Current:

Northern Star (1837-1852), 18th March 1843, Edition 4 of 5, Page 8, Untitled Article

Page 8
Page 8
8 of 8

On this page

  • Departments (1)
    • Leeds :~Printed for the Proprietor FE ABG??
  • Text (4)
  • Transcript

    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

      Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.

      Untitled Article

      THE TRIAL . LANCASTER ASSIZES . i ( Continued from our last week ' s paper . } Mr . CPCgkkob in continuation said t—2 ? ow as to ihe late disturbances , -what did they find ! Lord Stanhope congr&tul / ited the country on the little damage occasioned to property and life . Lord Bronsham ehaTged the League with being the cause of the diF , turbanee 8 . 2 Sr . Walter charged the Poor Law with being the cause . Mr . Cobden charged the lant'dords with being the cause , Lord Francis Egerton charged the Lea ^ ne wita "being the cause , and othej ; persons had rV .-gcd it npon the Conservatives . Here , then , v .-erasix parties . The House of Lords and ibB House of Commons charge Sve parties t Tith being the originators of the disturbances ; a" ad nobody had charged it against the Chartists bu t the

      Attorney-General . Bnt there "was something " extraordinary in this most extraordinary case . The gentleman who had got up this prosecution , remind ed him of an old sporting friend . He had a Tery f ine hunter , which required . a saddle wide in the gull et , full In the seat , and comfortable to ridejapon . TJ is horse died ; and he was so good that the hunting gentleman went down into the market witn tba si , ddle to find another iorse ' vhatit would fit . So It w : is wilk the gentleman who had got up thi 3 prosecution . He went down into the manvlactunng districts , with h : s saddle to find who it would fit 1 He tried it upon the League ; but find ! ng that the Chartists had the broadest shontders ,. and that they were wide in the gullet , he placed the saddle upon their backs

      and girthed it fast abont tJaem —( laughter ) . Isow , this case had been before tb . s magistrates before the Crown-Gentlemen undertook to Tiring it before a jury- The magistrates , who were most interested in the preservation' of the peace , brought eTidenee to substantiate the case before themselves , What ¦ was the fact now ! Why ., the Crown Gentlemen had adopted the sliding scale , and they had got an entirely aeir batch of witnesses , saTe and except the Siamese youths . The conspirators were charged ¦ with having carried a resolution . It spoie of a ** struggle . " "What a straggle the learned Anorney-< 5 ener&l and his party must have had against the "Whigs for the last ten years ; and what a struggle they should tare for the next ten years to come , if

      h& ;( Mr . O'Connor ) was blessed with health and strength to direct it . But , mark , not by "violence . Be was not a conspirator , and never had been j and , what was most extraordinary , after all the pillaging and ransacking , and breaking into houses without search-warrants , not a line had been found which eonld , in the elighiesi degree affeot toe " great conspirator . " There was the red doe of patches , " picked np . here and there , sad "which he would recommend the Crown to send to the Chinese exhibition . ( Laughter . ) Why had iaey not found anything against him ! Because he neTer was a conspirator , and he never wrote a private political letter to any man in all his life . "What did the resolution do , abont which they had

      heard so much ? It approved of those who were turned out of work remaining so till they got the ¦ wages tn&t they had turned out ioT . Then they came to-speak of as address . The Attorney-General said ifrnfc -this resolntion recognised the Executive address . What if it 4 id \ Thej might recognise anything . Lord Chatham approved of the defection of America , and of the separation of America from tie mother country . Was that conspiracy 1 But it wa 3 said that they were accessories after the fact , in the rists . He wished that 4 bey had . got some better definition of the law . He < 31 r . O Connor ) did not understand what an accomplice after a tumult meant ? Did the Attorney-General mean to say that if a man went to a not or a fight , and

      that two days after the riot he told another that he took part himself , or that he saw oihers do so , did that make him an accessory ? It waa no wonder that he should be a conspirator if by that was meant an approval of what was righi . He now came to an important fact—the trades * resolutions . They were pa&ed in the face of the Magistrates What part had the trades taken in this transaction ! Why , they were to come out and join in the struggle for the Charter . He believed that the Attorney General would not deny this fact , that every man in this conspiracy , a 3 it was termed , must have contributed to ihe same extent . The Jnry wonld remember that the Attorney-General had examined Canledge at some

      length—GnfEn not at bo great a length . Why 3 Because Cartledge was not sworn to one word contained in , his depositions . The Attorney-General was afraid of testing Griffin ' s memory too much . The very man who appeared before the magistrates to support the weight of the case , had left the- witnesB box without proving anything at » H except what made for the defendants . What did the evidence of these two men amount to ! It was all in favour of the defendants . The Cr own could not get t > Ter it . If they took their evidence against him , they must also take it for him . What did Cartledge s * y 1 He admitted that he had attended hundreds of meetings at -which he ( Mr . O'Connor ) had spoken , and that be never heard him utter one

      word at variance with the duty of a * good subject . Griffin declared the same thing . He wsuld ask the Jury eould -Griffin ' s notes tell against him , when Griffin himself had told shem that concerning him there was nothing against him . Bat it was said that lie had been seen in company wiih Dx . M'Donall . A Tery natural consequence . They were delegated for the same purpose ; and in speaking of delegates , the Jnry Bhould bear in mind that Leach was no delegate at all . He merely formed one of the audience ; and Railtoo , who was one of those who composed the trax . es * depavs £ onsnd who -wasxefusedadaiiwance in that character , was there as a- defendant . He now came to speak of the Executive address , which they had declared to&ea bold and manly address . " In

      the year 1 B 43 , was he to be convicted of that ! W as it an offence at -common law 1 Was he to be con--ricted for saying that this was a bold and maaly address ! If he wished to go further , might he not Lave adopted the addre--s ? But the truth was , that ie had sothisg triaAerex to do with it . He was in no way eonnectsd -with it . How , lut them see what had been done at lie Conference beyond what had been given in evidence . How were thet to learn that ? By conjecture ,- and that only . Failing in getting at the train from Griffin , he was compelled to do that which the Crown ought to have done , and to tthAp . patch work of it . They found that he iliz O'Connor ) had done nothing , and , therefore , they had indictedhimforariot , andput him'in all descriptions

      of counts , as they called them , for the purpose of reachinghimnnder someof them . They could not prove him to be a party to any riot , or tumult , or conspiracy . He -defied them to do it with truth . Now , the addressof the Conference being founded upon the trades' resolutions , the Jury would probably ask why they were not in Court . That was a question which they muss individnaJly ask themselves . They were not there . Now , they had II from all the witnesses , and let the Jnry bear in rcind that the crown could not get over it ; © very witness for the four first day 3 proved this vital fact , which t&e Attorney-General , or rather he would say the prosecution , did not seethe drift of—namely , 3 that when they were asked to the time when violenee ceased , and when

