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Northern Star (1837-1852), 23rd July 1842, Edition 4 of 5, Page 4, Untitled Article

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    • TEE POBTRAITS.
    • THE NORTHERN STAR. - S ATURDAY, JULY 23,1842.
    • Co Mtttoevti atitf €ovve$povtttnt&
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      Untitled Ad

      Sp £ ci 3 ie > s of tue Petition Procession and Thomas DcscombEjEsq , M . P . aue now foe THE MOST PAST IS THE HANDS OF OUR AGENTS , AND JLT THE CRGF . ST REQrEST OF HANTC WE HAVE EXTENDED THE TIME FOR RECEIVING SrBSCRlI-TIOHS TO SaTCRDAY NEXT , THE BOTH , FOB THOSE WHO HAVE BEeEIY £ D THEIB . SPECIMBJ < 3 ; A > D 10 SaTUHDAT IHE 6 TH OF AUQl / ST , FOB THOSE WHO , FROM THE DISTANCE , CANNOT BE IN POSSESSION OF THEM TILL NEXT WEEK . iGEXISiEE HEO . UESTED TO GIVE TICKE 13 TO Sl'BSCKIBEES , AS NOSE OTHEHS WILL BE ENTITLED TO , OR CAN RECEIVE , THE PLATES .

      Untitled Article

      BLA 2 J FOB . ORGANISING THE CBABT 15 TS OF QBEiT BRITAIN . AS KBYISSB AKD AJUEKDED . AT A MEETING OF DELEGATES , APPOINTED BT . THE PEOPLE , . AND HELD AT THX TiATIOHAt CHABTEB , ASSOCIATION BOOX , IIB-SIREKT , If iSCHfiSTKK , FEB . 20 , 184 L DESIGNATION OB THE ASSOCIATION . 1 . That the Chartists of Great Britain be incorporated in one Society , te be called the National Charter Association of Great Britain . OBJECTS . F 2 . The object of this Association U to obtain a "Radical Reform" of the Honse of Commons ? in other words , a fnll and laithfnl Representation of the entire T * eople of tne United Kingdom .

      PB . IKCIPLES . 3 . The principles requisite to secure snch a representation of the people are ; The right of voting for Members of Parliament , by every male of twenty-one yerrsof ajje , and of sound mind ; Annual Elections ,-Vote by Billot ; No-Property Qualifications fox Members of Parliament ; Payment of Members ; and a Division or the Kingdom into Electoral Districts , giving te each district a proportionate number of represents- ' iivcE , according to the number of electors .

      -MEAXS . 4 . To accomplish the foregoing object , none but peaceable and constitutional means shall be employed . COKDIIIOITS OP 1 IE 34 BBBSH 1 P . 5 . Any person shall be admitted a Member of this Associatiua on taking ft Card of Membership , to be renewed half-yearly ; for which he shall pay twopence , and afterwards one penny per "week subcriptioa . bigistjratiox of siembees . 6 . A book shall be kept by the Executive Committee thereinafter described ) , in ¦ which stall be entered the names t > i the 2 itmbera of this- Association throughout the kingdom . :

      GOVERXMESt 7 . The Government of this Association shall be Tested in a General Council , to be chosen as hereinafter mentioned ; five of ¦ whom sfrnTt sit as an Executive Committee . ELECTION 0 ? GE 5 EBJO . C 0 C 5 CIL . 8 . Every town os village in \ sbieh Members of this Association shall be resident , may nominate one oi more persons as Members of the General Council j the nominsftoa to take place every twelve months—that is to say , on the 1 st Aay of December in each year ; the election « f such Councillor * by all the Members of the Association to be taken on the 1 st day of January next following .

      STTB-TBEASUBERS jlSD SVB-SECRETAB . 1 ES . 9 . Each town or village , in which members of this Association shall be resident , may nominate one person , a member of the General Council , as a Sub-Treksnrer ; and one person , als ? a member of the General Council , as a Sab-Secretary ; to assist the General Treaiurcr and the General Secretary : the nomination of such Sub-Treasurers and Sub-Secretarie 3 , and their election by all the members of the Association , to take place at the same time as the nomination and election of the & ; neral Council .

      JDUIIES O ? SUB TJLEASTTSX 2 S 1 ft . Each Sab-Treasorer shall be authorised to receive subscriptiocB and doaaticEa for Tne use of this Association . He shall keep an exact accoust thereof , and transmit monthly to the General . Treasurer onefourth of the whole , giving notice thereof to the General Secretary . DUTIES OF SCB-SECSETAEJES . 10 . The Sub-Secretaries shall assist the General Secretary in writing and preserving minutes of all the tzansactiens of the Association , and in preparing for publication such reports of those transactions as may be deemed necessary to be published , and in such other ways as by the General Secretary , wiih the advice of the Executiva Committee , may be required .

      election a > d dciies of the ge 5 etu . l tkeasfeeb ; 12 . The Ganeral Treasurer of thi 3 Association shall l > e chosen by ths General Conndl , in lite manner and at the same time as the Executive Committee hereinafter mentioned- He shall be responsible for all monies entrusted to him : he tbtJl keep an exact account of ill receipts and disbursements of the Association ; and shall , cnce in every three aonths , publish in the Xorlhcm Star , Scottish Patriot , and in auch other of the Chartist newspapers as may be elected by the Executive Committee , a statement of the same , wiih a full balance-sheet , which shall be first examined by auditors , appointed for the purpose by the Executive . APPOIMHEM A 5 D DUTIES OF THE SEXEBAL

      SECEEJAB . T . 13 . The Genersl Secretary shaH be appointed by the Ilxasutive C jmmittee . He shall \

      MODE OF ELECTING THE EXECUTIVE COJLMITTKE 15 . The nomination of candidates of the Executive Committee , by the several sub-Secretaries , * h * l i be in accordance with the following form : — To the General Secrtlary of Vie National Charier JiSDciuiicx of Gtea' B > -ilain . February 1 , 15—Sra . —I here ncmrzi&ie A . B . iblacksmitirt of ( 14 , Sigh-street , Bath , } a member cf the © Eneral C" > Bncil of the Nation Charter Association of Great Britain , as a fit and proper . person to be tleeted a member of the Executive Committee , on the 1 st day of March » txt Signt * , 9 / - ( Capenter , ! Xa . 6 , Tib-stret , Manchester . )

      Member of the Gsasral Council , and sut-3 acre « ary of the National Charttr Association of Great Britain . A list of all the r-andidatea so nominated , shall bs transmitted , per posx , by the General Secretary , to every sat-Sacretary , on or before the 10 th day of Pebruary ; the election shall be taken on the 1 st day of March following ; and the number < f rctis shall be immediately forwarded to the Gsiifcral Secrttary , -who tbaU lay the same before the outgoing Executive Cora-Hiittee for tXirnination , and by th = Ir order jublish , ¦ witMn one week of receiving them , the whole of saeh Tef caxis ; togsthtr trith iise dfccJar ^ , t-ion c-f the outgoing Exacutive Ctnuuiitefe , of the priicus duly elcctel .

