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Northern Star (1837-1852), 20th May 1843, Edition 3 of 5, Page 7, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      EMIGRATION .

      -THERE TO , A > "D HOW TO PROCEED . n ? A 10 tB THBOCGH A PORTION OF CANADA , WTZ 5 - « SZTEKAX OF THE STATES OF NOSTU ^ ¦ EBICA PASTICtTXAKLT THB STATES OF i iSACHCSETTS , RHODE 1 SLASD , SEW TCBK , ^^ STLTAKIA , OHIO , MICHIGAN , ILLINOIS . wiSCi >> SlS > A > D HEW JERSEY , TNDBRlAKES * , 0 A TliW OF ASCERTAISI > G THE DE-.- ^ jlLITT , OR OTHERWISE- OF EMIGRATION ; vD ? JCBCE OF THE BEST LOCATION . FOR ** cisa MIGRANTS , FROM ACTUAL OBSEIt-TA lW * f j ^ TTRZ ^ CE PITKETHLT , of Hnddersfield . ( Continued from our last veeVs pmfsr . ) ¦ m rB- V i . —DESCRIPTION OF DUNKIRK , J * « AXDrSKY , DETROIT , * c .

      tiidat SCih . —I besun niy journey from Chester ; Vt r t « ti c-f day ; Mr . and Sirs . Crowther t a ^ i bo ~ - = 0- " ? ^ P 1 *?* 1 ^ 1 a treakfaEt similar ^ rheWper . I " rtliuz annoyed at the delay occasioned ^ Ecci cooOag , I took tome milk , and hastened ( L -Is- - -o £ = - rca » iy the horse and bnigy . Crowther « , »_ £ tO ^ cnspsny me . He managed to drive much £ ar ~ ifcf = I ^ - d 02 e > a : d t £ K > k a loc * sketch of d insch b-tter than that over which I had travelled . 2 m wa bsu m&ck difficulty in reaching Beltce , 5 rU we cdled rpon a friend of Crowther ' s , named n ^ rid Jr £ i ~ 3- an EsgUshman , w . tb a most handsome iL ' atf me ebnrndcg daughters , very neatly dressed . rh » j wci ? i-i fc : * bly aiEused by my yesterdays advened wtich I related "while the ladies were engaged in —« sriB < dirner for n& They had dined . However t ^ j Ta : " fiow = st the table , and after tasting excused

      i *^ _ . ^ j __ « . it . » i * n , _ w i ii _ ¦ . . yt ^ _ _ —i . i _ i j 5 r Js-iKD irfermed me that Fork was selling at three -j « per pocsfi ; TTheat per bnshe ] fifty cents ; Indian C ^ extern to twmty-f ve ctnt .- ; Oits thiruen to eknteen ; Ssriey twenty-five to thirty ; Jliliet little ^ e- tsS "» BgIeSTe of the amiable family of the Jedjq es ep : c ** e < 5 e < i ° avard f * MabshalL , end took ^ . i ' eres : ro ? i to the cne I had travelled . Tee drive ^^ j ' . r : j :-nt and considerably cleared . We went tt ttc itrttiil House from whence the coach was to l ! L ? Is ¦*¦ £ » tcoa ready ; fcnt I c \ £ not feel cc-mf >> rt-£ & xl the th-cgbt cf having to travel over ron « h jot ' s b the t-= rk , it ^ i 3 ? *> & ** Dine o ' clock at night ; v—tret . 1 waDd the roads somewhat better than I an-Kcjaai Ti : s ecach , ¦ which was huns on strvvg leatl : ern S ^ sruiig txcet-Ginsly . Tb = je are three seats to t £ e ^ gjjiCD 5-ti- co aches ; one at eac h end . and one in ae Eidrile . ^ n ch is moveabla . A strong leathern belt

