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Northern Star (1837-1852), 6th May 1843, Edition 4 of 5, Page 7, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      EMIGRATION . frHERE TO , A >* D HOW TO PROCEED . , -s or -4 I 0 € B THEOrGH A PORTION OP CANADA , ' i > -p SEVERAL OF THB STATES © F MXB . TH . XZB-ICX , P-i . BTICri . AHLT THE STATES OF ¦ KAvsACHrSETTS , RHODE ISLAND , NEW 1 ORK . ? £ 5 JST 1 TA > -U , OHIO , MICHIGAN , 1 LL 1 . N 0 I 5 . ViscO >" sI >'> A > D > rVT JEKSET , ¥ . \ DERlAKEN v th A T 1 ETV OF ASCERTAINING THE DExISABILlTI . OB OTHERWISE , OF EMJGRaTI' i . N ; 2 nd ' to judge of ihe best location , t ' oh i > gli 5 h isjgiims , fbom actual cesertai : on . -T IA WHEN CE PITKETHXY , of Huddersfieid . ( Continued from our last week ' s paper . J Tf , rK > "AL- —DESCRIPTION OF TEE SHAKER JU " VILLAGES .

      iftsi peimVcs ! soles remarks respecting ^ STeT ? Tori r-i i * fr jscer- psrt ? , J arranged my Inecage , and p . ct ^ d to iccorr-. pany ray friends Charles Earniha-w and i ^ ber . Ardtrrson to Aibany . -yCe tailed about two p . m ., and Tery scon discovered DO error in gcirg by the Tassel we were in . It w » a a jfc * tug bo : ii , with two } n _ £ gage boats attached *^ ' -: c . rtqnlm * twenty-four hour * for the passa ^ . .-, ^;; - * it : q- ;« k biats accomplished the journey in ttn / - " twelve hours . To metd the matter , I fca ^ scirctly ' viii-j i ^ f ^ re I bccaiue so unweil as 10 be coml »* u . -i - ¦ ¦ retire to b n » t 1 ±

      * * . - yfxTj . NEiDAT , ( J . —My illness increased during » v . i xizti aid i- ™ so 011 evident that it was a most T ^ ieEt stack o- the cholera . Towards nicrniiig I b-. - J ^ ' fee ^ e &s to be ssaree able to miitmt the stniis * - - > m ^ ^^ to tiis dscfc ; tbe cram P shifted from ^ sta tes plv : e , until at length it became so fixed in my S t le ^ as to ipapaciia U ? m « frem moving about , in . ^ sequence of the extreme pain it occasioned . I had HjpZd oa : cf bed epen the floor , on first feeling the i-aifc , and -sris S ^ sd ^ P * cane-bottomed seat as shjIt ' is if 1 ^ ^ en ^ d ^ neata a ton 'weight , with _ f ^ et on the % &xr ; after about ten minutes' nibbing , T obsiao 5 a partial relief , and , by the aid of Charles , rssared to erc-ss the Qoor . I ma certainly alarmed trbafd » crsmP KiXid my intestines , and vrhen I fss jj £ -d Trith ntema ! psin . Though it was excessively wV , I i&i to remain in bed daring a great part of

      lV i&J" * Ve ra £ « i Albany in the evening . j 3 TiSD . iT 21 : fc . —I started by rail wayjtbia morning , j a tit S ^ ite- Tillage , Kew Lebanon . The railway jeofiia tett itr ^ p inclined plane , such as there are not jn Brian * , unless stationary engines and ropes are used IB ihsacsnt and descent . Here there "were two locemojjn earJiss , but they -were inadequate for the task . J iawefei , » crowd of Een eime to onr aid , and afur a te&oss tad hard struggle , the train attained the sumaiit die hill , from "which » e had a most imposing Tiew cf ^ "" j&diOii and the surrounding country , as also of AlbB ; aty . Ws eoon got to Hancock , a Shakex Village . ] gxpected to hare been set down at New Lebanon , but I

      m tires miles off , and had no conYeyanca for my ( limes asif nor for my luggage ; therefore , after riewi g this plawsnt Till&ea , and cooTersing with some of the CT&tiren , who were Tery kind , I saw no means of tra ? el-Eag bat to waik ; so hsriag left my luggage in care of 2 s brethren , I proceedfed on my w » y . With much difimlty . ocasocsd by my luneneas , I reached New lebsnon , another Shaker Ertabliahment , where I met with my oil fri ^ ni Dinkl Fraser , who was at the " family honse " He was Tery glad to see me . He shook me by the han 4 . sod actually kissed me in the exuberance of his joy . He rook me to the apartments for the reception of strangers ind Tisiters , and brought me water with which I washed myself while dinner was

      prepsriuf ; but before I was quite ready , a be'l n-rvonpeej ths : Sinner was on tb . 3 table . I hastened ty tbe direetiwi of ay friesd , to tie apartment in the 11 iusily bonsc" whtre the straagera dine ; the distance Ta » abevt stj yards , oae part being laid with rongb tsp ud the other wilh gra-reL Tbe building is T&ry kip Bd lofty , and divided into lodging and other rasa . The " family house" is a spaeiwa * building , three itieiai bifh . On the underiDor , or basement , is the p jja » st apa t for cooking for the whole " family" as it it a&ed , which consults of about 100 males and females , aar « at lest ; the escor . d fljor is appropriated for taking tbsr oeals , and the third floor is a place of worship foi ist hmlj " onlj .

      I fossd dinner Tery neatly served np in a small ipBtasBfc , set apart lor the nse of Ttsitors ; none baif allowed to dine with the " family" until ttsj jam the commanity . Tbe " family" had just obb fr » m dinner . Bring nnwell , my friend had bpu jit me sonie medicated -wine , and did erery fr q possible to make me comfortable and give me a appetite ; but still 1 was Tery little inclined to sHu » hearty sieaL I had set before me some Tery

      fas lam , white atid brown wheaten bread , pndding B » fe from Indian earn , fruit pie , potatoes , squashes , fcUa > 7 betns , preserred fruit , two kinds of beets , and i ; bi ' £ * Enert butter 1 had seen in tbe country , and tqan to say 1 had « Ter tssted ; in my life . Nothing tosM be vijrs suited to my tiste than what was before me , jet ay state of body was such as to deny me a sat ( or efdrjtiung , excepting the squash , which wa « tfti ; delicLus . One of the Tirjin sistexs waited np- > n a * izrsi ! , ny repast .

      1 fessimed back to my apartment and my friend , to * hoo 1 had to answer the Jaany inquiries be made reliiiT'i to the old world—he had entered upon the art eae;—and it gratified me to find him less sunken tada the weight of his new Tiews than , from the ta >? cr of his Utters , I had been led to expect 1 st , or sapper , at six , consisted of nearly th « same ra di u did the dinner . S « on after t « k I west to bed , but wsj Tery soon wo » d by the most melodious auric , which greatly akHuited me . I arose , and though my apartment to drrided fiom tbe " family hall" by a court yaxd rf Kite twenty yards in extent , yet by the light Tiidi Kreamod through their windows I could dis-& « lj perefcUe that the " family' were at worship .

