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Northern Star (1837-1852), 24th December 1842, Edition 4 of 3, Page 7

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      ( Concluded from our Srfft page . ) Ins haart—( laughter . ) He hoped fcia motion -would fcea retxogade one . He ( Mr . © 'Connor ) had been at college , too . He bad stood before two special juries , ssd before the whole array of faction in the Qaeen ' j Bench , to advocate the principles of the Charter ; and if again he should become the Tictim of faction , again would he come to that platform , and renew his tow and covenant with them—( load cheers . ) a hope had ieen expressed that the Anti-Corn Law League would get the £ 50 , 000 . Devil doubt them—daughter- ) The Scotchman said , Set the money honestly , if yon ean , but at ail Brents get the money '; " and he had no doubt Out if the sum were £ 100 , 000 instead of £ 50 , 000 , ( be pence would be screwed reluctantly from the pocket * of the slaves—( bear , hear . ) No donbt , soai

      nse -would be made of it , bat , after all , the League wonld be obliged to come to the Chartist shop , vhen the stoney was spent —( bear , hear , and cheers . 'When the £ 50 , 600 was expended , and the money had failed in the appliance , then the League would be obliged to confess that they -were bad -workmen , and tb&t they bad gone to work without their tools—( hear , bear . )—Ti » e first thing was to go into the free-market legislation , and Bee if they could purchase men ' s minds by purchasing their hearts , and then-they -would see if they could not repeal the Corn Laws in opposition to the landlords—{ hear , hear ) . When the anti-Corn Law league C 3 Uld show them thai their measure would be for the benefit of all , and sot for a class—that it would pnfaddrtHmal clothing upon the back of the working

      man , instead of exploring new corners , to find customers te purchase their manufactured goods , because the operatives of England were io impoverished by their avaricious and grasping taskmasters that they could not purchase clothing for themselves—that it would pat a large loaf into the poor man ' s cupboard , without diminishing bis wages to such an extent , in order to carry on what was termed foreign competition , that the large loaf should be as dear to him as the smaller one—and if in addition to these considerations tiiev could show that the operative would be enabled to occupy Ills house as a free man , then the Chartists -would repeal the Corn Lain for them—; bear , hear , and cheers ) . Let them take something like a philosophical view of the question . The dcctrine of finality , — -what

      < iid it mean ?—( hear . hear ) . If they applied the prin--dpls to the Reform BvD , they might equally apply it to mftfshanbgn , for legislation , like machinery , depended for its value upon human science and ingenuity , and its adaptation to the altered circumstances and requirements of society . 2 f , therefore , then was to be no reform of the Reform Bill , it mighi as well be contended , and with just aa much propriety and common sense , that a man should not be allowed to make any improvement in a machine , because he had constructed it on a certain moving principle , the imperfections of Which were afterwards sufficiently obvious . ( Hear , beat ) But let him go a little further , in order that the meeting might aee what his object was . He was merely guius t © glance earsonly at what Vere termed

      the great measures which the people bad obtained , and te show that they had been of no practical utility . He wosld go to that time when the people of England said t # the legislature of the country , that their Roman Catholic fellow-countrymen should no longer be branded by the same of " slave , " and to the period when Catholic Bcianepatkm was granted . Next came the Reform Bill ; n « t the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts ; next the payment of £ 20 , 000 , 000 for the Emancipation of the Negro slaves ; next the Corporation Reform Bill ; next the reduction in newspaper stamoa ; nfcit the Penny Postage Act ; and , before all these , communication by steam . Now , nil these -were considered great measures , and any of them , he supposed , per k . womld be regarded by their authors of greater

      advantage to the community than the repeal of the Corn laws . He would ask them—Had the people derived any benefit from the measures he had enumerated ? ¦ - { Cries of "No , bo . " *)—Tirtoally , no donbt , they were intended for thB benefit of the people , bat the policy of the two factions bad always been to frustrate them whenever they appeared to have that tendency . —( Hear , hear . )—If , then , no good had resulted from these mta-Bnres—if all of them combined had not been sufficient to corqusr and destroy the evils produced by das 3-fc ^ ulation i ware tiiey to be cajoled and humbugged by the cry that the repeal of the Com Lavs was the only measure from which any benefit would flow ?— ( Cries of ** So , no , " and cheers . )—Then they had his reason not for auctioning or supporting what be regarded as a trick

      to divert the working clasees from what really concerned their interest * as producers of wealth , and as members of the community . —( Cheers )—He would abide by the principles embodied in the Charter , and when be abandoned them he hoped every Chartist in the kingdom would abandon him . — ( Cheers . )—He had gone with them in dragging these principles through ? the mnd-Thej bad placed a sightly garb over them , and they they had made them worthy of the advocacy of men who were yet asbimed to take the name . —tHear , bear , hear . )—There were those who were with them in principle , bat not in name . Such nen -w&uld like to be called Christians , and yet deny the name of Christ— ( heas , hear . ) He bad listened -with mnca delight to the glowing and eloquent speech

      of a coaatryman of his own , Mr . Joaes , but there was one sentence of his speech in which he did not agree . In speaking of the principles of the Charter , Mr . Jones said he would never ceasa to advocate those principles either under the Charter or some other name . Sow , ha iMr . O'Connor ) would not advocate them by any other name , because he believed that the effect of doing bo would be to remove them further from the accomplishment of their object— ( hear , hear . ) It was under their present name that the principles of the Charter had made tie impression they had done in the country , and thouzh he stood alone be declared most solemnly before ms God that he would never agitate for the Charter under any other same . —( Loud and continued cheers )—Much bad been said about the owners of soil , and what

      had tie working classes to complain of ? Why that the wealthy classes appropriated ail that was produced to them . * slTe& . Sod bad siren the people the land , and the devil had given them landlords . —{ Much laughter . ) —Then again with respect to machinery . What had they now a proof of ? The productive power of the country by machinery was so great that more goods conld be produced than would meet the requirements of more than the population of the whole globe—( hear , hear . ) Wu be , tbersfore , opposed to machinery ? If it could be made the working man ' s holiday instead of his curse , then he was for it , but he always had , and ever would , oppose a system which went to enrich one class ,

      asd the smallest and most opulent , to the impoverishment sad starvation of the largest clan , who were least able to protect themselves against the tyranny and sT&riee cf their oppressors—( cheers ) But the working chases were not the only parties who stffsred from fi » system . Every man displaced by machinery was so nrnen taken oat of the till of the shopkeepers—{ hear , tsar . ) The shopkeepers now began to find that Class legislation would pauperise them , as it had steady pauperised the optatives , and they were begnudng to support the Chartists —( hear , bear . ) What did they find » ow ? The very prediction he made in a letter « hkh he addressed to the Chartists , when he

