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Northern Star (1837-1852), 28th October 1843, Edition 3 of 4, Page 3, MARKET INTELLIGENCE.

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      Untitled Article

      MARCO BOZZ ^ BIS . He fell in an attack upon the TnrWah C&inp . at L&spi , Hiejfiteof the mdentPIaiSBi , Angus 20 th * . 1823 and expired in ttajaoment of victory . Hia last -worda were , f ' Todiefwai ^ uapleasnMbaad iiDtapain , " [ The repablication of these beaoiafal lines Trill not be tcnsiaered inappropriate -with the reeent jlorions events In Greece frtsa in the memories of our readers . AllurioMtotbe daughters of the " modern Leenidas ' wffl be found in our Greek news in another column } . At midnight , in hla guarded tent , — The Turk was dreaming of the hour , "When Greece , her Jmee in suppliance bent . should tremble at his power ; In dreams through camp and eourfc he bore The trophies of a tcroqneror In dreams his Jong of triumph heard , Then wore his monarch ' s signet ring , Thenpressedtfce msnarch ' sthrone—a king ; Ab -wild his thought * and gay of wing , As Eden ' s garden bird . At midnight in the forest shades ,

      Szeuis ranged his Snliote band , True as the steel of their tried blades , Heroes in heart abd hand . There had the Persian ' s thousands stood , There had the glad earth drunk their blood On old Pls ' ei ' s d » y ; And now they breathed that Taunted air , The sons of sires irho conquered therej With arm to strike and soul to dare , As quick , as far as they . * An hsur passed on—the Turk awoke J That bright dream was his hut ; He ^ woke—to bear his sentry ' s shriek ,

      "To arms ! they come ! the Greek ! the Greek ]" He woke—to die . ' midst flune and smoke , And shout , and groan , acd sabre stroke ; And d-ath-chots falling thick and fast like forest pines before the blast , Or " ughtnings from the mountain cloud ; And heard , with roice as trumpet Joud , Bemrria cheer his band j " Strike—tm the last arm'd foe expires , * ' -Strike for your altars and your fires , " Strike for the green . graves of your sires , 11 God—and your native land I " They fought , like brave men , lone and well :

      They piled that ground with Moslem slain They conquered—but Bcszuis fell , Bleeding » t every vein . His few snrvivzBg comrades saw His smile when rang their proud hurrah , ' And the red field was won ^ '" Then saw in death his eylids close Calmly , as to a night ' s repose , like flowers at set of sun . Come to the bridal chamber , Death ! Come to the mother ' s when she feels "Ear the first time , her first-born ' s breath ; Come when the blessed seals Which dose the pestilence are broke , And crowded cities waB it stroke ; Come in consumption ' s ghastly form , The earthquake ' s shock , the ocean storm ; Come when the heart beau high and warm ,

      With banquet-song , and dance , and wine And thou art terrible ; the tear , The gross , the knell , the pall , the bier , And all we know , or oream , or fear Of agony are thine . Bat to the hero , when his sword Has won the battle for the free , . Thy voice sounds like a prophet's word , And in its hollow cones are beard The thanks of millions yet to be . Come , when hi 3 task of fiine is wrought ; Come in her crotming honr ^ and then Tby sunken eyes' nnearthy light To him is welcome as the sight

      Of sky and stars to prisen'd men ; Thy grasp is welcome as the hand Of brother in a foreign-land ; Thy summons welcome as'the cry , "Which told the Ifidian isles are nigh , _^ To the world seeking Qeoaese , When the land ¦ wind , from woods of the palm , And orange groves , and fields of balm , Blew o ' er the Haytien seas . "Bozzaris ! with the storied brave , Greece nurtured in her glory ' s time , Best thee : there ' s no prouder grave , Even in her own prond clime 1 She wore no iuafcral weeds lor tbee > Nor bade the dark hearse wave its plume , like a torn branch from death ' s leafless tree , In sorrow ' s pomp and pageantry , —

      The heartless luxury of the tomb ; But she sumbers thee as one Long-loved and for a season gone . For thee her poefslyrs is wreathed , Her marble wronght , her music breathed , Tot thee she rings the birth-day bells ; Of thee her babe ' s first lisping tells ; For thine her evening prayer is said , At palace couch , and cottage bed . Her soldier , closing with the foe , Gipes ^ foz thy sake a deadlier blow ; His plighted mnidp . n , when the ieaxs

      For him , the joy of her young years Thinks of thy fate , and checks her tears ; And she , the mother of the boys , Though in her eye and faded cheek To read the grief she will not speak , The memory of her b » ried joys ; And even she who save him birth , Will by their pilgrim-circled hearth , Talk of thy doom without a sigh ; For thou ait Freedom ' s now , and Fame ' s One of the few , immortal names , That ¦ were not born to die .

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      THE ERRORS OF EMI 6 RA 2 CT 3 , &e . &e . By Gepbge PiowEB , of Albion . Edward ' s County , Illinois . London : Cleave , Shoe-lane , Fleet street . The author of this "work is a gentleman who , with Jhe la ? e Mr . Morris Birkbeck , toot the lead in forming aa English settlement in the State of Illinois , in the year 1817 . The speculation excited considerable interest at thB time in this country , from the fact of the leading characters engaged therein being men ¦ who were imbned with the ** Radical" principles of ihe day , and -were consequently dissatisfied with ihe political order of things here ; and migh on the otheriand , be supposed to have " expected much from the more democratic institutions of the country

      whither they went pilgrims , seeking a home in the * far West , " where freedom would protect and prosperity reward their labours . Jndging from the worioeforens , -we should Bay , that whilst . a # the anticipations indulged in by the adventurous " pioneers" may not have been realized , the greater and more substantial portion have been . Mr . Flower describes the settlement as being thoroughly established ; and while some have acquired wealth , the whole have acquired aiid are enjoying a high degree of substantial comfor t . The loils , disappointments , and difficulties , of the first stages of their location having been surmounted , the settlers are rapidly progressing , and fast becoming a flourishing community . At

      least such 13 the picture drawn by Mr . Flower , and apparently . with truth and sincerity . The object of the antbor is not bo much to give a history of the settlement , as to warn emigrants against the errers often , —indeed almost invariably , — committed by those Trio havehitherto left Europe in quest of a home OH flie Columbian shore . These errors are severally enumerated in different chapters , and advice and directions given on matters of vital importance j which advice , &c so far as we are competent to nBderBtand its worth , we coEsider to be wise and of surpassing importance , to the adventurer and the exile . Tins little book also affords information of the most valuable description , touching the rise and progress of the Western Etates of the North American Union , statistics of the population , public lands , mineral and agricultural resources ,

      mode 3 and charges of conveyance , description of the different routes to the "far West , " face of the country , climate , general health of the inhabitants , trade ,- politics , education , religion , &c . & . c . Sec The whole i 3 written in a highly pleasing siyle , and enlivened with witty anecdotes . As we pernsed Its pages , we marked a nnmber of passages for extract , but on concluding we found we had marked the greater part of the book 1 We perhaps could give our readers no better proof of oar opinion of its jnerita . From chapter 20 we select a few extracts illustrative of the progress" of iae settlement founded by Messrs . Birkbeck and Flower . After stating that certain circumstances led te an estrangement between himself and'Mx . Birkbeek almost at the very " settling , " which resulted in a division < lf ihe land they had pnrebasBd , ( a prairie iod adjoiniBg woodland ) , Mr . Flower tins proceeds j —

