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Northern Star (1837-1852), 1st July 1843, Edition 3 of 5, Page 4

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    • THE NORTHERN STAR. SATURDAY, JULY 1, 1843.
    • 2To Beafcfjs attir SorrcsjKmti?nt£.
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      Untitled Article

      JjETTEBS EEOM THE HOUNT&J 8 B . XJX 6 X * KKIBS OP ZETIBBS 7 ZO 11 XS OLD MAJf 13 XKK cbCKiyr , TO A 5 OUKG MAX IK DTTKLIS . fjtara "The Beauties of tie 'Press : * " aselection of eriginal Article * * 2 ssq « , $ c , which originally appeared in the " Pfiiss" newspaper , established in Irekad hyjrihar O'Cooxor , qfler the forcible suppression of Hie Northern Star i > y the GoveramenLJ - IBIZEB JI . If thsbeartof Mr . PiUiBashMd bis nature as ma-Egnant , aiid ^ hiB talents as mlschisTona as someparty--wrlters suppose , such a system as I have described in my former letter , -was weD . adapted to iifl disposition and congenial to iis talents ; and sis ; hare imbibed nsv-sirnlEiieB inlis _ passage throngh the mMinzn of bis serimonioOBlidntL Tfe TiSl-consider the chief governors wiib-Trhlch he has fat oared Ireland , in such-a enrsorymacner , as if -we \ reie to loot at pictures in a

      The name of Grenvilleifl ondnons to the British empire ; it imports the oppression , calamity , and alienation of its-dependencies . Had the noble cousin of the JtneHiierieen as firm and xesdnte , in tie direction of the swrm , as he had been skilful and sednlons , in the raising of the : wbirlwind , this country had borne- testimony iKk& ATrifcffru ) to the separating talents and maunmitfing hands of a feenviHe . The country seemed to thrive under pressnie , like the palm . It hwl manifested some predilection for freedom ; and in the glorious ara of the Yolunteers , obtained from the fears of the sister country , or , perhaps , torn her justice , some relaxation of ancient rigours . ! Ebe gentry bad , on that occasion , ranged themselves iy the add of the populace ; all this was imputed to

      Ireland , not as sighteonsness , but as -unpardonable -guftl . The common modes of injnring ' the country seemedt * be Insufficient ; new sources of corruption -were to be opened ; tutw modes of estranging the sru loer&ey from'Hx 6 people -srere to bedeTiaed . liappeared to bean J effectual expedient ,-for this end to increase dissipation , extravagance , and consequent embarrass"mpirfc , urnrm g fhf » Signer-Jorders of the community . A young ' nobleruamraa selected for the station of chief igevemor , dissolute in bis manner of life and . profuse in Jub habits of erpsnse . Penrile Ie 7 ity , and thoughtless intemperance , ranging thro * every form of sensnal indnlgsnee , were joined , in him ,-with the gloss of youth , a fcenignity « f temper , and a gradons sanity of manners , that co-operated irith Mb exalted rank and situation , to lender fiee . eontagloBB and folly fashionable . 31 ms was tils snstoez&cy of Ireland corrupted and enslaved , and BenselessreTelry aridTnincHis expense , the-snre pierces of political , prostitution , "were universally disseminated

      ajjisnobJeHjan 's dispoaitiQn Tras , I belieTe , naturally . good andnprigb ± ; l « rt his temper , his character , and pleasurable pnrsuitJ fitted w ^» to become *^ ft prey of A violent ana grasping faction / who pres 3 ed continually xm his soft and pliant nature , ind persuaded an incongfoflrnfe ind believing man , that they alese possessed Hie golden secret of government , -wbile they flattered his indolence and loYe of pleasure by promising to relieve Mm of aU the cares of Adnunstration , and to resign him to the nnmoiested enjoyment of his I&vourlte amuse Tnenta . - Mow commenced the motley goTernment of -c 2 eritf and aid-de-ousps ; and -fcce « ggr » nrHygmif > n t of an indiiidual , a JaxnDy , anS a faction , the most hateful and itated this country erer produced . Bet let us tread lightly on the ashes of the deceased , TM « nobleman bad many virtues j hia disposition "was generous ; his good QuaHties -were all Ids own , Ms faults were mostly those cf his advisers—yet he was the nncon-¦ dous infanment of iucnrable miichief to this land .

      Behold a "different character . Plodding , without a bead for buatnessj -ricious , without a taste for pleasure ; fond of company , without good manners , or gojsd Batare ; joyless , yet dissipated ; dull , yet eccentric He SOBghi to promote , at the same instant , two discordant objects—the Increase of public jacflSgacy by the extension or prirate luxury , and the enlargement of a slender fortune by penurious accumulation . He united the ynflp andTanity ef ttie insolent nnedncated sobteman , "with . thBmBaaness and-rulgarity of the illiterate lowborn peasant , or ibs'XTJtfflew ' j clerk . He was a man take Mm for all in all , most eminently gifted by nature , sod accomplished by art , to excite contempt and hatred .

      The conduct of the person I nave sow described , was Each as one might naturally cave expected . He repofeed Ids entire confident's in a man Hi-informed , violent , xaSi , rancorous and -rindictiTe . His measures was chaiaetgTi «« pf > by -strange inconsistency—an odious mixture -of tyranny and weakness—Irritation unprovoked , and cs&cessino . wi&DUt r * ^ iti "' T * A ^ one mement the -whole ariBtecracy of the country , with the first law authority of the land at their head ¦ were brought forward , to pledge their lives and fortunes in support of the Profestorf Ascendant ? 1 A ' few weeksioTled away ; and behold this golden image of adoration , this . Proiafani Ascendancy , ly ^ prostrate a * the feet of the mulfitude . 2 fow religious feuds trexe fomented by high authority , in the Northern parts of this Mana , at least , no soliettnde was ahewn J > y those who- had the power of repressing outrage at j&e itaww > yBwtfWin 1 a to -employ the Tnp ? T > g which they held in their lands , far the preservation of public

