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Northern Star (1837-1852), 22nd January 1842, Edition 4 of 4, Page 4, Untitled Article

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    • THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY, JANUARY 22, 1842.
    • TO TH% CHARTISTS OF SCOTLAND.
    • THE SCOTTISH CONVENTION VOTE.
    • Co aaeatwrtf antr Covrcj&wmtotttg
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      Untitled Article

      "TCO THE CHARTISTS OP NORTH LANCASHIRE , j Beotheb . Chartists . —We , the delegates of North I Xaoeaahire , address ourselves to yon at this most critical I aaotaent , with a foil confidence tfest you -will st this I time give us your undivided support in carrying out tie j plans W * bava adopted for forwarding the cauite of I T 7 oiTenal liberty . It is quite time that the -working I eJasaes shonld begin to set in union together , they have ' too long been led away by the subtle and cunning ehenies of the designing knaves who hare robbed them xf their hard-earned money , to squander it away upon tfeereselves , their sons , daughters , and dependents , in eaele # s pensions , abominable sinecures , and unjust tna Wehnve too long obejed them and suffered them to sow discord amongst us by keeping up religious

      lends , and national antipathies , so that they may be able with more ease to crush any movement calculated to give the people their rights . But , thank Grod , the people have opened their eyes ; they have examined from whence has arisen their present distress . They ¦ hare have studied political science , and have found Qsat the cause of all their grievances springs from c ' ass legislation . The people of England ean no longer be persuaded to look with contempt and indifference upon tee people of Ireland ; they no longer regard theni as aliens , but pity their sufferings brought upon them by the creel deeds of their and our oppressors ; they solicit them to join in an agitation for a fall measure of Jasfcice , one not only calculated for repealing the union , mad the Cora La-sre , bat for the repealing every r ther bad

      &w ; we deplore the many divisions that have taken place on former occasions , and hope for the future all bickerings and Jealousies may be done away with ; ¦» e , are glad to find that a spirit of perseverance ha * begun to be manifested in North Lancashire , unequalled < m any former agitation , and amidst all the persecution ve have to contend against from both Whig and Tory , Ve are increasing the members of our association with astonishing rapidity . We particularly advise the working d asses to keep aloof from every agitation , aave that ¦ which will give to them political power , aid not to lend tbeir mighty power to accomplish any object bnt that of the Pole ' s Charter . A mighty move iB now csdeavoored to be got op by the Corn Law repealer * , in order to divert the working classes from the agitation

      they are so nobly engaged in . The Corn Law repealers are no friends to the people , they are a money-grubbing et of individuals , who are determined to enrich them-¦ elves at the expence ef all whom they bring under tbeir tyrannical sway , however loud they may boast of their feelings for the poor . Their actions speak loudeT than "Words , which proves that they are the greatest enemies to the working classes . They persecute teem in every % nythey possibly can , only t > y meeting in fair and -epea discussion ; this they Bhrink from , knowing tbat the principles of the Charter are based upon the eternal Tact of truth tbat cannot be undermined by flimsy argua % eatB brought by such a erew of political hypocrites . Tbsj deprive us of places to meet in ; they discharge an whom they may -employ who bave the honesty to

      express their opinions , if they differ from their own ; and yet they would persuade us that they were Chartists ! and if tbs working classes -will only assist them to obtain a repeal of the Gorn Laws , they " will then go tar the Charter 1 Beware of wolves in sheep ' s clothing . They intend not what they promise ; they want to make a secocd reform agitation to accomplish their own ends , and then turn round and laugh at the credulity of working mea . We warn the Chartists of the fully of agitating for a repeal of the Corn Laws , even if a repeal wonld benefit the country . Whilst the aristocracy have under their command a standing army of butchers , and a base and dissolute priesthood , there £ so prospect of the Com Laws being repealed ; lor the landowners , fur whose benefit they are kept on , have

      trred up to the extent , and even exceeded their * incomes , they , consequently , have been compelled to soctgage their e&tites to pay the interest of the mort-Sage , and if a repeal of the Corn Laws do take place , and the price of land be lowered , the rents of the farmer would be reduced , and those landowners , whose estates are mortgaged as a majority of them are , ( some of the landowners paying as much as three-fourths of the rent they reeeive in the shape of interest upon mortgages , ) would ba entirely ruined , left deep in debt , and nothing to pay with ; whilst Use money-monger , who lent the xaoney , would be benefited ; and yet the landowners , before the Corn Laws can be repealed , must give their consent by passing the bill through the House of Lords . Ai » rt what power has the Commons left to enforce them

      to pass it , even if a majority could be obtained to pass It through the House of Commons ? Just none ; for il toey stop the supplies , the Corn Law repealers would lie the greatest lojers ; the trade of the eeuuiry being carried on by paper money and fictitious capital , the nosey system would be entirely destroyed , anarchy and confusion become the order «* the day . The landowners having the army to assist them , their sons being the officers would serve them , sooner than see the estate of their father , the baronial castles of their ancestors going to the hands of the money speculators , would cast down all who opposed them , like the mower cutting down the ripe grass . Yes , we assure you , that no measure can be obtained for t ^ e relief of the people « ntil tbey have a control over their representatives .

      fiive us , then , working men , your rapport . Unite , saite . for the purpose of obtaining political freedom . Support the forthcoming Convention with all your sight . Give your assistance &t this time . Before your -delegate can take his seat in the Convention , th « sum < rf ^ l 8 zsa » i be raised . This sum your delegates have agreed to have in the bands of the treasurer , Mr ' . Smith , on the 13 th of Pehruary , si the latest Ho tone must be lost ; all hands must be at work . There most be no banging back at tbia time , Let all the signatures be obtained to the Petition that possibly can begot , bat let them be the signatures of all entitled to the franchise . Follow not the example of the Corn

      Law repealers , who , in order to obtain as many signatures as the Chartists , are taking down the names of little children , and are even "boasting at obtaining the signatures of children two and three times over . Act honestly but dttsrminedly , and nothing can stop you irom obtaining jour political rights as freemen . We call upon you to supply the required sum for the Convention without delay ; and that union and brotherly love may still increase amongst us , and that " Universal Sttfihige , and no surrender , may for ever be the metto « f working men . W . Beeslet , District Secretary . m r t- m f- r m t- ^* -i e ¦ ^^^^^ fc ^»~ irf ~ rf > r ^ n r- mmr- ¦

      Untitled Article

      TO TEE MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL CHABTEB ASSOCIATION . Mi Dear Fetexds , —I have no doubt yon will feel tnxicus to learn what I have been deing for some trm ? past , and I diall feal it my duty to give you a short sketch of my labours in the cause during my tour in the rarious parts of the country . In the course of my agitation sinca I arrived , in the metropolis for the purpose of meeting the members of the Executive , I cave visited Ipswich and Norwich , in both of which pieces I addressed meetings , and pror eared an addition to the numbers of the Association . I would likewise have visited Chatham , bnt tae log in the river prevented me from reaching that place in time , and consequently the people had dispersed long before I reached Gravesend in the Ipswich steam boat A second disappoiirttnent arose from an announcement in the Star , to wkich I never gave my consent ; and 1 trust parties , in future , who advertise me to be at places a . t certain dates , will , in the * first place , ask me the « aestioa whttiier I can go or not .