      "A crowd of emigrants Immediately followed , in a constant stream of succession . Murmurs of discontent circulated through the ill-assorted and ill-accommodated tMltaftnflo The inconveniences of a population in ad * 'note of necessary shelter and sometimes of sufficient food , were . then experienced . Provisions bad to be dealt oat by those who had them to tho » who wanted ; iedding , covering of every description , cooking uten-JoJs , bridles , saddles , even from the necessity of the case , Were almost common property ; and this state of difficulty and confusion was doubtless augmented by tfee fcet , that every individual there assembled was utterly ignorant and inexperienced in ih& business of settling in a new country—ignoraut not o »*^ 7 of the difficulties of a new country , but destitute of experience in country life in any country whatever ; for ont'lnlrd at least of that motley population had never bten out of a town er ciSy in England . Common to the occa . « oB irere va-

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      rious jtrange scenes of sudden and conflicting emotions . Anger , joy , vexation , mirth , and imprecations of ten succeeded each other in quick and ludicrous succession . It may well be imagined that those who were the original cause of this congregation of the people in the wilderness , came in occasionally for a share of reproach and abuse , I must now bear testimony that there was much leas-of this feeling than might have been expected ; and a spirit of energy and action prevailed that overcame every obstacle . This elementary confusion soon gave place to comparative order , and very Boon every man went his way , and did that which was right In the sight of his own eyes . Those that had money soon sought and selected lands for themselves in prairies adjacent te the one in which we had settled ; these collected about them a portion of the labourers , some with families and some without . Thus was the incongruous

      mass divided , and each man with money was then at the bead of a little community , aiding him in his schemes of improvement with their labour , who in turn received from him their support . One of the first things most needed and difficult speedily to obtain near every man ' s door was a welL In digging a well in the village prairie during the first months of our settlement , a m » st fatal and melancholy accident occurred . One morning , upon descending the yet unfinished well , the first man fell senseless , and the second , hastening to his relief , fell also . Not suspecting the cause , two others in succession descended , and in a few minutes the corpses were all that remainded of four robust and healthy men . The noxious damps had killed tbemalL They were the first deaths in our settlement . The bodies were interred with the usual ceremonies of the Church of England . " The origin of the town of Albion .

      " The inconvenience of living in detached settlements , without any common centre for artificers and mechanics necessary to the most common husbandry , was soon discovered . " A neighbour living hi the village prairie , six miles north of me , agreed that each of us should start from our dwelling at a given hour , and guided by the compass ; one going South , and the other North , proceed onward through the woods until we met . ' Through the tangled vines , and brushwood of the forest , the unerring needle guided us to a meeting . There was nothing objectionable in the spot . Here , said we , let us raise our blacksmith's shop for mutual accommodation . " The evening , after the day ' s excursion , was spent at my cabin ; as we lay on our beds on the floor , we extended our projects , we built mere cabins , raised a town , and peopled it with various trades J We diBcussed , proposed , decided on a name . It was

      Al-. " Our American neighbours twenty miles off were the architects , who raised the first cabin , and a blacksmith was duly installed in his trade . Soon after this , five or six other persons clubbed five hundred dollars each , for building cabins , and other public purposes . A section ol ground was secured for the seite of the town . House after house was soon raised ; mechanics came in . A tavern , and a grog shop were established . The scattered backwoodsmen from a distance gathered round the whiskey-bottle , like bees attracted by the sweets of a favourite Bower ; and scenes of brawl and drunkenness , usual in the young towns of Western America , heralded the birth of the infant town of Albion . Emigrants continued to arrive and settle themselves according to their tastes and means , on many of tha beautiful scites afforded by the eminences on the skirts of the woods .

      " In two or three years after onr first settlement , many of the labonrers that had first come out , rented those farms which they had been previously employed to fence and prepare fur cultivation . Many more made purchases of small tracts of land , from their earnings during the two or three previous years , and commenced farming on their own account . " This was the first step of independence , and one which has ever since been pawned with unvarying success by this class of settlers . Tfcey have ever progressively advanced in property , comfort , and-attainments . " Many a poor lad who then came with nothing , is now the father of a large family , living in bis own comfortable house , on his own well-fllied farm !

      •• This process has been constantly going on ever since the commencement of the settlement The labourers are continually advancing to the condition of independent fanners . Their place is filled up by others that arrive , who also become independent farmers , and in their turn hire tfee newly arrived labourers . "Abeut four years after our first settlement the county seat , heretofore located at Palmyra , an unhealthy spot on the Wabash , was removed to Albion . " The introduction of the curse © f slavery was bravely and successfully opposed by the settlers ; and Illinois preserved from its withering contamination .

      " A great question now agitated our whole state , and our settlement particularly ; and no wonder , for it is a subject which agitates the whole union when it is in active controversy . Many of the settlers in Illinois were from the Southern slave states , and as they thought , in sufficient numbers to induce a change in the constitution , for the introduction of slavery . The time arrived for the popular vote of the state to be cast for or against an amendment of its already newly formed constitution . That ia , so to amend it , as to allow of the introduction of slavery .