      Older . If ow the spirit of rigorous coercion began to fierelope itself—a large stride "was m ^ e to the perpe > ^ nf j . Tfm of gngrances and abuses , and the denial of eran the-poor consdlafion of complaint , by the Convention SiO , which , howeyer it may be jostined on the plea of necessity , inflicts a severe wound on &Bj > redouB xights of »—tnfflfng and petitioning the Throne or the Parliament . " Had this man been permitted to remain longer in Ireland , the die t * V * been already cast—ihe disordsra of *?»¦ w ' "\ r y Jiad reached their crisf . He ttbb called away—and the erening lustre of faded beanty attended Ms departure ; jet , though recalled , te experienced jsnchaTeceptJon from a benign and gracious master , as plainly shewed that his conduct in this country was not , nnpleasing to the British Cabinet , or ffim Britaab , since it did sot preclude >» Tn from the nmahine of his royal master ' s approbation and couniemsnee . He consoled himself with the golden bar-TESi ,-from a sale of leyemona and a luaatiTe sinecure .

      lie nobleman who was now nominated chief gorer-Sfl ^ jWEs ardently expected in this eoxmtry , aatbe mes-> 86 ^ r of peace and good "will among men . Ha -was rot a unned gamaster , or a beggarly ineombrance of the peerass . He did not solicit , the Ticeregal situation to lepair a mined fortune , otto aecamnlaie a new one ; for H > b TnaiTi ^ Tpnnry of a barren title , iy the plunder of -a wastedprBTince . The cignity was forced upon him ; fco-accepted iS / with a proud condesoennoii ; herelinqmstoa his home , and Ms domestic habits wiQizesret $ * romhimis ! ional and good men expected the moat salutary and heaSng measures . Ihey aw , that he pos-Best saeb . a large stake in the country he came , to gorern as mnrt powerfully lead him to seek and promote i ! s true mtereste—because in the prosperity of this

      nation , ni « own la closely implicated . Tbisnobleman pondered his way before him ; he hesitated to accept the charge , like a man , who ccniiienscouly felt its weight andlmportance , andmeant to perform his duty faithfully . He had the leaders of the Irish opposition in London ; with them he consulted ; be stapuiated for specific meanaesandplsnaxy powers . Uoubts , delays , uegodations , andexplanfionssucfeeded ; at length the flmnessof Lord F . ^ aeeiBBfl to preTail He supposed himself , and this country , too , Eupposedhim , tobeinTeBtedwithauthori T mTTimJj ample , and adequate to the pacMcatien of Ireland . He came over full of benevolent and patrioBc aims . Tfa proposed system of this nobleman ¦ was to liaTe ^ nsacbea onV into twe great SB 68 of condnct—the TeTanning of inTeterat © abases , and the TemoTs ! of imberal and unconsUtntional complaints ;

      OAex&eid lerrisTitowUndum fata jXegve-ultra essesixeTit How eoon , how fatally were the golden hopes of the nation blasted 1 Zhe redress and reform projected by -grin nobleman , and these who acted with him in thia eountry , required , and indeed of necessity brought -with them , the remoTal from power of a base and obscure faction , oDnaxkms to all good menz a faction which , wjihont personal dignity , or She weight of wealth or talents , had grown old and rich-in power , by the basest axts and the meet corrupt insLnnstaoD ; had lorded it orer the land-without control , - and spread its crooked and entanglbd xoota , in the dark , even to the basement

      of the Britaah 32 irone . ZThe dismissal of the persons who composed this faction , waa sot only requisite to the safety and permanency of lord P . s administration , hot was a sacrifice doe to the outraged feelings of an oppressed and insulted people . 3 * ow was fe } t the force of tlie iccxims of hospitaliiy , and the ideas of a sepaxate EngiiBh interest , which 1 mentioned , in the com > HienceBient of these letters . The menaced faction had address to represent themselres as the mos ) staunch friends of the "Rngli ^ i interest in this country , lord F . ¦ waa Temoted , and tea xegret and gratitude of the people followed his good intentions .

      It was plainly seen on what principle Lord-F . was retailed , li was bo other than the perpetuation of the sten and the measures which had Tendered the people \ of thiB country diasatisfled . It was seen , that the j blasted faction , which had degraded the aristocracy , ] and made the . honours of the Crows cheap and dis- i gr&ctful in Ireland , toy an open sale of peerages , and had boldly stowed in tie seat o ? legialatare , and in the face of the world , that Tenality and corruption were , and ought to be , the ruling principles andactiTe engines of aamiidstration- ; It was seen , fljat this wretehedasd TBinous c&bal had f onnd protectors in that closet which iufcexetresfc of Hiajesty , andthe known asylum of erery princely Tirtne . A Jnelancholyforebeding told iis , t >^ t thefiuccssor of IiOrdP . would come to fro snathe warm aqoratians of the people into silence—and like ( he fyran kw Irrecthijtg tf Vte Xorthy shst ail their lads from Vmcaa .

      It is to be lamented , that daring the short appear- * nce of Lord P . above our horijson , the splendour of bis good intentions daisied the public eye . The gratitude rif frg aiMTmMTTmH pi ^ fpff-rtf y qt pgnlnfl expectations , and ¦ CT ^ mny afe » mBfnt 7 » t % T » f ~{ nyyM j tO their SDTereJgn , ¦ was antiapatea . A tirtnons -&esxy prevailed among -bb , and in the wild paroxysm of acknowledgment , lor benefits promised to be conferred , the sopplieswere profnseJy granted ; tssS preparations -were made for home dbfence , and nc Ineonsider&hle assistance of men " andmoney farnished to aid Britain in her wild crusade agairat the Jibertieg of Prance . 1 -will not say that tba "watchmen ql "the public weal-srere intaxicated at thtlr SSosts , "by lie tbtj nmes of the draught of powrj hetoe ; tbVcbalics touched theIr lips . Sot certair >' . yi would haTe been wise in the oppo ^ Uon mes ^ ez ? , wh (

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      i then managed for lord P . in the House of Commons , had they been less conEdent andpredpltate ; it would haTebeenhappy for the country had they paused and waited : bo that redress and ' supply might hare adTancedhand in hand . Some doubt , some hesitation , some caution , was suggested by one or two of the members ; but how -were they treated ? Thefact was , tiiat certain distinguished members of opposition , one in particular , whose eloquent exertions in hercause , well deserved the liberal gratitude of an admiring eountry , did not for a moment lose sight of their own principles , the principles by which they had grown in the esteem of the people—they were seized with all the spirit of alarm that infected England , and worked up themselves to feel the lymphatic terrors of a Burke , and to possess an unlimited approbation of the present wicked and disastrous war !

