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    OE&AOTZATION . "Wb presume tnaJ ty Qm time _» people need not to ie Monnsd ihat without Organuatjon , they are nJJeriy po-werless , save for their enemies . Th&freqneut anS soeeessive efforts TrMch have been , made for file establishment of a general sad BjBtemized Organization shews that ihey are alive to this fact ; -niule tke titter failure of every plan jet acted on , shews egnaHy ihs difficulty of framing sn effective Organization so as io _ roi _ the thousand meshes of jIbI& w , purposely spread to circumvent Ik In otji paper of April iha 1 st , Mr . O'Cokhob

    published a letter to the people , in which he presents _ bs oniline of & plan of Organization ; which we uowxepiint , because most of the other © ommunica iions on the subject "which "we have promised to lay fcefore onr lea&eiBjiuake reference io it more or less , and some of them are mere comments on it . We ¦ wish , io "bring the important matter before the people —dot ? thai we think fhe time for doing so has arsived— -io . as broad and effective a "new as possible : wa « an aSordto lose 310 light upon it . Hence we give fl » e whols of Mr . O'Cossoa ^ s pl _ jv _ -d of die wneaflafians s __ alterations therein which others

    have suggested , and their original hints and ideas on the matter , in one article , which , though , of necessity , it must be long , -will thus enable the reader to obtain a fuller apprehension of the many bearings of the < jae 5 &on . * lie following is Mr . O'Cojctob ' s -jTmi from Ms letter . We request special attention to ihB first paragrsph , as it embraces a point of consdexafio- that should never l > e lost sight of for a

    ntomest ;—"WE 2 TKTKB HiTE TOVGBX IKJITSTICE WITH __ X rSB TTIUPOKS WIXH WJ 5 ICH IHB LAW XBXS US , Kt TTflBMt begin to do it I bsTBnoheata&an in- saying that the laws of Exglvxd , if property admboslered , five more proledion Io the sniped than those of any other txnatry ia the kzurwn tzxrrid ; _ 2 f » THEBETOSE , 3 ?_ STCST SOW BISECT OE& ATTES-510 s TO THETtt PBOPSB ABHTHISTSATIOS ; and this desirable end wHl beone of the main objects of the new system of management that I mean to propose faiths protection of onr party , _ ndftte furtherance « f oar ^ innciples . I aever did anticipate , and 1 think we ia 4 no right to anticipate that an agitation like onr ? , composed of so many elements , could be rendered

    complete , gffitHBnt , or eren sati-Eaccory , in its infancy ; Jrot WS EATB A BIGHT THAT OCB SACHISKBT , 5 T 5 CEPTIBUB O * F SO __ O « T DIPBOTEaTESTS , 5 HOTJXD 31 _ U 3 > £ AS yRAftLY AS POSSIBLE SMI-BUS TO __ 3 STI 5 G CIB-Ctf-tSTASCES . That IB , Shot vshere fhrsiiais d vriih jresh assnull , tee should strengthen jovx adsss is % & assailable quarter , and i&cre opporttaaiiei ¦ pnsa&aanselces f » r a vigorous move for such occasions . 3 EACHX 5 EBX SHOTJXD BE IH SEADIXKSS , INSTEAD OP PiTSrSG TO B 3 EELECT rPOB IEEE BEST MXiSS OP attack OS . DEF-KSCE . Could I then select a more fJti&g © ppartaiaiy ___ " the present for submitting $ 0 yoa thfl mere aa _ ed outlines of a project which I hare bow in contemplation ? We svst : bb cesisai . izbi > —TSX 3 TCST BB "EHIXED— "WB HmKt be prepared ; and , atzxzall we vzast ~ be thoroughly known io tack other . ¦

    "I tssa jon , -wiien in York Castle , that we haa the power to erect a power stronger thsn oppres-Eon—a jinbik opinion stronger than bad laws . Now we most hsYB a place of onr own to meet in , and we must have a complete cerpa for the good management of onr sffiara . 1 propose then to submit a plan to the CSarSst tody wisn I »» niJl have consulted the leaders of < rar party , for ihB accomplishment -of these purposes ; tztd . of "Jrhich plan the following is but toe mere skeleton . "Iso ^ est the propriety of taking a large and eom-Eodioos Hall in iocdon , to befitted np with all the XBcassxrj conTesieuces forioldin ^ public meetings , and furnished Triti ^ fl ^ T ** f | t apartmfiaits as offiaes ior « on-^ pf * T 7 ig 1 TTTT > KTVrrW » OT

    11 Tiwd-. an Executrra , consisting of fire paid members ^ bQ 1 » awwen axcording to the present arrangements That thirteen ecuncHsnen , readent in London , os elected at public msetTTigs . "TEbstSie General Secrrfary shall have a permanent oficein the TT ^ and which « b * n also be the office of tbs Szeeaitre when they meet . w aiist the Council shall meet once in eTery fortnight —nlse to constitute a quorum . " That the members of Hie Execntrre shall ex c&icio ie -Csandlmen , and may attend at Council meetings and take part in any dsbste ; but that they shall not ia-rea-rDte ^ Countaiinei . " That tbe ^ Executive < ih »» Tt Jay their books before the Council at every meeting .

    "Tbal ca thB first Monday xa ersrj month a pn 9 lk meeSng cf th » Chartista resideat in London sksll be held , and before which the minutes of ail proceedings of the ISxscufiye and Conncilmen shall be proposed for confirmation . " Thai the Secretaiy ' B aeecrmts shall be audited by fen persons elected by thB ConncD l » l /> E | pa § to the OssrtJEj body , but not members of tha Council , once in each monVhjSud the deciaGn of the auditors shall be Bade inotrn to the mcntbly public meeting .

    "Thai the Secretary shall he Temoveable from office ig » n a -vote l « jng taken at a monthly mee&ig , of which a fortnighfa nctace , at the least , shall be given ; pro-• rldsd , after hearing Use charges , two-thirds of the per-KJS 3 S 25 embi&d shall decade against Mm—^ Qie meeting t « cossst of six hundred members at the least ; and in tBS 2 the Secretary shall be removed , the Council shall appoint a substitute pro . iem . •"" HI such rule as shall be agreed upon for the election of a new Secretary can be complied with .

    " Thai no pnVSe documeni shall be issued by the EccnSre withon fist being submitted to a full meeting rfths CoondL , -wbeh a msjarity of the whole body—tie EecuSvs having -rotes—shall iecide whether or not Sis SoanxtenS ^ stsST-iys issued . " That the Essence » hall be Tesidsat in Loafion , sad ebbII xecoTB a salary of tsro poonds per week escb . " Thstthe Execniiyeslall isae cards of membeiship ; aafltiataio cards be transmitted to any Locality until paid fox : " Thai a Treasurer shall be appointed at the frsS monthly mee&ar , who . shall give good security , to ibe smenat of £ 1 , 000 , for the Just discharge of Ms office .