      " We had just removed from the most free country in Europe , because it was not free trough ; and had Belected the most pleasant and free state in the union for our future residence . We had invested in it our fortunes , and brought to it -our families . Just at the period when we had proved this land of our choice , to be entrapped as it were , into the very jaws of slavery , excited our apprehension , and aroused our indignation . We spoke perhaps too rashly , for we felt deeply . The vote of our state by a small majority was cast for freedom . But the excitement of the contest separated for a time the harmonious intercourse of maoy worthy friends . " Since that time the vast increase of population from the Northern and Eastern States , and the drawing off of those attached to the institutions cf the Sjnth , leave not the slightest expectation that slavery can ever be introduced into Illinois . "

      Here is a description of the present state of Albion and the neighbourhood : — " Albion is situated in a high-rolling country , between the Little and Great Wabash , ( ten miles from each ) at an elevation of 140 feet above both . It is far distant from the stagnant water and low land , those sources of ill health , in a new and unimproved country . The town itself is not in a prairie , but is surrouDde 4 at a short distance with prairies of every siz 3 , and well adapted to every description of cultivation . " Society in and around the place has been in progressive improvement . The few lawless rovers , ever to be found in a new country , have long since moved away . A large and respectable class have supplied their place . The spirit of temperance prevails , quietude , industry , and sobriety are the strong characteristics of the neighbouxhood . The absence of speculation is another feature in the aspect of our somewhat peculiar settlement

      "The increase of the numerous large farms around Albion , and of the various trades within the town are all from the same source . They are the fruits of constant industry and patient labour . The town itself is yet smali , but many of the houses built of brick and stone give it a more substantial appearance than is common toyonng towns in the West . "We were not worldly wise las the Americans aTe ) in the settlement of onr town . We did not at first settle i n it , but each person pitched bis residence on some of those beautiful scites en the prairies around , and left the town to take care of itself .

      " It contains three taverns , light stores , two manufactories of castor oil , and all the mechanical trades necessary to an agricultural population are carried on with great spirit and perfection . In the character and centlnct cf the business of onr stores , we too , have something to commend . The regular and stated prices at which goods are sold renders the business of sboping . simple , and agreeable . One price asked , and another taken , is a practice that does not exist hers . A child is as fairly dealt with as the principal . It should seem that our storekeepers are as regular and moderate in their family concerns as in their scores , for the five principal storekeepers have each seven children ; this is regular and moderate too , in a country where thirteen to the dtzsn is by no means uncommon . " The aspect of the country has changed since we first settled . It was then rich in the wild luxuriance of

      vegetable life . When driving through the prairie , a pair of full-sized horses in a carriage , the tall prairie grass waved high above their backs . In the succeeding year , sixty full-sized oxen were completely hidden in the grass at a hundred paces distant . Now from repeated cropping , that grass is not more than eighteen inches high . Then a newly-erected cabin on . the margin of the wood , was a sight of some interest . Now numerous farms , large cabins , and many good houses are scattered all around , on the skirts of every prairie in the neighbourhood . Every gradation of cultivation may now be seen in the close proximity from the first breaking up of the prairie sod , to the well-tilled field , and well-grown orchard , and a dwelling surrounded with ail the appendages of rural plenty and rustic enjoyment .

      " Then b single trace from a remote settlement was the only path to guide the traveller through an interminable wilderness . Wow a daily mail stage , and a daily post unites us in travel and correspondence with the whole world . Daring tfae few years of our settlement , hope , exertion , and enthusiasm earmottnted all obstacles . The next period was distinguished by dulland general stagnation . The produce of our land exceeded our wants , no purchasers came in to buy . We had bo roads on land , no steam-boats plied our waters . Produce was at its lowest price . I weD wmember selling a lot of fine fat grass-fed cattle ,-to the first drover that ever came in to purchase , at the rate of about one cent per pound . A neighbour delivered to me a lot of fine hamBior two cents per ; pound . Although the article of com has never been so abundant , or at a price so extremely lew as in . some districts , yet I have bought and sold large quantities at ten cents per bueheL

      " That time is passed . A market at improved prices is now at our doors for produce of all kinds . The merchants in our small towns purchase with considerable competition . AlthotJgb the prices of meat and bread Btuffs are comparatively high , they must yet strike persons from the Old Country as extremely low .

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      The beef that was oneceat is now three , the pork that was two cents is now fouc ^ But goods of every kind for the farmer ' s consnmptiflriB | kbundantly lower ia price than formerly . By refeflHfo Mr . Birkbeck ' s letters , Bugar was then twenty-fiwpBBnts per pound , and ooffee , forty ; sugar is now ten . cents , and coffee , sixteen . These changes both in the price of articles of production , and consumption are greatly in favour of the emigrant of the present day , when compared with the circumstance ^ of his predecessors thirty years back . " " Although we have been more than twenty years settled , we may be considered in the light of pioneers for others . We have but opened the resources of the country , and thousands may now find employment in

      various branches of industry , where hundreds would have found it difficult to establish themselves without the preparation and conveniences afforded by the settlement already made . The rich resources of the country we have opened are reserved in their full abundance for those who yet may come . Without one brilliant attraction to offer to the ambitions , the gay , or the wealthy , the prevalence of general good health , the absence of great mortality or sickness for twenty years , the presence of a quiet content and gradual improvement in the situation , of the inhabitants , are circumstances that will be appreciated by all who have experienced the cares and vicissitudes of life . "

      We should state that the price of the work , consisting of 64 pageB of closely printed matter , is One Shilling . We can conscientiously recommend , it as a highly useful and most important work .

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      handfal of men commanded by "Strougbow" and his lieutenants . Bu $ we must dose our remarks for the . present , gfcing a few extracts to enable the reader , m Borne wise , to judge for himself : —

      4 NCIENT HISTORY OP IRELAND , / ' J tu " lyhtofe > 1 7 ^ Ireland , liketfaeearly history of all other countries , is Involved In obscurity . Poetry and romaBce have indeed told us of the early glories of Ireland-of the wisdom and wealth of her people , and ™ th 0 1 - ll ?* 'tf and Power of her kingdoms . Viewed through the magnifying lens of tradition , the Bright late of the West" has thus been made to shine resplendent in ancient glory and grandeur . But , alas ! the vision Is stripfc of its most gorgeous hues , when examined by . the sober light of reason and judgment ; and we find that the early glory of Ireland , like the boasted early glory of all other countries , exists rather in the mind of the poet , than in the veritable records of the past . ¦¦

      "The early history of all European countries Is very nearly the same . The great mass of the people were Pagans inthei * religion , the worshippers of stocks and ^« s £ J ey . wei * Serried by chiefs , who were distinguished by a restless thirst for aggression and plunder , and were generally at war with each other . The sword was then the only law ? and might constituted the only right to govern , The state ripened into the feudal system , during which a race of chiefs grew partially civilised , and from them spread downwards among the followers a partial refinement and civilfzition . Ihen coalitions of chiefs took place , who recognised some or other of their order aa a king . This king was generally their creature ; if he refuged to accede to their demands , he was at once dethroned or assassinated . * Feuds became perpetual between

      kingdoms . Turbulence pervaded the entire frame of society . Arms was the only noble profession ; and the . most successful destroyer of his fellow-creatures was lauded as a hero , and almost worshipped as a god . fierce and ruling animal will was the great characteristic of this period . The mass of the people remained sunk to a great depth Id civilisation . Whilst the kings and chiefs of the time occupied the page of history , we find that the people who fcu « ht and bled for them passed away unnoticed . But thus has it ever been . The units have always monopolised the ear of society . While they have made the world clamorous with their deeds , their achievements , their joys , and their sufferings , the " dumb millions , " doomed to pine on in thick obscuration , have toiled , suffered , bled , and died for others , and then passed away into silent oblivion , without a record . "

