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Northern Star (1837-1852), 3rd December 1842, Edition 4 of 7, Page 7, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      I— ' ' THE EXECUTIVE'S DEFENCE . 180 , Holborn , Saturday . "Bsothee Democrats , —We legTet indeed thaf ¦ we axe under the Eecessky of defending ourselves and our absent colleajjce from the grave charges , of frsiid , swindling , and embezzlement , for which , were we in other employ , we might be transported . Snch ire a few of the charges preferred against us by the Rev . Wn . HIJ , as we are told in Ms article of Saturday la ? :, that there : 3 more in store frr us ; for what he has already given is only a sample of the sack . Next week we shall , perhaps , have the remainder , and , if we mistake not , we shall be quite prepared to meet them . This manner of Mr . Hill ' s treating the friends of the people in the cause tf jastice ; this mild and gentlema ' -Jy criticLm , as he is pleased to call such productions , = u ? h as defrauders , swicdlers , and embeziUrs , moral and political dishonesty , has been cslled forth , or he pretends it has , through the casaiisfacioiy explanation that Mr . Campbell has g iven a . r to the expenditure of the fands of the Association . — ' "

      The explanation then given of the expenditure of a portion ot the funds such as came under the head of postage and s . auoiiery . is all the explanation we are enabled to give , excepting Mr . Hiil will allow us a space in the Star for every separate item cf pens , u . k , papers , sealing wax , waiers , poeiage , cards , and ierrers , and , in fac :, many other imali matters that are continually wanted . Mr . Hi-1 called on the country to examine the accounts of the Execntive , having Sin thrown the atmosphere of suspicion around 113 himself by his own censure . Did the country respond to it \ We believe cot ; st all events , we k-ow oi none miking £ :: ythii ; g of the sort public , excepting the delegate meeting at the Old Bailey ; and we have-been informed the ncmber of delegates were very few .

      But this is nothing new , for Mr . Hiil is only a : his old plaa of denunciation ; the motives whith prompt such a reckless und unmariy an in' -erfereiite isiih the characters oi men are bcit known to himself ; but -whatever be the mo : i "> e , we cannot shut onr ey == to the mischief it produces in our racks . As to oar secttary we will leave ifce coamrj to jadge of his services , and ask them at the same time whether it would be possible that any workingman coald Sad time , as our secretary has often done , to write fifty or sixty letters in one day , and sometime ? as . maiv \ -j read , besides ncmberiug 2 X 00 or 3 , ' . 0 O . ba

      cards in a ¦^ eek , rEnni ^ g ckwards and forwards to the post cSie with orders and letters , and to the coa ; h and railway cfiees with cards and parcels , wiih iE = ch ether ineia ^ nial labc-cr , which roue but those who P 2 rfonn could understand the harden of ; indeed so heavy has the business been on ins . baud : ? thst he has often been obliged to engage an assician : at his own expense . How , then , ^ e ask , is i : p ; s ? ible that su : n services could be performed without the parties performing them being remunerated for their labour ? We presume that Mr . Hiil himself , although he might be attending a sh : p in London or . Miaehesicr , would noi do it withou : being

      remuEeBa : think not , brother Chartists , that Mr . Hill , in trumping up hia pairrr , yet very respectable ; charges oi swindling , defrauding and embezzling the socie : y , the poor weaver's peace , has no other obv-e * in view than that of guarding the socu-ty s / a ; ast such practices . >" o , no ; there iso : her and bgh ; er game in view—there are o : her men" to be Lilted down . Mr . Hiil screens himself behind ihi = Tery p : a =-: b' . e appearance , that he cay take a mere cesdiy & : ui at i&e victims te lias ssJeeied " . It wonin tare been more honourable on the part of 31 r . Hill had he openly and manfully avowed Ins object , and at once openly attacked the parties for whom bis thrust is intended , than , cojeani-iike , take the dead-j aun through the person of " our Secre * tarv .

      The conduct new pursued by Mr . Hill towards the Execai ' iTe , brings us back , in sorrowfoJ j- ciicctioa , : o risliar coiitiiic : pursued towards Mr . Philp ; ths : <; e :.: ifmsii having recommended the Chanisis to eirc : men 10 the Birmingham Conference , the . very tYiSi ; Mr . Hill is now doing himself , brought himself ua'irr the displeasure of Mr . Hiil . >" ow . mirk , brother Chartists , previous to that time , every ac : of the Executive had be-n praised . O"r balance sheet * were before the country at differ-in ; t ; m < 3 S . 2- \ o dissatisfaction was manifested upon the p ^ rt of the Rev . Gentleman ; but becjnse llr . Phiips policy did not caime in with Mx . Hill ' s vi-ws . it b = C 4 itna necessary to get rid oi" him ; and , Ci : iSfQU £ n : y , as a aisibedient child , he was selecea

      ca : as iae hrst vict : m to be offeredi up at the shrine cf the Kev . Gentieaian ' s mischief-making and unionde ; : roy : cg propensity . The other members of the Executive stood by Mr . Philp on thai occasion , be-C 2 . a ? e they believed aud knew biea tp be an hcaest sod sound hearted Chartis : ; and , in steppicg in betwixt hiui and the denunciator , eudeavoured , us fai as possible to prevent his political destruction ; " and hi = rclenJe 53 pursaer only succeeded bj the mosz barefaced and deliberate act of cool heae ' ed tyram-y tbui tver was perpetrated betwixi man actl maa . On ihe Sarnrdsy previous to the election of . the new Executive taking place Mr . Hill accused . Pimp oi ¦

      oeiug a cisaonest politician , and net fit to be a member of tie Executive . Mr . Pii ' p on the Sasday aitenied a me-ciiug ai , iSew . on Heath , ( . this ^ wa ^ afier the appearance of iir . Hill ' s denunciation ) at wnich mee : iag a resolution was passed giving iheir confidence zo ilr . Phiip and the Executive . Similar re- ; qiaaon 3 vr ^ re passad in MAncae = ier , one of them perhaps the m » st iinportant ever held in that district , name . y , the South Lancashire Delegate Meaipg , and the other at the Carpenier ' s Hall . In those rei-oiutioES 2 » lr . Philp ' s came was cistinciiy mendoaed ia each re = o " u ; : ^ n and sest to the Ii : V . Gcndeman for insernon . Did he publish

      L 3 cE ? > o . Mr . Pniip ' s came was carefully ei&std from both ; snd - ^ hen Mr . Jimes Lc-ach applied to Mr . Hill in iis o £ ce to know why Mr . Philp ' s came as a member of' : he Executive , rra ? erased liom the resoluiions ; that gentleman deciared thai if a thousand resolutions were sti * t every week , with Mr . Phiip ' s name in them , there should not otc of them be inserted . Mr . Philp , ike same week he attended 2 \ cw : on Heath , alienaed a meeting at Cacriey . at which he enrolled furry-two mem bers , ^ nd a : which a resolution o . * coiiScesce s . i : d thinks-tv i = tendered to him and sec * to the 5 * S > " , L ^ t ih sj- ed the fare of ihe oiher ? .