      peace was restored , they swore , without distinction , that about the 20 th of August tranquillity was restored . The Northern Star of the SOtb of August , reported the meeting of Conference , and from that d * y , peace wa 3 restored , and the conspirators had done their work . That was something that the Attorney-Gsneral could not get over . What was conspiracy I It implied secrecy . What waa the charge against the defendants 2 Secrecy 2 What was their proof ? Publication . This wa 3 odd . If the Attorney-General meant to charge them with conspiracy , he might have put a thousand in the indictment . Snppose a man committed -a very bad act , and suppose that ha directed attention to it , and said is -sras a bold and -manly apt 1 Wba . i

      then . Snppose a man met another on the highway and knocked out his brains , should he be called an accessory because , hef aid it was a bole and manly act 1 But apart fiom these technicalities , in what position did ho stand . He had beea held up as a conspirator , but he had achieved the character of a peace maker , and the Attorney-General had given him credit for it . He had it so full and so plump , that for the last day or two they could not contradict it . The Crown finding what his motives were , and seeing ssiat db had been driving at , said j " Ibis won ' t dp . " The Attorney-General had borne testimony to Us character . Bnt then it was said that the tumedt lasted for four weeks after the beginiug of August . What had been done ! They had brought ^ , new batch of fifteen witnessess . Now

      let them see his ? the Attorney-General had proved this charge of conspiracy . The witness Hildyard Bawhim ( Mr .. <^ onnor 3 at Mr . Scholefield ' s honse , av ™ 8 o ' clock ipfihe morning . He was ordered to go there , because ate was told there was to " a secret meeting . Se « 8 t meeting- ! Why , the trades were routed—dispersed , and on the same day , this polweman wasBent totfchs spot where the conspirators trereio hare met . J&djjis jeport this to the anthonbesl He was sent toj ^ sich Mr . O'Connor . Then he JvaaaWe to report to ; &e magistrates where he was . Had they any jyapisms of the fact that he aid report to the magistrates where the grand conspirator of all was , consroriag&r thardestrucrion of all the propertr of thu eossfey ! DeKtrnRtinn

      of property ! What said men of all parties J They said that it made them more rejoiced than ever in the same of Englishmen , to Bee thai the people had so much p ^ wer » theirhands , and yet . that they used it bo mildly . What said the Lords and the Commons , i&ped&l t and reechoed throngh the press ! Why , that Aere could have been no conspiracy on the part of th" « working classes , because they seemed to have had sO high a veneration , for ^ property and for life . It waa in record 4 h > t many parties who were actually slar \ "ing went among those whom they thought ' were likeN to oommit a breach of the peace , in order to prevent it . Why they had' this Act indisputably proved . This indictment was laid in con&iuendo . The de-

      Untitled Article

      fendants had no power to justify— -no power to prove an alibi . It was laid as never h id indictment beea laid before . If the defendants had been indicted each for some specific offence , they might have established an ahbi , and justified . But here they were all mixed up jvB together , in this all-embracing indictment . He would call their attention -for a moment to the ma-aner in which these disturbances commenced in Nianctester . The men in Messrs . Bailey ' 3 mill tvjned-out . They were told in point of fact that " tbey -eight go and play for a month . " Th < y were se / jn at the head of every procession . They turned out others , and here was the commencement o ; all the outbreaks and revolutions which the learned Attoraev-Generalhad conjured up before

      them . The . ju ? y had heard Filling ' s address . He ( Mr . O'Connor ) wished that he had not heard it . He wished that the -Court had not heard it . The picture which Pilling -had drawn was the ease of thousands aad teas of thousands , who had themselves become conspirators , for the purpose of keeping up their own labour . They had the defendants before them . They had seen their demeanour . They had heard their defences . C * at of so many speeches , the jury must have discovered what was ingenuous and what was disingenuous . He had extracted from some of the witnesses a . good character for them , and yet they were not obliged to him for it . The jury would see whether , oat of the lump , they could produce the troth . Allusion had been made to the charge of Lord Chief

      Justice " iTindal , at Stafford . He had very properly made the distinction between a mountebank and a zealous politician . He had told the country that if a man expressed his opinions zealously , and in language that did not pass the prescribed limits of the law , yet his opinions were to be respected . Chief Justice Tindal did not tell the people that they were to respect what was illegal , but that the opinions of a man , however warmiy they might be avowed , if they did not absolutely go beyond the law , were to be honoured as the conscientious convictions of the man who uttered them . He ( Mr . O'Connor ) had attended more publio meetings for the ltat ten years than any other man living : and if he was asked which party in the country had

      been the most violent , he might be disposed to allude to one whose writings and speeches were prominently before the public : but as his object was not to make out a case of prosecution against an ; party or any body of men , he should abstain from any further reference to such a topic . It was enough that he answered for himself . He had had the honour of s-itting for three years in the House of Commons , by the side of the Attorney-General , and , during that period , ho was as zealous a politician as ever entered the House . He had been out of the House of Commons for nearly seven years , and during that period , he had spent £ 12 , 000 of his own money in advocating this cause . And , now , how consolatory it must be to him—how he must

      rejoice that in a Court of Justice—in the presence ol those who knew him besx—who knew all the transactions of his life , that he had an opportunity of giving a triumphant refutation of the paltry aspersions of those who had insinuated that he was induced to pursue this course , and to give an impulse to this cause , from some personal benefit he expected to derive . He asserted , without fear of a denial from any quarter whatever , that he had never receiTed a fraction of a farthing for any public services he had rendered from the day he -was born . He had never even travelled at the expence of the Coartist body . He had never defended himself at their expensa . He had never received a farthing of their money . On the

      contrary , he had paid hundreds of pounds to their fundB . Nay , so delicate bad he always been on this point that he had uniformly made a practice of paying for his own ticket of admission to any public demonstration of the Chartist body . So far from making mon « y of that extraordinary golden thingthe Northern Star , he went to it a rich man , and it had left him a poor man . He had spent a fortune yi the advocacy of the Charter , and yet he was represented as a political trafficker , and that he had established the Northern Star , as a means by which to excite the people , in order to make it a medium of peenniary profit to himself . Ha had # ot witnesses