      SAINT PATBICK . " Saint Patrick is said to have laboured tor thirty yeaiB with immense success among the Irish , demolishing Draidlsm , and establishing in its place the . religion which Ireland fervently cherishes down to the present day . After him , a succession of pious and faithful men arose , who , ere long , made Ireland famous for its learning throughout the civilised world . Civil communities were formed in various parts of the country by the monks , which in course of time became

      wellpolifihed cities ; and thither youths , not only of the island , but of the neighbouring nations csrne to be educated- From these seats of learning emanated the men who founded moat of the celebrated monasteries and : colleges of the time , in France , Swi-zirland , Italy , and England ; many of which flourish down to the ¦ present day . And thus did the priesthood continue te exercise an increasing influence , until they became the arbiters and almost the lawgivers of the people , down to the period of the Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland in the twelfth century . "

      AKCIENT DIVISIONS OF IRELAND . —DEFECTS Of GQVEBNM £ NT . ' ' At an early period , Ireland was divided into the five kingdoms of UWter , Leinster , Gonnaught , and Meath . The four kingdoms first named were each ruled over by their independent kintr , and the whole were governed by one paramount sovereign , who , while he reigned , claimed the smaller but more central and abundantly fertile kingdom of Meath as his peculiar property . These kingdoms were again subdivided into principalities , which were inhabited by district dans or septs , each ruled by its own chieftain ( or carfinny ) . Each chieftain was independent in bis own demain , administering justice , and exercising the right of making war and peace with his neighbour , at his

      own , pleasure . The power and government ot each provincial king were thus similar to those of the monarch himself : he also received tributes from inferior chiefs , paid for their services when he wanted their aid in war , and was eatertained by them in his progress throughout the country . The same system extended downwards among all the ranks of society . " " This was regulated by what was called the law of Tanislry , which confined hereditary right to certain families , hot not to individuals . Thus ihe chiefs and kings could only be elected from royal houses ; but there was not individual of a royal or noble family , no matter how numerous it might be , who wight not become a candidate for the office of ianist , or

      chiuft&inelect The custom was to elect this tanist immediately after the accession of the chief , and to assign to him a portion of the mesnal land . When the chief died , the tanist succeeded him , and another was immediately elected in bis room , This practice was found productive ot the greatest mischief . The accession of a chief or a king was generally the signal for party feuds , aud often pitched battles , to determine who should be the tanist to succeed him . The chiefs also looked with suspicion on the person thus elected , who often eagerly longed for their death , to attain the rank of prince ; and the tanfsts too often gave tbem room for this suspicion , by openly making war on them , or secretly , assassinating them . "

      DISTRACTED STATE OF IRELAND PliEVIeiUS TO THE : ENGLISH INVASION . "So distracted and torn to pieces was Ireland , from these'and other causes , for a long time previous to tbe Anglo-Norman Invasion that the couutry might have fallen easy prey to any foreign invader disposed to make the experiment . It seems to have been the fate of this noble country , from the first , to be the prey of social , discord , convulsion , and strife . The cause of tbe common welfare of all , has almost throughout been sacrificed in selfish struggles between rival factions ; and while the people have been tearing each other to pieces at the bidding of their respective chiefs , the common enemy has been enabled to forge the chains of their national coercion and enslavement . "

      Here , for the present , we conclude . So far as we are yet able to judge , we consider this " History of Ireland" to be well worthy the support of the public . We shall return to the suVject again , and give further extracts from its interesting pages . Of conrso the publishers will supply the " parts , " as fast as they appear .

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      • In' the Ust of one hundred and seventy-eight monarohs of the Milesian Una enumerated by the triah historians , only forty-seven died natural deaths , seventyseven were slain in battle , and . sixty murdered . —Taylor ' s History of the Civil Wars of Ireland . Yol . 1 , p . 19 .

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      tical minds of the ; community . It is in fact a vivid picture and transcript of any , and of every , language spoken on tbe earth , having aa universal an application as notation of musical signs , with this superiority , that it represents not only sounds like musical notation , but sounds which are jthe images and signs of ' thoughts that breathe and words that burn . '"

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      March of Refinement . — \ well-known confectioner of Cambridge was kiely requested bv aa equally well-known bootmaker in the same town to send him some ice , as he was going to give a pariy . The confectioner : returned the following laconic reply : — " Mr . L ] never freezes for snobB . " " Active Habit 3 op Great Men . —We have read lately in the papers a paragraph on the subject of tbe actto habits of his Grace tha Duke of Wellington , who , it ia said , cuts about from place to place with an agility that for a rn ^ n of his years is trulv

      wonderful . There is another great man , whose moves are no less rapid than those of the hero of Waterloo . We allude , of course , to Lord Brougham , who left the extreme of popularity by the down-train , and arrived at the terminus of popular contempt in something next to no time . L » rd Stanley is another public character whose rapidity of movement is astonishing . His Lordship left Whiggery at such a rate as to lose sight of the station he started from , and was put down at Toryism within aa incredibly short period . —Punch .

      Smuggling . —Smuggling , we are told , is , notwithstanding the recent disclosures , almost as brisk a trade as before , and at least one extensive " operation" has been ( recently effcted in tobacco . A sailor , it is stated , sauntering up the Commercialroad a week or ] two ago , was overtaken by a , car carrying from the docks apparently some old ship ' s ropes ; amongst them was a hawser , of unusual size . Jack , recognising in it an old ship acquaintance , hailed the car , which having brought to , he jumped in , and forthwith oommuncdd cutting ofi" about eighteen inches of the hawser . The carman remonstrated ; Jack laughed , and letting him in ft ) the secret , showed him that the old hawser was capital negro-head tobacco . It is needless to say the hawser was delivered a few fe «* i , short , but all at , events duty free . —Morning Harald .

      Hkad-dress of thb I&ish Peasant . —The cover ing of his _ head harmouizds with his co&t , for instead of a useful , light { waterproof cap , he wears a quizzical , shapeless felt or silk bat , which may have been soaked a hundred tiuvs in tho rain and dried again . That the higher and unoccupied clasps should encumber themselves with to uncomfortable and inappropriate covering as our bats , and keep to them because they have been once the fashion , is intelligible enough ; but how suck an absurd article of dress could have been kept up for years among millions of people of the labouring classes is to me incomprehensible . —Kohl .

