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Northern Star (1837-1852), 29th April 1843, Edition 4 of 5, Page 3, Untitled Article

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    • 530tttD
    • SHS- ' G OTEBKMEST FACTORY BILL.
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      Untitled Article

      gjPlT TO DB . BOWBEJ&'S PBEE IBADE * __ OTJRISHE& cpGSSX BT H—iSSU ? XT THE __ IT _ r-I _ Jt _ THEATRE . i _ s , OH Dmry , —id is tfcy name ^ 3 ay deserrei 'Tide-spread ferns To be blasted ij snch iriekstert same , In name of Troth ? ij , a& » U toy 3 * " *^ SbatopeaiB * page , 3 $ e invoked to serTe an iron age lrvdiion masters , on thy stage . ^ W _ o biig _ t om youth ? gjoU they who Shakspeare ' B hrethran "bind To feed the fire and rack t _ e mind , x « treit them even as human kind , " * But mere machines J

      ^ ijjl they « say speak wrong , ij _ finpe ttte g _ Sng , trusting Qxrong , To tt _* they'll stand 'tween -weak and strong , Tet take Hie — "we , TTlereby ^ P ^ iiTe rf ola ; ¦ jjn ta ^ rithm the nia e-spread fold nf death their thonand slaves are roll'd In Jack of hire ? Tet do they dare on Stese to call To help them all the worid t' enthrall , T involve in cruel competition all Tin avarice tire . Hjey pate of Freedom I which Is still To obeT a tyrant master * -win , i s * if our tan their coffers fill , **^ And ioTr the neck .

      Prt » Infancy our diiiaren toil I nfceVnes , health and mind io spell , ¦ rrvoTB •? ics and crime our efforts foil ^^ To holdin check . yorfijese ajeyMkM - Shall Tre league ? ifo ! J—bsi fcom heaven any plague _ 3 _ K&tnre operates W _ craw •^^ Than such as this j ^ j n ^ he «¦ Extenaen" lords -we ban , iSeiher eaD and cailixff spnrn ; v _ ISertt oi _ 1 > osoh _ burn—*_ -u ^ v We w _ be free . _ .. j S . J .

      Untitled Article

      jfc Oasfler , in Us " Fleet Papers of the current weLits gfren Ms opinion on the bill of Sir James * r i _ iB on Factory Labour and Education . We iiesHTea great _ u _ ber of omr readers will read wi _ _ reresi the remains © f their old friaadYand n therefore make no-pologj for inserting the entire lette . Ee tins addresses the Minister : — TeiheBiMHm . Sir James Graham . Bart _ LP ., Tier If corset Principal Secretary of State / or ihe Some

      Dtparimaa . S _ , —_ B ~ y are the inqniries -which are male of me , &o _ » a psrts ot the factory districts , by masters sad B £ C " Dd yon approTe of ibe BUI for refolafinf the employment of children anfl jemzg persons in Factories , irtiich Sir James Graham introdnced on the 7 th nit . to tee House of Commons f I *»«*> resolved , in this Isher , to _«~ er all those Inquiries . 1 t _ l yom most seriems attention to my remarks oa thai delicate and important subject , because 1 am veil aware flat there « no person in a condition to give yon ' better informaii—i or mare sound advice . It i » a qafsfion "whidi is peculiarly my own—to it I htre derated more time aad labour than any other bus . I have investigated it in all its bearing *—3 have pmroed It thonshaS its rtmifleations . with of

      im j _ 3 ___ y _^ ra _ nied - every class perwbs toifbkh it refers—1 koov all the interests -vhich % fp ^ rrtL I msy add , too , -without fear ef soceesafol eataiTEinon , that I enjoy the confidence of that large md mast interesting ciaES o { m 3 ' i * & ° ' 9 Krtjects , -whom it ekot efpedaDy affects— " the children and yonsg per-K 33 EEpK > jBd in faetories , " as " » ell as of the better portouf CiHr innployers . " WI ^ iei it is -viewed in a reHgions , moral , pfcjacd , social , political , or commercial "besxing , 1 isiTi closely inveidgated and deeply pondered on its

      I ib , iDcesd , so nonce 02 thePa « orj Qaettdon . I Ijtb fived many years in the heart of the factory distrto—ihaTe taken - * most active part in that interestisjtntilioii , - » hich naaat length issued in your Pacto-Brfis ^ tisSon BaL -f 7-% j lue ianng the years 1 hare been doomed to a jraotb ^ I Indeed , teparated roe from mere active exsrfiaa in that emse , but has sot interrupted my eommsikiSiaa-Eitb the employers and the employed . No J % laibsea taken by-them -witheut my knowledge . Hj . tnii ^ tBPnt and retirement have afforded me the tet pppcetmity of « almly reTie-wing every part of that nat ' -tetmaSag sxtd ictricate qnesBoin ^ tti ^ liave eaHsd Es la do so entirely " divested of that nnVfffnt and Enthadann irjiicii participation in the k £ w tolsea of agitation necessarily inspires . If I TBS&y iM energetic in tie field , I have been r * d ™ md rrotenplaiire in tut cell .

      12 a » e ssid enough to claim yom atteniasn to my ob-JBnScns en a taiject frith -fvbioh circttmstances have ia * etEBccteJ year name—^ a qnesfion which can tera I * mooted inthcat ~ bnagiXig iaine to the national se&sc&za . 2 / Enrrer to an -who ask my opinion—and , as I im kJd jot , fhej are n ?^ cr—» , I eniirtfy ^ isapprwe f&t JBS 1 vMdi you Xatx introduced . If it be really Jwr oJ ^ cct to settle the gctstion , jen have mistaken fte .-wy—if your intentian be to render it still more

      ifiaSxg , vaaUouB , and intricate than it has ever letohten , yon- have jmcceeded . And vky ? hi addition to the Ttry objectionable poijits in Loid 15 &aj > Esetaiy BegulaSon Aet—t&e t \ ro seta , gang * , ff rdsyi of children , and the vexations and « neonsta-SfiiaBl , £ 3 "well- as expenKYe sjBiem of inspection—Jts lave now introdceed tJbo 3 e fearfnl engines of nafejlSicoTd 1 'tbeItfe-s Poorl * i ^ " and "aieCom-E % ee tl Ccandl on EJacstioB , " * by concecling 'with San as administraUon of the Factories Begnlation

      ^ Hid yoa been -WEll-informed tfith respect the fc ^ Ej that pervades the minSs of the people of Bug"S 3 , yea-would have been au * that the introduction ** S » e &edi and irreJeTart ratjects of contention into « s Jaetorj gcEStion Trcnld ir . iail : blj prore fatal to its P ***!! sa £ proper seZGenesf . 1 fia ioi mesn that yon cacnoi cirry it thronghPirlia-^ i—S « r » it is ao-sr prorf-a that you are omnipotent ; ^ & " m the country , yon ougM to have tnown that the * 31 TMch yon have introdaced -trill be the fruitful ^ Ks e ! iactaiiiEg stril ^ £ iid of still greater

      per-. ^ fw r - -ttespt to estalai ^ i the 2 fc-x P-jor Is-sr more ^^ tj ffioss cf the Fact-. rifes ErgtOation Act—your *?*?* rf ^ EEPTiEf , bj thfcxsme m ^ ass , the education ^ h I * ¥ P »« aKrely frcm the Cbureh , ( if you are perf ^**^* 5 et in the -wedge you -will soon dri ? e it home , ) ^ PaciEg it in the haada c-f " the Committee of w ? 2 iscatio 2 » " "sriH , fcventuilly , raise up an jpwiJoo fcan , the Gburcb aid Ihe pecpls , to lrhieh , ™ ttnspsriaoa , tbt present murmurings of the Dissenters m te taiJ 7 ass gentle z-phyrvr ^ j yonr Biil is a Tdrooade moTem = nt—addinc to . dinj tLa the tfe