    " Tiaijioreceipt bnithat of the Treasurer sfeaD be vaJi 3 as a * ec&xASor any monies xee « Ted , aad Qiat a balance She&t of the « xpen 3 ifcnse ' be ¦ psA& ^ ei on "Qie last Saturday in ersrj monih , is-hlch balance sheet shall be snbmiitedlo theoart public meeting , together with the decision o ! the auiitors . ** Tba £ an lbcVurers shaffba appointed ^ a vote of the thirteen -couutilmenaBd thaExecntivB , all having votes ; and that printed instructions fchaTi be delivered to each lecturer lor Ins guidance . " That when a isctcrer 13 to be appoinled , credentials as to Ox > fitness act ! character cf candidates shall be transmitted to the Executire from the locality in which the candidate lives .

    *• That one half-of aU monies derived from pay meet ings of the lecturers of the Association , shall be ths prsjsrty of the local branch" of the Association where fiicn lecture ^ hnTl be delivered , and shall be used for locil purposes , and-thB other fty * f shall be transmitted to the Giaieial Treasurer for general purposes . * ' That no pay meeting shall he held by any branch -isocaif on , except at such seetingfi as axe convened to btaa : ttt lectnrer , at some person resident in the locality , and known to thepnblic ; and that the ^ stem of coBTesnasj meetings io iieai persons not well ino"wu feifcs people ie discountenanced as much as possible . "Tiai iocal lecturcxs ibsll bB lemoveable in such ^ nan ^ r as the locality to -which they are appointed fiaii deem St , and of which = dne notice shall be given te the Stsenlrra and CoEEciL

    ** Thitth » sersal lectarais jsbail attend to tbe en-T * aoit of members after each meeting ; and the Sscre-***! si the Association shall hand the proceeds to the ^ zzKtei , taTrir » g Mb Mcseipfc , and shall write the tbbbH by Mst post to the GenEzal Seeretsry , and the lectJnxr shall , by the same post , transmit the amount by ^ PSreSce o ? aer . ** Thai aB ^ ispates shall be referred to the Council , ^ &sD -ml ^ pnbiisbed 3 d any ue-wspaper , except " * ith tbe cennnrenee of a » least sine of the Council * asn , and as drawn up by them and havmg their signaterfos ^ Ssri

    Taat ths Gouncilsnd Executive shall also counsti-^ aD ^ fesce and Tictim Fuad Committee , and thstall Efeisn&s shsli be submitted to them , aud -by them to ^¦ Bobcris , who , 1 have every reason to hope , will in ~ t-e * Qii \ i the plan l > eing csnied ont change his xesi-^> ce to London ; and that no dtfence or prosecntlos Jbfil Jjb sndertafcen , excerpt -npon % vrrictsn recomBiendsiJej by ^ r- Baberts to tbai eSsct . " "Fhss . all leiteia reqsnring anrwers , shall contain a penny posii-SE siimp ; sadtbataU compiaintBof neglect ft ! « . ctT npen Use part of fhe Secretary or Executive Bhs 3 be taiamitted to ihe Pxtadent « f the Council of thirtetaj .

    *• That once in every quarter of a year , the four msmhers of tbs Eiecative committee , shall make a cirrnit tS . th « taafiy for aV leass odb fortaighi , one taiing * he Sorth , anoflier the Socth , another the East , * 3 ' 4 Lcr the West , and of which doe notice shall i » Siren , ia sneh cases ibe membeia of ibs ExecuHve ^ i *« = i-ge the afioifionsl crptuces of trsTdling from fcs eer ^ a Jocalitiea to -iroigo they are nrrited , folding in easJs torali ^ r oub mEefing , ana no more . "Sow . llsy bo much oT Uie-uiidigestied plan before I 05- Of couBe , 1 ihall tate connsel , and look well the point object

    ^^ legafi ^ of overy ; as my is to ^^ GhsrSsm a things which none nficd be legally ^^ 3 . 1 Uaink the public micd is prepared for such 80 wjaicnaon . I think ihe national stemach quite ] ^ a ^ ofaiSesSnsit . . ? " TTe weuia make oni Hslla place for aebabBg ^^ gnesfions twice in every waek , and tfc&j fenaeh an opportimity for the developement of the l 1 ™^ s = 6 hss of the woifcng classes . _ /^ 2 " ^ afi be most isppy * o TecavB any EUgreESonB isrccgli tfcs star , and to have the as . «« 4 aoce of all gocd " 221611 in ojrjiss out tbs , our naDOsal xiljectr

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    In accordance with Mr . O'Coxbob ' s invitation , and with a similar one given Editorially , a number ofgood men sent in suggestionB , which have been lying by ns waiting till the feverish awdety inidnced by the trials should have subsided and allowed the people to bend their consideration fully to the snb > jeoi . We now give inBaccesave order those ] communications ; sot entire , nor always in the words of fhe several -writers ; but as much of them : &S is ** to the point" expressed ,-as far as we know it , in the shortest , amplest , and most forcible manner .

    Tirst , then we introdneo Mr . J . EiiKsiir , of Lambeth , who saggests that , as the Executive are , on Mr . O'Cossok ' s plan , to be assisted by a cqtmcil of twelve , an Executive of three might suit -quite is well as one of fivei and so save io the country £ A weekly ; which money he thinks might be more usefully expended . On this matter of pecuniary saving , Mr . E , does not place much stress ; but he throws ont the suggestion . Bat he insists strongly on the necessity of being exceedingly careful to elect : —

    " An Executive that we can implicitly confide Jn , in every respect ; it is net encngh that we have Aoneslmen —that we hn . ye ffood men , bnt we ought to have really intelligent men who have received a g « od education Most persons are shy of signing papers on subjects which they donot properly comprehend ; sndifjsuchprecsuSon isnecessaijy for the preservation of an individual , how much more eo must it be for the preservation of hundreds , which mi ^ ht be affected by the indiscreet act of an individual , and that pereon ihe Secretary . of the Executive Council / ' ' ¦ . To obviate this difficulty he " suggests that , Mr . Rcberts be solicited to allow himself to be pat on the Execntive with a view to becoming Secretary , and that the Chartists make it worth his while in money matters to do so . Mr . R . G . Gajimags says : —

    " There are some clause * contained is the plan -which in my opinion -would rather impede than advance our can&B . Tha Council of thirteen I decidedly object to , beeause it will be falling into the very absurdities which every Chartist must , on consideration , so deeply deplore . There cannot be a greater evil in tie constitution of & society than for two separate bodies to possess the power to stultify each others acts . I think , so far from the Executive being subject t 0 an' other body , they should be free to act , subject only to one power—the pesple . If the members of the Association bave full confidence in the Executive , why should another l > ody exist , in which the people also have confidence , having the power , to undo everything thB otber

    haadpne ; as , according to the plan , would be the exact position in trhich the Council -would be placed , is regard to the ExecutiTe . These is one other suggestion I wonM Ihrow ont = that is , instead of the Executive being resident in ionden , they should perambulate those counties which are as yet dead to the movement . I know that if funds were at our disposal , we could bring the agricultural population into a union with tbe oppressed manufacturing operative . This might ; be done without incurring any considerable exposse , and the money -would soon be forthcoming from the saw

    localities , -who are ready to join ub if made acquainted with onr objects ; it is sot the manufacturing districts that require so much agitation ; they have already been made to think and reason on tbe subject . Stern necessity has been their schoolmaster . Depend upon it , Sir , there 13 nothing that d&spoU so much dread as to see the BonB of the soil acquiring a knowledge of their rights ? and therefore 1 wonld advise every man who lectures to the hard working labourers to impress upon them their right to the Isnr , in your observations on which , in common with many others , 1 heartily asree . "