      Ttej had commenced a quick march , or dance , in K > cpl «; the brethren £ rst and the Bisters following , aprisf roand the room to music ! to « 1 ) performed by « hi w tea per » : ia who stood in the middle of tbe ta 2- They soon finished the tone , "when they bowed » d Rood st-n . When the tone was changed , they f ^ ffie oced again wjtfj the earDestDess of youths in a ali-rvja—stunpu g at one time acd clappiDg at a « iw . bat both mast ex ^ jllently timed to the music . " * T Qo not pray publicly ; tbeir opinisn being that P&olie payers are keproprr , and that every one , knowiH hii own wsnu , can alone exp ^ ss them to the ^ ty . 1 consider tbe soi t of exercise I witnessed , tte reppa , T ££ caicaiat ^ i impart health and secure fcsss-i » ' sep . Sre for the

      m ^ " 1 ^ " 8 ' * 3 t ^^ prepared ring or j& b ^ i to bresifast , which I undentood would be rewj v . nx , tbe regular hour with the " famDy ?<* ~* r lim ^ rise precistly at the appointed time . I wu st :. i nrwtl ! . mo lnAlie bnt an inutffrrtnt breakfast . i-B i < Ur BvJier , RlC-h \ rd , bad brcmgtt my luggage l ^ - ^ P * , &jm ^ station , a distance of three milea . ^^ aiwth in -wart of some necsssries and immediately Tp ^ ay tranks . Earing Tarious articles to digpose , i » a Tery sewn attended by the tlder brethren and ••**• ¦ » , whom I timid to be Tery pleasant and agreeable r-jwo * - 0 ± en of the breUir ^ n and Eist « tTa also came , wa i ^ rcciied su ch articles as they required ; tb"y like-^ : oruerea soice goods of a description which they w ~ a k * obtain in the country . While the elders of . ^ , * ftfg Vers Kttliag accounts , tbe mnsic commeiiccd , ^ iM . sarprisrd thst they should allow business to ; f * » om joining in tbe worship .

      ^» £ Dir > i 2 ± . _ . Aflw breakfast , Fraz-r at my re-^ ¦ * = fflt to the Elder * Richard / and asked him to p . w a handsome hand-Tice , which he b * d much ^ " ^ . ^ prerious eTening . He accepted the V * iiaS as * < i J ^ JTnent for briDgiDg ay luggage from OfthT ^ tv ^ - ^ 'Ckard' accompanied me to the office , isd iLT " ^ TU's £ e ' ¦ " ¦ bere I aiso made soms small sales , S » ito >^ y ° rdtiT extended - I examined the Tarions »«? - »» L a 0 Wn miDa : f » ctnTe , in tha Btore , which ^ jw ? r . eat , cousistiBg principally t-f toys . Fr ^ Zrr & * ' bStf ^ f ° ' ^ ibe 1 * me through the Tillage ; the wl T ^ " w - ° k&tps tte store , accompanied us to a aj ^ r ^ f * '? 1 . ^^ coatained machinery for sawing Vlz ^' a f * timDeT f 01 fencing , grooTing and jointing C ^ ** h , kef-, a taming lathe for wood , with other most

      ^—^ J . ingeniously conUiT-. d for completing * m i ^ 7 ! 7 " ^ least P ° a « We manual labour . All U . ] £ ' '& * ^ t and neatest order . A veaerattfcsfrjr 7 " * a : ^ ' who J fonDd to ^ h&Zzy communicatiTe than the generality of tbe p ^* ^ U yaeir machinery is propelled by water t ( fc— ^ ; 'prised to see a considerable number j °£ & 5 on " ° * " ^ *^ P' ^ r factory , as celibacy is en-Ua rt ^ - ^ ' o : nmunity ¦ ^ " * " told tk *? " * * 863 fn /»? of P ^^ ats who bad " taken np the cross , " sjj Io * » h F- ** - « iw wco b » q tasen up me cross , i sri 3 of be and

      fesa- ' v ^ ^ » tter happier state here **« ' bS ^ f npon tilem tbe Dime of brother and tk V ^^ tha t o ? husband and wife . Of course . 18 Sttearr , ' * * Droa « i-t np in tbe faith , and habited totte bS 03161 ? ^ unity < They " were " ^ » ttentive t ** w ^ T" ? 8 ffl vtlicil they were seTerally engaged , 'fcse *» t fcat « 51 ^ ehopping twigs for firewood . ° ttOKiti ^ t , ' bttli'l »> -aiily attended to their be t ^^ r I . k&med that this kind of firewood was Uka ^ pud ttez any other for the purpose of ^• Srf ^ , ^? ^^ s ^ gardens of ona of the l *^» iB riIl ¦ . therearefGnr " toi « ^ lage . The ^• ¦ ns * w ^ * ^ tbrough eTery portion of tkem . *^ nn ZZ * maa ' ^^ Polished in his manners , ui / ii

      wl * Oesi tK — 'objju ^ mg . i was pieasea ***^ s « d " readiness with which he could giTe to *•«« rfi , ^ L » a »™^ and to see and bear **** . » afl ^ taowl « i ea- He was of a philosophical , £ »« bad a , ea stored mind . ^¦ fcKfed S ^ ' * : ^ Eho-ffiD g w through ill his gardenB , ^ Thr , ^ - ving b 0 U 5 e fo » hsrb * » P laBt » > ai : d 5 ^ A eL * £ r f ^ - ' vere « eelle = t and exwu-? «* tiajr ^ r ? v e EUIilb * persons were occupied fii fittct lin ? \^ . 8 eed 3 ' Bt ;; 3 attaching labels to each ^ ^^^ * hicb th " y r =- *' o .-med with tbe us most ^ T ^ -J beS ^ : nr 5 Chi 3 e 8 for PresslE ? tlie P * - " - ? tb * rn t : " 9 ^ rea shai > e , ai : d f . r otherwise ^•^ - iio fTv Sal ? ; Lut the ^ reparati- ns were so * 9 *^ - ¦ - * £ ^ ^ yoad ¦ r ? t- ' - ^ ^ escribe . I par-^ ^ - ? r ^ ^ r "! -a - ' ^ = B P T 6 i 7 s--iid , ar .-3 in : Le

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      In the gardens , the fragrance of which was most delightful , we entered an arbour , in which I was invited to sit . This arbour was of a curious construction , being supported by some projecting maple trees from a rock which separated the higher and lower gardens , and frcm which we had a Tiew that , in England , would hiYc gladdened the heart of any lorer of scenery , and who would haTe concluded that this was alone intended for tbe abode of monarchy . It la without parallel in farfanitd Britain Gr Ireland . Afttr dinner all implements of labour were put aside in preparation for their Sabbath , which commences at sun set ob Saturday and terminates as the same time on Sunday . We ntxt Tuited the faujily vra * h-honae . It is supplied - « ith water , both good and plentiful . Four la » ge balers were fixed in a square , with communicating pipes

      for supplying each witn -water , and which they conld haTe at any requited temperature . Tha machintry foi wishi g waj moTed by water power . When the clothes were . washed they were placed in a press , ^ ut of which they were taken , almost dry , and placed in skips , and in two seconds , were removed iato the attics by machinery , -where raiU were eExed ou which thty were Lucg to be thoroughly dried , being kept free from dust or aoy soil whateTer . In the room below , were tabies a ]( ie the sides ; and in the middle a kin « of e : < : 7 x ; cr ov-. n ; for the purpose of heating the irons . Al their works are conducted in the test possible order ; tlK-. ir machinery beirjg all put in motion by the ssmt stream , which detctiids from a hilt , and a-ttcueh comparatively smsl 2 , yet , from their having constrocced suit 3 bl « xcsorroirs , they have gencraUy a EuSicknt suppiy .