      ^^ 4 cf TBishicg , e rutlties of factory ^^ a- 1 « zs [ 3 can estst be £ ati 5 £ « d stith it . Jim to to

      ^ mtcEd gjve f « ee the fatare agitation of « actjy gji ££ tioa , yoa -mil pass your Bill ; if you e ^ raiOTe that irritafion from the body politic you ^^ 2 ra » it , and allow Lt > rd Ashley to settle the 35 = * , Sr , 4 he only reaHcn - » hy the factory ^¦ m has been allowed to Blumber , is , because tiie T ^ ei ae nvctory chiidrea ^ ere resolved that Lord ^* £ P « Act should have a fcir triaL That trial has L _ I « a—it is P * c-sfcd . asy , admitted , io be a ^ t Jearfal -srffl be the coming strife , ¦ when |* JJEag eknseate -which you have now thrown into h *^ 7 f 5 iScientty intricate question SHall be added jj ^ f * ]*^ have , for eo msnT years , disturbed the ^^ ag districts . __**** - « £ & > xecsive aJ-rice . AbanJon your measuse * 5 bib ^ ^ ° ' ^ t ! i 5 s < I u £ st ' * 0 D Bt ls 3 St ' P " j ^ J ^ Paicr knowledge—to rase -who enjojs the conti ^ - ^ country , and - » ho onght to possess that « nsiEtKt . --lEt lord Ashley be the statesman -who Ki-J ^ r * « 2 s guesUoa , bo much his own . Da this . win to

      ^™ jcu - M t have occasion repent . feu gHv « 2 Je st 5 D more embarrassing the legislafej it rf ?? c U ) Jr qaestion , it is my 4 uty to disencum-% SjgLr Jr * . PerPlfc ^^ es -which liave alrtady be-• jfti ^ ^ ' ° 6 niinds of many persons -who are -only ^^^ scqasia tea Trsa the subj . ct . le ^ V * persons tfIjo bare not heard of " Sadig 4 ^ - ^? » Factory BiB "—of the enthuaastie i 52 r ^ T ™ " ¦* " ^ aads in its support—and of the jq ^ wa Tirnlent cpppsUicn -which -was xaised Srft ? ^ ^ ^ yporteii by a very fr . g ^ wptfM por-I t ^ av 6 ^? 7 HOBtera and their friends . ^ fc a ^ Sn - ^ l ^ ed by many , but it Is neTefthet ^ a ^^ J ^ BUI * aa simply intended to guard all tfc ^ V ^ ** years from factory night work—to i ^ L ^ 1 Z imia oine years of age from factory ¦*• >* <^ i m ^ 1 ^ i > eiBa ^ x bebreennine and eighteen 1 ii ^ r 1 brfns worked more than TE » hours to-,, " ? factories , making , -a-ith two tours for *^ t tT 4 Vofk ot tW £ lve tcfflff - 1 = fact , it tos a ^ calSfl v at a ™ Boare ^ i 5—i 5 onght to have ^ s ^ m * ^ ^ Ifially « a » » TTT 21 TE Sours Bin . jl *» tH 2 L ? if adleA d O 2 an'l »»»» strongly as it yvarm t % Qja eTidej ^ of clergymen , magis-

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      hf «^ " -o ? J ^ Sidltrt intenHon to alter Jhis to ' ^^ e yetii—B . O .

      Untitled Article

      trates , xnedicil men . niiil-o-wners , factory -fPorkers , and theinostTsspectebia portion of s'wetyjit so happened that a few very T ? ealtby and very oppressive xeiUo-wnershad Inluence enough with the Whig Gkiverntnent to defeat Sadler ' s reasonable end benevolent intentions ; and aftei having had no fevset than four I > aEEainentaryBeport 8 on the subject , after innumerable public meetings andpetitiona in favour of Sadler ' s bill , the Whig Ministers were persuaded that still more information -was required * ; aad after having obtained all this mass of evidence , a Royal Commission was actually iwuedj in order that the Commissioners might traverse the country , " see -Jrith their own eyes , and hear with their 6-wn ears , " and then report to the Government the result of their inquiries and obssrvaftons .

      What under-hand , unfair , and powerful inflaence was used to pervert their Report , it is not for bib to explain —suffice it to say , one of their body , Mr . Stuart , published the astounding fact , that the printed Report of those Commissioners was no more like tie Report of those men wna were appointed to investigate the case , than would be the Report of any twelve men whom ¦ we might meet by chance any day in SL Paul ' s Churchyard . Be this as It may , that false Report was adopted ; and under ita lecommeBdataon the present Factories ' RsgalaV . on Act tras introduced , oa behalf of the mig Government , by Xord Althorp , and passed by the Legislature .

      That measure was opposed by Mr . Sadlar out of the House , { who , loiider the R&form Bill , losi his seat , ) and by lord Ashley in the House—bis Lordship having Madly undertaken ta become the Parliamentary guardian of Sadlert Ten Hours Bill , when its originator had unhappily been rejected by two Reform Bill constituencies . Although Sadler was supported by the factory people with an enthusiasm which is almost without pmedent , ( I remember that a petition was signed by upwards of 40 , 000 from Manchester , imploring the voters of Leeds to return their friend , ) still it was all in vain—tyranny , falsehood , and deceit prevailed over justice and troth—Sadler was rejected . Leeds is now reaping the bitter f mits of that day's work .

      But although Lord Althorp ' s Bill was opposed by Mr . Sadler , Lord Ashley , aad all the friends of the factory < ftadren , it was supported by " the bit of a Parliament of mill-owners who assembled in Palace Tard , fas Mr . Stuart , one of the Commissioners , calls them ); aad that gentleman informed the public why it ¦ was thus supported , via : because * ' thay [ the milloirnenQ knew that it was impracticable / - When Lord Althorp ' s Bill came into operation , the opponents of Mr . Sadler { who had supported Lord Alihorp in Parliament ) endeavoured , by * every means , to increase the difficulties sod vexations which the factory workers were expased to by its operation . If complaints were made to them , they were accustomed to say to their work-people , " Go to Sadler and Pastier , it is the }/ who have caused you all this trouble , vexation , and loss ; they said ihey weTe your friends , go and ask them to relieve you now I "

      The operatives were not to fee thus deluded—they ¦ well toew that the Ten Hours BOl of Sadler contained no vexations clauses ; that it was simple and efficient in its operation , containing a clause f er tile imprisonment of those mill-owners who offended the third time against ita enactments , instead of that awarm of spies whieh Sadler ' s opponents had mtrodncsd in their Factory BUI , under the title of Inspectors—a race ef men whese existence can never be tolerated under a free Constitution . The very men who , with the aid of the Whig Government , had succeeded in forcing Lord Althorp ' s Act , against the united efforts of 2 dr . Sadler , lord AsDley , ana their innumerable friends , now became the most bitter opponents of Althorp ' s Act , and , failing to excite the operatives against Sadler and bis friends , made- several attempts in Parliament to get rid of the . Factory Act , as they expressed it , " bit l > j bit ~

      In every effort they hsro hitherto failed—the operatives having resolved to give Althorp ' a Act a fair trial , and , if possible , obtain Sadler ' s bill . Whenever their opponents . have mooted the qaestion in Parliament , their friend Lord Ashley has been ready with Sadler ' s Ten Hours BilL Thus the matter steed in Parliament and the Country , until you introduced your bill on the 7 th nit . Since then , yoa know what a storm you hive xaised , but you do not know the hurricane that is brewing .

