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Northern Star (1837-1852), 9th December 1843, Edition 3 of 5, Page 4, " aae Centers' J HoSemtnt

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    • " aae Centers' J HoSemtnt
    • THE JTORTHERN STAR SATURDAY, DECEMBER 9, 1843.
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      Untitled Article

      TO TTTB BDITOK OP THJS KORTHBSH SlAB . ^ ESPrcHBD Snt , —Permit me through the medium of jour invaluable journal to contradict a number of gross falsehoods whieh appeared in the Jtfaci&urft Standard of November toe 29 A , relative to the-Miners' Association recently formed in that neigh Ixwirhood . ..-,- _ ¦ The Blackburn Standard in its report of the meeting of Miners recently Iiolden at Bacup , states that it was attended bj delegates from Newcastleupon-Tyne , Wigan , St . ^ Helen ' s , and other places ; * nd that every day during the preceding week delegates from various parts of Scotland and other places hare held meetings at Oldham , Ashton , Stock port , Bolton , Bury , Hoehdale , and the neighbourtr . e

      tamn . Lodge meetings are new in vanons pup lie houses ; and persons are admitted by passwords and signs , similar to the Odd Fellows and other secret societies . It is also rumoured that there will shortly be a general turnout of Miners throw . ghont Idmeashire aid Yorkshire 1 ? This , Mr . Editor , is an extract from the columns of the Blackburn Standard ; and it proves that the person-, who wrote It is possessed of bo mean capacity for what children call " story-telling ^; as , with the reception « f the fact of a meeting having been ' nolden at 3 Jacnp , it is one continued tissue of falsehoods from beginning te end . But is seems from the statement About secret meetings , passwords , and signs , thai the-writer lias other objects in view than the

      xaere gratification of Mb lying propensities . He -wishes to bring down upon the already much-Injured Miners , not only the vengeance of the Coal iGngs , but an increase of expenditure in having to defend themselves from a charge of conspiracy . I Host emphatically and unequivocally declare that Delegate meetings have not be « n holden every daj ; that . ihar& are so secret meetings of * ny description ; that there have been no delejntesfroaScotland ; that there are so " signs" or ^ passwords "; but on the contrary meetings of delerates are onl y holden once in each fortnight , and the places where they are held are regularly

      an-Bosxteed through the columns of the Northern Star ; JUid the only things excluded during the delibeiaiions of the delegates , are intoxicating drinks . None * re prohibited from' witnessing the proceedings , provided they conduct themselves -with propriety and decorum . So far from the Miners wishing to do anything secretly , they desire to give the ntmost publicity to all their proceedings , in order that public feeling may be roueed in their favour , and the whole nation become acquainted with the many acts of injustice to which themining population have been so long subjected . I am , Sir , yonrB jrepeetfnUy , Wh . Gbocott , Secretary to the ^ Lancashire Miners . Manchester , Bee . 6 th .

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      lEKJESTOH—Be bo good , lot the benefit of the Ul-UBed CdHJera of Darbjahfre , as to inform them through the medium of yoarjntaable paper , that tbe g « od work has at last began idkair Bounty . We had a glorious nesting on Saturuaj ^ lfl&jllt last , at the Three Hoik Shoe * , Bipley , which warwell attended by the hardy nna of tbe Mine , Mr . Fleming explained tbe roles of the Association in a manner -which highly delighted them ; after whici Mt Hyeroft , in an excellent speech , ahowed them how eaiy it might be to better their condition . Thirty-five members took card * , -when tbe meeting npsr&tacl highly gratified . We shall visit Sipley on Monday 11 th ; Swanwiek 12 th ; aad « uch other place * aa may require out services through tbe Week . We hope the Colliers of nkeston will rally Tocnd the standard . AJTDiEW FLEMING , ) . _ . THOXAS MTCSOFT . f ^* " *

      Boxkbt , —A meeting of the Miners at Bolton was idden on Monday last , Mr . Hunter addressed the meeting ' . At the coaemsion ot his address , the following resolution was carried unanimously : — " That nothing short of a general union of our trade will fee of a permanent or lasting benefit to ourselves and children ^* - Arrangements were made for future meetings , which will take place every Saturday Bight , a * the New Lodge Room , Brongh Hill . Boors to be open at seven o ' clock . Oushtkeseds . —Thirty-three men of this place are s £ 31 oat of employment , and those that have got to work will not receive any wages till the 9 th of Dee . 3 Sw Ea&erings of the poor fellows are really heart-Tending ; most of them having parted with all the goods they had , now having nothing , and are quite destitute . A meeting was held and addressed by Mr . Bnnier . - ¦ - ¦ + ¦ -

      Giickux . —The meeting was held as usual in Mr . Scott ' s Long Boom , Mr . John Fell , from Oughterfiade , in tbe chair- After » few remarks from the Chairman , Mr . Hnnler was exiled open to address it . The nen of this place are greatly benefited by the leading of the Northern Star . " WoKKDfGTOJt , Nov . 30 . —A delegate meeting was lield as usual , The Whitebaven district delegates did not attend . _ ' ^ St affobdshibb PorrXHTES . —Messrs . Lomax and Swallowhare holden terj soeeessfo ] meetings during the past week at Alsa ^ er ' a JB » nk , Audley , Eantten Heath , Talkoth Hill , Bradley Green , Longton , Golden Sill , Butt Lane , Tunata ! , Harris Head , and Norton . The * Month of Grace" is working wonders here . At Seoatia , Biddnlph , Woodhead , J > elphus , &C 9 the iaen hire got an ad-ranee of wages , - - , - -.

      The xexsebs of this place met at night and were addressed by Mr . Hunter , when it was agreed that a public meeting should be called for the succeeding night , and that Messrs . Hunter and Holliday should attend . The bellman was sent round , and the meeting was tbe best b } far that has been here . Tbe following resolution was pnt to the meeting and passed unanimously i— That in the opinion of this meeting our rights have been unjustly and unmercifully taken from us , therefore , we pledge ourselves to use every legal and peaceable means to obtain them . "

      ' A Ptsuc Mbkiks of tbe Coal Miners * of the Oldham and Ashton districts ma bolden , according to announcement , on Monday last , on a space of ground in front of the Horse Shoe Inn , in Bardsley The chair was oeenpiedTsy Mr . G . Harrison , who filled the office to which he had been called by the unanimous rotes of his fellow-Workmen in a masterly manner . The meeting was addressed by Messrs . Auty , from Yorkshire ; Ramsey , from Padlbam , authorised agents of the Miner ' s Asso ciation ; and also by Mr . Bixon , from Manchester . The usual Trade ' s resolutions -were passed by

      acclamation ; after which a vote of thanks was jpven to the Proprietor and Editor of the Northern Star newspaper , for the manner in which they had hitherto defended the ~ Miners of Great Britain in their struggle of right against might ; and also for giving publicity to their proceedings , without fee or reward . The thanks of the meeting was also given to Mr . Bixon for his past and present services in the cause of the suffering Coal Miners of this country . * ' Mr . Bixon briefly acknowledged the compliment and moved a . ] rote of thanks to the Chair man , which was carried by acclamation , and the meeting dispersed in a peaceful and orderly manner .

