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Northern Star (1837-1852), 25th November 1843, Edition 3 of 7, Page 4

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  • Departments (3)
    • THE "REBECCA" MOVEMENT
    • THE LANCASTER TRIALS.
    • THE NORTHERN STAR. SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 25, 1843.
  • Adverts (1)
  • Text (8)
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      Untitled Ad

      T > ARTIES desirous to perfect their seta of this JT v&laable "Work , -will do well to apply immc-¦ diaiely , as there is but a limited quantity of some of the numbers now on hand . Every Chartist ought to be in possession of this Record of the great Chabtist Tbiumph over the Tory Government . It was the best and most successful legal fight the Movement party ever had . The example then afforded may be followed , fiith advantage , by the Defendants in Ireland . A few Copies of that excellent Work , THE STATE OF IRELAND , JT AUTHUB O ' CONSOK , remain on hand , and may be had in two Numbers , at Fourpenoe each . No Man can understand the position of Ireland , or the bearing of Irish Questions , who is not conversant with this perfect picture of Ireland's Condition ; the causes of her degradation , and the Remedies for her manifold evils . London , Cleave ; Manchester , Heywood ; Leeds , Hobson , Northern Star QfBca ; and ali Booksellers .

      The "Rebecca" Movement

      THE " REBECCA" MOVEMENT

      Untitled Article

      MSSSXSG 05 TBTSIEES Of IHE CABMiKIHES MilS TSCsT . —A meeting of the abore Trustees -was feeI 3 en Fiiday last iu the Talbsfc Inn , Mr . 3 iorris in the chair . The subject it the removal of the gates at Xlandovery ana Pentrebscn , to be replaced by another In a central situation , Tras brought again before the meetings when Mr . Stephen JeDes stated that he had an objection to a toll-house being erected on his property , as , if the gatej were discontinued , parties of loose character might become tenante of the house , and damage might be done to hl 3 woods In the neighbourhood He therefore declined the proposal which had been made to him . The Clerk stated that he had no doubt ihat Mr . GoJerich would have no objection to the tollhouse being erected on bis land , and it was ordered accordingly ; the land to be paid for on "valuation . Mi Ballen , toll-contractor , presented iis Mil for the

      loss ho had sustained is this trust , in consequent of Sie — Rsbecca" outrages ; he had added the whole amount of the receipts together , and compared them with those of the prerions year . He found that the deficiency m the present yearamonnled to ^ 314123 4 d , and he claimed that this sum , therefore , be allowed Slim . The Chairman was of opinion that this was not a iaii xntlhod of TP ? fl"Tig the calculation , and that the more common course would bo for Mr . B . to have stated the length of time that the gates were down , and mo tens taken ; tben to bare ascertained ~ the amennt taken doling the same periods in the former year , and te hare claimed this sum as compensation for bit loss . So few trustees being present , the matter was left cYer to the next meeting . Sundry small b 2 is were presented and ordered to be paid . The meeting was adjourned to Friday , the 20 th of December .

      1 nc £ XI > ia £ T Fire . —On Tuesday morning last , about half-past four o ' clock , the out-houBes of a farm c&lled liwynffynnonioa , in the parish of-IAanegwad , about two miles from Brechia , were ret on fire , when Ihs whole-were entirely destroyed ; lnctfly , tbe dweVi Ing-h&nse escaped the cotfiisMKoa . Id consetjaenefi of Sie wind blowing from ihe Eortli . It appears the fermfcense vat unoccupied , but a sew tenant was expected to take possession on the following day . It is supposed that Becca and her daughters thought proper to hare recourse to this mode of revenge upon the in-coming tenant , because be became the successor of another who

      bad given Ma landlord notice of quitting ; and accordingly did leave the place on tha 39 th cf September last . The ont-housea were set fire to in four different places ; and some person is tie neighbourhood passing at that time ; saw a man with a light in his hand on the premises , but passed on naturally thinking he was tbe new tenant There can ie « Jonbt thai this ^ sgrzssetol oatrage is ibewoik of that midnight marauder , Becca and he * c&pring . as trin b © seen py tie following" threatening letter , sent to the in-coming tenant , which is evidently the production of that Lady or one of her daughters : —

      Sib—Inasmuch as we have takf n in hand to take Tiew of those burdens which so hfavUy oppress us , as ' a country and neighbourhood , we have thought fit to adopt some measures in order to remove the cause of sacb oppressions . We class among the number of fcardabips with -wiaca we cave to contend , the enormous rents we have t % pay , an oppression which actually redacts us to ruin ; and when any farmer applies to his landlord that be declines holding his tenement at the customary rent , with a- Tiew of obtaining a reduction in his rent , in order to save himself from ruin , another shameless devil comes forward and proposes to give more for tbe said tenement than the apparent outgoing tenant . We have been informed that you are

      gnitty of tbe j > elf- * ame transgression , which is virtually prohibited in the Bible , and reason also loudly proclaims against such conduct . In consequence of your coveting a farm , called Llaimffynonynedd , in the parish of Uanegwad , sow occupied by Rachel Janes , we deem it advisable to inform you that we do not allow you or any other indrridual to be so daringly audacious and impudent , a » to mate s&y proposal or oSex to the land * lord of the said tenant , and thereby precipitately cast oat the said person ( viz-, the present tenant ) . Be ao kind as to give Rachel thorough fairplay ; and we desire also to put you in possession of this , that we do sot bcJisve that you will escape the chastisement of Becca , I am one who uphold fairplay .