      The Shakers tan and dress their own leather , and rruke their own wooden ware . ThciT brooitis , of ^ rhich they ir . at . u ' : ictnre large quanntirs for sole , and -which j . re maue cf the broom coiu , ate very handsome . They haTe also a small foundry . Thty spin , dye , weave and finish their own fabr . es ; make their own " soap and candles , laise and FtU . . by wholesale , garden and firld seeds , ul&o veRt ' - ^ ble medicines , which they likewise compound , and make their own sho ^ sand other clotb : rg . Their butter , as I before observed , is the best ; : i the country , and brings about ODe-fourth more this tbe general price ; their orchards are so extensive and pr < xiuctive as to enable taem to prest-ive acd diy large qusntities of fruit to serve them during the winter . Indeed , they raise wheat , corn ( Indian } , oats , and barley , with every kind of veget& . blts in abundance .

      They rise , tuniHytr , and winter , at four o ' clock , or very sconer afur ; breakfast at six ; dine at twelve ; and sup at a little psst » ix . Ttey are feappy and cheerful with each other . No strife ; but , on the contrary , love acd affection , reign throughout their abode ; aad untqnailed order and regulsrity are witnessed in every department Their industry is not less systematically Cirritd out than is every other thing . They are like bt £ 3 in a hive ; and though *? parate from the rest of tha world , they assured me that thtir temporal duties are not less attended to than are those of a spiritual nature . And let it be remarked , that though they hftre one common interest aud one common property , in

      order that it may be annually shown which of them h , aa been most ingenious or most industrious during the year , every family manages their own seeds , mftdicines , and manufactures ; in fact , though living in " commuri-ty *'' they compete with each other even to an emcess of ' industry ; for with the 7000 or 8000 acres , o = rned by this one village , and with a constantly increasing xos > sa of wealth , I consider they ought to relax a little in this respect , particularl / as the brethren and sisters know that they cannot be supplied with either clolbing or money , but at the pleasure of tbe elder brethren , who haTe both in their own eare and keeping . Tory are remarkably ready to Welcome all visitors , ar . d refus- ? accommodation to none , whateTer be their

      creed or eoiour , old or young , married or siDgle . They affjrd every information as to their tenets and principles ; and if these are embraced by the inquirers , and sll other circumstances are favourable , they are admitted into the " family , " eTen though they are married , if t > . ¦ husbani and wife consent to separation , and to charge the appellation of " dearhusband"and "loving wif- ' for the teras " brother" and " sister , " and otherwise abide by the rules of the establishment , which , if tbty break , they musk forthwith leave the sosety . All you possess must be taken into the institution , and you can have do further control over it than those who take nothing ; and should you leaTe , you can take no property away , however large might haTe been the amount you take in on your entrance . While there , you are joint proprietor of the whole property belonging to the " family . "

      Li-banon Springs are about a mile distant from this village . The place is a fashionable summer resort for th& wealthy of the Southern States of the "Union ; and the -visitors to these medicinal waters , actuated more by curiosity thaa a desire to jo 5 n in their mode ot worship , used to attend the Shaker Church on Sundays ; but not acting with the desired decorum , they , amongst other things besmearing ! &s is Tery common ) the place with saliva , which tbe Shakers held in abhorrence and designate " defilement , " it \ ras thought proper by the " family" to close tbe church during the season , and ¦ confine thenwelTes to their family halls for the time . To show the effect of this regulation , I may here state that one hotel-keeper told me that it had been a leas > . o him of more than l , 06 # dollars , and tbe season was not then over .

      New Lebanon is only one village of these strange devotees B-sides it , there are seTeral otkers , one of which lies about three miles distant , and \ s called Hancoik Shaker Village , in which tbe brothers and Bisters are less numerous . Another settlement is less distant , but qnite distinct There is also a settlement , or colony , at a place called Waterrelette , near Troy . Another is to the ' Eaat , near Bsston , in Massachusetts . There are more to the Westward , in Ohio , and many other pluses . Ntw Lebanon , howeTer , is the centre of the whole sect- Here they hold their Congress and arrange al ! th « ir general business . I did not hear of any appointed minister of religion amongst them . Persons sustaining office are elected in the following manner : — The brethren and sisters converse together , and a person ' s natne , or more , as the requirement may be , is mentioned , and , after reasoning over the matter , the appointment is determined upon by common consent , ft-. d not by toU-, as is all but our universal practice .

      The three nearest Triages are most beautifully situated in the Stite of >* ew York , bordering upon that of Sfassichucetts , in a rather hilly than mountainous district , partly sloping banks and partly plains . The wood that remains ia onJy sufficient for ornament , firewood , building , and other necessary purposes ; and truly the large , handsome , clean buildings , with the hill and the dale , and the exactitude and order which throughout prevail , makts the place look like a very paradise . SttmdaT , 14 tb . —Again I was up at Sve , posted some papers , and r ^ d a porticn of the Memoirs of Ann Lee , tbe founder of the Shakers , who was the daughter of a blacksmith , at Manchester , in Lancashire , and who with her father and other relatives , emigrated little

      more than fifty years ago . I breakfasted at six , and ( was again invited to attend trorship . My aria ehiir was placed at the end of the ball , with a spitoon by its Erde ; because , to spit upon tbe floor would inevitably _ call forth a remark from any one who might be near . " Sritoons" are necessary ior American visitors ; for i the Yankees have acquired habits of smoking and Bpit- : ting which renders them remarkable to all , and offensive to many . This is unfortunate : as it tells much : against tbe people , on the ground of cleanliness . I have before stated that the Shakers hoid the habit of ' spitting npon th « floor in abhorrence , designating ' it " defilement" To prevent this , they invariably

      place a " epitoon" by the side of a -visitor , so that he j may indulge in his habit without offence to a most j cleanly pesple . I found that their form of worship is seldom , if eTer , tw ice the same . Those who are selected , or whose turn it is to sing , strike up a tune ; aiid then the whole body marches , or ihakes , or dances , j according as the tune rf quires , jftwaa a great deal j more struek this morning with 'their performances i tha ' . previously . After a quick march they , all at I once , begun to form in line from one end of the hall to ; the o ' ther ; one half with their backs to tho wall and , windows , while the other half commenced a kind of . backward &pd forward step , and when fcbey got to tbe , extremity of their backward march they danced a step j and moved forward . As usual , the sexes kept distinct i in dancing as well as in marching . .

      They afterwards formed themselves into two close divisions , in the centre of the room , and the Eider Brother Richard ) in a Tery plain manner , explained seme passages of Scripture , Then several of them exprusitr't their inward emotions , in words , while others &ecu . ed writhing in agony . They generally kept np a degree of shaking motion ; some of them to an extreme fcxcee-iingly painful to witness . The head , in particular , as well as tbe whole body , was kept in a sort of loDlng motion , epparently much more in agony than in joy ; and one sister expressed her affection and grstitute so strongiy to the Elder Sister , for the instruction she had imparted , tisat while she embraced hex I c&rtainly felt much affected .

      Feeling ill I walked out , and was much disappointed , one of tb 9 brothers baring come to my room , while I was out , to invite me to their afternoon exercises . I lost this opportunity and only saw from my room , through the windows , much more of their excessive motion , such as whirling round , tumbling down , &c . Their tunes are most enlivening and are frequently accompanied by the clapping of hands in accordance with the sound of the feet . A noise , somewhat simi ar to that made by the Irvinites In the " unknown tongue " was made by the Shakers ; and which I could distinctly hear in the building in which I was , at the distance of fifty or sixty yards . The stamping was excessive . As froon as the sun went down they told me that the sabbath was ended ; and not reflecting that I had as good a right to respect my sabbath U they had , they commenced talking of basinea * . This day thej dined at half-past eleven , aarf supped at half-past three .