      I visited Canterbury , and lecture ! in the Town Hall to an audience who never heard of the Charter except from prejudiced sources . The impression was good , and an association was formed in the priest-ridden c ' ty , to whom I disposed of 50 cards , which , with 54 I left at Ipswich , strengthened the association in tbat part of tee eountry embraced In the tear i > j 104 new members . I then proceeded to Diventry , in Northamptonshire , where I addressed a respectable company of my old friends , and caused aa increase of members . I moved ¦ oa , orratber marched , with a company of friends , to Xong Buckley , where I addressed a very good paying audits ce in a bsxn , formed an association , and disposed of fifty cards .

      I aext marched , escorted as usual , through the snow to PitchJord , and was received by a joyful peal of bells rang for the occasion . I lectured in a barn where there were two pks outside and two policemen insida The pigs granted , the police grumbled , and the people were gratified . The police were sent for by an eld lacy , who either imagined we were going to storm her boose , or steal the pigs . Tke pigs remained unmolested to dirt at the Srtt Chartist lecture ever addressed to the swinish , multitude , and the police , like all "watchful guardians on a frosty cigbt , repaired to the ueartst public house , for the purpose of drinking the old lady s heahh , at her especial expence . On the following evening I lectured in the Town Hall , which w& 3 filled to overflowing ly my constituents , and who were , by all accounts , satisfied that free trade was good enough abstractly , but likely to be ruinous , under present circumstances , if practically enforced , without the People ' s Charter .

      I proceeded to Weliingborough , where I delivered two lectures , in a coach-maker ' s shop , and enrolled twenty-five new members , which fact is the best illustration of tfciffcfFect rf the lecture . At Kfettsri&g I lectured twice , and attended a very large tea-party , given by the ladies . Thirty cards were taken st ELettering , which , I am happy to say , ia « sy likely to take a leading part in tae movement . I proceeded onwards to Weldon-in-the-Woods , where I found but few Chartists to begin witb ; they were , boweTer , of the right sort , and the agricultural lapoarera were very attentive .

      Oundlewa * the last place is Northampton "which I Tkdted , and I had much pleasure in meeting with a Teoerable and respected old gentleman , of the name of Homes , who has distributed an immesse number of tracts of ail kinds , who contributed L-urgelyto the old Convention , and who provided a place of meeting . C&Mtism is Hincb indebted to Mr . Eimes , and he has » . 5 thanks , as one of the party , for bis unequalled * xetUons in the cause , surrounded as he is by prejudice fth \ hostile interests . ¦ " - ¦ ¦ I am , my dear Friends , Your ' s , in the cause , P . M 2 d 1 > OtALL . My addrezs is l , Shoe-lane , London Wisbeach , Cambridgeshire , Jan-lfth , 18 * 2 .

      Untitled Article

      TO THE MEMBERS , SUB-SECRETARIES , AND GENERAL COUNCILLORS OF THE NATIONAL CHARTER ASSOCIATION . Brother Democrats , —Nothing can arrest the rapid progress of our principles except our own divisions or apathy . Divisions ever have been the bane of the progress of the cause of justice and humanity ; observe how the Whigs and Tories co" » er every fault they possibly can in the parties In their ranks . I have invariably found that the best way to forward our great and sacred cause is , to avoid jealousy ; every good democrat will be appreciated aecerding to hia deserts . I wish that parties writing to me -would prepay their letters , I have had lately to pay for saveral letters twopence each , whereas if they were pre-paid they would

      come free to me , and only cost the senders one penny each . Such places as have not had cards can have them by applying to me . I would feel obliged to the gentleman wh 9 remitted ten shillings from Redrath , in Cornwall , for cards , if he would write to me again ; when he shall have done so , I will transmit cards to him . I also wish to know if Mr . Martin , of Brampton , has received the cards I sent him . I received a letter from Boston , yesterday , stating that cards were wanting , they remitted me £ 1 0 a . 6 d . for the cards ; this is the fourth town in Lincolnshire enrolled in the National Charter Association . The association now

      exists in every town of note in England ; it has a strong and firm footing in London , the metropolis of Europe ; in Manchester , the great commercial mart ; in Liverpool , in Birmingham , Newcastle , Carlisle , Leeds , York , Hull , Bamsley , Bradford , Dewsbury . Huddersfield , Halifax , Oldham , Aahton , Rochdale , Bolton , Stockport , Chester , Maccltsfield , Derby , LouRhborough , Nottingham , Leicester , the Potteries , Stafford , Coveniry , Warwick , Worcester , Mertbyr Tydvil , Brighton , Bath , Bristol , Norwich , Ipswich , Canterbury , Durham , Sunderland , Chatham , Portsmouth , Isle ef Wight , Oxford , Cambridge , and hundreds ot other places .

      You see we have penetrated into the seats of State Church intolerance , viz ., Canterbury , Durham , Chester , and Norwich ; into the great sea ports , into villages , in almost every county in England and Wales ; into the University towns of Oxford and Cambridge . I now ask when were our principles so rapidly extended before in so short a space of time , with such little means ? I am particularly anxious that the following places should authorise the sub-Secretaries to write to me , viz .: — Wandsworth Deptford H «> ywood Selby . Queensbead Church well Beverley Newcastle-under-Lyne WalBaU Birmingham , Swallow-street

      Coventry Stapleford Ruddington Dalston New Mills Glossop Blackwood Yarm Percy Main Hartlepool Miiford Seghill Cramiington Hazlegrovs Wilsden Stanningley Kingswood-hill Ripon Boroughbridgs Bridlington Chelsea Wolverton Birstal Cleckhe&ton Dodworth Woolwich Lepton ' Chatham

      Hollingwood Winslow Northwich Bridport Rayton Exeter Tonbridge Birfceahead Kfelkthain Silsden Camborne , Corn- DrifSeld wall Wednesbury Sunderlaad Nuueaton Croydon Idle I sincerely hope that the sub-Secretaries of the above ¦ will immediately correspond with me . I return aiy most sincere thanks to Messrs . Balrstow and Taylor for sending me the names of the sub-Secretaries wherever they establish the Association . Yours in the cause , John Campbell , Sec

      The Northern Star Saturday, January 22, 1842.