      Delegate Mkbukg . —A delegate meeting of the Miners of Nor&nmberlasd and Burham was held in ihe large room of the Black Lion Inn , in Burham , on Friday snd Saturday last , the 1 st and 2 nd inst , At tile appointed ionr , Mr . William Richardson Was im&niJQOnBlj called upon to preside , and Mr . 3 f&rlc Bent to oecupy the -nee-chair . "Mr . Bicbard-£ t > n briefly opened the proceedings by stating "the objects for which they had assembled that day \ and after entering into some' preliminary arrangements for ^ ie better expedition of business , sat down , calling upon tbe District Secretary to read the minates of ice previous delegate meeting , which was complied with , and they were confirmed . The following resolutions' were proposed , seconded , and discussed in dee foi 3 B > and ultimately agreed to : —1 st . "That s Commit tee be elected to conduct the affairs of the

      district , and that one member froa each sub-district benomin * t © d to form that committee . " 2 nd . That each sob- district be required to hold a meeting OS the 9 th o f December , to . nominate a pereoa from such snb-d istrict io constitute the Bistrict Committee . ' 3 rd . "That the Committee for the district iold their business meetings at the house of Mi . Martin Jnd % Three Tnns , Manor Chare , New-• aafle . '' 4 th . " That the wages or expenses « f the Committee "be left to the decision ot the sub-dfetricts . " 5 th . " Thai fl . te Secretarv and Treasarar reKre to anothCT Toom t * > receive the on&ibntions to the district fund . " 6 tt ^ "Thatthemen of BraneepethCaliery return to m * k , and test their masters as regards wnung themfron * their employment . " The meeting Jflen adjouniBd i intil nine o ' clock on SaturdaT ypflypTTwy ^ . —

      ««? w ^? ^ ° . : T&e Meeting resianed their » ttmg this morning , * t nine o'doek , Mr . Richardson in the chaff ; Mr . . Bent in the % iee-chair . The | rmed , _ andthefollowi ^ g reeolofioas were , having been discussed at « onsk ^ aable length , aereedI to ^ - iBt . » That the resolntk -ffi wspecti ^ thT mbou £ d aenbeingiurned offtht « tmS ££ US into opexiW . " 2 nd . « 'L to m thToSiS ^« S meeting , partial strikes are njurious t © a » e Associa tion ; and that tho « e . collieri » who aiessw on strike be strongly lecommendedb i thismeeting to return to work ? 3 rd . "That a Cot Tmittee , offlTedeleaSS draw

      he appwnted Crom Has meetn . " « "P > np a pjo . crwtjnma to fftfflifftfr * ihe busuu ^ s oz the meeting of lelegates . " 4 tk That the foil tming personB constitute thai Committee : —John Stoker , Alexander Stoves , James Kean , James BaTk ^ ty a © . and Henderson Eaweett . * 6 £ h . That the' Bistrict Secretary be instructed to write to Kento / i , apprising the zsea tbers of the mis-statemente of * beir delegate to the late Conference . * 6 th . That & * men of ' Exsl Holy well Colliery be supported oirt of the law fund to defray the expanses of tkeir Inte teak /' 7 th . "That the men of Wicgafce Grange CoUiery be supported from the law fnnd of each colliery in ihe di £ &iet , so as to enable &eza to enjthj able

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      counsel , and defray all necessary expenses in the carrying out of their trial / ' 8 th . " That the men of Xing Pit 1 o& supported by voluntary contribution from each colliery in tne dAfflriot . " Sin .. Thai the District Secretary ' B wages be henceforth 18 s . per week . " _ , 10 th . •» That no colliery work in future on their p- ay Saturday . " 11 th . « That each Colliery : Secretary be required to give a correct statement of the njunber of members , and tranfimit the same to the JjiBtriet Secretary previous to the fiarthooming Geveni Conference , to be hdd in Manchester , on January 1 st ; 1844 . " 12 th . That the Committee of tb . e district meet to transact business on Saturday , Jj ec . 16 A , in Mr . Jade ' s , Three Tuns , Manor Chare , Newcastle , as formerly agreed to . "

      South Staffordshire . —A delegate meeting was held at the Jolly Colliers , Swan Village , on the 27 th nit ., when Mr . James George was unanimously called to the chair , who in an able pmnnBy opened the meeting , and then called on tbe Secretary to read the minutes of the last delegate meeting , which were read and confirmed . He then proceeded to call over the names of the different lodges , when their delegate came forward and paid in the following sums ;—Three Crowns £ 1 Os 3 Jd j West Broiawich £ 1 lla 3 d ; OJdbury £ 1 143 ; Budley Por t 15 s ; Great Bridge 17 s 9 d ; Swan Village

      9 s 4 | d ; Wednesbury 14 s ; Barliston 8 b 4 d ; Summer Hill 14 s ; . Tipton 17 s 2 id ; . Park-houBe Lane 9 b 6 d ; Bound ' s Green 3 s ; Whiteheath Gate 6 s ; Rising Sun , Wednesbury 14 b 7 ^ d ; Prince's End 3 s SJ ; Horsley Heath Ss 2 d ; Bilston lOd ; Plack 10 d ; Sardsalem Sd ; after which several'resolutious were passed of a local nature . It was aho moved , seconded , and carried , that a committee be appointed to audit the books and settle local matters , and that the next delegate meeting be held on Bee . 18 th , at the United Hands , Wednesbury , The meeting then broke np .