      Mo . mut , 15 th . —After breakfast , my friend Fraser , ¦ with a spring cart conveyed me and mj luggage to New Lebanon village , distant about two miles , to meet a aach which passes that Tillage to another part of the railway than that I had stopped at in coming . Finding it bid passed , I had some difficulty to hire a vehicle , and only got to the station , a distance of eight miles , fp'o minutes before the train . The driver said many b'ttcT things against my friend * the Shaken , as be drove me along . I socii . jrot to Albany , and , hating left my trunk , I h-d it rim ^ ved to tie rail way , and paid ray fare to r ; ca . I va = 5 ,-i c-a on my way . but Lt Schnectady , : our * r £ 3 mile « distant , I had to 'S' . iit a few fc > nrs , - and

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      before night came on , I took the opportunity of looking round the plaee . It eensist * , principally , of one long street of shops and warehouses , with a few hotels . The Erie canal runs through the town . There is a Bpacioug College at a little distance for the education of students in law , physic , and diviaity . We left at nightfall and reached Utica at half-past four next morning : I then took my fare to Oriskany , where I staid to see a friend . I then visited the woollen factory , -whicfe was tolerably filied with good machinery . They manufacture woollen c ! oth , carpet * , and eoacii laca They buy no wool , but barter their goods for it ; neither do they pay wages In money . T ^ e workpeople receive what is termed ' ¦ Store Pay , " consisting of provisions and clothing , but no money . The parsun even has to preach for " Store P ~ y / ' I met some Rnalishmen at this place , among whom was a Mr . Butterneld , from Halifax , who is the manager and a partner in the factory . He is a very cool &sd cautious man , and withal very civil . I visited the store , in which the Etock was very plain .

      I again took my dtparture by railway . They would not take half , or second class fare , for -what they call ¦ way paisenirer 8 ; that is , persons going short etsgos ; so from TJtiei to Syracuse—because I had stopped at Oriskany—I bad to pay double , or full fare at Syracuse . I took half fare to Rochester . Night coming on I could see noihing . We went nt the rate of about fourteen miles an hour on this simple single-line railway . At Syracuse , about two and a-half millions of bushels of salt is produced annually , which is stut to all parts of tht Uau . n and a portion of it to otbtr parts of the world . The city is built upon a plain , through which

      the railway and the Erie canal pass . It is -wol ! built , and con'idt-rabk trs leis carried on in it . I arrived at Rochester a littb before 5 a . m , and enquired for Dr . Smyl ^ s , when I vrua told that fce resided four miles from the city . After a good deal of enquiry I found my friend Charles Robinson , who was in bfd , but he got up and prepared breakfast , and after looking round the city , Mr . Lon ^ rauir and Mr . Taylor were kind enough to drive vae to the residence of Dr . Smyles , where I remained during the niyht , and never was poor soul so torrcented as I was with an army of blond-suekers , called mosquitos . To-day the State representatives met at Albnny .

      Wed . vesda y , 17 th . — After breakfast , the Doctor and I each mounted a horse and took a round to visit i patient who bail been burnt yesterday by her clotkea taking Sre ; she was an aged woman , and had just been relievnl frcm ber sufferings by death -when we arrived . On out louad -we -were withiu sii ; bt of Lake Ontario , and the Djotor attributed the vast assemblage of mosquitos , which bad nearly devoured me , to his contiguity to a bay or branch of the lake which was only a mile from his bou « j . He also said there was some wet bush close by . Oa reaching the c'ty ¦ we dined with Mr . John Tgylor , dyer and manufacturer , from Kilmarncck , who had Iired ou a f > rm in Michigan , bit had exchanged it for the premises he now occupies . I was introduced to many countrymen , among others to Mr . John Caldwell , who , many years ago , had left Paisley , with the steeple of St George ' s Church in his

      pocket , also the goods of several tradesmen , and Mttled here . The circnrastince of his taking the " steeple" iB well known in Paisley and ita neighbou-hood ; the fact being tbat be was a member of , and treasurer to , the St . George ' s Charch , where the Rev . Dr . Burns , the famous Corn Liw Repealer , now officiates . Caldwell took with him a portion of the funds that had ba « n raised to build the church , the body of which was about completed , but the steeple was not begun . In consequence of his defection , it conld not be proceeded with ; and the churtb is steepleless to this day . This matter struck me tbe more forcibly , because of my having had so many j ) kes , en my visits to Paisley , respecting the man who bad fled with the steeple of the said church , the want of it being a common eyesore , and a common reflection on the citizens , and especially on those who worship at the imperfect chvwch .

      Caldwell informed me that be had been a magistrate ; that ho had been in business , ar . d that he was one of the jury that tried Mr . John Henderson , the preEtnt Provost of Pai&Ky , -when prosecuted on a charge of pike-making . I also met a few persons from Huddersfleld , whom I knew . I was informed that Mr . John Caldwell bad failed in the amount of 80 , 060 dollars siiice be went to Rochester ; that he had set np a splendid drapury store , and pushed himself Into credit , and bad swept the decks , and was now living by raoBey-jobWng , or lending on security at various amounts of interests , and exchanging one sort of money for another . Notwithstanding all this , a number of his countrymen had had his likeness taken by an eminent artist , a d paid for by subscription , ta be hung up in some hall in which they meet on festive occasions . I hope for the honour of the fraternity of saints , that it \ a not fixed in St . Andrew's hall !

      The city of Rochester is beautifully situated on both banks of the river Genesee , seven miles from Lake Ontario . Within the city the river feas three remarkable falls ; the first twelve , the seeond ninety-seven , and the third twenty feet ; and at a very short dii-tance from the city boundary its fall is one hundred and five feet These falls must be seen to be sufficiently admired . They give power for propelling machinery equal to 38 , 000 horses , and give motion to above twenty flour mills , eleven saw mills , one cotton mill , three woollen factories , nine large machine shops , one or two planing machines , through which they put flooring hoards , which cosne out smoothed , toiifjued , and grooved , and in every respect ready for putting down . There » re also a bedstead and general turnip ? factory , anri njany others , all the operations being performed by machinery . To give some idea of the business done , 1 may here observe , that the flour mills turn out annually on the average from 450 , 000 to 500 , 000 barieU of fl iur , the value amounting to about three million dollars .

      Within three miles of the city is the harbour for the steamers coming from Like Ontario , the St . Lawrence , and many other parts of Cansuia , and also those from the State * . Tbe railway from Albany crosses the river immediately above tbe ninety-seven feet fall by a strong roofed wooden bridge . There are two bridges across , and the new aqueduct on the Erie canal , which is tbe greatest , most substantial , and costly piece of public work in the State . I had not an opportunity of visr-ing Mount Pleasant , a new burial ground , one or two miles distant from the city . It is famed for elegance of design , natural beauty , and situation , in which respects it ia caid to stand unequalled . Everything was pleasing to me here ,

      excepting the infernal mosquitos , from tne tflvcts of wnose attacks my head and face were r-riortnously swollen . Before I retired to rest one night we killed all -we coulrt meet with ; and the Doctor was sure that the room was bo Close as to prevent their entering . I went to bed in confidence ; but , lo . ' in two minutes they were humming about my head in as strong fjrea as ever . I struck about me in all directions , but to tmall purpose , I then got out of bed , and lighted a candle . The Ductor heard me from above , and came to express his regret . I toli him I was mere sorry on bis than on my own account ; that I had struck about me right and lefc , and must have murdered a h » st of the infarnals ,

      but that they still seemed increased in force . We again , as we thought , cleared the room , and went to bed a second time , but soon found the tormentors were there . I had not clOBed my eyes before they fell ujon me , piercing my flesh with their lancets in all exposed parts , not excepting my poor lame leg , which I was compelled to keep frvm beneath the clothes . Striking about me I found to have no effect whatever , I therefore covered myself , and pat up every possible- defence , and with impatience awaited the dawn of day , when I arose and walked in the fields , where I ichalcd tbe refreshing bretzi , which cosnmnnicated the most delightful sensations , contrasted with the tortures I had experienced during the night .

