ zth Page , ) ood feeling , intelligence , and morality . Meetings for ifBtiaesa ahall be constituted of these who hold cards of membership for the current qvmrler . None elie iall he allowed to take part in jbem , or Tote either toi the election of delegate to Convention , District Gonccil , or Branch Board ; or on any matter affecting y ^ e Association . 60 . Notices— No business , except of the most argent nature , to be determined by the meeting , shall be considered at a general meeting , without at least ieven gays' notice ; and at quarterly meetings do business jjjin be transacted implying expense or other reapon-^ aBty io absent members , -unless at least ten days ' notice thereof has been given . Such notices shall be mads to the Secretary in ¦ writing , and hung up in the meeting room of the branch .

      61 . Adjourned Meeting . —Meetings held according to i ijonrnment \ haH be devoted exclusively to the budness fox irhicb the meeting was adjourned . SECTIO 3 1 L—EtECTlOSS . 62 . Foia . —At eleeUons of officers , and delegates to Convention , the -rotes shall" be taken by a show of bands , unless s ballot be demanded ; and -when a k&llot j * demanded , the Totes shall be taken by the use of voting papers , -where more than one person is to be elected ; or by "the use of balls -where that is more con venfeni . 63 . ScntfiRfiers . —Two meinbers 8 haG be appointed is scrutineers , to receive the Totes and report the remit 6 i- Time . —An hour shall be fixed , after which no Tote shall be received ; and ^ very election ahall be flnnhed by the meeting then .-rambled , and without ad > jonrnment .

      SECTIO 5 IILr-QCOBTOS . 65 . Quorum of Boards . —Three of the members shall b % a quorcua ct each Board ; but such quorum shall be unanimous in all its resolutions , unless there be present a majority of the members of the Board . SECTION IT . —C 0 BBPSP 05 DE 5 CE . 66 . By Secretaries . —All official correspondence shall be condncted through and by the agencyOf the several rscretarles ; and so letter or document shall be considered genuine Hid ess expressed as signed by order and on behalf of the body ty -whom it is authorized .-

      CEAPTER YL—DISSEMINATION OF THE PRINCIPLES . 67- Missionaries and Lecturers . —The public promulgation of the principles and otjacts of the society shall be more particularly confided to salaried missionaries and district lecturers . The amount of salary for the missionaries shall be determined by the Genera ] Execn . Utb Committee , -who shall also appoint tiiem wheneTsr necessary ; and the salary of district lecturers * hrii \ be determined on by each district .

      65 . Examination . —No- individual shall be appointed to the office of district lecturer tv ^*«» lie is a member of the society , and until he has been examined as to his qualification by the District Council . He » rnfli produce testimonials-of good character . He ahall answer general questions ; and he shall satisfy the examiners that be possesses the requisite oratorical powers foz lecturing and debating ; and the District Council shall certify as ts bis fitness to the General Executive Committee , who jhall then make the appointment ,

      69 . Certificate . —Each district lecturer and missionary ahall , -upon his appointment , leceive a certificate of such appointment from the General Executive Committee j and upon any such lecturer or missionary resigning his sito&tion , or being discussed therefrom , fee shall deliver back such certificate : £ uch appointment , withdrawal , or diSHiiwal , to be published in the organ of the society , signed by the officers who usually sign official documents . No one but those bearing such certificate , or appointed by the District Council as a local lecturer , shall be allowed to lecture in any branch , or S 3 recognised as lecturers of the society .

      7 0 . Dismissal . —Any district lecturer or missionary shall be deprived of Ms office for neglect of duty , or such discharge of it as would injure tke cause which be was appointed to promote ; or on account of mental ct moral incapacity . Such ( i !« n' »« l to be by the General ExecatiTe Committee on application from a District Council or Branch Board , and satisfaction given that the case calls for such an exercise of power -. the dismissed lecturer having the power of appeal to the Con-Tendon , to the Arbitrators , er to both , if dissatisfied with the step . 71 . Local Lecturers . —The District Council may appoint , after examination , parties to the station of local lecturers , who , along with the district lecturer , shall be under the contronl of the District CotmtdL

      72 . Trade . —A general Tract Depositary shall be established ; and tbe Executive Committee shall make arrangements with some printer and . publisher for that purpose , and contract with him foi the printing . of tracts in a uniform manner ; such tracts to be supplied to the various branches at a per ceutage above cost price ; and also to agents , to be appointed in each town for lbs sale of such tracts . 73 . FuSicaiions . —The Executive Committee shall decide as to what publication or extracts from works will be best calculated to promote the objects and principle * of the society .

      CHAPTER YIL—FUNDS . SECTION I . —GESEKAL XXPE 5 CES . 74 . General fund . —A fund for defraying the genera expences of the Society , such as salaries of- General Secretaryj and njther general officers , salaries of lecturers , or missionaries , rents of Halls , or places of public meetings , ic ^ ic , shall be raised as follows : — First—By each member paying two-pence for his card of membership when he first enrols his name on the Society's books .

      Second—By each member contributing weekly to such fund the sum of one penny , either direct to the brancb . secretary , or through the class-leader , or Weekly visitor , as may be determined on by the branch itself ; or by paying one ubillipg at the 'time of taking out his card , and Is . upon renewing it , every ^ uartei . Third—By donations and contributions from friends : and by collections ct the general meeting for lectures , discussions , conversations , or entertainments .

      75 . Appropriation of General Fond . —The sums of - , money received by each Branch Secretary for cards of : membership shall be monthly remitted to the General Treasurer for the use of the General ExecuSve Committee . The General Executive Committee shall also be entitled to , and receive , one-fourth of the member's weekly subscriptions , which shall be remitted monthly j to the General Treasurer , by the Brancb Treasurer ., The other ftree-fonrths of the penny -weekly snbscrip- ! Eon , along with the donations , contributions and col- j lections , shall be lodged "with the Branch Treasurer , to ' be used by the Branch Boards for local exptnees , and i for the satisfying of the levies of the District Council j for missionary and lecturing purposes ; which levies j shall always be at . the rate of a certain sum per member throughout the district ; and when laid , sfeall be paidby the Branch Treasurer , to the District Treasurer , or i to his order . ' ¦

      SECTIOS IL— SPECIAL FtTXD FOR THB EMPiOTilEXT OF XHJ 3 H-EMBEBS OS THE USD . 76- Land Fund . —A fund for the purchase or rental cf land , and for tfa » erection of suitable building * , " » here necessary , and practicable shall be raised by subscription , from such members as may be able snd " * illing to contribute to such fund in shares" of £ 1 each , payable by weekly instalments of Id ., 2-i , 4 i ., 6 ^ -. 8-i ., 1 < H ., Is . each . 77 . Eacn contributor neglecting to psy bis weekly contrjfeuiiens to that fhTifl , utmU be fined for such neglect at the following ra > e : if his subscripticiis are Id . } 3 r week z—

      Por one month , one halfpenny ; „ two months , one penny ; „ three xno&tbs , fourpesee ; „ four months , eightpence ; „ five months , one shilling ; „ six months , one snd sixpence ; and „ each subsequent month , one shilling : snd if his subscriptions amount to 2 d- per week , he shall be fined double the amount , and so on , in proportion to the rates of contributions . And any contributor continuis ; . such neglect until the fines incurred thereby are equal ts the amount of all the monies actually paid by him to the land fund , such contributor shall thereupon be dismissed , and such monies shall be applied in discharge of the fines so incurred . But the directors or local managers . may remit any of the said fines , upon satisfactory evidence being given them of sickness , or other TD&ciBnt occas on -tor such ueclect .