      1 have thought it due to the friends ef Sadler ' s Ten Hours Bill to state these facts , because J know that there are thousands of persons who believe that Sadler ' s bill was passed , the truth being , that he "was defeated ; and Lord . Ashley has never yet been able to carry that simple , wise , and efficient measure . It can never be too strongly impressed -opon th ^ public mind , that Mr-Sadlert Bill reeoguisad no infraction on ths Constitution , by the expensive establishment of eeplonaee under inspectors , superintendents , Jtc . Mr . Sadler ' s Bill £ id not encumber the factory question with thesBbject of Education—Mr . Sadler's BUI did sot recegniza the employment of twa gangs of children ; it was a simple proposal to forbid factory night work for those under twenty-one years of age—it foibad more ihan ten hours work per day for those between nine and eighteen years—ev . riTifling , of course , all under nine years from being worked in factories . This was all that Sadler proposed- —he encumbered the question with no other BuMecL

      For proposing that measure , and for ne other crirm , the talented , benevolent , and high-minded Sadler was driven from Parliament—he was persecuted with a virulence unequalled—he was charged with the blackest crimes , nay , even with m&diUting assassination—he was hunted from his native Jand , driven into exile , until , in Ireland , heart-broken , be died ; and that country , on which bis work has immortalized his name , found him a grave . It gives me the highest satisfaction when I remember that in that cause , with thai man , I was counted-worthy of persecution .

      Believing , as I do , that the factory question will never be satifactorily settled whilst the system of " relays" is eontisned , I am anxious to rescue my Mend Sadler ' s memory trom the ssspieion of bis having ever acquiesced in that impolitic system . N o man opposed it more steadily than Sadler—it was obtained in direct contradiction to bis wishes . In his letter to the Commissioners , on that subject , he said : — " Relays }—the very term is disgusting ; * the comparison between the management of human creatures and that of cattle is , ' * s Hume saya , ' shocking ! ' But even in any such comparison , the physical condition of the infnn »? fl labourer , under the ' relay' system , would sink infinitely below that ot the brate . *

      • 'The questionis , wcether the system , as now pursued , is iBJurious to the growth , destructive to the health , and fatal to the life itself , of multitudes of human victims , in the beginning of their days ; and not whether Sir- TbiM , or Mr . That , may get £ 20 . 000 per annum , or only two-thirds or bait of that sum , by those infant' gangs" which the legislature of England , to its eternal disgrace , has too Isng trusted to hia tender mercies . ' ? * ? "But attempt fuch a measure , and , without professing the gift of propfepcy , 1 venture to promosticate that a struggle will commence which every friend of humanity and his country will have to deprecate . " That measure' has been attempted *—that ' struggle * has ' commenced . ' The distress of the manufacturing population , which has issued in the late outbreaks , is % -waffling to be remembered—an evil to be deprecated . *

      If you wiQ hare two sets of factory worfeers under thirteen years of age , you mnsfc always ba 7 e a double number of those who are above that agt , being a surpluB of one-half more than can ever be employed . The surplus must always press upon the wages of the moietj who are employed , and thus they must depress the wages to the very lowest point The unemployed will necessarily be forced upon society as paupers , beggars , or thieves . With the system of ' relays , ' this -mil be the result , which , as sure as effect follows ea . nse , natnre herself prescribes . It is in vain that you attempt , by Education , * to prevent a necessity imposed by the laws of nature . If you will train up double the number of parsons to any bnsiBtES which number cannot , by any possibility be employed , yon thus necessarily disorganira society .

      I have no hesitation in pronouncing my opinion that very ssueh of the distress and consequent discontent of the manufacturing operatives has its cause in Lord Althorp ' s system of " relays" — -nay , the Prime Minister himself asserted the same thing , when be said , that the immigrjition of labour from the agricultural districts into those districts which are the seats of manufacture was one cause ol the distress ; for everybody knows that it was the children from the agricultural districts , not the-adults , who were required by the manufacturers . The children were wanted to make up the two sets or relays in the factories .

      Under any riraimtaftces , the training np to a given employment twice the number of persons who can possibly find work in that branch of labour , must , of neces sity , create disorder and distress ; but , under the operation ef the 2 Tew Poor Lav , which removed the only prop npon which labour conld lean in the fierce charge made by capital -upon its value , that disorder and distress must be accelerated and increased . 3 > ol misrepresent the tendency of the New Poor Law ? Am I mistaken in its sad and sickening effects on the valne , . of labour and on the condition of the industrious portions of SGciety ? Read , then , its character and its effects from your most influential and able supporter : —

      " The Ifew Poor Law plaees labour absdvtel y . aX the mercy of capitalists . The poor must work , starve , or suffer a penal imprisonment , under the provisions of - thai law ; but the capitalist finds that he employs them to most advantage by allowing intervals of idleness , during which they stwve , ox " rot in workhouses . By this be makes most money , that is , accumulates capital most rapidly , to enable hi » to prolong the interval * of Idleness , and ' penal imprisonments in time to come . "The Standard ^ April 7 ft , 1843 . Mark , then , bow toe system of relays , or two sets of juvenils workers , must increase -the much abused power of the capitalists , when aided by the rapemninerary armyjof adult operatives , being the aurpluB created of the relay ' system , all of whom are waiting for employment at any price rather than submit to starve or to 8 penal imprisonment Again : —

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      " The New P _> or law has , in fuct , sliced in the hands of wealth a perfectly despotic poweT over the labour of the people—n . n authoxity -which the rich have abused , and will continue to abuse , until the evil shall re&ch themselves , as indeed it is already reaching some of them . The distress of the Iaat four yeara may , we firmly believe , be traced to the New Poor Law in a fat greater degree than to any other cause . The reason if simple and obvious ; that 14 ^ depeives THE POOR OF THE POINT OF RESISTANCE which , bt BNABLIKQ THE LVBO-DRXB . TO MAK . B TERMS , IMPOSED a B . ESTSAIST upon employers , and checked among them that spirit of gambling , and that Puar OF competition , which have all but involv « d the country in luin .

      "It iH not merely that by the new law capitaliBts ar » enabled to bring machiaery into nneqnal and fatal rivalship with human labour . The law which PLACES x REDUNDANT bodt op iaboobebs ABSOLUTELY AT THE COMMAND OP EMPLOYEES , ENABLES THE LATTER TO MAKE WHAT TERMS THEY PLEASE WITH THOSE UPON "WHOSE TOIL THE ! GROW RICH . "— The Standard , April 10 , 1843 . Will you add power to ' the despotic power of wealth' ? Will you remove to a Jb ' . UI greater

      distance the poor man ' s point of resistance' against that ' abused authority" ? Will you mightily augment that redundant body of labourers / to enable the capitalists with more ease ' to make what terms they please *? Yes , Sir , you will do all this if yon persist in passing any factory bill with * ' two seta" of infantile labourers . Then let its title be , "An Aet to perpetuate and increase distress ; " for it is dear , that any Act of Parliament which incorporates the system of two eats of infant factory labourers , can only be a law to augment the manufacturins embarrassment .