      Thursday , 18 th . —My kind friend Dr . Smyles was in some degree disconcerted consequent upon my not having succeeded in effecting arrangercents so as that he might accompany me to the Far West , and which I regretted exceedingly , knowing , as I did , the delight I should feel in communing with his intellectual mind , aad how in the " back woods" his cheerful disposition and inexhaustible and highly interesting stores of information would have charmed me in my course , and bis research added real interest to my earrative . I was , however , compelled to forego the pleasure of his company and do the best within ray power . So after much conversation on the subject of Emigration in particular , which would be out of place to narrate here , after dinner I prepared for my journey to Buffalo , and

      was advised by my friends to go by the canal packet . I had again to travel by night through a most interesting country . By the light of the moon I could perceive that it was pretty well cleared and cultivated . We psxsed Albion , Holly , Albeston , Medina , Middleport , and L&ckport . At this latter place , I observed that one part of the town hy upon a low flat , while tho other portion was upon a high bank , the scenery being most picturesque . The five locks at Lockport by which the boats ascend to the level ot Lite Erie are of a most substantial and ingenious construction , with a novel contrivance for letting in the water , of whicb they have uu unlimited supply , and by which the boats are lifted np with unparalleled rapidity . I was informed

      that vessels could be taken upwards in tun and dovrn in seven minutes . Tbese locks are quite new , the old ones being in part removed ; they are composed of large blocks of granite , cut in most ingenious forms so as to bind the whole as one solid rock ; there are stepB on each side by which to ascend , and arches over each lock by which to cross on tbe top . The top of the upper lock is on a level with the great Lake Erie ; and here is the commencement of a catting which extends OTer tw « miles , of great width and depth , through granite , and is said to have cost more than the Thames tunneL The workmanship of the locks is not surpassed bj any work of the kind I have ever seen .

      Alter proceeding from twelve to sixteen miles through a fine country , tolerably well cleared , we approached the banks of the great Niagara river , opposite to Grand Island , of which we have recently heard so much conneeted with the lite straggles between tbe Canadian patriots and the British hirelings . Above Grand Idland , the river appears to be not more than half a mile across . I could read the signs in front of the stores on the Canadian shore with the naked eye . At Lockport there Is a flue elevation from which to Tiew the plains below ; my enjoyment , beyond a glimpse , of the view was prevented by our coiifinornent in tbe deep cutting , as mentioned above , after pissing which , I , for the first tin ! = sinca my landing in the eouctiy , g .-ae ;} upon an « . xt > ' k-1 an i < : > . ^ htfa ! iasd 8 « aps ; ireeting the eje ia the directk » a of Like

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      \ nP a the leffc ' rose a beautiful and gently sloping amphitheatre clothed with groves , whieta , combined wjth the Canada «! hore , the river , tho lake , the city of Bufialo , the villas and other buildings , the rich foliage , and tbe famous Black Rock , presented a Bcene sublimely grand and imposing . Opposite the lower and tho upper Black Rock la a remarkable breakwater , for the purpose of keeping the water at a proper level , and also to keep the water of the Canal from the current of the Niagara ; upon this breakwater are several flour mills and warehouses , also a foundry at Ita extremity . Here a train of railway carriages passed us from the falls .

      We reached Buffalo about six o'clock . The waves of Lake Erie beat high upon the beach , at the verge of the city , the wind blowing strong from the west . At the point of the pier stood au elegant light-house , and in the harbour a number of well-rigged ships , of various classes were moored , and higher up the river was crowded with large and elegant steamers and srmller craft , which gave the place an air of grandeur with all the appearance of a aea-port , tha sight being enriched by the novelty of tho glittering domes of several hotels and principal buildings . Domes are rather common iu the country , and are oovered with tiu , which the rarity of the air preserves in perfect brightness .

      I soon found the residence vf my old friend , Mr . Junes Spencer , who would not , on any account , permit me to sUy at any other phce . I wrw recaived into his house by Mra . s . and the family with all the cordiality of a brother , and was informed tbat some friends , who had accompanied me . from home , bad called en passant on the previous day , and had left a pressing invitation for me to visit them in Illinois , to where th « y were journeying . Saturday , 20 th . —After dinner , I went to view the city , aud to make inquiry respecting the rules of tho Dutch settlements ; but I could meat with no oue able to furnish me with the required patticulara . I was much pleased with the city , in which I met wit > i many kind and communicative gentlemen . Mr . Spencer purchased a fine leg of iamb , weight about nine pounds , for twenty-eight cents , or fourteen pence . { To be continued . )

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      HARMONY HALL . LETTER VIII . TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAB . Sir , —I have in this letter to show some of the practical steps necessary to be taken for the formation of a universal association for the reiief of the human race from the poverty , vice , and crime which now everywhere bo frightfully abound . The first practical step la to lay down the principles upon which the union shall be formed ; for unless these shall be clearly understood , and « an be easily referred to in cases of difficulty , it will be useless to attempt anything like a universal association , and not only must this be tbe case , but the principles must be capable of exhibiting to the minds of all , such manifest proof cf their truth and utility , as shall make all desire to embrace them .

      Up to this period no principles faave been acted upon , systematically , In any age or country , which could by possibility produce that universal charity and kindness which is necessary to give tbe stimulus to human action , to produce sueh a change as is now required throughout society . It has been reserved for this , our day , when the facts of by-gone ages have been sufficiently numerous and extensive ; and have been collected and arranged by Mr . Owen , in such a manner as to form clear and distinct sciences , namely , the science of human nature and of society , for man to be enabled for the first time to meet bis fellow-man on a broad and comprehensive plan , with an equal desire to promote the happiness of others , that ha has to forward his own . This association , then , can only '* e ferrned on three great and everlasting truths , the opposites of the three errors named in my last letter , which truths

      arc—1 st That man does not form bis own character , either physically , mentally , or morally , but is made to be what we call healthy or unhealthy , learned or ignorant , good or bad , in proportion to tbe original organisation received at birth from bis parents , without his knowledge or consent ; and to tbe circumstances which are made to act upon tbis organisation from birth through life , which circumstances are equally forced upon him . 2 nd . That be baa not the power of himself te believe or disbelieve any particular thing or croed , but must do so according to the impression * made upon his iniud ; and in early infancy , it is Very easy either to imprc-aa true or false ideas upon the mind . 3 rd . That hehnanot power over his feelings to love or hate , but 1 b compelled to love or to bate according as external objects produce impressions upon him .

