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Northern Star (1837-1852), 29th July 1843, Edition 3 of 5, Page 7, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      EMIGRATION . UBS ^ VATIOKS CONHECTED W ITH MB . 3 » ITKE 1 HLY S TOUB . ( Cozdadedfrom < mr lad weed ' s paper . ) I 55 TBTTCTI 05 S XSTi CATJTIOKS 10 KHIGBASTS . Bosrding-licHiBe keepers are ^ enemDy mixed up -with g » sharks ; ana ttey are ever on She alert to "take-in " jtzaoeenM 33 jey hireHie rmost expert liara , for the express purpose of entrapping their-prey , Tfaitthey eged } j cunning sod enticing allaremente ; sad they loo a&easneceedin entangling Bven the most -wary in their mashes . Tken ibe fleecing operation Is eomjnenesd . The lodging-house keeper having the « ml >

      pant in fiisoTO house , has the 'best possible « pporfcn nity of recommending roth , and such conveyances as being the hest and the cheapest ; and those are gener-» Hj suchM Trfll sot sailfor a day o * two after the &ae they state , so Giit they m&y have them at their house * * t the double charge , m mentioned in Hz , Reweastle ' s statement . These fellows obtain one-half , and sometimes two-flilrds ollhe f&re paid lor conveyance to BoSlo , or any other place ; ana expectation that they Trill set seek every dance , and that they , and their mynmdonj trill not nib or steal "when opportunity Hares , canonly be justified in a lunatic . The following 3 »» spedmem of ihe ffllany of one of these trictatera : —

      Oitthe 10 th or August , Robert Anderaon , iHth Chaa . Sarnabav and wife , i « ho "were passengers vith me to 2 oston , ) « sme to Sew XorkTififlelTraa there ; Mil vereindnced to go to the house of Abraham Knox , or Knar ana -Sons , 26 | , Prontrtreet , "who so act that one can bnlly and art the master to-day ana the other to-morrow ; and either ef them be porter and aervsnt of » Dwc ^ at pleasure ;» that if one makes the agreement , the other hringa in the bm and -when any objection is made theses is , •* o i lie has nothing $ o do with . iL This bouse 3 a sane , sad . my terms are those lathe ML * Well , those Knar ' s charged my follow p&ssenf era 25 easts far meals not -worth six ; cent » j ana after having had -what they coQBidtred necesssry and * wers about to depart , the Enox ' s -used the utmost perFnaSon to induce them to take " an additional meal . Persuasion f ^^ vng , they remonstrated- thai also failing , they begun to threaten ; built proved to no purpose in this case .

      PIthagoras and Ph 3 ip ~ T 7 nnams , twD of thsmuaidasB from Crompton -who -were on board ths Swanton and ebarmed us "with theiz music -when In the Tri « h channel as mentioned In the early part of my jonrnaVxelated to me the following facts on our homeward passage : — *< On landing from the Swanton -we -were induced to go to Knox's house ; and slaying only a few hours -we left -without asy angry feeling , and proceeded to Pitbsfcmgfa in searcfe of employment -wh'ch jaot finding at that place , "we proceeded to Cincinnati , and as far as

      I / juisrllle ; but finding so many ont oi employment ana that there * wasss Siance for ns , -we returned to New York , and Knox * s being the only house known to us , ¦ we "vent ihither . The terms for board and lodging , ¦ were said to be two dollars per-week . When-we had engaged onr passage and -were about to pay , one of Ihe . Encnes tola us that his terms rwere three dollars per ¦ week ; and that for three days it -was the same as for the irhole -week . We lemonstrated , but were tola that it must be paid , adding , * ThaTs a fact ! ' ' —a term ¦ which became flnite funflfcrr on board from its frequent

      repetition . Tntepfl fag "ftTfigrmtfl 'will do -well to take a lesson from the circumstance of < Tw >» Ti ^ m hating expended -so tnnjrh trrnft -xnii Tnnnfy tt > an Unsuccessful findeaTOUT to obtain the opporttmily oJ * mmVng » wry laead Toy Use nreatef their brow , George BobiEKm , of Asihim- 'Bryan , nearTork , -who had bean over for the same oVject as ihe brothers Wflliaas , and had also been ¦ unsuccessful , returned by the same ship . He had likewise staid a few days at the Sato's , and -was charged the same as the others . On -demanding a bill , -with particulars , he said they

      « looiedHae . " He declared the bed not to be fit for a dog , ssd for "which he had to pay two shillings a night , amfl twrnihTITingn tnr oaffo -pwifl . Tha "fad * ' is , Ite had to pay Koox Ms txtorlionate demand j "Who , however , vas constrained to say that he might ztsj fi » week OBt ; of -which he ana the Williams partly snSed ihemseTres , by letumlng from the ship and hvring sereral meals ; bat a person of the same of Potter , from Calton , Glasgow , -who had been imposed span in like mimjittT at thssame plact , dazed not again -renture upon the premises , lest some more of £ nox * s Ztnbborn "JadbP -should xise up * g »^ t ™ t- Ua .

      It ought to be generally known that there la a \ s » in force -which inflicts a hea ^ sy penalty upon the ewner of any ship -which « ntea ; any port of the United States -with % . greater sumbez of passengers on board than the said law prescribes . I am sot certain of the exact number 5 but it is ruled by xo many ions measurement of the ship ; sothat Tmipan | hc vessel Is laden with light goodsthereM ^ eneraHya sufficiency ofroom forth * eonfenTence of passengers , lias , tovreyer , is sot the case Trith Tessels returning from the American ports j tiers > titng so lair in Britain by which this matte * is wgnlxted- They cram human beings together like so many pigs , paying no regard to health , comfort , or decency ; and -when landed on the British shores there is ino asylum prepared te leceiTB the in- ; T&lids ; they are left to shifi for tbemselTBB as best

      they can . Jfot so in the States ; Sat at the -vazions ' ports s » hospitals for the jecepQon of all -who may reqnire TnrJKr ^ a , and where they are taken care of until they xecOTEt ?» the jutrpose of meeting the expence thereby Jncmxed , one dollar 3 a demanded of eterj passenger , of whatever age or see before they are allowed to proceed fromany of our ports , the captain knowing ibat it irill be demanded of him on the opposite snore of the Atlantic The meney recsiTed at New York alone ior this purpose must be immense , as may be easily ascertained . For instance , one ship with 3 00 pasxengers-at 4 s . 3 d . ( passengers generally pay 4 s . 6 d . they sot haTiBg dollars ; will funish the hospital -with npwxrds of £ 60 . ~ ~ Prom the information I hare had , great mslappropriation ana comrp&n exists in the Twntmgpn'ft of those institutions , erenin the land of parit y and zepubliean principles .