      The Cosstabtilabt Foucb of Carmarthenshire { exclusive of the borough town of Carmarthen , which does Dot pay towards the county police rate ) consists of one chief constable , six superintendents , and fifty Serjeants and constables ! tbe annual expense charged in the county rate for their support is about £ 4 , S 00 . Of this amount , no less a torn than £ 1 , 37-1 is swallowed up in the salaries of the chief constable . and superintendents ^ and is the following proportions : —chief © anrt&Me , £ iaO ; superintendents , £ 154 each , exclusive of elolhing , travelling allowances , dec Thus we have a superintendent to every eight constables . Thz COHi £ iS 5 T 0 ? f op Isqctbv is prosecuting its labours . What may be the result of the inquiries made 3 s seareeTy yet evro matter of speculation ! but one good will be at aU events effected—the Temoval of a •¦ plunder station , " erected without even tbe semblance of late . The head Commissioner , Mr . Frsakland Lewis , his addressed the following letter

      TO THE TRUSTEES 07 THE SXDWBLLT TBCST . GKSTLntK ? , —I have been informed by Mr , Skacey , j Clerk to tbe 'Kidwelly Trust , that the renter of the Gate ; at Pcrth-Bhyd , which , is in the Three Commotts Trust , ; bu pat a chain across a road not in that Trust , but in thfc Eldtrelly Trust , at the point where the two roads j intersect each other . _ i 3 &r . SVseey informs me , that , as Trustees of the Kid- Welly Trust , you have made no order , and given no ' authority , to establish , a Gate , or Bit , at that place ; > and that the renter of the tolls is in no way justified in ; obstructing passengers , or in demanding tolls thereat . ;

      The CommisBionfira entertain ao doubt that tbe TTrosteea of the jtidweDy Trust , wBl , without delay , ascertain whether Mr . Sfcaeey has , or has sot been correctly informed . And if the facts turn , on investigation , to fce as stated , that they will take steps to prevent the existence of an illegal obstruction to the free passage of a public highway , which ought not any time to be endured , far less bo in the present excited state of the public mind in their districts . Mr . Staeey informs the Commissioners that the toll laker gives a ticket of the Three Commotts Trust to those who pay at tbe Chain which he sets up in the 3 Ddwelly Trusts and this tit-fees , trbea -presented at ttfi ElwSilly G&tft , is Jioperiy held io bo of do avail . The Comraiaslonera are fully persuaded that the Truslees will gladly exert themselves to examine into an alleged wrong , which is stated to be exercised under colour of their authority . I have the honour to be , Gentlemen , Tour faithful servant .

      TB » Ka 5 F&ASKUL 9 P 1 * 21 * 18 . 1 Carmarthen , 2 fov . 10 . 1843 . . . j Oovarrmx of Tttestt-sjx REBECCaITXS . —The SoiXenring is tbe result of the upprebension of the Bebeccsites for pulling down tire ' gates ann destrojib ? the i toll-hoEses at Pjifamerfa-andFirfjguard on the 11 th of September last They were examined before Mr . H . O- j Owen , Tiee-Lieutenant of the county , and a foil bench ' of magistrates , at Kabguird . William Owen ( the Lady Rebecca ) , James Gwynr-e , and Thomas Gwynne , were i committed \ o the next as& ' zss , but were held to bail , i themselves in £ W 0 e&eb , and two sureties in £ 50 each , David John , William Thomas , Thomas Griffiths , Emlyn Griffiths , Owen Jrnkins , Jama Morgan , Wa . Grsmths , Wu . Barzey , Thomas WlHiams , Edward

      Harries . John Phillips , William John , Thos . Nicholas , "William Boberta , Daniel Davies , William Jentins , James Owen , James Phillips , David-Phil-Zips , Gtorse Morse , Thomas Ef wards , Thomas Morse , and David Grifithe , were fnJly committed , and held to bail , themselves in £ 50 each , and two sureties ir £ 25 each- 33 js excitement in the town Was very great , psrHealarfy as x ^ srded the infor mants , Thomas "Williams and hi » wife , who were obliged to be guarded &sy and fright from the barracks to the Commercial Inn , where tbe magistrates sat The prisoners were confined in the Market-bonne , surrouBded by a trebje guard of marines . Tbe Commercial Inn was also strongly guarded during the time the magistrates were Kiting .

      Untitled Article

      their opinions on the subject to me ; and I will lay them before tbe Central Committee of tbe above body , for the purpose of consideration . Secondly , the plan as advertised in last week ' s Star , it another effectual mode of Assisting ourselves . I mean the Operative Tailors' Association , and Joist Stock Clothes' Company , established for the purpose of giving employment to its members , by uniting their small m « ans , to enable them to open establishments in various parts of London for the supply of clothes , to the working classes and others . The design of this Association fa to created home market for our own labour ; to briny into active co-operation all trades , such as shoemakers , hatters , bakers , builders , sempstresses , itc , to effect an exchange of produce through tbe present circulating

      medium . Let all of the above trades and others assist the tailors , by becoming shareholders in tbe above concern ; and tbe tailors in return will assist the shoemakers , && ; each and all having an interest in each Joist Stock Trading Company . By these means we shall bseome customers te eacu other . There will bo an Identity of interests ; it will be the means ef keeping a portion of that capital within oar grasp that la now used by the moneyocraoy to perpetuate that baneful and awful system of competition which is fast sinking the working classes of this country . The anti-Corn Law League say their opposition to the Corn Laws , arises from a desire to break the right arm of the landed aristocracy : our object should ba to break the right arm of the mem ^ oeraey . the greatest tyrarii of all . Hera i « a wide field for alL Oar female frienda should nnite tegether npon the same principle , Bed establish a company of their own , making the

      price of the shares come within their means ; the males also taking up shares for the purpose of assisting them . Where is there a man amongst ua who would not be glad to purchase his shirt , or any other article that they way have to dispose of , instead of - their being compelled , as at present , to make shirts for capitalists at three halfpence and five farthings each ? Why not the glovers of Leicester , who a * e now on strike , commence for themselves , Sufi send their prodnee to the companies of London ; also the stocking makers , ko . In fact , let us adopt the general principle of trading for , and with each other . I rejoice that the tailors have set the first example . They hold their meetings every Tuesday evening , at tbe Hope Coffee Hoase , Farringdon-street , City . Do yon follow it , both political and social Reformers . By wise arrangement * this can be carried into effect . It will be the means of crippling the resources of the tyrants , as well as securing to ourselves the reward of eur industry . ;

      7 he third and last proposition , but not least , is that we should never lose sight of the necessity of obtaining political power ; for without it we ahonld never be sb 3 s to proeet oar labour— -without it we shall continue tD be WhAt We &K—slaves of the -wont description ; without it our liberties will nerer be respected . In short we require political power as a means . The National Charter Association have already agreed to go npon the land aa soon as practicabla Where should those who go upon the land seek for a market for their produce but among those who have a direct interest in keeping them there ? The trading companies will re-* 3 ire their produce ; ttjey from the trading companies in return .