      THE NORTHERN STAR SATURDAY , JANUARY 22 , 1842 .

      Untitled Article

      THE NEW » NEW MOVE "" MR . BIGGS AND HIS MIDLAND COUNTIES ' CHARTER . The position of the people and the "liberal " middle-classes of this country affords an illustration of the old fabla of Mohammed and the monntain which but for the consequences involved in and the circumstances which have led to it might be amusing . Most heartily , however , do we rejoice to see that the well-schooled people understand their lesson and are resolved to perfectly play out their part . Whatever of bulking and blustering and kicking and

      vapouring and coaxing and wheedling may be resorted to , the monntain will not badge ; and Mohahsed , if he purpose to effect a junction must positively advance , not merely halfway , but the wkole distance , The Whig middle classes succeeded , ten years ago , in persuading the people to win power for them , with the dktinct bargain that it should be used for the protection of the people and shared with them ; they used that power for purposes of oppression , robbery , aDd spoliation under the name and forms of law ; they were reminded of their compact by the abused

      and deceived people ; they replied by proclamations , police-bludgeons , military pageants , unjust arrests , jBock trials , murderous pre-determinei sentences , dungeons , and tortares ; the spirit of the peeple was aroused ; they were hurled from the seats they iad denied ; and the sceptre was wrested from their grasp . They are now beginning to find that the prosperity of the wicked is not for ever ; that a reaction must eome , and does come . They are beginning to feel how very powerless they are without the aid of the abased and vilified and insulted people . Seeing this , their first thought was

      to neutralise the power they had called into activity by dividing its forces ; hence the many attempts by corrupting or cajoling venal or weak-minded leaders to split np the people into sections ; to convert th © sections into factions , and so to occupy them in destroying each other : hence the " new move , " the Bhewsteb factios , and the other efforts that have been made ana are yet making to destroy that unity of action whish ia the anchor of the people ' s hope . This game has been tried to surfeiting , but ineffectually : the people do but laugh in the faces of their tools , and drum them out of the ranks .

      Unable to destroy the people ' s energies , they perceive their only chance of maintaining their own position and of regaining power to lie in the devising of some means whereby it Bhould be again purchased to their use ; and they are very anxious therefore to close up the wounds they have to rudely opened and to knit the people again to them . Hence the Cora Law Repeal clap-trap which has se signally failed as to have become a bye word of contempt ; and hence too the more recent and more wily move of " complete suffrage" to which the aid and countenance of Mr . Stubge has been obtained ; in which the vague principle of Universal Suffrage is recognised , but with a careful exclusion of all those necessary fences of detail which are alike

      important for the obtainieg , guiding , and retaining of it All these are alike unavailing ; the time for cajoling the people has gone by ; they have long since settled in their minds the principle of Universal Suffrage ; they have prepared and laid < tc"wn * plan for the useful working of that principle ; and they don ' t choose to begin their work again , because the middle classes find it only now convenient to acknowledge their ignorance . Hence , to resume our Bimile , the people like the mountain have remained firm ; while the middle classes , like Mohammed , have been mouthing and mouthing , and coaxing and coaxing , and are now beginning to think seriously of coming to the mountain .

      As a last coaxing effort , Mr . Wh . Biggs , of Lei » . cester , has thrown his delicately-formed tub to the great whale . He gives a nourish of trumpets preparatory , which is echoed by several M Liberal " papers of an amended Charter ¦ , which was to remove from the People ' s Charter all that was unjust or offensive , and cause it to be adopted by the middle classes ; he is permitted to occupy six mortal columns of a large folio newspaper , with the full-length bantling at its birth ; and what is the result ! Why an abortion , so perfect , that it is alike spurned by all parties ! Poor Mr . Biggs ! What an ill-used man How shameful ! that the naughty people , and the still more naughty middle classes , for whose service it was specially adapted , won ' t touch his amended Charter ! We b-aye waited to see the answer of the " Dissenting Ministers and Midland Counties' Reformers" to

      Untitled Article

      the very modest " devolving" of Mr . -Biggs ' , bant ? ling upon them , before we Baid anything about it . That reply Mr . Biggs furnishes ia the following letter to the Editor of the paper which inserted his " amended Charter * ' : — " * . ' Leicester , Jan . 6 , 1842 . " Sir , —In yoar last week ' s paper , you i ? ere kind enough to insert a letter of mine , ia the course of which I intimated my intention * of devolving the Buccess or

      failure of the amended Charter upon the dissenting ministers of the midland counties . ' I have , since that time , had the pleasure of seeing many of those gentlemen , and I find that though they generally agree in the principles of the Amended Charter , and will have no objection as citizjns and friends of civil and religious liberty , at fitting times and seasons , to give to it , in as far as they approve it , their support , yet that , aa dissenting ministers , they are disinclined to be so intimately identiaedwith it as I proposed .

      " I regret further to aay , that the result of my correspondence with the Whig Radical Reformers , and dissenting ministers of Nottingham , Derby , and Loughborough , as to the proposed Political Convention , is not encouraging or satisfactory . " Under these eircumatances , the plan must be left to the calm consideration and reflection of Reformers generally . So far as I am individually concerned , it is enough tbat I have redeemed my promise of introducing it to the public I believe firmly that the working

      classes will consult their real interest by adopting it I believe further , tbat the middle classes may support it with perfect security ; but of this both classes must constitute themselves the judges : it is a subject on which it would be gratuitous on all aidea to be precipitate . Having no greater personal interest in the progress of public liberty than the poorest man in the empire , I can be well content that some other m 6 re feasible project may be launched , which may have a greater prospect of immediate or ultimate success .