      POWZr . AND DLTIES 0 ? THE EXECXTTIYE . 1 C . The Execuiive Committee shall be empowered to adcit acy rueainre for the advancement of the o ' rjects of thU Association , consistent trith its fundamental laws ; for ¦ wh : ch purpose they shall have the disposal cf one-fanrlh of tbe moiieT 3 collected throughout the Ecclety , and -odged witi the &saeral TreaHuxtr . B . Elir > "E 2 AT 10 > " OF OFT 1 CEBS . 17 . ihe General Srcrtt ^ ry Bhall be paid for his setvicis the mm of £ 2 ps ? w « tk , end each ctbrr 35 ember cf the Executive Council , the sum of £ l 10 s . per week durir ? the period of their sittings .

      COMPESSATJO . V . 18 , The Slembers cf the Executive shall ie entJtJed to compensatjoa . for loss consequent npou their accepaaccr fifice , e-iti » T by beicg employed as missionaries daring-any recc « that may happen while they continue in ther cfidal capicity , or in such other way as may l > 3 most convenient for the Association . TS'hui 5 Jenjbcrrof the ExtcutiTe shall be employed as missionaries , tbeir salaries stall be tie same as when employed in their regular duties . Coach hire , and one-ha ^ f of any other incidental expenses , shall bs paid to them in addition , by fee parties who may request their services ; or in the evtnt of being em ploy ee by the Executive to . open new districts , the same proportion of expenses thall ba allowed out of the general fund .

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      TO THE SHAKSPEREAN ASSOCIATION OF liEICESTER CHABT 1 SIS . Mi BELOViD Comrades , —Yon have been doing £ aUantiy during my absence . Honour and glory to you i Honour and glory to Bairstow , and Beedhaio , sad Bmilhj for their bravery in leading yon en . 1 hops to be with you within a few heurs after this day ' s Star . reaches yon , and odjs more to lead on the charge , with my darling brigade , against the juggling Corn Xaw Bepealers , the sham Chartists , and all who dare oppose . I left you 2 , 454 in number , on Thursday morning , the 14 th instant . . I trust my valiant recruitiag aerjea&ti have been doing tbeir duty , and that I « hall find you cooBiderably increased on my return . - -..:--.

      -I have spread " the real Leicester fire" with all my strength during theM la * t few dayi . On Taure-< 5 st , the da j that I left you , I addressed a large openair meeting * t Belper , just to prepare the way for doing real business tb& following night . In company ¦ with that true-hearted \ % od indefatigable Chartist , Mr . Tickers ( who is at Belper' what Sweet is at Nottingham , White at Birmingham , B . vney » t Sheffield , Skevington it Leughboreugh , &t &c- —thestaffittiid pQIu of CUarthm in ids Ideality ] , I visifce d the splendid scenery ot Matlodt , Boruall , Cromford , cVc . the next day ; and returned to Belper , invigorated by the air of the Peak , and laid to at the heads and h' ^ fttts of the stout Belperians , in the evening , until I had enrolled 102 of tbeir "yr'Wi , as Chartists , is the open markef-plaoe . The next morning I entered their BftiCej in a new towkt

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      ¦ which I prepared with a Tiew of improving their organisation , and in whioh my friend Tickers and the Secretary have promised that the members * names shall be insetted . The class-book is formed on the principle of atre 8 t-distriefeJ , -with a view to enlisting the services of coitectors , c * our Leicester system . 1 reached Sheffield on Saturday night , and with that intrepid and incorruptible spirit , Julian Harney , visited the widow of the murdered Holberry on the succeeding forenoon . I was much affected by the interview . She is a remarkably fine-looking woman , and in spite of all her heart-rending sufferings , -wears a latent fire in her eye , and & dignity in her carriage , that tells you she is worthy ta have been the wife of the unconquerable patriot , Samufcl Holberry . Great excitement still

      prevails in Sheffield , on tha subject of his death . They have got plaster basts of him , from a east , taken after death , by Mr . Damalne of York , a young Chartist of great natural genius . We will have one of these busts at Leicester , my brave Shakspereans . Holberry bears the highest character for integrity . He was a very fine looking man and was a head and shoulders taller than common men * . his coffin measured six feet nineinches , and was but two inches within too long for the corpse . The poor murdered prisoner was B 9 completely skeletonised , that his widow could only recogn ' zs him by his hair as he lay in the ccfBn . Poor woman ! no wonder that she . became delirious ! now , however , she is happily recovered . May the God of the fatherless and the widow be her support I preached twice to the Shemelders , in the open air on Snnrtay last In the

      evening , the death of poor Holberry was part of my [ theme . His faithful widow sat in a chair close by the j table en -which I stood , —and with a perseverance and ! ardour -which prove her to be a woman of no ordinary I value , '—sat through the whole discourse , surrounded by | from six to seven thousand people , and would not move from the . ground till I had enrolled one hundred and ' fifteen names as Chartists ! I thought , as I gave her ! my arm to conduct her off the ground , amidst the | throng of hundreds , who crowded round to gazs , —that !• if every Chartist in England could have seen that I brave , bereaved , and aob ' . e woman , —they would have sworn , as I did , in my inmoBt soul , either t « compass the downfall of the horrid tjranny by which her husband was martyred , —or to spend life in the attempt In the name of the departed patriot , let this poor widow be remembered , and that effectually , in every

      Chartist locality . On Monday night the Town-hall had been hired , for fear of rain ; but we WBre compelled to adjourn to the Haynrarket , immediately on entering it , through pressure of the immense numbers . Till ten o ' clock , I addressed as large & number as on the preceding night j and I believe the enthusiasm was so deeply-seated , and bo widely spread , that I should have been able to enrol two hundred more names , if it had not been dark , and I had not been completely spent Harney , however , enrolled thirty-two names , at the looms , after that time of night I should have told you , by beloved Brigade , that I introduced our favourite song ; " Well rally around him , " and some other snatches , common at Leicester ; ind the Sheffielders , as well as the Bslperians , learnt them right heartily .