    Mr . Stall wood says : — " There are several minor items in Mx . O'Connor ' s ^ ielefcon plan , such as siting increased facilities to the Executive , for communion \ ritb . large meetings of their eonstiroests , the constituting tbe Central Ball a debating forum twice a week , thus establishing a Normal School for Chartist lectnrers , wonSd doubtlessly > e of the first importance . The whole of the above is practicable and can be done under our pres&ut Organ i zation . " And he presses v- urgently for speed in making all ihe necessary arrangements and getting to work in good earnest . Mr . Wn . Corros , of Birmingham says : —

    " 1 am of opinion that it will be anti-Democratic to sUow two-thirds of a meeting to dismiss a secretary say QiB meeting fis & 0«—600 can bave the power ef dismissing , may be in opposition to perhaps 30 , 000 or more members of the association scattered over the country . Secondly , I think and thousands wDl agree with ms , that £ 5 per week Is too much for the Executive . Thirty shillings , the wage of the old Exeeat 5 * e . 3 b , I Qdnk plenty , considering the present depressed stats of the times , sad . the low wages which working men are receiving . Thirdly , And as regards the Victim and Defence 3 ? und Committee , 1 hope for the sake of preventing any dispute , Mr . Roberta will not have the entire ^ deciding -who shall be fit subjects to be

    defended , or rice versa ; bnt if Mr . Roberts thinks they ought not to be defended or prosecuted , the Council at , d the Executive to dt ride aeon the matter . These are my opinions upon the plan : with all ether parts I coroordially concur , and , as far as 1 can , will endeavonr to carry them Into practical operation . I could say more upon the subject , but others must have their say upon the matter . And , now Mr . Editor , one word to my fellow dwrSits upon one way of Retting the franchise . It is a known fact , that many of them are paying from 3 s . to 4 s . a week rent for their houses . Now , { for the sake of argument and elucidating my motrres ) say there are 1 ^ 000 householders in Birminzhsm , {¦ wMch is a trifle ) in favour of the Charter : and that they agree as

    broUiereongbt , sod sink fflcmBelveg down to 500 householders , at a rent of say £ 16 or £ 18 a-year , two families in a house . The house taken in the name of one of tbe parties , the other living as lodgers , then you have 500 -rotes without any extra expense . In fact , in my opinion , a very great saving would be tbe benefit , beside- the right of voting ; tbe said vote being given with the joint consent of landlord and loficfer , to tbe candidate who they think fit . 1 feel safofied if such a plan was to be acted upon immediately , in the next Parliament , tie People ' s Charter could be the law of tlw land . 3 Jy plan of getting tbe franchise would work jnst as well in the election of tie Town Council , and place the whole Qovemment of fbe country under the CQBtroul of the jeople . "

    Mr . IsiAC SowdeSj of Great Horton , near Bradford , says : — * ' 1 st—I would ask , wDl not the larjje and commodious Hall in London , with all the offices and fittings-up , cost more than the poor GhartisJs can afford for the convenience of the Executive , in addition to their ( the Executive ' s ) £ 2 each per week . —2 nd , Are tbe thirteen Coundlmen resident in . London , to be chosen by the London Cbaitists alone ?—3 rd , Can those Councilmen be depended on to do the weighty work assigned them without beinjr paid f—4 th , Can the Executive submit to being « r ojfcsio Conncilmen , and ctiii be deprived of votes as Couscilmen ?—5 th , Can they , the Executive , as the representatives of the whole nation , submit to tbe censorship of the Council , J > ot even being allowed to iBsne an address to their constituents without every word of that address meeting with the approbation

    and auction of every one of thirteen Conncilmtn ?— 6 tb Is a London public meeting a fit tribunal to make or unmake a Secretary of tie Executive of the Natioral Charter -Association ?—7 th , Wiil the various localities throughout ibe Empire comply with tbe demand made on them for the proceeds of all pay meetings ?—8 di , Will the localities refer all disputes to the Cennci ) , and submit bott ) sdes to be silenced , fexcfpt at least nine of tbe Conncilmen , concur with one side , and even then the nine mnststt forth the zJFsir in their own language , and sign their names to it ? and will all grievances be snbmittsd to them that they may be submitted to Mr . Roberts ?—3 th , Will sot the Council have much more work to perform than the Executive themselves , having a right at any time to examine Ihe books of the Executive , and even the choosing of the ten anditors , and a power to veto any act of either the Executive or any locality ?"

    > Ir . Fbathebstox , of Worcester , after strongly urging tbe importance of extending the movement in agricultural districts , as widely and as rapidly as possible , continaes : — , * ' We must organise ourselves , and stand ready io take advantage of oil chances . Who can tell what a day or an lionr may brinz forth ? And now . brothers , I will proceed to * ho - » , thai we must organise . * and now let me state , thai tbe pian I propose Las nothing of newness cr Ttovelty about it- It has " been snd is ( it Bradford » &c . ) carried out to a considerable extent in onr body ; my ouly object in bri ging it forward xow is to impress it more forcibly npon the different localitiec : and to show them the advantages they

    wonM derive from its adoption . The chief end and aim of all Organization , I tike to be , tbe developing of onr hiddes resources ; with a view of bringirig them to bear vmiedly and adtaidaoeaasLy upon the goTerniag ¦ go-vet , it is dear that as leng as ws remain disorcsaised and dispersed in sections , we shall sever attain a position to ss to enable us to act with decision asd rfecL PiganJzation must , therefore , follow hard upon propagandbm : or what we gather with the one hand , we chall scatter -with the other . In -works on Irdia , we read of a tree which flourishes in that conn try

    called ' Oie Banian tree' and which is sometimes of such an extent itmi one tree will frequently shelter a thousand horsesefl . The branches of Has trae spread ra every direction , and when they reach a certain distssee from ihe rosin trunk , they descend to the earth , r ^ ke roos , asd soon spread into s tree a « large as tbe pxrest one . They again shoot forth branches , which spread , GBscsnd , asd take xsot in tbe same manseTTratil -Khcla acres are eoveird -with them . Th 3 t , hn > - i ! u-: c , ranst bB our plan . We mvd act from centres . Inarming new districts , or organising old onw , ¦* &