      It-wodia be -well for the Emigrants to sleep on board fbe Tessel in -which they cross , until they can * take their fsre for the far TTest and haTe their baprage taken from one Teasel to titeother . This -would cEert a con » siderahle saving , I have before mentioned the impropriety and danger of persons leaving their satire land . If -willing te l abour , but unable to obtain employment , they zerertheleEB possess an inherent right to a sufficiency of the Becess&ries of life ; aad he is a connimmate coward who employs sot every legal means to procure a living for himself . and dependants in his father-laud . He -who win 'tamely and silently submit to the invasion and

      « mp Tjflft HnTr nf Kb siost sacred lights at home , is un-¦ worthy of a place in any country . Would that I could awaken my degraded countrymen to a tme sense of their duty , and arouse them to an muted , legal , and con-Bfitntional effort to deliver themselves from the galling despotism undsr wfeieh they sutler ! Then would a regeneration be effected at home , and Emigration become a matter of choice , instead of , as it now is , a thing of compulsion , iet stbij one do their duty and lemsin at home imtil they are prepared to buy aplot o ? land , and can depend more upon ths cultivation of the soil ( the proper basis of prosperity and comfort } , than upon the produce of any Us me or handicraft

      The influx of srBzsns and labourers into the States and Canada from all the countries ef Europe is so excessive as i » overstock every department of labour . Svcry city , port , and manufactory have taken advantage of the glut , and employed the strangers at half the wages p&ld to their old hands ,- "Who are driven from their homBs as we ^ rire STray foreign manufacturers , hy "what is falsely called the free trade system ; and thus they are compelled to seek another borne , to starve , or to accept such employment , on t ^ i terms , as the employer may in his jaercg and charily be disposed to give .

      Often have 1 beard the -working men of England and Scotland Sisterly complain of the influx of the Irish , * na Aseonsegnent 3 owexfeg < it wages ; but ! did UOt anticipate that I shoTdd fcear ibe cozxea loud ano deep of Ihe Amerieans agslrat Scotchmen and Englishmen ^ a ^ nmicg thgrCtrade . Let the industrious classes for whom JTwrite IdftTwen » T « -- « Att £ r . By going nnrrepared J theyBotonlyexposethein » elTe » tofi& 56 eij » hnt at the same time inflict much suffering upon others , and ^ ngnnripT a spirit of animosity in tbehressta of their own order , an <) enable the employers , by a redundancy of hands thus created , to reduce "wages and to demand excessive Jong houa ef teil , wieire > y they can proSnee thesamedescripfioixrfgoods -which irehave been in the habit of exporting at solowaprice as to drive us out have this

      of the market . In fact , they very spring exportedtB ^ Qjina Thyif as many goods as Great Britain , and Tii ' ^ JMliirm nl a large quantity into Liverpool . I hava ^ befijre TEtimated that 3 n principle I am opposed to-Emigration ; however , I will now alterant to abew -what U uecesasryto he attended to by those who Bis resolved to goitnderaBy eircmnstances ^ and more espciaily rf or the benefit of tiae unf prtusate who are compelled to go . I intend to show the advantage « f going into the Jar West , over settling in the Eastern States . The southern division of Wisconsin , the northern division of lixusois , anda divisionof Mjchigas , are the parts I xbo&ld recommend as settlements , in preference to snyetber east of the MISSISSIPPI . In that lautnde 1 consider the climate most congenial to the inhabitants of the British isles . In those districts Jh « e is plenty oi the best land Bnappropriated , to be onieand dollar

      bad ^ a ^> e government price { --a-qaarter per acre ) - and Bowhere in &B * aine 3 aHioafi 5 a the States or Indiana , Ohio , Pennsylraua , or Hew York , can 3 » ad « t an inferior qualify be obtained A tsn-Ioia Xhp ¦ price . In Ihe parts yeferred to , land ess 1 » obtained i » fe » ly covered -with , or perfectly free from tiniber , or Part with asd part without Water is plentiful , sod " ** fcr eonveyanee-io Ssw Tobk ana Kw Obisaks i » near them all 32 » -samB lemarkswiU apply to the JSottibem part of the 3 lJsSOtiM territory , and'a great ^ arfion-of the territory of 10 **'* ^^ ™** *? % ? to-uaxexcoBrejxneeto Kxvr Xo ^ k . In proof of this * atemeaVl m » y anestioB , that there are mare pewms » h » . aft er dnposiiig ^ their land io the Bastem State * , * o * nfe t » ae temiaries aBnded to , than go there fcoa Britain , Ireland , 01 Qie "whole « f Earope pnt * ° Be 4 het ! Qps Act is the best evidence of the advantage or setaing there .

      . A psraon - of these States and temteriBS abonnd " ¦^ h coal , lasd , and ofiier minerals , ThB fertili ^ ° * Uie soil is greater than in the Eastern States . . 2 * Ihe Soath ihe beat is often too excessive for

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      Britons ; -while in the North the winters are severe , long , and dreary . In tha parts I reco-unend , ths inhabitants generally enjoy good health with ;" -watchfulness , -which iB necessary f 01 all to attend to -who go to a strange country . Much "water power may be had for flour , saw , and other raffls , and for propelling every kind of machinery . These territories produce the best wheat and in the largest quantity , of any other of the States . , > Wheat is the Btapleiproduce ; and ; ihere are great facilities to ship it for Hew York and New Orleans , sad , from some of the districts to Canada easier than to either ; and Canada is now the best msiket . For these , and other reasons , 1 give a decided preference to the Par West

      I found , during my stay in the country , that many persons had been induced to gein to Western Canada from the States , from the fact that unprecedented encouragement had been given to several persons , some of whom I met ; they having obtained free grants of 200 acres of land each , on application to ths Colonial Government ; which Government had alK > given sneb encouragement in other respects , as to have caused considerable increase in trade . Taxes are lover there than in the States . Prom these circumstances it is evident that the policy of the British Government is to conciliate the Canadians ; and they have induced Dr . Nelson , -whom they denounced and hunted as a * ebe \ , to return , as also Mons . Papineau , formerly Speaker of the Hotae of Representatives , who had to flee for his life . I am informed that he had not only received a free pardon , but had been paid the full amount of his salary , as Speaker , dur ing the whole of his absence . from

      Mi , Mack&nzie's own mouth I -was informed that he had been presslngly invited to return , although he "was the head and chief leader of the ! rebels ; and was as repeatedly rejected by the Government , and . as regularly returned , until , at length , they were compelled to admit he was the leading opposition member of the House of BepMsentataves . To seek to have those faYOUTItea returned to the country , and to make concessions , is a proof that our rulers are resolved to retain their hold in that country as long as possible * ; bnt with all their anxiety to infuse loyalty into the breasts of the people , stall a strong hatred to Church ana King will ever exist , and the populace will most assuredly shake off their allegiance ct the first favourable opportunity . The expence of retaining possession of , and supporting the Colony is great , and is borne by British and Irish industry , which is fast on the wane , and will , ere long , be in&umcisnt £ 0 support itself at home , f Bat to return . '