      •• I remain , Sir , " Your obedient servant , " William Biggs . " So that Mr . Biggs now figures something like a Chinese mandarin , without his button . His " amended Charter " , instead of being " the Midland Counties ' Charter , " is poor Mr . Bigos' lame bantling ; kicked out by the Dissenting Ministers , disowned by the Whig-Radicals , and cuffed equally by the Nonconformist , and the good Chartist Parson , Humphrey Price I Well ; well ! these things will happen . The best of projects are sometimes frustrated ; and as heavy a fall as this has ere now overtaken as great a man as Mr . Biggs .

      We have a spice of that indiscriminate chanty in our disposition which would induce us , had we the means , to keep an open refuge for the destitute ; and in the true spirit of this disposition , as Mr . Biggs ' friends "bowed him out" we proceed to "take him in , " and to introduce him to the notice of our readers . We have read this " Midland Counties' Charter " moit carefully ; and find dishonesty in every lineament . He sets out with a flaming culogium on the principles of the People ' s Charter . He says , speaking in the character of " the under-signed Ministers of Religion , members of Reform Societies , Slo . " : —

      " We hold that the general principles of the Charter are correct and indisputable ; that they lie at the foundation of all democratic governments ; that they are old as time , immutable as fate , eternal as the hills , and are at once the pride and birthright of the human race . " He proceeds to assert that the design of th « original framers of the Charter " to cause the Radicals of the United Kingdom to form , if possible , a concentration of their principles ia a practical form ,

      upon which they could be brought to unite , and to whickthey might point , as a Charter they are determined to obtain" ; in other words , to induce a union of all reformers in the empire , for the purpose of effecting a grand national organic change in the Parliamentary representation , based upon the principles of the "Equal Rights of Man , " has signally failed ; and tbat though the Charter has been now three years before the public , it is as far from effecting the object designed , as it was when it was first launched into political existence .

      These are his reasons for sitting down to remodel and to purge of its impurities the Charter ; of whose p , inciptes he has spoken so highly : and after labouring , aa we have said , thromgb . six long columns , the " amendments" he proposes are to give the vote to all persons of twenty-five yearainstead of twentyone , — to make the residence qualification twelve months instead of bix , —and to fix the duration of Parliaments at three years instead of one . With these alterations he regards the Charter as : — " A practical scheme of political reform , which , while it is based upon first principles , may in pur honest and conscientious conviction , come into immediate operation to morrow , withont the slightest insecurity to life , liberty , or property . "

      Now , the first natural feeling of a honest man at sight of this statement is , " Why then make & fuss about such trifling matters of difference as these ? Why not at once , seeing that the Charter has been three years before the public , and ha 3 therefore many admirers and honest advocates , merge these slight and inconsiderable matters of difference on detail for the attainment of the great end sought ; a cordial agreement on the principles ?"

      This we say is the first thing that strikes a honest mind . The end avowedly sought is an union of the middle classes with the ChartiBts , for the purpose of honestly promoting the great principles of the Charter ; and if this end were really sought , and if the Charter was bo near to Mr . Biggs' mind as to need only these alterations , and if the middle classes were very anxious about the union for the purpose avowed , there can be no manner of doubt that they

      would sacrifice their own predilections on these points , rather than hazard the con tinuance of that disagreement which they affect to deplore . This is the clear-sighted view of the matter , taken by the Rev . Mr . Price , who , in a letter to the Leicester Chronicle , Bays : — " If Mr . Biggs can win over the middle classes to the Charter cause , without compromising a particle of true liberty , I for one will gratefully honour him as one of the noblest friends of the working man , and of the united empire . Let Mr . Biggs proceed in his design , but in such away as not to stop others . The first , which may now be called the old Charter , is most probably , rooted in the very souls of hundreds of thoutands

      under five and twenty years of age . ' Such ardent spirits , downright in earnest , might possibb be brought to contemplate , their liberty held five or six years before thair eyes , in abeyance ; and thus , after having , finished one five or seven years' apprenticeship , to look forward to another . But this will now become a severe trial . Mr . Bigga should have come forth somewhat earlier with his amendments , and I am not prepared to say that they are not amendments . * * * Though myself one of the middle classes , and approving of Mr . Biggs ' s amendments , I for the present adhere to the old Charter for two reasons : first , because my main trust , under God , is in the working mea ; and next , because the old Charter is rooted in their heaits . "

      In the same spirit of manly sincerity , the Nonconformist , after stating his objections to the laying down of details at all , for which he thinks the minds of the middle classes yet unprepared , exclaims : — " Nor do we see anything so much more valuable in a twelvemonth's residence , and twenty-five years of age , regarded as pre-requisites of the franchise over six months' residence and twenty-one years of age , as to render an entire change of the principles upon whieh complete suffrage is based , either necessary or justifiable . Were the whole matter talked over now for the first time , we will not aver that "Mr .

      Biggs might not adduce strong arguments why the one set of checks upon the suffrage were . to be preferred to the other . But why , when the ^ othar plan has been some years before the world , when it is based upon intelligible principlea , and when ib affords a guarantee for the fit exercise of the franchise , but an inconsiderable fraction less trustworthy than that proposed by Mr . Bigga—why now , at the commencement of an important movement , the suspicions of working men are to be excited by provisions which , after all , will not allay the fears of the middle classes , is to our mindi , we confess , a question to which we can furnish no satisfactory reply . "

      We confess that had not Mr . Bigos himself furnished it , we should have been aa much at a loss for a reply as our contemporary . Mr . Bigcs has , however , taken great pains not to be mistaken . He has , asv ? e before Baid , stamped dishonesty upon every lineament of his new Charter . His professed object is to produce union with the Chartists . We have already seen enough to shew that that is not his purpose ; and lest we should , by any possibility , mistake him , he begins this crusade for union with a volley ef senseless and scurrilous invective against the Chartist leaders . w The conduct of some of the Chartist leaders has ^ beea strangely inconsiEtent : —with " equal

      Untitled Article

      rights' upon their lips , they have been practically intolerant to all Vwho differed from them ; with a professed sympathy for the millions , they have perpetuated their distresses ; with an avowed hatred of : To ; r ^ 8 ' m ^ they ' ' : tiTe . .. oi 9 ales ^* .- ^ tti-attd : iupported Tories ; with a claim to superior patriotism , they have been practically the worst enemies of civil liberty this country ever saw ; they hate thus alarmed , abused , and vilified those whose assistance was indispensable to their success , and without whose

      concurrence they had not the slightest shadow of a chanoe ; they have alienated friends , strengthened enemies , obstructed practical measures of relief , and have aided to restore that party to the Government , from which they have not the smallest chance of dislodging it;—and yet , with all these merits and performances " full blown , and fresh as May , " affect now to wonder there can be no union between them and the middle classes , when they themselves are the guilty authors of the separation !"