      " 8 . Appropriation vf Fines—All sums aril ing from the payment of fines under the above rule shall form part ol the land fund . 73 . ChtckCard . —Every member * hafl be provided ¦» ith aehtck card , on which all contributions to the Jand fnn 3 * ball be entered at the time ol bis paying the game , and this canj whai ) be a sufficient voucher / or all sums so paid , until they reach the stun of one pottnd , when a certificate , or scrip , » hn ^ be given him , agreeable to the following Sana : — * AT 105 . tL CHASTBB . ISSOCIaTIOS POB . MCTrAi bbsitit . ( Enrolled under rtatutes 10 © eo . IT c 56 , and 4 and 5 William IT-, c 40 . ) Cerliicsie cf Lead Fund CoatribaiioM . H value £ nt , the OBderalgnwJ officers of the a * ove society , hereby * eni * 7 that member of the

      Ho ass paid to tee JW > ove f « nd the sum of po « nd , Kiiich . ha « been <» lj JfcgUtered in the ledger of &e sodety kept at this *? & «• This sum I * ttaarfer » ble to members , and entitle * & * « plder to participate in all the benefits ax > d privileses conferred by the lava of fee society , ob » jembers pjyiBgtotbeljid ftad . Witoess wr hands thl « day of 18 * Genwal Siewtsry . And ht ahsn racsiva « u& « rtitca « e f « mrcay po » nd so paid j aadffiay « ls » at jpy tiasiav * * wrtMeate Tor M ^ whote BHBifcB * f abans > Bid'Hp by i ? viD ^ In his "Pirate eerfificata , asd pwtng the expoufe * f tani-Qi » ioo toaai £ ronft « oabeof < hBQeBKal SKeeati ^ e ausiUee .

      Untitled Article

      SO . Deposits—The treasurer of each branch shall rejtularly transmit to the general Treasurer the amount of land fund received by him , whenever it amounts to £ 2 ; sueh transmission to be by means of General Post Office Order , and the expense of it charged by the Branch Treasurer to the . Lsnd Fund , and set forth by him in fcjg quarterly return . At the « nd of each quarter , the Branch Treasurer shall transmit with the quarterly return , hereafter to be provided for , any balance of land fund that may be to his hands . 81 . Investments by Trustees . —The trustees may put to interest any part of tke society ' s Funds on such security—pursuant to 10 Geo . IV- c 56 s . 13—as shall be approved of by a majority of the Convention ; or they may invest the funds of the society , in terms of the statute , until they are required to carry into practical operation the objects for which the society is formed .

      82 Disposal of Shares . —Whenever aDy member , or the widow or other representative of any member , or any person who has been a member , wishes to dispose of any share , sum , right , or interest in the society , any such patty may agree with some member willing to purchase the same , for such value as it may be worth at the time ; and upon their executing a Memorandum of Transfer conformable to schedule , such other may be elected by the branch to which he belongs , to hold the share , sum , right , or interest , so disposed of , and ail the advantages attendant thereon ; whic h right and interest may be held separately or combinedly "with any prior right or interest , as the member may think fit .

      83 . Transmission of " Memorandum of Tranfer " . TJpou any share being disposed of , the " Memorandum of Transfer " , along with the certificate transferred , shall be imaediately transmitted by post , addressed to the General Secretary , at the office of the General Executive Committee , together with one shilling to be paid by the purchaser of the share , to caver the expenses of printed forma , postages , &c 84 . Entry of Transfer . —The General Secretary , upon receiving from the Branch Secretary the " Memorandum

      of Transfer , " properly filled up , shall forthwith make the necessary transfer in the Land Fund Ledger kept by the General Executive Committee , and shall mark on the Dick of the certificate the name and number of the member to whom it hi transferred , proceeded by the wotds " transferred to , " and forward the doeumtut to him . He shall also sign a certificate of such entry , conformable to Schedule on the " Memorandum of Transfer , " and safely keep the same with the other papers and documents of the General Executive Committ « eL

      85 . Death of Members . —If any member die without having made or lef c a wi ' . l , and entitled to any sum not exceeding £ 20 the trustees or treasurer of the societyif satisfied of the fact , and that no letters of administration or confirmation will be taken out of the funds , goods , snd chattels , of such deceased member—may pay such sum at any time after the decease of such member , according to the laws of the society . But if three be so rule made in that behalf , then the trustees or treasurer may pay the same to the person entitled to the effects of the deceased intestate , without administration in England or Ireland or confirmation in Scotland . ( 10 Ge < x IT . e . 56 , 8 . 24 ) .

      86 SuuofKin . —U aBy member die intestate , and entitled to any effects according to the laws of the society , the person appearing to be the next of kin or representative of such member , and entitled to sueh effects , may receive from the trustees of tho society any sum that may be due to them according to the laws of the society . HO Geo . IT . c . 56 , s . 23 . ) 87 Validity of Payments—Such payment shall be valid with re « pfeci to any demand of any other person as next cf Kin of such deceased intestate member , or as the lawful representative of such member , against the funds of the society or against the trustees thereof . ( Ib . ) 88 . Recourse . —But such next of kin or representatives shall have remedy for such money so paid , against the person who shall have received the same . ( Ib . ) SECTIOlt III . —BSLIH 1 TED CONTRIBUTIONS , AKD POWEB TO BJEBOW , AT IHIEB . KSI .

      89 . General Contrtbutunu . —The contributions of members in moDty , implements , cattle , or such other valuables , as the Executive of the Land Fund may deem it advisable to receive , may be unlimited , subject to the following regulations : — il . ) Interest—Upon all suck- contributions of the value of £ 50 and upwards , members shall be paid half-yearly , on or before the 14 th day of January and July , three per cent interest upon the amount subscribed . ( 2 . ) Repayment . —Should a dissolution of the society or of any of its establishments be determined on , all monies and the fixed amount of other valuable contributed as above to such establishment , and exceeding £ 50 , shall be first repaid ; and the remaining balance , if any , shall be divided among the members , in the ratio of the sums oricisaUy contributed by each .