      Persons who go out , not being members of the " Mutual Aid Society , " with the intention offpurehasing land , ought , in the first place , to go to ; the land offices of the several districts , say Mll /^ ALKBY , Chicago , Mxddison , GUlbha , or any other land office is whatever district they intend to locate , and ascertain how the unappropriated land is situated , and also obtain whatever general information may be requisite . Afterwards the land should be visited , to ascertain its Qualities ; its proximity to water , tor other conveyance for produce to a good market , or [ markets . Examine if sufficient timber be upon it , or if too muck ; as , in the latter case , great labour and expence -would be required to cut it down , { or chop it , as the phrase is ) , and clear it off . I have Been land that ' cost ten times its original price to dear off the timber ; and , after all , the stumps , about three feet in height , remained , and did not rot out for many years . ThiB will show the advantage of purchasing upon oak openings , or prairie . -

      for myself , I beg to state that I soon saw that if I came to a determination to purchase , I ouiht , at least , to be three months in the territory before filing myself ; so that 1 might obtain the most minute knowledge of every comer and circumstance , and profit by my own individual experience . This 2 mentioned to several persons , -who uniformly approved of the ides . The Emigrant must not by any means purchase or pay for a single acre of land , without first calling at the district office , and there ascertain that ths land ia really the property of the person professing to be the proprietor . Much imposition has been effected by sales of land by persons out of -whose possession it had passed ,- aad the maortmate porchwer 2 aa , after settling and laying ont additional money , and Imagining himself settled for life , been ejected from it , as though he baa never paid a farthing . This occurs ottenest when purchasing improved lands . I

      , Six miles square constitutes a township . A section is one mile square , or 640 acres—an half section , 320—a quarter 160 acres , and as eighth , eighty acres , which is the smallest quantity which the Government Will Bell . In every case tha sixteenth section is appropriated to the support of schools , wherebj an universal system of education ia established . " The title deeds which confer the right of property throughout the States are printed in a plain form , on parchment of the quarto siza . The purchaser ' s name , the locality of the purchase , and the date being filled up in writing , and thB document being subscribed by the President of the United States and the Agent of the General Land Office , becomes a perfectly legal document , and is handed to the purchaser f » e of all expe&ee , and may ba legally transferred by him to another person without the intervention of a lawyer , -or any of the absurd and expensive mummery practised by our moJem Solans in England or Scotland , j

      As every possible advantage 1 b taken of the Knowledge the inhabitants obtain of the intentions of a stranger , it is justifiable to act the part of the waterman , ibat is , to " look one way and row another "; or , as . the Yankees say , to be " wide awake . " ] Hich fiat land or valleys are often found very unhealthy ; and situations bordering on marshes and stagnant pools must be avoided . They engender ( disease , especially fever and agues ; which . 'disorders are of a lingering nature , ana though not considered very dangercus , yet they are naweleome visitants . Uncleared lands have a tendency to aggravate the evil ; and , if proper caution be not observed , the disease sometimes proves fatal Upland grounds , dry , and exposed to free air . ought to be preferred .

      Mr . Sheriff , a writer in Chamber s Jnformaiiotifor Hit People , states that the valley of the Mississippi ( which includes nearly the whole of the territories of "which 3 am speaking ) produces a good and sure crop of wheat of from thirty to thirty-five bnshels to the acre , of GO lbs . and often 6 G lbs . to the bushel . My information , however , is , that from fifteen to twenty bushels is the average ; and the -weight considerably under that given by Mr . S ., who further states that be estimated some Indian com on Ihe banks of the Mississippi &V twenty feet high . I saw none above seven and a half feet , and met with no one who had seen bo mueh as half Mr . Sheriff's estimate . '

      Mr . Flint is first made to differ with Mr . 8 ., and then is made to say that he had met a settler whe bad that year raized nine hundred bushels of Indian com , and that by his oym individual exertlens ;] -which statement is , from the information 1 received ; in that country , an absolnte Impossibility . Nevertheless , Mr . Flint adds that he had previously heard of a ] negro , settled on the prairies , near VincenneJ , 'who had the same year raised one thousand bushels ; and which is a still greater impossibility . We must , if it can be

      swallowed , believe that those gentlemen , the black and the white , had neither man , woman , nor child ; horse , ox , nor ass , to aid them in plon&hlng , digging , harrowing , sowing , hoeing , reaping , houseing , thrashing , and preparing it for the market ; which , grvina twenty-four bushels to the acre , w . nld be , for one Jntman being to cnltivate and crop , thirty-eight acres ; and thisi if the land were in the highest possible state of cultivation , B farm labourer in Britain -would say -was no trifling matter . Thii is what my American friends ; called " long-bo- !? sweeping . "

      Bet incredible as these statements are , they did not safSce ; for fee "writer proceeds to inform his readers that the soil is -well adapted for the growth of European vegetables : and he tffirms that cabbages groir to the sizs of from thirteen to seventeen and a half Jeet in circumference , and thai those of nine feet round ^ in the head are common 1 ! It wonld certainly bave been much -more satisfactory had Ht . Flint favoured the readers of •» Chauibers' litfonnaHoar with the name and address Oi thu « p * t 1 ct who y ?'"* ' * file j » faM fcnndn ** btubaim of grain hy Ms own individual * xeifion » , and also the name acd residence of the negro nearTiacennes who raised the one thousand bushels by the same means . It

      might be thought rude to deny the statement ; { nevertheless , bj a little personal intercourse with the black aufi v * 5 i 8 gentlemen , ( for settlers ore generally understood to 1 >© white , ) a most valuable lesson might have been learned . It would have been no less important had the "mane of one grower of those thirteen , and BeTenteen-and-a-bslf-feet-drcnnrfetence cabbages been also given . The absence of suchinfoimaUoBxaQsed me to devote eoMSflerable Hmein makiDg isaniriesas to where those immense vegetables were produced ; but , from personal observation , I found the cabbages grown in England are much superior to any in those parts over ¦ which I travel ed .

      The cabbage-statement is followed up % y another , to shew , or induce the belief , that parsnips , carrots , ftCd ¦ beets are remarkable tor their tnzs and Savour ; and peas most txcellent and prolific These " longbow sweepings" may not have been published with a dishonest intention : tut I consider parties culpable in Ihe highest degree who circulate such unfounded statements ' among the people , who possess no means of ascertaining the truth . By such tales are they allured from their hones to a pictured Paradise ! and , when too late , they find nothing tat a wilderness . <

      Chamber ? Informx&o * gc * B on to state \ hat peaches are in blossom on the 1 st of April ; asparagus on the 3 rd ; and peas , beans , and onionB aie sown and breogbt to perfection as though there were bat one day In the year , and that the seasons were xegalated on that one day in the same way as a watch . Saeh is not the case . In that country the winters are » ore and leas severs , as -well as longer and shorter in theiz duration ; although the Messra Chambers essay to gull the public by stating that cm the 20 th of April , nine dajs after the pea < h blossoms , the spring has fairly set ia and the prairies are green ; all of which are . set down ] as tie xseaiorandBins of a naturalist . No donbt they are those of % natural fool ; for none other would clothe , the trees in blossom before the spring set in , or affirm that tBrnipsjeown on the 10 ih of September grow to a large *> 2 s before winter . This cannot in anywise apply , to the Northern States , i

      I paw over the story about beef fund hogs being divided among neighboarsj and return * aiade of the jtyros kind , and also teat ot three-year old heifers weighing iSSlbs . being sold for 24 b . Sd ., and come to the following passage : —

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      Every farmer , besides his own land , has the range or the meadow * around him both for his cattle , hogs , turkeys , and poultry , so that they are reared in immense numbers and at small expence . " No doubt where the land is unappropriated , the cattle and pottl try do range the forest , unrestricted ; but when the land is taken up , enclosed and improved , they are oinfinsd to their own property , the same as in England . When cattle , feciare reared they are slow of sale , and are not un&eouen | ly' exchanged for articles o ! necessity , If ever the markets -were good » even when Messrs . Chambers published these exaggerations , it by no means follows that they are so now . Again , it is said : — 11 Altogether the fertility of the country , and the abundance of ita natural productions , are such that the inhabitants are afraid of not being believed by the other Americana . " f