      It was plainly seen that the devoted character who should succeed to Lord Pitzwilliam , at this eventful an £ opprobrious period , would come over manacled with instructions and bound to move in trammels ; that he would be taught his lesson like a school hoy , and commanded to do all which his predecessor would have left undone ; and to leave undene all which Ms predecessor would have done—in fine that the sew Chief Governor must sell and commit himself , body and soul , by importunity to the fool fiend of that factJoH which bad rode the harassed land , like an Incubus , to the verge of a precipice . Yet a Nobleman was found who willingly ; devoted himself , and with a hardihood equal to that of Curliia , plunged into a gulf of j peril . A

      private tutor , or Mayor de Palais , was assigned to this Ticeroy , Faineant , as the Governor of our Chief Governor , a man of some character for } a resolute temper and political dexterity . How did the new administration prepare to meet a disappointed and irri tated nation ? Not with lenient measures of concilia tion , but with unmerited chastisement , and the menacing brow of stern defiance . Pains "was at first taken by the Right Hon . Secretary to disseminate an opinion , that the old task-masters of Ireland were allowed no influence in the councils of the new cabinet ; bat the close and intimate connection which subsisted with that party , did not at any time allow ! the most orednlons to give implicit credit to this assertion , and it Boon became impossible to retain the mask .

      I have premised this rapid sketch of some past administrations , that yon might the more easily comprehend the scope and maxims of the present system . With one solitary exception you perceive that an adherence to tbeEnglish interest , as itis universally called , is the mling principle in them all . It is under a pretence of maintaining this interest , that a set of men equally deficient in talent and in honesty , block up the avenues to the castle , retain those who arei entrusted with the helm of this country in a state of xtegB ; keep honest and moderate men at a distance ; stigmatizs the warning voice of truth and sincerity as the guilty murmur of discontent and faction , and prescribe many cf the most zealons friends and supporters of monarchy , who have been marked out as disaffected persons , because they wffl not express a blind and implicit confidence in the virtue and abilities of the present Ministry . : I am yrars , MONTANUS .

      The Northern Star. Saturday, July 1, 1843.

      THE NORTHERN STAR . SATURDAY , JULY 1 , 1843 .

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      THE PROSPECTS OF OUR CAUSE . Odb Glasgow correspondent , with the shrewd penetration and cool-headed good sense for which his countrymen are famed , takes the following retrospect of the state of Chartism in his district : — " To those who have paid dose attention to ah the circumstances connected with the Movement from its commencement , it must have been clear that a calm would inevitably follow the stonn of August last . The people jwere dnped . Advantage was taken of their ardour in the cause . Those whose

      only object was to live npon the movement through ingenuity and falsehood , succeeded for a time ; and as a natural consequence the enthusiasm of those who had been victimised was turned into bitter disappointment . In almost nineteen cases ont of every twenty these were onr best men : however , matters are now promising to assume a healthy tone once more . Many who for sometime past have remained inactive are again tallying round the standard of our country ' s freedom and the poor man ' s only hope . " We take this to be a most accn-nla arid

      welldrawn picture of the "state of things" not only in Glasgow , but through the whole country . The spirit of the people is rising above the ; "heavy blow and sore discouragement" -trhieb it received from hands who were indebted to the people for their power to wonnd . The object must sow be to prevent a similar relapse : to go on steadily , and consistently , and soberly for the time to come . We hope this may be done . It depends on the people ' s own prudence . They shall not lack the best counsel we can give them : and they have never yet known us either to give rash counsel , or to " run away" from the consequences of our counsels , — having led them into a ditch , and left them in it .

      Our success is in our prudence and our perseverance . We have great pleasure in reiterating Mr . O'Coshob ' s cautions to the people in his letter of thiB present week . They are necessary , and muBt be attended to . Had our counsels been heeded in August last , the " backflniag" which our agitation has received would have been saved . There are plenty of such fellows as those 0 'Cojmon speaks of , hanging upon the people ' s skirts . There-always have been . We know one skulking scamp who lives on fiie movement—who has long lived on it—and who , though an excellent workman with a good

      y trade , tnilnol noori ; who has leu more than one situation , for no other reason than because he preferred living on the people to living by his own labour , and who , on the 18 th of August last , assembled a somber of poor fellows , —who thought him honest and valorons enough to be a leader , —on a certain moor ; and after having given them : a most exaggerated and lying statement of the doings at the Manchester Conference , said : "Now the first thing you must do iB to go and fire the Mayor ' s house "; and after a portion more of like good advice , he appointed them to meet him there at four

      ' in the afternoon of the same day , having in the meantime ** b * at np the surrounding Tillages and mustered a force of at least four thousand , when he would be there to consult with them , to lead them , and " go to work . " The poor fellows went away to the neighbouring villages j they " beat op " for recruits ; they mustered a good many hundreds ; they kept their appointment on the moor ; but there wasno leader ! his courage had oozed out in the meantame ! and he had sought the safety of his own Bcamp ' s-carcase by getting out of the district ; while , instead of the valiant Chartist leader , they found

      ready for their reception a body of police , whom they very wisely spared the trouble of dispersing them , by making off as fast as possible . What connection , or whether any connection , might have subsisted between his getting out of the way , and the police getting into the way , we neither know nor care : but this we know , that the fool-braggartness which leads a man to love " splutter and splash ; " the craven-heartedness which makes him desert the men he has broug&t into danger , and the black villainy which -weald induce him to sell them if he could get a bidder , are

      very near relatives . They are like pleasure and pain—almost the shadow of each other ; when one is seen you may be sure the other is not Tar off . If the people wish success for their cause they must trust no man who has anything to say to them that may not be said in the hearing of the v / hole world . They must have no secret proceedi ' ags—no matters to account for which cannot be es plained . They must trust no man who fears to tatr . e the consequences to which he would invite their , —who shrinks- from the

      sodding of his own pluB 7 . es . They must' trust so man who shall in any rvsy suggest to them a going beyond the law—or air j measure which most lead to it if persisted in . Tb . ey must ensconce themselves in the firm enclosure , of high principles strict justice , increasing vigUarySe , watchful penetration , and cool perseverance . II they do this we shall then rejoice that even the Strike Plot and many previous matters have had their uses in the opening of-theireyes , and we shall -consider our cause in a much more hopeful condition than we have ever yet seen it . I