      If you wfll not be warned by Sadler—if the assartien of the Prime Minister himself must be disregarded , you may go on legislating for evil , until national calamity shall over-ride ail our institutions . In that day , remember you have been solemnly warned by your victim . I think I have sow answered every Inquirer . None can any loDjjer be asbing , What does the ' King ' tbiuk about Sir James Graham ' s Factory Bill 7 " There was a time wh « n Sadler ' s Ten Hours' Bill would have satisfied the necessity of the case . He demonstrated that TEN hours per day was the lorgest time that persons under twenty-one years of age coald

      work in factories without certain injury . He was always of opinion that that period was much too long , and regretted that the prejudices of his opponents forbad any hope of obtaining a "milder measure . Subsequent experience and observations by the Factory Commissioners have established that eight hours a day was the utmost limit that children under thirteen years could safely be employed . Still more recent evidence has convinced you . that six and a half hours is the marimxtm period of labour that ought to ba awarded to children in factories . Be it so—I am the last person to ovject to your discovery , and to the necessary mitigation of the sufferings of the factory workers .

      The result , then , of every investigation on this most important subject , on your bwn showing , is this : — where machinery is worked by children , six and a half hours a day is the longest limit that nature has awarded ; and , since it is demonstrated that two sets of children cannot be employed without deranging society , by the production ot a double supply of tie older factory " bands . " ( one-half of whom must always remain unemployed , ) you will , if yon regard natural causes and ( -Sects , arrange your machinery eo as entirely to exclude children , or , be content t& adopt your men Aiscovery , and mate six and a half hours a day the maximum of factory labojm

      All this comes of the resistarce to Sadler ' s plain , simple , and efficient Ten Hours Bill . The difficulties have heen cheated by the enemies of Sadler—it is for them now to prove that they have been deceived , or at once tiibmit to the natural consequences of their own discoveries one thing being certain , that , Id the long run , two sets of children will inevitably upset the social system . . Do you ask me -what would be the result of an Act for six hours and a half for all ages ? I answer , — higher wages and better profits , because a sure and constant demand would be the result . I shall only add my solemn entreaty that you will seriously reflect on this most important question , and more especially on the " relay ' point . : I have much to say on your Education scheme . I will not connect it with the factory question , because it has just as little reference to thai Bill as it has to the Bill for the new firing machine .

      If ys > u persist in placing the education of the people in the bands of " the Committee of Privy Council 'thereby making the Clergy the nitre puppets of that Committee—you will lay & mine under the Chnrsh , which , whea It is blasted , will involve every institution , from the Throne downwards , in Irremedable rain . If , on the other haud , ytu force your children to receive and to pay for an education in which they or their parents have no choice , you commit a flagrant injustice . At the earliest convenient season you shall have my opinion or . that subject Mea ^ wbue , let me urge you to separate it from the Factory Bill , else yon will create such an agitation as you are little aware of . The TJissenters have given the war-cry ; but depend upon it . Churchmen are not dumb . This new-born dissenting » sal for the factory children has made me smile . I will tell you why when I can find space .

      I have cow only room for a very , very carious d « cnment I shall not say much about it It is in itself very elequent . A gentleman wished to see a union workhouse . He applied to . Mr . Edwin Cbadwick for an introduction . Hts received the fallowing note ; bat , although ho was a foreigner , he knew the difference butwetn " desire " and " need . " He fancied tbat he might ¦• desire to know tbat which the ' -ervant of the Commissioners might thinfe it not " needful" to communicate ; so being indisposed to be humbugged , he declined tho visit . How the note came into my hands , I shall not at present inform you . This is a true capy : — " Poor Law Commission Office .

      •• Bib , —Mr- being desirous of seeing va Eagliah workhouse , conducted under the regulations made by virtue of the Poor Law Amendment Act , the Commissioners desira that yoa will show him over the Windsor TJnioi * Workhouse , and give him bucd information as as he may [ desire ] need . " I am , Sir , " Your obedient servant , "E . Cha 1 > wick , Secretary . " " To tho Master of tbe Windsor Workhouse . " The word " desire" had been first written—It was crossed out , and the word " need" was inserted in ita stead . This proves that suppression and concealment are a part of the Commissoiiers' system .

      If a father were thus to solicit his son , " I am in need—in need—I ' deaire' youT aid ;'' and if the son were to retort , — " You begat me—you could not help it 1 owe you nothing—there is no' De » . ( V tbat I shouW respond to your ' desire ;'" the difference between * ' desire" and " need . ' wonld be painfully manifest . Doea Mr . Edwin Chadwick understand me ? 1 am your Victim , Richakd Oastler .

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      A Letteb from Tripoli , of the 4 : h instant , states that the district of Gebel , being in full insurrection , the Pacha has sent ont an expedition , with ten pieces of cannon , and a mortar , to reduce it to subjection . There has beev s great increase of insolvency amongst the farming classes throughout Jreland during the last twtlve months . In counties where the average number of cases had been twenty , they are now eighty . In previous years the number of cases for hearing in the Courts of Ulster and Connaught amounted to about two hundred ; this year ¦ were nearly 800 cases .

      A Pigeon shooting match took place at Tilbury , on Monday last , when , after the sport was over , the company , amongst whom were a number of countrymen , retired to an mn for dinner , when a dispute arose between the coaatrymen and soldiers ; the consequence -was , a regular battle ensutd . The soldiers , having ratfeer tbe worst of it , sent to the barracks for a reinforcement , making their nnmber about eighty . Bloodshed was the order of the night , and it was with ureat difficu lty thai vhe fight was put an end to , the soldiers using tbeir bayonets without mercy . It was , however , ascertained that eleven soldiers were in ths hospital , and aboot frwentylunder punishment of drill .

      SvSfECIBD MORDER AT MlDDLESBOROCGH . —COBsiderable excitement is at this time ( Thursday ) prevailing in this town , near Stookton-upon-iees , in consequence of a belief , which is generally entertained , that a foul murder has been perpetrated , which is now involved in mystery . It appears tbat early on Tuesday morning Mr . Whorlton , a gwoer , residing in Stockton-street , observed , as be ^ was carrying the shutters of hia shop into an adjoining passage , that the walls and floor were sprinkled with blood , and on a closer examination he found pieces of human hair dotted with blood . Thia at first excited his surpriseand afterwards aroused

      suspi-, cion in hiB mind , and he sent for : the police-officers Ord and EHiott , who immediately requested the attendance of tbe medical gentlemen in the town Their opinioa was , that from the great quantity of blood which had been shed , the person must have received considerable -violence . Two women and a man , who live in a hosse near—a oommon brothelhave been taken into custody , but nothing Has been elicited from them to explain the appearance of the blood and hair above referred to ; but they are kept separate } and they prevaricate and contradict each other so much as to give colour to the suspicions which are entertained . One of the women was also

      observed to wash some blood off the door-stop at a very early hour in the morning , and to withdraw hastily into the house as fcoon as any one came within sight . ; It appears tbat a person who intended to emigrate in a ship called the Lavina is missing ; and the vessel sailed on Wednesday , leaving behind some property belonging to him . Tbe river and other places hare been examined , but the body has not been found . The most diligent inquiries are making on the subject , bat up to the present time without success .