      from Ireland , who had known him all his life . The Jury should hear tbose who had known him from his childhood ; and they wouldthen discover that , years before he established the Northern Star , he did that in theory which be now made his practice . They shonld not find him guilty of lip service . They should find that he had paid as much as £ 20 a-week for the support of the friends of those who were suffering from prosecutions of this kind . If he had been a person , who , from pliancy of disposition and principle , had consented to make merchandize of his political principles , he might have £ 10 , 000 for his purchase , but as he had scorned to be bought so he declared to God that he would never sell his

      principles to any parly whatever . A trafficking politician ! Why , such was the pecuniary gain which he had derived from the agitation that he had cut down a thousand pounds worth of timber from his own estate to meet the demands which his defence of the Charter had brought upon him . Besides this , he had sold an estate bringing him in £ 350 a year , all paid down , tie had been engaged in thirteen contested elections , and be never received a farthing from any committee , or from any other source , to enable him to carry out his principles . Tnis was long before he became connected with the Northern Slar . The jury might think this unimportant , but they would see that ae was establishing his character : and this to him was

      the more important , seeing the manner in which he had been held up by those who , having no principle of their own , were ever ready to impute dishonesty to others . No—it was not from the poor Chartists that he ever looked for any remuneration for all the labour and the sacrifices he had made in their cause . He had never taken pence from the ChartiBt Defence Pund . In 1839 , they owed him £ 280 on that account . To show that thia had invariably been the case , he wonld state that he advanced £ 1 , 000 , when Mr . Frost was tried , before a Bingle pency had been subscribed by the Chartist body . He bad never allowed a single Chartist to be tried without giving him an opportunity of toting bis principles . So much for that . Then they had heard of his

      popularity . Lei them find him guilty of that if they pleased . With all his popularity whers was his offence ? Where was his name mentioned , except by the crack man , Griffin . Letters had been produced , but not one word in any of them of the " grand conspirator . " No letter had been found from him —no act emanating from him to show a conspiracy . The Attorney-Gtneral was going to prosecnte them , as the acquital of Wild would show , for advocating tb . 9 Charter . A new question would arise here as t

      Monmouth , whkh he came to Lancaster to sake the subject ef a criminal prosecution . Let tham see what thu high authority was . Here they wocld have laid down what the law was , and how . far the law jarlined them in going . This told then : whether or not the agitation of their principles were legal . He l £ lr . O'Connor ) thought , alter beaniig what he was going to quote , the Jury . would say $ hat the Attorney-General was £ good Chartisi—( langhter . ) In bis defence of JVlr . Frat , tho Learned Gentleman said" he bos&Tne a Chartisi , . and , in common with many others , he adopted the opinions that are supposed to belong U > that body of &en . Gentlemen , 1 hardly know what is meant by 2 Chartist . One of ihe

      witnesses > on the present occasion , spoke of five arvicles ; but what the fiw articles were did not transpire . J ? ut the little that one picks up from the . ntimations of the newspapers on the subject , would 'induce me te . suppose tha ; tiey carried their views of Rtform far far beyond the Beform Bill introduced by IiOr ^ . Grey ' s administration , and that they ardently desire to establish Universal Suffrage , Vote by Ballot , Annual Parliaments , No Property Qualification , « &d , according to some statements , I that they look forward to a better distribution ol i property . Gentlemen , with respect to the first four of these matters , L for one , do pot agree in any respect with the Chartists ; but , I believe , upon these subjeete their opinions are entertained by many

      Members of Parliament of undoubted respectability and honour , and considerable taleni . If what I have heard upon the subject be true , many names have been subscribed is a document , the avowed object of which is to fraate what is called the Charter of the People , by expounding the principles on whieh itistoresS . Gentlemen , I have abstained , I hope , from naming any person unconnected with this case . I mean to adher * rigidly to this , and to give no offence to any absent person , and not to use the privilege that I have , I oaght also , perhaps , to say the < £ nty I have , of addressing yon , so as to create any feeling of pain in auj quarter whatever ; and I am sve that I best fulfil my duty to Mr . Frost , and most to his entire satiafactioa . if I refrain from

      making any remarks upon any ono that can create a moment ' s pun , rn respect of tmj past conduct or transaction . These Chartists , however , it must be admitted , stand at present precisely in the relation to the present Cos&jtution as established in the year 1832 , in which the advocates for Reform stood in relation to the old Goastitution that was remodelled by the Reform Bill j and however differing from those who are called Chartists in opinion , I must do them the justice to say , tbftt Chartism so far is not Treason , nor the publio assertion of it rebellion ; and I must go further and say , that although I trust never to live to see ths day , and I trust no one in

      whom I take an interest will er&r live to see that day ( fatal as I think it would be to the happiness , the prosperity , and the well-being of this country ) when the principles shall be established } yet I must Bay , that if at any time it should become the confirmed opinion of the large mass of intelligence and of nunbera—of the Btrength and sinews of ffae community—if the intelligence that controuls that Strength should finally determine to adopt the Chartist code , doubtless adopted it will be , as the Reform Bill was , and mere wealth would straggle against it , ia my opinion , in Tain /' Now , wait bad he shown them . In the first place ,

      Untitled Article

      here th 6 y had the recognition of the right to struggle for the Charter . Then they had what constituted a tumultuous meeting , and after that they had a prosecution of -the Chartists for advocating their principles . The Learned Gentleman said there had been a relaxation of the laws , by an organic change which had tafcen place in the constitution . Now , although the Reform Bill had left many without the pale of the constitution , yet impliedly , as shewn by the Attorney-General , it did grant an iacrease of political power . No man could doubt that ; but from the confirmation of the manner in which that measure was forced on a reluctant Government , the Attorney-General placed the Chartists in the same situation in 1839 and 1843 , as the Whiea

      were placed in , m 1831 and 1832 . Well , let the contrast be made . He would stand it . They were charged as conspirators . A man who would conspire to destroy anything by cruelty must be a cruel man . He had never been a cruel man in his life . He had never inflicted cruelty upon any dumb animal , and he trusted in God that he never should . What was the character of the late tumults as contrasted with the carrying of the Reform Bill Alas I the gaols were full , but not for the same crimes . Let the Jury take the story of these defendants , unsophisticated as it was , struggling for the rights which those who called themselves the natural leaders of the people in 1831 contended they ought to have ; and he would ask , did they look like oon-Bpirators ! Place them in thesituation that the Reformers were placed in in 1832 . Was Bristol in flames ?