      90 . Tower to borrow . —The directors may from time to time borrow , by way of mortgage or otherwise , any sum of money which may be required for the purposes of the society . But any resolution to that effect shall bb agreed te unanimously by the aireotors , at a meeting held after fourteen days' special notice , in writing . 91 . Security —Every sum of money to be so borrowed , advanced , lent , or paid , shall be taken in the sane of the trustees of the society for the time being , and shall be charged upon the stocks , funds , lands , implements , bnildin ^ B , effects , and premises of the society , of whatever description , and wheresover situate ; and the same Bb&U remain as a security for the full payment and satisfaction cf the whole of such money , principal and interest , and also of the costs , charges and wxpences incurred or occasioned in respect of any mortgage , charges , or incumbrance , or in any wise xelatmg thereto .

      SECTION IV . —VESTISG OS EFPSCT 8 . 92 . In Trustees—All real and heritable property , land , monies , goods , chattels , and effects whatever , and all titles , secuniies foi such money , or other obligatory instruments and evidences , or muniments , and all right * or claims belonging to or had by this society relating to the land fond o . to lands , snail be vested in the trustees of the society for the time being , fur the use and bentnt of the society , and the respective members thereof , their respective extcutors or administrators , according to their respective claims and intererj under these l 3 « s . ( 10 George IT . c . 56 , s . 21 ) . S 3 . In Trtusurer . —AH monies , goods , chattels , and effects , excepting the land monies property and effects as above , or resulting from the immediate operations of the General Executive Committee on bshalf of the Society , sLall be similarly Y « sted in the Treasnrei of the Society . ( lb ) .

      94 . Death 4 "C — After the death or removal of any snch Tnj'iee or Treasurer , the respective monies , property , and trffoct ? above set forth , shall vest in the $ uocefcd : DK Trustee or Treasurer , respectively , for the same estate and interest as the former Trustee or Treasver hart therein , respectively , acd suijtct to the same trnsra , without any as ^ ignmest or conveyance whatever , except t » j « transfer of stocks and securities in the public fund- <> f G-tat Britain und Ireland . ( Ib ) . 95 . Bequests —Any bequest intended for tbiB Society for venrrai or special purposes , may be made conformable tu the form following : —

      Forn of Bequest . I bequeath onto the trustees for the time being , of the Kaiional Charter Association for Mutual Benefit , " enrolled nndtr the statutes relative to friendly societies , the eddi of pounds sterling , to be paid -with all con-f .-DUnt speed after mj decease , exclusively ont of such ) -iit t > f my personal estate , not hereby specifically cispuj-r-i of , as I miy by law biqaeath to bo evolent purposes ; and I hereby lawfully charge snch part cf nay « - » tate with the same upon trust , to be applied towards the general purDoses of ibe said society , and tfes TLcerpt of sneb trustees or trustee for the time btJD ; o : vbe * aid society , shall be a sufficient discharge for tbt said legacy ; ai .-d I direct that the legacy duty up = n ^ -hc *^ id legacy , be paid by my executors out of the -3 > i .- '" uud . CJ £ witnesses . A . B . signature .

      CHrXPTJ-R VIII . —OPERATIONS ON LAND . S 6 . Application of Funds . —The coatributions to the Lsdc Fa :, i ^ D . Ui be heid for . and applied to , no other use * or p-iryoB- * than the purchase or rectal of land , the ereeti = > & > f buildings , and purchase of stock and implements , and othtr things necessary to the carrying out of tee necessary operations , with the expences incident upoii the t- ' aainiD « or rental of land , and one half of the Gam rai St-ereti . ry ' 8 -whoSe salary , as payment for the trocb . rt or keeping the several accounts of the Lasd Fund .

      " 97 . Division and Appropriation of Land . —Whenever the Gei . frai Executive Committee shall have purchased or rented land , and divided the same into portions of say four acres each , and erestod the necessary dwvijjnrs . acd pnrrhased the requisite stock , with JHipltjuerjts aTsd all other necessaries for the dae occupation of the saroe , they shall appriss the general mt-iuKtrs o- tfce Land Fund , and specify the Dumber of families they have the means of piovidiug for , bo that a cub vambsr of the members may be selected from thr tcDcral body for occupation , in manner as ibliowa z—

      98 . Nomination and Selection of Occvgitrs . —All individuals ei »» .= » - ! by this society to be residents in any ot its estahluiimrni ? , under the conditions hereafter set forth , shall be selected fey a majority of the members of the branch to which they belosg : and it shall b # voluntary on toe :. ' parts . Smch selection of persons to bP so residbct Bfcaii be made at a gesenl meting » f the aub > bribers to the Land Fund , specially railed for fee purpose . The wsleouon shall be bj I » t ; aad tfee persons so tt £ * o : ed shall ocrops the land . SS . Terms of Oceapatum . —Wbeoeveia aerate * ia so

      fekcit d , be > h » -l » pa * r to thS estate , and e * tar npon the allotment faHen te his « h * r * by lo » . Be Aball execute tbeufeceisary instrument *» emtiUe hi * to oetupaUoa , subject to such tonditons as will « jso » a fair rotura for the etpltsl laid ott by the tontHj j Bach iastrBnieci bting a ktu » for e * tr ef *• Lead and Buildings , or Aand or Banding * , when tie land has beea bo » ght by tba society ; witft

      Untitled Article

      100 Sale of Lands so Occupied . —Whenever the Director and Trustees shall have purchased such plot or plots of laud , and divided it into such allotments , and erected such bnildifigs , and farnbhed each allotment with the requisite amount of Btock and implements , and leased the same" to the members so selected to occupy , on leases for ever , with the provision for the repayment of the capital advanced for stock , implements , and other things , over and above the fee-simple of the land itself and the fixed buildings upon it , they shall offer the same to public Bale , and eStct such sale ,

      carrying the proceeds of it with all its profits , after the paying cf the necessary and unavoidable expenses of such sale , to the credit of the society ; to be employed again for the purchase of more land , the buildiae ol more dweliings , the procuring of more stock and implements , aou the leasing of the same to more members of the socitty , nominated and selected as before provMe'l Tor ; such additional lands to be again sold , in like manner , for the purchase of more land ; until the whole of the members of the society are allocated on such lands , ia such manner , and on such conditions .

      101 Locality of Operations . —The Directors and Trustees t > hall , in tLtse purchases and selection ef occupiers , be guidbd as far as practicable , by the principle of providing , within each county , allotments for the members residing in such county , so as te render it unnecessary for a family to remove far from " home , " to places where different customs and different habits prevail . 102 . Members on Land shall continue to Subscribe — Every member so Beiectert ami made to occupy , shall continue to remain a member of this society , and Bubscribe to its funds , until the whole of the members of the Land Fnnd are placed in a similarly independent position with himself , snd the other general objects of the society are accomplished .

      CHAPTER IX . —ASSURA . NCE . 103 . The Assured Benefit from Mutual Aid . —The assurance to be effected by this society shall be the permanent residence on , and occupation of , an allotment of land , provided with the necessary buildings , stock , and implements , whereon and with which to employ LABOUR under snch conditions as will ensure the ocenpier the benefit thereof , and thus enable him , to live with comfort through life , provide for bis family the best of food , clothing , and education ; lay up for a fund against the day of sickness ; and leave his heir behind him in comfortable and independent circumstances .