      WU it co . lege—( laughter . !—had come to pass . The iandTorOs were beginning to be frightened . It was Be * the landlords against the Tories and the Corn LwrBspeakiB , so trmt the Chartists had driven them to something like their duty , and thinks to Peel , he bad made more Chartists in a few months than they kad made all their lives —( cheera and laughter . ) O ! he wished Lord Abinger would try Peel—ilond theen and laughter , ) He would say— " This is a Proper ChartJEt . This is genteel robbery , But you vagabond * ( the Chartists ) have no right to touch anything —io boiss and bear your privations like men "faniht «^ But tie people were not to be so cheated . Ihsy -wtre beginning to find that the existing order of & *• p , if they were allowed to go on , -would ultimately

      place the property of the country in the bands of . a * ery few individuals , -whilst the great bulk of the pwuctiTe classes were left to starve —( htar , hear ) . Wsll , then , he called upon them , as Chartists , to go o ? in the torrent of their course , neither to turn to the £ ? ht basd or to the left , and , so far as he was con-Ca Md , he ihould require no time to answer an inj&Sment , for an honest man was always ready to take fca Wai before a virtuous tribunal—( cheers ) . He had So been to n . nch amor . g them as formerly , but be *¦* ken devoting his unpaid services to their cause in £ BHian and elsewhere , and , by the blueing of God , « w « dd continue to do so —( cheers ) . Why they «« ed of sn union among the people ; ihey had had it fB-tyytSBEgo . The people united with the Duke of ** &&& , and Charles James Fox , to carry the whole Paeaplea tor which they were now contending . Tbe We&e stood by them , but Ftx took office unflei a XriTT AmS ** £ ~ x _ a . .. i * _ _ __ j . «* % * iL-t nt 4 uiuiiesranon tutn b ^ &v

      —""^ , ana ne never more w » fiSExpcints . As soon as be had made his principles a fitpping-stone fc , ^ 0 W 3 aggrandisement ,, be kicked **» J the scaffold , bat stuck to the pole himself , and « the pecpit aown to tfce cround—ifcear , hear . ) But 016 « s « se could not be again defeated . Peel and his ttBeagaes might attempt to put down pnblic meetings << U » people , but the people would do tb ^ ir duty for then own principles— jchetrs ) . The Government might ** wgfl attempt to step the eun , in bis career , or to "w * the tide of the ockji , as lo prevent the people ¦*** "&& !« together , to discuas their grievances in a p ***™* « ad legitimate manner , and the anti-Oom ** w League might as -well attempt to do the same "" Dgattoinauco the people to join in the cry for a ^ pesl tf the Corn Laws , without anything else mixed * P * ilh it—( cheers ) Well , tben , from that nigbt wrt& they mnrt - H ghonia most gladly

      {? J ' " « itt their meeting td-day 3 to sleet delegates to * ne . P « st Confererxe at Birmingham , which he to ™^ W to do , t » th £ 3 arate-Dayer and a householder of Leeds , feat aa ths Charter said that no man should T « two places , and as he lived at Hammeremiib , !?* Pf ^ kd to vote at home , he was determined he t * T fc ! h ftT 5 *) l 4 * e ths Principle laid down in the ChaxtffHoV ^ I * ed £ —( Hear , hear . ) H e ^ hould go " ™ Bn-ffiisgfctm Conference , to do all in hia poww w rsconak and h = al past diferencea , and to promote " ^ oc , sofa ^ ^^ e 0 ^ te t ^ sa oix the "j-tfpnneiplM of the Charter , b £ Gm «* i * o b . el P bin . ^ s « never weuld caustnt to their p rinciples beirj : rj * pd—iLvud efcH-ri ; A day of rcckorang -weald 5 , . ^ delegates w .-nld go to the Conference at " ° 3 ffiE » han . ? « ctn « - « - at , nr n-nri -when thtv came

      : **•«» People vouid hive to do ttcir * Whilst ai vAi itifectfc , tie delegates would act as the etrv&ats tf As peopis-. en U ^ y relumed , they would have to

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      give an account of their stewardship—( hear , hear ) He had said that he should seek to promote onion , as far as it could be based on principle . Then he aske&them , as a matter of justice , not to heap any slander or con , tamely upon him , and wy when that Conference was over , that they wished things had been otherwise—( Hear , hear . ) Having received their verdict of approval for the line he had chalked out for himself , be was at liberty to act under that impression . He found that the Anti-Corn Law party were going to have a large oat-door meeting in London , and if they were there , he would be there toe—( Cheers . ) He never panted so much to meet an enemy , as he did to meet those men who first arrested the Chartist leaders and then convicted them—( Hear , bear , ) They talked of wanting to

      unite-with the-working classes , to do them a service—( Laughter . ) Wfcy . bad they not the power to render them service , without seeking for an Act of Parliament to enable them to do so—( Hear , hear , and cheers ) Pshaw 1 the people never yet muted with the middle classes , when the middle classes did not get the upper hand—( Loud cries of " Hear , hear . ") What was their duty as Chartists ? They must make themselves powerful , sot by resorting to violence , or any infringement of the law , but in standing up for their principles , and showing the legislature that justice and sound policy called for their enactment —( hear , bear ) . This had been his mede of advocating the question , and how consolatory it -was to him to find , after ali tne gibes , and taunts , and abase , and misrepresentation , which bad been heaped upon him by mere tools of faction , and the UtV . e minaed , that the

      glorious principles of the Charter were now beginning to find support on the part of those who had been the most hitter revilers of the industrious classes and their leaders—[\ on < & cheers ) . Yes , the " great ones" were beginning to come round to his principles—( cheers ) . They were beginning to discover that if they were te have free trade , they must first have it in legislation , and then they might obtain the co-operation of the labouring classes in obtaining the other—ihear , bear ) . The Chartists -were accused of tyranny , and & desire to jtrouble the Test of the community— ( " no , no . " ) Ah . ' they knew who -were the tyrants and the oppressors . If they bad the power , the Chartists would not place Lord Abinger in the dock , but they would , if they had the power , charter a vessel to bring back the victims of transportition , and open tne doors of the dungeons to the victims of incarceration —( cheers )>

      «• They never ran who die In a great cause ; the block nay soak their gore ; Their heads may sodden in the sun ; their limbs Be strung to city gates and castle walls—Bat still their spirit walks abroad . Though y « us Elapse , and others share as dark a doom , They but augment the deep and sweeping thoughts Which overpower all others , and conduct The world at last to freedom !'' He had now said as ranch as be felt himself equal to . And , in conclusion , he could assure them that never , in the-whole coarse of his life , had he derired mom heartfelt satisfaction than in listening to the admirable addresses of a countryican of his own , an * to that patriotic and iadoniitable Yorksbireman , in whose

      hands , as their advocate in the House of Commons , they must leave the question , when Parliament reassembled—( cheers . ) It was for the Chartists cut of doora to strengthen his hands , and to enable him to Bhow to the legislature that the people were only asking for their rights—less they dare not ask—more they did not wont—( cheers ., * Let them , tben , register their adherence to the Charter , the whole Charter , and nothing but the Charter , by giving nine cheers , as a proof that they would sticfc to it though death should be their reward . ( Mr . O'Connor concluded a long and eloquent address , of which , in consequence of the great rapidity of his ntterance , the above can only be considered an outline , amidst enthusiastic and pro-Ieng 6 d cheering . )

      The whole audience then TOae , and in conformity with the call made upon them , gave nine hearty cheers for the Charters . Mr . O'Cosx OE again rose , and said that Mr . Jones was wishful to set himself right , with regard to that passage in his speech , on which be ( Mr . O'C . ) had offered an observation . Mr . Jo > 'ES said that with the greatest good feeling , he rose to correct an error into which Mr . O'Connor had fallen . That gentleman had told the meeting that he ( Mr . Jones ) was ready to agitate for the Charter , either under that name or some other . Now , hebelievedit would be sufficiently in the recollection of the meeting , that what he sai < l was this , that a man who professed to sympathise with the people , and yet wou \ d not

      advocatethe principles embodied in the Charter , or some other like them , was no friend of the working classes , bnt a mere hollow-hearted pretender—( hear , hear , and exclamations of " that ' s correct ") . So tax from wiahing to ahrini fr # m the principles of the Chut ** , he begged to inform the meeting that he was to be proposed at Liverpool , as a candidate to represent the people of that town , at the Birmingham Conference , and he was pledged to stand by the Charter—( hear , hear ) . He merely tffcred this explanation for the purpose of preventing an ; misunderstanding , and also in defence of hia own political characttr which w& » quite as sacred to him , as that of Mr . O'Cazmor could be to that gentleman —( hear , bear . )