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      Several . Farmers of the North and East Ridings of Yorkshire are turning their attention to the eviluvatton of flix , and some experienced , men ( well grounded in the growing of Six . ) from Belgium are engaged for that purpose . —Durham Advertiser . Gif Satdbday morning , the 22 rid ' -inst . ^ a draught , consisting of 187 men belonging to the Hon . East India Company'a Infantry , marched from Brompton barracks to Gravesend , where tfeey embarked from the Custom-house quay on board the ship Alexander for Bombay .

      Execution of James Fobd . — We understand that Mr . Justice Maule , before he left Chester on Wednesday morning , fi « d the exertion of this vmnappy young man , for the murder of Samuel Shaw , for Saturday , the 29 th instant , ( thia day . > It is currently reported in the law circles that Lord Abinger will retire from tho Bench at the end of the present Term , and will be succeeded by the Attorney-General , and that Fitzroy Kelly , Esq ., will be tho new Solicitor-General . He ought to have retired long since . , Br the ancient laws of Hungary , a man convicted ef bigamy was oondemned to lira with both wives in the samo house ; the crime was in consequence extremely rare ..

      Singular Occurrence . —A braoe of partridges having been started by a lady who was walking in the fields a lew days , since , near the High Roothing windmill , one of ihe birds , in rising , flew against the sails of the mill , whibh were at the time in motion , and instantly fell lifeless to the ground . —Essex paper . On Tuesday morning , a convict from the county of Mcatb , named KgUett . was found to have committed suioide in his cell . He took the straw oufc ^ jf tus bed , twisted it into a rope , and banged himself . A book waa found in which he had written a few lines , asking forgiveness of God for the rash act . Kellett was under sentence 01 transport auou .

      Constantinople , Makch 29 . —Upwards of 30 , 000 men , partly regular troops and partly militia , are concentrated at Bagdad , with sixty pieces of artillery . At Erzorum there are likewise about 30 , 000 men , with forty Dieoea of the best Turkish aniilery . Thu Pasha of Bagdud has received orders to resume immediately , on the frontiers t > f Persia , the military positions occupied by the Turkish troops before the officious interference ' of England and Russia . Canadian Bbbf . —Mr . G . Straker , of Newcastle , astonished the butchers and brokers of the Quayside not a little on Wednesday last , fie opened a cask of Canadian beef in their presence , and exhibited as fine an article as couM bo produced here , and which had only cost him 57 s . 6 < i . per 2001 b ., or 2 ± i . per pound 1 w Tha proof of the pudding is in the eating j we have tasted the beef , and found it to be primo . —Gateshead Observer .

      Spring— The Spring has always been remarked as a period when disease , if it be lurking in the system is sure to shew itself . The coldness of winter renders torpid the acrimonious fluids of the body , and in this state of inactivity , their evil to the system is not perceived , but at ; the Spring these are aroused , and if not checked , mix up and circulate with the blood , and thus the whole system is contaminated . Parr ' s Life Pills , taken three every night for two or three weeks , will rid th ? body of all that is noxious , and produce health and comfort . Persons troubled with scorbutic affections are strongly arfvised to sry them at this time of the year ; in a few days they perceive the powr-rfurclearing properties they possess , and thus be induced to continue them . " '

      Crowds of Persons flockad yesterday afternoon to tbe quay of the St . Katharme Dock , ne&c the sugar-crushing warehouse , to inspect a bomb-mortar and carriage , for the use of the Porte , that av ^ to be shipped in a few days on board the barque Jupiter , Captain Hicks , for Alexandria . The mortar is one of the largest ever exported from England , its weight being 13 tons , and the bore 20 inches diameter . Its carriage , which has been made of malleable iron , weighs 17 tons—total weight of mortar and carriage 30 tons ! Previous to the arrival ot the mortar in the St . Catharine's Dock , it was proved in the royal dockyard at Woolwich , with a charge of 801 bs . of gunpowder . ;

      A Court-martial was held at Chatham on the 20 tb , on board of her Majesty ' s ship Poic ' . iers , to try Lieut . Dewes , of her Majesty's ship Herald , for replying in an insolent tone to Captain Mairs , his superior , and for refusing to go to his cabin when ordered . The Court found the first part of the charge proved , and admonished the prisoner to be more circumspect , in his language ; on the second part of the charge the prisoner was honourably acquitted ; when he Was immediately surrounded by several officers , who shook him by the hand , and on his leaving tho ship , tbe crew of the Herald gave several rounds of cheers .

      Plain Speaking to Parliament . —The following is a copy of the novel petition presented by Dr . Bowring from an elector iof this borough , and which caused quite a sensation in the House of Commons on Monday evening -. —" -Thai jour petitioner ia of opinion , that the sole object of the bread tax is to make bread scarce , and , consequently dear , in order to increase tha rent rolls of individual members of your Honourable House , so that you are legislating for your own interests , at the expense chiefly of the poorest wretches in the land . Tnat this kind of class legislation endangers the very existence of the Constitntiou . That the people will never be contented

      and happy , po long as they are compelled to pay a tax on every morsel of food they eat , and that , not for purposes of revenue , but to go into the pockets of monopolists . Your petitioner would , therefore * pray your Honourable House to take off this , the most odious of all taxes , by at once and for ever repeating tbe corn-laws . And your petitioner would also pray , that if , at any time , another bread-taxing Bill should be brought before your Honourable House , ifc may be intituled ' An Aot tor the better enabling the Landowners to rob poor Factory Children and others . ' And your petitioner will ever pray . "—Bolton Free Press .

      Hunting the " Old One . ' —This morning ( Tuesdaj ) at a very early hour a vast number ot' the lower closes assembled " in a field at , the rear of Mr . Malcom ^ on ' s house . Some of the more nspectablo classes , who were astir at that time , and passing in the vicinity , very naturally inquired what was die cause of so great an assemblage at such au early hour , The answer given to tnuir very great , surprise , was , " that tbe devil was traced all the way from Cashel across to Mr . Bank ' s field , and that the print of his foot waa quite visible , the ground being burned . " Young and old , halt and lame , were after him , and the ohaae was kept up with a spirit tnat completely baffles description . Walls , fences ot

      every kind , and rivers , were taken in the moat ' sporting style to catch " the oid boy ; " and oue of the foremost said " that he had just not a glimpse of him , " and that" he was a genteel-looking mau , " Oa went the chase , and in the mean time intelligence of the pursuit reached tUe mayor ( so much noise did the affair make ) , and his worship lost no time in summoning Dems F , who , he conceived , would be " a good man" at overreaching him . Both were quickly mounted , and soon they erossed on the hunt ; but the devil was out of sight wheo they came up with the pursuers , and no trace of him was visible . Hundreds during the day were to be seen going in the direction where the foot-prints v / ere . —Ttpperary Constitution .