      soees » bo ? e the seata and forms a rest for the back ; i tfcee sra ar tier fla ^ s zot jaonela at the fides , but ! fctj we cp * n ^ ith » ^ rt ° ^ cunv&s apros to button up jt p istture- The passengers consisted of myself , f ii ' Vjcice C 3 Ddits find a cheerful yc-nc ^ kdy . The ' 2 u ) d > £ S were Tcry merry and not at fill choice in their ^ ESdon of rhrsses . The lady was equally free . They j atis soaejoiing remarks Terpeciwg zcyseU ; but " ka-riag where I "W ^ , 1 took them very p 3 . tiently ^_ i Use coach halted at Kalamazoo . In the Tnn i g ) at was a T . tf ? iargs wood fire , around which I was I wzpesti to see tbe passenrsrs crowd as thongh it had ' j « e tbe mi -idle of winter , ivhile I knew not how to keep myself cocl . We remained here about an fconr , : isd kft Hhir ' . ns the noisy gtnts and the loquacious ' itdj . The town is handsome , well situated and well ' hdli and tlie country around it is beautiful and ' j \ : ; j

      facia . ' Om peculiarity connected with Awericw stage coach bsTellBS srriste 3 my attenfion . There are not constant ' stoppaK ! s . t the inns , as with us in England ; but the ftgrhmm carrea with him a watering pail ; acd when : hecsDee to a stream , or well , or pool , as the case may i ! j ! i

      be , be slkhta and waters bis cones . SiTrRDiY , 27 th . —From this place , Kalamazoo , trs Erxt reaci ? d Paw Paw . Having crossed the nver Xilia » r > a . tar course l » y thronirh a very fine conntry . We trrrfbd a : Pa"w Pats' abent Eir . e o ' clock in the morning » r-. i we breakfasted , and then again proceeded throc ^ h ft rifh course of country , having in the distifice » our left , the ¦ W hite Pigeon Prairie , which is well settled by both ScgicIi and English emignEtg . Tbe forests are nther numerous ; yet there are Buy openings with neat houses and log huts . The crops ire in i'T . eral jfood and heavy ; though the whole k inach dsm ctA by smnt

      Oa am vsy we took np two young ladies named Woodreofa , whose father had been a Methodist pachtr , but ha-I some ytara ago taien up his abode on l very handsome farm , on which he died , leaving a widow and numerous family . These ladies were very po&te , and fn . uished much valuable local information . We bid zlso with ub a person of the name of King , lio fcavel ! s 3 by coach , having a " scruple of contBass" -gainst Sunday travelling , which he could not tare sveid-d tad te gone round by the Lakes . He BW if he ccuM not have crossed the Like before Snn-&y , he would hsva staid at St . Joseph ' s till Tuesday , tiat t ^ ing no coadi on Monday , and , c ! course , no tfttEEi to cross . This gentleman fpirituilizsd most wzedy ^ iih the young ladies . Ve also took up a blacksmith , who , in conversation , Bid 'ist . mosey could not be obtained , and that people diLiieds v ^ re ftreking w ork daily , and none could pTrtt * E . it f -r the want of means to pay them , although WBfccei of every description were much required .

      Mta crossing a very long flit wooden bridge over l tnzv on the verge of the river , the coach »»! dra ^ s or . board a ferry boat on the St . Josephs Jha , lid landed at a town of the same name , which petij st-uds ou the summit of a cocaidenible elevation , tad wrtTy t-. ; -, w on the margin cf the river . Tbe r . Ter trre rather resembled a bay of the lake , ihas isj'L : nz flse , formicg a very extensive m ^ rsh . I cceclcded that the marsh jenst be the source of much ffissass . Th 2 landlord , hotvever , of the inn where the each stepped told us he had lived there thirty years tad iyi sivays enjoyed as good health as be then ejcjrd , iEd fc ; was the most healthy looking and ccrpsial cm I had seen in tbe Spates .