      On Wednesday , the 29 th nit ., the Committee met accordingly , when George Jones was unanimously called to the chair , who opened the meeting very ably . The committee commenced , 1 st , by agreeing to advance as much money to Mr . J . Wilde , as would pay hisexpenoes to the district to which tbe Executive had appointed him j 2 nd , that Mr . J . Wilde have £ 2 10 s to pay his fare to North Burham ; 3 rd , that Mr . Wilde is desired to lay the state of South Staffordshire before the Exeontive , when he arrives at his destination ; 4 th , that the decision of the Executive upon ihe South Stafford case be

      returned back by letter as soon as poBsible ; 5 th , it is desired that Mr . Pyle stop in South Stafford till the answer come from the Executive : 6 th , the books were audited and found correct . The . penny levy was then called for , when the following sums were paid . —Three Crowns 13 s 5 d ; West Bromwich , £ 1 0 a lOd ; Oldbury Ids ; Swan Village 63 3 d ; Barleston 2 s lOd ; Park-house Lane 4 s ; Bound ' s Green 23 ; Horsley Heath 4 s 5 d . Resolved " That £ 4 be sent to the JExecntive , towards the lery ; likewise £ 6 for cards and rules . " Several sums came in after the cash had gone to Newcastle .

      Longtos . —Magistrates' Booh , Wbdkesdat . — Magistrates present—Messrs . Bailey , Rosse , and two othere . Thomas Evans summoned a butty " Collier , of the name of Patrick , for 12 s . 6 d . aa wages due . Mr . Williams appeared for the plaintiff . The plaintiff , with other six , gave Patrick a fortnight's notice that if he did not join the Union they would leave him at the end of that time . At this colliery ( Leycet ) , they always keep one week ' s wages in hand ; therefore , when the time was np , the men demanded their money . He refused to give it to them until the regular pay-day . Mr . Williams exposed the u butties , " and stated that the men were prepared to resist their tyranny . The magistrates ordered the " butty" to pay the wages and expenses . Souths of the Lbctdbkbs . —Mr . Hunter , Whitehaven district ; Mr . Hollidsy , M&ryport distriot . The meeting adjourned to Thursday next .

      A Public Meetisg of Miners was holden at Bolton , on Monday last , Bee 4 th , whioh was numerously attended . Effective speeches were delivered by Messrs . Birrell and Price . The greatest enthusiasm was manifested throughout the proceedings , and the usual resolutions , deprecatory of low wages , and declaratory of a determination to legally unite for mutual protection , were passed without a dissentient . The delegate meeting took place immediately after , at tbe Fleece Inn , Bolton , when a resolution was unanimously agreed to that tbe secretary shonld issue a monthly balance-sheet , the items becoming too numerous for insertion in the Northern Star . Auditors were then appointed to audit the secretary ' s accounts for the last month , and on their return declared tbem strictly correct . A number of other resolutions , of local interest , were agreed to , aad the meeting broke up , having been engaged , in deliberation , neatly sixteen hours .

      Simoxs OF the Lscrtrssss ifll ike next delegate meeting—Auty , Oldham ; Birrell , St . Helen ' s , after his return froM visiting his family ; Ramsay Bukenfield and Povnton ; Price , Rochdale ; Bennet , Chorley and AspalL A Meetik * of Bsxcgates in connection with th e Miners' Association will take place at Blackrod , nrarWigan , on Monday , the 18 th inst .: chair to be taken at nine o ' clock in the morning . Belegates are particularly requested to attend at that hoar , as there is important business . Tbe meeting will be holden at the Black Horse . A public meeting will take place in the same village at four o ' clock in the afternoon .

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      THE TARIFF TRABE . The effects of the Tariff , on the Provision Trade , are beginning to manifest themselves . American vstxxed cheese , and butter , and bacon , and hams , and lard , and beef , are being brought into England , to compete with the English farmer's TAXED cheese , bacon , and beef ! Bare way to pay the x > bbt , is not it ? J It is much if it will not in the end be found so !

      And yet the " farmers , " we are told , are become converts to tbe doctrines of " free trade . " They have been represented as attending tbe meetings of Cobdks and Co ., and giving them their " sweet voices" in favonr of measnres to bring untaxkd corn and ttrtaxkd beef , into open and aotive competition with English TAXEB corn ; having been persuaded that to do so will be of advantage to the tar-payerJ

      Well » it i $ a queer world that we live in : but of all queer things surely this is the most queer . It is true that the representations of Cobdkn and Co ., in the agricultural districts , have been totally different from what they have been in tbe manufacturing ! districts i it is true that there another song than the j M Cheap bread" one , had to be sung , to charm" tbe ; poor clod-poles ; it is true that iftere the key-note of the harangues was , that corn would be no cheaper than it new is : it is true all this ; but even then , taking all this into account , one can hardly see how the vmaxbd corn of American growth ; how the employment of American capital and American labour « to pap OXJBdsbi !

      It seems , however , that we are toh-y \ a . i least as far as cheese , and bacon , and beef are concerned . Whether the Americans , in bringing their " produce" to our market , and taking away for it onr gold , know that they are paying our taxeB , is a questionable matter : but one thing is certain , that they are determined to try what our market is worth . They hareTiBitedit ; and with some degree of success ; enough we shosld suppose to indues them to come

      again . Let the English farmer read the following account , taken from the Liverpool Times ot Taesday last . It relates to ft raw tkade ; one likely to be very frofiiabie io them ! They ought to be grateful to their "friend , " Free-trading Pjbh ., for so arranging it that the Americans have to aid them in paying the taxes ! Of course , they know that "Freetrade" if a "benefit . " So at least Coidemand Co . say . Here is the beginning ! How will they like it !

      On Thursday last , a large sale of American and Canadian provisions took place in Liverpool , and as this is altogether a new trade , and one chiefly created by the new Tariff , it will be interesting to many of our readers to know the result . Of American cheese thera were offered 7160 cases , weighing together abost 260 tons . The quality of this cheese was in general good , but it was most of it out of condition , and did not bring more than 545 . to $ 83 . per emt . Not more than tbe eighth part was Bold in the sale room .

      Of salt butter , principally Canadian , 240 casks were . offered . It fetched We . to 553 . perCWt . The £ i 5 & * 7 * J gw >^ i Bnperior to any Irifih butter to < S ? v ¦* the same price . & « m to ^ were J 60 ° off ered- Thej sold at te ^^ SLT- I * ***? *» ¦« * s ( Of beef 200 tierces were Offered , but none VfBte B ^ SaffiJSS ^ g , ^ A- ) were , offered . unSi KSyji ftTsre ffigg * *¦««» were as follows * -& * ttg & £ ^ Sotbn ?