      The Pbince of Walks ' s Household . —Tbe public will see with infinite satisfaction that the Prince of Wales is about to have & seperate household , Some have imagined that a baby-house is alluded to , but we have ascertained that such is not the case , and the following may be relied on as being as accurate a list as it is possible to obtain of the projected establishment : — , Master of the' Rocking Horse . Comptroller of the Juvenile Vagaries . Sugar Slick iu Waiting . Capvain of the ( Tin ) Guard . Black Rod in Ordinary . Master of thu Trap Ordinance . Clerk of the Pea Shooter . Assistant Battledore . Lord Privy Shuttlecock . Quartermaster-General of the Oranges .

      It is not yet decided by whom these offices are to be fiiltci , but there is no doubt his royal highness trill manifest considerable discretion in making the appointments for the " separate houshold" which has been so properly assigned to him . —Punch . Caution 10 Advertising Females . —From tfee following letter , which has been addressed to the editor oi a Manchester paper , it would appear that similar infamous practises have been attempted in the provinces to those recently carried on in the metropolis . The writer says— " I wish , through the medium of your journal , to give publicity to some infamous attempts which bare been made to bring rntn on several of a class of ladies who , being often friendless and unprotected , are exposed to the

      machinations of the licentious . A few oases have come to my knowledge wher > governesses have advertised for sif nations , or replied to advertisements , and have received letters purporting to be from a neighbouring town , and after a letier or two have passed between them relating to terms , &o . interviews have been requested . The writers seated , that , asfteycame to Manchester only once a week , the interviews must take place at the Souses where they lodge . These have been proved to be brothels of & superior description , and being in rather respectable situations , in d having decent external appearances , may

      easily be taken for boarding-houses of a scondary class . In the cases alluded to , the parties have been prevented eutering the houses by the interference of the neighbours and other accidental circumstances ; but there is imminent danger of the innocent and an-Buspecting girls becomiug the victims of these wretches . Ladies ought not to go unaccompanied to aiijr appointment at a place which they do not know to be respectable . " The' editor of the paper says that before publishing this letttr he made private inquiries into the facts , and satisfied himself that the caution of bis correspondent had not been given wiihout sufficient ground ? .

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      N . Tuckett , of Exeter , timber-merchant , announcos' , by public advertisement ^ that ha has been " surcharged to tho income-tax { by one thousand pounds , " and that he ie determined to seek some other country , "where there will be no inquisitors sent to rack mankind . " { Laudable and Legal Abduction . —Mr . Pim , of Mountmellictc , has- forcibly carried away his own wife , Mrs . Pim , from the hotel of the White Quakers in William-street . A chaise was brought to tbe door , and Mrs . Pim—one of the leaders of the socchaving been carried out in the arms of her husband , was placed in the carriage muon ; against her will , and the vehicle drove off , amidst the cheers of the spectators , —World . j

      CoNiTABDLA&y ( Ireland)—The following is a statement oa the amount and expenses of the constabulary force employed in Ireland on ihe 1 st . of January Iaat ;—Un 3 pector-Renoral , 2 deputyinspeatorsgoniral , 2 provincial inspectors , 1 receiver ! 1 surgeon , 1 veterinary surgeon , 18 paymasters , 35 | ccunty inspectors , 216 sub-inspsotors , 261 head constables , 1 . 419 constables , 7 , 086 aub-constablea . 304 h ' jwses , and 58 magistrates . The total expense of j the establishment for the year 1842 was £ 441 , 605 5 s ll | d , of which amount £ 263 , 473 5 s 2 d was born by the Conaoli jated Fund , and £ 178 , 132 0 s 9 ^ d by the opunties , cities , and towns of Ireland .

      What Next ! . —A . Mr . Bain , : pf Wotton , near Wick , announces the discovery of an electrical printing telegraph , by means of which he can , " by one set of types , set up a newspaper in London , aad print it simultaneously in every towa \ in England and Scotland , nearly as fast as the steam machine throws off the sheets . " This will beat piano printing ail to nothing . —Brighton Gazette . [ Completion o » the Fibst Instalment op the Chinese Ransom . —On Monday afternoon six waggons , each drawn by four horses ' , arrrived at the Royal Mint with upwards of one million and a quarter dollars worth of sycee silver , being the last moiety of the first instalment , namely , 5 . 000 , 000

      dollars of the Chinese ransom . The above yrccious stores arrived at Portsmouth about the middle of last week in he * Majasty ' s ship Herald , and one of the principal officers iu the Commissary department at the Treasury immediately took charge of the silver . During Thursday aad Saturday the Herald was unloaded , and on Monday the cargo was brought up to town by the Southampton Jr&ilwuy , under a strong military escort , and in the course of the day it was safely deposited in the bullion storehouses at the Mint . The silver , as on previous occasions , is packed in strong wooden boxes , bearing the official seal of Sir H . Pottinger , and as the treasure passed through the City crowds of persons followed the proceseion till it entered ths gates of the Mint .

      Dublin Taxation . —We understand that application has been made to government to introduce a bill for abating the tax on cars used in tho Dub'in police district , a large number of jwbich belong to very poor men of the labouring class , and in listi of it to lay a local tax on private carriages in aid of the police fund . The consent of the government has not , we hear , been obtainod as yet . It-is also proposed to allow the use of j > b cars on payment of an annual license duty , which would bo a great public advantage , as at present they oannot be used without risk

      ot incurring penalties , the law authorising only the use of hired oars which have the names of the owners , with figure plates , on their shafts . Thfl tax on job carriages is understood Jto be urged as a ground for taxing privatu carriages , as the classes who possess the latter are now exempt from taxation to which the persons who can only usu job carriages must contribute . The relief of the poor cart owners is , however , the main argument , as we understand , used in support of the change proposed . — World ! i

      Yankee Pwijjsm . —On Friday evening a singular Ecene took place in Lower East Smithfield , opposite St . Kathcrine docks , whero a number of ruffians were congregated to witness a "gouging matoh" between two Bailors belonging to one of the ! American ships lying in those docks , who , having had a quarrel in one of the pubHchouses in the neighbourhood , turned out to settle their differences at 1 or thteir own fashion . The manner in which the fittht ( if ; such it may be called ) was carried on , was by catching held of each other ' s long shaggy hair , and twisting the fore finger through it , enutavouricg to thrust the the thumb into the opponent ' s eye , by kicking , rolling ; on the ground , and tearing at each other id every possible way . This exhibition continued for upwards of half an hour , amidst tho yells of the mob , until the appearance of the police put an end to the affray , before either of the m « n hod sustained any material injury , although both of them were covered with blood and dirt .

