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Northern Star (1837-1852), 14th December 1844, Edition 3 of 4, Page 1, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      Mr Tzxbs&s , —Ko cimrm 6 tanee Ii 2 s so much convinced to the imporenskment of your order as tiie jtresponSLbHity accorded to governments snd eapi jaJists in all matters concerning tie employment oi labour by IMtimsian pMlosopliers acd-political eco _ ucmisxs . WieneTer an assault is to be m 2 de upon ^ he rages of the / vrotkine Tnar>—for hot to talk of Ms jremainiiig riglits and privileges la a farce—xhe latrls passage t * lie kovel is ahvs . j-3 pioneered by saine soodestared professing iriend } . Trho sees in yonr habits and mode of life , rather than in the la-srs inequality or the employer ' s capidhy , all those obstructions which

      Stand in the poor man ' s road : in short , that , but for themselves , paradise , in the Trords of Mr . Etzler , is ¦ jsilhin the reach , of all There is an assumed sympathy and candour in the -srrltinffs of those Trio undertake the championship of labour -which hare their intended effect upon " all elasses of society—even upon a large portion x > f the -working classes themselves The masters -who profess the largest amount of sympathy towards the employed , justify ¦ theirred uetion of the poor man ' s -wages upon the feasible pretext that more ihnn mere competency leads to the dissipation of a Isrse portion of that amount -which , if expended

      et-od necessary articles , -would be ample for the snpport of a family—nay , leave a surplus for hoarding . Bence -we find the Messrs . Chambers , upon whose damnable doctrine I am _ n ( m about to comment , stoutly contending that the greatest amount of comfort is an Inevitable cousequerice of the reduction of -wages to that standard out of -which a pinching existence mar be eked ; and that all beyond that mere existence point is an eviL As the Messrs . Chambers have contrived to aTnnss a Terr large fortune out of the pence of the

      labouring classes , their recent brutal attack on their trs ? n orderisinperfect keeping -with thai re turn -which lie -working classes are in the habit of receiving at the hands of those -whom they lave raised from poverty to affluence ; "while the blow aimed at labour , through the lamented improvidence and dissipation of the labourer , >> a ^ an appearance of candour "which , bat for the bo-w justly entertained suspicion of the employed , -would lead many to the belief that the Messrs . Chambers had rightly stated the case of their clients , and properly assigned the causes of their

      dis-. In speaking of a candid iriend , ilr . Canning described the value of such advocacy in the following lines : — GiTr me die arc-Tved , the erect , the maah foe ; Buid 1 can meet , perhaps maj Torn Ms blow : Bje of all plagues , rood Etaies , Thy xrraih can send , Sate , sa . v = —0 save me from a eandlii rriend : " 5 o say I : and give me a thousand times over the avowed andmanlv declaration of Alderman

      Brooke—* ' The Lord love ye , -we are all for ourselves m this t * T > rld" —in preference To the candour of the Messrs . Chambers , -who , "with mock sentimentality and affected sympathy , tell us eandidly , that that labour is honourable labour -which has amassed , £ 90 , WO by reducing ¦ stages to the standard that -will enable the employer to meet all the hazards , liabilities , and fluenmions of foreign and domestic competition . Lest 1 may appear to over-state or to mis-state the case , 1 shall give you t : " lessrs . Chambers own Trords . Thev sav ;—

      Th ~ - I'plijatiou to ieep xss place zn tie market , ransc-s zh ~ ^ aaaoiacttrrer 10 git-e as lirde a * h = can . His feelings t . rtibablv -svould induce r , irn to grv e tverv one a high p age ; but ?> " * is a mailer of business , no : of feeling . He .-- ^ ti 02 I J give the wages -which his ui . icl-:- its—that is , hi > i-vmpeniurs—give . If all other mancfacrnrers offer a ¦ ff&rbian , such as " yourself , 2 ' j- * . a wtek , then I cannot jrlv ~ -rr * r-w -c T- * 1 were * o : riv— too more , axtd anotiier zr ; ur =, as J so oil , I could not mair-iiacture so cheaply , il v proSt =. and probably more ih £ 2 my profits , -would be all pirea at ^ 2 T . Xo man in hi = senses Trill do such a thine . ' X ' on ' r \ i > n set they are all compeiing asainst each other . They try to sore ofFeTexy ireir- of expenditure , and -wages - ¦ tt */ tt ? ^ xtr- 3 " ± St- ..

      . Novr irhat does the reader think of that r and coining from one of Labour ' s friends too I I can very readily believe thai feeling hm nothing to do with the question , and that all is matter of business , even -rath Messrs . Chambers . A long standing puzzle i-. isoTre-er , solved hy the above admission . Alany person * -were at a loss to- understand how the English mann . fac-mrers have been enabled 10 amass large fortunes simultaneously -with the existence of the poverty of that tiiss -whose labour , -we are told , constitutes from 45 to P 9 ver cent , of the value of the manufactured articles in -srhieb thev deal , and from the trainc in

      ifiiich they have become inordinately and dangerously rich , as if by magic . The problem is now solved , ho-wever . The Messrs . Chambers have opened our eves , and Lutc relieved U 3 from all astonishment . From the above paragraph , taken in connection irith many other ii ^ sages of the Mt == srs . Chambers" eandid defecc-e of the -working classes , we learn that the honourable labour of the capitalist , which is accompanied by so much anxiety and ineuiai torture , cons ists hi the arithmetical solution . ~ ~ to how far Josses may be sustained upon all otliL-r niateriais used in tt £ HTHactured anicles , and still a bainnc-e may 1 » left in faTimr nt tbp TnftTmfarTurLT bv a reduetion of

      wages . I prej-urae the calculation is made soiae-Riiat after the following fashion : —If £ 2 U , yC » u capital , with an eipendiuire of £ 3 , 6 i < J in labour—that is , seventy hands at XI a-week each—give 12 per cent , profii , yrhbi will be the profit upon the £ 2 ' ) , wO if the rate of wages is reduced to 15 s . a--week ? Ans ^ wer—16 § per cent , or £ 910 stolen from the seventy men ; that is , £ 13 a-head per Tear—an ample sum to make each independent of the Poor La-w bastile , charity

      -washin 2 , charitv exercise , and charity schools . It is not too much to presume that the parties—although Mr . Chambers stoutly denies the existence of partner ship , whose money-capiial and labour-capital are so closely -welded tip together , should have something like a united interest ; but it is rather anomalous , strange , and unjust indeed , that the owner of the capital of £ 1 should make all the calculation , keep all the books , and balance all the accounts , as to how he mav be rendered secure from risk , danger ,

      and liability , insuring his prohts irom a reauetion m the value of the £ 99 in the labour . Messrs . Chambers set their faces most unequivoeally against labour combinations ; "while we discover from the above passage that the poverty of the work , men is not , as their advocate would make us believe a consequence of their o-wn excesses , improvidence , and dissipation , but a consequence of a combination of competitors , -who , although not associated

      together , are combined by the tie of Interest , and governed , not even by general rules -which all should obey , but regulated , as he candidiy confesses , by that rale of action laid dowifb y the greatest scre-w amongst the competitors . Thus , if A is one of Mr . "Smith's class of 500 cotton spinners , and if he , -with less 11 > G / 7 and a better eye to " business , " thinks proper to reduce the wages of his hands , Mr . Smith " and the other 493 eombinators , always ready to

      sacrifice " feeling "to " business , are compelled folkrw A ' s example : for -we never find them combining -with the men to resist the reduction of A . The judges of the Jand have hud down the law of conspiraz-y ' to mean , that if 30 , D 00 persons have combined for the same purpose , that any two of those , or the whole 10 , 000 , consisting of two ' s in 5 , 000 different places , however far apart , and though they nejer met or corresponded , nevertheless are all conspirators in an equal degree . 3 have no hesitation , then , in asserting that Mr . Smith and his class are conspirators , associated together for one common object , and that object is the plunder of the labouring classes ; and the Chambers ' s of Edinburgh are Attorney and Solicitor-General to the conspirators .