      Oa ^ eppoiite bank the river from Joseph ' s , % T £ ji ofsr ^ i hills run along the verge of ths lake 2 Ed . ^ -n , ^ kick in times of speculation were ail surveyed sad " .. dd out , and vast Eutas of money paid for feclcxi : I ' -ts . It reminded me cf accounts 1 bad r ^ ad d tfar is ; .-dy Cessna of Arabia ; 1 st it would hav ; been ffiore rau . zH to have built upon piles over the lake or tie H ; . it £ v = fi . Tn . the steamer arrrvfd with passeneers JSd tL- ccach st-irted for Jackson , by the ronte we bad c- ae . \ YS h ^ te -crait t ; U ibe steamer was pr » - Tided c ,- h w ^ c-d for the fires , and got out of the buy jar . before the twilight , having a good view of the &OTK Sc 5 eat . Cgih . —On the passage across the lake , the | S * _ ^ sn vh" > rr , lritiiii zvl with the ladies informed

      "Stau . la 155 i , t company purchased , ih : oogh tbeir * S ^* i . rs or ti £ ; fct tqacre miles of as sood land as any tt Elinjii foi a dolkx per icre , all prairie l&nd ; and * & 2 * 7 . f : ery-rds bought sbont 1000 seres of -srood afii £ bc-- _ : six milts distist from the larger purcbast , IU & : — r . ~ i 4 s guarter to five dollars per acre . This D * Q-1 » is a good purchase . Tbsr psrchieb "was made for the establishment of a ttttr-T : : . rj . the rue of wh : ch U Dzlavan . nrir ^^ : rLI > * Le rcpi ^ l cf tbe Slate . Tois comma-^ tj > . is- rcitt olhsrs , bcur . d together by religious tits . 3 u . £ tc .- « : i ii 3 ; fidiBg tbey had made such au sdj ^*^ - ' ? pnichn-, and were d * ic ? so well , they r ??;' - afinn Lnd ert-cted a share saw mill upon it , *™ cc j-. T-. 7 rd a crsd loss to the amount of near 10 , 00 ? f- 'fc' ^; i 1-jis eq uivalent to tbe gai n real Zsd by

      ~ = -- _ -- - pa-CuWBs . Ti ? e sceae of their principal op * ra-T ^ -- Ta ; . "k-i ; li . courty , r . s -m ^ lesBJUth of HI nois «^ e , t-ur .. . tQ by the Sprinted and Peoria road ^* - : s ^ Lit ? were c-Sered a farm c ^ d saw mill , and T ^ r T-- ' *« . ready for frcrkine , tt a price whicb .. ^ ' ~ r ' s ^ Ted them 10 , 0 ' ; 0 dollars , initt ^ d of losic ? ~; - - ¦ - " ' "¦? ire erection ot tbe oihti , thes mskhu : a ?*« ; - ¦ ¦ - c : i&coo doL ' srs . Thty have built a very f ^ e bri aLich vas cot requir ed , and have otherwise ¦« = rr-vre fflocey than was prudsnt . no ti-e j tv e community are a ' . i « - . wcd to have spirits u- - .- ; . ^ v-K .-im , except the apothecaries , to be used w ae-scfrai purposes te . ^ " ^ wts carried out by sharfs . and when the jl-v ^ ^'? : " houses , and other buiidiegs trcre comia sold by auctionilots