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      hams , 7650 ; lwd , 3337 barrels ; 1378 kegs ; butter , 776 casks j chaeae , 974 casks ; 2486 ,- lww ; wheat 5261 quarters ; and flour , 36 , 608 twlfl . Tbis isiS pendent of tiie rapplieBfrom Canada , Since the con * mencement of the present month the suppUes have also been large . . The , American ships Brgnian and RepabUo , whioh arrived here yesterday and the Cpmpton , cfn ) m Canada , which arrived oa Sunday , are almost full of provisions . The two American vessels are said to bring 1000 tieices of Beef , beeidea other kinds of provisions .

      We have always been led to understand that a large "foreign trade *' was neoeasary to us , to enable ns to pay our own taxeB ; that it was not only requisite that we should employ our own labour and capital to produce what we needed for ourselves , as far as we were capable , but also that it was requisite to work over and beside to produce manufactures to sell abroad , to get money wherewith-to pay the

      "National Creditor . " It seems , however , that we have hitherto been wrong . We should not hay © employed our own labour to any Bucb . end . The proper way was , to let the "foreigner" work fob to , and thus pay onr taxeB ! We are , therefore about to turn ever a new leaf . We shall soon have no cause to complain of the burden of taxation , it can bo taken off our shoulders , and put upon , those of others !

      But if this new discovery be at all valuable , will it not teach ns one or two other lessons 1 If it be unwise to wotle for ourselves * and thus burden ourselves with our own taxation , is it not mobb unwise STILL TO WORK FOB OTHERS , and thus take their burdens upon our backs 1 If we are to cease producing for the Home-market , and get the Americans to grow bacon , beef , and cheese for us , and thus pay our tares , ought we not to ceaae producing for the foreign market , and easeouraelvea of the taxation of " the world ! " These are queries whioh we ought deeply to ponder upon .

      There seems to us to be but one more requirement to perfect this scheme of ease : ease from labour , and ease from taxes : and that requirement is , the adoption of Tom . Attwood ' b inconvertible paper ' money-scheme . That alone is wanted ; and then we shall be the happiest nation under the sun . At all events if we are not , we ought to be : and that will satisfy every reasonable mind . We confess that we do see difficulties in the way of working this new sast scheme of " profound political economy , " with our present monetary arrangements . It will be very inconvenient and difficult to find gold to pay

      the Americans for their beef and bacon , and pay the renter and tax-gatherer too . But with Tom ' s scheme ; with an inconvertible paper-money ; with a u medium" that we can " expand " at will ? with a u currency" that we can increase ad libitum ; with just this addition to the Free Trade scheme , we see no end to oar wealth , our power , our greatness , and our ease ! Only think of a paper-money , inconvertible into gold ! Why everything must go on swimmingly ! How could it be otherwise ! Just imagine how cenvenvenieht a mere " PBOMisB-to-pay " -on-paper will be in satisfaction of a demand , with a provision that ut never shall be coiled upon , or compelled , to pay I Is there not greatness and power in that ?

      Could we not , under such circumstances , do as we like ! What would there be to binder us ! The Americans would bring their beef : pay them in inconvertible ! The tax-gatherer calls for Prince Albert ' s " allowance " and the Beta-holder ' s dividend : pay him in inconvertibles ! Bo you ow « a mortgage , or a bond debt , or a book debt , or even a debt of " honour" : pay them in inconvertibles ! Should you ran short of them ; should it appear difficult to imagine how they are to come back again from America { . when once taken ? I !!); should any difficulty of this sort occur , how easy to make more ! How easy to make them abound 1 What folly it would be to be short of " money" ! Why , we could make enough to buy op the world itself , if the world would let ns !

      Now this , we think , would be ihe perfection of the M Free-Trade-ease-from-labour-at-home-system . " It is all that is required to make it work , after we have induced the foreigners to take our " money" as money . Then for ease 1 Then tot plenty 1 Then for havpinrbs 1 Then for a total and unconditional Repeal of the Cora Laws ; for then we could do without even the Ttmes's fixed dutt 1 What fools we have been to " toil and moil" for the whole world , as we hare done , when we could get on better without working at all ! But then Englishmen are as blind as bats . Were it not so , they would have seen this long since . They had only to open their eyes , anJ look upon what is passing beneath their noses on every hand , and they

      would have seen this sast-system in . full practice . They would have seen that the men who do mot work are invariably the best to do I What is true individually , is true nationally . " There the whole thing is 1 The nation has only to learn the secret ot the easy ones , and the nation is " well to do" also ! That ssceet is , to make others work for you , instead of being suob fools as to work yourselves 1 This we can now accomplish . Peel has got the Americans ready to supply us with beef , bacon , and cheese ; Cobden has them ready to supply us with corn ; and Attwood is able to supply ns with untold heaps of ( " chea p ") INCONVERTIBLE-promise-to-pay-money to buy the beef and bacon , the cheese and corn , with . What more can we want 1

      We ought to have a jubilee : for the days of hum buggery and quaokism-ere ended . '

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      REPUBLICANISM IN SPAIN . CAPITULATION OF THE . BRA . VE BARCEXONBSE . Fob a time the brave Republicans of Barcelona have had to suspend the " fight" with Legitimacy . They have had to lay down their arms , and give up the City and defences which they have eo long and fo bravely kept out of the hands of the crew of the bloody Uabvaez . "Legitimacy" has , therefore , for the moment "triumphed . " Its sway is now all but universal throughout unsuccessful Spain .

