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Northern Star (1837-1852), 29th July 1843, Edition 4 of 5, Page 7, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      ~~ EMIGjRATIOK ~ OKKBY-KEIONS CONNECTED WITH 3 HH .

      PITK KTP LY g TOUR . ( Co * 2 * & 3 jrom 4 ur last week ' s jxtper . J jjjs UUCtioKS jus © cxrmoss to EmcmATris . Bctf giBg . h 0 ttreltecpeHJBM generally mixed ap vrftb gja ^ dsdaj ^ nd they are ' ei'ver « a She alert to " take-in * ^ gs * . Hffly hire the : most expert lias , for the -jpre * jurpasB rf entrapping Jfceir . prey . Thiathsy ^ aci bj conning * nd . enticing allurements ; sod the / £ 0 often succeed in entaDgUng eiren the inwA Traij in jbor meaiies- Then the fleecing <> peb& > n i * comjnenced . The lo ^ Bg-ltDTiBe Tteeper ha- ^ ng the emij 7 aHS " in * liiB » Tnj house , iaa the IJest / jM ^ Qile-trppiatajity of lecommenfling sneh and roeih conveyance * as fceing the "best and the cheapest 5 ami those are generaUt sash as -crm » o £ » nibr a day 6 r t * o after the time

      -fbey state . « oaiAt theyjoay Iuyb fiam at their houses ^ ibedoulile charge , as mentioned " is Mr . Bewtn « tle ' a statement . These feHoirs obtain one-halt and sometinies twD-tbiida of the fare paid for conveyance to BnffiUo , or soy other pla « 5 and expsdation that they ¦ will net aeek everyehanee , and £ b » t tbey sod their myrmidons -will -pot xob si steal vhen opporttmlty « erTea , ciinoBiybejustifi 5 dinalniiatJc . The following js a specimen of thevillany of one of these tricksters : — On thelDlh of Angusl , Robert Anderson , with Chas . Xamsha-sr and -wife , { who-ware passengers vrith me to Boston , ) came to Ifew York-while Ivras there ; and ¦ were induced to eo to Ihelionse of Abraham Knox , or

      Knar and Sons , 16 | , Front-street , "who so act that one es& / baBy and aA toe master ¦ to-d » y and the other to-morrow ; ana either of them he porter and servant of all -wofk a . t pleasure ; aptasat if t > ns makes the agreement , Sa other bringa in tee bill sma -when » ny objection is jnaae&epleaiij " O i Ire liMMHimg to do with it This house i * "mine , * nd my terms are those in thebilL " Well , those Knar ' s charged my fellow passengers 25 centoi ^ r meals nonrorth six cents 4 and after having baa -what they considered necessary and Trera about to depart . theJKsox'feased the ntmostpersuationlo induce them to take an additional meaL J * i ** mu&rin -faHrng , &ej ram p natratefly " rttat also failing , they begun to threaten ; bat It proved to no purpose in this ease ..

      Pitfcagoras and FluTip -Williams , two of the musicians from Crompton -wio "were on board ibe Swsnton and { ih&nnBd Hi "with their mnsio when Is the Irish channel » s mfintaoned in the early part of my Journal , related to xne the following facts on our homeward passage : — On landing from the Bwanton ¦ we Trere indaced to go to Snort honse ; and staying only a few hours we lefVwithont any angry feeling , and proceeded to Eittsjsugb in searci of employment , vhleh not finding at Cat place , weprocceclea to Cincinnati , zad ** iuu jiam snSe ; but finding 30 many-out of employment and

      ihst there "wasna chance for ns , we Tetorned to New Tori , and Knox * a being tba only house known to us , ire west thither . Ifae terms for board and lodging , -were said to be two dollars per week When we had fagageaonrjaasagesnd woe about to pay , one of the 3 £ nnx " s told ns that S » terms were three dollars per -weei ;« na that for three days it was the same as for the whole -week . We remonstrated , bnt -weie told that it 3 BBSI be paid , Aadisg . * That * a jattt "—a term wcicb became quite faMIi&i on board from its frequent repetition .

      Intending Emigrants will do weS to take a lesson from the circumstance of these men having expended so jnnca thnB and money in an nnsnceesaful endeavonr to obtain the opporbmity ol darning their bread by t ^ p sweat . ef their brow . GeozgB SdHhsoo , of ABSham-Bryan , near York , Trho iid been over for the sine o > jact ;« the toothers TraiiajE * , and 2 adalso bees cusaccessftQ , retarced by She same ship . Be had likewise stafia a lev days at the Eaox's , and "was charged the same as the others . Od demanding a bin , with particulars , he aald they

      * lociaHZac '" He declared the bed not to be fit for a fog , . and -for "which lie . had to pay two shillings a night , andtwo ^ MllTngg ^ QTeachmeaL ; The " / ad-is , lie had to pay Knox his extortionate demand / who , JiowBver , was constrained to say ihst he might stay 1 he week out ; rf Trhich he and the "WaHams partly avaBed themselves , by returning from the ship and ca-ring several meals ; but a person of the same of Potter , from Calton , 6 bu ^ ow , T » to bad been imposed upon in like manner at the same plac * , dared sot again venture upon the premises , lest some ' more of Knar ' s ^ tabtKuW' / acU ^ ahould liseiip against tarn .

      It-ongbi to be ^ generally toiown thai there la a-law Id force -which inflicts a Iteavy penalty npon the ewner of any ship which enters any port of the United States Trith a greater number of passengers on board than the said lav prescribes . lam sot certain of the exact jmmber ; bat it iszxOed by bo many toss measurement t > f the ftiip i abthat unless the veesel is laden with light goods there is -generally a soffisiency of room lorthi convenience of passengers . This , however , is sot ths C 33 s "with "vessels returning from tlw > fLmBi % i ** . T ports '; there iehig no law is Britain by which this matter is xegBlated . They cram Jrotnan beings toythw like so many p ^ j , p 3 ying bo regard to health , -comfort , or gecescy ; and "when landed on the JBritiah ¦ bores there is no asylum prepared ta recerre the invalids ; they are left ± 0 shifj for themselves as best

      they can . Sot ao in the States ; for at tht various ports art hospitals for the reception of ail who may lequire j n ^^ rT ^ ^ 1 ^ 5 tnfl Tfhere they azs ^» vj » i » cars of watil ttiey lecoTer . Pot the purpose of meeting theexpenee thereby incurred , nos doHaz ia demanded of every pss--so ^ er , of -whatever age or sex , before they are allowed to proceed from any of our ports , the captain knowing that it will be deminded of him on the opposite shore of the Atlantic . The _ meney received at New York alcne for this purpose murt be immense , as uajbe saialy ^^ frt ^ ii ^ ffl- For instance , one ship with 300 passenjersat 4 s . 3 d . { passengers generally pay 4 s . Sd . they sot iaTxng aollaiB ) -wHl fosisb £ be iiospxtal with np-. wlrfia of £ 60 . Rom && informatioii X bave tod , great malappropriatioa and corrupti-n exists in the xasnagement of those institotiona , even in the T ** " ^ of jwi ^ r and republican pnndples .