      _ At ether resolutjon was sea : fr .: m Mertbyr Tydvi ] c- ^ spproving of part of an address that the Executive issued to the country , the wording of which was tiered by Mr . Hiil , who headed ibe resolutfoa * " tne Executive top . " This joke was truly a rich cue ; Letch , who has done otie man ' s share 'in las advocacy of Chartism ; L-each , who more thsn £ ij other man in this country h- -s opposed by his i-jwtrsul reason and argument the ami-Corn " Law Ifsi-cc- ; Lvsrh . who his trave ' -Vd far and near , af £ - ; -: ; mes and hours , : o comb it : he kc " urer = or that Y- ~ y , and generally has proved ruccc ~ s : ul ; yet this -C 2 er : t and upright luan has been taunted by > Ir . Hui wj- . h o&riaj ; what he has be-n pleased to call a s-. p , 2 uu not oii ! y thai , but with being morally 5 Jo politically di ? cone ? i . . Brotaer Chartists , XrS- ; ct well upon those grave ccsccis ; and . abeve all , weigh well the serviced Mr . i-raca has rendered , in oretr ihat vou may honestly ; -c ; : c wheiher those cervices , asd his pciiticai ¦

      ^^¦ --eicy and integrity , will not overbalance Mr . ii -i s iii-e aud uufouueed asseruons . ^ cu ' . d MDouail tender a s-.. p : o the Repealeis ! Let Lji . ei ~ iiire aud York ? hire , who have betn acc ; - - ; -.-a : ri ; o hesr fall from his iip ; ihriiiiiig ana e-iq-ient d ^ aucciations asaic ^ v ihxi band ot frtc-¦

      ^• -o : t : rs ci > oa the poor mans iaoour . say wheta-. v he : s ire person to cnVr a sop to the free-trader ' M'iicua ^ , whose powenu : ari'umeE . ; s . and cuaing K-Cirti . " ui ? torn to shreds : b . i . znsy iiuJ ialiaeivus c ' - ¦ ; ¦ - ¦ ur : ri ; s of these avaricious de ; : roytis of " ir . c r . ^ nt > c' i ^ dn 5 iry . whose clear , ^ nd , a ; the seee t . iar , uglily aad firm exposures of the htrll-spiwn cruei ' . i . s j-rscticed ou the white siives o : " Ei . g ; acd , csuairi bf C-j aim to offer a * op to these free traaeri iu hasian £ Trh iiid blood .

      > o . to ; we have known M'Douall in his better ^ 0-- ; kc hs ~ e kEown him when he had hij horse i < nj- ? , aiid "Re have seeu " aim whta he had scajcelv » cis-. io his back , or a Qeai io ta ; , « tiu thiiius his —it p e- uT Tr , ; h his hunEfred slid ODt . rc . *^ d

      co-js H- > mvH ; -KC have seen him through s . ' . l the ? -is * s of poiiiical appearances ever ihe h&ncst 2 :. d f « axie = s adfocate of the poor oppressed , ilia tea mauiy and un 3 inchiiig opponent of the r ch cpprciiL-r . Wc hsve . ? een him alas an esil ; Jr . 'C hi * e-jurtry—from his c ear wife and child , and

      a-i those tbi : are most near and dear to him ; we revere his memory , and , in his absence , neither open if or pretended frier . d shall / ssten upon him the C- ' . zns r-ncd of swindler , einbtitier , ana defraudtr . oh ; but then M'DouaiJ ha ? re ceived i . 2 per week c " - oi iLt Tune ; raised irom the pt •* " ^ eavcrs' pence . H-.: w inttBicujiy this trade has br- "ii borrowed , as n " s - '• - 'e regard ii'Dccah and the Executive" had fur ' - ' -- p :-.. r ^ 7 - ¦ a 7 eIs , was to dip their hands in the Tr » v -J'i ' pccke : 5 and become Aristocn . " ^ out if their J- —r l-tzce . , . 1- ? Is ^ t Kae we had the pkasurein . . ^ eins in this C-ive jic v , . 5- iraD '«' ctiijaj ; y , we si ' -wlnm pc ' j V-= - ^ ¦ - ' - ! -.- ^ i : he had cut of his pocket , infi divide ii bit-mi- ivro pcor wesver ? , borrowing a sixpence i- 'E a ' fund togire io z thirc that sraswi * them * - r . lliil calif . tiv ^ g this extra 10 s . to M . 'Dousil l ' - -f- snd . mbtzziiEt" of the Society ' s fnL' ^ y , s trcski ^ i ; cf ihe rules , and , under other cii eum-|

      ^ ' ^• ces , would subject the Executive to tiansj oriz .:. iz . We it . ^ h : » parcou , ana tcp-c he will k ; , X- ' - 'J . ' -- us till afttrj the e ^ x : asiixes ; in l'V E * 'p . e . ttc £ ? t-jre hixc we feel = crry indeed tLi- ? " * " ^" ' t * - ^ - " - " -a fomethir . rr ic his exile , a * weL-£ .- j- - & 2 jc : ri : ti : o suppc > it his w : le sud child . ^ liut , men , w ? have broken the rules cf the Socie . v .. iy a :. 5 Trizg Mr . Csnp-bfcil £ ' 2 a week , while- we 1 - re : s-::::. ; - . We c . i .:. j : > -: : h : s is either a fair . ij : - - - rcr ~ - . rc ! -i # 3 cf " : h ? m-zr . -rs cf : h » 21 h - ¦ i . w :. ich 1 : ^ , vhe salary cf the Secreisry zi £ 2 ; j :. " " lV ~ '' Vf-- ^ tsdiy a « k inj reasonable man , how * -- - ; > c ^ j . iis i ' iulX iue siTiLrs of Lie ^ . ciwiy could be ^" ¦" . "'¦ j j- " ^ -V "'" , ' T a . Secreisry ccntir . ujily sic : fag , =-- i-j ii oould ihi libc-Us al , oTi ces-.-ribtd be per- ,

      Untitled Article

      • viAwwMvMH ^^^ nnM ^ M ^ r ^ v . ' OX THE PiOPKlETY OF THE WORKING ! CLASSES AIDING THE CORN-LAW RE-¦ PEALER 3 , —IN ANSWER TO J . POPPLE-[ WELL , OF ELLAND-EDGE . i Sm , —I cannot help " feeling great pleasure that the first letter which I wrote upon the above subject shou . d have created such a general se :. satii n as I find it has , ; for the £ U > j = ct is one of vast import . mce at the present ; inomeBt ; fclill I cannot help rtjrelting that both S . K . ; .-ind yourseif should have been so determined to misu :. ierstund my intention in the writing oi teat letter . Through the whols of juur ietter you write upon the zisuwi .-v . on that I advise the Chartists to j-jin the Corn-Law R .-. ptaifcis for the purpose of putting the Whigs into power again ; when , if you had not been detti-Eiined i- j go irrong , the commonest aftention to my . lfctt * JT WL . nlll have shown you that I there said— " It bcr _| tTiiiei-t trst ' . he kiddie classed will not assist the ff oriirg c ' asies to obtain that v ^ ice in the miking cf " ' the laws whieh slone ca :- permanently better their con-1 d ^' . L-n until tbc-y . the midiile classes , heaj » e alarmed for ilfir own ziiuaii&n , 1 contend that it is . the duty of the : vrv-rkiiig classes to eudt-UToui , Ly all means rciihi / t thtir povkt , to brirg about' a cunsutuiuaLtiuu so dcVouUy to , be wished . '" And I also in that letter reiommended the Cliartuts to hssist in the agitation uf the Repeal , as t : : ; 2 £ ufis i / f itzlii-j one $ tl of armies , or HAKASSIIsG . BOTH OF TEE . M . Now , air , if you had paid attention to these thinqs yuu might have spared yourself the espence of much ' viitnons indigestion ipkich j ou have vented at the idea i of Bgais supporting the "base , bloody , snd brntals , " and that wou ' -d have enabled you to have paid more attention to the re ^ l questions which ought to have been dia-. ensued in that letter . And , as those subjects appear to . me of partmDUiit importanca , I shall t 2 . Sc the liberty of ii 5 iin liiyicg them before joa in the same form 'wiiicli I I did in inv letter to S . K . ¦ wh ich are as follow : — ; -It will be evident to all w ho have read my first letter , I that from the motto prefixed to it , and from the com-¦ position of the first paragraph , I appeared to doubt the justice or propriety of resorting to any but strictly honourable means for the attaining any great object . ' . But , I concluded that if the parties with whom we have to do keep do rotisnre of faith , if they Tesort to anjthics or everything , no matter how tricky or base , to prevent us obtaining our just eeds , I ttitk the end woalu sijictify the means , even if we did return the ] co :. Unts of the poisoned chalice to their own lips , and - ; hoist ttenj from their uijast pusitien by means of their