      In submitting these propositions for your consideration , I am actuated but by one motive—that of assisting and protecting ourseives , by placing us in a better position to demand political freedom ; for , rest assured , if the day of our redemption takes place , it must be by our own means . The working classes must workout their own ealvatien , by , as B . Peel has said , " taking their own affairs into their own hands . " 1 am , fellow-workmen , yours respectfully , J . W . Pauxbr , Suffolk Coffee House , Old Bailey .

      The Lancaster Trials.

      THE LANCASTER TRIALS .

      Untitled Article

      IRELAlsT ) AND THE IRISH . The latest intelligence of which we can avail ourselves from Ireland leaves th * dispute between Mr . T . B . C . Sxith and the Irish nation in statu quo ; and having little to add on the subject of the squabble to what we have already said , we now travel out of the mazes of the law and leave the political labrynth for the purpose of considering the people . In truth , it is high time thai Borne thought be given to the nation , even though the legal tools and political irons be allowed to cool tbe while . We have ever argned the justice ^ the propriety , the necessity , the expediency , and the indispensabiihy of repealing the act of Union .

      Apart from our well-known opinions upon the grand principle of democracy however , we are bound to enter the fitfld of general discussion with those who , apart from politics , see ike wants of Ireland , and are prepared to adminfeter what they call practical remedies . We rexrefcijiat this class though numerous , is unrepresented innsling : because the whole value of the squabble to the two powerful parties in the state consists in the political uses to

      which they can respectively turn them . Hence we find the Whig portion of the press palliating , if not commending in 2 * 43 , acts , to suppress which they passed & Coercion Bill in 1833 . Indeed , unless we can make a strong legal distinction between a rich man and a poor man , we are at a loss to know with what colour or pretext the Whigs , in 1843 , can censure Ministerial stringency in the Law Courts , while in 1853 they substituted Courts' Martial in their stead .

      We did not reserve our stnetures for the purpose of trampling upon the conquered . We used them in their palmy days as warnings of what would come . We had reminded them , time after time , that their acts while in ciB . ee would render their opposition to Tory domination valueless , unavailing , factious , and pointless . It is even so . Not an act , however cruel or anti-democratic that may be proposed hy the Torj Government , ^ ° "Winch "Whig opposition may not be thus met and silenced : " the measure is a modification of your mtn . " We now leave the field

      of faction , and turn to a consideration of those means by which , even after a Repeal of the Union , the condition of the Irish people can be alone improved . Ireland has not more reason to complain of the anti-national than she has of the anti-social evils consequent upon the Legislative Union . The great and crying evil arisiflg out of the act of Union is , that the weak nation was neglected , and kept weak ; while the strong nation was strengthened and made stronger at its ezpence . Being bound by a legislative bond , the representative body ,

      —consisting for the most part of Englishmen whollj ignorant of the history of Ireland , tlie character of her people , her resources , and the means of developing ihemj and taking their notions Of the OOHntTJ from the privileged Irish members of the Protestant party , who were alone eligible to sit in Parliament , and who were interested in magnifying the vices of the Irish character as a justification for their own tyranny ; the legislature bo constituted , and without reference to a difference of position , has legislated for Ireland as if that country was part and parcel

      of England . Tins thej have committed the error of governing two people , —diametrically opposite in their pursuits , their characters , their manners and their customs—by the same laws . England being for the most part a manufacturing country , and a large portion of her people having been hastily transformed from an agricultural to a manufacturing life , is now demanding * great organic change in

      consequence of the inapplicability of ancient statates and enstoms to its present position . Ireland is doing nothing more . Ireland has been "legis l ated for , precisely as though she had gone on " pari pawu" iu the march of improvement with England ; whereas the laws by which manufacturing England should be governed have been enacted wholesale for the government of the two countries . But we turn from bvegoaes : and now seeing the Repeal of the

      Untitled Article

      Union to be inevitable , we come to a consideration of those means , apart from any accompanying political measure , by which alone the change can be made beneficial to the people . We pass over the most . irritating questions , believing thai they are but emanations from the great source of political inequality ; and we come at once to the question of questions , the means by which alone the foundation ot future happiness can be laid . We shall not here deal with the question of the Protestant Church or of the inequality of the law . Those we leave as questions to be hereafter

      disposed of by a people rendered politically strong by social improvement . Lord Dcnpebvline , late Speaker of the House of Commons , when auditor to the Irish Estates of the Duke of Bbvonshikb , asked a Mr . Swjoton , one of the Doke ' s under agents , if he could devise any means for the tranquilization of Ireland , and as a mode of suppressing the frequent outbreaks in that country . " Yes '' replied Mr . Swanton , a very easy one . Whenever an outbreak takes place , hang the nearest landlord

      the nearest parson , the nearest magistrate , the nearest solicitor , and the nearest police serjeant upon the nearest tree' , and I pledge myself that you will not hear of another outbreak in thai district . " This opinion was , no donbt , founded upon the belief that those five parties were the instigators to outbreak : and therefore it shall be our present business to deal with the mode of destroying , firstly , their interest in creating , and , secondly , their capability to create , those periodical dl 8 tuibance 9 .

      Ireland being a wholly agricultural country , and so laws being in existence for the derelopement of her agricultural resouroes , we shall firstly , grapple with the Landlord and Tenant question . The poverty , the rebellions , the heart-breakings , the murders , the dissensions , and the expenses arising out of the present system of managing land in Ireland , must be dealt with by the Government with a firm and resolute hand . It is folly to talk of the inability of a Government to interfere with the Landlord ' s title to the raw material , while year after year it deals bo capriciously and injuriously

      with the title of him whose capital is expended upon the land , and the labour of him by whom it is made valuable . Government must interfere ; and that right speedily ; whether under a Legislative Union or a domestic Legislature . The interest of the tenant , and the interest of the labourer cannot be served without e ^ aally serving the interest of th 8 landlord , and therefore it becomes the duty of the Government and Legislature to look into the causes which tend to create dissatisfaction in the minds of those two parties . The uncertainty of tenure , and the legal expence of establishing title , even

      under lease , or accepted proposal , as well as want of capital , are the three great evils that mnBt be boldly met , and instantly destroyed , as regards the tenant . To effect the first objsot- ^ namely , certainty of tenure , the Government have a power to give immunities to ttnants-at-will , or with short leases , which would render the practice disadvantageous to the landlord . and thereby compel him to grant suoh lease as would ensure the full expenditure of the tenant ' s labour and capital . With regard to the second evil ( that of establishing title , even under a lease , against