      104 . Conditions—The subscription , payment , or contribution entitling a member to these benefits shall be in shares of £ 1 each ; to be paid in one or mote payments . or by weekly instalments , as before provided for . But any member not having paid up the full sum of a share , may be elected to ocenpy a portion of the lands purchased and leased by the Directors , under the conditions before set forth .

      CHAPTER X—ACCOUNTS AND STATISTI CAL RETURNS .

      SFCriON I . —FROM BRANCHES . 105 . Quarterly Reports—Each branch shall , quarterly , make up complete reports of the following matters to the General Executive Committee ; namely : ( 1 . ) A complete statement of the number of the members on the books of the branch , and the amount of funds received , and the arrears arising during the preceding quarter , on the General Fund conformable to schedule

      ( 2 > A complete report of the members paying to tke Land Fund , with the amount paid by each person to that fund , and the amount of the arrears then due , conformable to schedule And such reports shall be made up to and inolude the last days of the months of March , June , September , and December , and shall , together with any other reports which the General Executive Committee may require , be transmitted direct to the General Executive Committee on or before the 7 th of the next ensuing months .

      1 C 6 . Fine—If any branch should neglect to forward its quarterly reports to the General Executive Committe , with such subscriptions as may be dueat the end of the quarter , within one week from the termination of each quarter , Buoh branch shall be subject to a fine of half-a-crown for each week ' s delay ; and the General Secretary shall make immediate inquiry by letter , sent by post , as to the reasons for such delay , Such fine shall form pait of tbe General Fund . The branch so neglecting shall also be ineligible to send a delegate or delegates to the annual Convention . SICnON II . —FROM GENEKAL EXECUTIVE

      COMHITTKE . 107 . General Reports—Tha General Executive Committee shall make the following statements of accounts and reports for the information of the branches : — ( . 1 , ) A weekly statement in the official organs of the Society , of all monies reoeived during the week , from the several branches , either for the General or Land Fund , duly setting forth the same nnder tbeir respective headings , and making up the account to Wednesday in each week .

      ( 2 . ) A quarterly account of thetecaiptB and disbarsements . ( 3 . ) Hall-yearly statistical accounts of the state of the bociety , conformable to tbe reports received from branches . ( 4 } An annual cash balance Bhcet of the assets and liabilities of the Executive Committee made up to the 31 st day of March , to be laid before Convention at its annual session . Acd such quarterly accounts shall be made up to the last days of the month of March , June , September , and December ; and snail include the accounts of tho branches foT the preceding quarter .

      108 . Authentication . Every such periodical account shall be attested by the two General auditors and counter ^ ijmed by the General Secretary ; excepting the weekly statement , which shall be signed by the General Treasurer and General Secretary . 109 . Copies for Branches . —A primed or other copy of the quarterly , half yearly , and annual accounts , shall be forwarded to each branch of the society in the course of the succeeding month ; and the General Executive Committee may charge for each copy of such quarterly reports , tables , or accounts , any sum not exceeding sixpence . ( Slat , sec . 33 . )

      110 . Schedules . —The Schedules to be filled up by the branches shall be furnished by the General Executive Committee , at such price as will cover the cost to the General Executive Committee ; and shall be regularly filed in portfolios by the General Secretary , and annually bound up and indexed . Each branch shall keep a distinct record of each quarterly report conformble to . schedule — ; and the General Executive Committee shall also keep a record of every general report , account , or table . 111 . Quinquennia I Returns—Wi t hin three months after the expiration of every five yeara , after D cember 1835 , a return ofihe rate of sickness and mortality experienced in each estabJisment of the society , within Bnch period , shall be transmitted to the certitying barrister , according to the form prescribed in the schedule —~ . ( 16 Geo . IV . c . 56 , s . 33 )

      CHAPTER XI .-LEGAL PROCEEDINGS . SECTIOW I . —CAPACITY OP SUING . 112 . Suing Officers—All property and ffiVcts of the society , vested in the trustees or treasurer ( chap , vii . s . 4 ) shall , for all purposes of action or suit , as we'l criminal as civil , in law or in equity , in anywise concerning the same , be respectively deemed to be , and bhall in every fcuch proceeding ( where necessary ) be stated to be the property of the persous appointed to the office of trustee or treasurer of such society , for the timo being , respectively , in the proper name of such several officers , withoat any further desonption . And such trustees or treasurer , respectively , if duly authorized by the Convention or General Exccntive Committee , may bring or defend any such action or snit , concerning the properly , ri ^ bt . ot claim of the society as aforesaid . ( 10 Geo . IV . o . 56 . s . 2 L )

      113 . Permanence of Proceedings—Sach proceedings are not affected by the death or removal ol this officers so empowered to carry them on . ( Ib . ) 114 . Pr&ceeding before Justices—Proceedings relative to fraud and imposition on the funds of the fcocsety may be taken before any justice of tbe psace of the borough or county within whioh the society is held , or by indictment or complaint . ( S . 25 . )

      SECTION II . —WITNtSSES 115 . Evidence of Members—Ox * , the trial of any action or indictment , or other proceeding respecting iho property of the fcocicty , or in any proceeding before any justice of the peace , any member of the society may be a witness , ana shall not bd objectionable on account of any interes :. in the result . ( 4 . & * . WU . IV . c . 40 , s . 10 . )

      SECHON III . —AHBITRATION . 116 . Election of Arbitrators— For the settlement of disputes between the society &vd any member or person claiming an account of a member , reference fehalJ be made to arbhratioM , pursuant : o 10 Geo . IV . c . 56 . h . 27- And at ihe first meeting of the General Executive Committee after the rules are enrollec , five arbitrators shall be named aud elected , none of them being directly or indirectly beneficially interested in the funds of ike s « ciety . 117 . Entry of Names— -The nainea of the arbitrators shall be entered kfthe book of laws of ibe society as certified by the barrister .

      • 118 . Selection—In the ease of dispute , sot less than three of the said arbitrators shall be eh ° o 6 en by ballot . For which purpose the name of the arbitrators sbali bo written on pieees ef paper , and placed in » box or glass , aad the three wboa * names are first draws out by the eomplaisinff party * or eetse one appointed by i » cb party , shall be the erbiirators to decide the buui in dhpale , and their award * hall be nnaL 119 E * p * ncm—All expaioei attesding th « ajfeitratjen saail t ) t » * aid as may > € fixed by tht arkitrate ? 5 . 330 . Death or tftsUct—The place af any arbitrator dyikg , or nejjie » fn . g « r rgfusiag to act , ckall fee sm > - pke 4 by axetberftu » anatr te above .

