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THE NORTHERN STAR. SATURDAY, JULY 1, 1843.
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2To Beafcfjs attir SorrcsjKmti?nt£.
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Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.
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JjETTEBS EEOM THE HOUNT&J 8 B . XJX 6 X * KKIBS OP ZETIBBS 7 ZO 11 XS OLD MAJf 13 XKK cbCKiyr , TO A 5 OUKG MAX IK DTTKLIS . fjtara "The Beauties of tie 'Press : * " aselection of eriginal Article * * 2 ssq « , $ c , which originally appeared in the " Pfiiss" newspaper , established in Irekad hyjrihar O'Cooxor , qfler the forcible suppression of Hie Northern Star i > y the GoveramenLJ - IBIZEB JI . If thsbeartof Mr . PiUiBashMd bis nature as ma-Egnant , aiid ^ hiB talents as mlschisTona as someparty--wrlters suppose , such a system as I have described in my former letter , -was weD . adapted to iifl disposition and congenial to iis talents ; and sis ; hare imbibed nsv-sirnlEiieB inlis _ passage throngh the mMinzn of bis serimonioOBlidntL Tfe TiSl-consider the chief governors wiib-Trhlch he has fat oared Ireland , in such-a enrsorymacner , as if -we \ reie to loot at pictures in a
The name of Grenvilleifl ondnons to the British empire ; it imports the oppression , calamity , and alienation of its-dependencies . Had the noble cousin of the JtneHiierieen as firm and xesdnte , in tie direction of the swrm , as he had been skilful and sednlons , in the raising of the : wbirlwind , this country had borne- testimony iKk& ATrifcffru ) to the separating talents and maunmitfing hands of a feenviHe . The country seemed to thrive under pressnie , like the palm . It hwl manifested some predilection for freedom ; and in the glorious ara of the Yolunteers , obtained from the fears of the sister country , or , perhaps , torn her justice , some relaxation of ancient rigours . ! Ebe gentry bad , on that occasion , ranged themselves iy the add of the populace ; all this was imputed to
Ireland , not as sighteonsness , but as -unpardonable -guftl . The common modes of injnring ' the country seemedt * be Insufficient ; new sources of corruption -were to be opened ; tutw modes of estranging the sru loer&ey from'Hx 6 people -srere to bedeTiaed . liappeared to bean J effectual expedient ,-for this end to increase dissipation , extravagance , and consequent embarrass"mpirfc , urnrm g fhf » Signer-Jorders of the community . A young ' nobleruamraa selected for the station of chief igevemor , dissolute in bis manner of life and . profuse in Jub habits of erpsnse . Penrile Ie 7 ity , and thoughtless intemperance , ranging thro * every form of sensnal indnlgsnee , were joined , in him ,-with the gloss of youth , a fcenignity « f temper , and a gradons sanity of manners , that co-operated irith Mb exalted rank and situation , to lender fiee . eontagloBB and folly fashionable . 31 ms was tils snstoez&cy of Ireland corrupted and enslaved , and BenselessreTelry aridTnincHis expense , the-snre pierces of political , prostitution , "were universally disseminated
ajjisnobJeHjan 's dispoaitiQn Tras , I belieTe , naturally . good andnprigb ± ; l « rt his temper , his character , and pleasurable pnrsuitJ fitted w ^» to become *^ ft prey of A violent ana grasping faction / who pres 3 ed continually xm his soft and pliant nature , ind persuaded an incongfoflrnfe ind believing man , that they alese possessed Hie golden secret of government , -wbile they flattered his indolence and loYe of pleasure by promising to relieve Mm of aU the cares of Adnunstration , and to resign him to the nnmoiested enjoyment of his I&vourlte amuse Tnenta . - Mow commenced the motley goTernment of -c 2 eritf and aid-de-ousps ; and -fcce « ggr » nrHygmif > n t of an indiiidual , a JaxnDy , anS a faction , the most hateful and itated this country erer produced . Bet let us tread lightly on the ashes of the deceased , TM « nobleman bad many virtues j hia disposition "was generous ; his good QuaHties -were all Ids own , Ms faults were mostly those cf his advisers—yet he was the nncon-¦ dous infanment of iucnrable miichief to this land .
Behold a "different character . Plodding , without a bead for buatnessj -ricious , without a taste for pleasure ; fond of company , without good manners , or gojsd Batare ; joyless , yet dissipated ; dull , yet eccentric He SOBghi to promote , at the same instant , two discordant objects—the Increase of public jacflSgacy by the extension or prirate luxury , and the enlargement of a slender fortune by penurious accumulation . He united the ynflp andTanity ef ttie insolent nnedncated sobteman , "with . thBmBaaness and-rulgarity of the illiterate lowborn peasant , or ibs'XTJtfflew ' j clerk . He was a man take Mm for all in all , most eminently gifted by nature , sod accomplished by art , to excite contempt and hatred .
The conduct of the person I nave sow described , was Each as one might naturally cave expected . He repofeed Ids entire confident's in a man Hi-informed , violent , xaSi , rancorous and -rindictiTe . His measures was chaiaetgTi «« pf > by -strange inconsistency—an odious mixture -of tyranny and weakness—Irritation unprovoked , and cs&cessino . wi&DUt r * ^ iti "' T * A ^ one mement the -whole ariBtecracy of the country , with the first law authority of the land at their head ¦ were brought forward , to pledge their lives and fortunes in support of the Profestorf Ascendant ? 1 A ' few weeksioTled away ; and behold this golden image of adoration , this . Proiafani Ascendancy , ly ^ prostrate a * the feet of the mulfitude . 2 fow religious feuds trexe fomented by high authority , in the Northern parts of this Mana , at least , no soliettnde was ahewn J > y those who- had the power of repressing outrage at j&e itaww > yBwtfWin 1 a to -employ the Tnp ? T > g which they held in their lands , far the preservation of public
Older . If ow the spirit of rigorous coercion began to fierelope itself—a large stride "was m ^ e to the perpe > ^ nf j . Tfm of gngrances and abuses , and the denial of eran the-poor consdlafion of complaint , by the Convention SiO , which , howeyer it may be jostined on the plea of necessity , inflicts a severe wound on &Bj > redouB xights of »—tnfflfng and petitioning the Throne or the Parliament . " Had this man been permitted to remain longer in Ireland , the die t * V * been already cast—ihe disordsra of *?»¦ w ' "\ r y Jiad reached their crisf . He ttbb called away—and the erening lustre of faded beanty attended Ms departure ; jet , though recalled , te experienced jsnchaTeceptJon from a benign and gracious master , as plainly shewed that his conduct in this country was not , nnpleasing to the British Cabinet , or ffim Britaab , since it did sot preclude >» Tn from the nmahine of his royal master ' s approbation and couniemsnee . He consoled himself with the golden bar-TESi ,-from a sale of leyemona and a luaatiTe sinecure .