      a landlord who has all the law upon his side , and all the means of harrassing at his disposal , there is but one remedy ; that of giving an equitable jurisdiction , in all such cases , to the Assistant Barrister at Quarter Sessions ; and who shall be bound to decide upon the equity , and not upon the law , of the case ; the evidence for his governance to bo furnished by the clerk of a County Court , where all leases should be registered at the landlord ' s expense , and who should be bound to attend with notice of the case ? to come on at every Quarter Sessions : the Barrister ' s judgment , if in favour of the title , to

      be conclssive ; and if against the title , the tenant shall have a right to appeal to a Jury , to be then summoned , for the purpose of adjudicating upon an issue submitted by the Barrister . In cases of portions of rent being paid upon account , a mere acknowledgment upon unstamped paper should be admitted as proof ; and in all cases , the right of distress should be taken away , and the landlord , like all other creditors , should be thrown upon his action for the recovery of his rent ; and , fair dealing being the object , me should have as prompt and inexpensive a mode of redress as is accorded to the tenant .

      The practice of distraining cattle , of impounding , selling them by auetion , and buying them in , by the middleman , for very frequently not a twentieth of their value , while no account of the sale is ever rendered , leads to more extensive disturbance , and subsequent evil results , than almost any other grievance . ' It iB not at all unusual for a middleman , accompanied by a host of under-tenants , to drive off the whole stock of some unfortunate tenant to a distant pound in the dead hour of night ; while the tenant , to protect himself against the aggression of the middleman , has paid bis rent to , and holds the

      receipt of the head landlord . Thus situated , the poor tenant has no alternative but to replevy the stock at a great expense ; while he is compelled to give security for double the value , until the case shall be disposed of in the Sheriff ' s Court . If , upon the other hand , he cannot procure the required security , his cattle are allowed to stand in a cold pound nntii tbe dsy of auction , when the poundkeeper presents him with an enormous bill for fodder never astd . Will any man say that a tenant so treated , and thrown for protection upon

      expensive and dilatory law , which he ' eannot procure , is not justified in taking the summary law into hiB own hands \ In many cases , he does do so : and many is the man who has been hung in olden times , and many is the honest man now working in chains , for having STOLEN his own property from the thief who stole it from him in the dead hour of night . Is this , we would ask , a * ' practical grievance" ! and are the family of the expatriated victim likely to be admirers or voluntary obeyers of those laws by which ruin and desolation has been brought upon them !

      As it would be impossible to discuss these allimportant subjects in one or two articles , we shall continue to animadvert upon those great social changes which are indispensable to the very salvation of the Irish people . Meantime we would direct the attention of Mr . O'Co > seil to that course which is now being pursued by the English Chartists ; namely the familiarir . ng the public mind with those salutary changes to be produced by the achievement of their political principles . The Chartists dealt in declamation until they had created a public opinion against those wroags endured by the working people . That

      opinion being created , they are now engaged in directing attention to the advantages calculated to flow from a change to their projected system . Mr . O'CoNNELL has tho advantage of more enthusiastic and confiding disciples ; he has a whole nation at his back ; and in order to strengthen him in bis demand for political equality , as the sonrce of justice , we would counsel him also to turn from declamation to practice , and to develope to the Irish people , not Bi > much the injustice they have suffered as the prosperity , the comfort , and the abundaace they are capable of achieving . To this end let him call to hiB

      couscils men not learned in the law ; but informed of the capabilities of the sountry and the people '; and let kim draw up such a digest ( which he can do ) as will convince not only Irishmen but Esglishmen , that there is yet thelmeans of enriching the poor without trenching on a single privilege of the rich . We will be bound to say that with one fortnight ' s labour , and assisted by such men , Mr . O ' CoMMaio . would exhibit a balance sheet in favour of the new against the old system , which would tura Irish agitation into- a universal demand , before which the strongest government should quail and bend .

      The political question is sufficient to ' excite the democratic mind of England ; but the financial features must be developed , in order to ensure the co-operation of the middle and monied classes . Let Mr . O'Cohsbxl then try his hand for one short month in the Cabinet ; and without requiring any

      Untitled Article

      declamation for that period , the weekly reports of Ma social compilation , delivered in the Conciliation Hall , will , without committing himself , or even mentioning Repeal , feed the flame , and nurture the desire for suoh a rule as will produce such ab « on ; while : the very publication of a compendium of his labours would bring him in more money than the national tribute . Seeing hiB power to effeot good , it shall be our study to streagthen rather than to weaken Mm ; while , by way of caution , we would now remind him , that O'Connell ' s self can only destroy O'Conneix . We shall continue the subject until all shall learn who do not wish to remain ignorant .

      Untitled Article

      THE ROBBING TRUCK SYSTEM . On many occasions we have brought to the notice of the publio the fact that several statute laws , passed ostensibly and avowedly for the protection of the workifig population , have been openly set at nought ; their provisions disregarded by the employers of labour , without , as it would appear , either fear or care as to the consequences ; and indeed , judging from the impunity which has been accorded t © the tramplers-upon the positive requirements of law , it would seem that there was not muoh reason why they should either fear or care ; for the " consequences ' hitherto have almost invariably been , not only exemption from punishment , but a pocketting of the " plunder" that could by these means be wrung from the lap of ill-requited industry .

      The law against Truck affords a remarkable instance of tbe disregard to which we have alluded . The requirements of that law are positive , plain , palpable ; the penalties many , and easily enforced : and yet it is notorious that this said law is set at nought , trodden under foott every day we live . In several extensive districts of the country the practice of Tadck is almost universal . There is no secret , no disguise , about the matter . It is hotorious ; known to all ; and the parties practising it not only dare to look their fellow-men in the face , but also regularly appear at church or chapel ; snivelling there as loud and as long as the rest of the canting tribe ; and sit : and hear , composedly and undismayed , the denunciations of God himsel f fulminated against the men that " defraud the labourer of his hire . "

      In the performance of our duty , as advocates for the toiling and the toil-worn , we have often had to expose and drag to the blazs of day the infamous practices of infamous thieving men , in the matter of Trock . We have had to give remarkable instances of peculiar oppression and fraud . ; and have more than once showed the means that exist to put the practice down . On the present occasion we have to put the ' reader in possession of a case , where the law has been made to reach the guilty parties . That case is vastly important . It teaches the working people how to go to work , to get "justice . " Thk law is there : and wherever there is a case of thuck . , the workman who is made to suffer , ought to take advantage of it .