      This is the mild and conciliatory language of a middle-class writer who seeks an union with the Chartists J We don't wonder that the Dissenting Ministers are ashamed of their connection with such aman as thia ; so v ^ ry bungling a workman in cloakmaking ! Not less singularly unfortunate is Mr . Biggs in the consistency of his animadversions on and proposed alterations in the Charter with bis professions of respect and veneration for its principles . He holds : —

      " Tbat the general principles ol the Charter are correct and indisputable ; that they lie at the foundation of all democratic governments ; that they are old as time , immutable as fate , eternal aa the hills , and are at once the pride and birthright of the human race " - ; - . ¦ : / : . , " ¦ " '¦ . , . ¦ ¦ ' ¦¦ . ¦¦¦ . ¦> , ; . - . v ; . W : ; / ; ¦ ¦ And yet two out of the three of his proposed alterations are in the very teeth of those principles , and \ p a third he accords but a very grumbling kind of assent ! The first great principle of tHo Charter i Universal Suffrage , and Sir . Biggs afiirms his cordial belief in this great cardinal principle by proposing an alteration whioh would disfranchise a very large portion of those who now have the suffrage !

      Another great principle of the Charter isyAnnual or Sessional Parliaments—and this principle Mr . Bigcs labours , through a full third Of his document , to upset and quotes numerous authorities to show its mischievous tendency J Another groat principle is the negation of Property qualification . Upon this principle Mr . Biggs says : — " We do not as practical men entirely agree as to the expediency of this proposition , yet , acting upon

      the principle with which we set out , of agreeing in all cases whi re we can without a compromise of our integrity , or honest convictions , we shall not »> m ^ upon any particular property qualification as a . sine qua non . * * But as we apprehend that "'in * this old European world of ours , ' and particularly in our dav and generation , ( other considerations being equal ) men of property would always ba prefer nd , wei leave this clause of the Charter untouched . "

      This is Mr . Big « ' mode of holding that the general principles of the Charter are correct and indisputable ; that they lie at the foundation of all democratic governments | that they are old as time , immutable as fate , eternal as the hills , and are at once the pride and birthright of the human race" ! . . ; .. . ¦• ¦ ; : ¦"¦ , / : . ' ¦¦ . ¦ . ' ¦ ¦ ° . " Really , the thing , after all , is a good joke to laugh at ! And then the "indispensable importance of the middle classes to the Chartists" ! Without

      them the Chartists bave no manner of chanoe ! The Chartor agitation "has signally failed" ! It has been "three years before the public , and is yet no nearer the attainment of its object than at first ! " Good , simple Mr . BiMs ! whence came this " amended Charter" of your ' s 1 How long must we have waited for it , if your friends , the Whiga , bad yet been on the sunny-side of Downing Street , and if the Charter agitation had never risen 1 Answer that ; Schoolmaster ! The Nonconformist is not quite bo astute . He says that the appearance of this "Amended Charter" !

      " Indicates , that the accession of the Tories to power has 'given a mighty impulse to the cause of the people , and that the removal of the Whigs has restored to more than its wonted elasticity the reforming spirit of the present day . Leading own o ( the I middle class are beginning to shake off the lethargy with whiich the opiate of Whig professions had fairly overcome them ; and as , one by one , they are brought round to consciousness by

      the cold water of Tory rule , they discern the amesing difference there is between the airy dreams of stimulated fancy , and the obstinate realities of actual and waking life . We hail their restoration to the ranks , which , for a brief period , and : under a temporary hallucination , they quitted—and we trust the time is not far distant , when the reformers of every class will be again animated with one soul , and march down in one compact and irresistible phalanx upon the common foe . - . : ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ "" ¦ ¦ ¦¦ . ' . ¦ ¦ , - ¦ . ¦ ¦ ¦ ., ¦ . ¦ .

      This is , just what we have always said . Wo always told the people , maugre all the grumbling of some good ^ nartists at our " protory" policy , tbat a bleak view of Downing-Btreet , was the only thing for bringing round the Whigs and making Chartists of them . See how the thing works ! Let this Charter of Mr . Biggs , answer . Let the people but keep true to themselves and their own Charter , as they have hitherto done , and we stake our lives on it that when Mohammed is fairly satisfied that the mountain won't more , he will soon come to the mountain !

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      Mr dear Friends , —You invited me , after my incarceration , to visit your country for the purpose , as your letters stated , of proving that your affection towards me had not abated . In compliance with your wishes , I went to Scotland before I had visited any district of England , and after attending nearly fifty largo meetings I had the heartfelt consolation to find that you were a people worth suffering for , while nothing more increased my affection towards you than tbe hearty response with which my appeals on behalf of my native land were met .

      For seven years I have laboured in England and Scotland in the cause of national liberty ; and although almost exiled from the loved land for which my family have suffered an unprecedented martyrdom , yet have I at all times , out of season and in season , brought * the woes of Ireland before you . When I went amongst you iu 1836 I found you distracted between the undefined tests of O ^ Connell and Durham , as they were called ; and then , for the first time , did I , in person , unite the whole of the working classes in one great national union . My subsequent visits to Scotland have been ; numerous and expensive ; and it was my delight to hold you up in all my speeches and writings aa the stronghold of democracy .

      In October and November last , I say , I attended nearly fifty large public meetings , at each and ail of which the National Petitien was unanimously adopted , while a distinct pledge to assist Ireland in her . struggle for redemption was also carried . During my sojourn , a National Convention of Scottish delegates was spoken of , and , without my knowledge , the good men of Elders ! ey , the birth place of the immortal Wallace , did me the honour to elect me

      as their delegate . Rutherglen followed the example of Eldersley , and by its election strengthened my hands by the increased confidence . While I was in Scotland no opposition , not any , was offered to the National Petition . No amendment was moved to its adoption—all was unanimous , till those , whose duty it was to preserve union , met ia Convention on the third day of January ; and to the proceedings of that body I shall now apply myself .