      Dublin . —Defeat of The Pooa Law Commissioners —A . t the sitting of the Court of Queeu ' s Bench this morning , Mr . Justice Burton gave judgement in tbe case of the guardians of tho union of Edtnderry at tho proseounon of tho Poor Law Commissioners . The learned judge etatedithat judgement had been defemd in the hope that an amicable arrangement might havj beeu come tb between tho guardians aud the commisFioners . ! His Lordship then referred tt > the fa < -s of the cai 3 o , which were briefly these : —It appeared that an Order was made

      by the Poor Law ComtnisFioners forjlevyiu , « r or borrowing a sum of £ 7 , 600 to build a workhouse in Edenderry , King ' s Couuty ; thu order was complitd with by tne guardian ? , bu 1 a second order for th <; puyment of £ 1 , 250 waa resisted by ithe guardians , and accordingly proceedings were taken by way of mandamus to compel them to pay theinon ^ y . After a carei ' u ! examination of the statujte , the learned judge intimated that tho Court was of opinion that the rule for a mandamus by the commissioners should be discharged . [

      Trial for Murder at Malta . — Private John Nauor , 8 th reg ., who murdered Dr . Martin , was placed at the oar of the Special Coninmsion on the 5 th in .= t . The sitting coiamispioncrs were Sir Ignatius Bonavita , President , and Jii-Igjes Dr . G . B . Satariano a"d Dr . F . <; hape ! ia . The prisoner was charged with lmtng , on ihe 6 th day of Marob , 1843 , discharged maliciously , in coU blood , and with a deliberate intention to kill or to do some grievous bodily injury , a firearm loaded with ball , or other materials , at Dr . Wihiara Martin , wounding him principally on the right loin nud the intestinal tube , and causing , in consequence , inmost immediately , his death , against the puHic peace and tranquillity , and in contempt of our Sovereign Lady the Queeu

      and the laws . The Crown-Advocate pxamined she witnesses for the prosecution , aad this part of Ukproceedings being concluded , Dr . Decaro , counsel for the prisoner , was heard in hi : deienpe . The Jury withdrew to deliberate , and in an hoijr aivi a tui . lt returned into court v \ it , h the ft-Lowing v .. r < . icr : — " Proven unanimously , with the declaration of one of the jurors that the prisoner acted tender a fi : of monomania . " The Crowu-. \ dvocate rose and said , that the verdict waa contradictory . The Prtsi <' .. iK answered that tho " verdict" wa . 8 "lear , sml proceeded therefore to pass sentence . Nailor w&a condemned to hard labour for lite , with one chain , aud w thout wages .

      Death from Eating Poisonous Plants . —Thursday week , a woman named Elizabeth Tilbury , bi . ttyfivd years of age , Ij ' vii ^ iu Shott ' s-gardetie , t > t . Giles ' * , went into Coveut- ^ udcn-uaarket to pi h up somo . odds and ends of \ c * - ' ... lt- ' . op , with which to make out a dinner , being too )« oor to jbuy even the pennyworth that waa necessary for that purpose She ^ colleoted a small parcel of what she considered the sprouts of grown out onio'i . ' , took ; them borne , and put several of them into an iron pot , w » . h potatoes and fat , and fried the mess . Ai < er eating of the puUage she remarked jto her son . a labourer at a ciiulerV , riia . she was afraid she huti poisoned herself with the sprouts , they having tasted

      so odd , and she so : > n became ill , but would not consent to nave a Burgeon sent for . On Good Friday , however , she evinced eo much depression thai Mr . Latten , a medical officer of the St . G : l « s ? a Infirmary , was sent foi by her friends , but beiore > that geut . eman could arrive 6 he wan dead . Tko p- > vr < ' « h < . il constable of the district , hearing of the circunmaniv , proceeded to ibe hon ?? , sj . U tix > ic the undressed sprouts to Mr . Wakiey , the coroner , tvhen on examination they proved to be mcailow ' saffron . It appeared tbat the symptoms under which the ciecoasod was said to have laboured werp similar to those which might bo produced by poisonous doses of cotehicum . which is made from this plant .

      " Interesting Ceremony at YiennaI "— Vienna , April 5 . —To-day btiug tho fiftieth anniverhary of his Imperial Highness Archduke Charles having received the grand cross of tht military order of Marit > . Theresa , the whole garrison , to which two regiments bearing the name of thu venerable prince had boen added , marched out to tbe glacis 10 a most magnificent parade . Several splendid tents' had been erected for the imperial family and their suite . At ten o ' ciock bis Majesty the Em perorl arrived on horseback , accompanied by the archdukes , and the general officers of the garrison , aad escorted by the life-guards . Their majesties , the two ] empresses , and the other illustrious members of the imperial family followed in open carriages , and attended the high mass and "Te Psum , " performed ; in front of the troops , previously to which salutes had been

      fired from all the guua on the ramparts ;) and immediately aft « f the conclusion of the solemn service , the emperor , embracing the Archduke Charles , decorated him with the cross of Maria Theresa , superbly set in diamonds , in sight of tbe immense orowd of spectators , and during their loud and repeated acclamations and hurrahs . The archduke then received the warm congratulations of the members of the imperial family , the other knights of the order , the generals , &o , The troops having atterwards defiled before his majesty the emperor , the whole imperial family and suite returned to the castle , where at two o ' clock a sumptuous banquet took place in the hall of the knights of Maria Theresa , beautifully decorated for this occasion . Of course all the knights of the order were invited . [ Ah ! these kings aad queens !] !

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      r ^ ^ - - ^ rarf 5 r ^~* r ^ - ~ . ^^ ,-Baa v - ^ " -- —yg It Appears , from thn Augshura Gazette of the 19 h , that the Russian Miisi- > * r ut Uoji itanfcu'opie , on tue 2 nd , waiwd on Sarim fc'faendi , tha Minister for Foreign Affairs , "to communicate to him tha ultimatum of the Cabinet of at . Petersburgh relative to Servia . " . " Russia requires that Prince Alexander , voluntarily abdicate Iho sovereign * : ? of that priueip&lky , and that in case of his refusing- to d so , the Porte pronounce his deposition , and order a new election . M .. de Boutenieu had been instructed ( should the SuHan declina to order a new election ) to retire iastanriy from Constantinople .

      Dr . Wabnbford , honorary canon of Gloucester and Bristol , has given an estate , sisaate at ilollingly in Sussex , to the Radcliffa Lunatic Asylum , to enable tham to admit gratuitously a greater number of patients . The estate contain * between 700 and 800 a « re 8 , and yields a uet u- ^ oaia of £ 1 , 100 p « r annum . In ac ' tutiou to tho munin ' cent gift , the Doctor and hi 3 sister have contributed ths sum of £ 7 , 260 to the asylum binco its formation in 1813 . According to an Irish p * . per the Mercantile Advertiser , the population of Ireland is shown by the census of 1841 to t-e 8 , 17 ( 5 , 273 . It appears that the increase during tho ten years up to 1841 was 657 , 702

      less than h had been in the ten years preceding . It is evident that during the last ten years , there has been a very decided check to the progress of population in Ireland . The increase in England , during the last ten years from 1831 to 1841 , was 2 , 604 , 794 , which was more than one-seventh upon the pouplation of 1831 . The increase in Ireland , during the same ten years , was 407 , 872 , which was little more thanone-tweutiethof the population o ? lS 31 . The increase in England has been in the ratio of nearly three to one , as compared with Iroluna . This is tha first time that Ireland baa shown , a less degree of increase than England .