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    must fix upon sometownB as & point d' appur , ttom which to agitate , anil send forth branches into the surronuding villages and hamlets . AU the places within a circle of miles must " U firmly united by frequent delegate and council meetings j and the district must be called by Hit rums of the chief place within its limits ; aud these chief places would , again elect delegates to a monthly covhi ; delegate meeting . Under this plan , the West Riding of York would be divided into ten districts- ; The Keighley , tlie Bingley , Bradford , Halifax , Hnddersfleld , Leeds , Dewsbury , Wakefield , Bamsley , and Sheffield districts , each having incorporated -with it the towns and villages around ; and each having its weekiy delegate meetings . Brothers , would not these districts be towers of strength unto us ? To bring the plan sore individually home , I will take the town of Rochdale as an example . Suppose the good and true democrats—than whom there are not a flnar

    set in England , —suppose tho democrats of that place to adopt this plan , Rochdale , as the chief place , would form the centre and give the name to the district . The Chartists of HeywooQ . Littieborough , Whitworth , Shaw Clongh , Scotland , and the other villages ( formed in classes of ten ) would meet daily at each other ' s houses , aud at theii weekly general public meeting v . ould appoint a delegate to represent them at Rochdale , when , each Sunday , delegates from each tillage , wonld meet and discuss all local business . I would divide the whole country in this manner ; and to crown all . I -would have ' an Emergency Committee' and a ' Reserve Committee , ' each of five , elected by the whole country . Tiie first Committee to meet on any sudden emergency ; and to be for the time being an Executive Council ; and the second to supply the places of the first Committee , if arrested or deemed unworthy . The ' Emergency Committee' to sit in Manchester , and to meet on tbe public requisition of three districts . "

    Mr . Habnby , of Sheffield , writes : — " I am not so vain as-te Imagine myself competent to draw up ' plans of organization ; ' but as you are about to publish * hints and suggestions' you have received from different persons , I send you my ideaB on one or two matters forming part of this all-important question . ; " That ' money is thesinews of war * « 11 admit ; the necessity of a national fund none will gainsay ; yet in this respect the old plan baa been faund to be altogether useless . The constant appeals for money for ' Executive — National Defence * — Local Defence '— ' National Tictim '—' Local Victim , * and other 'FundB , ' has been one of the great mistakes of our movement One fund ongbt to have supplied tbe place of ail these .

    A National Fund is tile one thing needfulj ; and that fufd art equate for all general purposes , viz , the support of the Executive ; the employment of a body of lecturers ; the saturating the country with Chartist tracts , placards , Ice ; the defence of the persecuted advocates of democracy ; the support of their families , ic , &c ^ &c Such a fund ought to—must bB established : but how ? : " I am no admirer of the Organization of tbe' Rspeal Association ; ' but -witbont adopting the odious clads * distinctions of the Cora Eschacge , may we not copy tbe good and leave the bad ? If three millions of shillings can be raised in Ireland for ReptaJ , why ehould not the same sum be raised in Eagland tor the Charter ?

    " My proposition , then , is , that every member of the National Association should pay a yearly contribution of one shilling , tbe shilling to be paid on enrollment , and renewed at the commencement of every year , and to be dtvoted entirely to the National or General Fund . The local expences micht be defrayed from the profits of lectures fdelivered by lecturers paid from the-general funfi ) , voluntary contributions , collections at the weekly meetings , &c " Of course , I shall be told that the thing is impracticable . ' Take theadvice of Mirabeou , my friends , and never use that blockhead of a word ') ' tbe people are too poor , ' io . Tbe people are poor ; but if the people desire liberty , they must make sacrifices to obtain it ; they have made sacrifices , but they must make more yet ! The despotism of a thousand years ' growth is not to be cast down in a day : nor will tbe gold-cased monster be slain with « few balls cf copper . Onr « nemy , like " Bloody Clavera " , mnet be met -with silver bullets . '

    •• Three and a half millions signed the last petition . Were tfce ^ peraons who gave their names , ChartiaU ? Were they in earnest ? If so , surely out of the tbree and a half millions , one million might be found to give a shilling a year—less than a farthing per week , for the Charter ! " A million of shillings would be fiptt thousand pockds . I question if there could not easily be found a milliin of professing Chartists , tcho , by the abandonment of pipe and pot ; could pay their shillings , and ba peat g-nners as well . O'Connell demands three millions of shillings to aehieve his object . Give to Chartism bat one million , and wa'll make such a breacli in the wallB of corruption that , without waiting for our storming , the garrison . sbail be glad to capitulate .

    " Upon one other point I wish to say a word . The system hkherto pursued of enrolling members bus been far too lax . The factious and the immoral have bb easily obtained admission into our ranks aa the honest and the virtnons . The treacherous faction iaj and drunken debauchee bave Wtb pestered us in Shtfiii id . Expul&ion was the prompt bat unpleasant remeay . We have for some time past avoided the evil by bavins all car-didates for admission nominated a wetk previous to their enrollment , and the : question of their admission decided by ballot . The disadvantages of tbiB system are that lecturers and actiTo agents of the body ( performing similar duties to those of the Repeal Wardens ) would be crippled in their labours of strengthening tbe numerical force and funds of the general body . Might not the advantages of tbe old plan and that now in f « rce in ShtfSeld be combined , by the names of all

    persona giving their shillings being taken at any time , reserving to the heat meetings the power { by ballot ) of enrolling orrejtcting as they might see fit ; in the event of rejection the shilling of course to be returned ? Or if there would be anything illegal in this mode of enrollment , vrould it not be weU that while all persons paying their shillings were admitted to the genetal body , that all local matters fibould be transacted by local societies , distinct from , and independent of , the National Association ; and with the affairs of which no members of the National- Association could have anything to do unlasB elected therein by ballot ? Snch » system would , I suppose ,, be legal ; but any system ( not absolutely in violation of the law ) which afforded a protection to the xeally patriotic and virtuous democrat from tbe contamination of despicable ruffians who are occasionally to be found desecrating tbe name of Chartist , would be sufficient "

    Some of the parties who have favoured us with communications , advocate modes altogether different . Of these , Mr . Geoege Hinton , of Walworth , says : — " I think an annual Conference of delegates should form a part of our plan of Organization , to assemble alternately in Manchester , Birmingham , and Londen , in the first week in May or June- I am fnre tbe greatest advantage -would result from its labours ; it would give life and energy to the movement . The Conference should take notice of all matters relating to the well-being of the association ; lh « -y should give such

    advice aud dirtction to the people bb the tiroes may require ; and generally on all suVjt-cts relatin / r to tadr moral and physical condition . The Executive Committee should make a full report of their labours to the Conference , together with an account of all monies received and expended by them , instead of a fixed weekly payment by members , -which many talented Chartists object to , I would have each locality to make a collection at its weekiy meeting in the first week in each calendar month , ami tf 9 whole cf the money collects be remitted to the General Treasurer of the Association . "

    Mr . Joseph Fibth , of Ktighley , thinks a plan of Organization should be drawn up and pablished for the iustrnciion of the people ; and he give 3 the following hints towards it : — " First—The nation Bhali be divided into divisions and districts . Second—That the society shall be governed by a President . Tice-Presi ^ tnt , Secretary , and Treasurer ; the said officers to be eiected a : tba yearly meeting came as tbe Executive . " Third—Tee divisions , or ridings , shall be governed upon the * ame plan as the above . Fourth—Disrricta to be governed in a similar manner . So that I may ha better understood I will take the West Ridin 2 of Yorkshire for one division ; and Bradford , with Great and Little Horton , Lidget Green , Clayton . Thomtoa , Mannincham and Shipley , shall complete one district .