      It " is time that our organization had some attentio-j paid to it . We see that Mr . O'Coknob . recommends the election of a new Executive ; Several i bodies of the people have also urged the ' necessity I of this course . We hope certainly that ; if we do hare a new Executive , we shall have one who will

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      organize the people , instead of living on them . We are for no more paid men , exoept a Secretary ; who most havejsome little qualification for his office . For our own part , we think the adoption of a plan of organization ! should precede the eleotioa of an Executive . We have no organization , nor we never have had one . I It is high time we shoald . We never Bhall bej able to have one , until we can get into a position to take advantage of the law instead of haying always to evade it . We caa never do this , in the ! present state of the law , without making the basis of our Society wider , and its objects

      more comprehensive , and , at the same time , more specifics , than we ever yet have done . This may be done as well as not ; and this is the thing for the people to consider before they elect an Executive . Organization is a subject of the last importance to our movement . : We have by us a number of communications from a great variety of talented , shrewd men in the Movement , which we have reserved for the purpose of j bringing them at one view before the people , thai they may take into consideration the multitude of counsels , and , if possible , extract wisdom from them .

      We shall next week give all these communications ; not , it may be , in tbe words of the several writers , but in as small a space as possible , bringing their ideas before the people—and we shall hereafter give our own view of the whole matter : of the form which our society ought to assume—the objects it ought legally to have— -the organization and government it thus may hare—and the results which must flow from them if rightly carried out . We have no

      purpose to dictate on the matter ; but we scorn the 11 erj" of " dictation . " The people have a right to oar opinion , and they shall have it . They may set what estimate they please upon it—that shall not prevent our giving it them . We live not to please them , but to serve them ; with their own aid when we can , because so much the more efficient does our service then become ; but without , when we honestly believe them to be " standing in their own light . "

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      " REBECCA" IN WALES . Ik another part of this sheet we have inserted , from the Times , extracts from a series of articles , which have appeared in that journal ; and which are worthy of serious consideration . To them we invite special attention . In that paper of Wednesday there is another from the pen of the same writer , revealing more of the causes that have led to the strong manifestations of dissatisfaction with "things as they are" lately made in Welshland . His details are most important ; showing , as they do , the effects of the " Free-Trade Tariff" upon the prices of agricultural produce .

      And we must remember when reading those details , that what the writer describes as the effect in Wales of the "Free-Trade" measures , is , in minature , what has taken place all over the kingdom . Before the next winter is over , it is much if we don't Bee " Rebecca ' in other places than Camarthen ! The farmers of England can not pay their share of the £ 60 , 000 , 000 a-year taxation , with fixed rents and tithes , and increasing rates , while wheat is at 6 s . a bushel I butter at 6 ^ d . perib ! cheese at 2 | d . per lb 1 ! and two-year old cattle , which used , only two years ago , to feteh £ 8 each , Belling now for £ 3 !!! Rare "Free Trade , this ! Rare for the

      taxeater 2 ! But if this state of things be not soon altered , " Rebecca" will have ; a roving commission ; and we shall hear of her doings nearer home than Carmarthen in Wales ! And how can they be altered , but by " repealing the £ 60 , 000 , 000 a-year taxation ; and re-adjusting it on the principle of equity and right ! Bat who , of all our " Statesmen (!)" , dare propose such a measure ? Who , amongst them all , dare tackle it ? Who dare to propose to deal with the debt 1 Who dares advocate an EtjoiTABLB Adjustment 1 Which of them

      wishes any such thing ? No one 1 The £ 60 , 000 , 000 a-year will continue . The low price of agricultural produce will continue also ; for it is impossible to get prices up again , save by an utter failure of harvests , or by an issue of One PoundNote * inconvertible into Gold I - And who dare propose to take that step 1 Who \ but crack-skulled Attwood aud MuNTZ , of Birmingham 2 Dare Pebi , propose it ? Shade of Cobbett haunt him if he does J Where ib the Gbidihom ! O J what a" feast" we will havel

      Lowness of prices must continue . Nay , prices must get lower . It is ** the spirit of the age" to reduce them . But Tithes axe a fixed burden on the Land . Refits cannot be reduced , because of the ** Mortgages , * and the ** Marriage Settlements f Rates host increase ; the " recklessness" and " don't care what they do" will increase also ; and " Rebecca" will have " plenty-to-do" 1 I I The " Free Trade" Tariff will play up before it iB done with , unless the £ 60 , 090 , 000 a-year be reduced to £ 4 , 000 , 000 . This it meet assuredly will not be ; and THE THING will either have to go to . pieces ,

      like a ship upon the rocks ; or the " recklessness " of " Rebecca" must so operate on the fears of our " Statemen , " as to induce them to give way , not only on the Poor Law , bnt on all our fiscal arrangements , and ; " final" Btateof the Representation ! " If , " to paraphrase the language of the Times ; "if manifestations of popular vengeance should induce eur ^ Statesmen'to look the difficulties of THE THINSifully in the face , and apply the only adequate remedy , the time may oome when we shall have to thank even * Rebecca and her Daughters '"!! If they should not have this effect , nothing can save THE THING from destruction .

      To the following article we direct the attention of every one who is anxious to know of the causes that are bringing the Farmers of Wales into the fi « ld of fight , with asks in their hands , to upset tell-bar e , and pull down Union Workhouses . He will soon see , that something more than filling Wales with troops , must be done , to enable the Farmers to pay Taxes Tithes , and Rent , and live , with Wheat at six shillings a-busiiel ! " Since ay last communication to yoa on Saturday night , I bftve met ) numbers of Rebeccaitw , and conversed witn several respectable farmers engaged in tbe outrage at tbe Carmarthen workhouse on . Monday last .