      Orrn petard . " Now , sir , this was or . e of the positiftiss which you oHeht either to have endeavoured to controvert , or to have acknowledged . If you had controverted it : the whole of the subs- ^ aent leaEocing would ntcesiariiy have fallen to the ground ; and if you had acksowjecged it the tfhoje matter ia dispute trcntd iave resolved itStlf into ths question , " vrhtiher ike ri'jt'aj' of the Corn Laws irculd hues a tendency io cause the i / iidde ilus * es to b-. cotKe a l armed for Iheir ou-h siiuati ::.. wid con + equenl'y cause them to join the people for ihir . i io cbtai : i zi . ai pc-cer in ihe Legislature tchicfi . AXD OXLY WHICH , can prevent ihe middle duties / roin bcii , ] swal ' iwcd tip by ihi yvJf oijized payment * . '' " Here the whole thing -would have been in a nut-= fcel ! , acd if jou had taken them either jointly or sir . gjy , we thculd not have been in danger of losing the whole question in a labyrinth cf , at the best , but secor . uarv con ; - ; quencfcs . "

      The - whole of the above two p ^ racraphs apply strictly to j ' . n . sir . Kut as you have writttB n : ucii extraneous matter I -will follow you through it , and I stall show vou how easy it is for a man -who -writes -without any £ s-d principle , to m stake the side of a cause he is de-Unvirs , ^ nd how be consequently falls into the greatest " of aK'urdities . Yiu begin by tilling me that I am a young Kian , snd th ^ t vrhcu I E .: n your ace I fball kcow better . Rtaily li := ajsnmpt ' cE tf SDj . 'ericr w : ii 5 um doe * Dot tell vreli , without you had shofru it by mere clearly refuting the

      positions 1 haa t ^ fcen . . But , cowever , l Of g to ten you iL : » t I ini ; : o chkkoE ; ] have crown grey ia the cause , ; avic ; t > een t-K-eurj- £ ve yrsr » upon tbe stsge , and al-Lhi-B ^ h Ihe yzxt I hove j laved day not have been as lu ^ sjjicU . us ^ s y ^ nrs , = t : )! yen must ksow that the bus' . " . t ff the srtsse-s-wceprr : s as rcces « Lry to the success cf tte piece ^ s the itrat of the trageuy hero ; ^ nd that nil L-sr honour consists iu " paying -sreil" the p ^ rt :. l ) otted '¦ ' us . It is tree ttst , as the fool saui to Leir , " I oucht tor-.- 2 '~ Z-d . forb = ir : g old tef ^ rt : 1 -was ¦ wise , " still if I Ltc el ; bid the hippincss of living at yonr mnchv ^ un-. ed Livcrser . ?; - or Hecfcnicnd-n-iie ; ana if I have n t La" ! the privilege of having icuie Qciitor to take me i-y ihe hand and lead me ! u tbt fe * t of some political Nstitr " fsi rcEOv-nevi f ^ r * je -ui tc - ^ st ; ' " still in the curitit j . 'sht of the political hemisphere , 1 Lave always sLoce , rhciu ^ h with a faint , yet a su&cy Jight . to shuw - n ; y fhcrt ^ hcuLs . ' - I icfcaOTilc . ice ti-at -when tte po : iti-Cil Leltispbere h ^ E tein clear ; vrben conrtclliitiocs of far £ : ti " cr tr : gb ; neis have B : adc thtrir ap . ptaraEC- ; ; wttc c . trir . rs of Gszzlirif sj'Iendv . ur h .. ve Ja ^ hed athwart the uuivr-s .. fixing all eyes upon their path , I have been ccJiit-Lttly ics : in the w ' . il ; of taJe :: t ; still when I L'jvc sviuzgled hard , whtn 1 have done my little best iJ rbice , i ; is hard Vj reproach me because I cannot : ivc gr = a : er li-i-t man i ; iiis t . e ^^ cd heiVcn to grant we .

      ft ' iriu is a mean ? -to obtsiu h-. aven , as join the Whigs - . o g : ; .. ; : ; the Ctsrter . " Ac c-lii iuttor , -whose works I rtec' !!« rc ; re » cii : g sense-where observed that fgures Of rttrch were-fige-tcols , aud ; wc-cGged tools tix ? . Snpj-: sr tttn that these inf-nial tp : rils-were yrur peatesi i ' bstaclts to ycur obtaining heaven ; acd suppose that in : Lc . r ir . fcrr . al wisdom , they werr contemplating seme jr .. ; te :-s ;;» ke cf policy , which , as they thought , ttss to ; rc-veijt ycer ever attaining felicity ; and suppose th _ t you -wnre c * tain that if they compassed the pcint . rL-. y hi 1 in-rife- w they would tfftrctn ; J : y remove tfctm-¦ se VciS , s ? an oostscle to yenr obtaining tsppicefis ; snpi potf ihofe th ' : ni ? , Wv . uld you not -wish thc-in to suc-_ etc ? TVcb'iG yen net hilio thtm on ? Wc-aid yon . cet " jcia and assist them to tumble them from that r ? s : t : cn ir which they were your greatest obstacle to the cV-. icirg cf heaven ? ; "What : sir , had you rather remain in f . e- 'L under tie " raii-i p 2 . . ^ raal s ^ ray" of the " mfcrnai spirits . " thtn t-j i . cii : y cf sj bisi * an action as assitting th-. m to tumble U . E ;> i " . ves from th .. t petition whicli is one of . your ertat ^ i : kicdrarces to g ' . ory ? Would ycu do thii ? > liycuiroaiii ycu are a kiiid man ! And , if you are % s . cp ' . e cf the Hccimoiiu -KSke and Liveseage people , i hcj arc kind ioun : TviU c-f the - ' milk of human ti ' ticew" Oh . ho - w I esvy ttea ' - \' cu go c ; i ts say , •• jf I tj « a lardccrat I w ? u ' v ' . riil , t ty he-1 Vj be ' eut f : vn . ir . y l-c-iy before 1 would sat" ^ . '•• - ' -o - := p- —I c-f " -Li C : u L . ^< w . thjut - ~ iepes . 1 of the d : i't la ^ s . T . ' . f ' . ^; . z . c ds ? .-t--. sh . r . ed in e ^ n : rac ; ir . & a del :. Te -I -srculu e ; : = i ; l 3 ' .: to his rtin ttivuijh a repsai ' ii * it * -- ^ Ls-b-s .- * y- » u aia t-Jili £ o fcind ! But

      Untitled Article

      let us just enquire a little -what this debt is , and bow it was contracted . Well , then , it appears that during the late war , undertaken for the purpose of patting down the rising liberty of Franoe , it -was necessary to e-xpe :-d & certain amount of money yearly ; and yon hare told as , and justly too that the " expences of the state ought to be paid yearly just as poor rates are ; but instead of the exptnees of the state being paid yearly , a certain amount was borrowed of somebody , which amount forma -what is called the national debt Now , Sir , it is a well known fact , that duriDg the war the taxes which were paid by the labourer , in one shape and another , amounted to , at the least , one third of his income . Ijcould easily proTe it to be much more , bat I cboose to be uudeT rather than ever in my

      statements . It is equally -well kno » n that the whole expfc'idiinre of the country was about seventy millions a year during the war ; and it is an admitted fact , thai the income of the nation from all kinds of property , dnring the same period , was four hundred and thirty millions a year ; and therefore if that amount had been taxed in the same rati » as the working man's income , that is one-third , we should ha ^ e had & yearly revenue of one hundred and forty-three millions . And as the expenditure was seventy millions a year , we should have had a yearly surplus of sixty-three millions ; -which sum multiplied by twenty-fire , the number of years the -war continued , -would have left ns a surplus of one thousand five hundred and seventy-five millions in the exchequer , instead of cur beiDg « ight hundred millions iu debt !