      Glee— " The Red Cross Knight . " The Cbaumix next gave" The Working classes , and protection to labour . " Tbe'toast was enthusiastically applauded . 11 r . J . Leach , of Manchester , rose amidst loud cheers to respond to the sentiment He said , that the very eloquent reasoning which they had heard , and the very forcible manner in ¦ which that reasoning had been impressed open their minds , afforded a very strong and sufficient apology fcr him not to trespass Ion ? upon their attention . Of all the questions that could be brought before the people , that of labour was the most important , as far as the working classes were concerned . . ( Hear , bear , and cheering . ) " The labouring Classes , and protection to their industry . How

      was that to be accomplishedI ? The Anti Corn Law League said that the only thing to give protection to labour , was to give free bade—( laughter . ) But what sort of free trade did they mean ? They might talk of free trade with the slaves of one country and the slaves of another , but they never talked of free trade with the working classes— ( Hear , hear . ) A few evenings ago be was discussing tfee question with one of the lecturers of the Anti-Cern L * w Lesiue , at Todmorden , and he introduced a fact tben which he would introduce now . He said that three years ago , a certain party employed eighteen bleachers of cloth to whom he paid thirty sfciliiugs a-week . The ingenuity of one of these men invented a machine , in consequence of which he was now only employing tout 1

      men out of the eighteen . "Oh , ' said the lecturer of the League— " Establish free trade , and tod will fiDd such an impetns to your trade , that the other fourteen men will be employed . ' Yes , but a little awkward fact introduced iteelf , namely , that the trade of the party referred to , bad increased one third during the last three years . —( Hear , hear . )—He was now doing more with fonr men and a machine , than Ue had done before -with eighteen men , and ibe four men he now employed -were getting—not thirty shillings a week , but fifteen shil- 'ings—( Loud cries of " Hear , hear . ";— " O , " said the anti-bead tax lecturer , " it is that infamous , that most diabolical law which restricts the trade of England , and causes the -working classes to be starving in the midst of the wealth which their own labour creates . How is

      it likely that they can get clothing , while your warehouses are crammed with goods ? ' Why , this was the very reason that the workirg classes should just have as much as they required—ihear , hear ) . The bread tax . perhaps , amounted to sixpence per head in ihe consumption of food , and he put it to the anti-Corn Law kctnrer , whether the 15 s . tax , consequent upon the inYention of a machine , by employing four men at 15 s . a-week , instead of 18 before , at 30 s , was not more than the sixpenny tax?—( hear , hear , and cheers . ) Tben , it -was said " destroy machinery . " No . They did not seek that There was a very great difference between the use and the abuse of a thing . The Chartists did not seek the destruction of machinery , but they wanted to give the people

      power to make machinery subservient to their happiness—tLoud cries of " hear , hear . " ) Never could this be accomplished until the people had the power to make the laws which so materially affected tbeir lives and the wealth which they created—( Hear , bear ) . Peel had admitted in the House of Commons that the people had a perfect right to the suffrage , but that the rieht was only an abstract one—( " oh , oh ! ' ) He ( ilr . reach ! did not know the difference between the two . H * held that right ^ r&e right , and that -wrong was wrong—iHear , hear . ) Why would not Peel give the franchise to the labouring classes ? Because they were not sufficiently intelligent to make good use of itthisses . j He was aware that the working classes had not the intelligence thai Peel had , but he did

      contend that they had a great deal which Peel had not—( hear , bear , and laughter ) . They had not such an education as Peel had got They might not know how to go through the etiquette of the higher order of society , or how many bows and scrape * to make to a duke or a marquis- But they tnew how to manufacture a good tat , and Peel cttd not—icheera and laughter . ) He was too ignorant . The working classes eould make shoes , bnt-Peel eon : d not—( hear , hear . ) They conld weave cloth and make it into eoate . Peel could not do so . Why ? Because he was too ignorant—( hear , bear , and laughter . ) Why , the very carpet npon which Peel strutted , in all bis sdf-fancied conceit , was ma < Ie by the working classes , who bad fax more sense than be had , oi ev « would have—( hear , and

      cheers . ) Thebednpon -which he laid was made bymen of far more intelligence than he possessed . ( Hear , bear ) So much lor Peel * jndgment of the people ' s fitnew ioi the electoral franchise . What wonja have been their condition , « they bad been u fcoorant as >> e -was ? ThdSoald make shoes for him , and provide him with dotfaa , and weave his carpets , and they had intelligence enough to make him a coach to ride in , imd yet be said they were too ignorant to be entrusted with the francMHi . ( HeM , bear , and b iases . ) What would be Peel s position in the world , if the people possessed ne more intellitence than he did ? Why , he wonld be standing stark-iaked in the world , a Hienument of aristocratic ignorance and impudence . ( Great laughter . ) Tben , again , it was said that ptoptrty would be endanceredif the working classes "were entrusted with the

      , francbisa . What xrcs property I It stoned test mere wood and Etone was to be considered of greater value

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      than the living man Who elaborated it into shape , and gave ic the only value it possessed—( Hear , hear . ) The material waa made more valuable by law than by the hand that worked it—the plough more valuable than the hand that guided it through the soil—( Hear , bear . ) This ought not to be , but it waa so . There was ne property , withont the aid of the working classes , although the name had been given to it . How many factories were there standing in Leeds that sight ? Were they property ? There was not a farthing ' s worth of property about them . They were property about half-past seven that night , and they would be property again in the morning , because working men would walk into them , and then they became property , because those working men converted that "Which , would otherwise be

      nseless and unprofitable , into that which was valuable and useful —( Hear , hear . ) Then the question cameshould that Btuff to which the name of property bad been given , but which was of no nse without the industry of the labouring classes , be considered of more value than thoss who produced it ?—( " No , no . " ) That was a question to be decided between the people and the people ' s oppressor * . How soon it wonld be decided , he did not exactly know ; but , judging from the growing intelligence of the country , and the position of the middle classes , it could not be far distant—( bear , hear . ) Mr . O'Connor had told them that Peel bad set up for a Chartist manufacturer , and that be was doing se by the screw be had lately put npon the middle classes—( hear , hear ) . The working classes had been accustomed to say

      it was of very little consequence what burthens were put upon them , the middle classes , because they had so happy a knack ef thrusting them off their own shoulders . But the state of things was altered now . The middle classes must either bear tbeir own burthens themselves , or cast them away , -which they pleased—( hear , bear ) . The labouring classes would not be made tbeir tools any longer—( cheers ) . They assisted them in the struggle for the Reform Bill , and some of them got hanged f # r their pains—( bear , bear ) . Now , the middle classes Were shouting again for assistance . n * 'Do , " said they , " good fellows , help us out of oar difficulties . It is true we deceived you once , but we shan't do it again . ' . '—( laughter . ) What was the answer of the