    « ' Now let every part of the Organization be explained Under its pr » ptr h-ad ; that iato say ' Firs *—v ^! -: t is - . he bnaineis to be transacted at the yeai ^ j iiL ~ v , < : » ' S < &-: ii—WLat are the duties of the President , Vipc-Prt-sitient , Secretary and Treasurer , and the Exe « : U ? . Ve ? " Th ' rd—What are the duties of President , Vice-President . Secretary , and Treasurer of a division . 1 Fourth—What are the duties of President , Vice-President , Secretary and Treasurer of a district . ' " Fifth—What are the duties of the officers of one single Branch or Association . - i " Sixth—At what lime of tbe year shall the yearly meetins beheld . " Sc- fcoib— £ \ i tbk division mscUsga to be held on one i 5 ay . " Eighth—All the district meetings to be heid a foitulgLt before the divisions meetiDgs .

    " Ninth—Tfca district meetings shall beheld a fortnight bt f or 6 the divisions meetings . Tfnife—Ali District Secre&ries shall make wt a quaiterly report to the Division or Riding Secretaries , of all tLe monies that thsy p&vo received in their respective Districts , and tho Division or Riding Sscrsbjrfes , j = haU make ont a quarterly report unto the General Secretary of all the monieB -that has been received in their respeciivB Divisions , and the General Secretary shall make out a quarterly report of all that has been / eciiTtc ) by the society , such report to be published in t \) elio .-nurn Star or otherwise . * Ki-- * - ntb—WijEt is to bB the weefc ? y allowance . Tvt * h—What is to constitutts a share . "

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    A number of other writers connect the Land question with their ideas of Organization . Of these , , j Mr . ThIIIs Bond , who dates from Richmondstreet , 5 oho , | London , sajs : — nllLT **??? t 0 Bee a ne * o' « anJziHon to recommended , and that the Land . question will be considered . I hope some mode wiJl dafr ' bft adopted to give aU who a / a desirous of depositing money with the officers of the Asaocwtion , every facility to ; d 0 flo , and Withdraw it d £ fr * » eqmM < L r am C ^ W « wm •*

    Thb Chahtist 3 op Honiey , in a letter through their Secretary , suggest that a clause be inserted in the Organization to the effect thaf every member of the National Charter Association ( who is able ) pay one Halfpenny per week , to be devoted to the purchasing of land , implements of husbandry , Ac . Houses might ; bo erected upon the Land when bought as residences for thoso who might be employed thereon , and a sound-headed practical man placed at the headj to give a proper direction to their

    physical energies . They are anxious to see Borne practical plan ; of this sort put into : operation . They balieve that it ; would prove a great auxiliary to our cause ; that it would servo as an asylum to persons who might become victims to the present system of injustice through . their advocacy of the cause of right against might , and that it vyould inspire tbe people's advocates with courage and resolution to combat with tyranny , when they knew that they had something to fall back upon aa a protection .

    Mr . James Branton , of Manchester , referring to Mr . O ' Connor ' s plan of a Chartist four-aores farm Community , on which he supposes ten shopkeepers to be located , disssnts from this idea altogether . Ho thinks the saopkeeping class an evil in society , which ought to be discouraged ; and he saggeats : — " That ia lieu of ten shopkeepers proposed by him , iu bAa leUat ob the land , of April 29 in , one Burplus labour-exchange store be established , wfcere all , 01 any , of tbe four-acres farmers may deposit tbeir surplus produce , giving them a book , or cheques , for the same . If ia cheques , the same to be taken in exchange for any commodity the farmers may want to the value of tbeir cheques .

    ' I calculate there would be a large amount of surplus produce from 250 four-acres farmers ; and a considerable quantity of the sutplus labour of others required in exchange by them . The cheapest way of obtaining which , would be to take a waggon load , or loads , as the case may be , to the nearest and best market , and dispose of the same to the best advantage ; and at the same time purchasa with the money thus obtained such articles , at tbe ti ' rst hand , as these farmers may require ; and the per centagc allowed by the wholesale dealers ¦ would pay tha cost of transit to and from the surplus labour-cxcaange ¦ atore . 1 would further suggest , that all men placed in trust in this store should be servants , and - receive wages . " Mr . J . H . Clabk £ , of Ledbury says : —

    " Never was I moie truly gratified than on the perusal of Mr . O'Connor's first letter on the Laud two weeks since . Convinced ub I am , from , considerable experience , ( having been engaged in practical agriculture for fifteen years , and surveyed six parishes for the commutation of titbea , tbat the subject is one of the most momentous investigated , and more important than an ; yet discussed by tbe working classes , and one in which they are more deeply interested . " Why , if we allow a moment ' s reflection , we discover that all labour expended in manufactures , Buch manufactures being exchanged for the natural products of other nations , is , in effect , expelling or exporting the whole valiK , 6 t tbe labour so applied ! and lessening

    the gent-ral aggregate wealth of the country , by the amount of tbe exports so exchanged . But if such labour were expended on the Laud ,. the individual wealth of inUljoos and , cf course , the aggregate wealth of tbe nation is increased by tbe price of the whole amount of such exports . This applies to all imports iutended | for exportation when converted . The means of employing labour on the land would be increased annually by tbe whole price of such exports , and as a consequence , a priori , would be invested in improving the capabilities of it , and thereby would the wealth of ali owners and occupiers be increased in nearly the same proportion aa the transfer of labour from manufacturing to improving the land wm effected . Tbe first business of a people is tn look after th « r own iutet « Bt

    in tbeir own couatry . Without their producing their own independence really , aa well as-nominnilf , by depending on tbeir products of their labour from their owu land , this cannot be done . To depend on exotic supplitB of food ia ANTI-rational dependence , instead of national independence . All labour expended on exports more than isiexpendedon the imports returned , ia just so much wealth lost to the nation , whicb labour would increase the permanent property of the people if applied to the iland . The more the Subject of the land ia investigated tbe more will its immense importance la indisputably established . Mr , O'Connor has made his calculations much below the capabilities of the land . In this project failure is impossible . I come to this conclusion by actual experience . "

    Mr . John Colquhoun , of Glasgow , in a letter to Mr . O'Connor says : — " Your pr&poj&l : to blend the social and political character * by uniting the qutstijn of getting the people located upon the" land with thb movement for the Charter , has been rapturously received by the vast mass of the pooplein this quarter ; in taort . so far as 1 have had an opportunity ? of judging there is but one opinion upon the subject , namely , thai the land , is tlie only moans by which the people can be suved from the avaricious grasp of fortune-hunting manufacturers , bankers , stockjobbers , and aU other cla&sis who fatten on the present dtgrartiDg system .

    " You say your present plan can only be experimental . In that I entirely agree with you , Without a legislative enactment the great mass of the people will never be provided for ; yet it is of the last importauce that practical proof should be given of a definite measure by wbich the great body of our working population can be raised from their , present degraded condition , so tbat the desponding sop of toil whose futur ; prospects are gloomy and heartrending , who bas it not in bis power

    to make provision against misfortune , infirmity , and old age ; who possesses no means of protection against the caprice of a goid-bunting employer , and who can see no means of relief , immediate or prospective under present existing circumstances .- to such , Sir , your plan if supported , as I hope it will be , by tbe intelligent , self-respecting , and slave-abhoring portion of your fellow countrymen , holds out a haven of rest against the demon iMalthusian stotm . of baBtile , Godinsulting , man-debasing system .