      This portion of tee subject is dosed with the following ;— '¦ " These statements may ( do ) appear overdrawn , but all the favourable impressions which had been made concerning this country , by thereports of former visitors , have been confirmed , in the moat satisfactory manner , by Mr . Stuart , of Donearn , who passed through the whole territory in ! 183 2 , and conversed with the most intelligent of its inhabitants . His account agrees in everything with what we had previously heard of the great fertility and growing importance of the country . " ;

      Those gentlemen father upon Mi . Stuart the "Whole ot these extravaganzas , which are , I feel sorry to say , bo far as I could obtain information , gross and criminal allurements ; and I beg to assure my fellow countrymen and conntrywoman who blindly follow the tempting bait that they will speedily feel the hook . What can justify statements so outrageous , While upon land eqoally rich and rTsrtUe , and in a climate equally as congenial , the average ; crop is generally known to be under twenty bushels per acre ? The knowledge that hundreds have been induced to leave their father-land , in consequence of what Chambers' and others have published in this over-oolouredway , has induced ! mo to lay the reality before my readers , and leave them to take their own course ; that knowing the truth that they may have themselves alone to blame .

      Mr . Stuart having betn frequently quoted in Chambers' pnbiicaiion , it may be useful to give the following correspondence which will show what his evidence is worth : — . ¦ "The following letter was addressedbVjflprder of the Government , to Mr . Beal , Factory Inspector , of Dundee ( See debate upon Mr . Fietden ' a motion of enquiry in the House of Commons , July , 1840 ; and notice the villainy of the Whigs , the pitiful BubteiTu £ e of Fax Maule , who wifiked-tha House to believe that the inspectors were only authorised to report the state o / the Harvest J : — " 345 , Strana , London , " 30 th July , 1839 .

      " Deab . Sib—I have to acquaint you for your information alone , that I am officially instructed to teatch and take measures for obtaining information as to any proceedings in my district , relative to assemblages of workinp people or Chartists , « circumstances calculated to disturb the pnblici peace . You will , therefore , be so good as to make t weekly a co ? y ?< fentfaf report ftpon THIS SUBJECT . The newspapers bom different parts of your district will generally point out to you any places requiring particularly to be noticed , but lake care at Dundee and elsewhere to act with seeresy and prudence , so tkat you may escape observation , and not be sutpeeled of giving information . " I am , dear Sir , yours truly . "James Stuart . '

      It must by no means be inferred from any statement herein set forth that I wish it to be understood , that with industry and : proper management , there are not the means of living upon a plot of land . No ; on the contrary , I feel convinced that in no country In the world can greater means of comfort and independence be acquire * . Yet let no new settler imagine that he can arrive at such a state without encountering many difficulties , and even hardships ; great tall , numerous disappointments , and many unforseen Inconvenienceseverything being new and every circumstance changed —new labour , new climate , and a new mode ef life . All must calculate upon great absence of comfort ; and none onght to go -who bave not previously m&cSe up their minds to ensure much . They must call philosophy to their aid—they must set up a bold

      frontmeet every obstacle with resolution , and overcome it with energy , looking forward in confidence to increasing comforts , and the attainment of independence I have no means of directing the reader to any work on which reliance can be placed for acquiring authentic information , although I have carefully examined many -works on the United States . "Cobbett ' s Year ' s Residence , " and other Emigrant Guides , contain more or less useful information ; bnt circumstances change with the tunes—new points of attraction Bpring np , and new lines by which to reach them . I have laboured to give the best possible information connected with the present time and circumstances , and the most accurate description of things as they are ; all of which I conjure the intending Emigrant carefully to ponder in his mind ere he leaves his native land .

      My task is now completed . If what I have said and done will be of advantage to the poor , who are now the prey of the crafty and the designing , my labour will not have been in vain . The consciousness that I nave been ef use will be my best reward . L . PlTKETHLY . Huddersfield , 2843 .

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      HOME COLONIZATION . LETTER XX . TO THE EDIT 0 B 0 » THE NORTHERN STAR . Str—The next . point of the preliminary Charter to which I have to call the attention of your readers , is— " Free trade in all things with all the world . " We have heard a great deal of the abolition of the Com Laws , of the abolition of the Sugar Duties , and of the abolition of many other imposts ; but with the adoption of the previous measures that I have laid before you , none of which will be opposed after tbe people shall have once shewn themselves to be united , free trade in all things with all tbe world may be much easier obtained than any of these isolated and partial measures . ;

      The fact is , that the present system is become , so complicated , so intricate , and so inadequate to the growing -wants of the country , that every day shews t&e utter impossibility of its being ranch longer continued ; and each attempt to meddle with it , shews the folly of any partial measure of redress . The question of supply and demand , is one that has puzzled the brains of a great number of persona calling themselves political economists ; some of whom have argued for protective . duties , others for bounties on exportation ; some for restrictions on growth , others for prohibitions from importation ; whilst none have taken the plain simple course sf demanding that whatever is produced in any portion of the globe shall be freely exchanged far tbe produce of any otber portion . This alone however is the true basis of free trade , and as soon as the people aro a little more enlightened on the subject , this is the course they will adopt

      What bnt the extreme ignorance of man with regard to his own nature and interest , could have raised np tbe various impediments which now exist to his epjoyfng those things which all admit may be mast liberally supplied if a ready means of exchange could be found ? There is no event bnt what has been taken advantage of for the purpose of preventing bis enjoyment , not only of the comforts and luxuries of life , as they are called , bnt even ef everything necessary for bis bare existence . ' This pressure upon ; industry murt and will continue toasTpster or Jess degree , according t » the strength , union , and Intelligence of the various sections and parties which divide all society , until man shall be truly awakened to the idea of his being a portion of one great universal whole ; and that his feelings , bis convictions , his sensations , in fact his happiness or misery , depend upon the general amount of either that is produced .

      We may , however , , rejoice at the prospect before us , of an adoption of a far superior state of things , which may readily be perfected by tbe union of the people ; ana which must soon be effected , through the necessity that is daily pressing upon us for a great change . fba « ents of the last few years must shew to every reflecting tnfcni ^ that in proportion as toe intelligence of the masses has bosB-awakend on any particular subject , in an exactly comvpowiing ratio have ' the ? keen enabled to procure repress ; and It !«¦*« £ evident that at present they are ; beginning to have a somewhat clear conception of iwhat is for their benefit-, w&feh conception cannot fail to be enlarged dally .