      wo . king classes ? They said , "No ; we wont help you-out , and we will not let you get oat either . : If y « u wish for a honest union with the working classes , we will walk out of oar difficulties together , but if you are not prepared lo go with us , we shall cling to your coat laps , and hold you where you are . "—( Hear , hear , and laughter . ) They had heard much of class legislation , and that it was which bad robbed the bouses of the working classes of every comfort which they onca possessed . Thby had not the power of defending themselves against it . Why , in Manchester there were 3 . 000 of what were called " noveable tenants . " They shifted about from one place to another , every six or eight weeks . The landlord finding that he could get no rent told the tenant to

      take his bits Of things away , because they were not -worth taking himself ; but the tenant said , " No , I find I can lira 'here as well as any where else , and I will stop here now . "—( Hear , hear)—This v ; aa the mode which the people were compelled to adopt to Wring property to its own level , and they ought to do it . It w . is neither fair , honourable , or just that property should be considered of more importance than the men who created it—( Hear , hear . )—Show him any particular enactment in the law of England which gave protection to the bonest portion of the industrious classes . There were laws in abundance to give full scops to avarice and injustice , but not one solitary law to protect the industrious clostes against that avarice and injustice . —( Hear , hear . )—It

      bad been said that if they repealed the Corn Laws , they -would destroy the foreign trade . Why , were the labouring classss so silly as to suppose tfeat Russia , Prussia , Ameriea , Germany , and many other places , with tbeir millions of inhabitants , Would pull doWU their factories , and tarn to the plough tail , simply to become manufacturers for the English , and to allow the English cotton lords to become monopolists of the whole of Europe ?—( ahouta of " No , no . " ) He thought not No law could destroy the foreign trade . They must have prosperity at home , and that could never be accomplished until the present system was cat up root and branch—( loud cheers ) . He remembered that Spring Rice had quoted , as an argument in favour of foreign trade , that Ireland was more prosperous in 1831 than

      in 1824 . Hs brought documents to prove that the trade in Ireland bad increased , £ 34 , 000 , 000 within the two periods . But what did he prove in reality ? Wby , that the trade bad increased from £ 8 , 000 , 000 to , £ 12 , 000 . 000 , or , in other words , that the people had been rebbad of £ 4 . . , because although more bullocks , mow shetp , more pigs , mare ejjss , and more poultry , might have left Ireland in 1834 than in 1824 , yet this was far from proving increasing prosperity of the country —( bear , hear . ) It simply proved this fact that the people of Ireland were too poor to consume what they produced , and , therefore , a market must be found for that prodnce elsewhere—( bear , hear . ) And wby were the people so poor , and moTd especially in England , that they could not

      clothe and feed themselves » Because machinery had superseded manual labour—( hear , hear . ) The man to whom he had alluded in the early part of his observations , according to the increased trade he bad got , ought now to be employing twenty-six men at thirty shillings a-week . Instead of four at fifteen—( hear . ) The Chartists were charged with being wishful to destroy machinery —( " No . " ) Why , he remembered a Chartist once saying that he should be very much obliged to any man if he would invent a machine to take him to bed —( laughter ) , —but that there should be this condition attached to it , that the bed should not be taken from him as -well—( hear , bear ) . The working classes thought that if machinery took away their labour , it bad no ri ^ nt to take the cl othes from tbeir backs and the food from their bellies—( hear , hear , and cheers . ) The present system could not continue . He

      believed England was destined to be the most wretched , the most degraded , and the most contemptible of any nation in the World , if that monstrous system of class legislation under which they were now suffering , was not entirely abolished —( Hear , hear . ) Foreign powers were getting stronger , and they knew how to defend themselves . America was a powerful nation , and destined to become greater than any other . It was for the people of England , then , to look to themselves , and to arrest , if the other classes would not , the ruin with which the country was threatened . He most heartily responded to the toast of tbo " Working classes and protection for their labour , " and he hoped the time was not far distant when th « enactment ot the Charter would giro to both their due and proper reward , —( Mr . Leach concluded amidst much cheering . )

      At this Etage of the proceedings , Mr . Duncombe and Mr . O'Connor left the room . Their departure waa greeted by load cheering .

      Glee— "Oft let me wander . " The Chaibma . n gave as the next toast" The speedy release of Frost , Williams , and Jones , and all political prisoners . " Drunk with much enthusiasm . Mr . T . FbaZIEB responded to the toast . He said he believed that there were very few persons in that assembly who would net join with him in the expression of opinion , that soon might Frost , Wiilams , Jones , and Ellis , be brought back to their native land—( hear . ) But bow were they to be brought back ? They could not expert the parties who had sent them far away would bring them back again . ( Hear , hear . ) The Charting of Eagland must depend upon themselves for the consummation of this object , an < i thyso who admired

      these exiled patriots , and sympathised with them in tbeir distress , must struggle to obtain freedom themselves , and then they could bring them back again . ( Cheers . ) They must not allow these men to live out their days in a foreign country . They must have them home again . ( Hear , hear , and cheers . ) They had not been guilty , as had been falsely charged against them , of the mighty , heinous crime of endeavouring to bring about a bloody revolution among the people , and to establish thefr freedom by bloodshed—( hear , hear ) . They did not wish to have liberty purchased at such a cost—they wished to achieve it bloodltssly . They wanted a peaceful struggle , such as they were engaged in at the present moment . Tbeir weapooB were truth and justice—those of their opponents

      were unjust witnesses and unjuBt judges—( hear , bear , and cheers ) . These judges and these juries might have been paid by gold , or they might have been acted npon by interest , but the esteem in which the Chartists held such men as Frost , Williams , ' Jones , and Ellis , could never bo sold , and he trusted that it would never decrease in them—( shouts of " no , no . ") They must bring thtai home again , and although their tyrants had these weapons to afflict them with , although they might try to rule them wiih a rod of iron , and although they might try to put them down by the terror of ; dungeons ana trans , portation , there was something within their breaste which would animate them to persist in the glorious strnggle which they had begun—( cheers ) . They had

      much to encourage them . They were gathering f i-ienda from the middle classes of society— ( bear heat ) . One or two they had had among them that evening , and the principles of CharMEm were likewise spreading among their own order—( hear , hear . ) It had often been said that " for a nation to be free , it is sufficient that she wills it" Let them get the nation to cay ao . iet them get the nation to join in the demand for the Charter , and then it would become the law of the land . He was aware that the means at their , disposal for spreading their principles W 6 re contracted . But still let there be none faint hearted . Let those who had worked before determine to be more active tfcaa ever . If they wished

      to be free , they must effect It by a mighty struggle—( hear ) . He called npon them not to concede a single inch of the ground they had taken up . Let them go on straightforward , and be determined by peaceable and moral means to obtain their rights . He believed they could achieve them if they liked—( hear . ) Had they not the disposition ?—( Yes ) He knew they had . Bat many of tfcem were not . up to the mark . They were not Cbartista in soul and body . He called upon them to be so , to exert their whole energies for their attainment ef the Charter ; Bnd a united people , with a righteous demand in their bands , could not loug be resisted by any Govsrunent to whichever of the tv > o factions tbe paity in power mifcht happen to belong . ( Mr . Fn . zDr c icluded am'dstconsiderable cbter ' ng . ) " G ; ee , — " Tie House fl Commons in an uproar . "