      I should have written to you on the subject in last week ' s Star , but I preferred waiting till you had the whole of the proceedings before you ; and even now , in consequence of the neglect of my reporter , you are in but very imperfect possession of the facts . Nay , I cannot make head or tail of his infernal trash myself , althorigk I was present . I must now relieve the proceedings from the obscurity

      in which neglect and treactery have enveloped them . On Monday , the 3 rd , the delegates met . I was not present upon that day , and I have . no reason to regret my absence , as I learn that Brewster , the old torment , occupied the whole day in an attempt to sow discord and confusion : he wa 3 baffled , however , by the good sense of the delegates ; Nothing of more , importance than putting down this firebrand occurred on Monday , beyond the very discre-

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      ditable manner in whioh one of the synod of Glasgow procured his election . Brewster said that any four or five persons migbfc elect a delegate ; arid on the iastant off ran Mr . CharjesM'Ewin to a few houses called - ( Sayan , tapped at a few doors , which were opened , and on Tuesday , ; their pious representative , presented his credentials and was admitted ; thus leaving Gatton and Old Sarum in the shade . . ¦ ¦ ' . . . ¦ ¦ .: - ¦ ¦• ¦ . ¦ - ¦ ¦ ¦ ,. ; ¦ ¦ . ¦ • , '¦ ¦ ¦¦ ¦ .. " . ¦ - '

      You shall now hea * how the principle of equal representation , was practically carried but by the Church-Chartist Synod of Glasgow . Fifty-four delegates waa the greatest number that voted , and of these fifty-four Glasgow alone returned seventeen ! Aye , seventeen ! and of those seventeen the following were Whigs—rank Whigs , and compose the Chartist presbytery of Glasgow . M'Far lane , he was Baid to be elected for Montrose , Malcolm , ( for some country district ) , Patteson , Currie , Jack , M'Ewin , Dixon , Cassels , Rodgers , and some other whose name I do not recollect . Now , all these ran about like rats , endeavouring to get a constituency : and I

      am bold to assert that altogether they did not represent 500 of the working classes of any part of the world . Addedto theseiwe had Brewster , and three of his tools chosen by the shopkeepers of Paisley , and a person of the name of Mitchell , elected at a twopenny ticket meeting at Aberdeen , one of the Calton Hill bucks , and subsequently oiie of the •' new move" gentry . Nowj Proudfoot , Ross , Colquhoun , and Meyers , ( tlie treasurer of the Chartist Church ) , as fine a fellow as lives , and myself were also elected for parts of Glasgow , Messrs . Proudfoot and Ross being bound dovw . by the instructions of their constituents ,

      Thus , there were ten Glasgow preachers , all Whigs—not a drop of Chartist blood in their veinsfour Brewsterite 3 and Mitchell , making a total of fifteen ; and will any ma , u in Scotland tell me that the set represent 500 working men ? and yet we had to contend against them . In consequence of M'Douall ' s very excellent letter in last week's Star , I shall be explicit . That letter was written under a misappreheusion . It was written under the impression that the vote of the Synod , by which we were to have had two petitions , remained undisturbed , . while , thanks to Lowery , for a very excellent amendment which rescinded the one of the Synod , we were spared the disgrace of a double petition ; ;

      I shall now lay before you all that happened of importance during Tuesday and Wednesday . On Tuesday Jack moved the rejection of the petition and the adoption of a new petition for Scotland . One of the saints , of course , seconded it , and that firm and noble fellow , John Wallace M'Crea , moved an amendment for the adoption of the petition as it stood . To this Lowery moved another amendment ,, to the effect that all places where the National Petition had been adopted should go on procuring signatures ; and that in future , to prevent disunion , all extraneous matter should be omitted from a National Petition . The

      vote was first taken upon'the amendments , when M'Crea ' s was carried By a large majority . M'Crea ' s amendment and Jack ' s resolution were then put when the numbers were equal , 27 and 27 ; the Chairman having voted , and Rodger who was pledged by hia constituents to support ; the Petition , having refused to vote . In this dilemma the Chairman was called upon to give his casting vote . I , with others protested against this , as he had voted before ; however , he requested five minutes reflection in the vestry room , and at the end of that period , he gave the casting vote against the National Petition .

      Emboldened by their temporary triumph , Patteson , another of the Synod , moved a resolution deprecating all interference with meetings which had for their object the removal of what he termed "infamous monopolies ''— -a most rascally resolution—one calculated to hand us over , bound neck and heels , to the League ; the Synod to a man , with Brewster and his tools and a few who were lobki ng to the PreBbytary for preferment , voted for this ; but we carried an amendment of Lowery ' s , recommending the old course of explaining our principles and taking the vote at all meetings ^ by a sweeping majority .

      On Wednesday morning the committee brought in a new petition for Scotland , and Brewster , who objected to any details , even the mention of Repeal and the Poor Law Amendment Act , opposed it , because there was no mention made of Paisley 1 Now , Scotchmen , what think you of that man ' s brain ? Did I not always tell you that he was " ifa / r . " However to this petition there was some objection , but it passed . ( Continued next weeJc . )

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      TO THE EDITOR OF , THE NORTHERN STAR . : Sir—In justice to those delegates , who , in the late Chartist Convention , supported and voted in favour of the National Petition , I think their names arid votes ought to have been recorded in the reports Bent you by your Glasgow correspondent . I much regret that ' . this has not been done , as I perceive from Dr . M'Douall ' s letter , published in last Saturday ' a Star , some delegates are accused ( and I have good reason to believe justly ) of not voting , who had instructions from their constituents to vote for the Petition .