lie nobleman who was now nominated chief gorer-Sfl ^ jWEs ardently expected in this eoxmtry , aatbe mes-> 86 ^ r of peace and good "will among men . Ha -was rot a unned gamaster , or a beggarly ineombrance of the peerass . He did not solicit , the Ticeregal situation to lepair a mined fortune , otto aecamnlaie a new one ; for H > b TnaiTi ^ Tpnnry of a barren title , iy the plunder of -a wastedprBTince . The cignity was forced upon him ; fco-accepted iS / with a proud condesoennoii ; herelinqmstoa his home , and Ms domestic habits wiQizesret $ * romhimis ! ional and good men expected the moat salutary and heaSng measures . Ihey aw , that he pos-Best saeb . a large stake in the country he came , to gorern as mnrt powerfully lead him to seek and promote i ! s true mtereste—because in the prosperity of this
nation , ni « own la closely implicated . Tbisnobleman pondered his way before him ; he hesitated to accept the charge , like a man , who ccniiienscouly felt its weight andlmportance , andmeant to perform his duty faithfully . He had the leaders of the Irish opposition in London ; with them he consulted ; be stapuiated for specific meanaesandplsnaxy powers . Uoubts , delays , uegodations , andexplanfionssucfeeded ; at length the flmnessof Lord F . ^ aeeiBBfl to preTail He supposed himself , and this country , too , Eupposedhim , tobeinTeBtedwithauthori T mTTimJj ample , and adequate to the pacMcatien of Ireland . He came over full of benevolent and patrioBc aims . Tfa proposed system of this nobleman ¦ was to liaTe ^ nsacbea onV into twe great SB 68 of condnct—the TeTanning of inTeterat © abases , and the TemoTs ! of imberal and unconsUtntional complaints ;
OAex&eid lerrisTitowUndum fata jXegve-ultra essesixeTit How eoon , how fatally were the golden hopes of the nation blasted 1 Zhe redress and reform projected by -grin nobleman , and these who acted with him in thia eountry , required , and indeed of necessity brought -with them , the remoTal from power of a base and obscure faction , oDnaxkms to all good menz a faction which , wjihont personal dignity , or She weight of wealth or talents , had grown old and rich-in power , by the basest axts and the meet corrupt insLnnstaoD ; had lorded it orer the land-without control , - and spread its crooked and entanglbd xoota , in the dark , even to the basement
of the Britaah 32 irone . ZThe dismissal of the persons who composed this faction , waa sot only requisite to the safety and permanency of lord P . s administration , hot was a sacrifice doe to the outraged feelings of an oppressed and insulted people . 3 * ow was fe } t the force of tlie iccxims of hospitaliiy , and the ideas of a sepaxate EngiiBh interest , which 1 mentioned , in the com > HienceBient of these letters . The menaced faction had address to represent themselres as the mos ) staunch friends of the "Rngli ^ i interest in this country , lord F . ¦ waa Temoted , and tea xegret and gratitude of the people followed his good intentions .
It was plainly seen on what principle Lord-F . was retailed , li was bo other than the perpetuation of the sten and the measures which had Tendered the people \ of thiB country diasatisfled . It was seen , that the j blasted faction , which had degraded the aristocracy , ] and made the . honours of the Crows cheap and dis- i gr&ctful in Ireland , toy an open sale of peerages , and had boldly stowed in tie seat o ? legialatare , and in the face of the world , that Tenality and corruption were , and ought to be , the ruling principles andactiTe engines of aamiidstration- ; It was seen , fljat this wretehedasd TBinous c&bal had f onnd protectors in that closet which iufcexetresfc of Hiajesty , andthe known asylum of erery princely Tirtne . A Jnelancholyforebeding told iis , t >^ t thefiuccssor of IiOrdP . would come to fro snathe warm aqoratians of the people into silence—and like ( he fyran kw Irrecthijtg tf Vte Xorthy shst ail their lads from Vmcaa .
It is to be lamented , that daring the short appear- * nce of Lord P . above our horijson , the splendour of bis good intentions daisied the public eye . The gratitude rif frg aiMTmMTTmH pi ^ fpff-rtf y qt pgnlnfl expectations , and ¦ CT ^ mny afe » mBfnt 7 » t % T » f ~{ nyyM j tO their SDTereJgn , ¦ was antiapatea . A tirtnons -&esxy prevailed among -bb , and in the wild paroxysm of acknowledgment , lor benefits promised to be conferred , the sopplieswere profnseJy granted ; tssS preparations -were made for home dbfence , and nc Ineonsider&hle assistance of men " andmoney farnished to aid Britain in her wild crusade agairat the Jibertieg of Prance . 1 -will not say that tba "watchmen ql "the public weal-srere intaxicated at thtlr SSosts , "by lie tbtj nmes of the draught of powrj hetoe ; tbVcbalics touched theIr lips . Sot certair >' . yi would haTe been wise in the oppo ^ Uon mes ^ ez ? , wh (
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i then managed for lord P . in the House of Commons , had they been less conEdent andpredpltate ; it would haTebeenhappy for the country had they paused and waited : bo that redress and ' supply might hare adTancedhand in hand . Some doubt , some hesitation , some caution , was suggested by one or two of the members ; but how -were they treated ? Thefact was , tiiat certain distinguished members of opposition , one in particular , whose eloquent exertions in hercause , well deserved the liberal gratitude of an admiring eountry , did not for a moment lose sight of their own principles , the principles by which they had grown in the esteem of the people—they were seized with all the spirit of alarm that infected England , and worked up themselves to feel the lymphatic terrors of a Burke , and to possess an unlimited approbation of the present wicked and disastrous war !