    " You say ' the question of Hirst principles , will find no room in your letters . 'j Here you are right ; you have hitherto steered clear of these uhoala I Uust you will in future . Tht growing intelligence of an injured people is a sufficient guarantee against the inroads of prejudice or superstition to teach ! , men i : is their inherent rght to think and act according to the dictates of their own minds , so long as they do not interfere with tbe rights of others . Convince them tbat it is a moral crime to give unnecessarily the slightest . pain to others : then , and not till then , will the human family enjoy that felicity which originally prompted the formation of civil compacts .

    " The most serious attention of every lover of his country ought now i . o bo directed towards the great , the god-like obj .-ct of getting the people placed on the land . Let a ik-rdted- tff ^ rt be made to give proof of its practitiiKiJity ; and speculators of every denemina . tion-will be iii-mpeHed to live by honest industry ; and their blighting schemes , by which tens of thousands have be&n reduced te worse than Egyptian bondage will be put an end to . : You su <^ t 3 t four acres as the amount to be alloted to each . Tais point 1 consider must , to a certain extent , be rr ; ulattd by the quality of the soiL For , instance ,

    I kt-ow farms In the West of Scotland pay £ l 5 s . per acre . I know other : spots paying £ 9 . Tiicae may be considered extremes ; still it proyesjthe wide difiWence in tha value cf land . Fine ricoJpU , with an opon bottom , suitable for potatoes , turnips , carrots , < feo ., must always bear higher value than a bare clayey land , cultivated to tba highest possible degree ; Besides , toe situation of the land alters its value immensely . I do not in van as to its proximity to towjis . 1 speak of its geographical situation , which will , independent of the nature of the soil , evenly regulate its power of prod net ion .

    "IfihaHut a future opportunity , enter more fully upon the point I consider this ihe more necessary , as I know tbat the land in your native country , and in most parts of England , is much more produyctea than thst in the North and ' West of Scotland . " An Old Radical of Glasgow thinks : — " The Organization fihould be under the controul and guidance of a Council similar to ttw Complete Suffrage party . In this they have surpassed the Chartist body in wisdom . Let us not bo ashamed to take of theirs

    • what is good , and reject wbat is bad . The business conducted unc 6 r a large body , as Councillors , prevent these heart-burnings and vain ambition in some , and splenetic fesiiegs in others . We ail know a motion of an individual no sooner becomes a resolution of a body of men , than it obtains quite a different appearance with the public , to whom it becomes like a law to obey ; the individual proposing it is lost sight of , aud the resolution becomesjthe net of the body ; : not of one alone , but tbe whole Council , as it were , eo to speak . "

    A writer who signs Jtrxnrs proposes : — 1— " Tbat the Ch&xtlato reorganrzs themselves immediately , under the appellation ef " Tbo Land of England and British Charter Association . 2—" That twelve directors be appointed to conduct its affairs , namely , three trustees , three treasurers , three auditors , aud three secretaries , the latter to be paid officers .

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    3— " That one million of members be enrolled with tbe least possible delay , and ] that they subscribe weekly one penny each . j <— " That persons of both sexea of all ages , and of every class , sect , or party , be allowed to become subcribers : the only qualification being , a regularity of and acting in conformity tojclauge the 9 th . 4— " That the million of pence or £ 4 , 000 thus weekly subscribed , be immediately expended in the purchase of freehold estates in various parts of England : no two consecutive purchases being made in the same county . 6— " That such estates be immediately divided into four acre allotments , and a ; cottage not exceeding a cost of £ 40 or £ 45 in its construction , be built upon each . I

    7—" That each subscriber gives at the time of enrollment a cord , containing his name and address to be put in a bag appropriated to the county in which he resides . j 8—" That upon completing a purchase ( which would occur every few days throughout the year ) a properly appointed party should draw ! from the proper bag , the required number of names , [ and the parties answering to th « same , be duly apprised of their election to hold the allotment j 9—v ' Tbat the allotment or farm be held under a properly constructed lease for 999 years at a rental of 20 s . pet acre . ) 10— " That members elected to occupy the allotments , do so within a specified period , or allow other members to take their turn . 1

    11— " That members leaving their allotments cannot dispose of tbe same to any persons but those belonging to the association . j 12— " That a statement ef | fche society ' s affairs comprising its receipts , diaburaments , < bc , be made to appear weekly in the NorlHern Star , or such other periodical , as the directors may think fit to appoint . " The letters of " Gracchus" and of Mr . Galpin , our readers , of course , know all about . In reference to them , James Macphebson , of Aberdeen , writes fchua : —

    " The great object of the present struggle being to increase the sata of haraan happiness by securing to every member of society the ! most perfect and eveananded jn 9 tice : and as this can only be effectually done by every individual haying a voice in the making of the laws by which att ate to be governed , so the grsat enemies of the masses have been directed toward that object , as it is found embodied in that document called the People ' s Charter . | " But as the struggle for these rights has now been continued for about five years , and the attainment of them is still apparently at some distance , it would be wisdom in those engaged in that struggle , tbat whilst they continued their exertions with unabated z ? al and vigour for the attainment of the Charter , yet

    at tbe same time to look and see if the attainment of some of the advantages expected to flow from tbat measure be not at present within onr reach ; and in my opinion , a little reflection will j soon satisfy the diligent inquirer tbat much is within our power , even as the law now stands , and that if we can duty prevent the enactment of new laws , madelexpressly on purpose to apply to the working classes alone , a course of action is still * open for us , which , if pursued , will insure , in less than ten years , our complete regeneration—morally , pbyaicalJy , socially , and politically ! But indeed these are intimately connected and blended together , tbat before you can effect permanently and well any one of these objects , you must necessarily have accomplished all the others . i

    " And it appears to me that it is under this conviction that these plans of Mr . O'Connor , Mr . Galpin , and Gracchus , have been brought before the public . So far . then we are all at one : namely , ( that something practical must be done . The only question to bo solved is what that shall be ; and in tkis I agree with Mr . Galpin tbat the benefits to be derived must be clearly and distinctly seen , universal , and of sufficient magnitude and import * ance , aud the means of procuring them evident ; but I go farther , I say tbat it must be within the power of the parties themselves to accomplish , without trusting to others for assistance , and that-it must be of general , immediate , and smultaneous application to all its supporting membeia It is also my ^ full and deliberate

    opinion tbat no extensive support can be got to any scheme which is not under the ' effective controul of its immediate supporters , or in other words , that the expensive machinery necessary ! for conducting a centralised national movement wilt not be supported , and more especially if such ceutcalissd machinery were : to be placed under the direction of an irresponsible head . Such a course is , in my opinion , diametrically opposed to the spirit of Democracy , which ] consists in the will of the people flowing from the extremities toward the centre , where it may be either concentrated in the person of an individual or number of individuals , to whom the will of the nation gathered ) together from all its channels and ramifications would become law .