      As this tract of the Chambers' is the most villanous , insidious , and unchristian that has ever yet been pub lished , I am determined not to leave a page , passage , sentence , line , or word in it unanswered . Hitherto , Mr . Chambers has been the bottle-holder of Ms friend 2 &r . Smith while he has been training against a Mnd of annznmy , Mr . Jackson . I have this week unrolled the mummy , aiidbreathedalittle life into his nostrils ; and before 1 close my commentaary , buffer Smith , and the mtmnny Jackson , shall have changed ' plaees . Pamphlets , « ming from such ' quarters , are Tery flangewras , if unheeded and unanswered . la 1841 , &e Leagae set -op UieHon . and Bst . Baptist Noel as

      Untitled Article

      the sympathiser and friend of the poor . He vrotea ran quantity of n . bM .-h , with which he nikoi ! up ^ vast quantity of seir . lim-iitality . His trash wa- » placcd in the hands of almost every working man . I an . sTered it from my solitary dungeon , when no other hand was raised for the defence of Labour , and the consequence was , that all who possessed the trash consigned it to the flames "; whereas , had it remained unanswered , it would have had the effect of strengthen ins the hands of capital , and of paralysing the nerves of labour . This week 1 have written the first portion of my reply to Messrs . Chambers' candid defence of

      the working classes , and I shall continue the subject until I compel them to retract their "damnable doctrine , " or lessen their amount of Income-tax , paid by gleanings from that Labour of which they are now the most selfisb and deadly enemies . In the sixth page of this week ' s Star you will see the beginnins and in each successive number you will see the continuation to the close . And for your own sakes , not for mine , I ask you , if you pass over all else , to read my reply aloud at your several associations , and to keep your papers as a record of my unflinching support of your order . Tour faithful and watchful friend , Feargcs O'Coy \ oR .

      Untitled Article

      FRANCE . Lons PniLiPFE " at Home . "—( From ov . r own Ci- > --T- --spoif 1 < i \ t . ) —In the y < 'tiunal of the Sth inst ., tinfollowing instaiico of lejral brutality is recorded . Your readers may not , perhaps , be aware of the strictness of the police r- ^ imi in relation to prostitutes , who are c-omt > elled to be mrularly licensed , and take up their abod * e in a given quarter . They must also submit to periodic ^ xaminatious br surgeons duly authorized and appoint < .-d for that purpose . The following account shows the animus of monstrosity , in a i-itizt-n Kinsr , and how a ¦ 'declaration of rights ' " so justly celebrated can l > e twisted to the mo ? t despotic-ends . It is , however , of a piece with the rest , i ' iii- Fiviu-h papers have been lilied with accounts of-svorkine men

      arrested and condemned to heavy penalties , with absrtlnte ruin and deirradation , i ' merely asking j > t-r-Diisslon to assemble for the discussion of trade interests JM'd trade grievr . nces . or thrown into gaol for several month * , and then released , without trial , tor being si 2 > pected of a combination . Thousands in France have and are now being ruined by > neh acts , so perfect L > the machinery of espoinage . And yet , in broad daylight , ^ : < : me five or six Wnds of well-orjrauized rvbWrs arv prowline about Paris , robbiiie and n 3 urderin £ r > 'v <> i-y where , throwing the town intosueha panic that juries are almost afraid to find them < ruilty , and witne > se ? t-un i > e procured on ' y wit !) the greatest difficulty to appear against them . This is the domestic policy ui Louis 1 hil 5 pj »? the " Napoleon of Peace . " Let y .. ur

      readers ponder - > vt » r these facts , and then , taking u | - Messrs . Chaml < -rs '< " I ' seful and Entertainhv . ; '" Tracts , No . 1 , give their fair verdict on that nieml . icifru < piece of liumbiiL ' - l > ut to our facts : —" 'Ji . vr ' . are ca > e < wh ^ re denunciation becomes not <> nh honourable and leritimate . but a rigourous dniy : -alien raising the voit-c on lx ? lialf of oppressed pf » or , au appeal is made to the tribunal of public opinion , to e 3 q > ose the odiou < abu < e of an authority exi > tiuu only Tlu- protection « 'f innocence and morality . The deed tiiat we are about to narrate , established in a piiblitcourt , took plaee under the eyes of an iwliimam jk-ople , and if -we withhold the names , it is not out ol mrar > l for the iruilty functionary , t'ui in respect lor the vi < iini . linrins the iiivcstiration of a 3 > oli < -e ca-e on th » - 27 tb Nov . last , it wa > proved that a cr > mmis < nn

      of jiiilice of one of the three eonsoli « iatvil eourmune .-, under the influence of some vague suspicions , ha-: caused a yonni . ' iriri . only iburteen y . ^ ir ? of a : re , to !/•? taken from her parental abode , and conveyed to th « - cabinet *» f a surceon , where . < pite ot her tears anil jiniu ^ tatirms . he f-au < ed hpr to undergo a per-onal examinatiw :. ' ^ reat wa « the emotion of the auditory when ih ? v <; unc victim deposed lo this msunn-i- <» i arhitrary brutality , -while her recital , l > e < nTn wi '» ii ^ n ! i > , was at length totally inaudible by the violence oi" her f' -elicirs , an « i the emotion of the ; ruilhory arose lo tb « - hurhe-1 pitoi i > f indip : atiun , when the sunjei . n . a < ide < l his testimony tbut the innocence of tin- victim i \ a > proved by the very act that ro ' i » i > eil her of lit-r character and virtue . Her family is poor and hence unable to enforee that reparation which even witjj

      money i < so little likely to be obtained with > u <} . court * of justice as Franee can boast of , with > ui-i : juries , and , last of all , against a commissary of police . An outrage > o ri : urniiit on the liberty of the sulyi-c-i an att'Tnpt -o odious , we must sny . not oiiiy 0 : 1 the mt-st > anvfi right , but on that holy anii eternal feelin ; : of modesty , the more invaluable to tlit dausrJiter of Mirh r-criple . berau > e h i > )> -r all—tlii > outfit not to pa » unpunished and triumphant . We know ui-t w } $ at prc-icxts will lx > aUeiret ! to justify ; . functionary in an act s / i culpable , but what reaj . eti , what contidence . can authority inspire , while it rvmnins hi fiis haa « l = ' . What family , with < ach hii example >> efore them , will not tremble for its dt ^ iv-t int' -rvsts . ami u > r it * m ' > t intimate relations I