      Had Nottingham beea burnt ? Where was the King in petticoats ?—the crown inverted ?—the bloody axe ?—the executioner 1 Where was all this 1 But then there was another party , and their motto was , " They that die by the sword are better than they that perish through hunger , for their bodies pine away , stricken through for want of the fruits of the field . " He ( Mr . O'Connor ) had travelled through every part of England , Ireland , and Scotland , at bis own expense . He had spoken to millions of men , and he had never been prosecuted for a single word he uttered . He had been well watched . The argus eye of the law had never been at rest , when he was at work . Why Fox Maale once sent a special spy after him to Scotland , for the purpose of entrapping him in a prosecution . He felt honoured . He was not now grasping at mere fragments of facts to show that he had been prosecuted . He had been prosecuted three times before . He had been

      subjected to trial ior taking four lines from another newspaper , to fill up a column . The paragraph stated tnat a poor little fellow had been confined in W , arminster workhouse , and that eo great were his sufferings , that he actually bit off hia fingers and a portion of his arm . This waa not part of the libel—it was the whole libel . Now , although he hail no more to do with the authorship of the paragraph than any one of the jury , —although the paper in which it firfit originated was well known , —and although he proved that it was taken out of part of the impression , he was indicted for a libel , and he was found guilty . Why 1 Because they wanted a Chartist . Tae Government could not charge him with any act of his own . They next filed an ex-officio

      information against him , and put him to immense expense . For that ho got sixteen months solitary confinement inafelou ' s cell , in York Castle . Thia was the treatment he bad received , and thus the Jury would seo that great prejudice had been created against him . Perhaps they had not heard many Irish anecdotes . He would give them one to illustrate his own position . There was once an old lady in Cork , who had an old cat , and an old housekeeper . When the housekeeper became antiquated , all the crockery began to go . There was the china bowl—a great favourite . What had become of the china bowl ? ** Sure , " says Molly , "God knows , but the cat must have broken it . " This waa all very well for a bit , but the sugar baain disappeared .

      " What ' s become of the sugar basin , Molly f ' " Sure , 1 don ' t know , but the cat must have broke that too . " Well the cat must be given away , for whenever anything was missing it was always the " red cat . " The red cat was at last killed . Oh ! but the salad bowl was missing . " Where ' s the salad bowl , Molly V " Sure , I don ' t know , ma ' am , but the red cat- must bave broken it . " " The red cat , Molly , why she ' s killed long ago . " " Well , now , sure , " says Molly , " I have alwayB heard that these cats have nine lives , but now I ' m sure of it "—( great laughter ) . Just so was it with him . He was the read cat in tbis movement . A riot took place in 1839 , and he was the red cat then . He knew all about it . This year he was the author of the placard

      about which they heard so much . Why , he never taw the manuscript , or the placard itselt , till it had been posted on the walls of Manchester . He invariably put his name to his own acts , and he would never flinch from the responsibility of them . Much had been said by some of the defendants as to their indifference to the verdict of the Jury . Whit had made them Cha » lists , but the endurance of what they bad suffered , and what was ii that was not to be proved against them \ If there was a diversion to be got np—if some silly fellow could be got to shoot at his own hat , it was a Chartist movement to sboot the Queen , if there waa a financial movement going on , u was a Chartist plot against the State ; or it a number of men rode up from Kent to

      Loudon , it was a Chartist conspiracy to destroy the Qutea's life . It was not by buch absurdities as these thatgreat principles were 10 be met and put down . It was by a calm and dispassionate investigation of this kind , that the people ot this country would learn the value of the law . Let them be taught to respect the law , and keep within its bounds , but let it be no defined , that the simplest man among them might know when be was stepping beyond the pale of the law . Let the jury consider all the acts ot the people during the late disturbances—their acts of omission and commission , and let them , in conjunction with this , taku into consideration ( . be conarion of tho working classes ; and who should say that no cause could be found for recrimination and angry

      feeling ! But had thia extended to anything like the length that had been represented I What was the fact ! Wj > y , in the midst of the appalling destitution and the Buffering which they had had to undergo , the most honourable testimony had been borne to the heroic fortitude and the exemplary patience with which they had borne their privations . The jar j had heard the story of Ptihng . This was the case of thousands , and be would ask whether the people had not just cause for discontent and dissatisfaction . Durmg the last three yeara * they had had a royal marriage , two royal bifflb , a jubiiee for the termination of two expensive wars , and eoncratulations at the termination of a peaceful

      winter . Ihey had had the hulks searched tor objects of Royal ckmency and debtors' prisons had been delivered of their cheats , as a fit Bet of persons to celebrate this jubilee . Mark the contrast . Hoi one single political offender had been liberated , although some of them were in the fourth or fifth ycfj of their confinement , while , on the other hand , thieves , pickpockets , rascals , and vagabonds , ' of every kind , had been thought fit objects of the royal clemency . Was not this to fix the laws more stringently on political offenders , and to make the case hardex against them ? If the verdict of the Jury should be one of guilty , it would , convey no idea of moral offence . Ho was not the man to

      recommend any , t&e slightest infraction of the laws , and the only effectual way to secure the veneration of the people for them , was to take care that they ensured justice for all . He had practised for a length of time as a barrister in his own country , and never in the course of that practice had he seen any proceeding more calculated to inspire veneration , and respect for the law than this 't formed a yery gratifying contrast to some trials which had taken place n thia country , where persecution rather . than justice

      was the object sought to be attained . He would now come to analyze britfly the evidence in this case , and the manner in which the charge against tho defendants was attempted to be supported . Ho fcad already shown them that Hildyard , the policeman , had it in his power to tell the authorities that there was a secret meeting about to bo held , at which he ( MrX ) 'Connor ) was to be present . There was no difficulty in ferreting that oat , h was known to ttp policeman , and it was the fault of the policeman i / he did not communicate it . Then he came to

      the e « dence of Liitla , high constable of Hyde , and he seemed to have had a strong desire to entrap Leach , one of the defendants , and to make him the " red cat" of Hyde . His statement was that Leach left Hyde about the 2 Aih of August , and then the town becune perfectly trasquil . That cvidenco was for the purpose of showing that Leach was the red cat there . Then came Hiobert , olerk to the magistrates of Hyde , and he said that the strike lasted six weeks—from the 15 th of August , to the 2 lst of September , which was a month later than the period when Little said that the people began to tranquillize down . This was most important . Now , there was another feature of this evidea . ee , as Bhowing the conduct of the people engaged In the strike , to

      which he would beg to direct their particular attention . They heard fiom Mr . Robinson , the son-inlaw of Mr . Shipley , that on the 10 t& of August , a not consisting of from 160 to 200 persons , came to the mill , and turned out the hands—that no resistance was offered . They returned to work on the 26 th , when another mob of from 600 to 1000 , again wished them to come out . They were not willing to do so , and the mob was dispersed . Let the Jury remark this extraordinary fact . When it was not the interest of Mr . Shipley and his son-in-law to keep their men at work , one hundred men could turn out two hundred

      but when it was their interest that they should remain at work , two hundred men could drive away a mob of a thousand . He would aek the Jury whether ; with the prejudices which had been created against the Chartists , they were not astonished to hear that so little had been proved . They would be called upon very shortly to pronounce a verdict which he believed had never been anticipated before with the same anxiety . There was now in office ihe strongest Government that had existed in this country for many , many years . What would their verdict of acquittal shew but that a Government so powerful ought not to fear assaults of this nature 1 The y had a Government wbich had refused to bear