      Now , as the names of those who acted thus treacherously to their constituents , and , in fact , to their country , are riot mentioned , and lest I may be reckoned among those who objected to the Petition , I beg leave to atate , for the Satisfaction of my English friends , that I supported it to the utmost of my ability ; and on its being rejected by the casung vott ^ ihe chairman , he having voted against it previously , i supported and voted for Mr . Lowery ' s atnendriient . By inserting the above in the Star of next Saturday , you will confer a special favour on Yours very respectfully , Duncan Robertson . Motherwell , Jan . 16 , 1842 ,

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      Brief Rules for the Government of all wh « write for Newspapers . —Write legibly . Make as few erasures and inlsrli ) teaiions its possible In writing names of persons and places be more particular than usual to make every letter distinct and clear—also in using words not English-Write only on one side of the paper . Employ no abbreviatiens \ whatever , but write out every word in full . Address communications not to any particular person , but to "The Editor . " Finally , when you sit down to write * don ' t be in a hurry ; Consider that hurried writing makes slow printing . Horton Reform association . —We have no room for the address ; at all events not this week . Belfast Chartists , — We arc compelled to reserve

      their report till next week . T . S . —The Sheffield Political Institute is ' an isolated . "¦ body , altogether distinct from the Charter Association ; l > ut professing to advocate the same principles and to seek ' the accomplishment of the same object . H . Johnson , Portsea , is not the H Johnson whom we lately designated " rf fool , and something more . " W . Cordevx . —The reports of the York Chartists will be always subjected to precisely the same discretionary process as all other reports sent to this office . We have further to request , that in future they will confine their resolutions to such matters of local or general policy as come properly within their scope , and leave the business affairs of this office to those who have its management ¦ ¦ ' ¦ ¦ ¦

      : . ; . "• . - . - . . . . . . - . " DELPH . —rAe Saidleworth Chartists wish to ask Mr O Connor , through the"medium of the Sur , ifhe can pay them a visit some time soon on his way to or from Leeds . Saddbworlh is in as corrupt a state as London : hundreds of working men wouldg / ad / t )' come forward but for the tyranny of tlieir masters , shopkeepers , and parsons . They return their thanks to the Editor of the Star for his able advoeacy of the rights oflabsur , and to Mr . Penny , of Milk Bridge , for his letters te Mr . St < m $ field . ' ¦ - . Arthur O'Neil , sub Secretary to the Redfearristreet Cliartists , wishes that all communications intended for , ' iim be addressed , for the future , to the care of Mr . James Wheeler 9 j Whittle-street

      , , Manchester . . Bolton . —A U letters and communicntigns to be sent to William Baird , < No . 1 , Flash-street , Bolloh , Lancashire . Persons holding Petition Sheets are requested to bring them in as soon as possible to the rooms in Howell-crdft . H . A . Donaldson . —received . The Chartists of Spittle-gate , Grantham , willplease to write ioMr . J . Sweet ; Goose gate , Nottingham , and state if they canaid their brethren in supportingthe' Convention ^ Joseph Andrews . —the statements of shoemakers ' wages by all means ; but mind and be correctsend not a word which can be disputed . We cannot answer his question !

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      Patt M'Twoultbr- is a sad simpleton . He hadevi * dentl y , as hesetys , bnt lately seen the Northern Star , or he would have known that all his objec' - ¦ "' - ¦ - tions about Corn Law < Repeal have been metjand replied to itiit again and again . " > Kettering C ^ abtists unit see that Dr . M * B 6 uaU '* ' letter has rendered their report unnecessary . General Secretary ' s Address , —Mr . John Campbell , 18 , AdderleystreeU Shaw ' s Brow , Man * - Chester * ' . \ r ¦ ¦¦¦'' : ¦'¦ : '¦ ; : ¦¦ '¦ -: : " ' ¦ ' ¦ . , .. " ' ¦"¦ . ¦ ' : H anle y Chartists complaxn of their brief reports being curtailed . We can assure them that we do it with reluctance , but Have no alternative . We are obliged to curtail all reports as much as possible . If our Hanky friends noere here to see the amount of labour this causes , they < would readily ' believei ' Jhaiice v } mld gladly excuse a por iwnofitifpossilile .:: v ' Hanley Females . —Their address next week .

      Mr . T . Falvey and our Manchester Reporter ~ - We have received a letter from our Manchester Correspondent in reference to the letter of Mr . Falvey noticed in our last , defending the accuracy of his report . As we denied insertion to Mr . Falvey ' s letter \ we do not think it would be fair to insert this . Enough that our reporter affirms his report to be true in every part \ cular and appeals to the audience and the Iccalpress for / forrobqraiion : He has also enclosed extrqets from the Manchester anli Corn Law press , whic& bear out the statements of his letter . Mr . Campbell wislies that some person would forward to him a Northern Star of the 5 th ofOcto-&er , 1839 v All JLetters to be addressed as usual to Mr . Camp' ¦¦ " . bell , Salford , until a further notice appears in the ¦ ¦ Star . - ¦ : ¦ . ; ¦ ¦ . : ' - " . r : -- - : ¦ -.- ¦ - ¦ V " . ¦ v . v ; ¦¦ ¦¦ ' ¦¦ . Support for the ; Executive . —William Fairbum

      writes : —? ' - :. ¦ - . ¦ :. : , ¦ ¦¦ ¦ . ¦ . .. ' ¦¦¦ ¦ -: ¦ ' f'Ifyou will allow me , I will point out a plan to the Chartists of England whereby they may raise a fund - ' , - not only for the Executiye , but also for the Executiye to be able to employ something like fifty able lecturers for this country , namely : "Ehere is 300 Chartist Associations , and by each Association getting up a tea party arid ball once in six months , the proceeds , after paying the expences , to go to the fund , arid , with good management , it could be made to bring upwards of : £ 300 . The Executive to pay 5 s . per week to each lecturer , and the asso ciations reckoning six places , one for each night , ( and Sunday aa a rest day ) to pay 2 a . 6 d . to the lecturer , wfcioh Would riiake his wages il per week . By bo dding , ; it ; would be th « means o { spreading our principles in places wkere they are unknown . Then there would be the additional

      members which would be ; got , and the cards of numbership , being paid for regularly every month , . would enable the Execntive to go on with their , good work ; which would strike terror to the oppressors of the working milllona . —The Cbar" tists of Wednesbury intend to get up a tea party and ball shortly , for the benefit of the Executive : and they hope that the above plan will be acted upon by all the Chartists of England . " Plan for the sdpport of the Executive , and thb Cause Generally . —^ A Factory Youth propsses the following plan : — ' ¦ 'Let the Association rooms be opened two nights per week , or on . Sundays if more convenient , for the purpose of teaching reading , writing , accounts , Sec , and let

      two , or more , competent persons be appointed lip the Association to each room as teachers , who may be changed quarterly , or otherwise , and whose services must be performed gratis- ^ -each pupil to pay one penny per night . There are thousands of yeuhgpersons who , like myself ± are confined in the factories during the day , that would be glad to see such a plan established for their moral and intellectual improvement .- I would strongly recommend the above to the consideration of those who are in the habit of meetin at the public rhouses . Let them immediately take rooms , and commence supporting the Executive arid the cause generally according to the above plan , which will at the same time be the

      means of spreading sound information amsngst the rising generation ^ -a subject which ought to be kept in view by every real philanthropic mind . But , setting aside the moral and intellectual vieto of the effect which such a plan is calculated to produce ^ let its see what would be the effect of it in another point of ' view v if only partially carried out . Suppose that out of the 300 towns which at present compose the Association , only 150 could be induced to put the plan into operation , and the attendance of pupils was , upon an average , thirty-six at each room ; then thirty-si * at one penny each night , would raise 6 s .