      These three truths continually kept Wore us , as the guiding principles of the eocitsty , will remove the causes of all anger , hatred , ill-will , and jealousy , and will give that spirit of charity and kindness for the feoliugs and actions of others , ttiut will continually stimulate us to persevere io tendering thorn every kindness , as we shall be convinced tbat we are thereby , in the most effectual manner , promoting our own well-being and happiuebB . Having clearly before us . the principles on which we associate , and the ultimata object to be obtained , the next step will be to form the orgarriz itien of the society , and decide the order in which the advance shall be made towards the object cotntemplsited . This step must be taken by tbe selection of ' the person tbe most

      highly qualified to act as President , ^ ho shou ld be invested with sufficient power to decide in all cases of difficulty , whether the principles of the association had been acted upon or not Ana this President should immediately choose a council capable of acting with him , in order that tbeie j may be at all times poifect and entire unity throughout the operations of the society ; and this Council , with an acti-so nnd efficient Secretary , will be sufficient to set in motion and curry forward all the measures I have enumerated , however vast and extensive they may become . The earliest business of the President and Council will ba to collect and register tha names of tbe central contributors to tbe land fund ; and to grant charters for the establishment of branches or classes

      in proportion to the members , for the purpose of local contributions ; and the parties so contributing must also be registered , with their agea . numbers of their families , state of general health , occupations in life , the manner in which they can advance the intoreats of the society , either pecuniarily ot otherwise , if draftM on th < s la-. id , and such other particulars as it rmy be desirable to ascertain . They should also , if possible , be immediately located on tho land , and c : ill to their assistance the best minds they can procure to carry on the agricultural and gardening operations in the most superior manner that the present knowledge acquired in

      thtse sciences will admit ; and they should employ upon the land the greatest quantity of manual labour that the means afforded them will allow . They should , at the same time , make provision for a Round practical education ; not in mere book-1 arning . but by realities in th « actual business of life , —being given not only to the children who may bo placed in tbe first establishment , but it should become a Normal School for training both children and sdults in such broad and comprehensive views of the benefits to be derived from association on universal principles , with one geaeral interest , as shall render th 6 ni fit , in their turns , to become the teachers and instructors of others .

      As soon as the registration was rendered tolerably effective , the President and Council should issue a manifesto or preliminary Charter , settiag forth tho objects which , in tbeir opinion , could be immediately obtained by a strong and united agitation ; and the whola force ot society—in fact of the millions—should be directed to tbe attainment of these objects by the enly truly legal power or force tbat caa ever accomplish any great work , namely , the pewer or force of an enlightened public-opinion . This preliminary Charter should not be confined to any minor or petty objects ; or to the obtaining of the objects sought through any favour ot assistance from individuals , parties , sects , or classes . Let the benefits to be derived be clearly and distinctly seen , let them be shown to be universal , and of sufficient magnitude aad importance , and let tbe meanB of procuring them be made evident , and it is not in tbe nature of man to reBist what shall once be proved to him to be hie own Interest .

      A great mistake'has hitherto been made in all publie agitations , by the parties acting as though men could be led forward faster than their convictions were obtained , and this must be avoided . The aurt ) , the safe , the steady , and the speedy course will be to givo time for the publie to weigh weil iho measures put forth , and whilst there should be no uupineness or inaction on tbe one hand , neither on the other should there be any b »? ty rushing forward to grasp at things beyonu our reach , thereby losing in a shadow those benefits which are obtainable , and preventing , or rather delaying , the accomplishment of the ulterior design .

      The practical reformer will always be distinguished by a calm , sober , pliilusopbic bearing , under any circumstances tLat may occur . He may be reviled , vituperated , aud calumniated ; those even with whom be is associated , and whom he most devotedly desires to serve , may array themselves against aim , and for a time overpower him ; bat if ha be acquainted with the sciences of human nature , and of society , or with the three great troths or principles on which alone this association could be founded , he- will soon rise beyond all party ot personal consid stations , and proceed with energy on the course before him .

      The first step towards producing tbe required conviction will be gained by securing aa large a portion of the public press as will open their columns to the advocacy of universal objects , and taking care they are from time to time well supplied with information regarding the progress of the society . The day has arrived when the public mind demands bettor food than it has hitherto been supplied with , and if well arranged measures are devised , and are calmly treated on , there is no doubt bat they will readily receive insertions in man y quartets .

      Another mode of assisting to accomplish the same object , will be by sending forth tartsntsd practical missionaries , capable of shewing clearly > nd forcibly the importance of the measus-us contemplated , and the manner ita which they are to ro obtained ; and these parties mu » t act in unity , directing the minds of t ' ie peonlr to one foCUN , . in ' no : ftc Ji .-llPltO . U ^ cll i . Uc rctuiuuT-jcding his owu u ; culur views . I £ tLoio bj n

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      strong powerful body of men capable of explaining in a practical manner tbe views and objects of the society , they may speedily produce a current of public opinion , sufficiently powerful to accomplish everything desired . The third mode and the last to which I can on thin occasion refer , is , to tfee calHuig of public meetings , throughout the length and breadth of the land , for the purpose of addresning her Majesty , memorializing th » Governriient , and petitioning the two Houses of Parliament , th ^ t the Charter so set forth may be adopted . I would take this step , not so much with tho fe ^ po of their immediate assistance , as to exhibit to t . heru the

      power , energy , and resolution of the people , in tbe business in which tiwy shall have engaged ; and if they be sufficiently imbued with true first principles , ? nd thereby acquire the moral force to act disinterestedly , and fox the general welfare , they may soon produce such conviction on tbe minds of the parties ad ^ Tesstd as shall mike them desirous of assisting in ev-iry ri . inner possible in forwarding the object to bo accomplished . I will proceed with the f urther consideration of this iubjeat in my next letter . I am . Sir , Your obe'iitmt servant .

      Wiuua Giiri . N Harmony Hull , near Siockbridge , Hants , May 1 , 1843 .

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      Flight op Mb * Finn , the Doblin Corporation Tbeasdbeb . —A great sensation has been created in this city by the absconding of Mr . Finn , Treasurer to tho Corporation . It appears that he sailed ia the half-past five o ' olook mail packet , from Kingstown , on Fr iday , for Liverpool , and Bailed on Saturday morning in the Great Western , from Liverpool , for New York , accompaniod by his family . It is not possible to state accurately at present to what amount he ia a defaulter , but the sum named ia about £ 5 , 000 or £ 6 , 000 . His sexUU'Utes , ofc ^ uvse , are resp jnsiblo iu their r

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      A DOUBLE MURDSR . Brjdgend , Saturday , Apkil 2 uth . —Thw :: eiqnbonrhood has been for tho Iaat f »; w daya vory much agitated by ths midden death of a respecable fanner , a Mr . Hoiwli , of Lr . li 9 ton , - . 8 ^ ag affi .-rnart of A-iatio etwlers , f / ilowed iaunoiiataly afterwards by : bt ryuilly BU > id (« n ck&th of a pjor woman nanu-d Jano H . v ; y , vho had fissi -leA in laying out tbe body of > Ir H . v-H . As may nat'irnlly be sutnmsed , the utmost cer ^ r p ; rra-Jed the whole natyhbuavbood «* rhe surpfS- 'i arrival of fruit deadly Fconrce . ckolfin . urnonq f h-im . Further circumstances , however , invested t ' ue irst with yery extraordinary and mysterious appfarant ** . . ar . d an investigation tois resolved o . i .