      It "would be "well for-fiie JBmjgranta to aTeep on board me vessel In which they cross , until they can take their 2 ra for the Far West and have their baggage taken from one vessel to She othec This would effect ft oonsiderahlB saving . I hive before menHosed the impropriety and danger < t pemms leaving their native land . U willing to town , but "unable to obtain employxient , they neverthfiesipossess an inherent right to a sufficiency of the aecessariesoflife ; and ie is a consummate ce ward who eraploys not every legal meaos to procure a living for tiirmyp } f » ni ^ ^ cp jm ^ n . Ti t- » jo "hH father-land . He "who will tamely « p « i THn ' tly submit to ft ** invasion and i ^ * 2 kost vrr rfl ¦ bts

      -mrq ^^ ft ^ yfl ^ f » m z ^ 9 X nomfi , is iin * " orVhy of a place in any eonnkry . Woald that I could » TaLan my degraded conntrymen toatrne sense of their ittty , and arouse them to an Tmited , legal , sod eonstjhrKppg ] egbft to delirer themselves from *¦*>*> gicm-ng despotism under which they suffer J Then would a regeneration be effected at home , and Emigration become » matter of choice , instead of , as it now is , a thing of compabnon . Xet erexy one do their -dnty and ttoain at homB "unfil they are prepaied to bay a plot of bad , and cam ^ depend more npon the enltiv&tion of a »» n fthe proper baria < rf prosperity and comfort ) thinupoa theprodnce of any traffic or handicraft .

      The influx of artisans , and labourers into the States tod Canada from all the countries ef Europe is so Ctt&ssrreas to overstock « very department of labour . 3 froy dty , port , and manufactory have taken advantage of the glut , and employed the strangers at half the wassi paid to their old hands , -who are driven from thar homes as w drive away foreign manufacturers , by wfc&t is falsely called the free trade system ; and thus they are compelled to seek another home , to starre , or to accept such employment , on such terms , as the employer may in his mercy and charily be disposed to

      Often torre 1 tearf tbe -croraing men of England SSd Scolbmd bitterly eomplain of tbe influx of the Irish , •* && the consequeot lowsring of "wages ; but I-did not anticipate that I should tear the corses-loud and deep ^ cf the Americans against Scotchmen and SagUshmen Jar raining their trade . Xet the industrious flosses for "whom ! writ © look well to this matter . By going nnpreparad , thsy not only expose themselve * to directprivations but at the same time icfiiel much snSkring upon others , and engenders spirit of animosity in tba breasts of their own ordEr , saii enable the effiployers , by a redundancy of bauds thxu created , to reduce wages and to demand excessive JOBg hours el teil , wbertky they can proSnee BiBaame dtscrlptaon of goods whieh wehave been in the habit -of txporUng at * o low a price as to drive ns out ttUte market . In Jact , Ibey ba-re this very spring ex-> medto China ball as many goods as Great Britain , lod have also sent a large quantity into Liverpool .

      I hare before intimated that in principle I am op-I « ed to EnjigraJJon ; iowerer , I will bow attempt to *»» what is necessary to be attended to ay those who teeresolTed to gosnideranj crrcumstsnetB ; and more ^ posily for the bensfit of the tafortonate who are compt&d to go . 1 intend to show the advantage of going ^ o the Far West , over settling in the Eastern States . The aenzhent drnsion of WisCOaSCr , the sorthem ^ finon of JU . 1 H 0 JS , and a division of MlCHiGAii , are ^* puts I should recommend as settlements , in prefer * **«* to any vibtt east of the Mississippi . In that ^* ade I conadei the cl *™ " *» aiost congenial to the iSaWtaats of the Bii&i isles . Is those districts ^*» is plenty of ths 3 » st Isna Tmappropriatea , tol » *** " » t Hib government price lone-aad- * -gnarter dollar ^ crt ); and nowhere in the aame latitude in the States " ? Jtdiaaa , Ohio . Penniyivasia , < a Ifew York , can

      «« rt aa inferior quality be obtained at ten-fold Qie 3 S ? - In the parts referred to , land ««» be obtained ""^ ttvettdwitb , jot perfectly freefromfinber , or ' * 4 i ^ h » adpa » t wiflwwt Water 3 s jaeaefiO , * n ^ ?*^* wnv ^ yanoe io JSsw Tobx and ifEtr Oiixiss ^^ 'SBraem alL OSieaame TemMtavill applytothe ^« n part of th » MiSSOXTB . ! territory , and a great (?** & ?< ttttterriJory of IG 9 X . exeepfinf -with regard i . y ^ txmveyanee to Kxt ? Tobi- In proof of this 3 r ° U may menfioB , that there are more persons * f * - » n » fiHpaSng rffiieir land in the Eastern Slates , S ™!*^ «» tenMories aUndea to , than jo there 7 ^ . -BSfean , Ireland , oi the "whole of EuropB put t ^^ - Ibtelict ia thBbest evidence ol the advan-^^^ fc g there . wT P ^ asa m these States and teritories afeoiina 1 / 7 * » ivA , and other Tnfofra ?* . Tie ferfili ^ ^ ^> * & ig greater ttan in the Essten States . 1118 * MQi the -teat , is often too « xcesive lex

      Untitled Article

      Britons ; vrhile in the North the winters are mere , long , and dreary . In the parts I recommend , the inhabitants generally enjoy good health -witt "watchful ness , which is necessary for all to attend to who gu to a strange country . Mnch water power may be bad Sot flour , aaw , and other mills , and lor propelling every kind of machinery . These territories produce the beet wheat and in the largest quantity , of any other of the States . > Wheat is the staple ' produce ; and there ate great facilities to ship it for New York and New Orleans , and , from some of the districts to Canada easier than to either ; and Canada is now the ] best market . Por these , and other reasons , I give a decided preference to the Par West . !

      I found , during my stay in the country , that many persons had been induced to geinto Westera Canada from the States , from the fact that unprecedented enconragement had been given to several persons , some of whom I met ; they having obtained free grants of 100 aerea of land each , on application to fho Golonial Government ; whieh Government bad also given such encouragement In other respects , as to hava caused considerable increase in trade . Taxes are lower there than in the States . Prom these circumstances it is evident that the policy of the British Government is to conciliate , the Canadians ; and they have induced Dr . NelBon , whom they denounced and hunted as a rebel , to retnrn , as also Mons . Paplneau , formerly Speaker of -the House of Representatives , who had to flee for his life . I am

      informed that he had not only received a free pardon , bat had been paid the fall amount of his salary , as Speaker , duing the "whole of his absence . Prom Mr . Mackenzie ' s own month I was informed that he had been preasingly invited to return , although he Was the- head and chief leader of the rebels ; and -was as repeatedly rejected by the Government , and as regularly returned , nntil , at length , they -srere compelled to admit he "Was thB leading opposition member of \ the Housed Representatives . To seek to have those favourites returned to the country , and to make concessions , is a proof that oar rulers are resolved to retain their hold in that country as long as possible ]; but with : all their anxiety to infuse loyalty into the breasts of the people , still a strong hatred to Church and King will

      ever exist , and the populace will most assuredly shake off their allegiance zX ttxe first favourable opportunity . The expense of retaining possession of . and supporting the Colony is great , and is borne by British and Irish industry , which is fast on the wane , and will , ere long , he iBwffirient to support itself at home . Bat ! to return . ' Persons who go oat , not being members of the " Mutual Aid Society , " with the intention of purchasing land , ought , in the first place , to go to the land offices of the several districts , say Mii / wjllkjey , Chicago , Mjjjdison , © alesa , or any other land office in whatever district they Intend to locate , and

      ascertain how the unappropriated land is siUated , and also obtain -whatever general information may be requisite . Afterwards the land should be visited , to ascertain its qualities ; its proximity to water , or other conveyance for produce to a good market , or markets . Examine if sufficient timber be upon it , or if too . mack ; as , in the latter case , great labour and expence would be required to « ut it -down , { or chop it , as thB phrase is ) , find dear it off . I have seen land that cost ten times its original price- to dear off the timber ; sad . after ail , the stamps , about three feet in height , remained , sod did oot rot oat for many years . This will show the advantage of purchasing upon oak openings , or prairie . ,