      T . B . S . Dreadful Fiee is Paris . —At three oYlock on Soindav niornici ; a nre -w . ls observed to break- o ; it at No . 23 , Kue t ailt-t . which presented a most _ ; darrainir appearance . M . Gore , the commissary of jiolic-e of the district , immediately proceeded to the spot , and "having pr' : > eure < l the assistance of a detachment ol the 47 th resrimest , vrLo were < juartered in the neighbourhood , every effort was made to arrest the protrress of the flames . Their exertions , however , were unavailing , and the fire , after having consumed tb < - upper part of the house , penetrated into the vast wine stores of 31 . Buhner , situated on the groundfloor . M . Buhner had barely time to save his papers and account-books . The efforts of the firemen were confined to the preservation of the adjoining Louses , but , not-svithsuinding their exertions , _ the fira extended to some of the adiacent dwellings .

      At nine o ' clock , as one party of the firemen , esiiausted with fatigue , had been relieved by a party from the Rue Vieux Colombier , a fresh disaster added to the calamity . A wall Ml out into the street , and crushed several persons . The dead body of a fireman was withdrawn from the ruins , together with ten wounded , two of whom shortly afterwards expired . A Municipal Guard had his foot cru-bed , and several persons of the neighbourhood , who had exerted themselves most heroically , were more or less -wounded . The parish priest of the church of Notre Itoe de Lorette , who attended at the scene of desolation with one of his curates , shared the dangers of the humblest mechanic , and escaped a certain death by almost a miracle . M . You , the commissary of police , and the colonel of the 47 th regiment , were likewise exposed to imminent danger . At two o ' clock the fircmen ' at lenjrth became masters

      of tlie fire , but it -was found necessary to continue to pump -cvater on th- smokins embers during the night . The damage is estimated at SW . OlX'f . i £ 12 , Od !)) .

      SPAIN . TheRxigs of Terror . —Letters from Spain of the 1 st inst confirm the reported execution of Feliciano Zurbano , the eldest son of General Zurbano , who vras shot as Logrono on the 2 Sth , along -with Captajn Baltanas . Zurbano ' s secretary , and a third person , whose name is not mentioned . General Prun had arrived at Cordova , and was sent from thence by sea to Cadiz , where he will be imprisoned uuul it suits the convenience of his persecutors to send him to the Mariana Islands . His unhappy mother had arrived foun

      in Madrid to demand mercy ; but in Spain the - tains of nierey have run dry . and the heartless personage who now wields the real power ofSnam zeeios to have no feeling of compassion left for the ieehngs of anv mother whose children are legitimat e . The mother of General Prim has been refused access to the two Queens , and it appears that her prayers will be unheard and unanswered , although the poor boon ¦ w hich she asks is only to have the place ol her son s banishment changed from the murderous climate Oi the Mariana islands to the almost equally iatal climate of Porto Puco or the Havanna .

      Mabkid , Pxc . 3 . —The Gaxftu publishes a despatch from the Captain-General of Burgos , giving an account of the execution of the second son of General Zurbano , Don Feh' ciano ; of Captain Balkno ? , and Francisco Hervias , a manufacturer of Ezcaray . 1 be LotTono correspondent of the Eco del Conimerno writes that the house of Zurbano had been razed to the eround , his furniture burned , and his horses and cattle destroved . The ten men of his band who voluntarilv surrendered , have been sentenced respec tively to six or ten years' confinement in P ^ ndtos Colonel Ortega , Aid-ue-Camp of General ftm ^ had been sent off under an escort to Cadiz , whence he was to be transported to the Havannah . The Polish General TLomerino was arrestd the day before yesterday . He connived to baffle the pdbo . and sneceed in escaping . It is said he is concealed somewhere in Madrid . Several Frenchmen have also been arrested .

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      PORTUGAL . Lisbon , Dec . 3 . —The municipal elections throughout the country have been generally earned by Ministerial candidates , and the means employed appear to have been of the most effectual kind to secure success in a nation of employees—fraud , force , and intimidation . BELGIUM . BRrssELs , Dec . 7 . —The navigation of all the canals in Belgium is interrupted by the frost . This morning a man was found frozen to death in a field at brussels . Dec . 8 . —The thermometer is at present 11 degrees Below zero— $ J of Reaumur . The canals are all frozen over . The steamers between Rotterdam and Antwerp could not run during the last few da vs .

      SWITZERLAND . ISETRR-ECTION -ViAIXST THE JesVITS . —The ConstitUtionnd publishes the following from its correspondent at Berne , dated the . > th : — " The imprudent decision by which the Grand Council of Lucerne has sauetioued the encouragement of the Jesuits incite of the popular repugnance , begins _ to bear fruit . The Government of Lucerne , disliked by the great majority of the population , particularly in the chief town , is " obliged , in order to get itself obeyed , to have recourse to violent means , which , if they are not crowned with a prompt success , will only vender its position more critical , if they do not cause its complete overthrow . Already the first act of the Jesuitical drama has just been played . According to information received tlffe morning , an insurrection has burst out at Willisau , a

      little town six leagues from the capital . The government had ordered the Prefect to arrest some men of the place known for their opposition to the Jesuits . f > ne hundred men of the line were called out to give assistance to the authorities , but when the commanding officer wished to proceed to execute the warrant , the people raised a riot , and opposed so strong a resistance , that the oth ' eer ordered the troops to Tire on the mob . But the soldiers , far from complying , took part with the people . At the present moment , the insurrection threatens to extend to other localities , even to the capital itself , where the greater number of the superior officer ^ are hostile to the government , on account of its predilection for the Jesuits . Such are the scenes brought on by the proceedings of the reverend fathers to force themselves on a population bv whom thev are detested . ''

      Letters from Borne , of the Oth instant , state that , on receiving intelligence of the revolt at AYillisa , the ' ' ouncil of State of the canton had assembled , and instantly gave orders to three battalions of infantry , three companies of carabineers , two of artillery , ami a squadron of cavalry , to inarch to the frontier of the eanton of Lucerne . It was inferred , from the : ulo ] ition of this measure , that the Government of Benx intended to support the opposition to the Jesuitical ; -arfy at Lucerne , and avense itself for the moral defeat which it had experienced in May last , during the anti-radical reaction in the Valais . On the tith . the troops had already commenced their march . Jt was apprehended that a collision would take place in the town of Lucerne : the Council of State had deelareil itself ? n i " 'r » ini , mre , anil only relied , for the suppression of the revolt , on the inhabitants of the section o ) Kusswyl , who had offered their services to defend the Government .