      Untitled Article

      the application of 3 500 , 000 men . Was the object of their application illegal ! Why , it would be found that year after year , petitions on the subject of this very Charter had been presented to the House of Commons , and their prayer refused . If those petitions had been illegal , unconstitutional , or informal , they would not bave been allowed to be upon the table . The last petition of the people was so large that it could not lie in the-House at all ( A laugh . ) There bad been divisions of sixty-five and sixty-six on this ^ very Charter . What had been done besides . The proposition of a sacred holiday was brought forward in the House of Commons , by Mr . Attwood , for the purpose of carrying out the Charter , and debated for two

      months by the National Convention , sitting in London . This was an illustration of that relaxation in the law of which the Attorney-General spoke of when he so nobly defended Mb client , at Monmouth , and when he was enabled , by the ingenuity he brought to bear upon the ease , to spare the life of that gentleman . Where , then , were they to look for the conspirators I Why , in the House of Commons ! If it was illegal to agitate for the charter , it was illegal to present a petition to the House of Commons for its enactment . But the fact was that they had the authority of a large number of Members of the House of Commons , that it was not only legal , but constitutional , that the people ought not to abandon it but to stand by it . He now came to the witness

      Buckley . What did he admit 1 That no damage was done to person or property in his district , and he attributed that to the pacifio character of the speeches delivered . The speeches bad prevented it . Mr . Wilcox , another witness , had heard him ( Mr . O'Connor ) address the people , and he had told the Jury , that the tendency of his speeches was to peace and the preservation of property . He begged again to call their attention to the evidence of Buckley . -It might have been supposed that the witness was Bubpoened for the defendants . He said that the hands turned out on their own accord , and that the district was tranquil . But thoro was something more important than this . They had the important admission from Buckley , that he had

      instructions from tho Magistrates , to report to them everything he beard tending to a breach of the peace . Had he reported one word of anything of the kind I No . Now , just before the outbreaks , he ( Mr . O'Connor ) was in North Lancashire . But before he alluded to that let them see what was stated by the policeman M'Cabe . He , too , had give instructions to attend meetings of the peopfo , for the purpose of hearing what passed . He did receive reports from all other meetings , but when the " grand conspirator" made a 6 peech at Burnley , although M'Cabe waa within ten yardB of the tent erected bv the middle classes , he did not go to hear one word of what was said ! Why did he ( Mr . O'Connor ) go to North Lancashire ? Just prior to

      the transactions referred to in the indictment , he was accused of being a coward , in not going down . He received letters both from the . middle and working classes , stating that there were spies among them , and requesting him to go down . He did bo , and after he left the place , there was no disturbance of the peace . He appealed to the magistrates , one and all , whether it was not his presence tor a week , in North Lancashire , which had prevented an outbreak 1 He told the people to fold their arms and do nothing , for that as sure as they followed the advice of those who wished to urge them to a contrary course , would the betrayers stand in ihe jury box , while they ( the people ) would be placed in the dock . What was the consequence ?

      He was publicly charged with being a Tory spy , and with receiving the money from the Carlton Club . He had travelled through the counties of Yorkshire , Lancashire , Warwickshire , and Nottinghamshire , to caution the people against being led to the commission of any act of violence to person or property . He was not there contending that no disturbances had taken plaoe . It was natural to suppose that if the hands were to be turned out , they would become exceedingly unruly . But was it the Chartists who turned them out . Certainly uot . If he was asked whether they recommended those who were out to join in the agitation for the Charter , then he pleaded RUilty . They had done that . Let them see what it required to convict a man of conspiracy . He left

      London on the 15 th of August , for Manchester . He was known to have been at the anniversary held at that place , on the 16 th , for several years past . No act of his , calculated to carry the conspiracy into effect had been resorted to . There did not exist that which was necessary to constitute a conspiracy . If he had been a conspirator , should he have borne the oharacter which had been so generously accorded to him by the Attorney-General 1 If he had intended a conspiracy , would he have destroyed the force by which he hoped to accomplish his design ! No . From the beginning to the end , he had deprecated vioienee , and every thing

      calculated to lead to it . But he would not rest satisfied with the case made out for him by the Crown . He should produce evidence to show that from time to time when he left London , till his rtiurn , he gave instructions that all letters addressed to him during his absence , whether public or private , should be opened . So anxious was ho for the maintenance of order , that he left instructions to the publisher of the Evening Star , of whioh he waa the Editor , that if any articles of an improper character were sent for insertion during his absence , they were to be returned to the writers . Nor would he be content with this . He should produce before them

      mill-owners , men of property , men of wealth , men of character—those who had known him for seven or eight years , and they would speak to the effect which his speeches had had at various meetings in the country . Ah ! conspiracy ! The Crown knew well that there was no such charge against him . But said they , —have something that will catch the red cat—take care you don't let the big fish escape . He looked upon this as a godsend . Nothing so . much proved the weakness of a Government , strong though it might be in a majority in the House of Commons , as a desire to put down public discussion . A majority in the House of Commons was one thing , and the majority of the public mind was another thing : and

      the present Government well knew that powerful though their majority might be , it could not staud for a month against ihe woll-direoted opinion of the public . What ought to be the constitution of the country ? It ought to be tho best digest of the living genius of the day . There was not one point of the Charter which was not recognized , even by the strong Government . They had the ballot . As to the rjo-property quahfiation , it already existed , for the Scotch members had no property qualification . They had Universal Suffrage recognized by the strong Government . He cpula imagine how delighted the Learned Attorney-General would be whon addressing the pot-boys of Huntingdon , at a general election , to hear the rat-tat-too of the Chartists coming to help him