It was plainly seen that the devoted character who should succeed to Lord Pitzwilliam , at this eventful an £ opprobrious period , would come over manacled with instructions and bound to move in trammels ; that he would be taught his lesson like a school hoy , and commanded to do all which his predecessor would have left undone ; and to leave undene all which Ms predecessor would have done—in fine that the sew Chief Governor must sell and commit himself , body and soul , by importunity to the fool fiend of that factJoH which bad rode the harassed land , like an Incubus , to the verge of a precipice . Yet a Nobleman was found who willingly ; devoted himself , and with a hardihood equal to that of Curliia , plunged into a gulf of j peril . A
private tutor , or Mayor de Palais , was assigned to this Ticeroy , Faineant , as the Governor of our Chief Governor , a man of some character for } a resolute temper and political dexterity . How did the new administration prepare to meet a disappointed and irri tated nation ? Not with lenient measures of concilia tion , but with unmerited chastisement , and the menacing brow of stern defiance . Pains "was at first taken by the Right Hon . Secretary to disseminate an opinion , that the old task-masters of Ireland were allowed no influence in the councils of the new cabinet ; bat the close and intimate connection which subsisted with that party , did not at any time allow ! the most orednlons to give implicit credit to this assertion , and it Boon became impossible to retain the mask .
I have premised this rapid sketch of some past administrations , that yon might the more easily comprehend the scope and maxims of the present system . With one solitary exception you perceive that an adherence to tbeEnglish interest , as itis universally called , is the mling principle in them all . It is under a pretence of maintaining this interest , that a set of men equally deficient in talent and in honesty , block up the avenues to the castle , retain those who arei entrusted with the helm of this country in a state of xtegB ; keep honest and moderate men at a distance ; stigmatizs the warning voice of truth and sincerity as the guilty murmur of discontent and faction , and prescribe many cf the most zealons friends and supporters of monarchy , who have been marked out as disaffected persons , because they wffl not express a blind and implicit confidence in the virtue and abilities of the present Ministry . : I am yrars , MONTANUS .
The Northern Star. Saturday, July 1, 1843.
THE NORTHERN STAR . SATURDAY , JULY 1 , 1843 .
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THE PROSPECTS OF OUR CAUSE . Odb Glasgow correspondent , with the shrewd penetration and cool-headed good sense for which his countrymen are famed , takes the following retrospect of the state of Chartism in his district : — " To those who have paid dose attention to ah the circumstances connected with the Movement from its commencement , it must have been clear that a calm would inevitably follow the stonn of August last . The people jwere dnped . Advantage was taken of their ardour in the cause . Those whose
only object was to live npon the movement through ingenuity and falsehood , succeeded for a time ; and as a natural consequence the enthusiasm of those who had been victimised was turned into bitter disappointment . In almost nineteen cases ont of every twenty these were onr best men : however , matters are now promising to assume a healthy tone once more . Many who for sometime past have remained inactive are again tallying round the standard of our country ' s freedom and the poor man ' s only hope . " We take this to be a most accn-nla arid
welldrawn picture of the "state of things" not only in Glasgow , but through the whole country . The spirit of the people is rising above the ; "heavy blow and sore discouragement" -trhieb it received from hands who were indebted to the people for their power to wonnd . The object must sow be to prevent a similar relapse : to go on steadily , and consistently , and soberly for the time to come . We hope this may be done . It depends on the people ' s own prudence . They shall not lack the best counsel we can give them : and they have never yet known us either to give rash counsel , or to " run away" from the consequences of our counsels , — having led them into a ditch , and left them in it .
Our success is in our prudence and our perseverance . We have great pleasure in reiterating Mr . O'Coshob ' s cautions to the people in his letter of thiB present week . They are necessary , and muBt be attended to . Had our counsels been heeded in August last , the " backflniag" which our agitation has received would have been saved . There are plenty of such fellows as those 0 'Cojmon speaks of , hanging upon the people ' s skirts . There-always have been . We know one skulking scamp who lives on fiie movement—who has long lived on it—and who , though an excellent workman with a good
y trade , tnilnol noori ; who has leu more than one situation , for no other reason than because he preferred living on the people to living by his own labour , and who , on the 18 th of August last , assembled a somber of poor fellows , —who thought him honest and valorons enough to be a leader , —on a certain moor ; and after having given them : a most exaggerated and lying statement of the doings at the Manchester Conference , said : "Now the first thing you must do iB to go and fire the Mayor ' s house "; and after a portion more of like good advice , he appointed them to meet him there at four
' in the afternoon of the same day , having in the meantime ** b * at np the surrounding Tillages and mustered a force of at least four thousand , when he would be there to consult with them , to lead them , and " go to work . " The poor fellows went away to the neighbouring villages j they " beat op " for recruits ; they mustered a good many hundreds ; they kept their appointment on the moor ; but there wasno leader ! his courage had oozed out in the meantame ! and he had sought the safety of his own Bcamp ' s-carcase by getting out of the district ; while , instead of the valiant Chartist leader , they found
ready for their reception a body of police , whom they very wisely spared the trouble of dispersing them , by making off as fast as possible . What connection , or whether any connection , might have subsisted between his getting out of the way , and the police getting into the way , we neither know nor care : but this we know , that the fool-braggartness which leads a man to love " splutter and splash ; " the craven-heartedness which makes him desert the men he has broug&t into danger , and the black villainy which -weald induce him to sell them if he could get a bidder , are
very near relatives . They are like pleasure and pain—almost the shadow of each other ; when one is seen you may be sure the other is not Tar off . If the people wish success for their cause they must trust no man who has anything to say to them that may not be said in the hearing of the v / hole world . They must have no secret proceedi ' ags—no matters to account for which cannot be es plained . They must trust no man who fears to tatr . e the consequences to which he would invite their , —who shrinks- from the
sodding of his own pluB 7 . es . They must' trust so man who shall in any rvsy suggest to them a going beyond the law—or air j measure which most lead to it if persisted in . Tb . ey must ensconce themselves in the firm enclosure , of high principles strict justice , increasing vigUarySe , watchful penetration , and cool perseverance . II they do this we shall then rejoice that even the Strike Plot and many previous matters have had their uses in the opening of-theireyes , and we shall -consider our cause in a much more hopeful condition than we have ever yet seen it . I
It " is time that our organization had some attentio-j paid to it . We see that Mr . O'Coknob . recommends the election of a new Executive ; Several i bodies of the people have also urged the ' necessity I of this course . We hope certainly that ; if we do hare a new Executive , we shall have one who will
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organize the people , instead of living on them . We are for no more paid men , exoept a Secretary ; who most havejsome little qualification for his office . For our own part , we think the adoption of a plan of organization ! should precede the eleotioa of an Executive . We have no organization , nor we never have had one . I It is high time we shoald . We never Bhall bej able to have one , until we can get into a position to take advantage of the law instead of haying always to evade it . We caa never do this , in the ! present state of the law , without making the basis of our Society wider , and its objects
more comprehensive , and , at the same time , more specifics , than we ever yet have done . This may be done as well as not ; and this is the thing for the people to consider before they elect an Executive . Organization is a subject of the last importance to our movement . : We have by us a number of communications from a great variety of talented , shrewd men in the Movement , which we have reserved for the purpose of j bringing them at one view before the people , thai they may take into consideration the multitude of counsels , and , if possible , extract wisdom from them .