      One intelligent farmer , who informed me that be was actnally inside the workhouse gates when tbe dragoons charged amongst them , and who got outside in tbe confusion , stated to me that he was compelled , most unwillingly , to goi these ; for , having refused to join one of the toll bar expeditions , he bad bis stable fired , and a threat was held out to him that if he did not join the procession oo Monday last , his boose would be destroyed . He accordingly did join tbe procession , bat refused to disguise himself by turning bis coat and blacking his face , as they wished him . His statement fully bore out my first communication to you , that the distress of the small farmers is at the bottom of all the

      mischief . By his account , never over well off , Shey have now . by the ; depreciation of prices , AND THE UNABATED AJ 1 OUNT OF RENTS , AND TITHES , AjfO TAXES , and the increased amount of pooi-rai ^ s and tolls , become at : last hopeiem and utterly reckless . £ wo years ago , ' said he ; * the price of oate in this county was 2 a . 6 d . the Winchester bushel , now tbe farms * can only get Is . 6 d . and la . 8 d . The regular price of barley was two years ago 4 s . a bushel , and sometimes they were enabled to sell it aB high as' 5 s . and 5 s . 6 d . ; now they can only get 3 s ., and were frequently compelled in winter to sell it for 2 b- 6 d . a bushel . The average price of wheat was about S 3 . a bushel : now the price is 6 s . ; butter , which

      used to sell at 8 jd . and 9 d . per lb ., is now selling at 6 id . ; cheese , which used to fetch 4 d . per lb ., now sells at 2 | d . Two-year old cattle , which two years ago used tof&tcb £ & apiece , are now selling at 60 s ., and you may pick the very" best for £ 3 . Colts rising two years old , -which formerly , readily fetched £ 8 or £ 9 each , now cannot be sold for more than £ 3 . ' This state of things he attributed partly to the operation of the New Tariff , bat principally to the depressed state of the Glamorganshire iron -works throwing numbers of men out of employment , ^ nd decreasing the amount of agricultural produce required . Whilst the tithes , which have been very generally commuted in this comity tmdei

      the late Titoe Commutation Act , and 'which were calculated en the former price of agricultural produce , SOW REMA 1 K A jjJXED BDRDEN UPON THK LAND the price of produce being decreased one-third and sow ^ . times one-half ; aj » d kknts have wot mhW m AST deGbee WHATEVER . The conseqnence jg , $ © quote bis own eipressive -words , * THB FARMERS ARE GOING TO NOTHING , EVERY ONE OF THEM ! THEY jABE GETTING BEOJ ^ LESS , AND a > 0 NTCARE "WHAT THEY DO I r Oa Monday last , " [ said he , great numbers of them ttfjm theihttls joined I the mob and procession into Car marthen , armed with : acitbes fixed on sticks , 59 ( 1 r jas and weapons of all

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      kinds , hundreds and hundreds of them ; but they listened ] to the advice of a respeotaWe farmer , who addredBedjthea , and prayed them , for Ood ' a rake , to leave them atone of the villages they passed through or he could not tell what would have been the result when the soldier * attacked them / Bat their chief and prominent cause of grievanceiia tbe toll-bat tax . It is now impossible to get to AbergvrUly , for instance , a distance of afx mile * from where we ware then standing , without paying three- tttrnpifces—a tax on the farmer who goes there with ihis cart and two horses with hte market produce of 9 d ., when often , ' aaid he

      • the farmer baa not fid . in his poefcet to pay it with it is too jhardj we can't bear it . ' ' " The landlords also must now begin to feel the depression ; Another farmer informed me that he -was tns steward of a landowner of Carmarthen , who owns an eaUte of nominally £ 4 , 000 a year rent-roll , bat who , said be , ffor the last two yeM * . has not received the greater part of his rents ; he is a good landlord , and did not | press bis tenants ; but , said he , 'if he were now to distrain for ( hem , he would get nothing , unless he sold their cows , which they live by , and their working horses . '

      " I endeavcared te ascertain tbe cause ef the attack on the workhouse of Carmarthen from several of the farmers , land from some who were even present at it . Generally they said , Oh , we did not Intend it at all , but W 8 re urged forward by the Carmarthen mob . ' One farmer who appeared perfectly impartial , and very intelligent , and of whom I asked tbe cause of the unpopularity of tbe workheuae , toUl me , and from all I can gather I think it is the truth , that the poor of Carmarthen are opposed to tbe New j Poor Law because they are badly used ; that they have not enough food ; that they are ^ separated from their wives aud families , and kept as in a prison ; but tbe shopkeepers and farmers of the pariah , who have the rates to pay , upboidit because they pay Slew poor rates . * t myself / said he , ' saved last year l £ 27 in peor rates , which I paid lees than I

      did formerly for my farm close to Carmarthen , and generally ; poor-rates for the tbwn of Carmarthen are twenty per cent . less now than they used to be ; but , said he , 'I have another fartUjj at some distance from the town ; in another and rural ; parish , belonging to the same union , in which the poor-rates are more than doubled , ! and tbe farmers there comphin that tbe management of their own poor is taken out of their own bands , and that they are compelled to pay others to do this duty ; for them , But why should I , as ratepayer / said he , ' wish to pull down the workhouse , which has only just been built at the costof the ratepayers ? There is no sense in doing that . Bat il was the poor farmers , who are grown reckless and can pay nothing , and do not care what they do , led on by tbe Carmarthen mob , who were ready to pull down the workhouae , ox do anything else . ' - ¦'¦ ¦ ¦

      •' The country , in the day time , appears perfectly quiescent At night , however , the small farmers on the I hills assemble together and appear pefectly organized for any mischief ; and those , farmers who have a slake in the country are afraid xhax 1 NCENDIAR 13 M WILL BE COMMON 1 " On @unday tbe Earl of Cawdor and Colonel Powell , lord lieutenant of tbe county ; of Pembroke , arrived here at the request of the Government " A bedy . of marines are marching from Pater to Newcastle Emlyn , and Colonel Love is disposing tbe troops in various , parts of the county , so as to be ready to march on any part attacked .