      It » also manifestly the interest of the general shopkeepers to unite , as at Rochdale , to aid and protect the working man in his appeal to the Bench . The Truck system must be injurious to them . It supersedes their business altogether . If the men were not tied to the master ' s tommy-shop , and forced to take from him shop-goods at twentyfive per cent , above the market value , the men would have their wages , small though they may be , to spend among the legitimate shopkeepers . As it is , they are not able to go near them . Thus deprived of custom , they are cheated out of their profits ; robbed of the legitimate means of living . How slavish then must they be ; how devoid of publio spirit ; how cowod ; bow broken down to the very earth , are they , when they quietly permit

      themselves tq be thus treated . Why do not they " spirit on" the men to lay informations ) Why do not they look out for cases , and get all the particulars in legal train 1 Why do not they unite amongst themselves , » nd form a fund to defray expences in case of defeat ; and to render support in particular instance * of master ' s vengeance , evinced in tho "turning-off" ! of the justice-seeking workman ? If the Shopkeepers had a . n atom ° ? publio spirit ; nay did they know and oare for their own duty to themselves , they could soon rid us of the Truck system , root and branch . The following case , which phows both shopkeepers and workmen their duty , was transmitted to us by a oorrespondent . He accompanied it by a fewjremarks , from which we give the following : —

      • * Blethering Dickey Cobden , and Bright John ^ with their whole clan of mock-humanity mongers , may shed rivers of crocodilian tears over the miseries of the " bread tax'd ' white slave victims ; they may pluck a quill from the sooty wing ' of the archfiend himself , and dip it into the bile of his satanio liver to write their abuses , and maledictions of the landlords they may denounce them with the malignity of fiends , and call to their assistance the whole of the press-gang ; they may expend five times 'a hundred thousand P 0 UN » i' in lying corncraik tracts , and travelling pedlars ' expences' to preach up the * virtues' of the ootton-lordB , and the excellencies of the factory system ; but who can believe them sincere in their wish to ameliorate the

      condition of the toiling millions , when such startling facts as the following meet the eye of the British public ! Andthi 8 is , alas ! but one solitary case ; one isolated proof of the hypocrisy , cant , and blarney , of the grasping , icy -hearted javarioe ; of the barefaced , wholesale robbery of that horde of thieves —The Lob » 3 of the long « h ] mneys . " Rooedale . —On Monday the Court was crowded to excess . The Magistrates upon the Bench were Clement Koyds , Wm . Chadwick , Gao . Ashworth , and James Taylor , Esquires . Samuel Kerehaw and Mark Heywood , powerloom fustian weavers , summoned Messrs . John Baron . Richard Tattersail , and James Tattersal ) ,

      fustian manufacturers , of Bamford , near Hey wood , for having paid their wages in goods of various kinds iaatead of paying theai in mouey . Mr . Richard Hunt , solicitor , appeared on the behalf of the complainants , ana Mr . WDitonead , solicitor , on behalf of the defendants . It appeared that defendants have a cotton mill at Bramford , besides which they are partners in an extensive colliery in their immediate neighbourhood . Mtissrs , Tattersall also keep an extensive shop near tbe ¦ works . This case caused considerable excitement ; more so , perhaps on account of an association established at Rochdale for the parpoae of putting down the Truck System , which iB well known to be carried on to a great

      extent amongst some of the manufacturers and Coal Kings , in the vicinity . Mr . Hunt read the Act of Parliament against the Truck System . He stated that Kershaw had two distinct cases against the defendants ; one for the 4 th , and the other for the ISth of August . On tbe former date he had been paid a fortnight ' s wages in . gjoods instead of money , and bad been charged thirty-five per cent , higher than any other shops in the same neighbourhood . Kershaw having been sworn , stated that he commenced working in the cotton mill belonging to the defendants about Caratmas last He wove fustian ou the power loams , and v * a paid at the rate of 2 & lid . per tin . His wages

      weuia average about 9 s . a week . Hifi wife worked in the card room , and she had very poor health , and could not earn wueh . The rames of Richard and James Tattersail vrere ov e * the door of tbe shop ; they sold everything that was used by a family ; he beldom got any moaey for wages ; be had occasionally borrowed a shiili »< i or two from tbe book-keeper ; they had a reckoning every other Friday ; but he always was in debt on a pay day . On the 4 th of August , his fortnight ' s wages were Bixteen shillings ; the whole of which were stopped for goods . He did not finger one single farthing . He bad a wife and three small children ; he was charged 4 s . for 201 bs . of flour , while Jack Bell , another shopkeeper in tbe neighbourhood , sold it for Is . 6 cL , the same quality and quantity . Candles were 6 Ad per lb . ; soap the same ; meal Is . 6 d .

      for 121 bs ; old batter lid . per lb . ; brown sugar 9 d . Mr . Hunt said he could purchase the same quality for 6 d . Mr . Whitehead cross-examined Kershaw at considerable length , but elicited nothing favourable to his clients . The complainant said he waa never present when other persons were paid , and he always took a book with htm to the 8 bop , which waa furnished to him by defendants , and Mr . Tattersail or his daughter always wrote in the book ; he seldom drew or paid money ; however , on the 27 th of July , he received a fortnight ' s wages , amounting to 17 s 4 d ; and on the 4 th of August , his wages amounted to 16 s , and it was stopped by Mr . Richard Tattersail for goods . He ( Mr . Richard Tattersail ) always took care to have him by himself when he settled with him . The book-keeper signed for Messrs . Baron and Tattersail , for goods to him , tbe payment fox which had been stopped

      Untitled Article

      out of hia wages . Mr . Richard Tattersnall wished Mr . Baron to be examined ; bat the Magistrates replied , that he being one of the party , although not connected with the shop , he could not be admitted as a witness . Mt . Wbitebead called a number of the workpeople who are now engaged I at the defendant ' s mill , and they all declared that their wages were paid In money . Some of them had seen complainant draw money ; but none of them would speak at to tbe 4 th of August Mr . Rayds said it was a gross case ot the Track System , and j the Bench had decided on convicting Defendants in the penalty of £ l * and costs . Mr . Hunt said his clients would not press the other charges

      on condition that the expences were paid and the shop given up . Mr . Richard Pattern !! replied , that his father formerly kept the shop , and bad been in the habit of turning over £ 5 , 000 per annum , by wholesale and retail . His father was now dead , and they could not draw tbe concern to » close in a hurry , bat they were intending to do so . Mr . Whitehead consulted with the defendants a few minutes , and then agreed to the conditions . Mr . Royds said , as the complainants appeared to be sickly persons , it was ultimately agreed that they should have one-half of the penalty ; and the Association established for putting down the Truck System the of her fce . 'f ,