      Opposite Characters . —Some mon are eminent in blebsing their fellow creatures , and some iu cursing . Some have devoted their livos to pursuits ot bloodshed and death—and some in communicating the means of comfort and prolonging life . To the latter class Old Parr most undoubtedly belongs ; and the seed which he sowed wiil germinate and flourish in future ages , and yield the happy fruits ot'iuuumerable blessings to thousands aud tens of thousands of his fellow-men . ¦ j " Tongues yet unformed shall spread his name afar , And future ages bless the name o ) Parr . "

      Abominable W 5 OBKISG of the New Poor Law , —Our readers are probably aware that the late Mr . Day , the blacking inaniitjtPturv . r , bequeathed the interest of £ 100 , 000 , to be applied- by his executors in annuities of npt more than £ 20 a year each to poor men and wonvn . Some time ago a young woman totllay blind , who wa ^ hviug wiih her parents at South Ptthevtou , \ n Sunoraetshire , and receiving 5 * a-weck from the Yuovil Union , applied to this Charity for assistance , and the Executors , finding that she Was a deserving objjot , felt disposed to allow her to become an annuitant , but as some Poor Law Guardians had taken off the weekly allowance to poor families to whom Mr . D * y ' s executors had granted relitf , they resolved in this case to

      ascertain , before granting the annuity , whether they might be assured that such a disgraceful proceeding would not be followed in tbis oasu ; aud accordingly Mr . Croft , the acting execator , wrote to the Rev . Mr . Bond , who had interested himself for the young woman , for the purpose of inquiring whether the Guardians of the jYoovil Uuiou would still continue the same allowance to tho family , if the blind girl became a pensioner on Mr . Day ' d charity ; and Mr . Croft , having , in reply , received a written assurance that the allowance by the Union would continue , granted the young ; woman an anuuity of £ 20 a-year ; but , to tbe { jre ~ at . 8 urpn . se of Mr . Day '? executors , the Yeovil Unionvjnot long after , stopped their allowance altogether . Mr . Croft wrote to the Guardians to remind thorn of their written guarantee , but they coolly replied , that they were a changeable body , and the then guardians were not boundJby the

      acts of their predecessors ; and notwithstanding the remonstrances of the Ktsv , Mr . Bond and Mr . Croft against this breach of faith , they would not alter their determination , and the effuot , therefore , in reality , is , that the parish id receiving the benefit of Mr . Day ' s bounty ; Mr . Crutt applied to the Poor Law Commissioners on ihe subject , but could get no redress , their answer being— " that the guardians must exercise thfir owa discretion in the matter . " Another case of nearly biniilar shabby conduot on the part of one of the City of London Livery Companies has also been brought under oar notice . The Paper Stainers' Company have funds to distribute to their poor freemen ; and a poor blind man , who was a yearly pensioner of their .- * , to thu anuum of £ 10 , on becoming an annuitant of Mr . D ty ' s charity for £ 16 , had the whole of bis Company ' s allowance withdrawn . Weekly Dispatch . 1

      The Irish compared with Foreign Nations . —I remember that 1 onoe pitied the pour Lithuanians in LitiMNa , when I found th ^ m dwelling in houses forBed merely of stumps of trees , the insterstices filled up with mo ^ s . I pitied them , especially on account of the low entrance * to their dwellings and thesmallnessof their window * , and gladly should ! have seen their ohimney bettf r arranged . I remember , too , what melanoholy v fL-ctions rose in my mind when I beheld the simple , rude , ana wretched arrangements of their hou * ehoi-i . Njw , may God forgive me for my ignorance ! I img ' it have spared all this , for I did not know that it had pleaded God to lay such priva . ions and worao upon another people . After I had seen Ireland 1 found that even the

      poorest among the jbithuaniaus , bsthonians , and Finlandera live decently ; and that in ninety-nine cases out of one hundred , Paddy would be delighted if he could be housed , clothed , and fed as any of those people . Whoever has men Ireland will no longer think any other part of Europe miserable . He will even consider the position ol i-av * g « s preierable . A log hut Mined with moss—wnai a luxury ! Tbe Irishman ' s dweliiug-plaou iu usually built of mud , and how ! one ! shovelful piled upou another , in-: termixed with a few rou ^ h stones , picked up in the fidlos , till the walla are sufficiently hign . . A house regularly thatched , or covered with bark would be indeed admirable ; the Irishman often covers his with the turf taken from his boas . Small wiudows filled "

      up with panes of glass , or half-irauFpareiiG bladders , or talo , as here and there iu Waiachia and some parts of Russia—such luxuries are unkuown to an Irish peasant . Herp most of tho huts are without windows ; one square hole in front serving at once for window , chimney , house-door and stable-doorfor light , smoke , men , and pigs to pass through . * * Russians , it is true , are often in harder bondage than the Irish , but their habitations an « l food are as good as they desire ; there is no trace of Irish beggary among them . Moreover , they are happy in their slavery , and do not , like the Irish , bite their chains and endeavour to break them . Tne Hungarians , too , are not , as a people , very well off ; but even the lowest among them get excellent wheasen

      bread to eat , and tolerable wine to drink . Coald a Hungarian believe t ( iat there are many people ii » a Christian land who can only afford to eat potatoes on alternate days ! The Servians and Bosnians are reckoned among the inost miserable people in Europe and indeed the sight of their villages ia not very iavitiug—but how well these people are clothed ! If the Irish peasant pouId peep into a Servian cottage and see a Servian woman sitting therein iq her full dress , the men standing by her wittt their weapons , I think he would be inclined to tell hia countrymen that the " good people" had taken him to a land where all the jwomen looked like Q'leena and the men like prince > i . Among tbe Tartars of the Crimea few luxuries and comforts are found ; tbis

      they seem to know i themselves , as they emigrate in great numbers to i Asia Minor : they are called poor and barbarous , but after all they look like men ; they have a regular national dress ; neat , clean cottages , in good repair ! How neat are their orchards ! How well kept are tjieir horses aid harness ! tlut the Irish have neither form nor shape : they look all edge and trimmiag ; except their rags , they have no national dress ; their dwellings have no national form , but are built bap-hazard ; their whole household seems without rule or law . Among the Tartars and other each nations , the saddles , travelling bags , carpets , divans , dishes , spoons , even tbe smallest

      articles are made after a custom » ry aud ancient pattern , being well-adapted to their several purposes ; the Irishman has nothing of tho kind . As ae dresses himself with rags gathered up here and there , bis seat is at one time a chatr , at another a block of mood , or a barrel , and a dish a broken vessel of one shape or another . We have also our beggars and poor , who cannot keep pace with the national man ^ ners , yet lawlesi beggary forma with us and other nations the exception but with the Irish it is the rule . Here is a people of beggara , among whom the wealthy form the 'exception . It is this which makes Ireland unique amoug the nations of the world . —Kohl , !