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      . Xhe CHAIBMAN eaid they had no * arrived at the last w * st but one , and the next sentiment he should offer _ . " The immortal memory of Mttlr , Palmer , Cirtwright , Hunt , Filzsrald , Emmett , and all the illustrious dead ? Z * y 1 TL naUon "" I e *« ry dime , who have fought in the glorious cause offreedom . " J ^ ' \? l H ' B * i * s ™ w , of Leicester , came forward amidst cheers , to speak to the sentiment . He - £ k y " ? yiDg that iilt were warrantable , praiseworthy , and laudable in the aristocrccy to place on record the name 8 of y ^ who had traveiled tnrongh human gore and oceans of human * ££ ' . *? e 8 tab » sb an oligarchy , to rivet the chainB of despotism on a nation ' s limbsor bnt to fasten

      , by another fibre , the crown * n a legitimate monarch ' s neaa , —if « were laudible and praiseworthy in the aristocracy to celebrate the birth days , as well as the day on which the last of these men was committed to tne earth , wag it not equally praiseworthy and justifiable fa the democracy of this country , in placing the proud and illustrious names which had been read from tne chair , on record , and perpetuating their deeds of valour , ef heroism , of patriotism , and of philanthropy , on the tablet of the mind , as well as planting them in the hearts and affections of every breathing and living Cfeaitist ?—( hear , and cheers . ) It was said in the page of divine inspiration— "He being dead , yet speafctb .: example is more powerful than words . " If there was one cause more than another in

      which it would be justifiable to bring the names and memories of the dead to recollection , and to awaken up reminiscences of the past , it could not be employed in a mor « holy and sacred cauee than that In which they were then embarked —( Hear , hear . )—Proud as might be the trophies which the aristocracy had won on blosd-stained battle fields , wealthy a « the aristocracy had become , in pillaging every foreign nation of its spoil and gorging themselves with its ptey—ptoud as might be their heraldicjatles , and splendid as might be the emblazonment of their ancestry , twd the '/ houses ' with which they inight be connected , there was not among the whole of them , no , not in the whole page of history , that could be con-Bidered equal with those mentioned in the sentiment proposed by the chairman—one whose virtues would

      bear moment ' s comparison with theirs , or one whose henoar would live when these were green and verdurous as at the present hour—( hear , heat ) . Mu ^ , the enterprising , the young , the vigorous , and tb / aVdent , lit up the flaming torch of liberty in Scotland , to illumine the despotism and the gloom with which Dundas and Pitt had overclouded the country—Muir , the noble ami independent , was seizac ! , thrown into a dungeon , and sentenced to fourteen years' transportation in a foreign land , where he ended his days . ( Shame !) Palmer , a disaentiny clergyman , waa an individual who shared the sarnafate . He was arrested at the same time , tried with as little ceremony , and sentenced with as little feeling . He fell a victim to the cruel and vindictive persecution Of the Tory Government of that day . The

      next name on the list was the venerable patriot—Cartwright—( cheers , )—and the next was the indomitable , bold , and lion-hearted Henry Hunt ( Hear , hear , and loud cheering . ) Henry Hunt was the bold , disinterested , and uncompromising advocate of those same great principles , which they were asserting ot the present hour , and on the platform at Peterloo , when the ruffianly hands of the cavalry were dealing death and bloodshed around them , he displayed the same courage that day which marked bia character up to the hour of his death-Hhear ; hear , and cheera . ) Men changed , but he remained true , faithful , and firm to the People ' s Charter —( hear , hear . ) When Would they see his like again ? The next two names on the Hat were Fitzzerald and Emmett , two unfortunate

      Irishmen . The first lost his life in an . affray , and the other bad become immortalized by the memorable and eloquent speech which he made , when Norbury , the coldblooded miscreant who eat on his trial , asked him with bitter mockery , and with sarcastic irony , why sentence of death should not be pronounced against him . Those who had read the life of Emmett , and who had rea 4 the circumstances connected with it and with bis defence , would know how to admire the glowing , the . ardent , the warm , and unconquerable ener « y of that spirit which could never be quenched but in the gloom of the grave —( hear , hear / . No verbal ! inscription marked the monument which covered hiB mortal remains , but there was an inscription engraven in the heart of every true democrat

      In Gceat Britain and Ireland , —an immortal inscription that would remain the : e , after all the pride and pomp of insignia , and all the proud titles , and all the fulsome adulation and lies written for the aristocracy , had been forgotten —( cheers ) . What a contrast there was between tfeese and the actions of moat other men . Englishmen had figured . little on the page of history , except in aiding the aristocracy in their unjust aggressions . Let them strive to make theirs a nobler destiny . Lot them strive to act a higher character , to perform a a nobler part What , man become the slave of bis brother ! When men were found to prostrate themselves at the foot of a despot , the nation sunk not only in its political position , but in the self-esteem and self-respect of other nations . It was the most deplorable

      index to the . declining liberties of the people , and the final ruin aud downfall of empires . When the working classes lost their selfrespect , and gave up the greatness of their own nature , to prostrate themselves before tinsel , coronets , and the pageantry which surrounded the aristocracy ; when they gave up mind to matter , —It was tben that the deapet triumphed , —it was then that tyranny rioted and revelled in undisputed dominion , —it was then that the working classes sank irrecoverably to rise * o more—( loud cheers ) . Let them take a lesson from the noble heroes who were exhibited before them in the list which had been read . Their names were immortal . They stood connected with the establishment fa great principle—a principle implanted in the

      heart of every human being that was created , which was breathed into them with the breath of life—the desire to be free—free as the winds of heaven , free as tbebretzsof spring free as all nature was . ( Cheers . ) Let them no longer voluntarily prostrate themselves before the ariscocracy . ( Hear , bear . ) Let them no longer sacrifice the dignity of their nature , by being the mere slaves and serfs of aristocrats , of millionaires , of kings , and emperors , and sultans , and cZirs , who , after all , were nothing more than men . ( Rear , bear . ) Time was , when the great bulk of the community were dazzled by the trappings and external insignia of such men . They thought there was something substantial beneath , but now they bad found that it was mere akin—tne mere surface , and that when stripped of these

      gaudy trappings , there was eaconced under them a mana poor creeping , crawling worm of the earth , before whom they were to bow dotra and worship . ( Cheers . ) And men had worshipped them ! And why ? Because they thought there was Bomb tiling tangible in high , sounding names , till at length , they discovered them to be aiero air bladders puffed up for the purpose of creating astonishment , and to attract tho vacant stare of the ignorant and the foolish . ^—( Loud cheers . )—Why , men had bowed doWn before a lord . Why ? Simply because he was called a lord . —( Hear , hear . )—If he had been a working- nan the multitude would rattier have blown tbeir noses npon him . —( Laughter and cheers . ) - — If a lord came into Leeds , or if her " Most Gracious Majesty , the Queen , " — Queen simply by acckdent ,

      because she was born in a palace , and because a certain man happened to be her father , and a certain woman her ntotber—was to pass through this town , he should not be surprised if working men wonld be found to lay aside tbeir own nature , in order to fill the place of horses , and to shout as if their back bones would strike fire against their ribs —( Much laughter ) Yes . The working classes had been their own oppressera—their own deatreyers . By their suppleness , by their servileness , by their littleness in their own esteem , by their voluntarily imposed humility , they bad become that cringing , crawling reptile , that had probtruted itself in the dust , that had been content with every name and epithet , onfl every kind of drudgery , —this thing which