      Untitled Article

      iTbiLfarir ?™? ' ^ word-Tao award of the befor ^ a fSi « f f ? foTCed by le « P ™<* dings , £ 5 ? f ? AJ » jP £ ? » ? rder ' adjudication of such award SI r ^ \ VeI atloQ to locution of such W" a ^ . 1 ? - * V . c- 56 . s . 29 . ) hv 7 ™ nf £ !! u * . ' ™ tices-lt \ on the application natoX tL ha > Vng a matter ' depute with the ffon L ^ 2 he r 1 ferfln < 30 of 6 « ch matter to arbitra-SdfiKrfft e * e * to > ontsuoh application being SKfiSrTX ° , the ne « leot »' wfasal of the tStSffi ma , ? any award ' Per * * so agt " o fus £ f ^? ^ » -J «*««» tf « 5 P ° *<* ; and Su ^ nTlfeS ^ Xl ^ ^ "

      CHAPTER XII .-EXEMPTIONS . FHOM STAMP DUTIES . 123 . Document * Exempted—The following doou-52 Sa ffn ?? ?^ fr ° m etaniP duties by ; he statute . ( 10 Geo . IV . c . 56 . s . 37 . ) Any copy of rules , power , warrant , or letter of attorney , granted by any persons as trustees of the society , for the transfer of any share in the publio funds , standing in the name of trustees . Any receipta given for any dividend in any public stock or fund , or interest of exchequer bills . Any receipt or entry in any book of receipt for

      money deposited in the fuads of the society . Any receipt for moaey received by any member , or executors , administrators , assigns , or attornies , of such member , from the funds of the society . Any bond or other security given to , or on account of the society ; or by the treasurer or trustees , or any offioer thereof . Aay draft or order . Any form of assurance . Any appointment of an agent , or any certificate or other instrument , for the revocation of suoh appointment .

      Any other instrument or document whatever , required or authorized to be given , issued , signed , made , or produced in pursuance of the statute . But these exemptions , do not apply to any society assigning to any individual any sum exceeding 4200 . ( 3 and 4 Victoria , c 73 . i

      CHAPTER XIII . —DISSOLUTION OF THE SOCIETY . 124 . Consent—This society shall not be dissolved or determined so long as the intents or purposes of the society , or any of them , remain to be carried into effect , without obtaining the votes of consent of fivetdxths in value of the then existing members of the society ; and also the consent of all persons then receiving , or then entitled to receive relief , or benefit from such society , either on account of sickness , age , or infirmity , or other contingency , to bo testified under their hands individually aud respectively . ( 10 Geo . IV . c . 56 . s . 26 . )

      12 o . Votes—Every member shall be entitled to one vote on the question of the dissolution of the society , and an additional vote for every five years that he may have been a member ; but no . one member shall have more than five votes in the whole . ( Ib . ) 126 . Division of Funds—In case of a dissolution of the society , the intended appropriation or division of the funds , or other property of the society , shall be fairly and distinctly stated in the proposed plan of dissolution , prior to such consent being given . The

      society shall not direct the division or distribution of its stock or funds , or any part thereof , to or amongst the members of the society , other than for carrying into effect the general intents and purposes of the Bociety , declared by the enrolled rules . But if any division or misappropriation of the funds of the society be made without the requisite consent , the trustee , or other officer , or person aiding or abetting therein , shall be liable to the penalties provided by the statute , in cases of fraud . ( Ib . )

      CHAPTER XIV . —PUBLICATION OF LAWS . 127 . Printed Copies—The laws of this society , and the several schedules and instruments relating thereto , shall be printed and published at the general expence of the society , and each member furnished with a copy , for which ho shall pay a sum to be fixed by the General Executive Committee . 128 . Copy hung up—A copy affixed on pasteboard or wood , shall also be hung up in every place of meeting of the society .

      CHAPTER XV .-BYE-LAWS . 129 . the General Executive Committee may enact such bye-la ^ a and issue sueb instructions , from time to time , aa they deem requisite for carrying into effect the general laws or tbe society , or for the right conduct of the business of the society , in any ot the districts , branches , or classes ; and such bye-laws and instructions , after being enrolled , shall he published for the use of the members of the society .

      CHAPTER XVI . —INTERPRETATIONS . In giving effect to tbe foregoing laws , the following meanings shall be assigned to expressions , unleaa either the subject or the context otherwise requires : — 130 . Singular Number . —The singular number shall include tho plural number as well as tbe singular . 131 . Genders . —The masculine gender shall include females aa well aa males . There , then , is the Plan . What next follows is the addresB of the Conference to the country generally , calling attention to it , and asking for general popular support .

      The Address of the National Conference of Delegates from the Industrious Classes , assembled in Birmingham , Tuesday , Sept . 5 , 1843 , to devise a Plan of Organization , for a Society to Enforce upon Public Attention the Principles of the Peoples ' s Charter , and to devise Means for their Practical Application . To the Industrious Classes of the United Kingdom . In no period of the history of our country , has poverty , misfortune , and social degradation , produced more fearful ravages on the moral and physical character of tbe labouring classes than the present . As a people , we possess , not only every capability of creating the most i superabundant supply of every kind of

      wealth , essential to the comfort of our homes and families , but we also possess natural resources in the richmesa of our soil , the immense and valuable products of our mines , which , if wisely and justly dispensed would render every member ot British society wealthy to tbe highest degree of secial existence . Secure from the calamitous ravages of war by the insulated position of out native island , combined with commercial advantages supremely beneficial over any other state in Europe—we have only the fatal obstacle of unjust and usurped Government interposing between us , nature ' s munificence , and tbe enjoyment of those blessings which the greatest efforts of national ingenuity have so magnificently accomplished . Our condition is without parallel in the history of nations . Our country naturally rich , has bten rendered by the triumphs of

      art and peaceful industry , illimitable in her artificial , as in her native , resources . Yet we are more wretched , insecure , and degraded as members of tbe British commonwealth , than the most abject slaves of despotic states . Science has been convened to a calamity by destroying the value of labour , while the immense wealth it baa called into existence , usurped by the richer members of British society , bare conferred powers of social oppression more peraiciouB , though more concealed in their operation , than the misery entailed by Government tyrauny . Not are the working classes alone the snffl-rers : no ! the shopkeeper , the humble manufacturer , the industrious and enterprising of every class behold their prospects blasted in the impoverishment of tbe millions , and tbe monopolising domination of immense capital .

      If , then , we desire the happiness , freedom , and greatness of our country , and tbe tranquillity of society—if we would avert the fearful consequences of civil commotion—if we desire commercial and rural prosperityif tha rich desire security for their property—the trades .. maa requites profitable emplojment , for his talent and capital—the war king-uisd just aad ample protection for labour—our position as a people has left no just alternative but the establishment of a full , universal , and pure representation of all classes in the Commons ' House of Parliament .

      The object of our assembling in Conference at this ppriod of public distress , has bteu to prepare a Plan of National Organization , by which we may unite the moral power ef the millions of our suffering fellowcountrymen iu one grand association to procure political freedom—guaranteeing to it the protection of Ia <" , and combining tbe advantage of uflvraicg to every workingman the means of investing his sayings with profit , security , and the prospect of ultimately attaining social independence . ; Fellow-countrymen , it is to your judgment , to your patriotism , your intelligence , we bow appeal . If you are resolved to free your homes and country , the instrument to accomplish thiB glorious undertaking is , to the best of our judgment , the Plan we have laid down to consolidate you morait power .