      Por myself , 1 beg to state that I soon saw that if I came to a determination to purchase , I ought , av least , to be three month * in the territory before fixing myself ; so that I might obtain the most minnte knowledge of every corner and circumstance , and profit by my own individual experience . This I mentioned to several persons , "who uniformly approved of the idea . The Emigrant must not by any means purchase or pay for a single acre of land , without first calling at the district effice , and there ascertain that the land is really the property of the person professing to be the proprietor . Hscb imposition has- been effected by sales of land fey persons out of whose possession it had passed ; and the unfortunate purchaser has , after settling and laying oat additional money , and imagining himself settled for life , been ejected from it , as though he had never paid a farthing . This ocean oftenest "When purchasing improved lands . !

      Six miles square constitutes a township . A section h one mile square , or 640 acres—an half section , 320—a quarter 160 acres , and sa eighth , eighty acre * , which is the smallest qnaatity - whieh the Government wiu sen , In every case the sixteenth section is appropriated to the support of schools , whereby an universal system of education is established . j The title deeds which confer the right of property throughout the States are printed in a plain form , on parchment of the quarto siza . The purchaser's name , the locality of the purchase , and the date being filled -np in / writing * , and the document being subscribed by the President of the United States and the Agent of the General Land Office , becomes & perfectly legal document , and- is handed to the purchaser free of all expence , and may be legally transferred by him to another person without the intervention of a lawyer , or any of the absurd and expensive mummery practised by oar moJern Solans in England or Scotland . i

      As every possible advantage is taken of the knowledge ' the inhabitants obtain of the intentions of a stranger , it is justifiable to act the part of the waterman , that is , to " look one "way and row another" ; or , as the Yankees say , to be " wideawake . " ] Ilich fiat land or valleys are often found very unhealthy ; and situations bordering on marshes and stagnant pools must be avoided . They engender disease especially fever and agues ; which disorders are of a lingering nature , and though sot considered very dangerous , yet they are unwelcome visitants . ' Uncleared lands have a tendency to aggravate the evil ; and , if proper caution be not observed , the disease sometimes pro-res-fatal . Upland grounds , dry , and exposed to free air . ought to be preferred .

      Mr . Sheriff , a "writer ia-Chamber ' t Information fvr Ok People , states that the valley of the Mississippi lwhich includes nearly the whole of the territories of which I am speaking ) ^ prodnces a good and sure crop of "Wheat of from thirty to thirty-five bushels to the acre , of 60 lbs and often 65 lbs . to the bushel . My information , howerer , is , that from fifteen to twenty bushels is the average ; and the-weight considerably under that given by Mr . S-, who further states that he estimated some Indian corn on the banks ol the Mississippi at twenty feet high . I saw none above seven and a half feet , and net with no one who had seen so maeh as half Mr . Sheriff * estimate .

      Mr . Flint is first made to differ with Mr . S ., and then is made to say that he had met a settler wee had that , year raited nine hundred bushels of Indian comand toat by his own individual exerttens ; which statement is , from the infermation I received in thai country , an absolute impossibility . Nevertheless , Mt . ; Flint adds that he had previously heard of a negro j settled on the prairies , near Yincennes , who had the ' asme year raised one thousand bushel *; ani which 2 s a still greater impossibility . We most , if it ctn be

      swallowed , believe that those gentlemen , ths black and the ¦ white , had neither man , woman , nor child ; horse , ox , » or ass , to aid them in ploughing , digging , tanowteg , moving , hoeing , reaping , ftonseiog , thrashing , and preparing it for the market ; which , giving twenty-four bushels , to the acre , w nld he , for one human being to cultivate and crop , thirty-eight acres ; and this , If the land were in the highest possible state of cultivation , a farm labourer in Britain "would say was no trifling matter : This is what my American friends called " Long-bow sweeping . "

      But Incredible as these statements are , they did not suffice ; for the writer proceeds to inform his readers that the soil is well adapted for the growth of European vegetables r and he affirms that cabbages grow to the size of from thirteen to seventeen and a half feet in circumference , and that those of nine feet round in the hesdsracoiBiiiaD 31 it -would certainly bave been much more satisfactory had Mr . Flint fsronred the readers of *¦ Chumbert" Information" -with the same and address of the settler who raised the nine hundred bushels of grain by his own individual exertions , and also the name and residence of the negro near Yincennes who raised th » one thousand bushtls by the same means . It

      might be ibongbt rude to deny the statement ; nevertheless , by a little personal intercourse with the black and white jentlemoii , ( for settlers are generally understood , to be white . ) a most valuable lesson might hava been learned . It would have been no less important had the same of one grower of those thirteen , and BevEntsen-aDd-a-balf-teet-etreumferecce cabbages been also given . The absence of ench information caused me to devote considerable time in Eiakiog inquiries as to where those immense vegetables were produced ; but , from personal obsuvatioD , I found the cabbages grown in England are much superior to any is those parts over which I-bavel ed .

      The cabbage-statement is followed np fey another , to shew , or induce the belief , that parsnips , carrots , and beetB ^ are remarkable for their » i » J and fbvonr ; anipess most ' excellent and prolific These Longbow sweepings" may not have been pnbllshed with a dishonest intention : but I consider partieB culpable in the highest degree wbo circulate such unfounded statements among the . people , who possess no means of ascertaining the troth . By such tales are they allured from their hones to a pictured Paradise J and , when too late , they find nothing tent a wilderness .

      Cfa » i 6 snVJii / orBia& » goes on to state that peaches are in blossom on the 1 st of April ; asparagus on the 3 rd ; and peas , beans , and onions are sown and brought to perfection as though . there were bat one day in the year , and that the seasons were regulated on that one day in the same-sray as a watch . Bach is not the case . In that country the winters are More and les * severe , as "weTl as loader and shorter in ibeor dmatloii ; although ffie Mean . Chambers essay to gull the pnilie by statnyrthat on the 101 b of ApriL nine days after the pesxh felossanjs , the spring has fairly set im and toe prairies are green ; all of which are set down as the memorandums of a naturalist . No doobt &ey ate those of a natural fool ; for none other would clothe the trees in blossom before the spring set in , or affirm that turnips sown on the 10 th of September gtow 4 o a large cae before winter . This cannot in anywise apply to the Northern States ,

      I pass over the s- ' oy afcout beef and hogs fceing divided smongneighloais , and rstnnn nade of tbe aame kind , and also tbat of three-year old heifers "reigning 1231 fc& . being add for SU . t& » and oome to the . fallo-airs "passage : —

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      "Every farmer , besides his own land , has ; the range or tbe meadows around him both for his cattle , hogs , turkeys , and poultry , so that they are reared hi immense numbers and at small expenee . " No doubt Where the land is unappropriated , the cattle aod poultry dorange the forest , unrestricted ; bat when the land is taken up , enclosed and improved , tfiey are confined to their own property , the same as in England , When cattle , he . are reared they are slow of sale , and are not unfrequently exchanged for articles of necessity . If ever the markets -were good , even whan Messrs . Chambers published these exaggerations , it by no means follows that they are so now . Again , it is said : — 1 "Altogether the fertility of the country , and the abundance of its natural productions , are such that the inhabitants are afraid of not being believed by the other Americana . * « '