      Untitled Article

      Light Sovereigns . —By ; Punch ! A PbocbUjia-¦ eioh : — Wllerea 3 it has been represented to Us * that certain Sovereigns are very light , and not of the value that they ought to be ; and whereas such a Sovereign was lately ^ current in tbe neighbonrhpod of Kew , but hassipee been withdrawn from circulation : We do hereby command all people to cat such Sovereigns , and have nothing whatever to do with them . —Given at Our Office , in the Strand , this twenty-first < iay of October , one thousand eight hundred and forty-three . —Punch .

      The City Election . —Official Declaration op the Poll . —The Hall was epened at eight o ' clock on Moadiy morning , when the poll-bookB"were unseated , an < i the Secondaries and their officers : proceeded to oast up the poll . Shortly before one o ' clock the hall began gradually to fill , and by halfpast one it was crowded . At five minutes before two Mr . Sheriff Musgrove come forward and announced the numbers to be—James Pattison ,- Esq 6532

      Thomas Baring , Esq *• 6367 Majority for J . Pattison , Esq ... 165 Whereupon he declared that James Pattison , Esq ., was duly elected to serve in Parliament for the City of London . This announcement was received with tremendous cheering . The return was then made out officially and signed by the Sheriffs ,- a 8 the returning officers . Mr . Travers addressed the Meeting for Mr . Pattison . Mr . Baring also spoke amidst great uproar . The usual vote of thanks to the Sheriffs closed the proceedings .

      Kendal Election . —The Kendal " Liberals" have at length selected Mr . Mat / thcsun Dead-Bodt-Bill Waeburton , as their candidate at the ensuing election for chat borough 2 A Letter from Graetz ( Styria ) , states that a vulture lately pounced down on an infant , ten months old , which . & woman had left for a moment on the grass , in a field near Waiz . It carried up its prey , and alighting fifty yards off began to devour it . Some farmer ' s men ran up , and 1 Tightened it away , bat the child was so dreadfully torn that it died immediately . Coal King's Foktdnes—Mr . Buddie , the agent of the Marquis of Londonderry , has died lately worth the enormous sum of £ 150 , 000 ,- from having been a mere pit lad —[ How much of this has beea plundered from the poor Miners 1 ]

      We EVER DOA . T MOST ON THINGS WHEN THEY ARE wanting . —Before we possess them , we chase them with eagerness ; when we have them , we slight them ; when they are gone , we sink under the wing of sorrow for their loss . Infatuated estate of man ! that the enjoyment of a pleasure must diminish it ; that perpetual use must make it like a pyramid , lessening itself by degrees till it grows at last to a punctura , to a nothing ! Scalded to Death—A most distressing accident

      befel a young man named EdwaTd Brown , a native of Mon mouth , in the employ of the Messrs . Hall , of Redbrook Brewery . On Monday Brown wa » employed washing battles , and had heated water in the large copper for that purpose , and haying got on the top of the furnaoe he fell backwards into it , and was completely immersed in the scalding water . He got out himself , and exclaimed It is a bad job . " He remained perfectly sensible and conversed with his frionds to within a few minutes of his death , which took place a few hours afterwards . —Bath Journal .

      First Importation of Tea into mull . —The cargo of tea which we announced last week , as being daily expected , being tbe first direct from China , arrived as this port , on Saturday last , in the fine atrip Raymond , M'Kay , master , the property of Thomas Ward , E&q . The Raymond was towed up by a steamer , and but few persons were assembled < m the pier to witness her arrival . We understand the cargo consista of 4 , 897 chests , 2 , 530 half-oheats , 300 lOlbs . catty-boxes , and 600 13 lbs . boxes , and weighs in all about (> 07 , 0001 bs . —Hull Advertiser .

      The Peers and the Pledge . —The Marquis of Waterford ,- Lord Waterpark , Lord Rivers , Lord Brook , Lord Lake , the Marquis of Bath , and the Duke of Wellington , are meditating the propriety ot " taking the pledge . " The Earl of Fitsurifliam , Lords Portland , Por / man , and Per / arlington , Viscount ite ^ rhaven , and Lord Alesbnrf , shake their heads , and won't have anything to do with Father Mftthew . Irish : Wretchedness —From EdenvaletoLilrosh is a distance of somewhere about Bixteen English miles ; yet along this whole country , although the eastern main road of the county passed through it , I did not pass one single village , nay , not even a single , I will not say regular , but even tolerable

      human habitation . The landscape was every where bare and unvaried by trees-- , tbe colour of the land , as far as tbe eye could reach , most melanoholy , that is to say , a brown or dirty red or black , the surface of the whole country , even of the hills and rooks , being covered with peat ; no alternation of green , meadows , and purling streams , and wooded hills , but all one mass of peat and moor ; and even when an elevation in the road presented to the eye a more extended view , still nothing was to be Been but a greater extent of peat and moor , ofbleak rocks , desolate hills , and ruined huts . It made me melancholy to travel through this country ; but how far here as

      more melancholy mast it be to dw ^ ll a glebes ascriptus a servant of some hard master , and , withal , a father of a host of ragged and hnngry children . I have seen , in Hungary , Lithunani , and the neighbouring countries , dwellings wretched enough , but scarcely in any land have I beheld suoh miserable hovels as are to be seen here , and , sad to say , in many other parts of Ireland . It is fortunate that the sky is generally dull , and the air so full of mist and turf smoke , that all this wretchedness is not dearly visible . Were we able to see every thing plainly and thoroughly brought out , it would scarcely be possible to endure it . —Kohl .

      A Nice Fit . — The Echo JRochelais relates that a man , nearly eighty-five years of age , residing at Tangon la Ronde , near La Rochelle , having felt that his end was rapidly approaching , and being anxious about the oase that was to enclose his mortal remains , ordered a coffin to be made according to his own directions , and a few days ago conceived the fancy of trying whether it would fit . The old man , who was of large bulk , lay down in it with apparent ease ; but when he attempted to rise from it , he did not find that so easy to do . All his efforts were vain , a-nd be was nearly Tendered a fit subject to remain there for ever by his exhaustion . At length , when the old man was almost dead with exertion aud fear , a person happened by chance to enter the room , and released him from the singular position in which his folly had placed him .

      Sadndebs , theForgeb . —This unfortunate youth , who committed adroit forgeries on several of our city banks in the name of his emyloyers , Austin and Wilmerding of this city , to the amount of 29 , 000 , dolg . and who was taken in Boston last week , has been brought to this city and committed to the City prison . He acknowledges havingbadanaccomplice , one Rage , a Frenchman , as it is said , who has also been lodged in prison . —New York Freeman ' s Journal .

      Market Intelligence.

      MARKET INTELLIGENCE .