      The deceased Howell was , it appears , a bachelor possessed of propi-tty to the iii . itant of ab-jut , £ 200 par anjuHi . find w ^ s about to be married to a v ^ ry resptctaMa widow , a Mu . LeT . is . To this ma ' oii , it appears , the sister of the dece ; i . ; ei \ furmtr , a . Mrs . Th jraas , strougly oijected , as it would bo the mcira of alienating fryia her the pvoytrty to which , if h-. < H ~ A a bachelor , sh woulrt Lt entitled . H ^ r remonstrances with her brother La < i , ho ^ over , keen fruitless , an . i the ptriort fur the marriaire w . is fixeu . Thisb ^ i rg the case , o .: Frl-isiy se'nuiKht Mr HuKall brv' occasion to st'iii for Suine bei > r to ^ ae horse of bis i : tvrutjd brt-V who resj ' H . il nt p . sh ' . t distance , and the servant w :. « ' Ureat- ~; 1 to tftkr a j . i ? an- " fetch it . Some Mbin-iss . howevt ? p- -iwufsd Iv-r , nnd a lad , the son of a noi ^ bbi'n * -, w « n ^ f ., r it . On bis vfav thithci- he c . nlkd at the house of the sister : > f tht ; deceased , who asked him to go au <> nanu f > r Ler und le ; iv « the jsr there durir ^ cf his a ' osprwe . Tae boy did rj . and on his return to : ik the jar , and having proit

      c ^ "lett with Jo Mrs . Lewis , it was H' . lad with beer , and be returned with it to Mr . Howell ' s bands . Shortly alter , the servant girl wps tnk ^ n HI with vom t "ff r-, nd rtiarr ! ce i , and Mr . Howell , h&vicg druuk u . glae ; of the beer , was - at about , a quarter afler four oVI'joV . a ' so Ukan ill . vmh vomiting and dinnbOBd . Hii - iiincss increasing , he was put to bed and attended by the lad ' s nv < thfcir , and his sister , Mrs . Thomas , sent for , wh ¦ ¦> r » me ami app ' tared to be particularly attentive to him . A Mr . Pi-itchard , tbe surged ! of tha village , was also a-mt for , aad proiroance'l the disease to be Asiatic cholera , and rrc-ateci it accordingly . In tho course of this treatment it becoming necesBn . "y to appiy beat to the faet of Mr . Howell , the jar which had contained tha beer was omptiert and filled with hot water for that purpnge . All the remedies wfeich were applied proved , however , fruitless , and Mr . Howeli died at six in the morning . An irquest was held upon the body , aud a vordict to the effect that the iltceased died of

      Asiatic cholera was returned , and beyond the terror which isspread through the neighbourhood at this circumstance no apprehensions or suspicions were entertained . Trie poor woman , Jaae Harvey , waa called in to ass'at in laying out the deceased , and having drunk some oi tbe beer she was taken ill in a similar ra . nn < r , and treated by Mr . Pritchard for Asiatic cholera , having at the time no suspicion of poison . The poor vf oman , however , continued to get worse , and shortly after she also died . The servant girl recovered . Mr . Prirchard , it should be remarked , lodged in tha J-ouse of Mrs Lewis , and being in the daily habit of drinking tae ale and pronouncing it excellent , he untertiined no idea of the iilness having been produced by it . Some circumstances bavin ? , however , afterwards arisen , , which led him to suspect whether the beer had

      anything mixed with it , he poured some into bottles , which , together with the jar that had contained it , he sealed np and delivered to Mrs . Tuomaa , the sister of the deceased Howell , with directions for her to forward them to his residence . It appears , however , that instead of doing so sb . 3 broke the bottles Rud destroyed the jir . These things , ar . d the fact of a dog -which had licked up some of the contents of Mr . Howell ' a stomach having also died , excited the utmost suspicion . The bodies wero exhumed and the stomachs and intestines having been extracted , were proper )/ sealed tip and transmitted to Mr . Herapath , of Bristol , the celebrated chemist , whoaa fame in the testing of various poisons , and particularly arsenic , is not confined J England , but is well known to the scientific wor ! i * MrsThomas and her husband were taken into custo- "

      . and t , h

      , .. b < UUCO VI W . I «) >« " . V * VMKUIVUQHUVHI » f > ' * ' ^ Tlrt ^ b « en able by any of the tests which be had « . H to discover the existence of poison . This , how ^ . " "J be remarked , did not prove that poison I . ' l * * administered , as it frequently happened tb * !„ -, „ J ?!! , titles of arsenic might be taken without ii . li ^ ni S " vered in either the stomach or intestine ^ ™ T ° " stand , however , that Mr . Herajuth has > , ™ £ JT" £ allowed to examine the liver of tbe d < SxZa £ < £ i £ In ihe case of the man ( Howell > he stat J ^ TT W ^~; distinct evidence of arsenic having be ~ : ^ e n «

      he produced before the magistrates , th « Vn ?« i metallic arsenic It appears also tr J ^ i 1 ( ThJZ «* I tbat when he returned from the « r Stf ^ jg * had been sent by the prisoner out , > ' rT Thorn J with a white paper packet in her baud , wl j ( . h fihe £ her husband . The two prisoners , after bfc ; n , t { fl fa made a statement , which , it w : i ( je 8 ^ J " contradictory . * Mrs . Thomas said , she told h * r fcnsW to fa fc fa bottles and destroy the conter te becauae Bhe ( * Z 2 there might be Bomething in th , m ' 3 ££% *» Jg

      some one . « . " T - ? r ? l ^ ' ° ^ r states thafc he destroyed them without his wife s kuor ; , * J her of it she said he ought r Qt £ faaye done Be ™« Mr . Herapatn , on h » » vr mJj cauged ^ isoner , house to be searched , and fc u taken a ^ fragments of the jar , &c , for further ex ~ minUion * * "" * The inquii 7 was then » djourned { yr a weefe aQd tfa prisoners remanded .

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      ^^ _ ^ __ THE NORTHERN STAR . 7

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      TO THE CHARTISTS OF EDINBURGH AND

      ARBROATH . Loveus OF Democracy , —In course of some remarks addressed to a few friends assembled in WhitfUld Chapel , Edinburgh , to do honour to our persecnted brother , Kobert Peduie , I undertook to prove , in public discussion , that Messrs . Robert Lowery and Abram Duncan were politically dishonest . I have received letters from these gentlemen of the most scurrilous description , etating terms upon which they will meet me , that n » mac of Chartist integrity could accede to . An opinion , therefore , seems to have gone abroad that I have shrunk from tee contest ; I beg most distinctly to state that such is not the fact . On the following terms I am their man ; and I presume none will say they are unfair ; - —

      First—That they accept my challenge by wri ' cmg direct to me , stating the timu and place they wish the discussions to come off . Secend—That the largest possible place of nesting be secured , and that there be no money cfea gel ior admission . Third—That they appoiat individuals to s « t with , the undermentioned who will see fair play given on ali sides . Fourth—That I will furnish them with my charges against them in writing within four days after the receipt of their letters accepting my challenge , and ten days before the nigbts appointed for tbe discussions . Fifth—That the Chairman , at the closa of the discussion each night , do take the united ju

      Now , my friends , 1 tmat thess Gsntletnen are possessed of a sufficient share of moral courage , to meet me openly , and defend tbeir public acts , and their private stabs , aimed at the people's best and most disinterested friends . Their shuffling will not do for me ; if they do not eome forward I will draw them out by a complete exposure of their treacherous attempts to sell the party from whose pence * hey have lived for several years past I am prepared to meet them ia any town on this side the Tweed , a ; d although not over rich to defray coach and railway expences , I have a good pair of Irish legs that never yet refused to perform their office , and I am no way loath to use them in the cauae of truth and justice . Yi . u will also observe , that according to my conditions , thoy cannot expect any cash from the proponed discussions .

      I will appoint , as my friends , at E iinburgb , Messrs . M'Leod , Al an , Liuun , Watson , M'Don . - ilri , M Alist ' . T , and Cumming . In Arbroath , Mr . Robert Hagglns , and others whom he may salcot With a hope that you will not permit any undue advantage to be taken , and thanking those who hive apprised me of the secret workings of my wily opponents , I have the honour to remain . Your Brother on the common level of Political Equality , Con Murray . 139 , Salt Market-street , Glasgow . TO THE COUNCIL OF THE ARBROATH

      CHARTIST ASSOCIATION . Gentlemen , —Your advertising puff in last week ' s Star is answered in my letter of this day , addressed to the Chartists of Edinburgh and Arbroath . I remain , Gentlemen , A Scourge to Political Trafflekers , Gon Murray .