      Revolution in St . DiMiNOO .-- ( Extract of a letter . C—Kingston , Jamaica .. March 20 . —Therevolu ' . ion which has for some time ba ^ i impending ia tho neighbouring island of St . Domingo has at length , come to a crisis , and , as yet , I am bappy to say , a bloodless one . The ex-president , Icaa Pierre Boyer , with thirty-two of his adhereuf : i , having sought shelter in one of her Majesty ' s ships , arrived hero yesterday morning on board the Scylla . He had bBen driven to this step by the resistance which was offered to the means he had adepted ts get rid of the opposition to the measures of his government in thfl national legislature . At the head of this opposition was the Senator Dumeille , the represeotawva of the province of Aux Cayes , who on five different

      occasions had been expelled from the senate chamber at the point of the bayomt , and each time had been triumphantly reflected by his original constituents . Under the apprehension of proceedings of a still more despotic and unconstitutional character , it appears that Mr . Dumeille had addressed himspJf to the regiment of artillery stationed at Anx Cay 03 , by the whole of whom he was readily joined ; and the feelings of the people were so strongly engaged in his favour by what bad previously taken place , th-it , in the course of a very few days he found himself at the head of a force of <> , OO 0 men , with which he was preparing to march 0 ? . the caprah In the meantime , with the view of demonstrating to his fellow oitiaens that he was not actuated by

      motives of personal ambition , he proposed to M . Beaugillard , the governor of Aux Cayos , who- has been very generally regarded for the last tea or twelve years as the probabl * successor of Boyer in the presidency , to declare the office vacant , and to proclaim M . Beaugillard provisionally president until an opportunity could be taken to assemble ths senate and complete hie election by the form * which the Haytian constitution prescribes . It appears that , at the period in question , now some three weeks ago , M . Beaugillard declined to avail himself of this offer of M . Dameille , but I believe it was perfectly understood that he did not look with disfavour on the armed resistance which was offered to the violent proceedings of the president , although

      he did not think that the time was yet come for hia placing himself at the head of this revolutionary movement . In all probability , however , tbe embarkation of Boyer with his leading adherents will ha . ye proved the signal for bis definitively declaring himself . Ac the -same time , there is some reason io apprehend , as those , portions of the population who speak the Spanish , language have , had bat littlo ratercourse with th-ir fellow-citizens at the other end of ihe island , whose manners and habits arc framed on the French model , that some attempt may now bo made to re-establish the political separation which formerly existed between them . As yet there is no palpable indication of any such design , but from

      what I know of the country personally , and ef' the views of man ; of its inhabitants , I decline to think that the tranquil and permanent settlement of its affrtirs will be exposed to more danger from this cause than , perhaps , from any other . There is , fortunately , at this moment a respectable British force on thia station , and as both parties have appealed to us for protection , first those , with M . Espiuasse at their head , who bad been driven , into exile by the arbitrary proceedings of ^ the . ptesident , and now Boyer himself , with his immediate adherents , reduced to a similar condition , it is to be hoped that the peaceful position of the community will not bo redused to tbe necessity of choosing between anarchy and slavery .

      Seduction and Suicide . —On Wednesday evening Mr . Carter , coroner for Surrey , held aa inquest afc the Red Lion Iun , High-st ., Putney , on the body of Harriet Elizabeth Langlands , late a domestic iervant . The inquiry created considerable excitement , and si solicitor attended on the part of the deceased's lather to watch the proceedings . Amelia Barwell , on being sworn , eaid , the deceased wad in my employ aa 000 k . On Good Friday evening , between nine i > nd ten , ia consequence of what I had been previously told , I sent 'for the deceased , and told her that I understood she had gome arsenic , and tbat she intended to destroy herself . 1 also told her that I could not allow her to have poison in my house , wheu she began to weep very bitterly . After

      persuading her to let me have the poison , and threaten ing to call the police in if she refused , she consented to deliver up to me tbe poison . She then went up into her bed-room , and opening her drawers she took out a small paper parcel which contained a white powder , which I immediately threw into the fire . I , had been told some time previously that deceased had been seduced by a man who had possessed himself of all her money , and then had Woserted her . I mentioned that to her , and inquired of her if she was enetente . She in reply told me tha' she had had . " enough of life . " I advised her nut to < i > anything desperate , telling her at the same ilinc t' - » t 1 had no doubt her father would be willing to take her home . At half-past twelve o ' clock oa

      Saiuraay morning , I heaard a noise in deceased 8 bed-room , aud upon proceeding into her room , I saw her in j vr night-dress vomiting , and seeing she broufh ' , up blood , I went and called her master , and :-aiu I ihitit ' it , a medical man ou ^ rht to be called in , as , * lv , was iu a very wild stsbte . Mr . Farmer , Mr . ShiHito , and bin assistant , were called in , who ett < -nded the deceased , out ' with no beneficial effect , as sb r . died on Saturday afternoon . Mr . C . Shiilito , surgeon , of Putney , said he was called to attend the diseased on Friday night . He went to Captain Barwell ' s h ^ use , where he found the deceased labourin .- ' under the effects of some mineral poison . Hu could rot put any questions to her at that period , owinjj to her exctf-sive vomiting and the cramp in

      he > r ox ' . rejBiros . A white powder in the bottom of a tumyler satisfied witness that she bad taken corrosive sublimate . The usual antidote ,, such as the white of < ggs and carbonate of potass were administered , but she never recovered . Captain Barwell confirmed the previous testimony , and produced a letter written by ths deceased , addressed to " Mr . R . Wiu » k . y , at Mr . Bullock ' s , the Fox onder the HiiLCauiberwell /' whichwas as follows : — " Putney , April . My dear Dick , —1 now , for the last timi , sit down to send to yon , aud I hope before this reaches you I shall be no more , and I know you will be glad of it , since the way yoa behav , d f o njp last nighr , which is wicked ; indeed it is a ; , i what 1 thought of you , but I hope you have

      <>• -.- > spark of love for one you will bow for the last time ever luar of , and I hope you will follow me to the grave as the last respect you can pay to one who baa ever s-bown the greatest love and respect for you . May t ^ e child , whom 1 shall be the murder of as wr-11 as enypelf , bt > happy in the world we shall go to , as lam sue ; ne never shall be here , when I know that the f « ther is alive aud happy with another , whilst she whom y « u have ruined and forsaken perhaps would be wanting of bread to eat , —and you now aro happy to think you have got me in your power to tr . imple upon ; but no longer shall y > u do that , for 1 hate trie man who would do it . Think , then , on the time when you first saw and knew moj and think on the difference time has made in me ,

      and the one tha ' . I s'hould have thought would never hare turned his back on me who never did bo tb you when y .-u were in trouble . But . oh God , I forgive you ail jour Hi usa ^ e towards me , and forgive you , —so no more from your ever despised HLmribt Langlands . P . S . No more , adieo , for gvqt "M . A . South , another servant in the employ of Capt . Barwell , said the above letter waa in the handwriting of the deceased . WitncsB knew Winsley and had every reason to believe that he was the father of the child . A short time back : . deceased said she had lent Wiusley JtZ . She was much ia debt , having borrowed of different persons to supply Winsley with money . After her death ., * she had not

      enough Wearing apparel to be Iaid-, ous * tj ^ notwithstanding that she had & salary of £ 12 per annum , the whole of h"r clothes being pledged io support Winsley . A night ov -two back deceased borrowed 49 . fron ) witness ' for tho same purpose . ^ Several other witnesses . wsre examined , one of whom produced a duplicate far some articles which ahe had pledged , which deceased aaid at the lime was for the purpose of getting Winsley a ««» & The jury , after a long ; consultation , returned , tha following verdict : — " That the . deceased destroyed herself by taking poison , corrosive « ubliinate , boing at that time in a state of mem *] itberiatiojo , brought on by the excessive grief caui-ed by th ^ ungrateful and unnatural conduct of Richard Wu ^ ey . "

      Untitled Article

      ? »? _ _ THE NORiK RS STO : ;

      Shs- ' G Otebkmest Factory Bill.

      SHS- ' G OTEBKMEST FACTORY BILL .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), April 29, 1843, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct800/page/3/