      Untitled Article

      Richmond Cohn Mabket , Saturday , Oct . 21 . — The supply of Grain in our market to-day was very limited , and in consequence , was soon bought up , at an advaace on last week ' s prices . —Wheat from 6-i 6 d to 83 . Oats 2 s 9 d to 3 s 6 "d . Barley 4 s to 4 s 4 d Beans 53 to 53 3 d per bushel . Londoh Corn Exchange , Monday , Ocr , 23 rd . — For fresh Wheat up to-day the demand ruled active , at an advance on last Monday ' s quotations of from

      la to 23 per qr . There was a good show of fine Foreign Wheat . The finest Dantzte parcels were the turn higher , but in other kinds no alteration occurred . The best Malting Barley at a trifling rise in value . Grinding and Distilling sorts were a heavy sale . In Malt last week ' s qaotations were with difficulty supported . Oats at an improvement in the rates of 6 d to Is per qr . Beans and Peas were taken at onr quotations . Floor may be considered the turn higher .

      Smithfield Cattle Mabket , Monday , Oct . 23 —The Beef trade was in a very depressed state , and prices were again on the decline . The primeat Scots at from 3 a 84 to 3 * IOd per 81 bs j Devons , brunts , Hereford ^ , &o ., were 2 d per 8 ibs lower . The Mutton : trade ruled heavy . Prime old Down from 4 s to 43 4 d per 8 ib 3 ; all other kinds kinds at a depression of 2 d per Bibs . Calves 4 s 4 d per 8 lbs . For Pigs no alteration to notice in their value . The imports of foreign stock , since oar hist , have been , confined to 30 beasts from Spain , and 20 ditto from Haraburgh . Borough and Sfital ? ield 3 . —Potatoes about late rates . York reds , 65 a to 70 s ; Scotch ditto , 559 to 62 s ; Devons , 50 a to 60 s ; Kent whites , 40 a to 503 ; Jersey and Guernsey , 36 s to 44 s per ton .

      Borough Hop Market . —Nearly the whole of the present year ' s growth of Hops having been on Bale ^ a pretty accurate estimate can now be formed of it . That it is not less than last year , is without doubt , as the duty is estimated no higher than £ 130 , 000 . The results , however , of Weyhill and other large hop fairs has not come up to the expectations of the growers . This afternoon the demand is by n « mean ? active , yet last week ' s quotations are generally supported .

      ^ Tallow . —There is no new feature in this market sinoe our last statement ; prices are about the same , with but little inclination to do business -either on the part of speculators or ther trid ^ the latter , having generally bought some monthB since for arrival , are not in a position to speculate ; : beyond their necessities . There are about 15 , 000 casks between Laadon and St . Petersbnrgh . The home produce is very good . Town Tallow ; 42 s 6 d to 43 s net cash .

      Wool Markets . —So far as auctions have progressed full prices haye been readily paid , while it w the general opinion an advance -will be eBWJiiBnea ere they are brought to a close . Privately next to nothing is doing .

      ^ Iortttu

      ^ iortttu

      Untitled Article

      THE MINERS' JOURNAL . No . I . Newcastlenpbn-Tyne : T . Dodds , No . 77 , Side . This , as its title bespeaks , is a publication devoted to the interests of the Miners , price One Penny , conducted by a well-known advocate of the democratic principle , Mr . William Beesley , late of North Lancashire . Mr , B . ' b sterling honesty , and notorious sturdiness of character , are sufficient guarantees for the uncompromising spirit ia which tbis publication will be conducted ; and the specimen we give below is proof of this . Like most " first numbers , " it is deficient in many regpectf . It is too small ; its contents are not so judiciously selected as they might be , and the arrangement of publishing fortnightly is not generally a good one . We can understand a

      local reason for this last arrangement , which may or may not exist . Instead of attempting to give " news , " which , to say nothing of a more serious objection , must necessarily , from the limits of the paper , be very imperfect , and conseqnently next to useless , we would strongly urge the propriety of giving original and selected matter : the former expository of the wrongs of the Miners and the means by which they may be remedied ; and the latter devoted to the intellectual culture of the Miners , gathered from the inexhaustible stores of knowledge which abound on every side . But to affect these improvements ( including the suggested enlargement ) , it is absolutely necessary

      that the conductors should be heartily supported in their praiseworthy undertaking . We therefore appeai to the Miners , not only of the Tyne and Wear , but also to those of Lancashire , Yorkshire . Scotland , and all other places , to give their support to the Miners' Journal . We hail its appearauce as a useful and necessary auxiliary to us in our labours to make known the wrongs and assert the rights of the oppressed class whose cause it advocates . Its support by that class will go far far to assure us that the Alinera are really in earnest , and resolved by every legitimate means to work out their emancipation . The following are extracts from the opening address : —

      " Tbe miners can now boast that their union to tbem in a tower of strength ; that it baa enabled them to accomplish much already ; and that there is a bright prospect of accomplishing much mare . In eleven months not less than 40 , 000 of the hardy bods of toil have enrolled themselves under its banners , determined to obtain a fair remuneration for their labour , and no longer to remain tbe terfs of a class who have hitherto treated them voue than beasts of burden ; they have sent their lecturers throughout the length and breadth of our oppressed country ; who bave already given such instruction as has convinced them that a workiug miner is of more value than all the coal-pit kings in Christendom . They shall now ba taught to tbe utmost of our humble abilities that labour is of more value than gold and that without labour mankind could not exist ; and that tbe splendid carriages in which are dravro the bodies of tbe owners ; the magnificent pala cea that are built upon our greeu bills and in our

      fertile plains ; tbe superb furniture with which they are adorned ; the gardens aud pleasure grounds by ¦ which they are surrounded , and in which are set steel traps andspriug guns j the green-houstB and fish-pond s , have mostly been filched from the earnings of tbe working miners . As a proof that this is the case , we will iu some of onr future numbers point out individuals ¦ who a few years ago were penniless , but , after obtaining situations as viewers , and receiving salaries of from three to five hundred pounds per year , have accumulated fortunes of tea or twelve thousand pounds , and bave become coal , masters themselves , exercising their despotic tyranny over those from ¦ whose ranks they have sprung , and whose money they bave cribbed , in the shape of Hoes , " set out , " and " laid out" tubs or corves in cheating the poor miners in tbe weighing and measuring of those coals that bave cost them so much sweat and toil to produce from the dark caverns of the earth ; amidst tbe unhealthy gases aud at the risk of tbtir lives .