      " Yesterday the troop of the 4 th Dragoons marched from here to Newcastle , and I believe it to be the commanding j officer ' s intention to be continually moving the troops about , so as to prevent the Insurgents from knowing at what Bpot they may find them . " In the mean time , every day brings fresh accounts of gates being thrown down . Ob Friday night four were palled down within two miles of Cardigan , and on Saturday three near Abergwilly . la fact , a general feeling of apprehension prevails thai the destruction of private property wilt follow the present toll-bar outrages . "A lessee of eleven toll-bars on the Cardigan trust states , that ten of them have been thrown down . "

      To the working people we have one word to say in reference to these Rebecca riots . Let them alone . Have nothing to do with them . Let the middle class men fight their ovrn battles and take their own risk . Those farmers who now feel "the pressure of the times" are tbe very fellows who would have ridden down , trodden down , and sabred dewn , you at any moment , in any effort for your own rights . They now | seek to involve you in the meshes of this lawless struggle merely to make " oat's paws" of you . They will use yoa to work their mischievous purposes ; and then , whether , their project hit or miss , they will lend themselves to Government for your destruction—and , as jurymen , will be the first to send you by scores to prison ; and to the hulks , for helping them . There is a marvellous similarity

      between these " Rebecca' riots and the Strike Plot of last year in England * Be not befooled . Let the sorrow and misery of your English brethren ' s experience teach yon wisdom . Should any of your own rank and party tempt yon to have any , the least , communication with " Rebecca , " be sure that those who do aojare knaves or fools , or both at the same time . That "Rebecca" will progress we can have no doubt ; because we know that the hand of faction will not slacken its gripe ; and it is the nature of all evil to beget its like , though not always in precisely the same form ; but we bid the people note that they will never get good from violence . In all battleB tbe blows will Come to their share , while their friends " the middle class sympathisers , will carry off the prizes , and : add more blows to their portion . Thus it ever was , and thus it ever will be .

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      « extensio ( n of commerce . " " high wages ! AND PlJeNTY TO DO !" Eveby week and day that passes over brings with it new instances o £ the affection of the people ' s friends among the middle classes , for the amelioration of their sufferings . Every body knows how fall of patriotism and philanthropy the Extension . of Commerce men have-always been ! How anxious they have been to get the Corn Laws off , that the poor might have " cheap bread , high wages , and

      K—„ , _ ... what earnest elognence . their privations , under the ! depressed state of commerce , were set forth and insisted on . Well ; the corn laws are not repealed , but ] trade is better ; much better : orders are brisk and mills are required to work fall time ; indeed we had ! it from a large tradesman but a week or two ag < , that "there never was a better trade than now . " And what do we new hear of the philanthropists—the " cheap bread aud high wages" men ! Why , that , having failed in their purpose of intimidating the Government through the Strike-Plot of . last year , they are now seeking their " extended" profits in further reductions of the miserable wages of the

      operatives whose condition they so pathetically deplore at public meetings . At a recent meeting in Manchester one ofHhe speakers related the fact of Mr , "Cheap-Bread" Cobdek having reduced his block printers to the tune W five pence in each one shilling and sixpence they earn !! This announcement excited a strong sensation of disgust at the conduct of tbe fellow , who during his perambulations through the country has been professing the greatest sympathy for the starving operative ; ascribing all their sufferings to the Corn Laws and the tyranny of the aristocracy ; holding up himself and hia manufacturing brethren as the very essence of philanthrophy ; and who , in the ; midst of all this hypocritical whining , unjustly deprives those who are dependant on him for employment of almost one third of

      their entire earnings !! At Leicester , it seems that similar proceedings are going on at the same time . On the 19 th instant , a deputation of workmen went , in a respectful and orderly manner , to the different glove manufactories , soliciting their Wners to give the same rate of wages as agreed to in the month of May last , which was a redaction of nine per cent , on the wages of last year . Messrs . Bai lev , Cook , Warner , Mills , Howe , Thorpe , Richards , Prestos , and Bhamf-TON , all agreed to give the price : but on soliciting the Messrs . Biggs , Mr . William , the present Mayor ; —tbe concocterof the * f Midland Counties Charter " :

      the great " Reformer j of the House of Lords" ; the mighty agitator for a Repeal of the Corn Laws ; the supposed philanthropist ; the great teacher of equality ; the man who , in 1832 , harangued the people on the Reform Bill , aud told them to prepare themselves to march to Birmingham : yes ' ; this man told the deputation "he should hold no conference with them ; aud if they broke the peace , by committing acts of vagrancy , or anything else , he should punish them to the utmost rigour of the law / ' The deputation wanted to reason with him . He haughtily returned for answer , " you have heard what I have said ; yon know what I mean ; you can ao . "

      Our correspondent , from whose communication we have quoted the foregoing setting forth of facts , tells us , that ** the reduction RUt offers is about twentyfive per cent , less than the hands received last year ! * Other Corn Law Repealing firms were visited with no better effect . Thus has it ever been , and thus will it ever be while the infernal system lasts ! No change of times for better ever betters the condition of the poor workman ; but ho is incessantly made to put bis shoulder under the full weight of everv extra pressure .

      Simultaneously with these proceedings of the " friends of the working men" in Cheshire and Lei : OBStershire , we learn from another correspondent that a Coal Owner of Staffordshire notoriety—tbe identical same Coal Owner who produced all the disturbances , in that district , of last year—and for which disturbances poor Cooper is now being immolated—has given notice of a reduction throughout his collieries of fourpence a * day !! bringing the poor wretches to wear out their lives in the bowels of the earth , amidst sulphurous fumes , and surrounded by ontold dangers , for bigbtken-pencb a-day I While the Messrs . Grace , Cab , and Co ., in another part of the kingdom—at their immense * collieries at

      Reckmgton , in the Newcastle district—have perpetrated npon their men , one of the most heartless oppressions that we have erer heard of , even in the annals of" Friends to the poorf ' . This matter is deserving of a passing notice , and we entreat our readers to give it one . They will all remember the awful explosion in the King Pit , recorded in the Star at the beginning of last April . Just at that time these conscientious g ^ fctlemenjhad contracted with a number of workmen for twelve months ; the terms of the agreement being , that those poor men should on no account work for any body else during the twelve months i and also that as many of them as should absent themselves from labour

      during that period , should forfeit to the masters two shillings and sixpence for every day so lost . After the dreadful catastrophe of the 5 th of April , the men , of coarse , felt some hesitation at risking their lives until the ; should leant that tbe- pit was safe ; they proposed , therefore ! , th © very reasonable expedient of an examinationj by competent and disinterested parties . This the Ghristiaa-mmded middle class " friends tethe poor" refused to accede to ; and the men have consequently been out from that time to the 22 ad inst . ; ten weeks having been lost fa . the unreasoning ,, reckless obstinacy of the masters , and four more m v « ntilatins ; the pit to-make it workable ;

      during all which time these poor men areijing idle , and tboir philanthropic and Christian-like employers , who would Barely have- imprisoned them bad they taken a day ' s work fan any other party ., refuse to give them a farthing of ] wages for their Lost time ! We bear that the moni who are all now at work , intend to proceed against these fellows at the assizes for the amount of the . wages due to them ; or rather for the amount of the 2 s . 6 d . per day profit upon

      their labour , which by their indentures they must have paid to Messes . Grace , Cabr , aad Co ., if the time bad been lost by their fault : and we do hope most earnestly that they will be universally aided by their fellows in the struggle . It is only in united exertion that the people can find any efficient substitute for that just power of action which they ought to have , and which they must never rest until they do have ; for until then will they always find their energies full tasked for the correction of the grievious evils which the system brings into operation .