      I got to Leeds , amidst a disagreeable change of weather , on Tuesday afternoon , and was compelled to lecture in a Email room , not capable of containing more than 500 people , at night . The meeting had been announced for the open air , but it was imposible so to held it The vast majority of my audience , of course , were enrolled Chartists ; but I enrolled twenty-two new members , nevertheless , at the close . Mi-. Hill , the invaluable editor of the Slai ; addressed the meeting in a pointed and energetic manner , after I had concluded .

      On Wednesday , I had the unexpected delight of meeting our great champion , O'Connor , at the Star Office ; and after passing a couple of pleasurable hours in his company , I Eet out for Holbeck , a suburb of Leeds . The meeting bad been called for in-doors , bnt I persuaded the Holbeckers to turn out , and we had a pleasant meeting , in the open-air . Sixty were enrolled at the close , and I left the Chartists of this district of Leeds , full of enthusiastic admiration for our popular Leicester song , " We ' ll rally around him , " and also for our stirring chorus " Spread the Charter ! spread the Charter through the land ! Lst Britons , bold and brave , join heart in hand !"

      I have been spending another portion of happy time with pur brave and untireable Peargus , this morning , and have obtained from him a promise to visit us , —aye , asid to spend some time tcilh us , loo , at Leicester , in the month of September . Now , dont go mad -with joy about that , my darling lads , —let me see the " Shakspereau brigade" steady and firm as oaks , when I return . I am just off for Todmorden , and will tell yen how I succeed tfetre , when I get back to Leicester . 1 am , my brave comrades ; Tour faithful " general , " Thomas cooper . Leeds , Thursday , July 21 , 1842 .

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      ORGANIZATION . Thebe is rot , at the present time , any other subject of so much or of such immediate consequence to the people as this . It i 3 only by union that out power can be known and manifested , and it is osly by organization that cur nnion can become effective . It 13 not enough that an . uniformity of opinion should obtain among the people ; there must also be an uniformity of energy and determination

      universally manifested . In Eoihicg can the fixed purpose and determined energy of the people be so well manifested as in the steady adherence to . all the principles and all the details of their ora national plan of organizition . We have ne-rer been in the babit of assuming for the Korihem Star , the position of a dictator or a guide ; we have sought rather to make it a reflector in which the public mind—tho people ' s will—should appearinits ovra just proportions ; striving only to prevent those proportions from being marred or hidden

      by the machinations of lb . 3 treacherou 3 , the attacks of open foeas or the folly of indiscreet and unreflecting friends . We are , however , qnite aware that a large portion of our brethren look to us , and depend on uBj for the necessary word of caution , whenever from any of these causes , or from any other cause , d&pger may be apprehended ; and we should ill discharge the . duly which wo owe ihe people if we neglected 8 O : to do . We have , therefore , oa several late occasion ? , bid the people to remember who were now in -power , and . who were seeking to

      make / -tools " , of thun to attain a double objecttho affrighting of the Tory Government and the making of more elbow room for their machinery . "We . have Been that there is great danger , from the neglecting to observe generally the national organization ; whereby the body becomes liable to the relentless inroads of the landsharks—the lawyers and middle-class jurors . We promised in this matter , last week « to republish in our present number the plan of organizition , of which some localities and Eorce officers of the

      association seem really as : gnorant as if it had never been published . That plan we give in another column ; and we beg that it may be read , learned , and inwardly digested by every Chartist in the kingdom . We append hereto the observations made tiponitinthe Northern Starot the 6 th of March , 1841 . They are as clear as anything we could now write upon the subject , and as necessary to be noted now as when they were first written . ..

      * Among the many good things which O'Cowwell has said , we remember one Baying of his : that the next best thing to being rigM yourself is to' put jroor enemy completely in the wrong . " We fully accord with this doctrine ; and hence we have ever been most anxioiB that the . operations of the people should be conducted peacefully and legally : knowing that if their moral strength was well marshalled .

      and their numbers well organised } they were invincible and irresistible }—able to carry any measure of a wholesome and sanatory tendency without violating any of those forms and appearances of law with which the harpies have fenced round the carcase of corruption , in the hope of feasting undisturbedly thereon . There is so power in any ft ate successfully to resist the righteous

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      yisionsi otherwise than by taking advantage of some onja or oth ^ r of the foraa and names incidental to some one or other ; of the special exemptions therein provided . And as we most conscientiously believe the Christian religion to inculcate all the doctrines of truth and righteousness , personal , social , and political ; as in fact we hold politics to be part and paroel of Christianity , and inseparable therefrom , being mixed up with , springing out of , and sustaining all its principles and doctrines , we were desirous to have seen , for the first time since the age of the Apostles , a true Catholic ana

      Christian church , acknowledging , in all the fulness of their comprehensive import , the precepts of that religion which being hitherto ; talked pf , but neither understood nor practised , has been , and . is now : being made ) the most fearfully effeotive tool that ever tyranny employed for the destruction of man's liberty , and of all clear recognition of the principles of moral right . We hold the principles of Chartism to be religious principles , and every Chartist society to be consequently a religious-society ; and we were desirous to see them so declare themselves , and leave to the vile herd of

      despots the option of openly and manifestly trampling under foot their own lawa , or of crushing , along with Chartism , Methodism in all its varieties of aspect , the association of the Baptist ehurches , the Society of Friends , or Quakers , the confederated unions of Unitarians , the Dewly-organised and admitted association of Rational Religionists , " and every other religious society whose creed , forms , discipline , or worship , should involve declarations of principle not required by law , or the several societies of which should correspond with each other , or appoint deputies to meet each other ,

      or in any other way transgress the almost all-comprehensive provisions of these two acts , This was our , opinion ; it has been our opinion long—in faei throughout the whole movement . ' . We were , eprty . to . be unsupported m it by O'CoNNoa , for whom , and for . whose opinions every true Chartist must hare respect , Amounting almost to veneration ;; bat we permit not even the respect due to him to shackle us in the entertainment and the expression of our own honest sentiments . We ask , however , for no deference ; we are quite contented to have our opinions estimated by the people , and to accept for them just