      "VYE ^ T 1 N 1 ) 1 ES . ^ omiAMPTON , Dec . 12 . —The Royal Mail Company ' s steam-ship Avon , Captain Strutt . amved here at ten o ' clock this , day , bringing all the West Indian , « tc , mails . Loss op Tin : Acr . uox . —We are sorry to record the total loss of the Actscon steam-shin , hclongfing to the Royal NLiil Company , which took place on the morning i > f the 20 tb ot" October , under the following circumstances : —She was voiunling the Punta Canoa , at eight in the morning , tin Popa or high land within the city l > eing S . S . 'K . Tin-Arta'on stevrini . ' south , > truck at *" ¦}» , upon a sunken

      rock , supposed to Ix- the Negrillo , but which , acinrdii :-, ' to the chart , should have l > een nearer the land than the ship then : wn > . Immediately she struck , the captain , with the view of lightening her , ordered tiie boilers to be blown off , but without effect till thirty minutes afterwards . A swell of the sea th < -n lifted * her off , when it > oon became evident that , in spite of every exertion , she could not be kept Ions : illoat . Sail was then made to force her on shore , or into shallow water . Precisely , however , at twenty minutes past eleven she went down in six and a hail hzhvm . i of -wafer . AU hnnds were wived in rbe Injats , and landed at Cart ha gen a . nine miles from the » .-eii < j of the wreck .

      THE CHERoKEkIS , - * NATION Or ISDJA . N FREEMKS A LESSON A . ND EXAMPLE FOR THE CH JLJSKI ) . SLAVES OP EVROrE . OOVO . SHt : NT OF TIIK CUEH . OE . Et NAWUN . ( J-rom t ! ,.- t' / uruVre AilooMU . ) Th < - remo \ al of the ' prvat mass of the Cherokee people from their " beloved lanil , " now jiartitiontii b . iwi-n tli--•• tates of 'ivoi- ^ , Nurtii t ' arulina . Alabama , ami Tenn < -ssefc , was forcibly vtr >* c-ti"l In the Vuiti-d staus . in Isib , mdc-r circumstances of alni ( - » t unparalk-li'd hardship ,

      • i" ; sease . and * uflVriJi ? . In the sucivedinjr viar tln-y ar-:. ' t-d in tin- present Cherokee country , entered into un act of union v . itli tlK ^ c of iheir brothers wli . j liaj prcc < - < ied them hither , some i > v many years , and mutually adapted , under th « - " s : yle and title of the Cherolu-c > a'i jn , " their mutual govt-riniient . Of this jrovenmient « i ] ir .-s « r ! it non a syn > jp-i * , i ; it-ljiiint : to follow it shortly wi'li tlie tiinstitution and law- in full . Tlic government of t ;; " I'licrokee nation is republican , anil i ? nimpoM-d ^ f tlie ex « - -.-u-tive , h'jrislalive , and tlie juili' al departments .

      The executive departn . eiit consist ? ol a pruiripal chiel , an assisiaut principal chief , and an executive council " 1 livf members . Thr j- irint-ipal ami assistant chiefs arc tleetfd once in i \ ciy four years , by a majority of the qna-ILri .-d voters of the nation ; every sane male Cliei- y ker citizen , who has attained the age of eighteen years , being entitled to a vote . It is the duty of the principal chief to - < -e that the laws are regularly enforced , and to discharge those functions usually vested in an executive head . He is empowered with the veto , and the power of pardoning persons convicted and sentenced to punishment for capital crimes , under certain restrictions . The legislative department consists of tbe national committee and the council—each of the eight districts into which the nation

      is divided being represented by two members in the former branch , and three in tile latter . These members are elected in the same manner as the chiefs , once every two years . They meet annually at Talilequah , on the first Monday in Oclobtr , in general council , to legislate upon the general affairs of the nation . No bill can become a laiv until it has received the concurrence of both branches of the national council , and the approval of the principal chief . In case the principal chief disapproves of any bill which has passed the national council , he returns it , with his objections ia writing , to the body in which it originated . A vote of two-thirds of the members of the national council is necessary to make any bill a law , the passage of which has been objected to by the principal chief .

      The powers of the national committee and the council are the same , tixcept in eases of impeachment , and appropriations of money . All appropriations originate in the council , but are subject to approval , modification , or rejection by the national committee . Impeachment for violation or neglect of duty may be tendered by the council against any public ofhevr of the nation . The national committee then becomes a speciaUv constituted court for the trial of such case . Mombers ' of the national council receive for their services a per diem of three dollars while they are in session . The judiciary is divided into the supreme , the circuit , and the district courts , whose respective duties and jurisdiction are claariv defined bylaw . The supreme court consists of a chief justice and four associates , the circuit court of

      a judge for each of the two judicial circuits into which the nation is divided , and the district court of a judge for each of the eig ht districts . All judges are elected by a joint vote of the committee and council . The supreme judges hold their seats for the term of four years , the circuit two jears , and tlie district one year . The first receive a per diem of five dollars while engaged in holding court , the second " 250 dollars per annum , and the last 100 dollars . In addition to these ofiicers , there is also a sheriff for each district , who is elected by the voters of his district every two . years , and who receives for Ms services a salary of 200 dollars per annum . The right of trial by an impartial jury of bis countrymen , and of being confronted face to face bj his accusers and witnestes , and of legal advice , is secured to every person amenable to , and charged with an infraction of , the laws of the Cherokee nation . The laws of the Cherokees are not sanguinary nor unnecessarily severe ; murder and treason being the onlv crimes punishable with death . Thefts , arson , and Debts recoverable

      similar offences with stripes . are by law . The property of the - ife cannot be soid without her consent to satisfy the , <' .-bts contracted by her husband , and rice versa . The herokees have no sjstem ot taxation . All expenses at : .: ding the administration of their public affairs are defra ; t d out of annuities received from the United States . Tin public funds of the nation are placed in the hands of a national treasurer , who gives bond and good security for their safe keeping arid disbursement according to law . Before the national treasurer can pay out any funds intrusted to bis care , on any account whatever , an appropriation authorizing him to do so must be first made by the national council , by special enactment , and a warrant be issnea thereon by the principal chief . AH persons holding office -under the executive , legislative , and judicial departments of the government of the nation , are required , before entering upon the discharge of their duties , " to take oath to support and defend itB constitution and hvws .

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      GB * VND SOIREE IN HONOUR OF Till ; -REMOVAL OF THE NORTHEn . X STAR TO LONDON . This . festival , which for the last two or three weeks has excited so laudi interest among the Democrats of the Metropolis , " came off" on Tuesday night last , December 10 th , at the Litorary and Scientific Institution , John-street , Tottenham Court Road , and hilly realized the anticipations of its promoters . We nave attended ; many similar entertainments ; but never one that exceeded the exhibition of pure and patriotic enthusiasm manifested by all parties — speakers and hearers , —us on this interesting occasion . I here was but one drawback to the pleasures of the evening , namely , the unavoidable absence of Mr liobson , who wan compelled , though very reluctantly to be absent from London at the time ; his domestic arrangements rendering it imperative that he should be in Leeds oiv the night of the festivalfinally

      , arranging the removal of his household to town . . i s ? : a ^ scnce M " much regretted . At six o ' clock the doors were opened , and the I ? n ? r . sP ^ edi ] y nllotl - About seven o ' clock Mr . O Connor arrived , accompanied by several private friends , who throughout the evening seemed greatly interested in , and much grati 6 ed bv the proceedings . Mr . O'Connor ' s ; appearance was hailed with a burst of enthusiasm . In consequence of a much greater number taking tea than had been anticipated , tea hao" to be served up at two different th ' iies , winch necessarily protracted the commencement of the mental portion of the evening ' s proceedings to a later hour than had . been intended . Previous to the chair being taken , Miss Deither , the organist of the establishment , played several pieces on the fine organ which is so remarkable a feature of the Johnstreot Institution . Her perfoi-mauce elicited wann applause .