      Thus , then , Sir , it appears that the way in which the " landocrats have sinned in contracting a National l > = bt" is by having lent tbe nation the amount they ov $ Kt to hare paid in ( cuees , and then claimisg interest for it as for a debt ! This is e . most curious way of ginning , and a most curious retribution you would give them for their sins ; that is , you would secure them the whole amount of the exorbitant profits of their estates by means of Corn Laws rather than the rent should ? o to the paying off the interest of a debt which they ought to have paid in taxes ' And -what makes it still more curious , that interest must be paid by your much-loved workies in the shape of dear corn , when he bad paid bis full quota of taxes during the Trar . Amiable man ! Bat again , yon observe , and truly too . " thai the expence of tbe state ought to be paid yearly , the same as the poor rates . "

      Now , Sir , what would you think of a " landocrat , " even tboueh it should be " John Bessie , " who , jDstead of paying his share of the poor rate should piopose to lend the amount to the parish , and sail it a debt , and want to receive interest for it of the parishioners ? What would you think , Sir , of a "landocrat sinning " in that -way ? But -what would you think of a " landocrat" enacting l&ws that the inhabitants of a neighbouring village , who had oat permitted their " landocrat to Ein in contractiBg a debt " , should not bring food into his viJkge for fear that hia tenants conld not pay him both his rent and the interest of his debt which he ought to have paid in poor rates ? But more especially , what would you think of a " Chartist , " a " philanthropist , " one tvho had the interest of the working man so very

      much at heart , who should refuse to aid his parishioners to obtain the repeal of such unjust lawB , for fear that such repeal should " rmin" the " landocrat , " whe had " sinned in contracting s parish debt ? " Thus you see , Sir , that for fear of acknowledging that I was right when I said it was the duty of the working man te endeavour , by all the means in his power , to alarm them for their situations , you have run into the grossest of absaTditits- You have improved upon the divine precept which teaches us to " love our neighbour «« our = eivea ; " and have inculcated that we ought to love our enemies" better than ourselves , or you would not have implied that starving wives and ranged children ought to continue to suffer for fear of mining the " laadocrat who had sinned in contracting a debt " he ought to have paid in taxes .

      After being very indignant at the misdoiDgs of both Whig and Tory , you say , " but I would be joined to Lord Howick and company almost , before I would bo prevailed upon to join them . " As you , Sir , have not endeavoured to explain what you mean by this allusion , I , of course , can only guess at your meaning . Some two er three years ago , curing a debate upon the distresses of tbe country , it was stated in the newspapers that Lord Howick had used words to the following effect t—" That as there were no incendiary fires , he could not think the distress was so great as it had been represented . " I do not know that his Lordnbip used these words ; nor do I know that these words are what you allude to ; but I shall tafce them as if they were , & ' . ;(! mukc a few remarks npon them as bearing upon the snVject in hand .

      As there is a law which subjects any one to transportation who shall write or speak anything haviug a tendency to bring the House of Commons into contempt , I Qurtt not , even though I were certain that Us Lordship had uttered thta , gay anything iu contradiction of his wisdom or policy in making use of such expressions . As his Lordship may be an heridiury " legislator , is he is not only a " senator , " but a " ge :: t'eman born , " I dare not dispute the wisdom of bis telling the labourers ia so many words that if they were ia the situation they are described to bb ; if they were bound to have " eaten their beds" for want ; if there were ten thousand iu one small district in . Manchester , without a . bed to lie ou ; i £ they had to eat

      rotten potatoes gathered from the wh ; uf te subsist on ( inLtrds ;; if they bad to iteal sta weed , laid on the the laud for manure , in order to prolong existence ; if they were in the state that , as Mr . Aldam , M . P ., is reported to have said , they must be starved down to the required quantity ; I dare not dispute his Lordship ' s ¦ wisdom iu saying tbat if the labourers were in this state , they -would make the country one continued bUse , and that , of course , if they want their grievances redressing that is the way to obtain it Nor dare I ask what wonld be the character of a House of Commons , if they would sit , aud hear suoh sentiments put forth . But I do know what would have been the fate of any Chartist speaker , or writer , who . should have uttered or written such expressions .

      But , Sir , -why should yon propos 9 to join Lord Howick ? You , who would not submit to tbe " ruin of the landocrat who sinned in contracting a National D ^ bt , he ought to hsve paid in taxes ; " you , who almost faint at the idea of our injuring the infernal spirits who keep as from heaven ; you , who weep such doleful diatribes over the wives and families of the farmer , and landlords being tumbled into tbe streets even by John Bci = ic ; you , who have so much " charity and love , " that you intimate that I ought to be answered by the shoe tee fur proposing to join the repealers in order to alarm the middie classes for their situation ; why should ycu propose to join Lord Howick ? What end have you in view by such joining ? Cume ; out with it Why , because it would alarm them / or their situation ! Just the position I have taken ; and I must leave it to the cuantry and yourself to divine whica is the more honourable and preferable course .

      But , Sr . Qi-. g that my remarks have already run to a great length , I will cr < jwd all I h ; tve to say at present into a few sentences . You will please to keep in mind that the great question is " Whether it would be wise to ? oiti ihe . rrpea ' . ers . if repeal would cause the middle c ? as es to becc-me alarmed for iheir situation , and con-StQUCJll'y Cause iliem iojoin the people to obtain Shut youer in the lojlslaiure , which , A ~ SD OyLV WHICH can p > ei \ iil the midd ' e classes from Icing swallowed up by the l . uf of j . * td pjifii : ei . is . ' ' Xo * tben , let us see -what is your opinion upon this question , as fcr as it c , in La cathtrcd from your letter .

      Ycu say , " 1 know wi- have a deal to contend with , but Peel's biil is niukiDg Chartists as fast as Pitt ' s nctes made T&ii ^ s ; sjc , ; aid it is tuiublirg the houses down in nearly tbe same ratio . ' True . But how is Peel ' s bill HiakiDg Chartitts ? WI-y , by the bums turning wives and chiiciie ' ; into the street- Inshort , by ALAR 1 IIXG theEl fur their situat ' . on i JuEt my position . Yuu again say , " 1 ksc- ^ that it is hard work to ni ;; ke politicians , bst now that Pee ] Las buun , let us redouble our Z 5 al , and try if we canr . ot make them as fast by reasoning as fce cun bjy : tir . g two pounds of beef for one to the peniiocLr . " And how ; s it that Peel wakes Chartists by civir . c two prunes cf betf iiirttad ef ore ? Simpiy btc-. use thrT become alarmed for their situation .

      Further on you say " If you can prevail upon W . P . to Quid his hand a bit , and just give Peel a fnir opportunity of paying the interest of the def > t in flour at Is . 6 d . per stone , and beet at 3 d . pw pound , and to pay ' .-ili fixed oM ! g » t : c-& * . at the san . e rate be will have no occasion to j :-in ihe - \ Vii = cs to repeal tbe Core laws ! We Slul ] h- Ve the wholt country fi- > ckirc to cur standard iLkS Qc VeS to the win- 'ows ) ' And vby , sir should they fijek to ouTEtamlsid because flour was Is . 6 d . per st . and befcf thrtepeDceperpoucd ? Brc . iusv tbey are a ' armed for their situation to be sure ! Then sre you " a good and well-irforined ChartUt" if you expect converts from « uch a source ?

      Thus you will see , Sir , how easy it is for a man to forget the side of tht- question he is defending when he writes withcut a ' . iy weU-dtfiued principles , and the abiurcities he trcesjarily fails into in consequence . Tour own jjood tense will suggest the castigation I could give you over these extracts ; but I will spare it fcr the pretcnt , and ccrciuoe in the wcrds in which I cotcluded the letter to S . K . Soihir . g lui lttr , < j aia . nud for ilieir oxen safety will «• # . convince ihe iiiidd t c ¦' ¦ jusxsof ihe necettily of taking part uiih the labou . er ; a >; d they must be convinced loo , if , ai NOTHJXG iJUT lukir . gpai 1 irilh the labouiercan ia * e ihemfom the yvj cf feed pu \ menls . Repeal of the Corn Laws ucn ' d lay capnui p . i : tia ; eai the Jeet of Jixtd t-aniierJ . nor could it acut-e uriihout the aid oj the labourer .

      THEX HrRRAH FOR REPEAL OF THE CORN laws :: W . P .

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      TO THE KD 1 ICS . OP THE XORTHEJtX STAfc . Sir , —It tffords me tte highest degree of pleasure and Estisection to see the industrious classes enjoyicg the pleasures and fruits cf their labour * , and th « bounties of DiTine Providence ; nor tin the inan be gciitless v « ho would deprive his fellow creatures of that whica na ; are requires , tr of the Wessirgs which a bentnficifcni Creator has , in his infinite wisdom , pror : ded for his sustenance , comfcrt , and gratification . Tbize sre , hswever , a variety of things in which we ii _ Guke ih ^ j ess neither tsentiil to our existence , nor c-iwilitcd to sGKsiaister to our real fcxjoynitnt "but ara in rcmbe . ltss cases aiiie injurious to tbe life , bvn ' . th , n :. _ ruis , ind hsppintis < . £ these , who , unfoituca ^ ly , ars ac elided to their ute .