      so much influence as they are thought worthy of . The National Delegates refused to shrink from the direct avowal of their political objectB and purposes , ' claiming the right to consider their principles to be those of religion , they would not take advantage of that right to place themselves in any other position than the bold and manly one of meeting the enemy in front . Their voice said , almost unani r mopsly , " Let U 8 go right on—legally , if it maybe •—illegally , if the law be such as that we cantiot comply with it- —but let us at all events go right on . " In the spirit of this determination they sat down , with the law before them , but without any assistance from its paid mystifiers , to exercise the

      shrewd judgment of plain working men , the clear heads of teetotal Chartists , and the earnest anxiety for the "following of peace with all men , " of Christian Chartists , in the concoction of a plan of national organisation which , while it conducted the people ' s operations on a straightforward and avowed basis , should , at the same time , render strict submission to all , even the most tyrannous , requirements of the' concentrated essence of tyranny , which lay before them In the two Acts of Parliament so oft reverted to above . They have succeeded , we believe , to the very letter ; and right glad are we to congratulate them and the people upon that success .

      The entrapment of the local Councils has been wisely provided against , by the amalgamation of all those into one body , as a General Council of the whole Association , provided for in No . 7 , of the new plan . The entrapment of the local officers has been in like manner provided aftainat , by making them not local , but general officers , acting respectively , not for a part , but for the whole ^ of the Association . While their election , not merely by the members resident in their own locality , but by all the members of the Association j guards effectually against the wily trap of a part of the society acting separately and distinctly from the other parts .

      Tho Bradford Councillor are to be now considered , and indeed are , not local Councillors for Bradford only , but members of the General Council , by whom the whole Government of the whole Association is coaduoted , and whose residences happen to be at Bradford ; the Bradford Treasurers and Secretaries are , in like manner , not Treasurers and Secretaries for th ; at locality alone , but Sub-Treasurers and Sub-Secretaries , acting under the

      direction of the General Treasurer , and General Secretary ; and performing such duties as may be necessary te assist them in conducting the affairs of the whole Association . Thus , every officer acts aa an officer , not for any part separately or distinctly , but for the whole . Thus , every mesh of this most elaborately and cautiously constructed legal net , has been avoided by the wisdom of the delegates .

      Of course , and of necessity , the plan , to be legal , is exceedingly general , and it may be somewhat undefined , in its details . We observe some of .. 'its provisions which are liable to abuse , and which may , unless precluded by the prudence of the people , give rise to some inconvenience in its wording ; but on comparing those mist carefully with the ; tortuous enactments of which its conoootors had to steer clear , wo are fully satisfied that ho other way , or . &t

      least , no other way so good could have been adopted for securing the double object of the delegates , the active operation of the people , and the eviting of all coUision with the law ; and we know too aiueh of the people not to feel satisfied , that when ihese points are fairly laid before them a . nd ; explained their watohfulness and prudence will come in to the assistance of their leaderflj and take care that that shall not be crippled in operation which has beeu devised so well and wisely .

      We have studied ; the plau tuost ojucefully i wo think we understand it ; and we havenoi doubt of being able to show the people that , though its form is apparently more , general , and its details less bracing , than the original , but illegal , plan of organisation , it may be made in working to snperadd to the immense advantage of being perfectly eonsonant with the law , every' praedcai adyai ^ ge possessed or provided for by the old plan . For this purposeras we have been requested by the delegates to call to it the attention of the people in a series of articleB , we shall return to it , probably more than tJnce . ' We shall take up its several clausesV and

      shew the people how we understand them—how we think- they should be applied in operation—what , meatts w « advise for ^ the avoidance X > f any inconvenience whioh might otherwise arise , frein any necessary laxity ofexpressio , u ^ forced on its authority by the tyrannous mandate of the law ; we shall show them how , so far as we understand thia dooumont , they may , by a careful and Mniwerfia / adherence to its proyisions , go od , certainly , safely , T ^ a ^ , Buccessfully , and triumphantly , in the prosecution of those great prinoiples , to which the benevolent and just of all classes are pledged and bound by their adhesion to the rules ond principles of moral right .

      Thus shall we put our enemies completely in the wrong , by fencing ouwelyei iound With ttie provisions , not J » 9 rely of moral , social , and religious , but of legal Tight t taking , all these upon their own shewing . The National Charter Association of Great Britwn may then bid deto Government , ty sbi ^ Bta ^ V it ^ flourish , in despite of all their power , and in despite brie

      of aW their Bophis ^^ the ^ fihall do of two things—they shall make a special law for its extinction , as wag done with the London Correspond ^ ing Society—( the yei > y law now in amended operalion , by which it ; Was hoped to extinguish all Political Societies for ever ) --or they shall at once throw off the mask , which we have no doubt they will do as soon as they may deem it expediehtj and , trampling under foot all semblance of respect

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      for the laws of their own making , tory the temper of the people by a further experiment of undisguised brute force . ; . ¦;; -:.- ¦ ¦ . - ¦ •• ' .. " ' ¦ . ' ¦ . ¦ ¦¦ - .. "¦¦ ¦¦/¦ V " r We shall return to this subject next week ^^ fbrsome time ^ week by week . We shall point out exaotly wherein the organisation has been wholly neglected and suffered hitherto to lie dormant as i dead letter ; we Bhall show Ihow it may and ought to be benenoially owned out ; and we Bhall also give inBtniotions to those who may choose to follow them for the ;^ arrangement and ^ perfecting of local societies to work hand inihand with , arid to aphold and strengthen , our great National Charter Assbciation . ; ¦" . ¦ ¦ - - . ' "• s , •¦' . '"¦ ¦ ; . ' : y- ' ; - ; : . - ; ¦ : ' .. ' ' .