      It is noS my province to interfere with details ; nor would I ever make » o ; trifling an object as the repeat of the Com Laws a matter of agitation for the masses ; but I think , as a rnlei the principle of free trade should be supported wherever it exhibits itself ; for there will never be any cause to fear that such a principle , when it has been ' fairly carried by public opinion , can afterwards be counteracted or become injurious . If tha steady growing intelligence of tfie main body Of tbe people can be supported and extended , and of this there can be no Idoubt ; they will Boon be led to discern tbe means whereby they could immediately , and without iDjurj toiaay existing interests , terminate ihe present inswna divisions which exiBt ; and by

      adopting an universal basis , give to every individnsl member of society , all things neeesBsry for his well-being . At the present moment nothing bnt the want of love for each otber and such an idea of the noivenal as ¦ would make all seek ' the common happiness , prevents the great body of the intelligent of all classes from immediately changing the aspect of affairs . Jjet them simplify their wants by a total abstinence from everything tbat ia taxed ; let them unite for the interchange of the produce of their labour , and if they can « o far agree , for ita production ; ana , in proportion to the experience they obtaiD , they will likewiee procure the knowledge aad power farther to progress in thlsallimportent work . : "Whit ia feere that . could- n » t soon be effected by the « nioB of love , intelligence , industry , and economy ,

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      without waiting to be heholdsn to any governing or wh » t ia called iroperior clasM PerJecfc love It always in unity , an * never inquires whether its Government be a ae 8 potlsm an , oligarchy , or a democracy , well knowing that It is always cared for Hn all things . Intelligenco , nnder the control of love , always directs everything lot ; the advantage of all , and easily commands respect , submission , and obedience from all-without the use of any harsh ar unpleasantjineans . Industry , with tne two former , more especially in a large and exteu-Bive union , will readily supply not only all things required for the immediate wantslof the parties located ; bnt If they take advantage , as they may most readily doof the

      , mechanical aad chemical discoveries of the age , the Industry of such , persona as would thus assoctttejnay soon glvethem - the pWer of extending the oenenta they would themselves enjoy throughout' people . Economy , on a true tails , joined with the preceding ( qualities wouKl ^ 0 simplify toe Wants and habits of the people associated , that they would wonder how they : oonld have previously subjected themselves to such an immense amount of care and anxiety for the supply ef numberless wants , which , when dispensed with , they wilt find their beings in a farsnperior and iWgher state of existence , and that they have j # ya and pleasures of which they had before no conception . !

      We are apt to complain of our governors , rulers , and others in autherity , as though they were the cause of all the difficulties under which we labour ; whereas when man shall have arrived at hla true dignity of being , ind ^ vMuftUy ot collectively , he t Will i always find in himself j the power of overcoming every difficulty that surrounds him . Begal povrer , the Government , the Church , and all other authority , will be looked upon with relation to tbe service it renders to tbe Cause Of human progress ; and , whilst preserved , will fee supported ana assisted In every manner possible for the performance or its duties ; but awe or dreaa , fear or trembling , win be unknown to man . He will know

      bis own ( internal power and dignity ; and this knowledge will ; through the love tbat will be manifested forth in every one , not only for the human race , but for everything that has life , become speedily sojgeneral that there { will be an inconceivable power exerted by each , that will soon extend itself j universally . Let us then cultivate these qualities in every manner possible , that they may speeo-iiygoperate to tbe subjection of all evil things , and toj the establishment of everything that is good . Let none fear the commencement of sach a task , nor the difficulties with which he may be individually surrounded . If he shall be found prepared to perform his duty as a universal being the opportunity will not long be wanting .

      Your Paper of last week contained an account of & visit to this place by Mr . G . J . Holyoake ; and perhaps aa I have now been here for some weeks , it may be servicable to the general progress if I give your readers my impressions respecting it . My visiting here , on leaving Harmony , was the consequence of an engagement to the Pater tbat I would take the earliest opportunity of doing so ; but I had no intention of remaining more than a day or two , as I bad heard bo many accounts of the miserable state in which they lived , and of thoir strange mystical doctrines , that making allowance for much exaggeration , I thought

      a day or two would quite suffice . I found , however , so warm and cordial a recaption , and 00 much genuine sympathy for the great object of my existence , tbat on leaving tor , London to perform some engagements I had entered into , I resolved on returning at the earliest moment . This resolution Was soon . confirmed by the agitation , anxiety , and misery , which I found even among tbejmost fortunate of the parties I hod to mix with in London ; for the calm , peaceful retreat of this place bore to me a strange contrast with tbe turmoil that is besetting all the competitors for what the world calls wealth or fame . -

      I have since spent the greater portion of my time here , alternating it with two or three days each week in London ; as my business demands . There is , of course , much , very much to amend , as the parties have every thin £ to learn with regard to associated life ; but there is much here which if extensively copied would soon go far towards introducing the measure I now advocate . > Toe parties observe a total abstinence from animal loo < A , fermented or distilled liquors , tobacco , tea , coffee , ana almost ; bo from sugar , a little having been used once or twice only since I have been here with fruib pies . They abstain also from batter , cheese , milk , eggs , honey , or any other product of the inferior animals , this last arrangement being considered neces sary on the principle of man ' s ! doing justice to the other varied creations of the earth .

      The diet thus simplified consists of oatmeal porridge , bread madia from wheat without separating any portion of the bran from it , boiled rice , potatoes , and other vegetables and fruits , the produce of their garden . It is thus very inexpensive , and prevents them from being affected by any of ths taxation which is now bo liberally bestowed on everything it can reach ; the people might soon , by this means alone , put a stop to the present irrational mode of conducting human affairs . j Their highest employment ia the cultivation of what they term the "love spirit , ' * which they affirm exists In every human being ; and which , if properly developed ,

      and permitted ita full manifestation , will unite all In on * common bond of union ; and impel all continually to [ act for the universal good . Those who visit tile establishment , who desire the happiness of their fellow men , whatever may be their opinion of the fitness of sach a position for themselves individually , will not fail earnestly to hope that the spirit which has actuated the Pater of the ! first Concordium to commence such a work , and Which sustains him in the continuance of it under what wonld appear to most persons insurmountable difficulties , may persuade many thousands , who have far more extensive means fordoing good , provided their beings could be animated by tbe desire , to V go and do lifcewise . ' >

      Such a course of proceeding may be adopted by any and every division or class of the : people that can be stimulated to desire it . They may easily locate themselves on sufficient land to provide all they require ; aud by being in the neighbourhood of large towns , they may easily procure employment ; And this too not in the present servile manner in which they are now obliged to solicit it , ] but by delegating the best qualified person among their body to attend to this division of their proceedipgs ; and thus obtain aJl the results without the interposition of another party ; whilst their children may always ] be practically educated , and may , at an early age , be made contribute more to the general stock than they withdraw from it .

      Any parties , however , who shall think of introducing thiajmode of obtaining free-trade in all things with all the ( world , must take care that they admit no individual to take part in their proceedings until be shall have manifested that he is actuated by the de&ixe to promote the universal good , or as they would say here , is filled with the love spirit . Unless this prerequisite be obtained there will be no unity ; and without unity there ; can be no successful results . I am . Sir , yonr obedient Servant , i WllLlAM GaLPIN . Concordium . Ham Common , Surrey . July 24 , 1843 .