      After giving the case , our correspondents exclaims " There ! Mr . Editor ; what think you of the religion of this Methodistical Sabbatarian Saint Dicur Tattersall { He jis a beautiful specimen of the genus of land sharks , who , under the specious mask of cant , and the garb of Methq distical sanctity , ( with an appetite ten times more voracious than the Pharisees of the olden times ) , devodr the hotjses op the poor ! a sample of the snivelling crew , who are constantly crying for ' oheap bread , ' WfflLE THBY BOB THEin . POOR WHITE SEBFS OF 34 PEB CENT . OP THE SCANTY WAGES OP THEIR TOIL ! Such

      monsters ought to be branded in the forehead with the words 'Factory Cheap Btead Thief : and had I the offic * of branding committed to my trust , f would take care the characters should be as deeply seared as hot iron j could make them : 'for the land stinks , So numerous is the fry . '" Of all the sickening hypocrisy that can even be conceived , that of an A . nti-Monopoly-bawling , "freetrading , " " cheap-bread" demanding Employer

      pursuing the thieving practise of Tbuck , is surely the mo 3 t hateful ! j Is it possible to imagine of deeper disimulation , or more wicked insincerity , than for a man to dffect great interest on behalf of the working people ; and evince an uncommon anxiety to procure for them ** cheap bread , " at the very time that he is- ] forcing them to tafefc his bread some thirty per ceat . abore the market price ? How sickening to hear a man bawl for " Furm-Trade , " when he will not leave even his workmen free to

      trade with the legitimate shopkeepers of his vicinity ! How sincere must be the loud professions of Aim-Monopoly from the ; mouth of such a wretoh ! And yet , we grieve ! to say there are many such . We must proclaim it as our firm conviction ; a conviction forced from the actual cases that have come under our own observation ; that the majority of Truck .-bters iu Yorkshire and Lancashire will be found to be arrant Free-Traders ; mouthing advocates of " . Cheap Bread , High WaSES , and plenty-to-do . Take the following as a specimen : —

      In the parish of Saddleworth the practice of Truck is in extensiye vogue . Many masters pursue it : but by far the greater part of , them are " Free Traders . " One case ; is deserving of special notice . There is a " master" in that parish , known as " Lord Lotherdalb . " He is crammed up to the throat with " sympathy for the poor ; " would go almost through fire ] and water" to procure for the toiling millions the inestimable blessing of a " cheap loaf : " and yet this' coatender for " Free Trade , " who ties his owa workmen to his own oounter ; this denouncer of monopoly , " has had men in his employ who have not ! touohed a single shilling ( in money ) from him , for wages , during a whole twelve month ! 0 , the blessings of f reedom ! 0 , the sweets of " anti-monopoly" !

      Not long ago , a workmen in the employ of this same Lobd Lotherdalk" applied to his landlord and begged of him to take a piece of cloth in payment for rent ; j for he could not procure money to pay with . He showed the piece that be bad been obliged to take from " Lord Lotherdale" ; and stated ] that it had been valued to him at 14 d . a-yard ; and he desired the landlord to take it from him at that price . The landlord

      happened to be a maker of cloth , and knew something of its worth . He told the applicant that be would furnish him with a far better piece at 10 s . a-yard ; and jthe man had to carry the piece into the neighbourhood of Oldham , and part with it at Hi . a-yard ; to get money to enable him to live and •* pay his way . " There ' s " Free Trade !" This workman was ' * free" to sacrifice nearly oae half of bis earnings before he could command the necessaries of life I I

      That there many " Lord Lotherdales" in the manufacturing districts , is proved by the following article , which we extract from the Sun ; a ' free" trading" journal . We give give it entire ; for ^ t will be found deserving of ' attentive consideration . It is valuable , not only for the facts it contains , but also for the general reasoning ; on the general question . It is altogether most admirable ; especially when we reflect that it is from a League Organ . Here it is : — :

      " Under the heading of Track System Extraordinary , ' in a late number of the Halifam Guardian , we find a most instructive exemplification of tbe evils and oppression connected with a system which we thought nnd long since been exploded . The voice of Parliament has been always so- strong against it—the appeals of the present Lord Hatheiton ( when Mr . Lyttletonl , and other members of the House of Commons , elicited so prompt and ) decided a response from the Legislature , discountenancing and discontinuing the system altogether , that , notwithstanding rumours which have from time to time reached us of its still lingering in particular manufacturing localities , where

      the wealth of the great 1 masters or employers was all powerful , and tbe remonstrances of the operatives futile as to their effect , unless , indeed , in the result of entailing their dismissal !—we could not induce ourselves to give credit to such allegations . But at Oldham , a Kumraona taken oat by ' one of the coal-miners of Mr , William Whitehead , ajlarge colliery proprietor in that neighbourhood , against this gentleman , has ascertained the fact of the existence of the ' Truck System' beyond ail doubt or question , : throughout a large range of lunnufac'uring district . | The nine shillings claimed by the miner bad been deducted by the employer from the wages of the complainant , on account of rent for ' a house which complainant bad never occupied , nor ever seen , nor been offered the key of . ' It had been taken

      from this complainant , ! Brierley , at the rate of one shilling per week , ' although he had to pay rent for another house , under another landlord , at which It was more convenient for him to live . ' Now , the houses which Mr . Whitehead was thus indirectly forcing the complainant and others ^ his fellow miners , to occupy , were upwards of a mile and a half from the colliery where tbey worked . ' The Halifax Guardian assures us tbat' there are hundreds of cases at Oldham , Ashtonunder-Lyne , Rochdale , and other vicinities , where the operatives are forced to ] pap rent tot houses , whether they oocupy them or riot . ' Tbe magistrates severely remonstrated with the colliery-owner , Whitehead , in tbe case immediately before us , ' on hia unreasonable conduct , and ordered the wages claimed to be paid to BtteTley immediately . ' |

      •* Tbe conduct of maater-mannfacturera , collier ; and mine owners , and yiber capitalists , who resort to this nefarions system of defrauding their labourers , and enriching tbemselven by the same operation , is one the social mischief of which is f ally commensurate with its moral dishonesty . Surely it is galling enough for the industrious operative , whose destiny is cast , as it were , in . the class of incessant manual labour , to contemplate their happier fate who succeed to , or have acquired , the means of employing it oa a great stale . It is galling enough for tbe weary artisan to contemplate the coapa 1 rison whicb each passing hour ' s experisaoe forces upon him , bet » reen tbe luxury of their condition , who have only the task of lookingon , * in order to watch tbe well-arrauged processes by which their capital is made to re-produce and multiply itself , with their own doom .