      We should state that a considerable number present , were from Greenwich and other places in the neighbourhood of London . We observed- several of the old patriots , some of whom have not been with us since Js ; J 9 ; whilst : the immense number of the fair sev present , attests the interest felt by the ladies in the triumphant progress of tlie Northern Star . The tea tables having at length been cleared , Mr . W . Clahk was unanimously railed to the chair , and said he felt proud < pf the honour conferred on him in electing him to preside on such an important

      occasion , and over such a large and truly respectable meeting . Ho considered that a most important meetirm , held as i ^ ' was to welcome Labour ' s Organ to the L'mit metropolis . ( Tremendmw cheering . ) lie misted that that luminary would succeed in ( 'fispellini ; the mist * of prejudice that had so louy blinded the mental uptica ' of the many . ( Cheers . ) lie hoped to mt a similar meeting in 184-3 , to celebrate the anniversary p f the St < o- ' x coining to London , attended by as many thousands as there were hundreds on tliipresent occasion . ( Loud cheers . )

      -Mr . I . Farueh proposed the first sentiment . " The 1 'eople ; may they soon obtain the Charter , and in ivalitv lie the ' source ot" all power . " lie said it was ; i sentiment which lie had much pleasure in proposing , and had much more pleasure to iind so iai-jre < i £ i >)» pany present to respond to it . Governments ot all countries should be accordant with that sentiment . All Governments nut so accordant , were the creatures uf force and fraud . ( Loud cheers . ) The middle ami upper classes , at their festivals , generally left out the ]> " < iple . Mr . Dip , the tallowchandler , gave the Queen . Mr . 1 ' rig-. ' , tlie broker , gave I ' rincc Albert ; then followed the Ariny and Navy . Me had often wondered Iimw it was these elasses could devote so much lip-.- < Tvice to royalty . Hut he presumed they hoped

      either to become royal tradesmen , or that they would be in some way noticed by royalty . But , he i . Mr . F . ) thought the notice they would get , would I *' - of a similar character with that , the private soldier received from the l ' mj eror , who admitted , when pressed by his comrade , as to what the Kmjiei-or li ; u ! said to him—that it was " Get out of the way , you n .-oundrel . ' ( Loud laughter . ) In tli-at parish the people had been distrained on for " rates" which the parish officers expended on getting up an address uu satin , to congratuiat > - . thc ( iucen on the occasion of another Royal birth . The people had even been refused the use of tlieir o « 'n vestry-rooms ( hear , heari , whilst they could 1 ) 0 granted to the rich for their lunnhuffing bath and wash-house scheme . True , thev

      might not be ' u ^ ed by the people , class-made laws having deprived , them of such clothing as they would like to expose in a public wash-house ( hear , hear ) , but they would be useful if it was only to wash the filthy mass of corruption from the hands of parochial oljicers , and , the Reverend Father in God , the Loni Bishop of London . ( Much applause . ) The people had no chanl'o of obtaining that power of which tlie sentiment spoke , but by the people ' s Charter , ilencethe necessity of untiring , ceaseless agitation until that measure became the law of the land . ( Cheers . ) That man was either ; i fool or a knave win ) would tell them that any government could Jong withstand the righteous demands of a united and determined people . ( Ci reat cheering . )

      Mr . Li-vue . v ably supported the sentiment , and said royalty was . neither an emanation from heaven nor from nature . All people were equal . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Munden sung , " Loud Roared the People ' s Thunder . " The lines , in which allusion was made to the . Star , or to Mr . O'Connor , were responded to by the audience <» >««<««•? , who broke out into repeated rounds of tho most vociferous applause . At the coni ItisJon of the song , Mr . Munden was loudly cheered . Mr . Cuil ' ay , . 'Mr . Whitehorn , Mrs . Whitehorn , and their sons , Master and Master Henry Whitchora , favoured the meeting with a beautiful glee , entitled " ¦ I am a bold Democrat , " which was received with rapturous api >] a . nse .

      Mr . CiKFAY proposed the second sentiment— " The Surf / tern Star , Labour ' s only recognised organ : we hail thee , welcome to the Metropolis ! " He said the Sortfurn Star had served an apprenticeship in the provinces , not for the profit of its proprietor , but for the advantage and protection of the rights and liberties of the people . ( Loud chem . ) It had , in the person of its proprietor , undergone all sorts of persecution and prosecution , ( hear , hear , ) but it still existed , and still continued to blaze away , and if the people support it , it would continue to blaze away brighter than ever . ( Cries of "Itshall , " and loud cheers . ) Tlie Northern Star had ever been consistent through gain or loss , through evil or good report . ( Loud cheers . ) Their duty then was to support a

      paper which so ably and efficiently aided them . ( Cheers . ) Let them call on their shopmates to support it . Let them appeal to their various trade bodies to support it . He did not ask them to do what he was not doing himself . He was a tailor , anil , b'ke others in his trade , had been out of work for four months at a stretch , but during those trying periods he had never neglected his duty . ( Cheers . ) When it came to a toss up—a dinner or the Stnr , the mental appetite always won the toss . ( Great cheering . ) * The Chairman introduced Mr . Julian Ilarncy to respond to the sentiment . Mr . Harnpy , who was received with warm and prolonged applause , said , the flattering reception he lad received after an absence of five years from the

      metropolis , proved to him that though he had had to contend with much misrepresentation , ami , next to Mr . O'Connor , might { airly lay claim to the title of the best abused man in the ranks of Chartism , still he enjoyed their confidence as fully as when he was their comrade in the glorious Democratic Association —( Cheers )— -an Association which had sifted the chaff from the wheat , and was the precursor of the present Chartist organization in the metropolis . ( Cheers . ) Five years am it was the fashion ot the enemies and false friends of Chartism to denounce himself and his associates as Jacobins , terrorists , and promoters of anarchy . The press of the factions had , by these calumnies , prejudiced the middle class —the jury class—against their principles , and incited

      the Government to those persecutions which had been resorted to in the vain hope of crushing Chartism . 1 Ie eared little for being dubbed Jacobin . The principles of Jacobinism were the principles of justice and equality , and Jacobinism was not chargeable with the crimes laid to its account . Without going back to the past , he would ask , was it Jacobinism that was guilty of the enormities committed in sunny Spain r Was it Jacobinism that for years had arrayed father ' against son , and brother against brother , fighting on the one side for a king of the Inquisition , and on the other for a queen of the stock-jobbers ? that had desolated that country from one extremity to the other ' . that had blotted out all law and justice , and violated the most solemn treaties ? that had quaffed the blood of San Just , and refused mercy to the despairing