    " But the course suggested by jMr . Galpin exactly reverses the principle , by causing tbe will of the individual to become the law of the nation . Instead of the power and will . of the nation flawing from tbe extretneties towards tbe centre , and being the ** fs * med into laws in accordance with ] that will , their laws ¦ would , by the plan proposed by Mr . Galpin , be mere arbitrary emanations from the wib of an individual over whom they had uo controul . Trjie , they might remove him ; but so long as they continued under such a system , such removals would be nothing more than a mere change of despots .

    "But Mr . Gilpin has said , that an individual placed in such an unfettered position us he has described , with all tbe resources and energies of the masses at ; his disposal , and endowed with a mini and will capable of regenerating mankind , would make a much more rapid and Btt . vAy progress towards that end , than if it depended ou the conflicting opinion of a great number . But even granting all these great and good qualities , necessary for such a purpose , which are scarcely to be found in' uny individual , yet Mr . G must be awai «

    tbat if the human mind ia forced ' aa . taster than its convict io us atfmifc of . let the objects for which it has tbua suffered violence bs of t'beoikelves ever so good or desirable , yet the moment that the impelling power is removed , it will rtmaiu stationary , if , indeed , retrogression does not tako pluce . And of this wo have aa example in the advances and progression in civilisiation and refinement forced on the Rjussiaps by Peter the Great ; it being generally allowed that the Russians have remained stationary as to ciyilizition or improvement since the death of that individual .

    " Now , although few will doubt but that the progress made in huoiaaiaing the Russians by Peter was greater than if a public opinion in favour of ihe progression bad first to have been created ; yet , if public opinion in favour of these principles of progression had first been created , although ] such improvement would bave been somewhat longer in taking place , yet 01 . ee having begun , they would have gone on in a much more natural and steady manner , and would have still continued to advance in an .. equal if not an increased ratio , and could not have suffered much by the death of aa individual . My [ opinion is , tbat dependence ou individuals has hitherto been the bano of mankind ; as , hovrever much good an individual may accomplish in his lila , it generally stops at his death , unless he has established a principle , which must rise in a great measure superior to individual influence , and depends for its buecesa on thy simplicity cl the agents by which its great ends are effected . "

    Mr . David Boss writes thus : — " As far as 1 have travelled I have found the peocle anxiously looking forward losonielsucb practical developement of our principles aa would yield to them some true advantage—some positive good . Men ate tired of unceasiug agitation ; of again retveading the seme devious path of uncertainties , only to be again attended with future disappointments . Having j learned so much of the opinion of tbe public , I bave ventured ( in the course of my lectures for the Isst six months ) to Uy down certain plans for the obtainment ul small plots of land , upon thu plau cf Home Colonizitioh . In every locality I found tbe people most willing to embark in this good undertaking . I have hitherto' cenfined myself to general remarks upon the subject , believing that as

    soon oa the trials terminated something wou'dbj done . That time has now arrived , and I find myself ciiidd upon for some explanation , more than I am at present able to give . I don't wish to iead tbe public nund astray , b / giving my own unwarranted opinion . I wuiifc soms authority ( better thau my owui for wiiat I do . We niusfc have order in mi oar arrangements . We iuu 9 t bave one Cxed point to wbich to stoer ; and being , as 1 am , isolated anil cut off from all communication with thoso parties who might else enlighten me upon this subject , I am led to hope that you will afford me gucb information relative to the plans about to be adopted iu furtherance of the great design , as ] wtil aa the m ^ aus to be employed in carrying out tbe sauio , as will enable me to discharge my obligation to tbe public in a becoming and useful manner .

    " By making a bold and vigorous Gfforfc I believe we can ptaoa Ctarttsoi in such a position ms to claim respBct even from its very eiiemies ; but ] this can only be effected by < 3 eui 0 » . s rotive proof of its general utility , nor can a better plan be devised for ameliorating the present condition of the unemployed , ' than by placing as many as possible upon the Land . j rt With Mr . O'Counor ' s plan of the new Executive Committee , its duties aad obligations ] I entirely concur . I moreover think the plau for superintending the labours of the lecturers an admirable one at jthe present time . I hear frequent complaints relative to the evil tf allowing men to perambulate the country , without authority and without invitation , from the committees .. Nur does tbe evil rest here—for it ia possible for men to palm tbematlves upon the public , who were never identified with the movement ; and yet the Chartist c . * use will be held rtispuusinie for wbatuver errors they may commit , whetbtr intentional or not . !

    "In conclusion I may likewise addj , that if aotns special instructions -vere ^ iven to eacU at our lecturers , I tbmk the v . ilus of their services vtculd he unhanded very conaidoratrfy , and the cause materially bsuefitted thereby . " j We now introduce , and commend to especial consideration , the following sensible , rltional , and well written-lett-r , from a gentleman 4 h , im w » - believe to be as truo a pa : riot aa lives . We Kivo ibis co « umuai « ation entire : — I

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    ORGANIZATION . TO THE EDITOR OF TUB NORTHERN STAR . " London , April 3 , 18 * 3-" SlE , ~ J have read with interest , in the last number of your spirited journal , a proposal to unite the people of this country in one voice , to obtain the Charter , as a means of political emancipation : and I believe that nothing less than such a onion will induce the Government to listen to the people , or make an effort to protect them from increasing misery . You invite your friends to offer their opinions of tbe plan proposed , and make suggestions ; and though you may . perhaps expect that all such observations should be strictly confined to the political bearing of the question , I beg leave to offer a few remarks on the general bearing of the union , and the end proposed ; my object being to strengthen the movement by harmonizing different opinions in one general concert of principle .

    " It is acknowledged by all , that the people bave been weakened in their movement , by divisions of opinion on minor and secondary questions ; and if ibis could be prevented for the future , the result wonld be important ; and therefore I propose to Mr . O Connor , and the Chaxtist body in general , that the plan of union should be made aa comprehensive as possible , that nil who are sincerely devoted to the interests of the labouring people , may unite aa one phalanx of an indu&tiiaA aim ; determined to obtain their rights as men , and to protect their' only property , their labour , against the silent invasions of monopoly in legislation , and machinery and land . This union is not to be obtained by sinking differences of opinion ; for people will not sink these differences : bub by HARMONIZING them , in toleration and a liberal spirit of concert ; aud this may be effected by stating clearly , tbe ONE groat principle ia whicb they all agree , and tbe various secondary ques tions on which they should agree to differ without weakening the union by ttuse differences .