      This ( consequent though lit be on the eternal and inevitable inequalities of the social condition ) is , shortly , to toil from morn till night , | under many sordid aggravations of want , distress , and despondency , in the . scrap * ing together their lesser pittance of the ffaiae talisinanic commodity , money , which , being necessary for the exigencies of their bare subsistence , disappears—by a disastrous inversion ef the principles that govern tho larger masses of capital—with a rapidity that affords so opportunities for increase ! or expansion . But he feels this disparity with tenfold bitterness and force when he sees that those very exigencies , those very hardships , his despondency , bis distress , his want , are converted into engines , in the hand { of hia employer , for decreasing even that modicum of wages , already so fractional aa to hiive subjected him to these painful and humiliating influences . " Let us consider what the operation of the ' Truck ' system is , ou tbe case of the mill , coUiery , or mine

      Untitled Article

      owner , respectively , and on that of tha operatiToi whom the former employs . The former finds , that of the capital invested in his works , such or such a proportion la devoted entirely to wages . His first care is to reduce the rate ot these as lo * a * he can , ao as to diminish the aggregate per centage which tbey repremat , or the cost ( to him ) of production . He finds that the difference between this cost , all incidents included ( with interest on the plant , buildings , and machinery of the concern , * c ) , and the returns be realises , exhibits an average profit—being a certain per centage on the capital so invested . It occurs to him , that by paying & given proportion of the wages of his workmen

      ( which form so large an item in the cose of ^^ production ) in stores and supplies , instead of money , he may mats a twofold profit j that is , that he may purchase tne stores -and-supplies wholesale , and at first hand , with a oonijaeiable profit from the discounts the dealers will allow him for hia ready money or hia short bills ; and that be will sell them to his workmen at some advance even on the retail prices which they would have to pay to their tradesmen . But by this mode of proceeding he puts it out of the power of the operative to go to the best market for flay commodity he may want . He puts it out of the man ' s power to dispense ( as he may desire to do , with the view of hoarding op a little lated

      pittance toz ^ aome contemp purchase or deposit , say at the year ' s end ) with any such commodity altogether For if he have consumed it one week , ag the track book at the store will show in every man ' s case to the manager or overseer , he dares not to discontinue ifc in another . There would be an Inference created against him , immediately , that he had supplied himself with it in some other quarter . And here we may leave what would be the result of such a simple , every day exercise of his own freewill in ft private matter of this kind , to the labourer or artizsn connected with a concern thus manage ^ . Tbere . is , * says the writer in the Halifax Guardian , '» colliery

      in the neighbourhood of Hey wood , near Bury , where tho manager ketps a shop , and all the hands who work at the colliery are forced to purchase provisions at ths shop kept by the manager , or they must have no work . Some of tbe operatives reside two miles from the shop , and yet nearly the whole of the wages are paid in goods , at about fifteen or twenty per cent , higher than at any Bhops in the same neighbourhood . The above system is carried on to an alarming extent , bath among colliery masters and manufacturers . ' Yet , in the face of facts like these , there have been found advocates of thia " atrocious and grinding device even within tbe walls of Parliament , who Would have persuaded the public ,

      if tbey could , that no manufacturers , 01 mine owners , ever encouraged tbe trncfc system , except OUfc of a desire to accommodate their workmen with the best supplies at the cheapest prices . Amiable solicitude of amiable men ! Thus act the despots of the Eist , from the most enlightended of them , the Pacha of Egypt , who flret sets his own prices on all the growing cropi of corn , or millet , or cotton in his dominions—then declares fef firmaun that he is < the only dealer in such commodities , and will pay all men for them , and at such prices ; and , lastly , sets an army on foot to ' superintend' the bringing into his Highnesa ' s granaries and warehouses of the stores of all

      reluctant or refractory contributors—down to the petty Sultanns and Rajas of Pidor , or the Soloo Archipelago , or Sumatra—who being bent on trading with European captains , issue their mandates , with their own autocratic prices annexed , requiring their people to dispose to ithem , the Saltauna and Rajas in question , without the least delay , of their bales of pepper , their betel nut , chank , gold dust , edible birds' nests , or any other commodity , the trade of trafficking in which they ate willing and prepared to take entirely off the hands ef their independent subjects ! Thank God ! the day for such transparent humbugging { we know ot no other term in all the languages that would express our idea ; fit past in EDgland . Track-system capitalists may talk of being actuated , iu this sort of scheme for making the

      workman disgorge a portion of his wretched wages before be has left the pay table , by kindliness and charity on their part and a desire to consult his private interests , alone—to their steam boilers or their furnaces . Such professions are not more substantial than the vapour of the one or the smoke of the other . Bat the same provincial journal from which we have been quoting , supplies us with one other illustration of the results which the comprehensive tiuck » Bystem includes , that we shall leave to speak for itself , as an instructive suggestion of the moral and domestic benefits it must infuse into the social circles of the most hard-working , and the worst paid , classes of our labouring poer : —* A colliery master , near Rochdale , has now a number of ft / nates working at the bottom of the coal-pit . The police have been made acquainted with it . '

      " And we , for our parts , shall not lose sight of this remarkable and unqualified statement . It will doubtless call for future comment . '' To this it is scarcely necessary to add another word . The " points" respecting Truck are strongly put by the Sun . We trust his readers will duly weigh and profit by them I If so , some of the "humbugging" he so forcibly describes , and so earnestly denounces , will be put an end to . - Last week we intimated , in a Note to

      Correspondents , that this thieving practice of Truck had manifested itself in a most unusual and unlooked-for placo ; on the Railway belonging to the North Midland Railway Company . Such is the fact . It has been introduced there ; though not by the Directors of the Company . Stiix it is thekb ; and if the Directors , after thia public "direction" of their attention to the fact , do not interfere TO PUT IT down , they will , they must , be regarded as sanctioning , aiding , and abetting it .