      There are but the few heroic " Insurgents , ' shut np in the Castle of Figuer&s , who wage open war against the u established" (!) Government . Kingcraft and Prieatoraft are , therefore , once more in the ascendant . The efforts of the Republicans to cause the Governmental recognition of the "Bights of Man , " by the establishment of a Central Junta , " chosen by tbe people , to draw up a Constitution , have received a check ; and it is possible that the slender flame of liberty , still flickering , may be sought to be quenohed in the blood of tbe brave , made to flow in defiance of express Convention , by the heartless assertors of " Right Bivine . "

      But the song of triumph" over the Republicans need not be very loud ; for it will not be very long ! "Legitimacy" has not made secdre its foothold ! Tbe power of the Priests is not yet all-powerful . Revolutions in Spain are not at an end . It is possible , very possible , that the " established" Government , Priesthood and all , may be blown into nothingness at no very distant day . It is eertain that the devotion and heroism of the Spanish Republicans is not subdued . They have had to deliver the City of Barcelona into the hands of Same : but it was not

      because it had been won from them by the power of the sword . They have maintained it against all the efforts of the "Legitimist" army , B » til wawt and sheer necessity compelled them to capitulate . Thbt jsavb hot » EEK subdued . Their spirits are unbroken : alid we may rest satisfied that ihe love of ooautry which prompted them to take arms in the assertion of their country ' s rights against brutal faction , will again Jead to acts and deeds , which , under more favourable circumstances , may lead to a successful result V '

      The Spanish Monarchy is far from being secure ! Nabvaez , with all the power of the army and police at his back , will find it difficult to prop up the throne , though it be adorned with a " young Queen . " He treads on volcanic ground . The fire , though covered over , is not extinguip ^ ed . Attempts

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      have been made upon his own person ; more than one effort has been made to take his life : and it requires the utmost vigilance of the army over the efts-armed people , to keep up even the appearance of submission to present rule . And it is no common people that the bloody Narvaez and hia crew of out-throats have to deal with ! They are a brave and enduring people , aa the " Legitimists" have found to their cost at Barcelona . Let the reader ponder well over the following ; and ask himself if it be likely that men possessing spirit and patriotism such as is here evinced , will long permit the destinies of their country to remain in the bands of the monsters who are now paramount .

      Private advices from Perpignan of the 24 th ult ., mention , that when the : Junta of Barcelona agreed to - capitulate , the insurgents had not more than 14 O »» . ofgunpowder . left , - and were reduced to their last 300 dollars . Having 15 , 000 paupers , and upwards of 6 , 000 combatants to support , they deemed it impossible to prolong the defence of the city , whioh , from the strength of the works they had erected , would have required 50 , 000 men to carry it byetorm . The insurgents Bhut up in the castle of FiRueras were determined to hold out to ihe last moment .

      These are the sort of men that [ are to be feared ; men who hold out to the last shot , and the . last penny : and who even then , when all their means are exhausted , have firm bearing enough to make an honourable capitulation , and effect their escape out of the hands of the faithless crew who set Conventions at nought . Rely on it , such spirits as these are not to be quieted by the means resorted to by Narvaez . M | They will meet again at Phillipi "; and pOBSibly the result of that meeting may be the reverse of the result now .

      The correspondent of the Morning Chronicle gives the following interesting account of the state , appearance , and oondition of the City of Barcelona when re-entered by the Government troops . From it , it will be learned that the brave defenders of the City against the assaults of the "Legitimists , '' knew what they were about . " The measures they took to repel an attack were pebfect ; and the troops , as they entered , universally agreed , that if properly defended , they could never hav « carried the barricades , save at an immense loss of life . " " All those streets that opened on the citadel were defended vtith tbiple barricades , cannon proof :

      and between them deep trenches were dug , and the sewers opened ** " The ground floors of the houses were all filled with earth and stones , bo as to resist cannon shot ; and the soldiery , exposed in the streets , and unable to protect themselves in the houses , would , in a very short time , have been cut to pieces . Let the reader bear in mind that these " works" ; these "defences" ; these M preparationa" were made by an " Insurgent " people ; by the citizens of Barcelona ; by the middling and working classes . It is not of the doings of an organized army that he will read of in the folio win /? account ; but the doings of M

      Jasurrectionists . " Wo always expect ( bat tboBO whose trade is war , will , on all necessary occasions , take the proper means to defend themselves ; and when we hear of their forming defences within defences ; erecting barricades and forts ; making loop-boles in Barrack walls , —Cas they are now doing in Ire « land ) , —we do not wonder at the " works" themselves , though we may ( as in the case tf Ireland ) wonder what they are all for : but when we find a people erecting "defences" against the aggressions of tyranny ; when we find them " triplebarricading" their streets , aad opening trenches

      between the barrioades ; when we find them filling the lower rooms of their houses with earth and stones , so as to resist cannon shot ; when we find them erecting forts , that could hardly ever be taken by storm : when we find all this ok THE p abt OP A people against their despotic and murdering rulers , and find them , too , maintaining the contest while they have any means of continuing it left : when we fiud all this , we do find something to excite , not only wonder , but great admiration ! We cannot but admiro the spirit of a people that leads them to resist tyranny , even though it be with the musket and the cannon . We cannot but

      admire the bravery of a people , that enables them to set the tyrant at defiance , and keep him at bay . And when to this we oau add many instances of cool prudence and wise preparation "; the taking of measures to ensure success and prevent defeat ; our admiration must be great indeed . All this the reader will find in the subjoined account . To his attention we commend it : — At length , after an absence of seven weeks from Barcelona , and of nearly three months of revolution , I have been enabled , in conjunction with the world at large , to re-enter it . This happy event occurred on the evening of the 21 st , when the gate of

      Barcelonetta was opened to ithe thousands who had congregated there from an early hour . The scenes which then presented themselves were of a joyous yet affecting nature ; for families long separated were at last again united , and many were the embraces given , and tears of joy shed . With all this however , I had nothing to do , so I pushed through the crowd , and hastened to feast my eyes with the curious aspect which the Plaza del Palaoio ( on which the gate of B&reelonetta immediately opened ) presented ^ ; this square , it may be remembered , was the principal scene of action , being close to the citadel , and of course had suffered the most ; the pavement was mostly

      pulled up in order . to form barrioades , and the square was now filled with remnants of houses fallen down , broken pillars , and rubbish of every description ; the square is very large , and is decidedly the handsomest part of Barcelona , the Custom-house the Exchange , the Palace of the . Captain ' General , and the magnificent range of build * ings of Senor Kifre being situated round it ; all these had more or less been injured , the Custom hou * e but slightly , the Exchange severely , upwards of 200 shot and shell having completely defaced the exterior and damaged the interior . Luckily the building , being modern and entirely built of large masses

      of stone , resisted the peppering , and temamB standing , but it will ( require many thousand dollars to repair it . The Palace is much knocked about , and a breach formed through , whioh six ffieu could m&ioh abreast ; but the chief damage has been reserved for tho houses of Senor Kifre , which present a melancholly appearance indeed—several are entirely down , others gutted and riddled through and through ; the English consulate forma one , and has had loiitB share some 30 cannon balls and grenades , while the musket balls leave scarcely the space of a shilling unmarked ; of the lamp posts and trees , nothing but the stumpa remain . Turning to , the right towards