We shall next week give all these communications ; not , it may be , in tbe words of the several writers , but in as small a space as possible , bringing their ideas before the people—and we shall hereafter give our own view of the whole matter : of the form which our society ought to assume—the objects it ought legally to have— -the organization and government it thus may hare—and the results which must flow from them if rightly carried out . We have no
purpose to dictate on the matter ; but we scorn the 11 erj" of " dictation . " The people have a right to oar opinion , and they shall have it . They may set what estimate they please upon it—that shall not prevent our giving it them . We live not to please them , but to serve them ; with their own aid when we can , because so much the more efficient does our service then become ; but without , when we honestly believe them to be " standing in their own light . "
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" REBECCA" IN WALES . Ik another part of this sheet we have inserted , from the Times , extracts from a series of articles , which have appeared in that journal ; and which are worthy of serious consideration . To them we invite special attention . In that paper of Wednesday there is another from the pen of the same writer , revealing more of the causes that have led to the strong manifestations of dissatisfaction with "things as they are" lately made in Welshland . His details are most important ; showing , as they do , the effects of the " Free-Trade Tariff" upon the prices of agricultural produce .
And we must remember when reading those details , that what the writer describes as the effect in Wales of the "Free-Trade" measures , is , in minature , what has taken place all over the kingdom . Before the next winter is over , it is much if we don't Bee " Rebecca ' in other places than Camarthen ! The farmers of England can not pay their share of the £ 60 , 000 , 000 a-year taxation , with fixed rents and tithes , and increasing rates , while wheat is at 6 s . a bushel I butter at 6 ^ d . perib ! cheese at 2 | d . per lb 1 ! and two-year old cattle , which used , only two years ago , to feteh £ 8 each , Belling now for £ 3 !!! Rare "Free Trade , this ! Rare for the
taxeater 2 ! But if this state of things be not soon altered , " Rebecca" will have ; a roving commission ; and we shall hear of her doings nearer home than Carmarthen in Wales ! And how can they be altered , but by " repealing the £ 60 , 000 , 000 a-year taxation ; and re-adjusting it on the principle of equity and right ! Bat who , of all our " Statesmen (!)" , dare propose such a measure ? Who , amongst them all , dare tackle it ? Who dare to propose to deal with the debt 1 Who dares advocate an EtjoiTABLB Adjustment 1 Which of them
wishes any such thing ? No one 1 The £ 60 , 000 , 000 a-year will continue . The low price of agricultural produce will continue also ; for it is impossible to get prices up again , save by an utter failure of harvests , or by an issue of One PoundNote * inconvertible into Gold I - And who dare propose to take that step 1 Who \ but crack-skulled Attwood aud MuNTZ , of Birmingham 2 Dare Pebi , propose it ? Shade of Cobbett haunt him if he does J Where ib the Gbidihom ! O J what a" feast" we will havel
Lowness of prices must continue . Nay , prices must get lower . It is ** the spirit of the age" to reduce them . But Tithes axe a fixed burden on the Land . Refits cannot be reduced , because of the ** Mortgages , * and the ** Marriage Settlements f Rates host increase ; the " recklessness" and " don't care what they do" will increase also ; and " Rebecca" will have " plenty-to-do" 1 I I The " Free Trade" Tariff will play up before it iB done with , unless the £ 60 , 090 , 000 a-year be reduced to £ 4 , 000 , 000 . This it meet assuredly will not be ; and THE THING will either have to go to . pieces ,
like a ship upon the rocks ; or the " recklessness " of " Rebecca" must so operate on the fears of our " Statemen , " as to induce them to give way , not only on the Poor Law , bnt on all our fiscal arrangements , and ; " final" Btateof the Representation ! " If , " to paraphrase the language of the Times ; "if manifestations of popular vengeance should induce eur ^ Statesmen'to look the difficulties of THE THINSifully in the face , and apply the only adequate remedy , the time may oome when we shall have to thank even * Rebecca and her Daughters '"!! If they should not have this effect , nothing can save THE THING from destruction .
To the following article we direct the attention of every one who is anxious to know of the causes that are bringing the Farmers of Wales into the fi « ld of fight , with asks in their hands , to upset tell-bar e , and pull down Union Workhouses . He will soon see , that something more than filling Wales with troops , must be done , to enable the Farmers to pay Taxes Tithes , and Rent , and live , with Wheat at six shillings a-busiiel ! " Since ay last communication to yoa on Saturday night , I bftve met ) numbers of Rebeccaitw , and conversed witn several respectable farmers engaged in tbe outrage at tbe Carmarthen workhouse on . Monday last .