      ( alaugh ) . But , the Learned Gentleman and his friends on getting possession , like wily tenants , would now dispute the right of the lessee . Having succeeded in obtaining power , by the people ' s hatred of those who opposed them , they thought they were secure . It was because the Whigs disregarded publio opinion , that they were sent to the bleak side of the treasury , and the same disregard now evinced , in the disrespect manifested of the highest authority of the Lords and the Commons , would drive the strong Government from the strong position which they now held . It had been his intention to have carried the war into the enemy ' s camp , and to have asked them from whom had the language most calculated to lead to the offences charged in this indictment

      had proceeded ? But he had abandoned that intention . Why i Not because he did not think that much stronger language had been used by the party to whom he alluded , than had ever emanated from the Chartist body , but because he would not make ouc a case of prosecution against other parties in another place . Before he concluded , he must make an appeal to the jury—not in the words of the Attorney-General , for be was not gifted as the Learned Gentleman , but in the same spirit as when he , addressiog a jury at Monmouth , on behalf of Mr . Frost , made an appeal to them as to the effect which averdiot of acquittal in ( he case would have upon the publio mind . But before he quoted the words of the Learned Gentleman , he would allude for a

      moment to the attempt whioh was made , after the prorogation of Parliament , to suppress publio meetings . He thanked : God that he lived in a free conn try , and he said it with pleasure and with pride , that—administer the laws as they ought , and there was not such a country under heaven—strain the law , and there was not such a country for persecution . The most suicidal policy that any Government could adopt was to attempt to put down publio meetings . They had been described by Junius as announcing the approach of the thief , and preparing the people for his coming . Why had they been able to keep the irritated mind , writhing under the infliction of accumulated wrongs , in comparative subjection 1 How was it that they had been able to keep

      down the turbalence of the people i It was in the iiope of having the Charter , and the hope of having it by a peacelul struggle . He had no idea of any other principle superseding or out-topping the Charter . But the people would not fight for it . They knew that they could carry their principles by moral force , &nd by that alone . Something must be done . If nothing was done for the people , some reason must be assigned for it . The Government might attempt to put down the Chartists , but did they think they would succeed ? Some persons asked —why don't you indict the League ! Perhaps the Government intended to pat down ths Chartists

      first , and having routed the grand army , they might deal with the stragglers in detail . The Attorney-General , iu opening the case , had observed as muoh prudence and moderation as he was well able to do . If they were fishermen they had seen the golden fly attempting to seduce the unconscious fish , but the fish little knew that there was a hook , when he began to nibble . So it was with this Government prosecution . They had but seen the golden fly on Che turfaoe ; there was the hook which vet remained to be plied . He called upon the Jury , therefore , to be cautious in giving their \ erdict . On that point let them see what were the reasons which the Learned Attorney-General urged in favour of an

      Untitled Article

      acquittal of his client at Newport , and whether the Bame reasons which applied there did not apply here . The Learned Gentleman said , " Gentlemen , under these circumstances , I again say that I know of no publio measure that would tend so muoh to the honour of the country , to the peace of tha community , to the quieting of that alarm which this lamentable transaction has created , than a verdict of Not Guilty , if that verdict can be pronounced with truth . It is no question whether you can safely pronounce that verdict ; the single question is , can you pronounce jit with truth 1 If you can , it would be the largest measure of safety to the country . If you can assure ) Her Majesty ' s subjects in all parts of her dominions here , that these thousands upon

      thousands did not meditate rebellion ; that their object was to enforce some claims on behalf of a Buffering brother Chartist ; that the accidental circumstance of their finding persons whom they were determined to rescue at the spot where they had meant to make only a demonstration of strength , led to violence , and that the instant they found that lead to bloody resistance , they fled with terror and dismay * from a field that they never had intended to enter . Such an assurance will { be attended by the best results . I say , gentlemen , that nothing could occur so much to re-assure this county and the kingdom at large as the verdict of Not Guilty , if you can truly pronounce it ; and I believe there would be more safety in that verdict , if true , than if 10 , 000 troops were parading

      the different parts of this county to enforce obedience to the law at the point of the sword . " Now , the Attorney-General might meet this by saying— " I say bo still , providing you can do so with truth . " The Jury would judge of that , and of the moral effect which an acquittal at their hands would produce upon the country . This was , perhaps , one of the most important trials that ever took place in the country . There had been a new precedent established ia this case . Here they had fiftynine persons mixed up hodge-podge in this monster indictment , which almost required every defendant to be a lawyer before he could understand it . For himself , feeling a deep interest in the fate of every man involved in this inquiry , he felt confident that

      the utmost vigilance and ability had been exerted on the part of the Learned Counsel who had appeared for some of the defendants . He stood alone . If his case was a good one , he relied upon their love of justice—if it was a bad one , he did not expect a verdict of acquittal at the hands of any Jury . He left his case most confidently in their hands . He had possessed the confidence of the working classes of this country for a series of years , and although it was no easy ] thing for a gentleman connected with the aristocracy , to secure the esteem of those who thought that { the aristocracy were their common enemies , he -rejoiced to say that he had preserved his { character unstained without a single missile being aimed at it by any man living , except that he was' a Chartist demagogue . He was a

      Chartist , but he was not a trafficking politician . The Chartists ] sought no bloody revolution . They wanted the Charter , but they meant to obtain ttnot by the olang of arms—not by the discharge of musketry—not by the roar of artillery—but by the peaceful struggle of right against wrong , of-justice against injustice , of knowledge against bigotry and intolerance . ( He left the case in their hands , and trusted that they would pronounce by their verdict that the day is not yet come when free discussion was to be put down ; but that by an honourable acquittal , which the evidence would amply justify them in pronouncing , they would add another link to the triumph which the cauBe of truth and justice had achieved in this country , and which he conscientiously believed was hastening on to its final accomplishment . ¦