      the citadel , you come upon a deep trench , extending from : the Palace to the Custom-house , several feet wide b and formed byj opening the sewer : this would have formed a Severe obstacle to the assault of the troops if they kad attacked , and had not brought planks with them to cross it . A large Market-place here , and extensive rope-walks , retain but their names , being confounded with and levelled to the ground . A fine statue of Neptune , decoration a public fountain , has beea cut-in two by a-shot . Very fine gardens ( decorated with fountains , marble statues , avenues , Sec , and whioh formed a favourite promenade with the Baroelonese )

      connected the city with the citadel . Here the Patulea greatly annoyed the sentinels on the walla and the cannoneers with , musketry ; in consequence orders were given to oauonade them omt , and th « gardens have been destroyed ; the statues are now lying broken in pieces in the waters of the fountains , the aviaries perforated have afforded an exit for their tenants , and the trees and shrubs look as if a hurricane had swept over them : the destruction is complete * It is a great pity , for the gardens were a decided and pleasant ornament to the city . The measures taken in this portion of the city to repel an attack from the citadel were perfect , and the

      troops , as they entered , universally agreed that , if properly defended , they could never nave earned the barrioades , save at an immense sacrifice Of life . All those streets that opened on the citadel were defended with triple barricades , cannon proof , and between them deep trenches were dug and the sewers opened . The ground floors of the houses were all filled up with earth and stones , so as to resist cannon shot ; and the soldiery , thusexposod in the street" and unable to protect themselves in the houseB , through inability to enter them , would , in a very short time , have been out to pieces . All the

      dwellings in thra part bear evident traces of the handicraft of the citadel . Turning to the left from the Plaza del Palaoio , you proceed along the Calle Isabel and the Muralia Cor sea Walls ) , to the fort of Atarazanas , in the Calle Isabel . The city had a battery , called the battery ; of the Lions , from two large statues of these animals gracing the steps on mounting the Bea walls . This battery was repeatedly destroyed by the fire of Montjuich and the citadel * but was 1 as often repaired . The lions have long disappeared , whioh may be also said of the trees ahahmp-postB , which now show nothing but their etumps ; the houses * which form a part of ( those of

      Untitled Article

      Kifre , facing the square , are greatly scarred and injured , and the windows broken by the discharges of the artillery . ! The"Mu » lia , " a fine promenade on the walls facing the harbour , is literally ploughed up with shot ; the stone seats and sentry-boxes and the houses fronting the sea greatly injured . The extensive barracks on the " Baluarte Medea" are all down . At length wo reach the celebrated fort Of the Atarazwas , which still exists , and shews but little external damage , notwithstanding the thousands of shot hurled at it by Montjuich ; had the troopsi ever attacked the city , not their least task would have been to take this fort , which is immensely strong , and has defences within

      defences ; the houses aad barracks around are much injured , and the Mint , an especial object of hat * , from its never having ceased coining copper money throughout the ! insurrection , has several shot and shell in it . I have now detailed the damage displayed by the I city externally . As you enter the narrow streets [ towards the 'Plaza St . Jaime' but little destruction is perceptible—not but what-it is great ; but the houses must be entered in order to view the effects of the shells , which fell in this vicinity in great ] numbers . Tbe cathedral , several of the churches , and factories , have been struck ; but it would require a week to examine tbe city and form an estimate of ithe damage .. One factory I hare

      entered , that of Greenhelge and Co ., has received somejthirty shots and shells , some weighing sixty and eighty pounds' weight ; luckily the machinery is uninjured , so that the loss may be repaired with £ 250 . Other factories , I conclude , save where the machinery is destroyed , have met with equal losses . All the junta have effected their escape , MaZanet included , { who was imprisoned- by hia colleagues for robbery . The principal chiefs of the Patulea and National Guards , the military and ^ civil employes of tbe government ; who were compromised , either have left , or are daily leaving for France and England , not considering their persons safe here , in spito of the convention j with Saiiz , which has bees , and is

      being hourly broken and disregarded . Domiciliary visits are nightly made , and persons arrested by the " mizos de esguatiron" ( thief-catchers , and mountain police , employed ! to suppress smuggling , ; and who , till now , have not been seen in Barcelona for years , owing to an agreement made with Mina , I believe ) who prowl about every where . The convention with General Sanz has beea entirely broken by the disarming of the National Guards ; it is true they created a disturbance in the night of the 21 st , by assembling and shouting for tho Ceafcral Junta , death to Prim , and other cries ; but I have good reason to "believe

      that the disturbance was purposely originated , and created through the instrumentality o General Schelly and other officers , who were openly opposed to the article ofj the Convention which guaranteed retention of their arms by the militia , and hit upon this scheme inj order to induce General Sanz to break it . I do not know whether Sanz was a party to it , but one thing is clear that the Convention has been entirely broken , and was intended to be so from the first . I am promised some more particular information on this head , which I will convey in my next . ;

      "The French vessels received on board the Junta and other emigrants in the first instance ; the Belvidera afterwards received from them some thirty individuals who wished to proceed to England , and sailed for Gibraltar on the evening Of the 21 st ; the Phenicien took thirty , and the Cameleon about sixty , to Port Vendres the same evening . " It was well that the Junta effected their escape . Had they not done so , the treatment they would have received at the hands of Sanz and Prim is not difficult to be guessed at . The " Convention entered into bj Sahz with the people of Barcelona , w hourly broken "II " Domicilary visits are nightly made , and persons arrested . ' * " The National Guards have been disarmed . " ! All this shows what Sanz and his

      cut-throats would have done , had the Junta put themselves within bis jpower . They have , however , acted wisely . They have got out of his reach . They are where they can " arrange" together again : and we may confidently jexpect that we have not seen the last revolution in Spain .