      " The Pitmen ' s Union will enable us to do tbis . If has called into existence a paper that shall , whilst we have control over it , advocate tb « ir rights , and fearlessly defend their interests ; and we earnestly request our friends to make us acquainted with every act of tyranny that it may be exposed . What can we not do ? backed and supported in the counties of Durham and Northumberland alone , by 20 . 000 generous and warm-hearted sons of the mine . Have we not a jirttof of what they can do when united 7 Have they not given to the ¦ world not ODly a proof of their strength , but of their wisdom , in tbe establishment of a paper to make known their grievances , and to give them every useful information and instruction , and in their selection and

      employment of W . P . Roberta , Esq ., the people's Attorney-General ? We can with pride defy the intelligent coal owners , amidst all tbeir wealth and with all tbeir learning , to produce the same amount of talent , wisdom , firmness , and discretion that has already been displayed by the coal miners * executive ; and agaiD , with delight , "we can point to their lecturers who are now travelling England , ScotlBnd , and Walvs , diffusing abroad a spirit . of union , which , ere long , will teach the eoal owners , to tbeir Borrow , that ibty h ; ive used the whip with too much severity . This is our first number ; but v ? e confidently believe that we shall receive that support from our friends , that we shall ia a few weeks circulate it throughout every part of the empire . "

      Untitled Article

      A HISTORY OF IRELAND AND THE IRISH PEOPLE UNDER THE GUVERiNMENT OF ENGLAND . Part I . London : Strange , Paternoster-row . At the present time , when " Ireland and the Irish" is the all-absorbing theme , an anxiety is naturally exhibted on the part of the inquiring and liberal-minded portion of the people of England , to know something more than they have hitherto known of the history and condition o their Irish brethen . The work before us 13 produced to supply this desideratum . The supposition that " the English people wish to remain ignorant of the history of Irelai d , ' as stated by the author or compiler ot this work , is as absurd as it is false . The very production of this work is a proof of both ; for wo presume it is to English and not Irish readers that the publisher will look for purchasers .

      The truth is * that the working classes of England and Scotland , whether we view them as struggling for political or social reforms , are tar in advance ot the same class of any other country on the factrot thp globe . They could not now be tricked as they were in the matter of the Reform Bill . Their continned and unfaltering opposition to the anti-Corn-Law jugglers is proof of this . They could not now be deceived , as the people of France have twice been . They could not be made the dupes tbe people of Spain have been made repeatedly . They could not make tbe miserable use ot * political rights , were

      they invested with them , that the Americans have done . Nor , lastly , could they be bought and sold , nsed and trafficked with , as is the casein Ireland , where the masEes are blindfolded by man-worship . No : they have progressed beyond all these follies , and most certainly beyond the felly—the most contemptible of all absurdities , that of regarding with prejudice men of another clime or creed . To charge them with anything of the son is to libel them ; and however much such libels may be in vogne with the " patriots" (?) of the O'Connell and Nation school , they are altogether unworthy of the talented author whose work we have under

      consideration . : This work is published in weekly numbers at threepence , and monthly parts at One Shilling ; six of which will render it complete . It is printed octavo size , in clear bold type , eighty pages to the part . Want of time hsts compelled ub for the present to be content with only dipping into the introductory matter and two or three of the earlier chapters . The work is written in a vigorous , pleasing , and often eloquent Btyle . We should have liked to have seen a brief detail of the ancient" history of Ireland under its Milesian monarchs , which might have been prefixed without adding materially to the bulk of volume . In the few general remarks given instead ,

      we are glad to find that the author has not committed the folly of some of the Hibernian historians who being " more Irish and less nice " , have represented Ireland as being a land of saints , sages , and heroes , —aa elysiun of freedom , philosophy , and morality , before the invasion of the English . What may have been the aotual state of things immediately following the time of St . Patrick ; we believe there is not very clear evidence to shew ; but certainly the very reverse of the above must have been the case at the period of the English invasion . That the country most have been in a wretchedly divided and demoralized state , is sufficiently proven by tbefact of its cpmparaiiveh'easy conquest by the

      Untitled Article

      A PHILOSOPHICAL DICTIONARY ; from the Frenoh of M . Do Voltaire . London : Holy well-Btreet . This is the cheap edition of a most celebrated work of ihe most celebrated author that ever took pen in hand . Here we have the entire work , unabridged , in two portable volumes , neatly " got up , " and embellished with excellent steel-engraved portraits of Voltaire ; , and all for the " low charge of " 12 s ! There is beside , ft lengthy memoir of the Author . If the reading ; publio" do not buy this cheap edition , it will be much to blame ; at least , those portions of it who have any desire to know of Voltaire'B philosophy .

      Untitled Article

      A MANUAL OF PHONOGRA . PHY , OR WRITING BY SOUND : a natural method of writing all languages by one alphabet , composed of signs that represent the human voice ; adapted also to the English Language as a complete system of Short- Hand . By Isaac Pitman . Fifth Edition .

      IHE PHONOGRAPHIC CLASS BOOK . THE PHONOtYPlC , AND PHONOGRAPHIC JOURNAL : London Bagster and Sons , Paternoster row . These are works , introducing to the attention of the publio a new method of writing 6 # Sound . If we may judge from tho Reports of the Publio Meetings and Festivals , holden in different large towns in the kingdom , to commemorate the introduction of Phonography , the system is at least deserving of examination . When we find assemblies numbering " 600 sitting down to tea" to do honour _ to the discoverer of the science , and his enthusiastic brothers who are aiding him in its practical application ; and when we find one single class of learners numbering 800 , as is the oase in IVIanchester at the present , we are constrained to say that there must be something in the system to commend it to publio attention .

      We learn that in a short time the good folks of Leeds will have an opportunity of hearing the system explained and expounded . , In a few weeks a course of LectureB will be commenced , to be followed by the formation of classes , for the study of the science . One feature connected with the labours of the Pitmans we must not overlook : they do not confine their teachings to those who are able to pay ; but they frekly instruot those who are poor . We do not pretend to understand the system of Phonography . Indeed , we know nothing of it , except what a hurried and ; cursory glance at the above-enumerated works has imparted . We cannot , therefore , say anything in its favour , further than that it appears to us to be deserving of consideration and examination . But we can give the opinions 01 others ,- and shall close this present notice by the following from the Manchester Guardian of August 23 rd , 1843 : —

      " We believe this science to be the only mode , at once philosophical and practical , of writing language by signs , accurately representing the simple arHcalate sounds , or elements of wh'ch all language is composed . In these days of general acceleration , its Universal use would be a great benefit to the civilized world , however chimerical the anticipations of such an extension may and do appear . It has hitherto received far too little attention from thos * philosophical inquirers , whose dicta have so much weight with tbe more prac-

      Untitled Article

      POBUCATIONS rfCeived . — The Grave 0 / Genius- " "The Walional Temperance Advocate : " and Ireland before and after ihe Union "

      Untitled Article

      _ THE ' •?» Ofi TffBRH STAR . 3

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Oct. 28, 1843, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct674/page/3/