One intelligent farmer , who informed me that be was actnally inside the workhouse gates when tbe dragoons charged amongst them , and who got outside in tbe confusion , stated to me that he was compelled , most unwillingly , to goi these ; for , having refused to join one of the toll bar expeditions , he bad bis stable fired , and a threat was held out to him that if he did not join the procession oo Monday last , his boose would be destroyed . He accordingly did join tbe procession , bat refused to disguise himself by turning bis coat and blacking his face , as they wished him . His statement fully bore out my first communication to you , that the distress of the small farmers is at the bottom of all the
mischief . By his account , never over well off , Shey have now . by the ; depreciation of prices , AND THE UNABATED AJ 1 OUNT OF RENTS , AND TITHES , AjfO TAXES , and the increased amount of pooi-rai ^ s and tolls , become at : last hopeiem and utterly reckless . £ wo years ago , ' said he ; * the price of oate in this county was 2 a . 6 d . the Winchester bushel , now tbe farms * can only get Is . 6 d . and la . 8 d . The regular price of barley was two years ago 4 s . a bushel , and sometimes they were enabled to sell it aB high as' 5 s . and 5 s . 6 d . ; now they can only get 3 s ., and were frequently compelled in winter to sell it for 2 b- 6 d . a bushel . The average price of wheat was about S 3 . a bushel : now the price is 6 s . ; butter , which
used to sell at 8 jd . and 9 d . per lb ., is now selling at 6 id . ; cheese , which used to fetch 4 d . per lb ., now sells at 2 | d . Two-year old cattle , which two years ago used tof&tcb £ & apiece , are now selling at 60 s ., and you may pick the very" best for £ 3 . Colts rising two years old , -which formerly , readily fetched £ 8 or £ 9 each , now cannot be sold for more than £ 3 . ' This state of things he attributed partly to the operation of the New Tariff , bat principally to the depressed state of the Glamorganshire iron -works throwing numbers of men out of employment , ^ nd decreasing the amount of agricultural produce required . Whilst the tithes , which have been very generally commuted in this comity tmdei
the late Titoe Commutation Act , and 'which were calculated en the former price of agricultural produce , SOW REMA 1 K A jjJXED BDRDEN UPON THK LAND the price of produce being decreased one-third and sow ^ . times one-half ; aj » d kknts have wot mhW m AST deGbee WHATEVER . The conseqnence jg , $ © quote bis own eipressive -words , * THB FARMERS ARE GOING TO NOTHING , EVERY ONE OF THEM ! THEY jABE GETTING BEOJ ^ LESS , AND a > 0 NTCARE "WHAT THEY DO I r Oa Monday last , " [ said he , great numbers of them ttfjm theihttls joined I the mob and procession into Car marthen , armed with : acitbes fixed on sticks , 59 ( 1 r jas and weapons of all
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kinds , hundreds and hundreds of them ; but they listened ] to the advice of a respeotaWe farmer , who addredBedjthea , and prayed them , for Ood ' a rake , to leave them atone of the villages they passed through or he could not tell what would have been the result when the soldier * attacked them / Bat their chief and prominent cause of grievanceiia tbe toll-bat tax . It is now impossible to get to AbergvrUly , for instance , a distance of afx mile * from where we ware then standing , without paying three- tttrnpifces—a tax on the farmer who goes there with ihis cart and two horses with hte market produce of 9 d ., when often , ' aaid he
• the farmer baa not fid . in his poefcet to pay it with it is too jhardj we can't bear it . ' ' " The landlords also must now begin to feel the depression ; Another farmer informed me that he -was tns steward of a landowner of Carmarthen , who owns an eaUte of nominally £ 4 , 000 a year rent-roll , bat who , said be , ffor the last two yeM * . has not received the greater part of his rents ; he is a good landlord , and did not | press bis tenants ; but , said he , 'if he were now to distrain for ( hem , he would get nothing , unless he sold their cows , which they live by , and their working horses . '
" I endeavcared te ascertain tbe cause ef the attack on the workhouse of Carmarthen from several of the farmers , land from some who were even present at it . Generally they said , Oh , we did not Intend it at all , but W 8 re urged forward by the Carmarthen mob . ' One farmer who appeared perfectly impartial , and very intelligent , and of whom I asked tbe cause of the unpopularity of tbe workheuae , toUl me , and from all I can gather I think it is the truth , that the poor of Carmarthen are opposed to tbe New j Poor Law because they are badly used ; that they have not enough food ; that they are ^ separated from their wives aud families , and kept as in a prison ; but tbe shopkeepers and farmers of the pariah , who have the rates to pay , upboidit because they pay Slew poor rates . * t myself / said he , ' saved last year l £ 27 in peor rates , which I paid lees than I
did formerly for my farm close to Carmarthen , and generally ; poor-rates for the tbwn of Carmarthen are twenty per cent . less now than they used to be ; but , said he , 'I have another fartUjj at some distance from the town ; in another and rural ; parish , belonging to the same union , in which the poor-rates are more than doubled , ! and tbe farmers there comphin that tbe management of their own poor is taken out of their own bands , and that they are compelled to pay others to do this duty ; for them , But why should I , as ratepayer / said he , ' wish to pull down the workhouse , which has only just been built at the costof the ratepayers ? There is no sense in doing that . Bat il was the poor farmers , who are grown reckless and can pay nothing , and do not care what they do , led on by tbe Carmarthen mob , who were ready to pull down the workhouae , ox do anything else . ' - ¦'¦ ¦ ¦
•' The country , in the day time , appears perfectly quiescent At night , however , the small farmers on the I hills assemble together and appear pefectly organized for any mischief ; and those , farmers who have a slake in the country are afraid xhax 1 NCENDIAR 13 M WILL BE COMMON 1 " On @unday tbe Earl of Cawdor and Colonel Powell , lord lieutenant of tbe county ; of Pembroke , arrived here at the request of the Government " A bedy . of marines are marching from Pater to Newcastle Emlyn , and Colonel Love is disposing tbe troops in various , parts of the county , so as to be ready to march on any part attacked .