      This portion of ike subject is closed -with the folio-w ing : — i •^ These statements viay ( do ) appear overdrawn , hat all the favourable impressions -which had been made concerning this country ,-by the reports of former visitors , have been confirmed , in the most satisfactory manner , by Mr . Stuart , of Danearn , who passed through the -whole territory is 2832 ; and conversed with tbe moat intelligent of its inhabitants , Mia account agrees in everything with what ; we had previously beard of the great fertility . and growing importance of the country . " -i

      Those gentlemen father npon Mr . Stuart the whole of these extravaganzas , which are , I feel sorry to say , so far as I could obtain-information , gross and criminal allurements ; . and I beg to assure my fellow countrymen and countrywomen -vrho blindly follow tbe t 6 B > ptiPg bait that they -will speedily feel the hook . What can justify statements so outrageous , while upon land equally rich and fertile , and in a climate equally as congenial , the avenge crop ia generally known to be under twenty bushels per acre ? The knowledge that hundreds have been induced to leave their father-laud , in consequence of what Chambers' and others bave published in this over-colouredway , has induced me , to lay the reality before my zeaders , and leave tDern to take their own coarse ; that knowing the truth that they may have themselves alone to blame .

      Mr . Stuart having betn frequently quoted in Chambers' publication , it way be useful to give the following correspondence whica will show what his evidence is worth : — "The following letter was addressed by ^ order of the Government , to Mr . Bealj Factory Inspector , of Dundee . ( See . debate upon Mr . Fialden ' s motion of enquiry io tbe House of Commons , July , 1840 ; and notice tbe villainy of . the Whlge , the pitiful snbterfuge otVox Maule , -wbo -wished the House to believe tbat the inspectors were only authorised to report the stofs o f the Haroctl ) : — " 345 , Strand , London , V 30 th July , 1839 .

      " Deae Sir—I hava to acquaint you for your information alone , that I am officially instructed to watch and take measures for Obtaining information as to any proceedings in my district , relatiVB to OSSemUapes of working people or Chartists , ex circumstances calculated to disturb tiie public pesca . You -Bill , therefore , be ao good as to make weekly a confidential report ' upon THIS SUBJECT . The newspapers from different parts of your district will-generally point out to you any places requiring particularly to be noticed , bat take care at Dundee and elsewhere to ad vnth seeresy and prudence ,, so tbat you may escape observation , and not be su » - peeled of giving information . 1 am , dear Sir , yours traiy . : "James Siuart . "

      It most by no means be inferred from any statement herein set forth that 1 wish it ta be understood , that with industry and proper manage / nent , there are not the means of living upon a plot of land . No ; on the contrary , I feel convinced that in no country in the world can greater means of comfort and independence be acquired . Yet let no new settler imagine tbat he can arrive at such a state without encountering many difficulties , and even hardships ; great toil , numerous disappointments , and many , nnforseea inconvenienceseverything being naw and every circumstance changed —new labour , new cllsvite , and a new mode ef life . AU must calculate upon great absence of comfort ; and DOBS ought to go -who hWre not previously made np their minds to endure much . They must call philosophy to their aid—they ; mnst set np a * bold

      frontmeet every obstacle TSith iresolntion , and overcome it with energy , looking forward in confidence to increasing comforts , and the attainment of independence . I have no means of directing tbe reader to any work on which reliance can be placed for acquiring authentic information , although I have carefully examined many works on the United States . " Cobbett ' s Year ' s Residence , " and other Emigrant Guides , contain more or leas useful information ; but circumstances change with the times—new points ol attraction spring up , and new lines by which to * reach them . I have laboured to give the best possible information connected with the present time and xircomstarces , and the most accurate description of things as they are ; all of which I conjure tbe intending Emigrant carefully to ponder in his mud ere he leaves bis inativa land .

      My task is now completed . If what I have said and done -will be of advantage to the poor , who are now the prey of the crafty and the designing , my labour will not have been in vain . The consciousness that I have been ef use will be my best reward . L . PlTKSXBLT . Huddersfield , 1813 .

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      HOME COLONIZATION . LETTER XX . TO THB EDITOR OE THE NOKTHKBN STAR . Sm—The next point of the preliminary Charter to which I hava to call tbe attention of . your readers , is— " Free trade ia all things "with all the world . ' "We Bave heard a great deal of the abolition of the Corn Laws , of the abolition' of the Sugar Duties , and of the abolition of many other imposts ; bat with the adoption of the previous measures that I have laid before joa , none ol which will be opposed after the people shall have once shewn themselves to be united , free trade in all things with all the world may be mnch easier obtained than any of these isolated and partial measures . ' , The fact is , that tbe present system is become so complicated , jbo intricate , and so inadequate to the growing -wants of the country , tbat every day shews tbe utter Impossibility of its being mu « h longer continued ; and each attempt to meddle with it , Bhews the folly of any partial measure of redress . ¦;

      The question of supply and demand , is one that has puzzled the brains ot a great number of persons calling themselves political economists ; some ot whom have argued for protective duties , othtrs for bonnties on exportation ; some for restrictions on growth , Others for prohibitions from importation ; "Whilst none have taken the plain simple course ef demanding that whatever is produced In any portion of the globe shall be freely exchanged for tbe produce of any other portion . " - This alone however is the true basis of free trade , and as soon as the people are a liUle more enlightened on the subject , this is the course they will adopt .

      What but the extreme ignorance of man vrlth regard to bis own nature and interest , could have raised ap tbe various impediments which now exist to bis eDJoyiPg those things "which all admit may be mest liberally supplied if a ready means of exchange could be found ? Tbere is no event but what has been taken advantage of for the purpose of preventing bis enjoyment , not only of the comforts and luxuries of life , aa they are called , bat even ef everything necessary for bis bare existence . This pressure upon industry must and will continue to a greater or less degree , according to tbe strength , union , and intelligence of the various sections and parties which divide all society , until man shall be traly awakened to the idea of his being a portion of one great universal whole ; and that his feelings , bis conviction * , his sensations , in fact bis happiness or misery , depend upon the general amount of either that is prodneerL ¦

      We may , however , rejoice at the prospect before us , of an adoption of a far superior state of things , which may readily be perfected by tbe onion of the people ; and which most soon be effected , throuch the necessity that is daily pressing upon us for a great change . ¦ The events of the last few years must shew to every reflecting mind , that in proportion as the intelligence of the masses has been awatenrt on any partiealRT subject , in an exactly corrtapondim ratio have tbey keen enabled to procure redress ; and it i » very evident tbat

      at present they are beginning to have a somewhat clear conception of what is for their benefit , which conception cannot fail to be enlarged daily . It is nol my province to interfere with details ; nor -would I ever make so trflipgian object as the repeal of the Corn Laws a matter of agiiatiun for the masses ; bat 1 think , as a rale , tbe principle of free trade should be supported wherever it exhibits itoeif ; tor there wUl never be any cause to fear that sneb a principle , when it has been fairly carried by paWio opinion , ean afterwards be counteracted or become iBJurious .