      Untitled Article

      TO THE EDJTOK OF THE NORTHERN STAR . De \ R Sir , —According to Mr . O'Connor's request , I have sent you a correct statenieut of the &verrv . s ; e produce of my expariment on the lanii for the Hst four years . I have 4 021 square yards of land , divided into four parts , with crops as fol ' .- > ws : — N o . 1—925 sqar . re yursls , first crop potatoes , second crop owedHi turnips . No . 2-y 23 tquare yards , first crop cabbages , second crop potatoes . No . 3—923 square yards , first crop cabbages , second crop S-veuish turnips . No . 4—1 350 equate yarda in grass . Total , 4 , 021 square yards .

      I get the crops every year from Numbers 1 , 2 , 3 , and Number 4 always remain Bwaid . The above is thn order of the crops for this year . Next year the croj > y on Number 1 will take the place of Number 2 , and Number 2 will tak « theplaca of Number 3 , and Numbor 3 will take the place of Number 1 , and so on every year alternately ; ao that I have a regular rotation of crops , al ways having tbat portion of ? and laid np in ri <) ges in November th 3 t I shall want for potatoes in the foji ^ wing spring , and each portion of land lias in its turn wbt I term a winter fallow . The following are the particulars of each crop , and what I have found from practice to be the average produce of quantity and value for one year : —

      £ a . d . No . 1 and 2 contains 1 748 square yards ; produce 140 bu&bels of potatoes , at Is . per bushel ... ... ... ... 7 0 0 Nos . 1 and 3 contains 1 . 748 tquare yards planted with Swedish turnips , at the rate of six in the square yard , the averages each total weight libs , escb , total weight , IS tons , 15 cwt , at 15 s . per ton 14 1 3 Nos . 2 and 3 contains 1 . 84 G sqnare yards , planted w . th cabbages , at the rate of four in the square yard , the average weight 41 b . to each ; total weight , 13 tons i cwt . sold at 28 cabbages for la . 13 3 9

      £ 34 5 0 I give this statement ob the selling price that it may be compared with the value when the produce is consumed by cattle . I have had two cows supp . ied with food the last two ye-ara from tfao produce of tfcis land , with the exception of a little oat straw . The total weight of turnips and cabbies , the produce of one year , is 31 torn ? 15 cwt ., or 15 cw& . per week for fortytwo weeks . Tb . 9 other ten weaks they are fed on grass by mowing it aa it becomes fit . I fiud the average quantity of milk produced from tke two cows to ba twenty quarts per day for forty-six weeks , allowing each cow to remain dry for six weeks every year . £ 8 . d-Twenty quarts of milk per day for forty-six weeks at twopence per quart ... 53 13 4 Two calves , the produce of each cow , ,.. 2 0 0 140 bushels of potatoes Is . per bushel ... 7 0 0

      rotal of produce for one year ... ... 62 13 4 Cost of production for one year—£ s . d . Rent of land ... ... 4 0 0 raxes ... ... ... 0 10 0 17 days' labour at 3 s . per day 7 10 St-ed ... ... ... 0 10 0 rhree tons of oat straw , or if deducted from tho selling price of manure ... ... 5 0 0 Wear and tear of implements 0 10 0 £ 17 il 0

      Not profit £ * & 2 4 I have a boar pig , a breeding sow , and several other pigs , that live chitfly from , the refuse during the summer . Mr . Editor , I am very glad to see from Mr . O'Connor ' s letters thnt he is determined to combine tho plan of cottage farms with national organisation . I am q'lUa . convinced tbat the Psople ' s Charter will be sooner obtained by such a combination than by any other means that I am yet acquainted with . I shall be very happy to render every assistance that is in my power to obtain so desireable an object . I am , dear Sir , Your ' a truly , John Lintojj . Selby , April 2 Gth , 1843 .

      Untitled Article

      The Marquis of Exeter on Saturday last reduc-d by ten per cei lt . the wa £ , es of a ]] thfl WQrk _ men and labourers < n } , ; g empioy at Burghley and ihe other estates ot nis Lordship . The plea ir , that tho , reaucturaw to meet the income-tax on tho one hand , and the r educed price of provisions on the otl-eV . The sav > Mo to Lord Exeter , it is stated , will be £ 500 a-year . - ^ -Stamford Merairy . O . v Monday morning week , at Winthorpe , in the county ot Lincoln , a poor woman named Jes- ^ op , in a mom < SRt of frenzy , nearly cut off the head of her child , four months old , and then cut her own throat ia sac ' s a manner as to render medical aid unavailing . The most complete destitution is said to be the cause of this sad act . At the time of her recent confinement , straw waa her bed , and one blanket her covering , while the house did not contain a single parlicie of food for her and her five children .

      Curious Case . —A curiou 3 case occupied the attention of the magistrates at the Lambeth Policeoffice on Monday . The following application was made by Mrs . Harriet Campbell , a midwifp , residing at 17 , Umberatonestreet , Commercial-road East : —She stated , that on the evening cf the lOsh of August last , at dask , an elderly gentleman , enveloped in a large travelling cloak , brought to her house a young and delegate female , and entreated shelter and assistance for the latter , who was very ill at the time , and in fact in labour pains . The geutlemaa added , that they had been on the river together in a bteam-boat , and the lady having witnessod a colli ion beiweon the boat which they were in and a wherry , by which the latter wag upset , and threro or four persons placed in great

      jeopardy , premature Fafaour had been brc > iu > ht on , whicfat rendered it , impossible for him to take her to her resideace at tba west end of the town . Applicant , from motives of humanity , and observing that the young woman was momentarily about to become a mother , took her mto her house , and had scarcely time to prspare the necessary accommodation before tbe lady was safely delivered of a daughter . The gentleman who accompanied her evinced and expressed the greatest possible anxiety for the safety of both mother and iufrut , and entreated that a suitable nur 3 R should be provided for the htt

      was Williams , and that he was a grocer in a very extensive way of business . She also said that her name was Cathariue Mills , that her mother kept the Union Inn , at Carnarvon , of which place her naole wa 3 the clergyman , and that she had a third uncle the cap ' ain and owner of a vessel . When the lady left her ( the applicant ' s ) house the gentleman gave her £ 2 for her trouble , and 143 . a fortnight had been sent her for the nurse until the 27 ? h of November , when it ceased , and from that period to the present she had not been able to leara anything whatever about them . About a month after the payment ceased , a lady of dashing appearance called , and told her to continue to pay the weekly amount , for she little thought what tank of life the youn # lady moved in . She said she was a lady of fortune , entitled , when , coming of age , to a property of £ 3 , 000 a yaar ; , that she was then only sixteen years ef ago , and had unfortunately become preguant by her mother ' s foot boy . The mother had managed to get the servant sent on board the hulks , and had

      gtven the geutteman in the cloak ' £ " 200 to procure her daughter a safe asylum during her confinement . This statement , from a person of such an appearance as the lady , satisfied Mrs . Campbell for some time , and many mouths she continued to pay for the support of tho in / arnt She oould not now continue to do so , and applied to the rxt / gistrate for advice , the parish of St . . Geonte having refused to relieve her of tho child . She hud uia ;\ e every inquiry at Carnarvon , but nothing couM beascrruined of t ' i « motlur or l . ; T . co- >' icx '''' . * . The cu * w , s f ' o '> rtjd f \> v the alien Janca oi eno parish uffioer ...

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), May 6, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct801/page/7/