" Yesterday the troop of the 4 th Dragoons marched from here to Newcastle , and I believe it to be the commanding j officer ' s intention to be continually moving the troops about , so as to prevent the Insurgents from knowing at what Bpot they may find them . " In the mean time , every day brings fresh accounts of gates being thrown down . Ob Friday night four were palled down within two miles of Cardigan , and on Saturday three near Abergwilly . la fact , a general feeling of apprehension prevails thai the destruction of private property wilt follow the present toll-bar outrages . "A lessee of eleven toll-bars on the Cardigan trust states , that ten of them have been thrown down . "
To the working people we have one word to say in reference to these Rebecca riots . Let them alone . Have nothing to do with them . Let the middle class men fight their ovrn battles and take their own risk . Those farmers who now feel "the pressure of the times" are tbe very fellows who would have ridden down , trodden down , and sabred dewn , you at any moment , in any effort for your own rights . They now | seek to involve you in the meshes of this lawless struggle merely to make " oat's paws" of you . They will use yoa to work their mischievous purposes ; and then , whether , their project hit or miss , they will lend themselves to Government for your destruction—and , as jurymen , will be the first to send you by scores to prison ; and to the hulks , for helping them . There is a marvellous similarity
between these " Rebecca' riots and the Strike Plot of last year in England * Be not befooled . Let the sorrow and misery of your English brethren ' s experience teach yon wisdom . Should any of your own rank and party tempt yon to have any , the least , communication with " Rebecca , " be sure that those who do aojare knaves or fools , or both at the same time . That "Rebecca" will progress we can have no doubt ; because we know that the hand of faction will not slacken its gripe ; and it is the nature of all evil to beget its like , though not always in precisely the same form ; but we bid the people note that they will never get good from violence . In all battleB tbe blows will Come to their share , while their friends " the middle class sympathisers , will carry off the prizes , and : add more blows to their portion . Thus it ever was , and thus it ever will be .
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« extensio ( n of commerce . " " high wages ! AND PlJeNTY TO DO !" Eveby week and day that passes over brings with it new instances o £ the affection of the people ' s friends among the middle classes , for the amelioration of their sufferings . Every body knows how fall of patriotism and philanthropy the Extension . of Commerce men have-always been ! How anxious they have been to get the Corn Laws off , that the poor might have " cheap bread , high wages , and
K—„ , _ ... what earnest elognence . their privations , under the ! depressed state of commerce , were set forth and insisted on . Well ; the corn laws are not repealed , but ] trade is better ; much better : orders are brisk and mills are required to work fall time ; indeed we had ! it from a large tradesman but a week or two ag < , that "there never was a better trade than now . " And what do we new hear of the philanthropists—the " cheap bread aud high wages" men ! Why , that , having failed in their purpose of intimidating the Government through the Strike-Plot of . last year , they are now seeking their " extended" profits in further reductions of the miserable wages of the
operatives whose condition they so pathetically deplore at public meetings . At a recent meeting in Manchester one ofHhe speakers related the fact of Mr , "Cheap-Bread" Cobdek having reduced his block printers to the tune W five pence in each one shilling and sixpence they earn !! This announcement excited a strong sensation of disgust at the conduct of tbe fellow , who during his perambulations through the country has been professing the greatest sympathy for the starving operative ; ascribing all their sufferings to the Corn Laws and the tyranny of the aristocracy ; holding up himself and hia manufacturing brethren as the very essence of philanthrophy ; and who , in the ; midst of all this hypocritical whining , unjustly deprives those who are dependant on him for employment of almost one third of
their entire earnings !! At Leicester , it seems that similar proceedings are going on at the same time . On the 19 th instant , a deputation of workmen went , in a respectful and orderly manner , to the different glove manufactories , soliciting their Wners to give the same rate of wages as agreed to in the month of May last , which was a redaction of nine per cent , on the wages of last year . Messrs . Bai lev , Cook , Warner , Mills , Howe , Thorpe , Richards , Prestos , and Bhamf-TON , all agreed to give the price : but on soliciting the Messrs . Biggs , Mr . William , the present Mayor ; —tbe concocterof the * f Midland Counties Charter " :
the great " Reformer j of the House of Lords" ; the mighty agitator for a Repeal of the Corn Laws ; the supposed philanthropist ; the great teacher of equality ; the man who , in 1832 , harangued the people on the Reform Bill , aud told them to prepare themselves to march to Birmingham : yes ' ; this man told the deputation "he should hold no conference with them ; aud if they broke the peace , by committing acts of vagrancy , or anything else , he should punish them to the utmost rigour of the law / ' The deputation wanted to reason with him . He haughtily returned for answer , " you have heard what I have said ; yon know what I mean ; you can ao . "
Our correspondent , from whose communication we have quoted the foregoing setting forth of facts , tells us , that ** the reduction RUt offers is about twentyfive per cent , less than the hands received last year ! * Other Corn Law Repealing firms were visited with no better effect . Thus has it ever been , and thus will it ever be while the infernal system lasts ! No change of times for better ever betters the condition of the poor workman ; but ho is incessantly made to put bis shoulder under the full weight of everv extra pressure .
Simultaneously with these proceedings of the " friends of the working men" in Cheshire and Lei : OBStershire , we learn from another correspondent that a Coal Owner of Staffordshire notoriety—tbe identical same Coal Owner who produced all the disturbances , in that district , of last year—and for which disturbances poor Cooper is now being immolated—has given notice of a reduction throughout his collieries of fourpence a * day !! bringing the poor wretches to wear out their lives in the bowels of the earth , amidst sulphurous fumes , and surrounded by ontold dangers , for bigbtken-pencb a-day I While the Messrs . Grace , Cab , and Co ., in another part of the kingdom—at their immense * collieries at
Reckmgton , in the Newcastle district—have perpetrated npon their men , one of the most heartless oppressions that we have erer heard of , even in the annals of" Friends to the poorf ' . This matter is deserving of a passing notice , and we entreat our readers to give it one . They will all remember the awful explosion in the King Pit , recorded in the Star at the beginning of last April . Just at that time these conscientious g ^ fctlemenjhad contracted with a number of workmen for twelve months ; the terms of the agreement being , that those poor men should on no account work for any body else during the twelve months i and also that as many of them as should absent themselves from labour
during that period , should forfeit to the masters two shillings and sixpence for every day so lost . After the dreadful catastrophe of the 5 th of April , the men , of coarse , felt some hesitation at risking their lives until the ; should leant that tbe- pit was safe ; they proposed , therefore ! , th © very reasonable expedient of an examinationj by competent and disinterested parties . This the Ghristiaa-mmded middle class " friends tethe poor" refused to accede to ; and the men have consequently been out from that time to the 22 ad inst . ; ten weeks having been lost fa . the unreasoning ,, reckless obstinacy of the masters , and four more m v « ntilatins ; the pit to-make it workable ;
during all which time these poor men areijing idle , and tboir philanthropic and Christian-like employers , who would Barely have- imprisoned them bad they taken a day ' s work fan any other party ., refuse to give them a farthing of ] wages for their Lost time ! We bear that the moni who are all now at work , intend to proceed against these fellows at the assizes for the amount of the . wages due to them ; or rather for the amount of the 2 s . 6 d . per day profit upon
their labour , which by their indentures they must have paid to Messes . Grace , Cabr , aad Co ., if the time bad been lost by their fault : and we do hope most earnestly that they will be universally aided by their fellows in the struggle . It is only in united exertion that the people can find any efficient substitute for that just power of action which they ought to have , and which they must never rest until they do have ; for until then will they always find their energies full tasked for the correction of the grievious evils which the system brings into operation .