      If the steady growing intelligence of the main body of the people can be supported and extended , and of this there can be no doubt ; they will soon be led to discern the means whereby they coutd immediately , and without injury to any existing interests , terminate the present inslne divisions "which exist ; and >> y adopting an universal basis , give ip every individual member of society , all things necessary for bis well-being . At tbe present moment nothing but the want of love for each other and such an idea of the universal as woald make all seek the common happiness , prevents the great body of the intelligem of all dassBS from immediately changing the ' aspect of affairs . Let them simplify their -wants Jbya totefl abstinencefrom everything that is taxed ; letjthem unite for the interchange of the produce of their labour , and if they can so far agree , for its prodactiim ; and , in proportion to the experience they obtain , they vpUI likewise procure tbe knowledge aad power further toprogresB in this allimportant -work . What is there that could net soon be effected by tha union , of love , inVeUjgeace , ind ^ stiy , and fCOaomji

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      wffJSSk ? , * feboId < jn t o "V ^ governing or ZSO , S * *? & ****> Perfect love Is always In ^ EL 3 ? 4 neT » Squires whether its Government be ? nS ? T ' i ? , ° ! 8 M * * ** demc ^ acy , well know-* . l *? rJL ^ - l"W /* io all things . InteUifS" JK 'H ***** low . always directs every . JSft , J » N »* W . of all , and easily commands awof any harsh w nnpleasantimeaai . industry , with « L Zl ^ f » ° w especially fr a i ^ « u , d exteaffihJSfeSR mdUy BU Wk wt only aU things required for the Immediate ¦ wanU of the parties located ; 2 ! # M' ^ ^^^ o ^ asthey may most readi ly do , of the mechanical and chemical discoveries of the 1

      age , the Industryof tach persons as wiald tfaas assocUte may soon jgiye them tbe powerjof extending the benefits they -would themselves enjoy throughout' all people Economy , on a true basis , ! joined with the i !^ u i ? L ? ' ? v < mId * ° « iinpUfy the mnts and hsblt ^ of ttw ' pepple wsociated , that they would wonder how they con ^ have previously subjected themselves to such to immense amount tit cute and anxiety for the supply « f numberless wants , which , when dispensed With , they Will find their beings ia a fa « superior and ^ hi gher state of « iatenoe , arid that they have j * ys and pleasures of which they had before no conception . ' |

      We are apt jto complain of our governors , rulers , and others In authority , as though they were the cause of all the difficulties under which we { labour j whereas when man shall have arrived at his ! true dignity of being , Individually or collectively , he | willalways find in himself the power of overcoming every difficulty that surrounds him . Regal power , the Government , the Church , and all other authority , will be looked upon with relation to the Service ii renders to the cause of human progress ; and , whilst' preserved , will be supported and assisted io every manner possible for the performance ! of its duties ; but awe or dread , fear or trembling , will be unknown to man ; He will know bis own internal power and dignity ; land this knowledge will , through the love that will be manifested forth in every one , not only for the human race , but for everything that has life / become speedily 80 general that tbere will be an inconceivable power exerted by each , that will soon extend itaelf universally .

      Let us then cultivate these qualities in every manner possible , that they may speedily ^ operate to the subjection of all evil ' things , and to the establishment of everything that Is good . Let none fear the commencement of such a task , nor tbe difficulties with which he may be Individually surrounded . If he shall be found prepared to perform his duty as a universal being the opportunity will ! not long . be wanting . Your Paper of ; last week contained an account of a visit to this place by Mr . G . J . Holyoafce ; and perhaps as I have now been , here for some weeks , It may be servicable to thejgeneral progress if I give your readers my impressions respecting it . .

      My visiting here , on leaving Harmony , was the consequence of an engagement to the Pater that I would take the earliest opportunity of doing so ; bat 1 had no intention of remaining more than a day or two , as I bad heard bo many accounts of the miserable state in which they lived , and of their strange mystical doctrines , that making allowance tor much exaggeration , I tbOUght a day or two would qaito suffice , I found , however , so worm and cordial a reception , and ' bo much genuine sympathy for thai great object of my existence , that on leaving for London to perform some engagements I had entered into , I resolved on returning at the earliest moment . This resolution was soon confirmed by tbe

      agitation , anxiety , and mls * ry , which I found even among the most fpttunate qf the parties I had to mix with in London ; [ for tba calm , peaceful retreat of this place bore to me a strange contrast with the turmoil that is besetting all the competitors for what tbe World calls wealth or fame . 1 have since spent the greater portion of my time here , alternating jit with two or three days each week in London , as my business demands There is , of course , much , very much to amend , as the parties bave every thing to learn with regard to associated life ; but tbere is much here which if extensively copied woald soon go far towards introducing the measure I now advocate . ;

      The parties observe a total abstinence from animal food , fermented or distilled liquors , tobacco , tea , coffee , and almost so from sugar , a little having been used once or twice only since I ba-ve been here -with fruit pies . They abstain also from batter , cheese , milk , eggs , . honey , or jaoy other product Of the inferior animals , this last arrangement being considered necessary on the principle of man ' s doing justice to tbe other varied creations of the earth . The diet thus simplified consists of oatmeal porridge , bread made from ] Wheat without separating any portion of the bran ( from it , boiled rice ,: potatoes , and other vegetables and fruits , the produce of their garden . It is thus Very inexpensive , ' and prevents them from being affected by any of the taxation which is now ao liberally bestowed on everything it can reach : the people might soon , by this means alone , put a Btop to tbe present irrational mode of conducting human affairs . i .

      Their highest employment la the cultivation of what they term tbe " love spirit , '' which they affirm exists in every human being ; and which , if properly developed , and permitted its full manifestation , will unite all ia one common bond of union , and impel all continually to act for the universal good . ; Those who visit tbe establishment , wbo desire the happiness of their follow men , Whatever may be their : opinion of tbe fitness of such a position for themselves individually , will not fail earnestly to hope that the spirit which has actuated the j Pater of the first Concordium to commence Buch a work , and which sustains him in tbe continuance of it lander what would appear to most persons insurmountable difBcuitles , may persuade many thousands , who have far more extensive means for doing good , provided their beings could bo animated by tbe desire , to " go arid do likewise . "

      Such a eoarae of proceeding may be adopted by any and every division ' or class of tbe people that can be stimulated to desire it They may easily locate themselves on Bumcient land to provide all they require ; and by being In the neighbourhood of large towns , they may easily procure employment ; and this too hot In tbe present servile manner in which they are now obliged ts solicit it . bat by ! delegating the best qualified person among their body jto attend to this division of their proceedings , and thuB obtain all the reaulta without tbe interposition of another party ; whilst their children may always be practically educated , and may , at an early age , be made contribute more to the ; general stock than they withdraw from it .

      Any parties , however , who shall think of introducing this mode of obtaining free-trade in all things With all the World , ! mu 8 t take 6 are that they admit no individual to take part in their proceedings until he shall have manifested tbat he is actuated : by the desire to promote the universal good , or as they woald say here , is filled with Uhe love spirit . Unless this prerequisite be obtained there will be no unity ; and without unity tberejean be no successful results . I am , Sir , your obedient Servant , ' William Galpin . Concordium , Ham Common , Surrey . July 24 , 1843 .