      wife and mother of Zurbano ' s son I No : it was the ism of kings and queens , priests and soldiers , ari « tocrats and money-mongers , that was ^ responsible for these atrocious crimes . ( Great applause . ) The Northern Star had been denounced by the Weekly Chronicle as a Jacobin paper , and was charged with disseminating the Jacobin principle of the natural and inevitable war of the Door ana of the rich . He ( Mr , H . ) admitted the principle ; but denied the applicability of the charge to the Star . It was the rich who made war against the poor . The very existence of the two classes showed the existence of wrong and robbery , fraud and violence , somewhere ^ These the powerfulbnly could tie guilty of—and it-was the rich who were the powerful , the poor who were the powerless . ( Applause . ) ( Mr . Harney then , at great length * proceeded to illustrate this argument By examples

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      dr . iwn from the present state ; of sooletv What follows is the mere outline of Mr . II . " s . speech ) Take two women the one a scion of rovaltv , the other a daughter of poverty . The one become * a wife and mother and ui the hour of hjer child ' s birth is surrounded by medical and other attendants , has every luxury , her child s birth announced br the roar of cannon and the ringing of bells , while svcopliantic editors and reporters proclaim daily the state of this one woman . On the other hand , ' the daughter ot poverty also becomes a mq ' tlior . Stretched on a palletof straw with no help ; but the Union doctor , no attendant but perhaps some pour being scarcely less wretched than herself , fflme rolls on ? and the mother , utterly destitute , has given herself up to despair . Homeless clothelcss , jfoodk-ss , miJkfcss , hopeless , she plunges herself and babe into the , 1 ,-vwL

      stream to escape from a life become insupportable » he « rescued from death , j Not so her child , it has closed its eyes for ever . The wretched mother is charged with murder , and a heartless jurv and hul"e condemn her to a shameful death on the gallowstree . At almost the last hour , when the victim has become resigned to her approaching dreadful end mercy—mercy in the shape of a Graham ' —O outl rageous caricature ( Hisses and groans of execration ) steps m and m the name of a merciful sovereign ' mercifully sentences the unfortuuate being to seven 5 ? ment <^ 4 ^ me :, fehold the

      ^ ^ , : > difference in tho fate , of these two womcn-the one is Victona-the other Man- Furley ! Yes , there is a war ot the rich and of the poovVjbut it was the richy and not the Aorthcrn Star , who were responsible for that war ( Greatcheering . ) So ! through all society ; the landlord steals the land , and ! is an heredit , irv " "anielaw-enacting legislator ; poor Ebora , the Buckinghamshire labourer , attempts to snare a hare and is sent to prison as a felon . { Mrs . Tyrwhitt ' a ladv takes a microscope , and forgets to " pay for if of course she did not steal it . i for a renneetMr , h . ™

      found her Not Guilty . Observe the moralitv of the aristocracy . When detected taking the article , the husband of the lady remarked , " Suppose she has taken it , what ' s the use of ; making a damned fuss about it ? " Such were the ethics of aristoeracv ( Loud applause . ) They ( the aristocracy ) plundered the Land , robbed the peopleiof the fruits of their labour , and wrested irom theiji their { toUticnl cfo-Ji ^ and then , when the people J complained , the answer was , '' Suppose we have done these things , what ' s the use of making a damned fuss about it f" But a fuss would be made until justice was done , and right re-established . ( Loud cheeis . ) Let them compare the case of a poor man , who , the other day , was charged with stealing three ! turnips of the value of

      one tarthing , with that of Mrs . Tyrwhitt . The jury did not hesitate as to whether the turnips were taken with a felonious intention ; on the contrary , they at once found the poor man Guilty , and the tench sentenced him to pay a shilling ' line , and twelve drillings costs , or go to prison . The poor man was never worth thirteen shiUi ' mr-i , and might go to prison . Airaii !—the common assassin was hung , while the wholesale murderer , the miscreant Nicholas , was feasted by Queens and aristocrats , and honoured for his crimes . The aristocratic seducer was the followed and flattered of the fashionable world , while his victim was driven from one misery to another till she died a death of infamy aikl horror . Tbe embroidcress shivers in rags while working the eightv flowers

      for sixpence in the shawl to enfold a duchess , while the shopocrat , who profits jby her miserable toil , is a ^ church-attending . God-fearing , respectable man , Yes , throughout society tlHwar of the poor and of the rich was natural and inevitable , but who caused it ? Not the Northern Star , but those who profited by and upheld the present system , foremost among whom was the Liberal " babbler of the H \ ekly Chronicle . ( Great j applause . ) The mission of the Northern Star was , to put an end to tiiat system , and if for so labouring it was to be denounced as a Jacobin paper ; , its proprietor and conductors need not be ashamed of the title . ( Cheers . ; lor himself , he ( Mr . 11 . ) j declared , that if his exposures of aristocratic wroiig and insolence , and liis advocacy of the cause of the poor and the oppressed , should earn for him the title of Jacobin , he would in in

      glory the name , and would wish no greater honour giory tne name , and woulil wisJi no greater honour tluin that whenjhe ceased to be , tlie tide of Jacobin was graven on his tomb , ( Loud cheering . ) The importance of a free and honest press could not be over-estimated . Cardinal Wolsey said , if we do not put down printing , printing will put down us . j It was sagaciously said , Tyrants , though failing to altogether put down tLe press , had contrived , in all' countries , to enchain or corrupt it , * till the future triumph of knowledge over tyranny was indisputable jand evident to aS . In responding to the sentiment given by Mr . Cuffay , lie / Mr . H . ) hoped that the rising of tiie 6 ' t < 'r in tii < - metropolis would prove the dawning of that day , when right should be triumphant over might , oppression trampled under the heel ofjusticc , equality be founded upon an indestructible basis , fraternity connect together all nation . " , and th-edom cover tlie earth as the waters cover tho sea . Mi ^ . llarnoy retired ami-ist