      Tbe facts of the case are these : —The repairing of the North Midland Line , from Leeds to Masbro ' , is contracted for by one Joseph Pickekimj , who resides at Oakenshaw , near Wakefield . His contract is for seven years ; two and a half years of which are now expired . Ho employs at the present time about 200 men , as plate layers and labourers . As a matter of course , they are on all parts of the linei from Leeds to Masbro ' , the extent of his " take . " These men , when in employ , earn 2 i . 6 d . a day . That is the rate at which they are paid ; but as they are not allowed to ork in rainy or frosty weather their earnings will not reach more than 10 s . a week on the average .

      Well , this PicKEBiNG . not content with the profits accruing from his contract , has determined to procure tbat the wages the men earn under him shall be spent at his tommy shop , that he may get the profit which of right belongs to the numerous shopkeepers at all the places where the men live . He has accordingly issued a list of articles he deals in , having opened a store at Oakenshaw ; which list he has had distributed amongst " his men" on all parts of the line , as far as his " take" extends . One of these lists is in our possession ; and it sets forth the prices per stone , per pound , and per ounce , of teas , of coffees , of sugars , of soap , of tobacco , of fruit , and of spices j as weil as of " sundries ; " the latter comprehensive head including all sorts of things , from flour and bacon down to black lead and epsom sales .

      When the lists had been distributed , the " clerk of the works" went round to the men , to " seek for orders . " Cunning Isaac breach of the law there ! Pickebikg thinks he is driving a coachand-six through it in fine style j or rather a " heavy luggage train . " « Seek for orders" indeed ! The poor ten-shilling-a-week men knew the meaning of thai dodge . No " prog , " no work ; no work , no Jiving : so " orders" were given . Now for the result : — Sir , —We see by your valuable journal that you have got scent of the truck shop on the North Midland Railway . Knowing that you are an enemy to tyranny , we send you the particulars of the barefaced robbery practised on us .

      On the 9 th of this month we were requested to ordei from the clerk of the works what we wanted from the Track shop . Against oup will we ordered a little ; knowing if we did not we should have no more wort . The goods were « ordered on the 9 tb inst . and received on the 11 th . When the goods came , we found to one surprise and dismay « larger quantity than im had given orders f * r . As much came as was due for o « r wage * Sir , you should have seen u poor men trudging along the Mne to . owr homea with bag » o » our backs , numbered , and with Pickebjxg ' s name in full on

      them . We have to work hard ; bat it is doubly hard to have no hole © where we shall spaod ow money . We have sampled the gpodi we recsived , with what w « have bo « ght at other markets ; and acoordlBg to tbe opinion of other dealers , we are payUg from twentyfive to thirty per coat , above the market price . Wne » we bought our own goods previous to this Truck Shop , it was an advantage to us from one to two shillings per week . Please , Sir , give this publicity , and you will oblige , THOSS WHO AKE SUFFERING FEoM THB BAND

      OF Oppression . Come that ia prett y good t One or two shillings a-week , bobbed out of ten ! and that from men empbyed on the North Midland Railway . We believa the representation to be perfectly correot . Tie " list of prices nets flour forth at 2 s . 5 d , per stone : the best is selling in Leeds at 2 s . 2 i . Bacon is set forth at 7 d . per lb . ; iu Leeds it can be had at 4 jd .: good at 5 d , ; and " shoulder-pieces " at 6 d . So that , we can readily believe that the things are from 25 to 30 pet cent , abore the market price . But how are the Disectoes of the Railway to ia ' terfere ? What hvtetheytQ do with this matter !

      The Northern Star. Saturday, November 25, 1843.

      THE NORTHERN STAR . SATURDAY , NOVEMBER 25 , 1843 .

      Untitled Article

      CO-CI'ERATIOS— "UNION IS STRENGTH . TO J 0 CBSETME 5 TA 1 L 0 ES A 5 D OTHISS . ' j rixijO-w-WOBEJtES , —Having for some time past ! taken an active part in the Metropolitan Tailors' Pro- ¦ tection Society , I venture to offer an opinion as to what , 1 « onceive to be thei » est mode of protecting ourselves ! trwn vnjost eo-Bipi&tition . Large public meetings have ' t * en held from time to time , of the trade ; all have j agreed in denouncing the argression of the moaey ' tyrants ; tot vre are si sea as to the means of securing - fan protection for our labovs . Many iave been thB ! p . anS pmpOBei Some are for enroTVed benfcfit JOCielOH * i theni for seeming » Ux ^ e fund to support thoae who iBsy become the yiziivoi of their employers ; others for !? i *^ v ^ l *** ? « P « ttWe employers and employed-. aUof ^ hiifc are fulvous ; for whfle ^ j ^ j £ £ ^ - SSS'J '" kbonr prortrate , no £ d can ever ba . ^ Si ^ ^ Jf * atteDtion to ^ e three ^ oiring proposiUonsr-. First , a genena Ilnion f ^ ^ teade , without ex « , ption , boih in town and ^ Sry remateis weHasmales : I ^ femalea ^ fciS tS j lom a lsrgr Ingredient In the labour market . £ L have osf f ortunately , through the present state of tMnzs ;! become our greatestwuipeatot , ; for , where i , Sense 1 of oai utiemptang to brinf our wages up to the original > rtanoard , while there -are thousands of females who ' are compelled to make waistcoats from fourpence each ' and trousers from 6 d . per pair . Indeed , justice de ^ mands that they shall be protected aawell aa ourselves . To carry Into effect tin * object , a national delegate meeting of tbe trade should be called ; to si 1 . aX Birmingham , as tbe centre of England , aa early 43 possible , to agr « e upoa ft plan of union , ractj as Ihe Miners * JLasodation , for Instance , -mbxt have set a

      splendid example to their brethren . We also should take up our position in the ranks of labour , in opposition to all tyranny . We , too , should have our legal adviser ; oai Roberts . We can have tbe KorthcrnSlo as our national organ ; and , if the Miners can do these things , who are as much oppressed as we are , surely we can do the ike . Tbexelore , I ihall take it as a favour if any Individuals in ths kingdom trill communicate

      Untitled Article

      4 ^__ THE NORTHERN STAR i _

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Nov. 25, 1843, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct678/page/4/