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      THE NATIONAL BENEFIT SOCIETY FAVOURABLE FEATUKES AND CIRCUMSTANCES ATTKKDAST ON OUR ADVANCED POSITION . TO ' THE CHARTIST PUBLIC . Brother Chartists—Having in the short space of five years , concentrated hundreds of thousands , of the true Radicals , under tbe fearful name of " CbartiBts "; having congregated [ the majority of our fellow-slaves nnder our fair banner of right , troth and justice ; having petitioned and demanded , by millions of signatures , the establishment of OCR Magna Charta ; having waded through a mighty tide of persecution , and weathered the

      boisterous gate of faction ; having borne the heat and toils « f a long and dire camp lign , and come forth victorious from tbe field , though with great low of men and muni ' tions . standing to our cause and colours , though our chiefs fell into tbebands of our powerful ' and wealthy enemy : having by those many and mighty evidences displayed our . great moral power and worth ' , and out yet dormant" physical strength , " we are become a party capable of carrying forward tbe roost extensive plans for the amrfio » ation of the manifold grievances of our order —the order of industry ; and are the only party equal to it 1 Thjs WORK is THEREFORE OUK 3 ; and turn must do it I | j

      Tub fact , that we have been , an 4 still are , associated ia vast numbers throagbdat tbe country , in one body , undvr odo title , having the same objects in view , the sama d . eair » a and interests . —and those the elevation of tbe toiling class fromjdegrariatien , misery , poverty , and the continual dread of wretchedness and starvation , to a life of happy healthful labour and competency , peace and joy ; these facts prove that we aru ia a position to put into operation tbe most extensive machinery necessary to remove us from out of our pttsent grievous situation . ; " Oat ef evil cotnetb good . " ;

      The very ills ot whieh we speak have produced , and bx « producing , favourable features and circumstances for tbe necessary machinery and operations to human redemption . Hundreds ef tbe middle class , who have , through the faulty medium of their " darkened glass '' of caste and party , looked upon us with prejudice , fear , and diotrusfc ; can , now that the wolf is at their door , look upon as as it were With other eyes , and fancy we are not the Chart ^ rts of yesterday whonV they petseeuted ! Nay they even now applied us ! Brothers , let not us upbraid tbem for the" change that bath come o'er the spirit of their dream , " but rather torn tbe change to our account Let us take advantage of their [ and our altered circumstances .

      Numbers of the small shopkeepers bave been broken up and beggared } numbers more will as surely be broken up ; numbers will have to sell off thek stock in order to awe somtiibing froni tbe general vrrok , and will Emigrate with their fuW pounds , but to waste it , in the hope of finding a bettor field fo * tbe exercise of their Ingenuity ; numbers ! of small farmers will share the same fate , or be sold ; up for rents and rates ; thousands more of the working class will be thrown oat of employ by improved reaehinery , and be added to tbe thousands who ate now cast over the country , to linger out a weary existence by bsgging , ot fill the mubdep BASTIliBj end incru&ee the rates for the putcta * i oi

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      poison , and coffins ; until bat two classes , widely distinct from each other , exist—the | wealthy land and factory lords , and ihtir wretched nominal serfs . True , it bath net quite come to this yet . There is yet strength left In ns wherewith to redeem our lost position . We can yet , by our united exertions , lead our starving countrymen from this vale of tears and despair , to scenes of smiles and hope . If we start each a society as I bave urged upon yon , these broken shopkeepers , tradetmen , and farmers , would sorely gladly invest their tew pounds ia it , instead of wasting their substance ou the wide Ailantic , and thus by tbeir united pounds , and industry , create happy homes for themselves , and enrich by their surplus productions tbe whale association . The breaking ud of the old

      system will be tbe making of the new t Wbo that hath stalled it io all its ramifications , bat will say that it is fast breaking up ? Tbe great ysteai ef trade—the extensive system of manufaotute that hath grown up so rapidly since tbe war , enriching the few and ruining the many , must of necessity min and destroy itself I Know ye not that the wails , and ramparts , and castles , and keeps ; and machinery of the manufacturers , Is only wealth 80 long as It is in constant use t Tbat partial use vronft pay the bolder ; tbat , without "trade" or " business , " great manufacturing establishments are so much dead aad useless and ugly matter ; as witness Acratnaas and Co . ' s concern at Bristol , Harfords and Co . ' 8 concern at the same plaee , and also ia Monmouthshire , -with many others . Tbat tbe

      thing may be patched up a bit longer , ia certain ; but no patch can make it endure . } The artificial system is subject to so many derangements , tbat it must be ever in danger of stagnation , and consequent ultimate annihilation ; bat Nature and her broad fields -mill continue for ever I Let as hasten then to return unto her I Once having made a sure footing onf the Land , we are safe J Prosperity is then before us . By the weekly contributions of those of our members iwho are in employ , and | the profits ef our colonies , we ' shall be able to procure all we need . Machinery , as tbe rotten system of credit explodes , will be at our command , at oar own price . I The laws will respect us . Justice , none of tbe "powers that be" will dare to refase us . Oar rights , political and social , will be within our grasp . We shall , ia such a society , be "lords of creation , " great and greater than the tinselled nobles of tbe Crown ' s creatien ; for we shall be truly Nature ' s nobles . | Tbe society I bave proposed is the sure and easy

      stepping stone to all these great advantages and this happy end ; and I call upon you , brothers , as you love and respect yourselves and families , to instruct your delegates to the National Conference about to be called , to frame the rules for such a society . It will bo seen , by reference jto my last letter , that I have not made any deduction for tbe incidentalexpences of carrying on the society ; aad therefore I will here explain that point The regular subscriptions of members under tbe graduated scale , I would appropriate exclusively to the purposes for which it was subscribed : namely , tho purchase of land or [ other raw material , and hold it to be a sacred fund , especially set apart for the permanent benefit of tbe subscribers ; bat for the general expenees of the society , such as education , agitation , pay of officers ^ delegates , bookai stationary , &Q . I propose to « atabliah a general fund , to be collected by classing tbe members as follows , to suit their varied circumstances : — j

      1 st Subscribers at Id . and upwards , per week . 2 nd . Ditto id . per vyeek . 3 rd . Ditto | j . or Id . per month . 4 th . Voluntary subscribers . ! A general fund , I think , may | be safely tried on this scale ; as all the members would have a self-interest in subscribing as much or more than they could Well afford to help on their Benefit Society . | Of this I feel assured , tbat such a plan of Varying-subscriptions must be adopted In tbe Chartist body , onjsccount of the poverty of tbe people and tbeir varied circumstances . Remember the parable ef the widow ' s mite , and despise not farthings .

      A permanent Defence Fund has been recommended by Feargns 0 Connor , the Editor of tbe Star , Veritas , and many others . It such a fund be deemed necessary , by all means let us bave it ; but of all things , let as have a National Benefit Society , with its sacred ,: \ or LAND Ajkn LABOUR FUND , and its General Fund . If , j my beloved fellows , futther argument be needed for the necessity for the establishment of such a society , With sneb fontfs ; and if eloquent appeals are needed to rpuse your dormant energies to the work , I would refer you to the letter of J . Leacb , of Hyde , in the Star of July the 8 th ; to those of Isaac Hoyle , aad Jataes Williams , in last Saturday ' s Star , concerning themselves and fellow prisoners . There , hear human nature aud haman feelings speaking in nature ' s language itself ; and let us answer as becomes men !— by words and deeds ! 1

      Brothers , —Prepare a shelter [ for yourselves against hastening calamities , which , even now , cast their Shadows before ! When the next Master ' s strike occurs , be provided with an asylum for the turnouts ; and let the Master-c ' ss * fight the battle of might and power themselves , and fall into the pit they dig for others ! j Your Brother , I Gracchus .