      had been laden like a beast , Kicked like a spaniel , laBhed like a horse , had never dared to exhibit its teeth or to bite—( loud cheers . ) If it did either one thing or the other , it was immediately arreted and thrown into a dungeon —•( hear , hear . ) Was not this a specimen of the manner in which society was cornposed ?—( hear , hear . ) What did he ask them to do ? He asked them to exhibit the virtues that these illustrious dtad had exhibited—their firmness and attachment to piinbiple ,- ^ -their devotion to liberty , — their heroic spirit of self-denial and martyrdom , — . tbiit spirit which taught a man to discard ail other considerations in his desire to enlarge the sphere of happiness of the whole human race . —( Cheers . )—The working classes had not worked

      out their own destiny as they ought to have done . They must now work out their own salvation . They had the power to obtain the Charter , if they directed their energies in the proper channel . Public opinion had taken a turn which it would be impossible to divert . Lord Abinger might spread bis Scarlett influence over a jury box—juries might be brought , steaming with prejudice , into the box , —judges of the moat corrupt and venal description , might be selected to sit upon the trials—dungeons mi g ht open their doors , and close upon their victims—a prostituted and mercenary press might aid in the persecutionevery species of tyranny , civil and ecclesiastical , might come to the aid of the people's oppressors , but in the end the people would be free —( Much cheering . ) Now , then , was' the time for their political redemption . They ought to havo been free long ago . Why

      were they still in bondage ? It was in consequence of their cowardice , tbeir pusalianimity , their way wrirdness , and tbeir balf-heartedneaB , that they were yet bo far from their object—( Hear , hear . ) Let the people but exhibit a portion of the spirit aud devotion to the cause of liberty which Muir and his illustrious co-patriots had done , and the Charter was their own —( cheers ) . The cause was in their bands . They were now sailing in the national democratic frigate , on a tempestuous ocean it might be , bat with truth aa tfeeir rudder , justice as their pilot , honesty in tbeir commander , and epirit and determination in the crew , he believed they would , ere long navigate her safe through all the rocks and breakers by which she was surrounded , safe into the port of national prosperity and into the harbour ef national happiness , because of individual centcnt . ( Mr , Balrstow resumed Lia seat amidst great cheering . ) '

      The Chairman then gave the last toast— "The Ladies "—Igreat cbeeriDg )—and called upon - ¦ ' Mr . Wm . JONES , who responded ; in appropriate terms , urging upon those ladies present to use their

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      influence with their husbands , sweethearts , and brothers , to join in the demand for the Charter , air ihe only means of making tbeir homes happy , and thft r familiesprosperous . The interesting proceedings then terminated at about one o ' ciocfe , and the nuaiQTOtcs party retired , highly deb ' gbted with the treat they had enjoyed ,

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      A LECTURE DELITERED IN MARYLEBONE IN 1841—STILL APPROPRIATE , PERHAPS . " While they promise them liberty , they themselves are the servants of corruption . "—2 nd Peter , 3 rd chap ., 19 th verse . '¦¦¦ . " ' ¦ ' ¦ .. '¦ . ¦ ¦ - '¦" ¦ ' . . . ' . ¦' : ' '¦; ..: Chaktist Brethrew—I intend to nfght , by God ' s help ; and with your favour , to descant upon the corruptions and abuses that have crept into the Chartist cause itself- —that tarnish its glory , that impair its strength , and , unless now checked , unleBa now swept out , will speedily destroy , or , what ia worse , convert the cause into a curse , instead of a blessing—aye , make it a worse thing than the accursed system which it is meant to remove , or to remedy . The peculiar position in which I have been placed has enabled me most particularly to see , to know , and to feel the evils which threaten , which actually afflict our cause . I will give you the benefit of my experience . I would not wish you to pass through the same yourselves . \

      Having flung myself pub of the iniquitous system into our righteous cause to sink or swim with it , having as a Ch&itist . identified myself with Cb&rtisra , to be whatever it makes me—to no wherever it directs me—to suffer whatever it appoints me , I may say of myself and brethren in the words of St Paul— " Even to this present hour we both hunger and thirst , and are naked , aud are huffated , and have no certain dwelling-place . " One of those who left all to follow Chartism—a luxuricna borne for a bare prison—the rsink and station of a gen . tleman to become a bookseller—a house and shop for a mere lodging . Chartism shut the home and the hearts of my parents and brethren against me—it made me an exile , an outcast , a fugitive , and yet , thank Grod , I can bVesa Chartism , and say of it , as Goldsmith said of poetry , ¦• . .- ¦' , ' : ¦ ; . . ' ; . ¦ ¦ ' ' . ¦ . ¦'¦ . ¦' : '¦ .: " ¦ ' . * '

      "Sweet source of all my joy and all my woe , That made me poor at first , and keeps ine so . " Having struggled so long , so hard—having suffered so much in tho causa—sacrificed so much for it—think ye not that I love it—that I doit on it with all the fondness of a mother for her babe which is rendered dearer to her by her very travail fofit ? '¦' ¦ : Can"I then view without jealous alarm any attempt to injure or to deface the cause ? One who has given up ease , health , happiness—a prosperous position and still more prosperous prospects—is it for jfuch an one to sit supine , to sit silent , to sit and see evil befal , or only likely to befftl this cause—should he not tun to th « rescuesound the alarm and interpose himself to intercept the blow ?— -yea , having served the " - ' cause in life—having sacrificed to it all that makes life valuable—let me sacrifice life itself at last and serve the cause even in death .. ' ¦ ¦ . ¦ . " "'¦ ¦¦ : : ' ¦ ' ..: '•¦•' ¦ ¦ . ¦¦" .. ¦ V -

      But the evils that , are now resulting to our cause are from evil-doors in the causa itself—not from avowed enemies , bnt from professing friends—not from Whigs or Tories , but from Chartists themselves—and , therefore , as Bome Bendtive ones say , we should be tender to them . '—we should not touch them . ' ! Should wa not ? Ah , my friends , this caut is itself an evil—it has already done itj much miBchief— we have been humbugt ? ed by it If they are Chartists tbat are now injairing Chattism—injutit g it more than Corn Law Repealers , Socialists , New Movers , or Teetotallers could do—or would do—if our enemies be of our own

      household—in our own camp-r-then is the evil more to be deplored—it is more to be dreaded—then doth it bdhove the true frtenda of the cause to be all the more loud in warning , in rebuke , in remonstrance , yea , and , if necessary , in denunciation also . I know that this is a disagreeable tnsk , a painful outy—I would it were not necessary to be done—I would some one else would undertake it—I bad rather suffer anything : short : of seeing the cause suffer than do it myself—yet , lest the cause should suffer by the neglect of this most pressing and indispensible duty , I will do it and I care not what motives are attributed to me—what imputations are cast on m«—I have an answer here for all—a still

      and quiet conscience ! ,.-. - ; : ¦ Sentinels are now more needed than soldiers ; for unless the army be saved from the foe without and the false friends within , we shall neither keep in a condition to attack the enemy nor to defend ourselves . He therefore is your beat friend who forewarns you , for be thereby forearms you , and the more praise is due to him the more unwelcome his warning may be . Do not , therefore , aa some of pur Chartists did on a former occasion , fall foul on me for doing my duty ; but fall on those who render that duty necessary .