      Mr . Arnottsuug a patriotic song , ami-Wt considerable applause . ! Mr . J . Dowi . iN < i proposed the third sentiment"Our Guests , the Proprietor and Editors of that truly Democratic journal , the Northern Star ; may their labours prove as successful as their merits deserve . " On Mr . O'Connor rising to respond to the sentiment , the audience also rose simultaneously , greetinu Mr . O'Connor with round after round of enthusiastic cheering , the ladies waving their handkerchiefs , which continued for a considerable time . Silence being restored , Mr . O'Connor said , accustomed as he was to exhibitions of popular enthusiasm , still it would be vanity on his part were he to attribute to himself the kind , cordial , and enthusiastic reception

      given to him . No , it was the principle they honouredthe principle of which he ( was the humble advocate . The removal of the Northern Star from the provinces to the metropolis would caase no change in its political sentiments . ( Loud cheers . ) lie had ahvavs placed great reliance on the powers of the press ; and he thought while the few were represented through its columns , ( it was nothing but right that the many should be represented also . ( Cheers . ) The working classes had been entirely excluded from the press generally ; and hence , he had established the Northern Star . ( Loud cheers . ) And proud he was to sayj that he did not go for his assistants amongst the hirelings who were let or sold with the machines ; but that every man employed on

      the Northern Star had sprung from the ranks of labour . ( Great cheering . ) The other classes ,- be they agriculturists , manufacturers , churchmen , or dissenters , had their organ ; and he would ( venture to affirm , that was that meeting composed of any of the supportei-s of those parties , the longest table in the hall would not suffice for the number of rfeportei-s who would be in attendance . But this meeting was in favour of Labour ' s rights ; and in this matter the Star stood alone . ( Cheers . ) There ; were three stages in all agitations ; organization , j creating public opinion and the directing of that ; public opinion . lie had effected the two first ; and now , if the people required other tools to work out the last , in God ' s name let them get them . He ( Mr . O'Connor ) thought the people

      placed too much reliance ion what they termed the superhuman labours of Feargus O'Connor , and thus allowed themselyes to sink into apathy . Let them arouse , and act as if everything depended upon the exertion of each individual , and victory was certain . Let them remember that-all the classes would unite as one man for their Oppression . ( Loud cheers . ) He might be an alien in language , yet he thought they understood him well . ( Laughter and applause . ) He thanked God he had regained their confidence for lis country—for , although the world was Iris repub ^ lie , he could not forget that Ireland was his native land . ( Cheers . ) Let alii parties unite against them , and what then ? They ( tjie Chartists ) would beat all combined . Now that the Northern Star was in

      London , the proximity of the office to those of the two Chronicles would , he darie say , not be over pleasing to the proprietors of those journals . No matter ; he would cause them to -adopt Chartist principles , or he would make them hide their diminished heads in some back lane . ( Immense applause . ) The Whigs , when crying for the Reform Bill , had told them . it was necessary to infuse new blood into the House of Commons ^ for so they would obtain a more equitable distribution of property . But had they ? No . The working classes , notwithstanding the improved mode of travelling by railway and the improved mode of communication by the penny post , with the numberless other improvements of the time , were in a more wretched condition than ever . ( Hear ,

      hear . ) If merchants and manufacturers required better houses and mansions than their grandsires occupied , it was equally necessary that the sliding scale of improvement should descend to tho working classes also , and that their condition should be improved in like manner . He did not desire the destruction of property . No : let the wealthy retain all they at present possessed , but let the working man —the producer of all—have a rightful share in what he henceforth produced . ( Great cheering . ) There were parties holding out their baita and allurements , but they were mere will o' the ^ yisps . The Star had sufficiently warned them of those false lights . ( Cheers . ) The Chartists were the ] only real Free Traders . Let them have Free Trade in legislation first , and all the rest would follow . ( Great cheering . J He was loyal to a certain degree , but like the girl who wanted something to love , he wanted something tor be loyal i j ( r

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      c % ? gsrt& ^ - ^ C — ^ to . ( Cheers . ) How could he be loyal to a church whose ministers told him that this world was a world of trial and suffering , and that Le i ; : ( -t e . r . vl . i :-misery here to ensure happiness hereafter . If that was a necessary stej > to tbe insurement of happiness , he was sure his brother Chartists bad no wish tojteep the bishops out of heaven . They would change places with them , and let their reverences havea turn a'i the hewing of wood and drawing of water . ( Cheers . ) He could not be loyal to a judge , who oppressed the ^ oor . If ever he had fallen out with his eonutrymeh , it was for their royal loyalty to Queens a . ' . 'ii I ' rinees . 2 . ind their professed love for the beautiful vt- 'Uiig Queen—it was not manly , it was slavish and disgusting . (

      Immense applause . ) How could he be loyal when he had suffered sixteen months' imprisonment , and'dur ing that time the Queen was delivered three times , and he ( Mr . U'C . ) was not delivered oaee . ( Roars Ot laughter . ) l ' roperty was of no value until it received the stamp of labour upon it . There was a philosophy in idleness , a policy in doing nothing at times ; and feeling the truth of this , he had at his ease , sung the " lullaby to the baby of Chartism . " But the infant had grown . It had begun to writhe in ita cradle , and he was now inclined to throw off the clothes and let the young Hercules walk abroad . ( Tremendofls cheering . ) Whiggery boasted that it had killed him ; but he had risen a ^ ainand

      , buried the Whigs for ever . Through the press a new enemy had appeared in the shape of ;» tra « . t , by tlie Messrs . Chambers of Edinburgh : and here was the value of the Northern Star . On Sunday he sat down—the better the day the better the dmi—and wrote a complete answer to the tract . ( Great cheering . ) AH parties were dissatisfied . It distress and misery was a visitation from God , and its prevalence universal , he knew no class who would more readily-submit than those whom he v , ^ - 'dressing ( cheers)—but when they ( the people ) Ufw their miseries and destitution was the result of bad legislation , they wisely and bravely refused to sikvuinb . He liad never asked them to raise the Nortiu-m . Star

      to this or that circulation ; when they saw him without a shirt , they might imagine the Northern Star was going down , but not before . ( Tremendous cheering . ) He had seen Mr . Duncombe that day ; and i ad it not been for a prior engagement he ( Mr . 1 ) . ) would have been with them that night . ( Immense appl . iu .-o . ) He thought they should have a demonstration to shew their confidence in labour ' s-Parliamentary Representative . He therefore proposed that they should meet Mr . Duncombe at his committee room in Fhwbnry , nd escort him

      a down to the House of Commons . ( TremendoHS and long-continued cheering . ) He ( Mr . O'Connor ) would never recommend what he was not prepared to carry into practice . ( Cheers . ) If they agreed to the proposition he would accompany them 011 foot . ( Loud cheers . ) He entreated them ' to forget past differences , and unite as one man ; then would Englishmen deserve the name of freemen , and England be their own — their native land . Mr . O'Connor sat down amid loud and long-continued applause .

      The Whitehom family then sang , in excellent style , a glee entitled " The Press—the Ch . mtist l'ress , " which was warmly applauded . Monsieur Chillman sung the Marseilles lr . in , prefacing the singing with a few remarks approbatory of the appearance of the Northern Star in the metropolis . The Marseilles was sung by M . Chillman in the original French , the meeting ' chorussing in English . The singing of this glorious anthem excited the greatest enthusiasm . Mn . Julian Harxey briefly addressed the meeting on behalf of Captain Marguriete , a Spanish

      refugee , one of the Republican defenders of Barcelona . ( Ills appeal was responded to by a collection made at the door for the brave refugee . ) Senor Margiwiete then sung the Spanish Song of Liberty , which was enthusiastically applauded . Mit . Henry lloss proposed the 4 th sei . timent : " The Ladies , may they ever be found auxiHaiies in the cause of democracy , which Was warmly responded to by the whole meeting . Three cheers were then given for the J Jemocrats of France and Spain : for Feargus O'Connor and the Charter ; and for Democracy all over the world . The meeting then brr . ke up , highly gratified with the evening ' s proceed hn <

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      " London . Xov . 27 . 1 S-H . " * ir , —In an « wer to your letter , in which you desire un the part of the operatives of Lancashire , to learn what i-niirse I sJjouJi ! tlijiik advisable in :. ' u- ensuing session of Parliament , I mu .-t reply that I see no reason « lr , the ij ' . iosti'm of the Ten Hours' Bill should not be renewed a the earliest possible period . I v . ill eiuUrvour on the firct night of our meeting to fix a day for bringing tlie subjets upain under the consideration of the Iluilse .