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THE FACTORY BILL , AND THE HYPOCRITICAL DISSENTERS . As we welt knew , and stated at tbe first burst of holy indignation agaiast the Factory Bill of Government , the battery was nearly masked by opposition to the Educational Glauses ; while the real animus of the entire opposition was directed against , the protection clauses , whioh the canting eowards dared not to openly attack . Tbe Educational Clauses have been withdrawn entirely j but the BiH is no more palateable yet I It is as bad a BilL as
ever ! The Mawworms and the Cantwells are &S loud in their abuse of it now , as before their withdrawal . ** Net >» t ; " brother Patriot ; and tb « Rev . Mr . M AssiB . as tub-thumping corporal , still pipe their whistles lustily ; and Nonoon . beats a small tattoo in concert , though he corrects one or two- of the most dissonant of their false aotes . Hereafter we we shall take the trouble of giving these " sings " one more pickling . For the present tbls notice must suffice ; just to inform them that wo rfo M see them erawl . "
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Mb . O'Connor's Visit to Hitll and Leeds . —When Mr . O'Conner wrote to Mr . West , of Hull , saying that he would visit Hull on Friday next , it was under the impression that he would have to '¦ lecture , according to former arrangement , at Leeds , on Tuesday and Wednesday next . These lectures , however , have had to be postponed ^ till Monday and Tuesday fortnight , inconsequence of the building where they are to he delivered being undergoing repair . Mr . G'Connosr will , therefore , not visit Hull until after he fms been to Leeds ; and of which timely notice will be ¦ given in the Star .
Victim Fvxd . —A balance-sheet has been forwarded ^ from Friday , May 36 / A , to Wednesday , June 2 \ stfrom which it seems that the Committee have received , from various parties , £ 5 16 * . llid . ; end that their disbursements have' been £ 5 11 s . Whd . —leaving in the hands of the Treasurer , 4 s . Id . The Committee request all per' sons fi ' iviny out bonks to bring or send them in every week , on a Wednesday evening , at eight o ' clock , at the Hall , Turnagain-lane . Art ^ ob Augustine Mag be — We cannot insert th *
. address sent us from the Repealers of Carlisle U Mr . O'Oonnell . It would be better suited to the columns of the Nation , or some other Irishpaper . The Northern Scar gives as much intelligence of the Reppal movement as practicable ^ , but the insertion of addresses , such as this would exclude from its columns the reports nf meetings , which are more interesting to the general reader . Wilmah Tolbert , BiKJHNCHAK .- ^ -Tre have a distinct knowledge of the language he Quotes having . been used by the Corn Law RefKaliitg Fitzwilliah , in his place in the House t but cannot aid him to the date . The same Fitzwilliam has been enabling his tenantry te meet the Free-trade Tariff- caused low price of agricultural produce by increasing their rents ! The reason assigned for this course on the part of the ** noble" Earl is that the electors of the West Riding rejected Am son at the last election . Parliamentary seats and influence have , it seems , bevn purchased , by low rents ; at least the " Eart" seems to have deemed them low . Unless , however , that Parliamentary influence is submissively afforded \ the prto « is to be withheld .
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MATERIALS FOR A " CASE" AGAINST IRELAND . The English Press are circulating the following as " a . sample of the poetical effusions , now in very general circulation among the 'finest peasantry' : "— i 'Then Lather ' s generation will take a speedy flight , And go into Hanover ia lands of ; tweet delight ; . Oar enemies must cut their eticka , and leave this fertile land ; For it -was decreed that Luther's breed should fall by God's command . Onr clergymen they will attend , while blood runs in their veins , - And Etiu ' s sons , with pike and guns , will chase them like the Danea . "
Let not the reader laugh at this " weak invention ofthe , eneipy . " 'The Whig Irish Coercion Bill was justified , and PASSED , by a House of Commons , having a majority of 200 Reform members , on le $ grounds tjian the foregoing ¦ " poetical effasion"ii Lord Stanley was then Irish Secretary ; and he brought into the House the ^ offiofel Red Box * . " filled , as be said , with the evidence upon whioh he relied for the passing of the Bill whioh the Whig Government had prepared to put down the Repeal agitauoa . ¦ He opened his box * and produced bis evidence . It consisted wholly and solely , of am otd songttt than which the above "poetical effusion "
contains a . thousand times more " sedition , " and a thousand times more u treason" and causa for alarm ! The " old song" gaate has been tried before ! and it answered t On the evidence afforded by that " old song , " did the " Reformed House of Commons , " pass a law making it transportation for auy , one to be found out of his bouse ( cabin !) after sun-set !! and on the evidence afforded by that same , song ., did the English " Reforming" Press suppors the Legislative Reformers in their atrocious act against public liberty t There is , therefore , more thau moets the eye , in this " old song" story , now so industriously circulated .
We have noted , most minutely , tbe great difference m the tone of the Whig prers during the present Repeal agitation , from that which it bore in 1833 . Then it was treascn . Then it was unjustifiable . Then it must be put down by the strong arm of the law . Now , it is not even condemned ;! or , if so , in accents so mild , that they amount to an encouragement . What is the reason of the change 1 The Whigs abb opt ! Were the Whigs iii , the Lee ^ Mercury would again begin
to sneer at " King , Dam" ; and justify another Irish Coercion j Act ! The Whig& ark Got ; ; and the Whig press p ^ ves the present agitation a sort of countenance . , in the hope teat it will eventuate in seating the , Whigs agaiu on the Treasary Beaches , where tbiy * mow they will be : sure of the aid of the Tories in \ putting the agitation datm ; and in sendin fr * he iWiEXiBUS agitators ! to cool their corns in ar 4 ur , geon , while the flexible and useful ones are W . ? arded for their labours !