      With you now rests the success or failure of this great work . We pledge uuiwlven before the altar of our beloved country , to Make every sacrifice which * the obligations ot patriotism may impose , or the perilous condition of oar country nay require . We seek justfea tb . OMgh the lawful medium of jost' . y coastttttted government We htva declared that every lawful means shall be eapJoyed to : consummate the burtmnity ol our designs , In restoring comfort and free *

      dom to the acnappy'homee of the imtaattious niiUiaas . We deem it also oar duly , « n thin occasion , to express , in the name of the UForking' 8 laK >« s of Great Britain , osr deepest Sympathy with < mr Irish fellowsubjects . We asBura them that we regard thair atruggj # , for legislative independcute , bawd ob tb » eteoloral > ig&to ef all lasses of her p « of Le , as paramount Ib tb « pwgr « M of human freedom . And we shell ever f «« l it our duty ' awftliy to diaoourage the GovorBmeat , la any fttteafdb to Cdtrce by military fcree , it » peaceful tmd

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      myral efforti which may be id add to achieve the just aad tacred object of N . itional Freedom . ( Signed ) j James Dewhursb J . Eames J . W . Smyth W . Sale J . Linton 1 R . Marsden W . Dixon I J . Shaw O . Doyle j P . M'Grath Donaldson ; Henry Ross J . Chance '¦ George Virgo Divid Ellis' Samuel Large J . Robina , Joshua Hobson T . M . Wheeler Jonathan Bairstow F . O'Connor John Place L Clark ) G . J . Harney Hosier - R . H . Williams J . Mason j W . P . Roberts . Squire Farrer , President . K . T . Morrison , Secretary .

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      W . EWART , EaQ , M . PJ AND ONE OF THE EXECUTORS OF THE ) " DEFUNCT LEAGUE , IN DUMFRIES . I Oa Thursday , the 17 th instant , about mid-day , a profusion of band-bills was , issued , intimating that William Ewart , Esq , the representative of the bricks and mortar of the Dumfries district of burghs , would address his constituency and the inhabitants the same

      evening , in the Nuw Market Ptuee . The policy of this short notice was evident ; bu ? they must rise early who would catch the Chartists of that locality napping . The news that the father of the great sugar question was to be taken to task for hjs Parliamentary conduct , travelled as fast aa that of utojadvtnt ; and acootdingly , at six o ' clock , p . m . the body of ths building , which holds upwards of a thousand persona , was filled . About half-past eix the Member , accompanied by a bevy of his , supporters , entered the Market place , and shontly atieJWardB nonnt « 4 a platform at the further ead of the building , aad took his seat on a beach charitably provided hf tha nnjaagera of the Chaiiiat resdisg-room .. j

      The " Farliameatei" tbea proceeded to reader an account of hia stawatdsbip . j It wap decidedly a etuioaaaflbiT , and ranch bettei kited fox the oolauwa of Fwnh than those of the f fer : With a slight mention ef the Coia fcawi , aad » passing glance at tfce ' t « a and coffaa qjuatiom ;* it was toper at the beginafot , mpariuibe middle , sod sqmr at tfce end . buteeti , timt Ntuy sceotuii foe tb « « ir « mmstsance of its being , a * co « k »« y would Bay , aa « b a rummy speech . H » begaa , as a Hiatter of sobtm , by attacking the present AduUuiattauo * to atopping ah » t with their new tariff ; and

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      talfifcd of tbe repeal of tee Corn L 3 « vs aa ihe <* reat national question , which , by affecting the ve ^ y exjsttence of the people , took precedence of all tknrr'ical plans of reform . Then he came to the sagar 'iniea , which , if reduced , he said , wouid increase so m u- ? i the consumption of that article , as well as of thow-. of fea and coffee , that the revenue wonW be inoreass-- ! from that source , instead of baing diminished . Aft-r that followed some talk nbout the education clauses of tha Factory Bill ; aud a lou < dissertation on the Church of Scotland question , in crhich bo contended ¦ : •* the right of the whols people to elect their pvrs « , m . He concluded by saying that ho was favoarahle to aa

      extension of the suffrage ; bat that tb ? main object of the people should be the attainment of free trade in Corn , and by all means in sugar ; and mide 6 ome mysterious allusions to certain mighty nit- : « ff % he intended to bring before ParIfament next S -, !» & , although he did not condescend us particular .- Peel had better be on thd look out If we must t ? k" his own w . oi . -d for it , our member is a dangerous f jt > ow . He said too , that , from a high authority , he had information that the Qieen waa a decided free . r-dez . Perhaps he had it from the same quarter thrua ? li which O ' Connell discovered that her Majeaty w . m s Bepealer . The people didn't &sk him , hotrevnr ; they only laughed .

      Mr . Andrew Wardrop then mounted the perform amid the plaudits of the meeting . He said * h' \ Mr . E wart had remarked that Peel , on opening tht S ; .-don with mighty promises , as yet unfulfilled , had d < . v v : d the people . This he denied . The people r - > U . d neither in Pael nor Russell . He then gave a te -r ¦ . . ? of the measures of tbe lute and present Admins - ion , and reminded the electors that it was tbeir os ; , u mg , contending that a Universal Suffrage P . uliame ; :- ould not well be worse . After exhorting the people t > . s ' and by their Charter a * they had hitherto done , hi- observed that Mr . Ewnrt had acknowlerige < l th ; rinciple of Universal Suffrage in the speech just del : vtred ;

      he had acknowledged their right universally tc a v iioe in the election of their spiritual guides while Ln = wi ' ll strange inconsistency , denied their right to havo a voice in the management of their affairs of this worM . He went onto shew that , extend trade as they wt . » . jhi , it would only be & benefit to the people until the haunnet and the file had produced machines to do the vvntk , and pointed out the land as that to which all must . ouie at last But it is impossible to give anything hi-a a sketch of this brilliant speech —( even if you couii Sori me room)—which occupied upwards of an faouv ; -i the delivery , and was repeatedly interrupted by roo ^ -ia of applause .

      Ewart afterwards tose and attempted a re ^ ly , but miserably failed in answering any of the argiMi-r .: i of his opponent . Ia reference to the Suffrage he sd -: ied the working men to endeavour to raise tht- 'n ivea morally and socially , by joining Temperance S > - < .- ins , Ac ; , and then they would thus secure the t > u . i .: ' nse easily ; but the prig bad the hardihood to t > 'i ' 3 at , although not altogether opposed to Universal Sisti ^ ge , rather than endanger property , he considered . > . > . = tter to wait . The Secretary of the Association rose and asLtd the corn-craik whether it was his opinion that , in the ¦ vent of the people obtaining the franchise , property « .. uld be endangered , as he seemed to insinuate ? To tbia he replied that he had not the gift of prephecy w the second sight ; and therefore be couldn't say whether or not But he could nevertheless , tell us all &l »*\ tf the effects that would be produced by the introduoutja of Palish wheat and Brazil sugar .