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      THE NATIONAL BENEFIT SOCIETY FAVOURABLE FEATURES ANO CIRCUMSTANCES ATTENDANT ON OUR ADVANCED POSITION . TO THE CHARTIST PUBLIC . Brotiier Chartists—Having in the short space of five years , 'concentrated hundreds of tbonsands of tbe true Radicals , under tbe fearful name of " Chartists "; having congregated the majority of our fellow-slaves under our fair banner of right , truth and justice ; having petitioned and demanded , by millions of signatures , tbe establishment of our Magna CAarta ; having waded through a mighty tide of persecution , and weathered tbe

      bouterous gate of faction ; having borne the heat and toils « f a long and dire campaign , and come forth victorious from tbe field , though with great loss of men and munitions , standing to our came and colours , though our chiefs fell into tbehauds of our powerful and wealthy enemy ; having by those many and mighty evidences displayed our great moral power and worth , and our yet dormant " physical strength , " we are become a party capable of carrying forward the most extensive plans for tho amelioration of the manifold grievances of pur order —tho order of industry ; and are the only party equal to it J jrHE work is therefore OURS ; and ice must do it ^ l .

      Toe fact , tbat we have been , and still aro , associated in vast nunibera throughout the country , in one body , under one title , having the same objects in view , the same desiras iand interests , —and those the elevation of the toiling class from degradation , misery , poverty , and the continual dread of wretchedness and starvation , to a lift-of happy healthful labour and competency , peace and joy ; these facts prove that we are in a positiotf t *' put into operation the most extensive machinery necessary to remove us from oat of our present grievous situation , . - " Out of evil cometh good , "

      The very ills of wbieb we speak have produced , and are producing , favourable features' and circumstances for tbe . necessary machinery and operations to human redemption . Hundreds of the middle class , who nave , thronah tbe faulty medium of theie " darkened glass * or caste snrt jwrty , leokod upon us With prejudice , fear , and di » xrust ; jean , now tbat tbe wolf , is at their door , look upon us as it were with other eyes , and fancy we are not tbe Chartists of yesterday whom they perse-« utea , 1 Nay they even now applaud us I Brothers , l « t not us upbraid them for the " change tbat bath cotrie o ' er the spirit of thoir dream , " but ; ratbar turn the change to our account £ et us take

      advantage of their and our altered circumstances . Nambers of tbe small shopkeepers bave been broken up and beggared i numbers more will as surely be broken up ; numb . ersi'will have to sell off their stock in order to save something from the general wreck , and will Eaigrate with tbelr few pounds , bat to waste it , in ths hope of , finding a b > tter field for the exercise of their ingenuity ; numbers of small farmers will share tbe same fate , or be sold up for rents and rates ; thousands more of the working class will be thrown out of employ by improved machinery , and be added to tbe thousands who are npw cast over the country , to linger out a w « ary existence by begging , or fill the murder SAsmis , aad increase the rates for the purchase of

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      poison and coffins ; until bat two classes , widely distinct from each other , jexist—thej wealthy land and factory lords , and their wrelcheel nominal serfs . True , it hath not quite come to this yet . Theve is yet strength loft in us wherewith to redeem our lost position . We can yet , by our united exertions , l 6 ad our starving countrymen from this vale of tears and despair , to scenes of smiles and hope . If we start such a society &s I have [ urged upon you , these broken shopkeepers , tradesmen ! and farmers , would surely gladly invest their few pounds in it , instead of wasting their substance on the wide Atlantic , anl thus by their united pounds , and industry , create happy homes for themselves , and enrich by their surpliu productions the whale association . The breaking up of tho old system will be the making of tbe newt Wbe that hath studied it in all its ramifications , but will say that it is fast breaking up ? The great ystem

      ef trade—the extensive } system of manufacture that bath grown up so rapidly since the war , enriching the few and ruining the many , must of necessity iuih and destroy itself ! Know ye jnot that the walls , and ramparts , and castleB , and keeps , and machinery of the manufacturers , is only wealth so long as it is in constant use ? That partial use } wont pay the holder ; that , without " trade" or "business / ' great manufacturing establishments are so much dead and useless and ugly matter ; as witness Acramana and Co . ' a concern at Bristol , H&rfords and Ca ' s concern at the same place , and also in Monmouthshire , with many others . That the thing may be patched up ] a bit longer , is certain ; but no patch can make it endure . The artificial system is subject , to so many derangements , that it must be ever in danger of stagnation , and consequent ultimate annihilation ; but Nature and ] her broad fields will continue for ever 1 Let ns hasten then to return onto her ! Once

      having made a sure footing on the Land , we axe safe ! Prosperity is then before us . By the weekly contributions of those of our members who are in employ , and the profits ef our colonies , we shall be able to procure ! all we need . Machinery ] as the rotten system of credit explodes , will be at our j command , at onr own price . Tae laws will respect us . \ Justice , none of tbe " powers that be" will dare to refuse us . Our rights , political and social , will be within ] our grasp . We shall , in subb . a society , be * ' lords o £ j creation , " great and greater than tbe tinselled noblea of the Crown ' s creation ; for we , shall be truly Nature ' s nobles . The society 1 have proposed is the Bare and easy stepping atone to all these great advantages and this happy end ; and I call upon you , brothers , as you lave and respect yourselves and families , to instruct your delegates to the National ] Conference about to be called , to frame the rules for such a society .

      it will be seen , by reference to my last letter , that I bave not made any deduction for the incidental expencea of carrying on the society ; and therefore I will here explain that point . The- regular subscriptions of members under tbe graduated scale , I would appropriate exclusively to the purposes for which it was subscriber ! : namely , the purchase of land or other raw material , asd bold it to be a sacred fund , especially set apart for the permanent benefit of the subscribers ; but for the general expenees of the society , ( such as education , agitation , pay of officers , delegates , j books , stationary , &o . I propose to establish a general fund , to be collected by clawing the members as [ follows , to auit their varied circumstances : — j 1 st . Subscribers at Id . and upwards , p&r week . 2 nd . Ditto £ i per week . 3 rd . Ditto | dl or Id . per month . 4 lb . Voluntary subscribers .

      A general fund , I think , may be safely tried on this bc&Io ; as all the members would have a self-interest in subscribing as much or more than they could well afford to help on their Benefit Society . Of this I feel assured , that such a plan of varying-subscriptions must be adopted in the Chartist body , on account of the poverty of the people and their varied circumstances . Remember the parable ef the widow ' s mite , and despise not farthings . J a permanent defence Fund has been recommended by Feargus O'Connor , the Editor of tho Star , Veiltos , and many others / If such a fund be deemed necessary , by all meana let us have it : but of all

      things , let us have a National Benefit Society , with its sacred . u or LAND AND LABOUR FUND , and its General Fund . If , my beloved fellows , fuither argument be needed for the necessity for the establishment of sneh a society , with each funds ; and if eloquent appeals are needed to rouae year dormant energies to tbe work , I would refer you to the letter of J . Leocli , of Hyde , in the Star of July the 8 th ; to those of Isaac Hoyle , and James Williams , in last Saturday's Star , concerning themselves and fellow prisoners . There , near human nature and human feelings speaking in nature ' s language itself ; aud let us answer aa becomes men J-J-by wobds aud deeds J |

      Brothers , —Prepare a shelter for yourselves against hastening calamities , which , even now , cast their shadows before i When tbe next Master ' s strike occurs , be provided with an asylum for the turnouts ; aad let the Master-class fight the battle of Blight and power themselves , and fall into the pit they dig for others ! ) Your Brother , Gracchus .