      . We have now , my friends , a party among us more dangerous , more deadly than even the New Move party . That party went out from us , and boisted the standard of revolt ; but the party I speak of remain with us ; they hoist our colours ; and by perfidy , by peculation , by prevarication they seek to destroy or to disgrace the movement . They unscrew , unpeg the chord of Chartism , and make it play false—jar discordantly . Canker-worms are they who , when the " tree of freedom'a wither ed trunk puts forth a leaf , " creep into it— -bite it —blight ii , and feed in ths corruptions which they cause . These pests of Chartism resemble a party that pestered Christianity , whom the Apostle Paul characterizes as " lovers of themselves , ; covetous , boasters , false accusers , despisers , of the good . " Now , our noble

      cause requires noble-minded , sound-hearted men—men like those who sat in the American Congress- —such as Washington , Franklin , Adams , Jefferson , —not weak , spiteful , selfish creatures , who fume with self-importaijce , fret with mad impatience , and fritter away the public time and money—who have no charity , no candour , and are only fit to cast discredit on a cause that owns them not—that knows them not , for they bave not a Christian or a Chartist garment Away with these , they are worse than traitors : traitora are tangible : you may get hold of thorn ; but the insignificant vermin of whom I speak are like those insects that bcz and sting , but are so small that they escape the grasp , and can annoy—can envenom with impunity . I could name every one ef them— -1 know them well . They are

      the Jews , the Jerry Sneaks , the Jeremy Diddlers of Chartism . I could name them one by one ; but that would be perssnall and it is better that they should be suffered to proceed in their vile courses ; it is better that we should be provoked by them , be plagued by them—that they should drive out the good that are in , and keep out the good that would come in ; it is better that they should corrupt the cause itself , make it contemptible , render it ridiculous , than that we should be personal !!! than that we should point them out With the finger of scorn , and put thun out with the strong arm of indignation . Yet they are but puppets , a kind of Punch and Judy Chartists , who ploy their parts greatly for tho benefit of tbeir incog , masters and a little for their owtn , —tools , dupes . Bat we want no child ' s play : we want the Charters \

      My friends , there are many things i that impede the progress of liberty ; but , because there are many , and because they are very difficult to withstand , there should be all the more care taken that we choose proper advocates ,-whose conduct will not be such as to increase rather than remove the 6 ifficulties in our way . In the first place , boys should not be sent to do the business of men—of mankind . Let the forward be kept backward . The vain and impertinent are more seafty than the wise— - . •" ' ' ¦ ¦ ¦ ' ¦ , ¦ .-. ¦ ¦ . ' ¦ ¦

      " Fools rush in where angels fear to tread !" We have many Cbattiato who do not know what Chartism is , what it means , whose practices are mere perversions of our principles . They cannot comprehend a great cause—they cannot abstract themselves from self •—they bring their own private , petty personal feelings before the public , and , instead of uniting to forward the cause , they thwart each other by factious opposition and jealous jars—jobbers . An honest man is a spectre to them ; at the sight of him they immediately leave off

      their contentions with each other , and combine to oppose him—conspire to ruin him . Cabals and intrigues will be formed against him , and ten to one but he "will be driven away in disgust or despair . Yes , Jet an honest Chartist come-from the country—come fromLanca&hire , or Staffordshire , or Yorkshire , for these are tlie counties where Chartism flourishes most—let him come to Cookneyshire , to Cockaigne—come as a missionary , pome as a wan , come in real earnest for the cause , sincere , and what will be his fate ? He will become a beacon , a buoy .

      When I commenced my Chartist campaign in London , I chose for my motto the following stanza from Byron : — ' . . , - ; . -. ' - . ¦ ¦' ¦ - . ¦¦ '" . .-. ¦' - . •¦ . " : ' - ¦ ' ¦¦*¦ . * ' And from the . planks far sbatter'd o'er the rocks Build me a little bark of hope , once more To battle "with the ocean and the shocks Of the loud breakers , and the ceaseless roar Which . ' rashes on the Solitary shore , Where all lies founder'd that was ever dear . But could I gather from tbe wave-worn store Enough for my rnde bark , where should I Bteer ? . There woos no home , no hope , no life , save what is here . ; ¦ ¦ ''¦ ¦ ''¦ ' . ¦ ¦ ' ' - . - V .. . ' - ¦ ¦

      Yes , I I « ft myself no reserve , no retreat My maxim was , I > o all , dare all . Xiike Prince Charles Edward , when I drew the sword I threw away the scabbard . I lent my name , my time , my means to the cause . I was willing to act aa the auxiliary , the ally , the very servant of the great men who had preceded me—who were placed abeve me , and I wished but for a position that would enable me to take an active , an effective part in the movement I took one up . I tried it as » n experiment . It failed . Who was to-blame ? Surely not myself , for I did what one man could do , fighting the battles of othera , rather than my own * night and day , at home and abroad—not tb * people , who always act justly when not prejudiced or misled—not the selfish , undermining , circumventing crew , -who , by baits and bribes and tricks of every description , rulu all and ruina'l . " . ; . ; . ' . ' ¦¦ ¦ •" ' _ . ' ¦' ; . -. - ' , . . , ' ; . / . ¦ - ; .. ' . ¦/ ' •¦ ' , ' . ' On fair ground I could beat forty of them . " ¦;

      But I had not Mr ground—not ^ a fair fiald . When , lake Hotspur , I waB dry with rage and extaeiaa . toil ,.

      " Breathless and faint , leaning upon my BWOJd " - ^ - when , like Hector , I was seated for rest , spsnt , unarmad , tuflu ,. at that cUcsen moment , the dastard curs

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      the heartless hinds , Hfce Achilles ' . myrmidons , bui < rounded me , beset me on every hand , and overpowered m 3 with numbers . I cast many ' . a northward look —I fought bard—I fought to the last— - ! fell fighting-i Had even now ( 1841 ) ' chat I am down—that I am In ibeir hands—that I am under their "feet . I piercethem ; v stab them as Charles XII did the Turks at Bender I shall beat them yet r ; ' f To be concluded in ottr next . J

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      ENGLAND EXPECTS EVERY MAN TO DO

      HIS DUTY I " These .- words are memorable on two acconnts;—1 st—Because they were uttered by the greatest naval hem which England or perhaps the world ever saw—uttered by him -just before going into battle—his last battle with tbe French which was fought at Trafalgar where he fell victorious : —but , secondly , they are memorable on their own account—on account of the important truth-which they contain . Nelson used these words in a mistaken sense—the duty be was then about to engage in waa not the duty which England expects of every man or of any man—he falsely thought that he was to fight for bis king and eouatry , bat it was for h ' s king alone—his country disclaims auch duty—it rather requires the reverse ; but if Nelson and his brave tars .

      though actuated by a false idea , fought so courageously in a bad cause how ought we strive for our good cause 1 the victory they gained could not be glorious ; it lacked the essential characteristic of glory , a good cause 1— the greater it was , the more it was to bis deplored ; for they were only rivetting their country ' s chains the closeronly fastening the yoke more tightly upon their necks , and making tneir burdens the heavier . But if they could strive so stoutly for tbeir oppressors , ought not we to strive more energetically for ourselves ? thrJr conflict was one of blood aud horror , but outs , as befitaoux r ishteoua cause , is one of peace , law , and order . Now .

      a « such mistakes have arisen—as men are so apt to fall into a mistaken sense of duty—it is very requisite that we should know what our duty really is , and , knowing it , that we should do It and do no other . We have indeed many dnties to psrform—there is our duty to God ' and our country—our duties as men , as huabanda , as parents , as . children , as masters , aa ^ eeivants , and so on ; but all these may be said to merge into one grand duty which comprises all , namely , our duty , to ourselves , for we never perform our duty so truly to ourselves as when we . perform it to othera—this is the way to obtain peace here and happiness hereafter . This is doing our duty 1 - .