      Shortly afterwards bis clique gathered ruua . < the Champion of F / ee Trade , and carried him off * ohls quarters , whence they elevated themselves " s <> ci ,. ; ly , " if not morally , by imbibing until a late hour , copious libations of whiskey toddy . Sweet William also addressed the iahabitantb of tbe spirited little town of Lanqubar , another of tht > burghs of the district , on Saturday , where he was further in * structed iu the principles of the People ' s Caiter .

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      DESTRUCTION OF THE NESTOKIAN CHRISTIANS . Tke tribes of Nesiorian Christians , who have inhabited tbe mountainous district of Ckaldea from a period earlier than the first invasion of that country by the Mahomedans , have recently been attacked and butchered with inhuman cruelty by the Pacha of Mosul and a number of Kurdish Chiefs . The Constantinople correspondent of the Morning Chronicle gives the followirg account of this atrocious massacre , and adds , tk-. tit originated in jealousies of the designs of the Ne&ioriaus instilled into the miad of the Pasha , by the rival

      missionaries of the Church of England and the Church of Rome , both of whom wished to supplant thd American ( Independent ) missionaries who first found out these interesting people , and were labouring faithfully amongst them . In consequence of rumours tbat the Americans , assisted by tbe Nestorians , were about to build forta iu the mountains , and ot mutual complaints addressed to the Pacha of Mosul by tbe English and Roman Catholic missionaries , that chief assembled an army ,, which he sent into the mountains to attack the unfortunate Nestorians . Tbe following is the account of the result given by the correspondent of the Chronicle : ~ r-

      Cokstaniinoplb , Ang . 17 . —Letters received tbe day before yesterday contain a deplorable acconut of the results of the united troops . They bad penetrated into the centre of theTiyaree district , burnt the villages and churches , destroyed the crops , and put the inhabitants of both sexes to the sword . Three , ox according to other accounts , five brothers of the Patriarch have been slain , his mother was cut in half , and bis sister horribly mutilated . The Patriarch himself had flea to Mosul , and taken refuge in the British vice-contmlate . Thus a sect which had preserved its independence

      during centuries , and had resisted the persecuting sword of lahm , when wielded by the mofctp&werfal and most intolerant of the fellowers of Mohararsadwhich , in its simplicity and isolation , had msicufined tbe doctrines and forms of a primitive church for about fourteen centuries , and which had escaped the corruption of religion , of morals , aud of character , so con ipiauou 8 ia all other Christian sects of the east—hr ^ > . ow , iu tbe weakness of Mohammedanism and in the strength of European Christianity , been dellvsred over to deduction .

      ( From the Times-J The expedition of the Pasha of Mosul against tha Mountain Nestorians has been attended whb tb <> most deplorable success , and that success stained , as was to be txu--cted , from the co-operation of his bnvage auxiliaritB the Kurds , with every sort of atrocity . Tho houses of the wretched inhabitants were fired , an 1 thuy themselves hunted down like wild beasts and exterminated . Neither sex nor age met with favour or mercy j tbe mother , brother , and sistera ef the Patriarch were the objects of peculiar barbarity , the former having been literally sawed in two , and the Iatt 6 r most shockingly mangled and mutilated . The Patriarch himself succeeded in effecting his escape , and ha * taken rtfuge in the house of tbe British consular agt-at at

      Mosul . The number of victims who have polished in Jhis " massacre ia not yet known . Tho population of the mountains amounted to 100 , 000 . Their fr .-e has been truly lamentable and extraordinary . Surrounded by Mussulman hordes , pent up for ages In their nativ& fortresses , the yury existence of these children of the primitive church had remained almoat a secret t the rest of Christendom . Happy for them , indeed , had it continued so , for their obscurity seems to hive been their best protection . No sooner hud their country been explored by missionaries , and the interest of learned and scientific men been awakened with respect to them , than this tevribla visitation befel thmn , and the public is called upon to sympathize with th ^ m in their destruction , before , perhaps , it aad become

      generally aware of their existence . Letters from Mosul throw much of the odium of this sad affair on Europeans . It wan She imprudent Zial of rival missionaries th ^ . first excited the jealous apprehensions of the Pasha of M ' esnl , an < i caused him to ' let slip the dogs ot war " on the unfortunate Nestorians . It is affirmed even that some of these gentlemen , with a view of prejudicing his mind againt the American missionaries , suggest « i to him that they were assisting the mountaineers to raise forts , whereby they would be hereafter emibled to set he Sultan ' s authority at defiance . These reports ware altogether unfounded—their consequences , bowevar , have been dreadful , —such , indeed , as could nov-. r have been contemplated by the inventors of them , who have , l . evtrttteless , brought an awful responsibility upon thoin selves .

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      Melancholy Occdbbjskce at Fulham —A Bot Shot . —aince Sunday las& the inhabitants of Fulham have been in a paintul state of excitement in consequence , of the lamentable death of a n ' no la . d , aged 12 yeare , named George Bolton , son of the hea : i gardener to Oovnau Sampo , Esq ., residing at Peterborough-hoaee , in that parish , which occurred under the truly heart-rending and melancholy circuaibiauceg subjoined . 11 appear * that about haK-past 10 o ' clock oa the morning in question the deceased kf ' t hia lather ' s home , accompanied by a boy nttucd Bulier , a ^ ed about seven years , for the purpose of atu tiding a place # F worship to winch he was accustomed . Oa their way thither they met two youths named Bagnard and Wbitty , the sons of poor butbouust parents

      and the tormer of whom carried a gun with v , per * cubgion lock , waieh be eaid was loaded but was not capped . Deceased asked them vrcro they were going and they said to shoot sparrows , vfheu deceased e » id he would accompany them , and they repaired to some grounds attached to Broom-house , wutoh is situate by tne eide of the river Thames , where they werojoiaed by a lad named Rissell . Ba ^ tid was subsequently in tae act of holdiug the £ ua while Whitiy fixed on a cap , deceased at the tsu- standing in front of it , when Russell cautioned him to ssovu away , but he did sot de so , and scarcely had

      » minute elapsed before the lock went d « wu , aud the" contents of the gnu ( vihieh was loaded with powder sad snail shep ) oHtered the left sid ? of deceased , a& 4 he - foil bleedistf te the ground . He was ioimodiately picked op by his o »» aniens , srad cohvey « d , t » -Mz . lfce * t '» . smgeon , iwHir whose d'recnoa he was , vithett los&ef tin ** , reawred to St . George's Hpapiitai , mh * f he i « Bai » ed ta . a perfeetlyjrcimble state till within a fe « r » iMte « * t his d * a ? b , wnisH look plas * » hortly after ( era o ' eloek ytstercs-y saprnina , a * hope * ' from the flrrt kaviog been eaicrtametf at his wwviviBa . Iafonaatfo . of tito MufuJlwuate « Toat hfl «*« tt CMirardMi to Mr . HJssa . fcc coroaer .