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      MR . " HEAD-PACIEICATOE , " STEELE . ¦¦ ¦ ,..: ;¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ : "¦ again . ¦ .. , ¦ ¦ . . ¦ - . . •; ' ; ¦¦' " The Morning Chronicle of Friday last contains the following morsel , —too rich to pass without oar readers having a taste of it : —

      /« THE NORTHEKNSXAH—MR , STEELE . " To the EditorofiheMorningChronicle . •' Sm , r-The last number of that vulgar and stupid rag , the NorthernSlitr , ; containB a column Of abuse of me , grounded npoo a pure He , invented either bj that fetched tool of Feargus , O'Connor , the editor of the paper , or more probably invented by abject JFeargus himselfi toliy : tp seive apurppse . 41 It Is with . audaclpuS : impudence of falsehood affirmed that , in iny teeetit evidence at Bow-street , before the magistrate , Mr . Jardine , I had alloged that the imputed words- ^ that ' the Queen should be got rid or , * had occurred at a dbartistmeettng . ;;

      " Now , it -will ba perceived by reference to the reporbea evidence , that I never once mentioned or alluded , directly or indirectly , either to Chartists or Chartiflm . I could not have done so , for the person frbnx whom I got my information at Bloomsbury , and who was by my side , and who gave bis evidence at Bow-street , a person of the name of Fab-brother , distinctly declared that he had heard that the observation was made at a different kind of meeting altogether . " The . object of thia rascally article is quite transparent . : -. ' - \ ' -. ¦' - ¦ ''¦' - ¦ '¦' .. ¦ ¦ '"¦ ¦ ¦ . ¦ ; ¦ ¦' . ¦;¦ ¦

      " lam myself a Chartist of the JosephStarg&and O'ConniBll scbio ol , and one of the council of the National Complete Suffrage Union , and , therefore , as a Sturgite ChartUt , I am , of course , eagei to -unite the greatest possible number of friends to freedom in sanctified , peaceful , and conatitntional organizition , without bloodshed or violedfee , for general Reform . . "FearguV O'GoDnor , iuhia shallow ; ill-regulatjid , and fantastio ambition ^ on the contrary , labours to keep ; his ; deluded dupes , the . Feargusites , in disseTeratioa from us ; and for this hateful purpose he , without scruple , speaks and writea all manner of lies , which may tend to prevent union and perpetuate discord .

      " And now a wotd on another Bu ^ ject in relation to this unfortunnte person . He constaBtly , at his meetings of knaves and dnpeSj proposes cheers for FroBt , and Jones , end Williams . "Now , sir , it appears to me that if Mr . Feargus O'Cpnnpt is of opinion that Frost , and Jones , and Williams , ought to be cheered for , the proper time for him to cheer would have been in cheering them on at their head in their attaofc upon Newport , instead of skulking from danger , as he always does . "That was the time for cheering them , if he thought tkem right ; and not now while they are exiles , instigatjed to their fate by his own writings and speeches .

      " Frost , by his cowardice , showed himself worthy to be the follower of the craven Feargus O'Connor , and the poor wretch is now suffering a deep aggravation of bis primitive punishment , very probably excited by hearing of those cheeringa , by writing home political letters to Eqgland , worthy of the disciple of 'the brave FeargrtsM I ' V I have the honour to bei Sir , . ; ..: ¦ , " With great respect , " Your most obedient , humbla servant , ¦ ¦ ¦ -:: a-: " : ' - - ¦ ¦¦ . ' - : . "" ¦ ¦¦ . '¦ ¦ " THOMAS BTEELE . : «' Juiyll . " - . ¦ . ¦ .. ' ,, ¦ .. '¦ -: ¦ ¦ . -.- ¦ :. ¦ ¦ . ¦ :- ¦ •¦ .. ' ¦ : v

      Is not that fine 1 So the "Head Pacificator " would charge us with falsehood ! The lying fello ^ can himself speak no truth , and thinks no one else should . We never said that he said any thing abont Chartists or Chartism . We gave the report from the times without altering a word , The report of the Morning Chronicle was just the same ; and it representiBd Mr . Stb ^ lb to say that the ? disloyalty ' waa at $ Teetotal ^^ meeting , while his witness , Mr . Caow , fixed it on the Chartists ; thus contriving between thena to saddle the odium of "disloyalty " on ; both . Teetotallera and Chartists . This SrcBOB councillor Stbble is indeed a bright manJ ?* t ^ broth of a boy !" "He merits not the name of man ! " So said as

      good a Chartist and as perfect a gentleman as lives ; and we never knew a truer sentence . Tom StEEtE t what a name for a Pacificator I It is -really ; as ironical as ** Cap ^ aia Roc ^ . " Ifnt seriously ^ let ¦ us siee who this Ton Stbelb is , or if he be worthy the name of man ; in the first place , let ua ask ourselves what is man ! the answer is , ' a reasoning being , capable of judging between good and tvil , and of aoting in accordance with hifl judgment '; but can an individual come under this head who bound himself neck and sleeves to P'Connjexl in 1836 , by declaring " ^ That if Q'Conwell wouid order him to spring a mine , stand upon it , and abide its issue , he would do so "; while by way of Brewing how much credit

      Untitled Article

      is duervto his words , in > the following year he addressed ia . letter ' to Q ? Cow « iLL , stating if he would not answer him " ¦ certain ' .. " qawr tions , ' he would neyer again act in pabHo concert with him ! Well , O'ConNem . did ttit answer him 'Vsweet enough , " and accordingly Mr * "Head Paoifibator" ^^^ Tom SteblbjIhi the most public manner , eesigned both his Liberatorship and his head Pacificatorship of Ireland ! Neyertheless , the following week he addressed a Ietter-, to ; thfl ; Freeman ' s journal * SIGNED with all his ^ fmpous insignia of office !!;•'•;• Again , when' MubkA ^ the

      Corn Law delegate , Was in Limerick , in 1839 , who Opposed him 1 The Mayor and Tom Sxbelb with a mob , and turned him oat of doors I Yei the followingweek he received a note from O'CoNNfixt , stating that he Daniel O'G 6 n $ bli . waa the friend of the Corn Law League ! and ¦; thatlie- < StEiBLB ) must not interrupt Mobray I Mark the , change The following week Tom ^ xeele actually pref sided at a dinner given to Sidney Smith in the very same city !! I Well might onr correspondent say that he is not worthy the name of man > The "Mad Tom" , to use a local phrase , that would revile Ckartism 1 the goose of O'Connell tor whom when he was on the spit of a Debtors * Court for £ 14 / O'ConnelL did not advance even a

      penny to baste him ! The moral force "head pacifeoator" of Ireland , who denounced " physical-fore © Chartism , " while he called on the people of Ireland to appear in ^ marshal array" ! the head-pacificator , whose lodgings are not 100 yards from where Beak presented a piBtol at ' . lier MAJESTir ' s carriage wheel ! The " pacificator " , who is in London , while the men of Ennia are reeking with gore V The Pacificator , who raised his tiger-cry of Blood in 183 % ; against pur loved brothers in Chaitism , robbed poor CiANCEYr of the proceeds of his honest industry , and made him an alien to his native land ! Tom Steele is » Councillor of the Sturge ftlen ' s Complete Suffrage Union . . We add to his Bow-street exhibition , and the precious morceaux above , the following from his speech at a repeal meeting 'reported elsewhere : —