    "I believe that all agree with regard to the CHARTER as a MEANS of obtaining the people ' s rights ]; and the LAND is the END they bave in view , wben the Charter has become tbe law . I propose then that the ' United Chartists of Great Britain aad Ireland , ' should state to the world , the nature of tho Moans and of the End they have in view ; that men of property , and timid people generally , should not regard the Chartist body as a party struggling for power to disorganize society and introduce a reign of terror . " 1 shall offer no remarks on the Oc ^ an- ' zition of the Executive , aa I have no doubt that Mr . O'Connor and bis friends will do that part of the business well ; but I will state my views , with you permission , of what should be incorporated in ike general plan of union ,

    particularly with regard to the END ail have in view—the elevation of the people . Hithertu , the agitation for the Charter has been too exclusively political , I tlr . iik ; and , should be now enlarged to a universal scale ot action which includes religious , social , and industrial improvement . For this End I propose , then , that the peopla of Great Britain and Ireland form one general union , or a peacefully united industrial army to destroy all false monopolies which are injurious to the interests of the labouring millions , who have no other property io the world but tbat of ment . il or manual labour ; aud I further propose that this industrial army of peace should be formed of various opinions , rallied , in particular bodies , round ONE general standard , en different corps employing different weapons , artillery , rifles ,

    swords and bayonets , rally ronnd oae military standard in national warfare . Too one general standard ef this peaceful industrial army then , to be the CHARTER ; and all the different sects of opinion to raily round the standard , to fight the psaoeful twvtfe of opinion to obtain the people ' s rights . The Charter ia the first thing to ba be obtained as a MEANS to an END ; and all parties are to agitato for this before they make a general effort for a further object . All should agree unanimously on this ONE point , the first in order of time- and unity of action ; the political part of the great battle of the people against monopoly and slavery . Oa this , all can a Rree , and should , and I hope will . Now conies the question of differences with regard V * the END of the first cteat movement of

    the moral aimy : fo * tha Charter -will only put tbe people in possession of tbe citadel of legislation ; and when they have gained possession of thai citadel , the battle for the Charter will be over , but not tbe battle for the social , and religious , and industrial elevation of tbe miliiona ; and toe Generate of the great industri&l peaceful army of the peeple , now about to fee re-organized , should lay down their plan of the whole campaign from beginning to end , tbat tbe victory may be final , and the people thoroughly emancipated from political , and social , and industrial degradation . The citadel of legislation may be stormed , then , morally , by one massive phalanx of opinion under tbe banner of the Charter ; but different corps must ba formed to harmonise the various opinions concerning the beat means of obtaining the L ^ ni . as the basis of improvement for

    the millions . Wben the Charter has been gained , the Land must be obtained : and there are different opinions in society with regard to the best means of locating the people on the land for mutual advantage to all classes aad all parties . Qae plan fcas been proposed by Mr . O'Connor—the allotment , or small-farm system ; another by the Socialists—C immunity of properly ; and another by the Paaianxterians—Joint-Btock associations , in which labour ranks equally with capital—in copartnership , by wniGfa means machinery is made to labour for the moss , and hoc azainst them . Tbese are the three general divisions of opinion with regard to tbe land , wuicb could not act together on tliat question when the Charter has became the law ; but who migLt and ought to set together for tbe CUarter , -with an understanding that each of their plans respectively should have a fair trial when the government of tbe people derives Ita power from the people .

    " In addition to these three parties differing m opinion with regard to the land , there are some who do not think it necessary to locate the psople on tfee land ; but that Legislative Reform alone , with better Government , is all that is . required ; and some who think that Free Trade in ererything is all tbat would be necessary to protect , the people from miesry , " These diverse opinions cannot be absorbed in one ; and heuce it is import&ot that tbey should ba conciliated independently , as varieties of one harmonious concert , for the elevation of the people—a point on which they all agree in opposition to the Tories , who

    want to keep hold of their monopolies and privileges , without any regard to the rights and interests of other classes , beyond the fermai operations of a class-made law ; and also , in opposition to the Whigs , who only want Free Trade , that they may enrich themselves , by the labours of thfl people , and feed their 3 itt ! e cattle , well or ill , according to tbe quantity of work they " waat performed by them as hireling slaves . These two parties want nothing for tiie people ; they "want all for themselves alone , and therefore thsy could not be conciliated by tbe people , nor enlisted in the people' 3 cause ; but all the others may and should be .

    " The great industrial moral army , then—the united Chartists of Great Britain and Ireland , might be divided into five distinct corps , fot futvaa operations , aftet the C&artar had been obtained by one united cffjri , Uka an array containing a central division , with a left hand wing arid a right hand wing , besides a corps of sharpshooters , and a host of nondescript followers of the camp , thus : — r \ . Political Chartists ~ \ unitpd J 1 s- ? c-a ! iEt Chartists f THB CHARTISTS ^ 2 . S « n * n Farm Cl » rttat 8 f L ^ JJ . chartists J 3 piulanxterian Chartists \ Xj £ Vrtw " V . B . Free Trade Chartista . J

    ' * These parties may easily agree to diffar with regard to future operations , while they gain the Charter , aa the flrBt great object of the Union ; and with aa understanding that ea ^ h plan should havn a fair trial after the Charter had been gained , they might freely discuss amongst themselves , without bitterness or opposition , the relative merits of these plans respectively , and enlist thamsslves in whichever corpa tbey liked , for future operations . This wouM ba harmonious variety in unity , i ? eupfittiDg all , and tyrannising over none ; as ever body would be free so adopt his own opinion with regard to the land , or other mean j of elevating

    the religious and tbe social condition of the people . Many of your raiders may not know what the PhalanX teiiau plaa is ; and foe tbair information , aud-with your peruiisslon , I will refer them to a ' Letter to Mr . OCjnnor , " written by Samuel Weil wood , a handloom weavi 1-, Is Glasgow , on the question of tho laud , iu -wtr-Q , witiirespectful deference to Mr . O'Connor , nad admiration far his political efforts , he contrasts tbe FuahiDXlerian plan with the small farm system . The letur may be had of any newsveader , or from Cleave , or tbe publisher , at the office of the London Phalanx , Catherine-street , Strand , London . Price thied half pence . To the trade one penny .

    "I am a Phalanxterian , and I hope tbat thS spirit which leads me to offer my co-operation to tbe peaceful winy of labour to obtain tho Charter , without saccriftcing opinions concerning the best method of improving the condition 0 ? the people as Tin END , when tfeo Charter bas been obtained as a MEANS , will induce those who prefer the Small Farm System or the Community System , to co-operate fiealy in tbe pe ; . cfful struggle ; and agree to differ with enlightened sympathy for each other . and respect for diffarent opinions advocated with sincerity-and liberality . Tnls ia in fact the very principle of liberadty and coMial union for a general end j for people never did , and I believe they never will , agree in doctrinal opinions of religion o * political economy . Variety should , then , be hKTOionizod In unity .

    ** Women should be generally prevailed upon , also , to join the peaceful army ; if not to struggle ia political antagonism , at least to join the social and religious divwioHa , to promote the education of their children when the land has been obtained , and thus prepare themselves for higher duties when tbe first great ; straggle has subsided . I believe , Mr . . E U . tQjvtbafc this incorporation of the social and religious elements of pro-Aress in the people ' s Union wonld multiply ifr » power beyond calculation ; and I submit it to you , and to your readers , in the religious hope of its adoption for the good of all . . Yours , in all sincerity , " Hugh dohertt . " In addition to all these , we have this wt ek r&-ceired communioatious frem Mr . JR . T . MobrISOK Nottingham , and Mr . G . J . Habkjst , of Sheffield . Mr . Morrison saya : — Continued m our eighth JHU / e , )

    Untitled Article

    - THE NORTHERN STAR I 7 r ' ' ¦ ' ¦ ' ¦ ¦¦ ., ,.. _— . ^ 5 . . - -

• Citation
  • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 15, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct659/page/7/