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      __ THE NORTHERN ST A R > f

      Paradise Within Thje Beach Of All Men Without Labouri By Powers Of Nature And] Machinery. Letter Vi.

      PARADISE WITHIN THJE BEACH OF ALL MEN WITHOUT LABOUrI BY POWERS OF NATURE AND ] MACHINERY . Letter VI .

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      TO THE EDITOR OP THE NORTHERN STAR . Dear Sir , —My letter / No . V . contained Mr . Eizler ' s address to the people , which address has alsc been published in several other papers , and alreadj caused considerable inquiry , ] I ahall therefore subjoin tc my present letter his memorial to both houses of Parlinmant . !

      It is generally admitted that no beneficial measure of any kind can be carried in Parliament , unless there is a sufficient pressure [ from without . Parliaments , like other machines , do not work by themselves ; we must therefore apply some power to them . The only motive power whieh can put Parliament ia motion and in a proper working condition , j is pnblic opinion . Many politicians are inclined to take the opinion on abstract principles of their respective parties for public opinion . Tories believe that public opinion is in favour of Tory principles—of high Unties jon the first necessaries of life—of military dignity-4 higb-church educationvested rights—royal pomp and festivities . Whigs and anti-Corn Law men believe j that public opinion lain favour of a repeal of the Corn Laws—of free tradeof manufactures— mill-owners—poor laws—union workhouses—silent systems . Chartists believe tbat public

      opinion is in favour of the six points of the Charter , of Universal Suffrage , of economy iu the church and state establishments , of the abolition of primogeniture , of the division of tbe land , the appropriation and cultivation of the waste lands , of producing corn at home , instead of importing it from abroad , &c dec . It is evident that these three parties will never meet on aay of tbeir own grounds , since tbeir principles and ideas of political rights , and political economy are diametrically opposed to each other . Consequently , patty opinion cannot be public opinion ; and party measures , if they are carried by any temporary ascendancy of a part ; can never give public and general satisfaction , therefore are constantly changing . To create new public opinion in favour of any movement or measure , it Is necessary that such a movement or measure shall correspond with the feelings , desires and wants of nearly every one ; that it fhall be tbe expression of the inward thoughts of

      man . | A calm investigation of human nature shows , tbat the desire of almost every mau ia ( or liberty and happiness for himself . Even oppression is caused by the desire of liberty of the stronger one , of tbe oppressor , v * ho sees no other means than oppression to ^ attam his liberty and happiness . It is liberty in tbe universal sense of the word , liberty in opinion , liberty from care and want , liberty to enjoy Gods creations and the result of our own exertions , which ia deeply rooted iu the breast of every ma > . Thus liberty and happiness are one and ihe same , aud perfect liberty ia perfect law and perfect order . .

      Men are destined ultimately to enjoy perfect liberty , and tbe way tewards the attainment of it , is material liberty . Political and religious liberty ia the necessary ounaequence of tbe first Political speeches and churchpreaching excite the feeliogo momentarily ; but they cannot fill the stomach , clothe the body , and protect us from rain and the cold of tbe winter . But when me i are materially independent ; when their necessaries of life are provided for : when ! neither want nor fear of want racks their brains ; then religious and political

      liberty will be understood 1 and acted out . A man without material want and ] fear cannot be enslaved . Free men will form such governments or such regulations as will best suit them . They will know of no other law than the laws of God—the law of attraction . Aud our present laws and regulations , which are the offering of the law of fear and constraint , will cease by themselves ; will fall to pieces like the castles of knights and robbers after the invention of gunpowder . They will vanish like the light of a lamp to which no fresh supply of oil ia given . \

      The next movement ot the people will be for material liberty , for ease , for comfort ; it will be a movement for a gsiveral holiday , as soon as it will be seen tbat no one can loobe by it . That the poor will be made rich , and tbe rich richer still , without taking from any man , but only by receiving what bounteous nature is willing to give , if we understand her laws , have faith in Providence , and believe tbat God has intended men to be happy , and ; that unbappiness is merely the consequence of a neglect aad misunderstanding of the laws of the universe . I hope tbat by the time Parliament reassembles the subjoined Memorial will b « sufficiently known and powerfully supported by men of all classes and patties . Memorial ofj . A . Elder to both Houses of the British Parliament . \

      " Your memorialist most respectfully represents : That he bas invented a mechanical system , by which by inanimate powers thit cost nothing , 10 te 20 . 000 acres ca i be cultivated garden-tike by one mashing and three or four men for attendance , and requiring a capital not exceeding two to four thousand pounds sterling . " That in consequence , distress , ail waut and fear of want of the real necessaries ot life , are no longer necessary evils , considering tho extent of the yet uncultivated lands in the British realm { and colonies . That it will be in the power of Government to cause a general application ef this mechanical system for the relief of all distress and want and fear of want of the poor portion of the population , and for the benefit of l . mdowcers , and for government itself , by assuming the direction of

      this system . Tbat therefore the cry of distress , the claims for relief , and the dangers of commotions , of the suffering class , and the anxieties of those who desire to help them , may be put to an end for ever ; that government may be adored and adorable by all , rich and poor , in making proper arrangements as suggested by your memorialist [ through his agency . That to ascertain the truth of this representation , a committee may be appointed to jexaniine tbe subject carefully aud report tbe results : of their examination , for legislating on tbe subject That if on the contrary , Government should leave this new great matter to chance , the consequences might prove disastrous to public peace and happiness , a large portion of the mass of the people not being perhaps intelligent enough to

      to regulate this system of themselves to tbeir own relief and ttie benefit of the community at large , though joint stock companies of all classes with shares of about one pound sterling each are suggested , which would enable all poor people to participate immediately ia the great benefits of the system for their permanent liberation of want , fear of want , and compulsive labour . That if the Government would now , i hen not yet too late , assume the general regulation of this system in the realm and colonies , that system might become a perpetual source of vast revenue to Government , superceding all taxes , by distributing ! the produce of tbe soil so , tbat one portion be appropriated for the uses of thf Government , one for the 'landowners , onu for the

      capitalists or shareholders furnishing tbe expenses for machinery and other requisites , and one for the poor classes , performing certain easy small duties for the eupuriptendauce of the works and for governmental uses . That by so doing a fond may be created not only defraying all expences of the Government , but aso to pay tbe national debt in" a short period , and ultimately to create new national beneficial institutions for tbe proper education of at ) classes ; for tbe const : uclion of roads , canals , colonial , naval , { military and other general means for pnblic happiness and safety , to tbe greatest glory and power of the British nation , and through it to the universal good of mankind . Tbat examination and negotiation for the great purposes may be extended by a committee with &c , &c . " t

      I am , Sir , your obedient servant , ' C V . STOLLMEYEB , No . 3 , Northampton Terrace , City Road , London , September 9 , 1843 \

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Sept. 16, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct819/page/7/