      But there are particular cases of duty which particular circumstances require . The duty which England at present expects every man to do , and which I mean to make the prominent topic of this discourse , is to rescue her from that perdition which the tyranny of tbe aristo cracy , and the avarice of the middle-classes , ia fast hastening her to—in a word the duty which we have more particularly jto do is to redeem our « elvas from slavery . This is pur business at present England expects every Englishman to free himself and to save his country . This , then , is our duty—the first to be done , for until we are free we cannot do our duty properly , either to God or man . We can do only the will of our tyrants , who task us , who torture us , and starve us when we can no longer work for them , or force us to emigrate

      when they have nothing further for us to do . But how are we to . become free—bow is this duty to fee donethis object to be accomplished ? . We most first associate to le . « n eur rights , and then unite to regain them . Englishmen once were free , and by the blessing of God they will again be free . They have been defrauded and disarmed , and now , feeling what they have lost , feeling it in their homes and their hearts—feeling it everywhere they seek the cause ; they have found i : —it is bad go * vernment—they want to apply the remedy—they know it—it is to reform tbe government : or rather to restora the ancient constitution of the country , which has been changed ; has been lost , has been destroyed by those who were its appointed guardians and conservators . The people . have been thrust out of power , and they must

      regain tbeir rights before they can Stop oppression , or remove or remedy its evils . How are they to regain them ? Why by the Charter ! But how are they to get the Charter ? Aye , that's the question—therein lies our duty—the duty that England expects of us—of every man among us . Manyplans have been proposednone have yet been fully acted up to , or carried out . One thing ia needful . Not physical force ; that would be a cursa Worse than the disease , or rather , it would confirm the disease . Moral force is sufficient ; , and is the only siife and efficient remedy . ¦^« must Make as many converts as we can . We have a weekly and daily press . -I wieb we bad a monthly too , for more mean * are wanted . We must get up our localities better ; see to the expanding of our own money , not so much on great and general eCl ^ ts , as on the extending and improving ; of our local spheres of action . We should

      observa more closely the engines or instruments by which the system works and eonupta the minds of m 4 sn or prevents them from joining us , and we should set up counteracting engines . Many men who might become Hatful members of our Association are now members of some other association , some association ' that is opposed to oursor misrepresents us . See the Protestant Opera * tlve Associations for upholding Church and State ; Tract Societies for upholding certain sects ; schools for inculcating the non-resisting and passive obedience doctrines of tyrants . How are we to bring Chartism to bear upon these citadels of corruption , these strongholds of iniquity , but by having schools and chapels of our own , to keep us or our children from those of th * enemy . We should thus fight the enemy on their own gTound . We should turn tbeir weapons against them , selves . Perhaps we should proceed more slowly , but it would be more surely .

      "England expects every man to do his duty . " Mark—not one mau or set ot men , bat every man . One man or sot of men , might do their duty—may do ithave dene it—but it avails little unless others join What would it signify if you or I did our duty , and the men of- other places did not theirs ? How many men , instead of doing their duty , are doing nothing , oi worse than nothing , running after dissipation ^ or folly ? We will not reproach them for this neglect of duty , but if they would consider how heavy it makes tbe duty for the few , and what suffering , ' -what sin , is taking placa in consequence of this duty not being dene—how England is sinking , deeper and deeper , day after day , in degradation and -ruin—if they would consider these things properly , would they not reproach themselves 1 Would

      not their consciences tell them that their neglect was criminal , cruel , ungrateful—their folly madness—their opposition diabolical . " England expects every man to do his duty . " He is not worthy the same of man who knows his duty yet will not do it—at any rate he ia not the man-England expects him to be—be is not a trueborn Englishman . Nor is it every man only that England expects to do his duty , but every woman likewise England expects every woman to do her duty—and the more influence women have , the more responsible are they for it t women are equally concerned with men in the welfare of England—for their own welfare equally depends upon it ; and their children ! what is to become of them if the world grow wors » , as undoabtfedly it will

      under the present system , ? Who would wish to live when a living cannot be had ? life under such circumstances is a series of miseries—every day is a kind of doomsday . Women can do more thau men in this great work ; for r / bat we want to do ia to persuade others to join us , and who can persuade so well at women ? -, . We all have heard of the great Westminster election , when Fox was the man . of the people ; ladies of the first rank went among the electors arid gob the promises of a vast number of votes ^—a great majority ensued . Who are . better tract distributors ' , collector * , or teachers than women ? Women do most of tbe essential services in the Wealeyau connexion . Women succeed beat in obtaining subscriptions—we can deny them nothing—they are irresistible ! ( To be concluded in our next . )

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      MARKET INTELLIGENCE . London , Smithfielu , Monday , dec . 19 th . — Consideri . g that the great Chirstmas market was held here IasS week , we had a . full averge number of beasts on effer tbia moruin ^ , and , taken as a whole , tbe quality , not only of the Scots , homelands , Herefords , Devons , Durbams , and short-horns , the four latter forming the principal portions of the arrivals , but , also , ef that of the other kinds brought forward was unusu ally good indeed , we might venture to observe that wa never saw ; better stock on sale at any previous corres ponding period of tbe year . Notwithstanding the wea ther was somewhat unfavourable to slaughtering , tbe beef trade was tolerably steady , yet far from brisk , and in most transactions , last week's quotations were supported . Bowever , as a general figure , we cannot quote

      more than 4 a 6 d for beef , though a few very superior Scots , Herefords , and Darkaais sold at higher rate * of currencyv and a good clearance wa « effected by the salesmen previously to tbe close of business . xVs to sheep , these were rather scanty , but of good average quailty—if ,-indeed , we except thai portion of the supply suffering from the trEscts of the epidemic . Tbe demand for them was rather firm , at about the quotations obtained on this day se ' nnight , viz , 3 s lOd to 43 for the best long-weolled and polled sheep ; and 43 4 d to 4 s 6 d per 8 ibs for the Dawns . The latter , by the way , was tbe extreme price . The Veal trade wa * late

      steady at rally , but at nothing quotable beyond , rates . Prime small Porkera sold freely , but in other kinds of Pigs little waa doing . The importation of live stock from abroad for our markets have been , as might be expected , oh a very limited scale , tbe principal receipts being at Hull aud Southampton . At the forme * port , so oxen and cowo have been received from Hamburgh , per the Transit and Manchester steamers ; at th « latter , 59 beasts from Spain , mosUy beneath the inlddto quality . It is now pretty well ascertained that the foreign arrivals , owing to most of the principal rivern being blocked np with ice , will be very small during tod next three months . ; .. ' .. ' ¦" .- ¦ - . ' .- ¦ - : -. ' "¦ - ¦ ;

      BOEOtJGtt and SPiiiXFiEiDS . —The arrival of potatoes in the Pool , Bince this day se ' nnight , have been ; again extensive > those from the Channel Islands alone having exceeded 500 tenB , while fourteen bags have come . to hand from Harlingen in bad condition . Our supplies being large and the weather extremely mild for the season , the demand rules heavy , at about last week ' f prices . Scotch reds , 45 s . to 50 a . ptr ton ; Yori [ ditto » 55 s . to 60 s . ; Savons , 453 . to 50 s . ; Kent and Eaia Whites , 403 .. to 45 s . ; Wfsbeach , 35 s . to 45 s . ; Jersey aud Guernsey Bluts , 35 s . to 40 s . ; Ycriiahiie Princa Uegents , 45 s .. to 50 a . . . ¦

      Untitled Article

      _ the northerj ^ stab ; 7

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 24, 1842, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct783/page/7/