      " A tide of thought rushes on my soul at this momeat by reason of the many subjects on which I might choose to address my brother Repeal Wardens in this waxdmote—the Repeal itself , the anti-slavery question , the income-tax ; the new , noble , and / peaceful Chartist movement in Eacland , under Joseph Sturge , as contra-distlngolshed from Feargusism , the Chartism of that cowardly miscreant incendiary , Feargus O'Connor—( hear , hear , hear ) . In the Sturgite movement O'Connell is not only a member of tne povisional council , but , as a lawyer , he i « th > ' Counsellor O'Connell' of the Complete Suffrage Union , as perfectly aa he was ever the ' Counsellor O'Connell' of tiie Irish people . " ' ' ¦¦ ¦¦;•¦ ' .. ¦ .. ¦ - ; : ; .- , . . ; . ; ' - ¦ •;; ¦ - ¦ ' -: '; . ; - " :

      We leave the people now to estimate " the sack " of the Stubge men by " the sample , " and to deli ? er their judgment accordingly . f

      Untitled Article

      The Local Council op the Tivebton Charter Association call loudly , and earnestly on the Chartists of Devonshire to bestir-themselves for the cause . They suggest that letters of invitation be sent from every locality to , F . O'Connor , Esq ±% praying a visit from that gentleman while ori'ftii ? Cornish lour ; and if unable to obtain his aid , to secure that of some ottyr talented lecturer ; ' - ' ¦ )!> Mr Tom . Steele and his *' Cock a « d Boll" Story at the Bow STHEEf Police C 6 vvtX . —Tfve pithy missive stated in our last to have been sent by a good Chartist to the Secretary of the Birmingham Complete Suffrage Union , was transmitted io the head pacificator ^ tpho in repl y denies thai he mentioned Chartists or Chartism at Bow-Mfeet

      ai ' all . Nobody' ev&r said he did . Hetrumped up the storp of disloyal words uttered " at a meeting . " His friend , * the black- 'un" ( Mr . Crow / stated the meeting to have been a Chartist meeting . Arcades Ambo . The one forges t and iht ' . otherdirects the clumsy javelin -the ¦ - ' «*• formahty " Fairbrother , " ( what a name to be connected with a story like this !) having first supplied the . uhwrought materiel . . * '; ' J . C . Beaumont .- —If he will keep his tentper yan 4 give us his exact address , so thai we ^' may ' readh him with a letter ¦ , he shall ; hear from its , and shall hayewtisfdetory reasons for that which he is so very angry abotit . ¦ ' * /• / Bristol Chartist Yovths . —Their cerrectioh ' of the

      statement that there were n 0 ? philpites '\ . in their body appeared in our Notices to Correspondents of the week following the statement . It was received from the samepersoniwhosentjttepdfa * ¦¦ ¦ - graph . ' - - - ' '¦ ' ' ¦ . ¦¦ " ¦ -.. ¦¦'¦ : ¦' ¦ : ' ¦ ¦'¦¦ . ' y < ' ' j t ¦ ¦¦ : . ¦ . ' " ¦ ¦¦ _¦; '' WHiTEHAVENi--T »' e hearthat the friendsof freedom are about to open a ' local assodalumfor the pror mitigation of the truths of Chartism in Whitehapen . Heaven speed them I ; . '¦< - ' - ' ; ' ¦ "' . One of the Middle Classes , who would bb Industrious . —tWe have receivedhis long letter ; but we do not seethe ' - utility < of publishing it . It bears to us ihe evidence oj a mind which greatly overrates its own powers . We will try to answer Ms queries . 1 st . The Chartist body , so for as we

      know' them , have no connection with * nor similarity to , nor affection for , thefilthy ribaldry and disgustingi Atheism of' Pubucola , in the Dis- ^ patch . P ublicola has written against the Chartists wiih as much virulence \ r ignorance ¦ , and falsehood as any public writer of the day . Our correspond nl cannot more thoroughly loathe the diatribes of P ublicola ffiari toe do . We know very little of the religioussentiments oj ' the ' body whom our correspondent terms the '' D * Neil Christian Chartists ; " but we apprehend that they , are not Ki Catholics or Romanists . " We rather suppose them to consist of parties holding it may be a variety of individual opinions upon what are usually termed" matters of faith" but

      agreeing [ in their political'sehtimentsr and agree " ing aho in the two great religious Ockriowledgmenis of the Divinity of the Lord and the . Divinity Tor truth J of the Sdpred Scriptures . Mr . O'CpnTwr . ftaf not ocencaugJU" * the trap" of " the Labourers ' , friend Society . " We do not knqju ) whether ' Mr . P'Brien , the Chartist ^ be or be not , the same Mr . O'Brien to whose writings in Ireland he makes , allusion . We know nothing about Mr . Parry , tte Sturge Conference deputy . The Bristol Chartists and the Sturgites .- —We have received a letter from the Bristol sub-Secretary in reference'to the' coiduct of the Cfiatlists at the late Sturge meeting in : that town , stating that no opposition was offered by the Chartists ( o the objects of the meeting ; that the meeting merely exercised its right of electing a chairman , which was resisted by the Sturgites on

      behalf of their advertised chairman ; that if even the advertised chairman had been submitted to the vote , of the meeting , he would not have been opposed , but thai alt the " opposition" consisted in the contempt of the usage and orderly proceedings of public meetings evinced by the Slurge party . We still think that , notwithstanding this explanation , the Chartists did wrong : theyshould have allowed the Sturgites to go on with their own business in their own way , taking anybody , or nobody for a chairman , as they pleased , so long ^ as no attack upon , or compromise of , our prih- ~ ciples were attempted . Had any such thingy renderedi . it necessary for the Chartists foupWd our principles , and the chairman had refused them a fair hearing , it would have been quite competent for the meeting to vote him out of the . chair , and someone else into it . ¦ . ... ; ; ;; - ; ;' .