      The Attorney-General commenced his reply . The Learned Gentleman said that be most sincerely congratulated them on the probability of a termination of their proceedings that evening , and he said he Bhould endeavour , notwithstanding the quantity of matter before him , to compress into as short a space as possible the observations he had to make on the defence to which their attention had been diawn during the progress of this protracted investigation . Hecould wish not merely that the ; were assembled in this great county of Lancaster bat that the eyes of the whole nation , and tb ° at the ears of the entire people should be open to hear everything that passed on this occasion . 'He entirely agreed with the observation that this was one of the moat important trials that ever occurred in this country ; and if he fclt

      considerable responsibility when he had the honour to address them several days ago , he did not feel that that responsibility : had been diminished by the evidence which had been given on the part of the prosecution , and the statements that bad been made by the several defendants . It was impossible not to feel the deepest sympathy with the distress which no one could possibly doubt had extensively existed in the neighbourhood of Manchester , and throughout a considerable j tract of country surrounding that large manufacturing place . He had no doubt that if they could quit the large public meetiogs assembled in this part of the country , and could go to the' dwellings of tbose who did not join in those exciting communions , they would find many a tale of heart-rending distress ,

      such aa the defendant , Pilling , told on the previous day , —distress which it was impossible to hear without the most enlarged compassion , and the deepest sympathy , which he believed produced In many persons around him , emotions in which be shared , and he was not ashamed to say he shared to an extent which in common with many who heard him , almost unmanned the demeanour that one ought to preserve in a court of justice . If anything could be le $ rnt as to the extent and character of that distress , the patience with which in many instances , it had been borne , when it had not been made the theme of i public meetings , nor the theme of public discussions , but mourned over in private , and parties had sunk under it ; he had no doubt they might find

      many , who , from a sense of duty and of virtue , did not think that distress , poignant as he belisved it to have been , a sufficient justification for violating the law . It might be well if all that had been stated on thia occasion Were known through the whole length and breadth of the land , in order that if anything could be done , it should be done to arrest the progress ! of that distress , and to bring comfort and consolation to those who were suffering under it . But ; having with perfect sincerity offered tbat tribute of sympathy which it was impossible to withhold , —having given to those who suffered that distress , and to the fortitude with which they bore it , thu tribute of hia highest admiration , be must pass from that topic to : the state of tho country , at the period

      when those outbreaks occurred , and he must call their attention , for a moment or two , to the alarming danger that threatened the peace , and well-being , and , he might say , the existence of society in this country . He would call their attention to the condition of this part of the empire at the time when troops were j poured in by thousands to stop the tumults , when special constables were sworn in by thousands , and when , under the protecting Providence of Heaven , the energies of the executive Government and of the local magistrates , succeeded in restoring peaco and order—happiness and plenty ; work and wages it was beyond their power to give . He would ask were they , at the period to which ha referred , other than upon the brink of a civil war . He did not

      wish by any exaggeration of the facts , or the use of one expression that was calculated to raiss any of their feelings—but he would ask them to look back , and Bee whether he would not be a bold man who j could coolly look at the dangers with which j the country was threatened during the month of August last . But one week more of apathy , —but one week more of the spirit which induced the Magistrates of Manchester to say that they could not tell why it was better not to resist—another week of this , and they would bave had the country divided Into' large classes , contending against each other for the j power and the existence of society . And had the defendant , Pilling , or any man who bad mourned ever a son dying prematurely , by the visitation

      of God , through diseasa , —had any such man considered , while he mourned over his own and his family ^ discomfort , 1 and even misery , —had he considered what would be the horrors , what wonld be the misery spread through the land , if that ' advice had been taken , —if the masses had acted upon that which be was satisfied it was the intention of toe Executive address to induce them to do . He charged on all tbose who bad published that address , who gave it any encouragement or support , and above all , those whOjgaye to the public what they called a manly , bold , and spirited address , which called upon the people to repudiate the coasideraxion of all other questions , and practically to adopt those schemes which woald carry out the views of those who prepared

      that address , ' !—he charged upon those parties , many of the disastrous consequences which had been made the subject of investigation during the lost eight days . It had been said that this was a political prosecution , and that it was levied at the Charter and the Chartists . He utterly denied the troth of any such statement . He knew it was expected—that he was quite aware of , but from the time that his Learned Friend ( Mr . Dnndaa ) two daya ago , took upon himself to defend the principles of the Charter , down to the last man who had addressed them , imputing to him personal hostility to the Chartistsi he begged to say that there was not one tittle of truth or foundation in any " of those remarks . 16 seemed to him as if the speeches of the defendants must have teen prepared in anticipation that he waa going to make some such attack , and then the speeches having been pre did not think

      pared , they fit to repress their observations , although they were not justifiable on any grounds whatever . So : far from entertaining the slightest question about the Charter , he had expressly disclaimed any Intention of entering into any polUfcal disenssion at all . He stated at the outlet that he had nothing to do with the consideration of whether any change that was proposed would be for the better or for the worse , -all that | he had to call their attention to was the charge against the defendants ; and the manner in which he proposed to bring that charge home . ; It certainly was at all times desirable tbat an advocate should make truth hia object Mr O'Connor seemed to Have thought that be had an advantage in quoting passages of an address which he ( the Attorney-General } delivered to the Jury when Frost and his associates were under trial for High Treason . He knew not whether it would do either himself

      Untitled Article

      or Mr . O'Connor any honour much to attend to a speech supposed to have been delivered on a former occasion . He ( the Attorney-General ) might as an advocate take some refuge in altered circumstances and being placed in a different position bat be had never as a member of the profession to * which he had the honour to belong , resorted to , or had any occasion to resort , to any such excuse . What ho skated then , he was ready , syllable by syllable , to re * peat tbat day , aye , even to the verdict ; and how dealt , able it would be if a verdict of acquittal conld be pronounced as a verdict of truth . There was another subject on which observations had been made and made very freely—he meant the indfetment His Learned Friend ( Mr . Baines ) had

      asked , had they ever seen or heard of such air indictment before ? This language had been repealed 1 by several of the defendants , who have spoken of what they cilled a " monster indictment . " He begged to say that it might have been known that in the State Trials of William and Mary , after the revolution , one huu » dred persons were placed in one indictment . Why ?¦ Because all the persons were guilty of the counts charged , or supposed to be so . At the late special commission at Chester , fifty seven persons were placed " in one indictment It was proposed to divide them into portions , but the Learned judges presiding , condemned that , and said that considering the circumstances attending the change , they ougbt to have been included together . He could excuse the defendants in what they

      bad said on tbis subject , but if his Learned Friend ( Mr . Baines ) had been acquainted with matters con * nected with the profession , and with the forms of in * dictment , from him , at least , he ( the Attorney-General had no right to expect that any such observations would bave been made . When he was told that he had selected a large number of defendants , what could be do ? He bad , in this indictment , so fewer than thirty persons who were members of the Conference of delegates , and , to act with justice , and with that fairness and impartiality which became a public officer of the Crown , how could he have presented to the consideration of the Jury some and leave out others , unless he was satisfied of then ; innocence . Talk of a monster indictment ! Why .