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      There ne-rer waa a period In British history when self-denial became more absolutely necessary , dr more imperatively a duty than the present . Vast numbers of British Bubjecta , men , women , and innocent children , are literally dying by inches of ab . eet want in the midst of a profusion of everything needful Many of our talented , honesthearted , courageoM , but sympathising patriots are immured in the tyrant ' s dungeon , or prisoners at large , awaiting what is called their trial for tne crime of pointing to the true cause , and to the only remedy of all our national evils . Appeals haye been made through the democratic press to our generosity in favour of a defence fund for our persecuted brethren , but our response hitherto has been of the feebler character ; our sympathies have not , as yet , been sufficiently awakened . The ease ia one of urgent necessity and should

      not be tampered with . It would be tbe basest ingratitude t » leave out friends unaided in the bands of a merciless , cruel , and despotic government . Many of the poor fellows are looking forward with horror to the time when they must be arraigned before a class of remorseless fienis , who will bring all the prostituted talent and diabolical iDfiaence they can muster upon the devoted heads of their intended victims . It remains for us working men , to shew the sincerity-or hypocrisy of our professed principles by saying whether or no we shall allow our patriotic brethren to be sacrificed by the pollute * hands of malignant persecutors , perjured vampires , traitors and prejadiced juries , with the ghost of bloody old Jeffries at their head . Meney must be raised , and the best counsel Ih the kingdom must be procured , and hollow-hearted Tillany and corruption , if possible , openly exposed , t&at the intended

      victims may escape a Holberrya fate , and their wires and children the horrors of a bastile . : \ We will net , we cannot plead poverty in extenuation of our guilty indifference in these matters , while we are spending millions of our bard earnings in intoxicating drinks and tobacco , which gives us nothing in return but individual misery , domestic ruin , destitution , and premature death ; while it puts into the hands of our oppressors , the ^ neaas of carrying on their unboly / warfare against the rights and liberties of the people . Itmay be plain John or Sir James that may carry on the war ; but it is feols that supply them with pence . Let me tell you , Mr . Editor ; how I think weou ^ ht to do , and what we must dp if ever we succeed in effecting those organio changes in the institutions of our couatry that are necessary to its future prosperity .

      From the vast numbers who signed the late National . Petition , the extent of our public meetings and demonstrations , I may fairly infer that we have two millions of maie adults professing Chartist principles ; more thau one half . of . these spend from sixpence to a shilling weekly in tobacco alone : but . take , the sixpence and it will amount to twenty-five thousand pounds per week , which multiplied by fifty-two weekB in the year , gives us £ l . , ( iO 0- This is a part from what is spent in intoxicating drinks by the same parties . Three-f . iurtha of this sum goes directly into the hands of your worst enemies ; so while we are contributing uow and then a halfpenny to extend democratic principles , we give nine hundred and seventy-five thousand

      pounds to Government to put us down , and puff the other three hundred and twenty-five thousand into the air almost as ridiculous as the oth : ; r . Let us , my friends , cease to purchase and use this nasty , trashy poisonous weed , and appropriate our time and money to better purposes . Let us take a little more than onethird of the above sum , say £ 500 , 000 , and let it be laid out in the following manner ; and such would be tho altered state of society in one year , that all the powers on earth combined could not Stay the progress or hinder the speedy triumph of democracy . £ 500 , 000 might be carefully disposed of iu the following way . — For carrying on the cause , say ... ... 60 , 000 A defence fund ... ... ... ... 60 , 000 To expand in political works for gratuitous

      distribution ... ... ... ... -5 . 0 , 000 To support twenty-one democratic papers , with a weekly circulation of 14 , 000 , at 5 d . each ... ... ... ... ... 330 , « 00 £ 500 , 000 Again , I would advise every working man to abandon the use of intoxicating drinks . We--auoulfr recoUect that Government receives some twenty millions annually from this hource . From parliamentary returns it appears that fifty-two millions sterling is the cost of intoxicatiug drinks . Much valuable time is thus thrown away in the public-house , which ought ttP . be speut in reading and storing our minds Witb Useful knowledge .

      A drunken , puffing , spouting , reforming politician is a disgrace to the cause be professes to serve , and is a stumbling-block ia tho way of reform . That nauseous insect , with all its flJth and stench , the bug , might justly indict such a fellow as a nuisance , for presuming to practice his worse' than beastly babits iu its presence . Tbe Chartists above all others should not practise nor tolerate BUch inconsistencies . If Ihe hints I have thrown put were adopted and fairly carried out . Sir Robert and his oronies in vice would soon have to eeze on the proud eminence of Chartism till their , blighted vision sank in obscurity before tho brightness of imperishable truth and righteousness . . ¦ ; . / . By inserting the above , you will oblige t A Constant Reader Of your extoojiively circulated papex .

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      ESSAY ON THE PRESENT SYSTEM . ¦¦ ¦ . - part v .. ' - ; - /¦ '¦ ¦ ¦ ; '¦ . ¦ We have seen the origin of the system—we have examined its nature aud charaoter—let us look more narrowly into its effects . And first , there is not a creature in England , from the Queen on the throne to ' ? The maid that milks and does the meanest chares , ' from the duke to { the coal-boy , that is not cursed by this accursed system . The rich are cursed by the crimes which it induces—the poor by the want . It is a system that pervades all ranks , all classes , all employments . The three professions , law , physic , and divinity are infected by it . Law , for the benefit of lawyers , is made to distort justice—physic for the benefit of- doctors to destroy health—and religion for the benefit of parsons to corrupt Christianity . It rules the army and navy

      where money buys ' command over merit . The fine arts are not exempt from its blasting influence . If a man ef genius , whether & poet or painter , a musician , a tculptor , or an architect , be an honest man , he Will find his honesty a bar to his success . If a man of science be poor his inventions will be purloined by the rich , who win get patents for them , and rob him of the reward of his ingenuity . It is a system that haa changed the character of the great to little . The ancestors of our dukes , marquiases , and earls used to feed the poor at their gates—but their degenerate posterity , the present bastard breed , are noble only in name , ahri they drive the poor gleaners from their fields and follow them into the workhouses , wfcere they examine the weights and measures to see that the poor wretches get no more than the allotted portion of skilly—lest they should live and

      not die . It is a system tbat has hiade honesty ( said to be tns best policy ) the worBt policy , for shopkeepers declare tbat they cannot live honestly , and they find it necessary to discharge every honest journeyman , every conscientious fjrvant None are profitable to them but those who can ! lie and flatter and cheat in their service . It is a systtmShat has studded the land with palaces , castles , and country eeata for the . rich , but withbastUas , madhouses , and prisons , for the poor—bastiles that are fiiled with humbieuefortunates ruined , not by their own vices and immoralities , but by the vices and immoralities of the great , who corrupt , who cru&h , who absolutely compel their viciims to sin , then punish their misery by worse misery , by cruelties more abhoreut than hell itself—madhouses where are confined those whose hearts wer < j broken , whose brains were turned by the

      disappointments which are the sure and certain hope © f h « nest worth—and who are thty in the prisons ? We are told that the great Majority can neither read nor write ; iind this is true , for government would keep us ignorant as asses that we might be treated as badly ; but it is not true , as some have inferred , that the ignorant alone ate criminal , or the wurst ci ' minals . No , it is your learned clerks who escape by benefit of clergy , who are too cunning to be caught , or have influence or connections to buy them off , or let them loose . It is a system that has profaned British soil with the steps of policemen—not oniy in luct-trodden citieB but in those rural districts wtre innocence vainly seeks a retreat . It is a system that brings many a good man to a bad endmany a strong man to an untimely grave . Oh , what millions will arise in judgment : igaicst this system—a