      for the two nights per week , and that multiplied by 150 would produce a weekly sum of £ 15 , which is equal to the weekly contributions of I ® Mb members ! arid that carried forward would , in a year ' s time , produce the iiim of £ 2 , 34011 With mch , a sum at the disposal of the Chartist , body , could nothing be done ? Unhappy Ireland : might have missionaries sent over to her , and her long-deluded sons might be made to see their true interests ; in short , a steady fire might be kept up on the citadel of corruption ^ which would speedily compel its factious occupants to surrender ? ' . - :

      Chartist Tokens of Honour . —A Porreponden writes thus : — ¦"¦ .. ¦¦ " *¦ ;¦ ; - ' - ; - ' \ ' . ¦!• ' ¦¦ " Some time ago I observed in the valuable paper of which you are the Editor a few lines on the subject of presenting every Chartist who was suffering ia prison at that time , for his advocacy of the good cause ; with a Medal , inscribed with his name , the date of hia arrest , sentence , name of the Judge , &c , to serve as a token of gratitude to himself , as well as to be worn on public eccasioDS , and be an heirloom to his family . : ¦¦ / . ' ' - ¦ ¦ : :- ¦ ; . " Now , Sir , I . know not how this agreeable proposition fell to the ground ; but it appears it is forgotten , and perhaps it was laid aside > for lack of funds to ' . carry it out ' , .: ¦ ¦•' . ¦ ¦¦ " ¦'¦ : : : ¦ "¦ ¦ :. '¦¦'' . ' ¦ .: ' . . .

      " But just at this time , when the Executive is sadly in . - warit of the means of pursuing their bject , I think a goodly sum might beraised by \ having * oo ^ medals of the above description , and eaeh individual to pay for bisown . Then there might be some use for the tricolour of the ; ' Woolwich Cadet , * as they would surely pay for their own , as well as Fear * gu 8 ' s ; and if any proat remained ; letit go to the ¦ Executive . . ' . ; '¦ y y . y ' y ' - ' - ; : ¦ :- ' ¦ . ¦ , " Surely the high-minded and intelligent individuals . who were incarcerated would be' proud to per . petuate their names amongst their progeny , and the cause of which they were the advocates : and I feel Batiflfled the heroic Feargus would endeavour to see the object carried out on a scale worthy its

      importance , particularly as he has lived to see bis own in circulation , nnd coveted by every lover of liberty . ^ I would respectfully suggest , then , that steps be taken to carry out this desirable object , by the appointment of a Committee , or some other expeditious method , if only to aid the Executive . ' . 'Hoping this proposal may meet your approbation and the public eye , as well as the proposition of our intelligent friend at Chichester ; " I remain , Sir , " A lover of equality , and ' One of the Sufferers . " " P . S . There would be no need for a head on the medal , an emblem of Freedom would answer quite as welL- . ' .. ' - ¦ : ¦¦ " .-. - , ¦ ¦ •¦ . V ' . . ¦ ¦ ¦ '¦ ••• ¦ . •¦¦ ¦ ¦ - ; ¦

      BiSLEY . —Distribution of the Funds of the Manufactureks' Relief Committee . —A correspondent , who signs "Abel D . Cook '' and who states himself ready to prove his assertions on oath , writes us \ that the portion of the funds of the Manufacturers Relief Committee sent to Bisley , is being shamefully misapplied ; that a system of favouritism , and exclusion is carried ¦ oniniti ' distribution , which , iftrue , isabominable . He says : — ! V "OnThursday , December 3 a , 1841 , a person who has been left dest-. tute by the death of an only parent , applied for some ' .. relief- ' -from this fund , but wa « refused ; the alleged reason being that she kept a Chartist lodger in her house , and that as long as she kept him she should have no relief , though the parties knew that she had no other dependence . Another person was refused , because he had made

      and mended shoes for the said Chartist ; and permitted him to frequent his house : this being given as the only reason for refusing relief . Other persons , who are actually starvirg for want of the common necessaries of life , have been refused relief . upon equally frivolous grounds : some be < ause they had parish relief , to the extraordinary amount of one shilling per week—although their order is to distribute this money without regard to the parish : others ^ because they vfent to chapel , &c ., &e . ; while some persons who are " well to do in the world " have received relief . One person who has a large sum of money deposited in the bank , and an extensive business , has been relieved with a quantity of coal . Another person , who has constant employ , earning on the average 30 & per week , had some coal given him . And another person , with constant employ , and property enougk to keep him , bat also receiyed part of this charity . "

      Of course we cannot know whether the facts be a * here stated : we only know that if they be 'UM abominable . ¦ : " ¦ ¦¦' .. '¦ : . , ; SKiFTON Corn Law Meeting . —Afr . Knowtes , cf Keighley , sends us an account of a pwral-foree ¦ ^ anti-Corn Law meeting at Skipton , at which . Messrs . Dr . Smiles and Councillor Moore were the "limls , " and where the writer , wishing to discuss the question , was seised by the throaty thrown from the platform into the body of the meeting , arid ultimately pitched down stairs , and ¦ ¦

      taken away insensible ; but he does not say when the meeting was held . A . C—The proprietor of the Weekly Dispatch »« AldermanHdrmer . Legal QvEaTioxs ^ Severaief these have come to us lately . We can do nothing with them . Mr . 0 "C is not here : and if we , who have riot profes-- ¦ sionally studied the law , should advise , we might do more mischief than we could repair , i . e ., if our advice were acted on . John Kelsey . —The list was inserted jwt as we rgceived ic .

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      4 l ; THE NORTHERN STAR .

      To Th% Chartists Of Scotland.

      TO TH % CHARTISTS OF SCOTLAND .

      The Scottish Convention Vote.

      THE SCOTTISH CONVENTION VOTE .

      Co Aaeatwrtf Antr Covrcj&Wmtotttg

      Co aaeatwrtf antr Covrcj&wmtotttg

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Jan. 22, 1842, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct738/page/4/