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      TO THE CHARTIST PUBLIC . Brother CHARTi 8 TS ,- ^ -Wbil 8 t I write I am sitting in decidedly tats meat prejudiced , bigoted , and priestridden city of the empire , surrounded on all sides by political knaves , and hypocritical ! pretenders to religion aud philanthrophy ; political quacks , and Ions-faced Pharisees—" roguesingrain " , and ] cross-grainedsnarlers , who will neither do good themselves or permit others to enjoy their opinion ; Tories who might claim the palm lor tbeir peculiar attachment to present institutions ; and Whigs , who are notj & whit behind tbeir felloWB iu bellowing , when they cannot have » share of the "loaveB and fishes" stolen jfrom the poor mac's table . Amidst this heterogeneous mass of sinners , saints , and quacks , here I sit , turning over in my mind what I snail write about ; or which of the parties deserve the first place in tbe ranks of the people ' s enemies . i

      I assure you , my friends , I find it a perfect puzzle to decide ; and for that reason will j take rather a general view of the entire ; and as this " ancient and loyal city of Bristol" has daring the j past week been the theatre of unusual proceedings , and has gained some noteriety , I will , with your permission , just give yon a brief outline of the occurrences which baae happened , commencing with Monday , the j 17 th instant . But before doing so , I will premise that although I have been an actor in the first piece , I do not insert it through any motive save that of shewing you the Real character of the company wbo performed upon tbat occasion . I must inform you , tbeu , that [ the Irish Btspealera invited William John O'Connell to Btir up tbe agitation in BrtBtol . Woll , he came ; and a dinner was provided at the sign of the Castle and Ball . I bad been , as also my friend Mr . Clarke ( a sterling Chartist ) , under promise to take two ticket * ; but whan the auspicious day arrived , a gentleman connected with the demonstration said I could not have them . and he

      believed my principled were tbe objection . He , however , suggested thu , t I might come after dinner . This I did not quite relish ; bat having to return by the Castle and Ball after our Society ' s meeting , i could not , although it was then ten o ' clock , resist thejtemptation " to pop my head in , " and have a peep ] at the " Inspector-General of all England , " who c'osed the Lodge againsb Mr . 0 Connor in London ; and here 1 Will beg you to ] remember nearly all the persona present were well known to me , and with many of wbom I was on terms of intimacy . i

      Before entering the room I soot up a note to a friend , asking if it would be improper to go in at tbat late hour ? This note fell into tbe hands of the Vicechairman , who was a son of my friend ; and be wrote on its back the words—" Come to \ me ; I can ' t stir . " This I did , after paying a shilling at the door for admission . At this time a Mr . Johnstone , a member of the Complete Suffrage Association , } was speaking ; and amongst other subjects touched upon the rejection of the Chartists by Repealers : be defended their " honesty of intention" in coming forward in aid of Ireland , and contended they were unfairly dealt with . This evidently caused dissatisfaction amongst the officials , which was not abated by my " solo" of •« Hear , bear . " Mr . Johnstone then went a little } farther , and asked " What suffrage was to accompany Repeal ? " And I must do tbat gentleman the justiee to state , tkat although he knew such a question would expose him to a castigatlon . be boldly stood up « n principle .

      After Mr . Johnstone came an Englishman , and he , poor fellow , chancing to say that "his eonntrymen would assist Ireland , " was met ] with the remark , «« I doubt it ! " The next was the Insneotor-General himself ! who plainly toldj Mr . Johnstone " be most keep his peculiar notions of ChartUm to himself j " and although ho ( Mr . 6 'C . ) would not speak harshly of the Chartists , he would , so help him God t get Repeal without the aid of physical force ] or the Chartists I Everyman , like himself , connected with Repeal , had at the bottom much the same principles as Mr . Johnstone , bat for certain reasons ; kept them behind the back . During this time a paper correspondence was going on from the vice-chair to the chair , ] and yen will presently see tot what purpose . i I forgot to mention , tbat my friend to whom I sent the note , came to me shortly after jl entered the room , and said , " If you attempt to say a word here to-night , I will be the first to have yon turned ont" I My reply was . " I will not hurt Repeal . " i

      Mr . O'Connell having finished ' his tirade , I rose to reply ; but , as if bj magio , tbe Chairman was " up to his eyes" in business , and Mr . O'C . < f believed it was tha rnle , while business vaa transacting , speaking Should cease . " " Of coussa you will hear [ me when yon base leisure , " I replied . " Yes , " from } the Chairman .. 1 saw tbe " dodge , " and watched my time . Another eote from the Yioe-Cbalr , and I was onjmy feet ; aye . and aowas every petson present I -walked up beside the Chairman and Mr . O'Connell , and then a scene occurred which heffltta description . I was alone as a ChAtttsi The Irish were about sixty , all middle class me * . They crowded around the Chair , and hemmed me in . Some stood upan the seats to have a " peep " at the Chartist I My Friends , I wM spare you a recital of the struggle for leave to speak , oven as 3 private individual with tho assembled despots . Baffles I it to say , that O'Qonnell , in the name of tha Iiiber&tar , asked it the rules ef tbe Corn Exchange , excluding known Chartists * eUQttd be kept iaviplate ? ta which be

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      received an affirmative from all but Johnstone—he , witb true apir tt held up his solitary bond against It , to which , ba received a blow upon the arm from one who is pore talkative than wise , and who accompanied hi * strikinpreproot withTtn 6 words , "Do you know what you are doing Jobnstone ?* "Yes , " was the reply , "feufe you do not . " O'Connsll threatened me , and shook bis doubled fist in my facer and asked " Are you a Chartist , sir ? answer me yea or no—are you a Chartist V * This was vociferously re-echoed by his now frantic dopes . I could notfVr tbe life of me reply , tbere w as so much obstruction , noise and confnsion . O'Connel

      kept shaking his fist , nnd tbe meeting hollowing , until at length , aroused by indignation , I summoned aad felt as if it were a superhuman strength : and conseises of my integrity , I made myself heard to say , " If that bell pail waa a gallows , Yes" ! Quick as thought O'Connell pat » motion tbat I sho ' nld not be hewd—the hands were already up in approval , when I tangbt him that a Chartist knew better how to act la meetings than be did . " You cannot , " 1 said , " pufc tbat sir ! It ia the chairman * privilege , and you cannot , most oot do it" He then put it through tha chair ; and when carried I met sueh mttsie 1

      Fancy , my English friends , that I stood as described , and had to listen to the most awful groaninsr , yelling , and hissing from my countrymen , and for what t FOR BEING A CHARTIST 11 And for doin £ what OConnell would cot do—sacrificing my individual interests and doing tbe little I can , without hope aud without wish for reward . " Turn him ouV'tame next " Whodarea 7 " I said . ( A voice ) " He paid fais money . " One said , "He cart stay . " "No , " I said » " not with bcc& as you , who fawn and crouch like slaves and retard your country ' s interest ' s . " '

      I lift , my friends ^ insulted by even tbe very waiters— - one of whom I was near kicking down stairs ; but I did not go until I made the " representative of the Liberator" know I did not consider him a gentleman or s Christian , nor until I told the tyrant to remember tba saving . " Every dog has his day . And when O'Connor conieo here next week , I will make your coward consciences tremble for this treatment . " Before this , by the courtesy of the editor , teaches tho public eye , I shall have done so I shall have told tha men of Bristol , how William John O'Connell treated me for attempting to defend tbeir principles , and they will have raised a cheer for tbe Charter which will drown the yells of faction , and shake the citadel of corruption to its centre in Bristol . Mr , Johnstone has since informed me that he received by an intentional accident , a blow of an elbow in . the mouth , whilst clinging near my side in the melee ,

      This , my friends , ia only a mere shadow of what passed , and even this is sufficient to shew you that the Charter is your first great object ; and tbat without it , we &ball not be ever able to silence the tongue of slander —or stop the progress of oppression . Therefore away with trifling J let us to work , and no surrender , until it becomes tbe law . When that day arrives wa will not have Princes riding in state under triumphal arches as la Bristol on Wednesday ; nor your money squandered upon foreign paupers whilst you are literally starving .