      Carlisle Ch artists .--TAey have sent us no trades or residences of their councili .: v / ' David M'MivlaX' —We havenoroom . \ Birmingham Chartists . —Their address to the Irish Universal Suffrage Association next week ,: , David ^ Thompson . -- Jfi ? have notroom this week . < TuNSTALt . ( jHkmisis . T-Their Kstof council is omitted because , thetradesandresidencesare not'given * Georqb BxiHN . rr-TArC Bradford Chartists have tioritieri us several times , disclaiming all connection with this person , who was some time ago-expeUed their association . : ; / : PaoPAGANDisM . —Mr . tym , Gillinder ; jun ., Mexvro FJxnt-glasa Works , by Rotherham , writes to . «*• hort the Chartisls of Dcrncasler , RQlherham aH < ¦ Qainsbro \ io exertion . -Hesays ~ i-+-: \ ' - ¦' .. } ^

      " Fellow-Serfs , —It is a fact , that althongh Chartism has attained a greater strength now than ever it had before , and that there ' are Chartists in every--town and viUage , yet in many of the market to was i within forty miles .-, ¦ ' of yon there la no' Gbartiat ' society . We Ind that wherevei the local" leadtwn are active the good cause flouriahes mo « tv cojneji'i . their , " let us be active , and do our own partj to ~ j wards our own freedom ; let us unite , and aendihtf Tbiw pfCbartiam ^ into every townand vHIagsiln : ^ ¦ ¦ our district . : " . " ¦¦ ¦ ' : \ : '¦ - ¦ . ¦ -: ! '• ' ¦'¦ iir ^ . - , r-mr .

      fit Doncaster could furnish £ i ; B ^ thorbani ^ lf-Qainsbro" £ l » Swlnton and Wath £ i ; We ' M ^ tt " ''' then tenture to employ a lectuter for one xHooffij '"" andthe rest of his wages could be made up , fit ^ e " mppm . ; Now these places , with al « stirrer at tiie ^ command , could send good news to the following . places ^ all matket town * iw ^ horne >* Godle ; SnaW § Ctowle , E pworth , East Retford , Orirgley ^ tipon-W . Bawtey , Tickhill 4 Workspp , ic Inwironld be a good rqute fos : ai Hcturer i and it awocteadns coold ^ be « 8 taWMh > d'in ieacti ^ place ; they , along , witb . Rptheiaislini ; ' Doncas ^ er , : ^ , would , * think , forniea In ^ a ^ dfatrlci , 'be enab ? edt (> keeja lecturer iemployea i » gaiarJy . "iftera ** a many popnloua villages which might biB agitated with 6 O 3 d succeaa . " ¦ : ¦ . ¦ ¦ ¦ - ' ¦" .. ' ¦/ :: ¦ ¦ ' ¦< . ¦ ¦ : ¦ ¦ - . ¦ .: ¦ ¦¦ : ¦¦¦ ¦ . ' ¦ - ¦¦¦ - ^

      Untitled Article

      A . - ¦; .- - . ¦ , THEr :.. NOB Tg ' E ;^ : ' : S , X ^| t- ^ . - - :- ;

      Tee Pobtraits.

      TEE POBTRAITS .

      The Northern Star. - S Aturday, July 23,1842.

      THE NORTHERN STAR . - S ATURDAY , JULY 23 , 1842 .

      Untitled Article

      demands of a people , united in purpose and opinion , and so organised as to enable them to espress their opinion and to prosecute their purpose as one man ; Of this the factions are mest perfectly : aware ; and hence their highest dread has ever been the organisation of the people , and their greatest care to provide against its existence . It is only by a well digested plan of organisation , generally understood and acted on , that the power of the people can be efficiently made manifest . The isolated struggles of individuals , or knots of individuals , or separate societies or localities , even though all directed to the same end , are but like water thrown by bucket *

      fulls out of a m ighty river against the walls of a citadel , which expends its force in impotence , producing a splash and nothing more : while a national organisation , enabling the whole people to mow at the same time , and in the same direction , bending their energies against the same point , is like the mighty rushing of the whole torrent , against which no obstacle can stand . The vast importance of this subject has been always seen , both by the people ' s friends and by their enemies ; and hence , from the time when the House of Commons was first sought to be emancipated from the direct oontroul of the crown , and placed in its due position as an independent branch of the legislature , to the present moment

      a period of- about 2 oO years , an incessant struggle has been going on , between those who wished to organise , and those who wished to destroy j the expression of the people ' s will for right . This struggle has been carried on with more or less of spirit , as the parties anxious for right , and understanding it , hare been more or less numerous , talented , or influential . It would be easy to run over the entire history ; but it would comport neither with our

      space nor purpose to do so . Suffice it that the lynxeyed jealousy of faction watched every movement ; and , having in their hands tho power of law-making , met every organised movement with new and more close restrictions ; till it waa thought that effectual provision had been made against &ny possibility of any national organisation existing , other than such as might accord with the designs and purposes of the dominant class .

      The laws now in force , in reference to politica societies and national organisation , are comprised in two most sweeping and comprehensive statutes , the 39 Geo . Ill , chap . 79 , passed in July 1799 , and the 57 Geo . III . c . 19 , passed in March 1817 , and bo well are the meshes of these two insidious and infamous statutes spread out , that it was doubtless deemed to be impossible for any " national " organisation to escape them . And so it would be , in the absence of a national organ of

      communication . . When the scoundrels hatched this infernal piece of villany , they did not calculate upon a Northern Star rising in the poiitioal and social hemisphere , and shedding its rays over the entire surface of the Empire . That advantage the people will now feel , as , by means of it , they may be enabled to make the plan of organisation now offered them , as thoroughly efficient as it is perfectly legal ; and thus baffle all the arts of all the enemies of freedom .

      In calling attention to the plan of organisation propounded by the national meeting of delegates , and to the mode of working it , we begin with placing before our readers so much of the provisions of the law upon the subject , as were capable of being brought to bear upon the former plan . Freemasons , Quakers , and all societies of a purely religions or charitable character , and in which so other subject shall , under any circumstances , be discussed , are specially exempted from the operation of the acts above-named ; and with suoh exceptions only , by the united force of these acts , every society

      the members of which , or any members whereof shall , either verbally , or in writing , subscribe , or assent to , any test or declaration , not required by law , is an unlawful combination and confederation . See the carefnlness with which villa ny has drawn the net strings ! Not content with prohibiting suoh oaths , tests , or declarations as might be against the law , the words not required by law extend the prohibition to all voluntary declarations at whatever character ; even a declared determination , by the members of any society , to uphold the law , might by this clang © be construed as illegal .