      " I am , Sir , jour \ uv \ obedient servant , " Mr . Henry Green , Secretary . " " Asrlei " Leeds . —The New Poor Law . —1 ' cblic Meeting . —The Poor Law Commissioners having determined on introducing the New Poor Law into Leeds , in opposition to the well-known views and wishes of the great majority of the inhabitants , steps have been taken by the friends of the poor to render the working of the obnoxious "boon" as harmless as possible . With this view a public meeting , convened by the Mayor , in compliance with a requisition signed by 700 persons , was held in the Court House ,, on Thumlay evening , the 23 th ult . The room was densely crowded . Mi " . J . Green , manufacturer , was called to the chair .

      The meeting was addressed , by Mr . Counsellor Brooke , and -Messrs . Bayldon , Shaw , Parker , and David Ross , and resolutions pledging the meeting to vote only for such candidates for the office of Guardians as are adverse to the present erection of a new bastile ; and who will strenuously oppose any rule of the Commissioners which shall impose upon them the necessity of offering , in the first instance , an asylum in the workhouse or bastile , as a test of destitution and a title to relief , were unanimousl adopted . On the motion of Mr . Brooke , a committee of twenty-one persons was appointed to select fit and proper persons to be elected as guardians of the poor . The committee to report to an adjourned meeting . The meeting then separated .

      Adjourned Meeting . —The adjourned meeting , to receive the report of the committee appointed to select a number of gentlemen as guardians opposed to the New Poor Law , and against the present erection of a new workhouse , was held on Monday evening , when the Court House was again densely crowded . Counsellor John Jackson occupied the chair . The following list was agreed to on the motion of Mr . Counsellor Ileywood , seconded by Mr . Scott , of Woodhouse : — Eah Ward : Mr . Martin Cawood , ironfoHuder , Kirkgate , and Mr . James Green , manufacturer , Parkrow . North Ea ? t Ward—Mr . John Metcalf , dyer , and Mr . William Brooks , tobacconist , Kirkgate .

      North West Ward—Mr . Charles Bousfield , cloth manufacturer , and Mr . Thomas Clarkson , shoemaker , Central-market . Kirkgate Ward—Mr . James Stables , tea-dealer , Briggate , and Mr . Christopher [ 'iekar'd , butcher , Coburg-street . Mil Hilt 'Ward- — Mr . Morpeth , flax-spinner , Mr . Richard Wood , of the Fleece Inn , ana Mr . John Ayrey , of the Old George Inn . Wen Ward—Mr . Thomas Newsm , land-surveyor , Mr . John Hepworth Hill , barrister-atlaw , and Mr . C . M . Teimaut , gentleman . North Ward—Mv . James Ward , surgeon , Kirkgate , and Mr . John Barrett , hatter , Kirkgate . South Ward —Mr . Benjamin Russell , builder , and Mr . John Jackson , corn-miller .

      Suicide of a Retired Farmer . —This afternoon ( Saturday ) , Mr . William Baker , coroner tor the eastern division of Middlesex , held an inquest at the Ivinrr John , Holywell-lane , Shorediteh , on view of the body of James Rathbone , aged 5 i years . Mr . A . Sherrard , a mercantile clerk , said that he had known the . deceased for some time past . On Friday morning last , about half-past seven o ' clock , witness went into the kitchen , when he saw deceased who was standing in a comer of the room . Haying spoken to him , and received no answer , he placed his hand upon his arm , and then saw that he

      was suspended by a piece of rope , fastened to a hook in the wall . He cut him down , and sent Toy medical assistance . Deceased was dressed , and he must have done the act after the family had retired to rest . Mr : William Rathbone , of 12 , Clifton-street , Finsbury , said that the deceased was his toother . He was married , and for twenty-four years had carried oa an extensive fanning business at Graham ' s Town , Cape of Good Hope * Some time since , he sold his estate for £ 3 , 200 . Upon disposing of Mb property he returned to England in December last-and ever since has been residing with' witneaa . His wife ani child he left behind at GnJiaaOtSbmui ttfJatefie

      has b&n very low mdr ^ e ^^ g ^ Wa ^ ks considered the deceased ^ rait of unsoundVbmL- / 0 b'jwi returned' a terdictMmmvvt ^ fDB ^ Mf % ^ . - 's m ^ * - . > ----, v- ^ v .. " ^! - ^**

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      The Tex Horns' Bill . —Mancuesteii , Wedxjesday Morm . no . —Last evening a meeting of the Lancashire Central Short-time Committee was held in his town , on the subject of the Factory Bill . The operatives appear to be as determined a-s tluy ever were to prosecute their favourite measure , and to leave no stone unturned to bring it to a successful termination . At the meeting last night the subjoined letters were read by tJie secretary : — " Manchesti-r , Xov . 25 , 1844 .

      " Mj- Lord , —At a meeting of the Lancashire Central Short-time Committee , held this day , several Utters were read frum the district committee , inquiring what steps wvre lo t ) t- t . iUen to promote the passing oJ" the Ten Hours ' Hill in tin- nc-xt 5 e * siuu of Parliament . The operatives of Lancashire uppi-ar to be as determined as they ever were to prostt af > ' their object , and to leave n <> means untried to brinp their labours to a successful issue . In Manchester thpy nre equally resolved . May I thcrttbre respectfully rimest , on behalf of this committee , that your Lordship v , ill be gwd enough to inform us , at jour earliest convenience , vvJiat course } vn intunii to adopt on the opening of Parliament , as we cannot satisfactorily answer , the incfuiries of our constituents until we have had your Lordship's advice , and are made acquainted with the course \« u intend to pursue ?—We fully rely on your Lordship ' s judgment and zeal in this good ruiise , ami having placed our entire confidence iu y . ^ ur wisdom and determination , we sViall be guided in our line of action by the course you intend to pursue in Parliament .

      •• I mn , my Lord , your most obedient servant , " Henry Creln , Secrti ; vry . " The Ki ' . 'ht Hon . Lord Ashley , it . I ' . "

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      VOL . VIII . NO . 370 . LONDON SATURDAY , ] 5 E (^ MBE R , 14 1844 ^^ i W ^^ ¦ ¦> " .-I ' FiTC Shi »^ S * » ncl Sfajjcacfc | W -r Quarter .

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  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 14, 1844, page 1, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct686/page/1/