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      TO THE CHARTIST PUBLIC . BB 0 THEE ChaHTISTsI—Whilst I write I am sitting in decidedly the most prejudiced , bigoted , and priest * ridden city of the empire , surrounded on all sides by political knaves , and hypocritical pretendera to religion and phllanthrophy ; political quacks , and long-faced Pharisees—" rogues ingrain " , and cross-grained snarlera , who will neither do good themselves or permit others to enjoy their opinion ; JTories who might claim , the palm for their peculiar attachment to present institutions ; and Whigs , who are not a whit behind their fellows in bellowing , when they cannot have a share of the "loaves and fishes" ! stolen from the poor man ' s table . Amidst this heterogeneous mass of sinners , saints , and quacks , here iisit , turning over in my mind what I shall write about ; or which of the parties deserve the first place hi tho ranks of the people's enemies . j

      I assure yon , my friends , I find it a perfect puzz ' e to decide ; and for that reason will take rather & general view of the entire ; and ] as tbia " ancient aud loyal city of Bristol" has during the past week been the theatre of unusual proceedings , and has gained some notoriety , I will , with your permission , just give you a brief outline of the occurrences which hMB happened , commencing with Monday , the 17 th instant . But before doing so , I will premise tbat although I have been an actor in the first piece , I do not insert it through any motive save tbat of shewing you the BEal character of the company who performed upon that occasion .

      I must inform yon , then , that the Irish Repealers invited William John O'Connell to stir up the agitation in Bristol . Well , he came ; and a dinner was provided at the sign of the Castle and Ball . I had been , as also my friend Mr . Clarke ( a sterling Chartist ) , under promise to take two" tickets ; bat when the auspicious day arrived , a gentleman connected with the demonstration said I could not faave them ; and he believed my principles were the objection . He , however , suggested that I might eoine after dinner . This I did not quite relish ; but having to return L-y the Castle and Bolt after our Society's meeting , I could not , although it was then ten o'clock , resist the temptation " to pop my head in . " and bave ia peep at the " Inspector-General of all England , " who closed the Lodge againstS Mr . O Connor in London ; and here 1 will teg you toj remember nearly all the [ persons present were well known to me , and with many of whom I was ou terms of intimacy . j

      Before entering the room I sent up a note to a friend , asking if it would be improper to go in at that late hour ? This note fell into the hands of the Vice-Chairman , who was a son of my friend ; and be wrote on its back tbe words— " Come to me ; J can't stir . " This I did , after paying la shilling at tbe door for admission . At this time a Mr . Johnstone , a member of tbe Complete Suffrage Association , was speaking ; and amongst otber subjects touched upon tbe rejection of the Chartists by Repealers : J he defended their " honesty of intention" in coming forward in aid of Ireland , and contended they were unfairly dealt with . This evidently caused dissatisfaction amongst tbe officials , which was not abated by fflty " solo" of " Hear , bear . " Mr . Jobnstone then went a little farther , and naked " What suffrage was to accompany Repeal ? " And 1 must do that gentleman the justice to state , tkat although he knew such a question would expose him to a caatigation , be boldly stood upon principle .

      After Mr . Johnstone came an Englishman , and he , poor fellow , chancing to say that "Ma eoantrymen would assist Ireland , " was met with the remark , "I doubt it ! " The next was the Inspector-Generil himself ! Who plainly told Mr . Johnstone " he must keep his peculiar notions of Chartism to himself ;" and although oa ( Mr . O'C . ) would not speak harshly of the Chartists , be would , so \ help him God ! get Repeal without the aid of physical force or tbe Chartists ! Everyman , like himself , connected with Repeal , bad at the bottom moch tbe same principles aa Mr . Johnstone , but for certain reasons . kept them behind the bock . Daring this time a paper ' correspondence was going on from the vice-chair to the chair , and you will presently see for what purpose . ]

      I forgot to mention , that ] my friend to whom I sent the note , came tu me shortly after I entered the room , and said , " If you attempt to say a word here to-night , I will be the first to have you turned out" I My reply was , " I will not hurt Repeal . " Mr . O'Connell having finished" bia tirade , I rose to reply ; but , as if by magic , the Chairman was " up to his eyes" in business , and Mr . O'C . " believed it was the tale , while business waa transacting , speaking should cease . " "Of cooise you will near me when yea hava leisure , " I replied . ' Yesj" from the Chairman . I saw the " dodge , " and watched my time . Another note from the Vice-Chair , and I was on my feet ; aye , and < o was every person present ; 1 walked up beside the Chairman and Mr . O'ConnellJ and then , a scene occurred wbicb baffles description . Ij was alone as a Chartist Tae Irisfi were about sixty , all middle olasa men . They crowded aro « nd the Chair , and hemmed me in . Some stood upon the seats to have a " peso" at the Chartist 1 ^

      My Friends , I wSl spare you a reoital of ( he-straggle for leave to speak , even as a private individual with the assemble * despots . Suffice it to say , that O'Connell ,. in the name jof the Liberator , asked if the rules « f the Cora Exchange , exdudiug fcsown Chartists , should be kepfcjtaviolaU ? to whieh ha

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      received an affirmative from all but Jobnstone—be , with truespirit held up his solitary haad against it , fo which he received a blow upon the arm from one who is more talkative than wise , and who accompanied his slrifcinpreproof With the words , "Do you know what you ara doing Johnstone ?'' "Yes , " was the reply , " but you do not" O'Connell threatened me . and shook his doubled Sstin my face : and asked " Are you a Chartist , sir ? answer me yes or no—are yon ft Cbartist ?" This waa vociferously re-echoed by hia now frantic dupes . I could noS fur the lifts of me reply , there was BO much obstruction , noise and confusion . , 0 'Connel

      kept shaking his nst , and the meeting hollowing , until at length , aroused by indignation , I summoned and felt as if it were a superhuman strength ; and conscions ot my Integrity , I made myself heara to say , " If that bell pall was a gallows , Yea" ! Quick : as thought O'Connell put a motion that I should not be heard—th 8 hands were already up in approval , when I taught him that a Chartist knew better how to act in mectingB than be did . " You cannot , " * I said , " put that sir J It ia the chairman's privilege , and you cannot , must notf do if He then put it through the chair : and when carried I met such music !

      Fancy , my English friends , that I stood as described , and had to listen to the moat a- ^ ful groaning , yelling , and hissing from my countrymen , and for what ? FOR BEING A CHARTIST t f And for doing -what O'Connell would not do—sacrificing my individual interests and doing ths little I can > without hope and wit ' aont wish for reward . ¦ " Turn him out , "came next " Who dares ? " I raid . ( A . voice ) " He paid hia money . " One said , " He can stay . " "No , " I said , " not with such as you , who fawn and crouch like slaves and retard your country ' s interests . "

      I left , my friends , insulted by even the very waitersone of whom I waa near kicking down stairs ; but I did not go until I made the " representative of the Liberator" know I did not consider him a gentleman or a Christian , nor until I told the tyrant to remember tha saying , " Every dog haa his day . And when O'Connor , comes here next veek , I will make your coward consciences tremble for this treatment . " Before this , by the courtesy of the editor , reaches the public eye , I shall have done so ; I shall have told the men of Bristol , bow WHlism John O'Connell treated me for attempting to defend their principles , and they will have raised a cheer for the Charter which will drown the yells of faction , and shake the citadel of corruption to its centre in Bristol . Mr . Johnstons has since informed me that he received by an intentional accident , a blow of an elbow in tha mouth , whilst clinging near my side in tbe melee .