      system that bauishfcd | Frost , Williams , ai : d Jones for no other crime but patriotism for seeking to aiive that which is lost , lost peace , lost prosperity , for strivicg te restore our ancient constitution . It is a system that doomed five hundred Chartists to dungeons . I am not ashamed at owning , myself one of them . I should rather be ashamed at not bavirg been one ; it is for thu persecuted to glory—for the persecutors to be ashamed . C ) aj :. » n and Holberry have perished , and Peddie is perishing ; but thtir spirits will not perish , and cannot be coufined—even now they walk the earth . It is a syrtem that forces men out of their proper sphere and drags them into the most unnatural , the most unmanly ways of gainiDg a livelihood , into occupations unseemly , revolting ; and women , who under a better system would b 9 what they were created to . be , the angels of » en , women are demoraliz . d by this system , made

      moral plagaes ; children , too , are doomed to exist like rcpUks , vtnnia . It is a system that makes parents shut their own children , out of their homes , out of iheir hearts—that freezes the blood of nearest relationship and curdles the milk in a mother ' s breast . It is a system that has bred unheard-of crimes and produced monsters in society , such as the Burkes , the Greenacres , the Goods , in whose characters , in whose countenances the man is lost ia the brute , thebeaat , the fiend . In short it is a system that calls virtue vice , makes truth a lie , honesty dishonourable , justice a mockery , crime a custom , folly fashionable , and religion a trade—that has made Mammon the idol of England , to which God himself is sacrificed by his angodly creatures ; yea , this system has sunk England far below Hell itself ; for in Hell we read that only the -wicked are tormented , but in England the good are tormented .

      Let any one conceive eueh a fictitious being , such a Utopian as a man hpne&v and true in 6 verjr word and icr , and tell ae , woflid not tkit mail have to undergo more scorn , more persecution than any other man ? Would not kis life be a niiityrdom f his death alone

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      could be happy : Such are the effects of this cursed system—a system that has not only cursed England , but every country where English influence prevails . Captain Cook named the South Sea Islands the ' Friendly Islands , " because tbe people were the kindest he had ever met ; bu \ . ttiey can no longer be named the "Friendly ''—our system has reached them , has perverted them , cursed them ; ami where is the country in which freedom or happiness reign , or are about to reign . to which our Government , ever oa the watch , does not send a navy with swelling sails and bristled cannon , to batter down the rising tights ef man ? Witness wrenged Ireland , Canada , Egypt , India , but above all , China ! where British bravery Is now disgraced , by the moat cowardly war ever waged in the nistory of the world—a war that is rousing the

      retributive hatred of all nations against us . Who is there that can now boast of being an Englishman ? who can love to have his name identified with this country ? who but must blush to be born in it ? And are thtro those that can support such a system ? Alas , many think it the perfection of wisdom ! these are to 'be pitied ; but there are others who support it from love of it—these are surely to be execrated ; othere again support it for profit ' s sake—these are to be'despised : ; others oppose it though like Juggernaut it crash themhonoured be these : for no man who seeks to thrive by such a system ; is worthy the name of man , for it is impossible to do so honestly ; and dirty is he , filthy beyond measure , who would rather live by dishonest means than by honest ones , if left free to choose ; but the system dses not leave men free to choose—it leaves them np alternative but vice or starvation .. : Many causes of social dishonesty and domestic infelicity naturally arise in this unpttiadlsed world , but the system leaves them not to chance ; like Kirt pa trick , it

      makes sure . It is directly or indirectly the cause of almost every sin , every sorrow , every suffering that we commit or endure . Poverty is painful enough of itself ; but the system sets a man ' s poverty ever in his viewmakes him feel it constantly , racks him with it night and day . It knows iio pity , no remorse . He who can willingly , wilfully support such a system ( knowing what it is ) is a devil ^ and not a man , he is a party to * U the evils whica it ii . fticta , an accessory before the fact to every murder . which it comniits . When out Suxon auce 8 tors wished to -express their sense of utter worthlesaneas they called it nid £ Rij ; g—to support this system is NiDERiNG . Quakers refuse to pay church rates : but they pay taxes in support of this systemT-ihey ar « averse to war ; yet they pay to carry it on—even the present disgusting and abominable war in Ch'na—let them be consistent—let them come out as Chartists , and it will shew that they do > not willingly support such a system—that they are wishful fer a better Bysteruto support . ( To be continued . )

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      *^ k ^ v - r . n . •><*~** + ~*^^^ pm i m ai i m i « ww TO JOSEPH STURGE . " My soul aches To know , when two authorities aTe up , Neither supreme , how soon confusion M&y enter'twixt the gap of both and take The one by the other . " . Suakspeaue . SlK , —I stop not to enquire whether God and nature made you a Chartist , whether it was the histories of the ancient republics , Greece , Borne , Sparta , or of England itself in its democratic days ; whether you became a convert during your recent viBit to America by comparing that country-with your own ; : or lastly Whether y OH » S

      as an Antl-Corulawite were / convinced of tho hopelessness of your oppositiou with « ul an extension of the Suffrage . Suffice it t <* say , that you found an associa tion on foot in Great Britain entitled the National Charter Association , and composed of men who felt their wrangs , who knew their rights , and who wished ts restore their country to itself by making its institutions harmonize with truth and justice . You approved of their objects , of their plans , yet you . did not join them . On the contrary you endeavoured to set up , not even an auxiliary association , but an antagonist one ^—you are not only not with us , but you are against us , and thus I prove it

      You acted on the opinion that the conduct of the Chartists had rendered their name odious , had exeited much prejudice against their principles . To avoid that odium , to evade the prejudice , you profess the same principles but under a different name—you theught proper , to mask your battery . I believe yon are a pnilan thropL&t , out you are not much o £ a philosopher or you would know that as it was the honesty of those principles that rendered them odious in the eyes of the privileged classes , s » a profession of the same principles even under a different name , was sure to subject you to like odium , ts excite similar prejudice ; for it is the humanity of the Chartists , not their name , that is dreaded or disliked by the inhuman factions . Whether , think you , is a mean submission to prejudice or a manly defiance of it , most likely to remove or repel it ? You know that the very errors of the Cfiartists , like the failings of Goldsmith's brother , " lean'd to virtue ' s side" : " ¦ ¦¦ ¦¦¦' ¦ ¦ : ¦•¦

      Having refused tp incorporate with the old bodyhaving resolved to set up a new one , with yourself ~ at the head of it ; having , in a manner said to Feargus O'Connor , " Stand back , I am holier thanthou ; " you begin by altering the ' . distinctite appellation of Chartism , the name by wbieh it hud become known ; q name hallowed by herpism ; sanctified by martyrdom . What faith can we put in your sincerity wben your first act was the removal of our landmark ? I will not descend to record the numerous other instances you have given us fer suspicion . I will abide by your first general ones . The phrase " universal" would not do—you must alter

      it to " complete . " Having adopted the principle , you boggled at the name—having swallowed a camel , you strained at a gnat . What do you mean bj'complete ? If-you . mean what we me&n by universal , why make a changeling of Chartism ? You have not mended the ph / aae . I contend that your complete is a eojecism in grammar . The word is more applicable to a pi > ce of workmanship than to a point of jurisprudence . Perfect would have been moregermain to the matter . But you have acted like the gypsies , who , when they steal a child , disguise or disfigure it " that it may pass as their own . "

      We test the propriety of words by their collocation . How daes it rend ? Let us see . 1 am afraid that you will not live to finish , much less to complete the snffrage- "Would not this be rank nonsense ? Yes , and as your complete Buffage has been designated " complete humbug , " so might it with equal propriety be styled " complete nonsense . ' The wise are not to be fooled by it . You have never defined ysur meaning , and I suppose it will only admit of Bardolph ' a dafinition . " Complete ; that is , when thesufFrage is , as they ssy , complete ; or , when the suffrage is , —being—wheroby— it

      may be thought to be complete ; which is an cxeei ' . ent thing . " Now the old term universal has not only its own universality to recommend it ; but , moreover , it can quote precedent in its favour . . It is '' authored-by antiquity— -it is tho term th ; it was in use amon ? the ancient Romans . ; When you refused to be baptized in the name of the Charter ; when you call your principles by another name—how can you avow that your opinions are the same as onrs ? In the words of the poet , they are " alike ; but oh , how different ! " If you ar « ashamed of our name , we will be ashamed of you . You are a noncomforming Chartist , and the organ of your party is rightly termed the Nonconformist .