      This made the very outset of the former system of organisation illegal . The fifth paragraph , on " The conditions of membership , " being as follows ;—'' 5 . All psrsons will become members of this Association on condition of signing a declaration , signifying tbeir agreement with its objects , principles , and constitution , when they shall b « presented with cards of membership , which shall be renewed quarterly , and for which they shall each pay the sum of twopence .

      Now , this signing a declaration was quite un necessary : every man desirous of being a member Of the Association , of course agrees with its objects , principles , and constitution . The " signing" is no protection agwnst spies or traitors , whom the good sense and vigilance of the members will as easily detect without the " signing" as with it . In the nevr plan of organisation it is , therefore , omitted . Every Chartist is supposed , necessarily , in virtue of his being a Chartist , to desire the objects—to hold the principles , and to approve the constitution , of the Association . This is the first great improvemenl of the amended plan ; by which the fangs of the legal harpies are removed from one limb of their prey .

      The next has relation , to the abolition of the classes , ward divisions , and local officers and councils . By the Acts before named , every Society composed of different branches or divisions , acting iti ANY man . ner separately or distinctly from each other , or of ichich any part shall Itave any distinct President , Secretary , Treasurer , delegate , or other officer , ox , ANY person acting as such , elected or appointed by or for such part , or to act IN ant office for such part , shall be deemed and holden to be an unlawful combination and confederacy . This , of conrse , brought all tho classes , all the Town Councils , all ward divisions , offioers , and

      Councils , all the looal Treasurers , and Secretaries , and all the Riding and County Councils , within the meshes of the law . Because in all these cases ihe several parts of the Association acted separately and distinctly from each other , having reference to their own local arrangements only , and without any reference to , or any overt cognizance thereof by the whole Society . The Council for Bradford , for in * stanoe , was a distinct Council for that locality . It was elected by tho members resident in Bradford only , and its functions were clearly referable to a part of the Association , separate and distinct from the other parts . In like manner , the Treasurer and Secretary for Bradford were officers only for that part of the Association , and not for the whole ; and s 6 on for all the other local officers . '

      Having declared the cases in which political societies shall be deemed unlawful combinations and confederacies , theBe Acts provide ' . —Thai , any member of any stich society , and every person who , shall directly or indirectly maintain correspondence or intercourse rcxth any such somety ^ or with any divv sion % branch , committee , or other select body , president , treasurer , secretary , delegate , or other officer ,

      or member thereof , as Bncb ; or who shall by contri button of money or otherwise , aid , abet , or [ support such society , or any member thereof ' , as such , shall incur certain penalties . The penalties are of two kinds , * h By summary process on information before ONE Justice of the Peace ; on conviction , a fine of twenty pounds , or three months' imprisonment in the common gaol . . 2 . BY INDICTMENT ; ON CONVICTION , TBANSPOBTATltiN FOR

      SEVEN YEARS . " , ; ' :...,. Thus was it doubtless hoped to render anything like a national organiiitidn for political purposes utterly impossible , without subjecting , all ihie parties therein concerned , to the full penalties of this master-piece of class-legislative vfllaay and cowardice . Indeed , our opinion was , after having carefully and often looked through the acts , that there was no possible mode of escaping their pro-

      Untitled Article

      REAL UNION WITH THE MIDDLE

      . .. ' ¦ : .. - ; ¦/; . . classes . ¦ ¦ ; ¦ . ;¦ . ; ¦ ¦¦ ¦ v ;;;; . : We have bnt just time to point attention to the proceedings as reported in another column , of an important meeting of shopkeepers at Burnley , put effort has been for some time back to show the working portion of the middle classes , the . honest shopkeepers , that their whole interests are inseparable , even for a moment , f torn the prosperity of those whose pence fill lip their tilis j hlappy are we to see one portion of them apparently convinced . The shopkeepers of Burnley take the right coarse . They

      apply \ fpr the true remedy ; and they do " - - . so in the right way . They do their own work ; the people very properly not interfering to destroy the distinctive character of their meeting . With men like these there is some hope of an useful because honest union . And this is just what we have all along told the people must come if they were but faithful to themselves ; and forbore to go over ; to the middle classes instead of insisting on the middle classes coming over to them . Let them however yet b « wary . The Burnley shopkeepers are not all the middle classes . The war is not over because

      oneregiment of honest men have joined us . The League are as crafty and aa willing to lay hold of popular Bupport without giving anything to the people as they . ever ^ ere . Let the people read the following ; silky , wily , letter to the Chairman of the anti-Corn Law Conference in London : — ' u ; Mj ' 'Dear Sir , — -I thank you for yourcommunication ; I think you will have another Delegation from Coventry , but not ; for repeal only-- ( cheer 8 . ) The people here are ripe for a struggle . We have to-day presented a requisition to the Mayor , well signed , at a short notice , to call a meeting to consider the state of the country . He has done so , and we meet on Tuesday . Our measnres are not resolved upon , but we cannot keep the people back ; and I think we had better give the reins in favour of democracy .

      Do urge . upon the League tho propriety and policy of leading the people . We want ; but leaders , and we will do anything and everything , but the masses will not restrict their efforts to Corn Law Repeal . Our language will be denunciation of aristooraby and class-legislation , and defiance of the present House of Commons . I shall be glad of the latest information from head-quarters , that pur measures on Tuesday may be in harmony , if possible ; will you write on Monday night 1 Above all impress upon the Delegates that if they want the people at their back they must take up the suffrage question . Without that , their efforts are hopeless , and the people will throw themselves upon more daring and reckless leaders . ' ¦ " I am , yours truly , "J . WHITTERN . "

      Let this letter be well read . It exactly corroborates and substantiates all we have ever said and written as to the obvious purpose of the new-fledged patriots in " taking up the Suffrage question "—just to place themselves again in the position of ¦ " leading the people . " Let the people submit to be again "led" by them , and whither will they lead them ? To the Suffrage ? Not they , indeed ! but to the accomplishment of their own projects of . " Extension , " when , with small ceremony and less feeling , they will hand over their blind followers to an amount of ruin

      even greater and more pitiable than that which now engiilfs them . Let the people bnt keep their eyes open , and their feet steady , and they are all right ; ¦ ¦ ¦¦ ¦ ••• ' . ' ' : \ - - . _ ;¦ ' . - ¦ -: ' . ; ' - - . ¦ ¦ > ¦ , ¦ ¦ . ¦ ¦ ¦ . ..

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  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 23, 1842, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct763/page/4/