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      THE LORDS OF THE MILL . It has been our fate to record many , very many , proofs of extreme SYMPATHY on the part of the-Lords of the Mill towards their well-used , muchrespected , rightly-treated workpeople . We mean " well-used , " if we are to pay attention to the representations- and self-glorifioationa of the said Mill Lords and their toadies ; and when contrasted with the oppressive conduct of the H tyrannical , " "blood-sucking , " M bread-taxing" ¦« LordB of the Soil . " We } have had the robbing practice of Truck to expose , where the sympathising factory master has been ! so anxious to secure for the

      workmania " cheap loaf 11 — [ all for the sake of the poor / J through w free trade , " that he has bound his slave to trade only at his shop , and buy his loaf thirty per cent , dearer than he could purchase it elsewhere . We have had to shew np the "Lord Lotherjules" of the manufacturing districts , who do not ] pay their men one shilling ( in money ) as j wages in twelve months ; but compel them to | take cloth at 14 s . a-yard in payment of their starvation wages , even when the poor defrauded labourer has had to sell it again for 83 , to enable him to get food to eat ! . We have

      had to tell of the Devil ' s-Dust practices of the makers of woollen cloths , who cheat the public with their nefarious muckt productions . We have bad to lay bare the doings of the Paste-Daubers , who sell " sow ' for cottons , and " take in" the buyer . We have had to echo the almost stifled cry of complaint from the poor worked-to-death infant , who has been used in ] the production of wealth for those who now boast that " they can bay up the Aristocracy of England ! ' ! We have had to exhibit the whip , the strap , and the billy-roller ; to tell of the ear-pinching ; the hair-pulling ; the suspending by

      the wrists ; the standing on one foot ; the holding up of heavy weights ; ; and tholdipping in the water tank , clothes and all , to waken the over-wrought' child up from sleep ! while attending the spinning-frame . We have had to drag to light the ihievings perpetrated under , the name of fines , where the hard-earned wages of the toiling slave is remorselessly stolen from him to swell the up-heaped mass of ill-gotten gain that the master calls his owd . We have had to do all this , and much more , whioh cannot now be enumerated , even ; in a general catalogue like this , Wo have had to [ expose a system of tyranny more

      heavy ; of oppression more heartless ; of slavery more perfect ; of cruelty more cruel ; of thieving more despicable and thoroughly mean ; of inhumanity more barbarous ; than ever before existed on this side of Hell ! But of all ] that we have ever had to tell of ; of all that we have ever had to drag to light ; of all that we have everj had to blazon forth , tbe case we are now going to present to the public eye is surely the most DAMNABLE . ' Were the records of the whole catalogue \ ot human atrocity , —perpetrated to the extent of its power , —to be searched from end to end , lit would not be possible to match

      the case that hereafter follows . It exhibits the very quintessence' of hellish tyranny and devilish malignity . It 19 impossible to conceive of any species of lingering torture ; of any amount of excruciating suffering ; of any sort of painful death , that the MONSTROUS oppressors of the poor slave of the loom , gibbetted in the following account , Would not ] have inflicted oh their victims , had they had the ( power , and could have done it with safety to their own necks ! The spirit of fiendishness is there : it exhibits itself as far as it thinks it can safely go !

      Let not the Lord of the Mill , or his Jack-pudding either , turn up his jnose , and say the account is a Northern Star fabricatum , or a Northern Star exaggeration . Let him not wipe the sweat from off his skin-tight brow or his purple-dyed nose , and console himself with the affected belief , that nobody will notice what is stated in ( he " blackguard" organ of the "blackguard" Chartists . Let him not so attempt to deceive himself . Folly could not be more foolish than for him so to act . The account is not

      ours . It comes tofua second-hand . It cornea trout the most unscrupulous advocate of the Mill Lords themselves 1 It is from the pages { of the Manchester Guardian , and therefore we may rest assured that not one point in it , to the disparagement or disadvantage of the MONSTERS of the Mill , is over-stated . That every Milloorat throughout the land will be prepared to stake bis existence on ; and so firmly persuaded are we of the correctness of the assumption , that we dare join them in the penalty .

      Here it is then . Here is the record of the MONSTERS' doings . Here is a sample of Millocrats' care tot the well-being and comfort of those who create the wealth that makes the Migrate

      Untitled Article

      great . " Here is an evidence of the terms of " kindness , " and " Bympatby" that subsists between the Mill-Lord-Employer and the enslaved Employed . Here it is : ....-,. ' . A Hard Case . —At the Rochdale petty sessions , on Monday last ( the magistrates on the bench being Messrs . Clement Roy da , W . Chadwick , H . Kelsalf , and the Rev . Mr . Cotton ) , the case ' of Joseph Taylor , silk weaver , Middleton , against Messrs . Benneoca and Co ., calico printers and manufacturers , of Belfield , near Roondale , for wages , &c , came on ; when Mr . Hunt , solicitor , who voluntarily appeared on behalf Of Taylor , f aid , be had one' of the most

      extraordinary cases to lay before the beach relative to Taylor , he ever heard of . He said the bench would recollect , that a few weeks ago , Taylor summoned his employers , the abovefirm , for wages for weaving two cuts of p inted cotton warp and wonted weft , at 3 a . M . per cut . At that time , the putterout , John Hudson , aflas John Hargreaves , had rer used ' to pay the wages on . the ground that tho weaver had put toomuch weft ia the wotkVhowaver , the case was referred to arbitation , and he had to pay the money . Taylor , he said ; had another cut to weave ofthewarp , and on account of making one of the cuts too strong , he wanted worsted to weave about 7 yards . He had applied at the warehouse several times , and the putter-out had ' refused to -either sell or allow

      him any .- ^ Two witnesses stated , that when the case had been referred to zrhitrsAian , they Heard Hudson tell Taylor that he would neither allow , nor ' sett him weft to finish his warp : And that HE would havb HIM PUNISHED IF HE PURCHASED ' AKS >— -John TttTner , a weaver in the above firm , said , he had got worsted from the putter-out for Taylor to finish th « work , but theputter » ouVb : a 4 ' 'foUowe ; d ' - ! bua : t 0 ' a . ' piii > lie-house , and taken it from him again . —Mr . Hum said , his client was unable to appear agaiast Messrs Benecca and Co . The summons had been taken out on Wednesday last by Taylor ;¦ but , ' on FriDat AFTERNOON , HE WAS TAKEN BEFORE THE MAGISTRATES AT HaSLINGDEN , AND COMMITTED FOB . ONI month , ON A CHARGE OF HAVING