      A Friend should be a peacemaker . If any breach existed in our Israel , you ought to have healed it by the sacrifice of yourself , like Curtius , ratbfcr thau to have widened it ; but jou have caused discussion , ( iiafi « nsioD , and division , wher « all should have Detn peace , concord , and unity . You have occasioned a retardation of the progress of liberty against oppr ^ Hsion . Your next step will be to divert it Why Set np your tent of disunion so close to our tent of union ? If a man dig a well bo near another well as to divert the spring , onr laws , defective as they are in justice , will give , a remedy by an action on the case . You have opened a . ' rendf »

      the working classes ; the idea that you are a wealthy man ; all this has tempted a few needy adventurers into your- service , has also tempted one of our Executive , one who was with us , in " don We trust , " . Who should against disunion have closed the door , not opened it himself ; but you have not been able , and you -will not be able , to inveigle one sound Chartist . Mahomet could not get the mountain to come to him—he was forced to go to the mountain . So will it be with you . The new movers could not draw the masses af te" them ; and this new attempt , in your name , will be equally unsuccessful . It is is indecent for the Omega to expect the Alpha to bow to it But besides the mediocre advocates of' middle-class union in your pay , you : have some working-mon in your ranks . We would say to them as Wallace said to Bruce when he met him on the river side , " What do

      ycu in the ranks of your enemies—of the enemies of your conn try . Come back to your own order . Cross tbt , Rubicon again . " The working-classes uo not need , do not want , the middle-class to join them ; at least they will not join the middle class , for they know from fatal experience , that to do so is but to lend themselves as tools in tne hands cf their meanest and worst oppressors . The Reform Bill has taup . ht them a leeson wUicn they can never forget . That they were duped then was the fault of tbe middle-class—it will be their own fault if they are duped a second time . What good can come of theB 6 Conferences with false friends ?—we want no intellsctual sparring . Is it to gain t : me > or to delude as by eoKie siiabt-of-hand trick , some jugglery like that of changing our naina ? Mr . Sturge , let me advise you to incorporate at once with those wh « e principles ycu avow ; or if you with to keep up a pfcarasaical eeparatioa-r- ' sfat . up , not as a Suffragkt , but ou other ground .

      " Having waste ground enough , Stall you ( . esire to raise the Banetuary An . i pitch your evils there ? " , : , Wishirg you to cease all forth * . ' tttenopta at drawing a diitiicuou without a difference , I am , jotiif , : Aa far-as ifl consistent with the eause , -. JQHM WaTKI . NS .

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      ¦ — : . . . ' — ~ - j i THE FOUKDUXG OF AYK . - . ' . ( Concluded . ) Jamea was now pretty comfortable , earning twenty shillings per week , and ' more contented thau those who spend twenty pounds a-week without earning it He toot a small cottage , and his wife took in such work as she could execute after her own was done . But J ^ mes was not one who lived for himself alone , or even fi * his family—he was ' a citissn of the world , aud though he ; had not much time and but few opportunities of learning what was going on in the world , except from hearsay , he read the , Weekly newspapers . The conduct of Government , with its effects OB society , / especially ou his own class , did not pass unnoticed , uncriticised , nor unopposed by hini . The Duke had returned from his critical viatpry at Waterloo , won by the paifive obedience and resistance of a wall of British troops who stjodaud received the charges of French cavalry With all the obdurate endurance -with which they would cave taken a flogging os their backs , by the ont . r of their coniniander-in-chief . That Commander was uow ruling in the cabinetand was strenuously s :

      ivoca ' aug the corn . bill , for he had received i-irga estites as . a ' reward for " saving his couiuty , " and it was his inter « t ( with which his iuclination was on good terms ) to enhance the valuo ot his property , by protecting dnties . Fes , England was now reaping the fruit of her victories—having purchased Rlury abroad by . the sacrifice of happinesa at home , aud like the garnished drum ., all ' "oise aud show ouuide , was " fuil of empliiaeBS" within . The workine men univtrsally execrated ' this'famine-bill , and their a ; ten * tion was turned to Parliamentary reform as a means of repeaiins ; tl » at ,. " and all other clas 3-laws—laws that so partially-incline the balance of justice . The indign-.-tion which these measures of . the Tories had excited was : -ken advautpge of by the : . Whigs to serve their own varty purposes ; and , under pretence . of serving the c ... « of thepuopie , they were carried into power by the Keform Bill , but were no sooner ' seated on hijfb , than thoy kicked down the ladder , and become as mean as thel * preitecessura had been base . ¦

      The pressure of ihe taxes on the one hand i - with th « love of extravagance which a nation proud of its greatness begau to indulge on the other , caused the mi-idla classes Athose apes of the aristocracy ) to sit more tightly on the . -shoulders sf the workini ; men , to tcrew down their wages and to set yip luacluLi-ry , to compete with men who not being composed of such tough * metal : were compelled to givf up the race in deapMr .. The middle classes were encout . \ Red in this growicg selfisbnesa by Govemnieiic . who passed the New Poor law Bill as an alembic to truah the last hopes of labour , and drive it from tho land —• opening sluices of emigration for that purpose . The masters were determined to keep tip . their high style of living by lowering , wages ; and it is In this nmunej

      they pay the income tax , or any additional burthen imposed on them by GoveinmenV—rpressing it out of tba class below them .. ' The men saw the necessity of combining to resist the -combination-. among the masters . For this purpose ; they entered in Trades Unions / and James Ayr immediately joinedj and was so Eefilous and useful a meiubcrk that he was appointed secretary to the district where , he lived . Government . drawing its resources from oppression , of course backed the oppressors , and prosecutions wtr « iESued against several members of the Union , under the pitiful pretence that they swore illegal oaths to bind each other in conspiracy . The fact is , that tha working man neeii . i not an oath to bind him in brotherhood , —his word of honour , like that of tbe peen . is sufficient , and honesty is his bond . But . however , tbe Dorchester lAbnurcra

      and Glasgow Cotton Spinners were transparle ' l for example ' s sake—transported by the Whigs—by tha very men who had taught them the principles they were now putting' in practice . What waa James's surprise to find those whose advocacy of reform went to the cutting off of Queens' heads , now actini ? the part of the Fox to the Goat in the fable ? James saw the necessity of unitiug not against masters merely , but against the Satanic power hehind the masters ; In short , be became a Chartist—one of those who are seeking to regain from tyranny the sceptre of the people ' s patriotic sovereignty . Ho saw that Trades " Uuions wete of benefit to the same extent that Oddfellows'Unions are ., but not further ; as he found that the contest witfc the masters wa ? unequal , and ended in greater oppression . But Chartism , like Trades Unionism , was to be put down ; nnd the Vanishment of Frost , Williams , sind Joues followed that or the Dorche 9 ter and Glasgow men . James was so Indignant at

      this , that he vented his sympatky in langnage which the authoritiiies had once taught , eut now would nefc tolerate , nnd he w > 8 arrested , but held to bail . He traversed to the next assizes , but , in tha mtantime , a sum was raised for him by his brother unionists sufficient to pay his passage to America , whltber , wiih hia family , he fieWj lik ^ e Joseph , from persecution . All his hopes of freedom , or of a livelihood , being btiffUdseeing no prospect before him but a prison—having a large family dependent on him—ho did wisely to spurn the slave-trodden soil of Britain ; he did well to shnka tue duet off his . shoes as a testimony against is . We see in his example , that the working ; man cannot-be true to himself and to bis order without encountering great : trials . James , though driven " out of his own trade into a chemical factory , and out of that into another country , was ever , hearty , aa be wasbone *^ , ¦ ind though he never discovered his patents , Providenoe has been a father t « the Foundling of Ayr and blessed his endeavours in America .