      This , my friends , is only a mere shadow of what passed , and even this is sufficient to shew you that the Charter is your first great object ; and that without it , we shall not be ever able to silence the tongue of slander —or stop the progress of oppression . Therefore away with trifling I let us to wcrk , and no surrender , until it becttmeB the law . When that day arrives we will not bave Princes riding in state under triumphal arches as in Bristol on Wednesday ; nor your money squandered upon foreign paupers whilst you are literally starving .

      The Working men of Bristol gave the Pnnee a cool reception . The Iadiea are dissatisfied by his want of courtesy ; and all shades of Reformers evince symptoms of distaste for royal holidaying . Never waa there an exhibition so little relished ; and oven the Prince seemed to feel that the people were thinking about such things . He was very pale , sat in the corner of bis carriage , and very seldom condescended to raise Ilia hat from hie brow even to the : ladies . There are many thousands , I must say , of those who will never forgive him for what they conceive to be an insnlt ,

      I cannot intrude on the valuable space of the Star , l > y communicating upon such subjects ; but will just add , if we had the Chatter the people would have something else to do than waste their time to swell such harlequin displays . Tbe next item in the week ' s business is the delivery of a lecture In the Pablic Room , hj the Rsv . G . Solly . This lecture was got up by tho Complete Suffrage party ; and from my own knowledge I can speak of its result , by informing you that at one penny admission to tha body of tbe hall the entire sum realized amounted to 8 s . 9 d . { So much for " Complete Suffrage" in Bristol .

      This ia the outline of a week in bigotted Bristol ; the next will be a glorious one . The prince of the people . Whom tyranny cdnnot conquer or persecution , dismay ; whose doctrines are truth and whose principles are justice , will be here ; and then all the saints , tbe sinners and the quacks will be taught that then is bat one sovereign remedy for present political evils ; and that that remedy ia contained in the just and immutable principles of the People ' s Charter . I have the honour to be , brother CharUster , Your very obedient and faithful servant , July 23 rd , 1843 . W . H . Clifton .

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      PARADISE WITHIN THE REACH OF ALL MEN , WITHOUT LABOUB , BY POWERS OF NATURE AND MACHINERY . Letter II , ¦ TO THE EDIT 0 E OP THE NOETHERK STAB . Bear Sir . —Every reflecting mini must perceivd that the three inventions enumerated in my last , — Gunpowder , the Marineu ' s Compass , and theABT op Printing , hare changed the face of society completely ; and that the deeds of an Alexander , a Cesar , a Tamerlan , and the lives of those millions whom they have slaughtered , are insignificant , in regard to their influence upjn mankind , if compared with the deeds of the inventors of Gunpowder , tha Mariners Compass , and the Art of Printing . The human mind , having once broken through the

      darkaess of the middle ages , with the aid of these three inventions , marched on rapidly in the way of improvement . ' Invention followed invention ; but , with the exception of the discovery , or rather appreciation of steam powbh , and within a later time , the investigation of electro-magnetism , the inventions were merely improvements in tools , which enabled a smaller number of men to produce more and superior articles of wealth than a larger number could formerly accomplish . This endeavour merely to improve tools , misled men from the real fount of invention , power ; power to drive the machines ; power to handle the tools ; power to do tbe work .

      Etzleb Opens a new way to inventor a ; or rather brings them back to the best way which they can proceed . He , combining an inventive genius with the acquirements of a philosopher and mathematician , has surveyed the powers of nature ; and clearly shown , in his simple and admirable bsok , "Tha Paradise within the reach of all men , " that there is more power at ail times at our command , than is required to do ten thousand times more than all men on earth could effect in . the same time wits their nerves and sinews ! He has Bhown that there is sufficient power to produce ia plenty all the necessaries of life , and to change our Globe to a most deiightful Paradise . After he had spent twenty years of his life in observing and calculating , he cama before his fellow men , and thus announces hie di&CQ * veries and the result of his labours : —

      " Look here , ye philosophers ; ye speculators ; ye who seak the philosopher ' s stone ; ye who undergo all hardships and dangers , and traverse the ooean from one extremity to the other in search of money ; look here , —a new , easy , straight , and short road to the summit of your wishes is shown !—Ye , who are tired of life ' s toil and vexations , drop your tool , pause a little , and look here at the means for a new life of free labour , full of enjoyment and pleasures ; collect your thoughts , and reflect with . the greatest solicitude that you are capable of , upon the means and ways presented to you for the greatest humaa happiness imaginable , for yoarselFes , for the objeot 3 of your endearments , and for your posterity fox ever . "

      It is hardly possible to invite in stronger language the attention of men , or to appeal more to their feelings and desires than Etzler did in the first paragraph of his preface ; but many , who could not comprehend such promises , treated the matter as a mero fancy . This he seemed to have foreseen ; for he at first said : — " here is no idle faucy ; no vain system presented to amuse you merely ; no scheme for deceiving you or fpr cheating you of your money ; but substantial means for your greatest happinessaro displayed before your eyes , ia a fair , open , and honest way : no sacrifice , do trust , no risk , is asked of you ; nothing but the trouble to examine . If the author bo m error—why , you will then discover it ; but if he 13 right , then no endeavours , even of the greatest prater , will be able to diaprovethe exhibited truths . ' la the third paragraph he showed that he was not only an inventor bat also a philosopher and philanthropist .

      ' Why gives the author his invaluable discoveries 1 j 1 l > ablte ' wl > ioh , if true , he might sell for millions of dollars I—Or is be 8 O 8 imple , as not to know how to ava . il himself of his discoveries for his beat profit !' Ihese are questions you probably will ask . I will answer them directly . It is because I want to sell these my productions at the highest prica I can get for them , just as you do with , yours in the market . Now , mere millions of dollars are too low a price for my . discoveries . I want to Bell them at a miioh higher rate ; at the rate of seeing all my fcllow ^ men , and myself with them together , ia the enjoyment of the greatest happinasa that human life ia capable of ; because I see there is no danger in . it , tho wosld being large enough * nd having means enough for affording the greatest happiness that can be thought of , not only for mjself . and a few friends , but for all men on earth . "

      It was not his wish to monopolize machinery or fe > use hi 8 discoveries merely for his own advantage . His aim was , and is to this present day , to benefit his fellow-men , and to lira with them in a state of peace and happiness . Etzler tried for several jearg to interest goreraments in his inventions , that they might becomo at once the property of whole nations ; but ho spent hia time and labours in vain . He met every where with an indifference from those who are at the head of stato affairs : Another proof that tho Governments of all countries are , at least , ten years behind their respective people . IamySir , Yonr obedient servant , G . F . Stgllmeter No . 3 , Ndrthampion Terrace , City-road , London , July 24 th , 1843 . ( To be continued . J

      Untitled Article

      _ THE NORTHERJN J ^ T AJR ^ | ' 7

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 29, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct661/page/7/