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      THE FACTORY BILL , AND THE HYPOCRITICAL DISSENTERS . As we welt knew , and stated at tbe first burst of holy indignation agaiast the Factory Bill of Government , the battery was nearly masked by opposition to the Educational Glauses ; while the real animus of the entire opposition was directed against , the protection clauses , whioh the canting eowards dared not to openly attack . Tbe Educational Clauses have been withdrawn entirely j but the BiH is no more palateable yet I It is as bad a BilL as

      ever ! The Mawworms and the Cantwells are &S loud in their abuse of it now , as before their withdrawal . ** Net >» t ; " brother Patriot ; and tb « Rev . Mr . M AssiB . as tub-thumping corporal , still pipe their whistles lustily ; and Nonoon . beats a small tattoo in concert , though he corrects one or two- of the most dissonant of their false aotes . Hereafter we we shall take the trouble of giving these " sings " one more pickling . For the present tbls notice must suffice ; just to inform them that wo rfo M see them erawl . "

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      Mb . O'Connor's Visit to Hitll and Leeds . —When Mr . O'Conner wrote to Mr . West , of Hull , saying that he would visit Hull on Friday next , it was under the impression that he would have to '¦ lecture , according to former arrangement , at Leeds , on Tuesday and Wednesday next . These lectures , however , have had to be postponed ^ till Monday and Tuesday fortnight , inconsequence of the building where they are to he delivered being undergoing repair . Mr . G'Connosr will , therefore , not visit Hull until after he fms been to Leeds ; and of which timely notice will be ¦ given in the Star .

      Victim Fvxd . —A balance-sheet has been forwarded ^ from Friday , May 36 / A , to Wednesday , June 2 \ stfrom which it seems that the Committee have received , from various parties , £ 5 16 * . llid . ; end that their disbursements have' been £ 5 11 s . Whd . —leaving in the hands of the Treasurer , 4 s . Id . The Committee request all per' sons fi ' iviny out bonks to bring or send them in every week , on a Wednesday evening , at eight o ' clock , at the Hall , Turnagain-lane . Art ^ ob Augustine Mag be — We cannot insert th *

      . address sent us from the Repealers of Carlisle U Mr . O'Oonnell . It would be better suited to the columns of the Nation , or some other Irishpaper . The Northern Scar gives as much intelligence of the Reppal movement as practicable ^ , but the insertion of addresses , such as this would exclude from its columns the reports nf meetings , which are more interesting to the general reader . Wilmah Tolbert , BiKJHNCHAK .- ^ -Tre have a distinct knowledge of the language he Quotes having . been used by the Corn Law RefKaliitg Fitzwilliah , in his place in the House t but cannot aid him to the date . The same Fitzwilliam has been enabling his tenantry te meet the Free-trade Tariff- caused low price of agricultural produce by increasing their rents ! The reason assigned for this course on the part of the ** noble" Earl is that the electors of the West Riding rejected Am son at the last election . Parliamentary seats and influence have , it seems , bevn purchased , by low rents ; at least the " Eart" seems to have deemed them low . Unless , however , that Parliamentary influence is submissively afforded \ the prto « is to be withheld .

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      MATERIALS FOR A " CASE" AGAINST IRELAND . The English Press are circulating the following as " a . sample of the poetical effusions , now in very general circulation among the 'finest peasantry' : "— i 'Then Lather ' s generation will take a speedy flight , And go into Hanover ia lands of ; tweet delight ; . Oar enemies must cut their eticka , and leave this fertile land ; For it -was decreed that Luther's breed should fall by God's command . Onr clergymen they will attend , while blood runs in their veins , - And Etiu ' s sons , with pike and guns , will chase them like the Danea . "

      Let not the reader laugh at this " weak invention ofthe , eneipy . " 'The Whig Irish Coercion Bill was justified , and PASSED , by a House of Commons , having a majority of 200 Reform members , on le $ grounds tjian the foregoing ¦ " poetical effasion"ii Lord Stanley was then Irish Secretary ; and he brought into the House the ^ offiofel Red Box * . " filled , as be said , with the evidence upon whioh he relied for the passing of the Bill whioh the Whig Government had prepared to put down the Repeal agitauoa . ¦ He opened his box * and produced bis evidence . It consisted wholly and solely , of am otd songttt than which the above "poetical effusion "

      contains a . thousand times more " sedition , " and a thousand times more u treason" and causa for alarm ! The " old song" gaate has been tried before ! and it answered t On the evidence afforded by that " old song , " did the " Reformed House of Commons , " pass a law making it transportation for auy , one to be found out of his bouse ( cabin !) after sun-set !! and on the evidence afforded by that same , song ., did the English " Reforming" Press suppors the Legislative Reformers in their atrocious act against public liberty t There is , therefore , more thau moets the eye , in this " old song" story , now so industriously circulated .

      We have noted , most minutely , tbe great difference m the tone of the Whig prers during the present Repeal agitation , from that which it bore in 1833 . Then it was treascn . Then it was unjustifiable . Then it must be put down by the strong arm of the law . Now , it is not even condemned ;! or , if so , in accents so mild , that they amount to an encouragement . What is the reason of the change 1 The Whigs abb opt ! Were the Whigs iii , the Lee ^ Mercury would again begin

      to sneer at " King , Dam" ; and justify another Irish Coercion j Act ! The Whig& ark Got ; ; and the Whig press p ^ ves the present agitation a sort of countenance . , in the hope teat it will eventuate in seating the , Whigs agaiu on the Treasary Beaches , where tbiy * mow they will be : sure of the aid of the Tories in \ putting the agitation datm ; and in sendin fr * he iWiEXiBUS agitators ! to cool their corns in ar 4 ur , geon , while the flexible and useful ones are W . ? arded for their labours !