      indictments must be adapted to crimes which they were intended to suppress , and to the nature ef iu « occasion They weie told that the gaols were full . What were they full of ? Unhappily , at all times , crime was too abundant , but there could be no doubt that there ' were persons in the gaol , at Kirkdale , and at Chester , confined for offences of this description . Where woald have been the manlinesss of sending the poor persons to pine in prison , who , at the biddingof those lecturers and agitators , went out to do the works of their bidding , —where , he repeated , would , have been the manliness of leaving them to pine in a dungeon , and allow the enlightened members of the Conference to go perfectly free . He maintained that it would have been unmanly and unjust to see the

      unhappy persons , who were goaded by speeches to do acts for which they were now suffering in prison , and at the same time to allow those to go unpunished , who were secretly rejoicing in the success of their schemes , and in the impunity with which thej bad been enabled to carry themselves through . The Learned . Gentleman then entered into a luminous exposition of the law as relating to conspiracy , and afterwards entered into a review of the . history of tha transactions in August last , describing the share which each of the defendants had severally bad in them , and pointing out the evidence as it applied with more or less of conclusiveness . The Learned Gentleman then appealed to the Jury , and asked whether the people were to live under the law , protected in the exercisa

      of their labour ? Was property to be protected , or was it to be at the mercy of that moving power which arrogated to itself the right of dictating to others how end in what manner he should regulate Mb own personal liberty ? He ( the Attorney-General ) had little to do with the speculations of political economy . No man respected the right of the poor man to his labour more than he did . It was his property , and it was that which they had a right to protect They wonld enable the poor man to labour , if he thought fit , and not te be told by his fellow man , that for some political object about which he cared nothing , he waa forthwith to desist from hia peaceful occupation , and rush into some visionary and lawless enterprise . Labour was as much property , and was as

      much entitled to protection , as tke estates of the loftiest and wealthiest peer of the realm . Why , what , after all , was the difference between what was commonly called property and labonr ? Labour was the property of to-day . That which a man might leave to his children afterwards was the property of yesterday . The labour of to-day , if it produced anything which could be laid by , created capital , and that became property . There was a common sympathy and interest between labonr and property , for property was the representative of labour , and labonr was the only property which the poor man could command . Then great elements of society were not to be set in hostile array against each other . It was perfectly true that witoont labour , what was called capital wooli

      be worthless . It was equally true that in the highly advanced state of civilization , such as thay enjoyed , labour would , in a great many parts of the country , be valueless-, if there was not capital to givo it employment . These two great elements of tha high state of cultivation in which the country was at present placed , were not to be set in hostile array against , each other . The one was necessary to the support of the other . Neitber could do without the other , and be trusted to God , that the lessen of to-day , as far as it was capable of affording one , would go forth to the world , and let it be understood that labour and property ougbt to have one common protection , and ougbt to be directed to the common end of all society—the happiness of the community

      and the glory of God . They frequently beard comparisons made between the poor and the rich , and of the advantages which tha rich possessed over them . He knew not what might might have been the feelings of the Jury , but when be heard the intel « ligence , when he heard the eloquence , for frequently it was very eloquent , when be heard the speeches that been made , he could not but feel disposed to be proud of the talent and of the efficacy of the education of the working classes of tbis country . There was in thoM speeches much that they might admire and approve in point of talent , and tone , and spirit . He should not stop to quarrel with some expressions whioh he wished bad been spared , carrying too much of a tone ot defiance . He bad watched those speeches one after

      another , and be would now frankly say that the language imputed to him , and which be uttered at Moamouth , when he appeared for Frost , was equally applicable to the present case . There was no price at which it would not be worth while to purchase the innocence of all the defendants , mixed up , as their guilt was , with much of the misery that probably contributed to it . If they could with truth pronounce a verdict of not guilty , let let it be so . He would leave the case iu their hands , fully satisfied that they had given the utmost attention to every part of the evidence , during the whole course of the inquiry . With respect to ths impartiality of the bench , every person in the Court must think it worthy of all imitation—perhaps ha might be allowed to aay , he thought the conduct of his

      Lordship had been beyond all praise . For any part he bad taken which had drawn forth expressions of approbation , —if his wish to observe strict and irapar * tial justice , without mixing up any angry feeling , in the course of this inquiry , bad met with the approbation of the humblest individual in that assembly , be should tkink tbat the task which he had imposed upon himself , of abstaining , directly or indirectly * from saying anything calculated to give the slightest offence to any person , absent or present , recompensed to the f ulL In conclusion , he called upon them as men , bound by their oaths , to do their duty to the defendants , and to the public , and to deliver that verdict which they could reconcile to their consciences , upon the o ^ idence they had beard .

      Hfls Lordship inquired of the Jury , whether it was tbjor wish tbat he should then proceed to snarop tlia ejndence , or adjourn to the following morning ? f A short discussion took place , which ended in the adjournment of the proceedings to the usual hoar on the following day .

      THURSDAY , —EIGHTH DAY . At the opening of the Court this morning , The Learned Judge proceeded to the discharge of bis most laborious task of summing up the = evidence , which occupied no less than seven hours . It ia not paying too high a compliment to this amiable and excellent man , and upright Judge , to say that a more impartial , clear , and explicit analysis of the evidence against any namber of persons charged , was never heard is any court of justice . His Lordship , in the ontset euumerated the counts in the indictment , and defined thft law as applicable to each . Having quoted the various

      statutes , treating on the crime of conspiracy , and pointed out what , in his opinion , did , and what did not , cott * stitute tbe essence of tbat offence , the Learned Baroir went through the herculean task of repeating fl * whole of the evidence given during the previous seven days , a task which he discharged with admirable dealness and adelity . He left no point untouched , wheths * it told for of against tha defendants , and where Uflflo the former to ndency , the facts were explained with scrupulous desire to avoid anything approaching to tM slightest exaggeration ; while at the same time there w « a calm and manly expression of opinion as to tbe gnu » ( Continued in our fifth page .

      Untitled Article

      O'CONNOR , Esq . of Hammersmith ,. County Middlesex , by JOSHUA HOBSON , at bis ErU * ing Offices , Noa . 12 and 13 , Market-street , Brigg&tei aad Published by the said Joshwa BoBsaif * ( for the said Feamus O'Connoe . ) at hi" ?« # ling-house , No . 6 , Market-street , Briggate ; f > Internal Cammunication existing between the W No . 5 , Market-street , and the said Nos . 12 « w 13 , Market-street , Briggate , thus constituting tb « whole of the said Printing and Publishing Offlfi * one Premises . AH Communications must be addressed , Post-paid , & Mr . Hobson , Ntrthern Star Office , Leed * ( Saturday , March 18 , 1813 . )

      Untitled Article

      8 THE NORTHERN STAR ,

      Leeds :~Printed For The Proprietor Fe Abg??

      Leeds : ~ Printed for the Proprietor FE ABG ??

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), March 18, 1843, page 8, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct794/page/8/