      EMBEZZLED THE VERY SAME PIECE HE

      HAD IN THE LOOM , WHICH HE HAD BEEN PREVENTED FROM FINISHINO , OWING TO THE PUTTER-OUT . REFUSING TO ALLOW HIM WORSTED TO WEAVE IT . The Rev . Richard Durnfbrd , rector of Middleton , said , Taylor was a hard-working' man , and he thought he had been badly used .--The magistrates replied , they had no doubt of it j and they were of opinion Messrs . Benecca and Co . were not aware of the circumstances of the case , or they would not have acted as they had done . —The putter-oat being asked why the affair had been taken to Haslingdea , replied , that tf had been taken theretldjjfeinstigatim

      of the inspeetotfpfiiforstea ana his jsmploters , xne bench was of opinion the Heslingdeia , magistrates would never hate committed Taylor if they had been made thoroughly acquainted with'the case . He ( Taylor ) replied , that his friends followed his brother to Haslingaen , but on their-arrival there he was committed . It was also stated , that JohnTurner , another weaver at Middleton , and Robert Briggs , of Hey wood , wbrb also dragged , or conveyed in a VAN TO HASLINGDEN , ON FRIDAT AFTERNOON , AND COMMITTED A MONTH EACH ON SIMILAR CHARGES brought bt { he SAKE fibk . -The magistrates ,

      who are acquainted with the whole of the circumstances connected with Taylor , thought it one of the hardest cases that had ever come before them , aad gave orders to Mr . Hunt , solicitor , to lose no time in making the case of Taylor known to the Haslingden magistrates . They thought Messrs . Benecca and Co . had acted very wrong in taking the case to Haslingden , as the Rochdale magistrates were well acquainted with the circumstances . Taylor , we understand , is a widower with seven children , and bears a most excellknt character . —Manchester Guardian . Deo . 6 , 1843 .

      Now , what does the reader think of that ? Could that be matched ! Is there e'er a devil on . earth that could hit on such an infernal scheme of REVENGE as Benecca and Co . have devised to obtain vengeance on their poor slaves for success- , fully resisting their purposed ROBBERY ! Talk of Algiers , and Algerine dispositionsj talk of tbe tyranny of the Russian Bear , with hkexUements to the wilds of Siberia ; talk of thV most despotic tyrant that exists , or that history records ; talk of the most cruel , tho most mean , and the most base of mankind : talk of all these , and the Beneccas outtop tbem all in utter meanness , despicable dastardly baseness , and fiendish malice .

      O , yes ! the Lords of th « Mill are a " sympathetic" crew ! O , they are careful of the welfare of those who do the work , and coin their heartstrings into gold . They "muzzle not the ox while he treadeth out the corn . " They would give him " cfteap-bread "; aye , even against bis will . O , they are considerate , kind-hearted beings ; who can see , and bemoan , and bewail the hardships put upon the labouring agiculturiflts , ' by th «

      " tyrant ; landlords , " " whose cup is filled with blood" ! O , they can snuffle , and sing , and whine and pray ; can look demure , and turn up the eye , and ask for heaven ' s blessing on " them and theirs" ; can cant and blaspheme by outwardly affecting piety , while the heart is as hard as the nether millston 3 , and the hands full of iniquity . Base hypocrites ! Waited sepulchres 1 Fair outsidb ; FULL OP ROTTENBSS WITHIN !

      " Aae Centers' J Hosemtnt

      " aae Centers' J HoSemtnt

      The Jtorthern Star Saturday, December 9, 1843.

      THE JTORTHERN STAR SATURDAY , DECEMBER 9 , 1843 .

      Untitled Article

      THE OASTLER LIBERTY FUND . The work progresses bravely . Our pages this week abundantly testify to that fact . The chord has been struck at last . Oastler will be free » from his unjust confinement ; and greater scope will be given to his powers of doing good . There is by far too little honesty in the world ; and we certainly cannot afford to bury one of the best portion's that we have in a dungeon . It is there now ! Tho people have the key : they are now uulockiag the door .

      Next week Lancashire begins . The commencement is at Manchester . Let that commencement bo a good one I But why urge the Lancashire men to their duty t When were they ever behind ! Certainly not ia the numerous struggles in Labour ' s cause . They will not be lagging now , '¦ - The preparations for the meeting will be learned from the following address . Let the call made upon the men of Manchester be well responded to . To the People of Lancashire , Cheshire , and Derbyshire .

      The Central Committee , appointed ( for the time being ) for the purpose of raising the " Oastler Liberty Fund" within these counties , have to announce that they have determined on holding a public meeting ofthefriendB of Mr . Oastler , at the Corn Exchange , in Manchester , on Thursday , the 14 th instant , at half-past seven o ' clock , precisely , in the evening , to take into consideration the best means of raising the fund and t » appoint a permanent Committee , and make all other necessary arrangements for that purpose . The Committee feel that , having taken upon them to call this public meeting without the preparation and means of excitement usually resorted to on such coasiona , they have fairiv placed Mr . Oaatltr ' i

      cause in the hands of those who are his friends , as * the friends of such as he is , so far as that cause depends on this district of the country . On tbf attendance that is to be given at the meeting in the Corn Exchange , and on the exertion—the willing and voluntary exertions , that are to be afterwards made , will depend the question whether or not th « people of Lancashire ; Cheshire , and Derbyshire are to be deemed fche eqaals of those good men in Y 01 K * shire who are now doing immortal honour to theaselyes and their country by their most snecestfoj . efforts in this cause ; or whether they shall be , henceforth branded as a more than commonly degenerate race , haying neither the patriotism of their forefathers , nor the liberality of their contemporaries . : :

      Mr . Oastler is a man of great talent , of undoub ted honesty , of undaunted courage , who has lost m wealth aad his liberty , without the remotest enanee ot gain to him in ' his successful endeavours » benefit his fellowcountrymen . Such a nW / 1 !* patriot , whatever nick-name of party he n > " ^ J to bear j andjwe congratulate you most heartily M »» in Yorkshire , at least , there are good nwi *»* r admiration ol the patriot is stronger than tne vtv « - . mels ot ( notion . Lobd Kenyos , Mb . B * w » ° *

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      We trust that some good Rochdale friend will look out for the conclusion , of this case , and apprise tis of it . We wait to know what the Haslingdeo Magistrates will say to the application of Mr . Hunt . We want to hear of the termination The excellent conduct of Mr . Hunt in this business ought not to be silently passed over . He appeared voluntarily . Great praise is due to him for so doing . We are sure he will have the grateful thanks of every son of toil who hears of the case ; and we most heartily accord him oum One single word in his ear . Will not an action for false imprisonment lie ? Should it not be tried ? Surely , the people of Rochdale will afford tho

      means .

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      4 , THE . NORJHBRN . § IT ^ R . | ^___

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 9, 1843, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct680/page/4/