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      ELLIS THE VICTIM . TO THE EDITOK OF THE NORTHEBN STAR . ¦ Dear sir , Itr . is tho last visit of the patriot ' s wifs and offspring to the -victim ' s cell , to tako a long and perhaps a last farewell , which now ocoupies my mind in sad and thoughtful mood enwrapt . What a scene ) He had hoped—fondly hoped , by his franfc prtifessiou of his honest opinions , by his public advocacy of the ' prenfc doctrines of truth , and the heaven-born principJesof justice ; by bis virtuousi if not-vigorous exertions in the cause of righteousness between man and man , not only to havo b « nefltttd his country generally , but especially to have elevated in the social scale the cho / en of his youtfeful heart , and the deSr pledges of 'their mutnal love , and now he beholds theHi—killing sight!—his darling wife Iwwidnw ^ ariddlaconsolatc and hia nnconsoiona haipleaa teBut ho

      chidren fatherlea ^ uid destitu . lsailowtd , as " a last fiivoSrVto touch , to handle , to embrace , to clasp to his bofioni the mother and her . babes—to glvo them such a sqae € Be "as erst he gave them not . " Surely even tyranny base as now 'tis grown , cannot deny this last poor consolation . Alas ! why do I thus divam { Thick walls and strpr . g iron , effectually divide aeundei those who had lovingly sat side by sid < v communed over the cheerful meal , aid cahnly slept in each other ' B arms . See how the manly cheek , furrowtd by-nn , merited care , is ploughed by the bie tear , whi . ' e , with inexpressible-anguish , he looks , knowing he must look there no more—upon all that ' s dear to him in the world , then turns away sickened at the Bight . • . ' ¦"' . " .. '

      Ah ! mtthinks ITiear the piercing wail of tbe poor dear wife of Ellis , ' . 'Oh ! I thought they wonld have allowed . me to kiss him . " Never shall I forget the thrill which went through my heart , when 1 rt-ad this heart-breaking sentence . And then the lovf . iy innocertg—niother , why weep you?—father why grieve you ? But enough , ¦ I must no wore . Englishmen arouse ye . It is for you to say whether Eiiis shall be banished , and yon ba branded for f ^ ver or'whether- ' rainpaht tyranny shall be niaeie t * bow down before the' irresistible will of a migbty people , ar . rt a moving nation , -If the efforts now making Bbould fail , and the jwiges " sliou ' . d decide uiiifavfiurnbly , ( and who expects anything else , for the' judgment- s < at ia corrupted , and turned to political p ' nriiostf ) ' fit' . er a petition to the Commons , or a memerial to the Qa ^ en , or both , to be' determined upoa by . tbe . committee

      already organijied -on his behalf , must be prei . aied , adopted , and presented . I do ' . not- recommend . this course from any With which I have in petitions or memorials , but if proper steps be taken , I ' . feOl . o persuasion sumo how or other that such a demonstration may b <; cot up in th <; metropojis , as will not on . ' y tfilctuat ' e the Jibf .-ration of Ellis , but ateo do much for the piople too . Thu p ^ an which I have to recommend is this .-let a fcinall tract be printed detailing a . uhott ¦ . account of Euis—of his spotless character—of . hvs - trialtbe nature cf the evidence upon which he was convkurt , witba short but clear statement of his political principles . Let'London be deluged with theBe tracts one mouth at least before the presentation ; and , to meet the expense of priaticg and the demonstration , let ba » . iai-s or tea-parties he got up . both in London and the potteries ; and let our richer friends for oc ^ show tUeir generosity by liberal support .

      It may be asked why the rest of the jirovinces shou not eogige to raise thfeir quota towards this benevolent object ? Because I think if proper exertions be made in London and Staffordshire , Buffloient funds may be raised for tbe purpose ,- ' and in the mean time the EngJ lish provinces and Scotland ought to get up similar briars and tea parties for the binefitof the" General Victim and Defence . fund . " I would respectfully suggest to the English Esecutive , and the Central Board of Scotland to saks up this subject immediately , to deliberate calmly upon it , and decide and advise according to the btst of their own judgment . If this matter be not ta ^ en up by these official bodies , it will

      never be generally attended to . :- -.: ' The assistance of the ladies is absolutely , necessary to its success ; and ' as ' nothing can be done in order and wilh effect / without organization and systemi . femate Associations should' be formed everywhere instantei . Come then , my good Chartist sisters and brethren , give proof that you deseife the honourable appellation of Chartist , for it is ' the most honourable appellative term &puli 6 ti in Britibb Bocibty . Just for a moment comsiutr-r the agonised feejicga of the neglected Chartist victim ,-and dtteimine Ibat he shall > jt longer want tlio consolation of your warmest sympathies and prompt and best assistance . " .

      I remain , Dear Sir , Ac , ¦ ... - ., . ¦ ¦ : ' ¦'" ... '¦ ¦ " ' ¦ -. .. Jean . A

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      Ex . traoiidi . nabt Bibxu . —A . sorvant girl of Mr . I > oad , of Uiuroft , Cheshire , who left hei place a lew dajj Mace , on the . pica of being" unwelJ , ' waa delivered , on Wednesday last , of three fine boye , ^ 1 of whom , logethbr with the Qother , are doing well *

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      ¦ THE NORTHERN STAR . 7 ^ ' ¦ . - ^ . t— i . , . fin i - ' ' I ¦ ' . ¦ . " ¦ . ¦ ¦ —— ' t ¦ : : ¦ - - ¦ ¦ -fcM .

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      formed withont the persoa so performing them being remunerated ? The I 9 : h rule says " Tna-i the Execaiire shall be empowered to adopt any measures for the advancement of the objects of this Association as may be consistent -with its fundamentallaws . " We therefore contend that the fair and legitimate construction put upon this clause should be , that we are empowered to elect a permanent secretary , whose salary is fixed by the -21 st rule . If ar . y tHir . g was wanting to confirm this opinion , we would call upon ; he members of the sjciety : o carefully exioiiie the ruLs , and then say wheiher it is possible for the organiziuon to exlend in the country if we -were not io have a permanent Secretary ? Then if a permanent Secretary be necessary , it is quite evident that it is necessary that we should pay him for his serr ' ces . And now let u 3 Tell you a few fact ? as to the treatment we have received as an Executive .

      The 22 ad role says , '' When members of the Executive shall be employed as missionaries , their .-almes shall be the same as when employed in Ihe Council : coadi-hire and oce-nalf of any other incidental expenees shall be paid to them in addition by the parlies who may reqnire their services . " Isow we can prove that the above clause has not been adhered to in the . localities where we have a-cted us l ecturers . We give the following samples of its violation : —We went to Birmingham , after many strong invitations , and wi : h the understanding that cur iraTellinji expences would be paid . On this poin ^ howeverj - sve were completely deceived : instead of our expences biint ; paid , the Local Council came 10 a > &te that ihty would not allowus one calf-penny , bBt that y < t should be psid from the general fund , and after being st considerable expciiae of coach hire acd liring at Birmingham , we were indebted to the kindness of a friend fur ihe means to get home aj ? a ; n .

      We assembled again in London , and met exactly with the same treatment as in ISirmingbam , wkh the exception of the vote ; in fact , we were obliged to borrow m ' - . ney from Mr , Cleave to brin ^ us home . Wc could lay before you scores of such cases if it were necessary , but we thii . k the above quite sufficient . ' Sow , Brother Chartists , it has ever been our sincere desire to keep down differences and discontent ; it has also been oar wish to refrain from making statements of the way in which we have been treated , but unfortunately ilr . Hill has compelled us much again-t our will to do so ; we do it wnb sorrow , but there is no other course left for us to defend ourselves from his unjust and foul aspersions . We liule thought that struggling as we have done for years in the cause of Liberty , that We stiould be called moraHy and politically dishonest for eudeavouring to do that -which in cur judgment we thought best calculated to promote the welfare of the society and the cause of the people .

      Brothers , for the present we take uur Late ofyru , and cail npon yon , in your several localities , to examine into tte charges preferred against us , and if , after a fair investigation , you should come to the conclusion that we are do longer worthy of your confidence , express your opinion through the medium of ihe Star , and we will most willingly retire ; but if , on the contrary , yon come to tne conclusion that we are honest democrats , you will , through the same mediumj record your veies . We impaiiemly await your verdict . We remain , Yours , in the bonds of union , James Leach , President , John ( LisiiBtii , Secretary .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 3, 1842, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct781/page/7/