      The onlt hopk the RepbaLbbs can have for success is to keep thb Whigsoot ! ! See whatexcellent oppositionists they make ;! Look at the Arms Bill . Tliat measure would have been through both Houses Jong since , had the Whigs been in , with the Tories at their back to carry it ! Keep them in opposition ! and you will thwart the Minister , and procure Repeal J Lee ; the Whtg 3 again into office , ajfci awaylgoes every hope for success I

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      IRELAND AND REPEAL . We must refer our readers to our news columns for information of the progress of the Repeal agi " tation . In England , the matter is exciting serious apprehension and attention from all classes ; and the cry now is , not "what shall be done with Ireland ?" but " what shall be done for Ireland ! " And though , in the debate on the Arms Bill , Ministers made no promises , and the Whig press are , of course , big with denunciation on the matter , we opine that , in all probability , the sincerity of Mr .

      O'Connell and the Repeal leaders will be tested ere long . It 19 impossible for things to keep as they are : something must be done . And we shall not be at all surprised to find some means put in operation which ; it may be thought will serve as a sop to Cerberus . The people , English as well as Irish * will look anxiously on , in the meantime , and the result , if it be so , will shew the grade and status of the Irish mind . Of this may the Irish people rest satisfied : that no remedial measures short of

      Repeal , nor even Repeal itself unaccompanied by an universal participation in the right and power of Government will reach their wrongs and heal the crying wounds of their body , social and political .

      2to Beafcfjs Attir Sorrcsjkmti?Nt£.

      2 To Beafcfjs attir SorrcsjKmti ? nt £ .

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      PARTS OF THE WHOLE . Wa are of those who seldom feel surprised at any detail of atrocity committed under the present system of society . A system to be homogenous must have parts in clrrespendenee with its whole . The whole system of class legislation is one of rapine and cruelty . Its necessary results are an extinction of the moral feelings and of all the attributes which should distinguish between humanity and the predatory tribes of the ferocious "lower animals /' superinducing upon man their worst characteristics with all the fearful aggravations and refinements of ratiocination . Our knowledge of this inevitable working of the general principle , prepares « s therefore so folly for the instances which meet us

      continually , that they lose much , of the effect which they might otherwise produce upon our minds . Such tales of horror as are brought to light continually by the records of our Poor Law administration ; and the doings of our factory , farming , manufacturing , and magisterial lordlings , though they may excite our indignation , seldom call forth surprise . They are the sort of fungi that will always rise while the ulcer is permitted to remain uncleansed . We have given lately some prime specimens of gaol discipline , dietary , and management at Stafford , Northleach , Enutsford , and other places ; we now add another sample at Carnarvon . A poor fellow named Owen Davies was thus treated , acoording to the inspector ' s report ; from which it appears that : —

      " Ellen Davies called before the Inspector , deposes upon oath that her late husband , Owen Davies , a prisoner , complained during his illness of the gaoler George ' s treatment of him . It was about the beginning and middle of bis illness that be complained that ba did not get the meat that was fit for him . " I recollect bis Bending me to Dr . Roberts , the surgeon to the gaol , to say that he , Owen Davies , was very ill , and had great injustice done him in gaol ; that be took a great deal of physic , and bad not such food as a sick person could eat ; that he did hot think he should livelong ; that he told me , with tears inhia eyes , that George was starving him to death ; that he often said , when I was

      attending him in the hospital' Eiien , if I die here , remember I die from starvation and ill-treatment of the beginning of my illness . ' In her cross-examination by Mr . George her statements were not shaken ; she admitted that her husband had every attention during the latter part of his illness , and every thing a sick man could fancy or require ; but she added , ' If he bad been half as well attended to at first , I think he would have been better . ' The surgeon ' s evidence is confirmatory of this statement . He says : 'Owen Daviea frequently complained to me of the treatment he met with from George . George had used harsh language to aim , he said . I myself have heard George use harsh language to him : I have heard him say to him , in my presence , 'He is a d—d rascal ,

      and the greatest thief in the country . ' I recollect Owes Davies saying to me , that he considered George's severity would be the cause of bis death . After Ms removal to the hospital be complained to me about the diet ; he complained frequently that he did not act the diet I had ordered . 1 bad told George what Owen Davies ' sdiefc was to be . About six weeks after Owen Davies went to the hospital I said to George , * the mania dying , yoa should not speak harshly to him , ' George replied , ' He is a great rascal l You sap he is dying but he is a long lime about it'til The surgeon adds : I didnot enter these complaints in my journal , or report them to the visiting justices . I consider that if I bad reported Owen Davies ' s complaints about George to the justices , it would only have exasperated him more against Owen Davies . "'

      Such is the statement given by Mr . Pigou , in the Morning Chronicle , in his letter bearing date June 27 th , Mr . Pigou adds : — " I understand the gaoler is to be examined on these charges , of cruelty to criminals and lunatics ; of illegal punishment and forced labour to debtors ; of drunkenness ( nine charges in and out of the prison ) ; and of a decided partiality to cock-fighting , at the next quarter sessions , on the 29 th of this month ; that great interest is making throughout the county in favour of this exemplary gaoler , and that the "Thrashers" count upon as great a majority in his and their favour as their brethren in Cheshire secured for their champion , and against their chaplain , and as the Northleach " Thrashers" obtained for their surgeon .

      "' Thrice is he armed that hath his quarrel just ; and success is almost certain ; particularly as there fortunately is also a chaplain at Carnarvon as at Kuutsford , who may be offered up vicariously for the gaoler ; thus making the precedents tally : for this gentleman , without the fear of the Rev . Mr . Brown ' s fate , has had the conscience to depose that * he ( Owen Davis ) attributed the origin offils disease very much to George . ' Vce victo . Let him not repeat this testimony on the 29 th , or he may chance to lose his chaplaincy , and Mr . George may be confirmed in the exercise of bis mild authority . "

      No doubt it will be so . Such gaolers as this George are necessary to the system ; and while the system lasts there will be always plenty of them found to anticipate the bidding of the thugs who desecrate the magisterial bench . When the Charter becomes law , these atrocities will be no longer practicable ; for though the magistrates will then , as now , have power to control the gaolers , the people will have power also- to control tbe magistrates , and thus keep all right .

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      4 ; THE NORTHERJN STAR .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 1, 1843, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct657/page/4/