The onlt hopk the RepbaLbbs can have for success is to keep thb Whigsoot ! ! See whatexcellent oppositionists they make ;! Look at the Arms Bill . Tliat measure would have been through both Houses Jong since , had the Whigs been in , with the Tories at their back to carry it ! Keep them in opposition ! and you will thwart the Minister , and procure Repeal J Lee ; the Whtg 3 again into office , ajfci awaylgoes every hope for success I
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IRELAND AND REPEAL . We must refer our readers to our news columns for information of the progress of the Repeal agi " tation . In England , the matter is exciting serious apprehension and attention from all classes ; and the cry now is , not "what shall be done with Ireland ?" but " what shall be done for Ireland ! " And though , in the debate on the Arms Bill , Ministers made no promises , and the Whig press are , of course , big with denunciation on the matter , we opine that , in all probability , the sincerity of Mr .
O'Connell and the Repeal leaders will be tested ere long . It 19 impossible for things to keep as they are : something must be done . And we shall not be at all surprised to find some means put in operation which ; it may be thought will serve as a sop to Cerberus . The people , English as well as Irish * will look anxiously on , in the meantime , and the result , if it be so , will shew the grade and status of the Irish mind . Of this may the Irish people rest satisfied : that no remedial measures short of
Repeal , nor even Repeal itself unaccompanied by an universal participation in the right and power of Government will reach their wrongs and heal the crying wounds of their body , social and political .
2to Beafcfjs Attir Sorrcsjkmti?Nt£.
2 To Beafcfjs attir SorrcsjKmti ? nt £ .
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PARTS OF THE WHOLE . Wa are of those who seldom feel surprised at any detail of atrocity committed under the present system of society . A system to be homogenous must have parts in clrrespendenee with its whole . The whole system of class legislation is one of rapine and cruelty . Its necessary results are an extinction of the moral feelings and of all the attributes which should distinguish between humanity and the predatory tribes of the ferocious "lower animals /' superinducing upon man their worst characteristics with all the fearful aggravations and refinements of ratiocination . Our knowledge of this inevitable working of the general principle , prepares « s therefore so folly for the instances which meet us
continually , that they lose much , of the effect which they might otherwise produce upon our minds . Such tales of horror as are brought to light continually by the records of our Poor Law administration ; and the doings of our factory , farming , manufacturing , and magisterial lordlings , though they may excite our indignation , seldom call forth surprise . They are the sort of fungi that will always rise while the ulcer is permitted to remain uncleansed . We have given lately some prime specimens of gaol discipline , dietary , and management at Stafford , Northleach , Enutsford , and other places ; we now add another sample at Carnarvon . A poor fellow named Owen Davies was thus treated , acoording to the inspector ' s report ; from which it appears that : —
" Ellen Davies called before the Inspector , deposes upon oath that her late husband , Owen Davies , a prisoner , complained during his illness of the gaoler George ' s treatment of him . It was about the beginning and middle of bis illness that be complained that ba did not get the meat that was fit for him . " I recollect bis Bending me to Dr . Roberts , the surgeon to the gaol , to say that he , Owen Davies , was very ill , and had great injustice done him in gaol ; that be took a great deal of physic , and bad not such food as a sick person could eat ; that he did hot think he should livelong ; that he told me , with tears inhia eyes , that George was starving him to death ; that he often said , when I was
attending him in the hospital' Eiien , if I die here , remember I die from starvation and ill-treatment of the beginning of my illness . ' In her cross-examination by Mr . George her statements were not shaken ; she admitted that her husband had every attention during the latter part of his illness , and every thing a sick man could fancy or require ; but she added , ' If he bad been half as well attended to at first , I think he would have been better . ' The surgeon ' s evidence is confirmatory of this statement . He says : 'Owen Daviea frequently complained to me of the treatment he met with from George . George had used harsh language to aim , he said . I myself have heard George use harsh language to him : I have heard him say to him , in my presence , 'He is a d—d rascal ,
and the greatest thief in the country . ' I recollect Owes Davies saying to me , that he considered George's severity would be the cause of bis death . After Ms removal to the hospital be complained to me about the diet ; he complained frequently that he did not act the diet I had ordered . 1 bad told George what Owen Davies ' sdiefc was to be . About six weeks after Owen Davies went to the hospital I said to George , * the mania dying , yoa should not speak harshly to him , ' George replied , ' He is a great rascal l You sap he is dying but he is a long lime about it'til The surgeon adds : I didnot enter these complaints in my journal , or report them to the visiting justices . I consider that if I bad reported Owen Davies ' s complaints about George to the justices , it would only have exasperated him more against Owen Davies . "'
Such is the statement given by Mr . Pigou , in the Morning Chronicle , in his letter bearing date June 27 th , Mr . Pigou adds : — " I understand the gaoler is to be examined on these charges , of cruelty to criminals and lunatics ; of illegal punishment and forced labour to debtors ; of drunkenness ( nine charges in and out of the prison ) ; and of a decided partiality to cock-fighting , at the next quarter sessions , on the 29 th of this month ; that great interest is making throughout the county in favour of this exemplary gaoler , and that the "Thrashers" count upon as great a majority in his and their favour as their brethren in Cheshire secured for their champion , and against their chaplain , and as the Northleach " Thrashers" obtained for their surgeon .
"' Thrice is he armed that hath his quarrel just ; and success is almost certain ; particularly as there fortunately is also a chaplain at Carnarvon as at Kuutsford , who may be offered up vicariously for the gaoler ; thus making the precedents tally : for this gentleman , without the fear of the Rev . Mr . Brown ' s fate , has had the conscience to depose that * he ( Owen Davis ) attributed the origin offils disease very much to George . ' Vce victo . Let him not repeat this testimony on the 29 th , or he may chance to lose his chaplaincy , and Mr . George may be confirmed in the exercise of bis mild authority . "
No doubt it will be so . Such gaolers as this George are necessary to the system ; and while the system lasts there will be always plenty of them found to anticipate the bidding of the thugs who desecrate the magisterial bench . When the Charter becomes law , these atrocities will be no longer practicable ; for though the magistrates will then , as now , have power to control the gaolers , the people will have power also- to control tbe magistrates , and thus keep all right .
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4 ; THE NORTHERJN STAR .
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Citation
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Northern Star (1837-1852), July 1, 1843, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct657/page/4/
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