      The working men of Bristol gave the Prince a cool reception . Tbe ladies are dissatisfied by bis want of courtesy ; and all shades ot Reformers evince symptoms of distaste for royal holidaying . Never was there an exhibition so little relished ; and even the Prince seemed to feel that the people were thinking about such things . He was very pale , eat in the corner of his carriage , and very seldom condescended to raise big oat from his brow even to tbe ladies . There are many thousands ^ J mnst say , of those xrho will never forgive him for what they conceive to be ah insult .

      I cannot intrude on tbe valuable space of the Star , by communicating upon such subjects ; bat will just add , if wo had the Charter the people would have something el 38 to do than waste their time to swell such : harlequin displays . The next item in the week's business is tbe delivery of a lecture in the Pabiic Room , by the Rev . G . Solly . This lecture was got up by the Complete Suffrage party ; and from my own knowledge I can speak of its result , by informing you tbat at one panny admission to the body of the ball tbe entire sum realized ameuoted to 8 « . 9 d . I So much for " Complete Suffrage" in Bristol .

      This is the outline of a week in bigotted Bristol ; the next will be a glorious one . The prince Of the people , whom tyranny cannot conquer or persecution dismay ; whoftd doctrines are . truth and whose principles are justice , will be here ; and then all tbe saints , the sinners and the quacks will "he taught tbat there ia batons sovereign remedy for present political evils ; and that tbat remedy is contained in the jast and immutable principles of the People ' s Charter . I bave the honour to be , brother Chartists , Your very obedient and faithful servant , July 23 rd , 1843 . W . H . CLIFTON .

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      PARADISE WITHIN THE REACH OF ALL

      MEN , WITHOUT LABOUR , BY POWERS OF NATURE AND MACHINERY . Letter II . IO THE EDITOB OP THE NOHTHERH STAB . Dear Sir . —Every reflecting mind must perceive that the three inventions , enumerated in my last , — Gonpowder , the Mariner ' s Compass , and tha ART op Printing , have changed the face of society completely ; and that the deeds of an Alexander , a Cesar , a Tamerlan , and the lives of chose millions whom they bave slaughtered , are jnsigniiScant , ia regard to tbeir influence up / n mankind , if compared with the deeds of the inventors of Gunpowder , tho Mariners Compass , and the Art of Printing .

      The human mind , having once broken through tha darkness of the middle ages , with the aid of thesethree inyeations , marched on rapidly in the way of improvement ! Invention followed invention ; bat , with the exception of the discovery , or rather appreciation of steak power , and within a later time , the investigation of electro magnetism , the invention mere merely improvements in tools , which enabled a smaller number of men to produce more and superior articles of wealth than a larger number could formerly accomplish . This endeavour merely to improve tools , misled men from the real fount of invention , power ; power to drive the machines ; power to handle the tools ; power to do the work .

      Etxler opens a new way to inventors ; or rather brings them back'to the best way which they can proceed , ile , combining an inventive genius with the acquiremon ts of a philosopher and mathematician , has surveyed the powers of nature ; and clearly shown , in his simple and admirable book , "Tha Paradiae within the reach of all men , " that there is more power at all times at oar command , than i 3 required to do ten thousand times more than aU men ou earth could effect in the same time with their nerves and sinews 1 He has shown that there is sufficient power to produce in plenty all the necessaries of life , and to chana ; a our Globe to a most delightful Paradise . After he had spent twenty years of fais life ia observing and calculating , he calQd before his fellow men , and thus announces his discoveries and the result of his labours : —

      "Look : here , ye philosophers ; ye speculators ; ye who seek the philosopher ' s stone ; ye who undergo all hardships and dangers , and traverse the ocean from one extremity to the other ia search of money ; look here , —a new , easy , straight , and short road to the summit of your wishes is shown !—Ye , who are tired of life ' s toil and vexations , drop your tool , pause a little , and . look here at the means for a new Ufe of free labour , full of enjoyment and pleasures ; collect your thoughts , aud reflect with the greatest solicitude that you are capable of , upon the mesas and ways presented to 70 a for the greatest human happiness imaginable , for yourselves , for the objects Of your endearments , and for your posterity for ever . " < - -

      It is hardly passible to invite in stronger language the attention of men , or to appeal more to their feelings and desires than Etzler did in the first paragraph of his preface ; but many , who could not comprehend such promises , treated the matter as a mera fancy . This he seemed to hare foreseen ; for he at first said : — "here ts no idle fancy ; no vain system presented to amuse you merely ; no schema for deceiving you or for cheating you of your money ; but substantial means for your greatest bappmesaara displayed before your eyes , m a fair , open , and honest way : no sacrifice , no trust , no risk , is asked of yon ; nothing but the trouble to examine . If the author be ia error—why , you will then discover it ; but if he is right , then no endeavours , even of the greatest prater , will be able to disprove the exhibited truths . ' * Ia the third paragraph he showed that ho waa not only an inventor but also a philosopher and philanthvoprat .

      " * Why gives the author hia invaluable discoveries to the pabiic , which , if troe , he might sell for millions of dollars t—Or is he so-simple , as Dot t& know how to avail himself of his discoveries for bis best profiif ' These are questions yea probably will ask . I will answer them directly . It is because 1 want to sell these my productions at the highest price I can get for them , just as you do with yours in the market-Now mere millions of dollars are too low a price foamy discoveries . I want to sell them at a mneh higher rate ; * t the raie of seeing all my fellow mea audmyaelf with ibem tege&erv in the enjoyment of the greatest , happiness tbat humaa life is capable of ; because I see there is no danger in it , the wo ? ld being large eaoagh aad having means enough for affording the greatest happiness that can bo thought of , not only formyself . aBd a few friends , but lor all men on earth . "

      It waerogt his wish to monopolise machineary or to use his discoveries , timely for his own advantage His aim-was , and fe to this present dayt to benefit his fellow-men , and to live with them iu * state of peace and happiness . - Etwjsr tried for several years to interest governments in his inventions , that they might become at onoe tha property of whole n » Uoa « : hut ha spent hU time and labours in vain . He met every whero iritk ant indifference from those who are at the head ef state affairs : Another proof that the Govern * ments of all countries are , at leatt , tea years behind their respective people . I amv £ ir . Your obedient servant , C . P . STOUL « tBT « B . No . 3 , Northampton Terrace . City-road , London , July 24 th , 1843 . CTQbe < miinu ** -J

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      THE NQRTHER gj _ SJ ^ A ^ , j 7

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 29, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct812/page/7/