      C . ' -- ^ --e ^ , n , eo or .-.-ff . / 7 t - bid but the shirr holders ; bo that ail ZT f . — L '~ n = e , ssd the ovcrpics wen ; in : o : tt " = i -. 3 . ° ? tr : 'is Ci ^ bick to tbe snfescrihers . " jr = r ; li 6 r lot about the i- 'Z .- cf ths ens ju-t ^ er . b-d ,. v ^ 2 trothtr-iE-law < _ f SJr . K-d s ie-* ^ » . - « rb-ri 20 .. o acres could he bought ut fr ^ m . J ^ ^^ to StS dollars pi acre . Mr . Kie s c ! e-^« mc tit siina ^ ojj otije , plots jniilar to tbe ^ bi > Te . w- c tbet tbis cent'Mnan had a temporal view in -. ill fa mf . ° : he ^ aE 4 tion of the bed . Odc thine he trta |^ , f t ' ^* ° u b : j mind , namfely , th&t it was mere pro-^ T ?* 1- f-archsse land which the Yaikees bad cleared ^ "T'Ti-. Ttd , than for Englishmen to purchase uncu ; tijv ?* £ J 71 Tfc : J ™ Chicago River on Sunday nomine . ™ ° o'djct . Thus , after all Mr . &dsb resolves and ^ Er * - ^ ui . i » break tbe S&bba-h" on Lis j urcty . . * tsc a Sne passage across the L ^ . ke . K c s . aittu jj ^ « " berths at daybreak , ana prepared to go en S ee * r ^^ f <> and my ftieDd Mr- Geor 6- Andt-rscn j _ ^_ e -- ¦ ¦ " " s' . who was most kind lo me , and de * :. -cd c& "i r ^ i _ g ^ y ^ ^ bouse . He j ^ oq i . . trd . j ~ £ ~ - ~ - to Ur . Pinkerton , from Grla ^ -zoTr , who uina jl ^ " -. Mr . P ^ wko had lately amVed fraru Sco :-Sbv- * . £ a del ° ded to and robbed on the baiks o ! jlt o lfrto * -P ^ H « had very recently come to this tocott ^ " ' . aid ** countryman , he is sKout iataw " ' ~ tasiB £ ES M » cocper . At br ^ ukfutt , 1 was 4 _ b-. y - : ' - Anderson acd ilia . Pick ^ rccn . 3 drs . ttiwi . htre * Jear > aDd Las bctJ 1 doiE" ^ eU &i - fe » , / ' " tie comfortt of life ; jti she was vcjy oe" ^ ' ¦ " u : m back to Scotland . fc . u / LIHir * went wiUi Hr , A ^ drrson to visit a Ttj ^ j rrvr - family , lesiding m tie san . e sireiu j ^ - --s * ' iceedingly kjjid . 1 sUy , t 3 tea . asd *^ Hie ey , " ! l * ' ^? ^^ re , which I uid ou ? wu my stay lu le-n , V ^* "' - - H . drove ^ r . A . tr - ; zujtrii iwii ^ d tbe a . to a ccfisiifc rAlB dL , taEC « : & msl U-: « « i mT" ^ tis 1 &te - ^ ?^ - - * * t > - ¦ ¦ ¦ « e . ^^•¦ S ^ n ltft Lo ^ a . > t ( t Yl , . ^ zVrT ? a-3 ¦¦ " ¦ V ^^^ " * tlit Cil - ' ' - ; -I ^ -i-vA 'W ! : V ' — - t . -agii a fins eoils f . r . 7 Jiulrf ciatai . i ¦

      Untitled Article

      from Chicago . He now carries on an excellent business as a tailor and draper . He never lived upon his farm , but hired persons to attend to it ; and finding it a heavy charge , he sold it to a Mr Fawcatt , an old Vachaler , who had been a commercial traveller in England , and had at List sat down here in perfect content , and I may eay , solituda , Mr . H . had lost two hundred dollars by the improvements he had made ; and he is sure that Mr . F . will be a loser by his method of managing the farm . About two months ago , Lord Morpeth arrived here , on a Sunday morning , and stayed at the City Hotel , opposite Mr . Hodgson ' s . He went 1 e the church , and took poEseJsion of Captain Russell ' s ptw . Mrs .

      Rus-Bell soon after arrived , when bis lordship opened the door and walked out until » he wa ) ktd in . He then followed ter and stated himself ty her side . Mrs . Rubsdl considered thi 3 an i-snlt ; and made inquirie « as to who the person was , who cculd ba so mdeas to take raca a liberty in ter husband ' s ahst-rce . Inquiry was made , and the w ^ 3 informed it was Lord il orpeth . " Yes . " she said , "I thon ^ ht he mast be some lowb e-i fellow , or he would nut have ba « n enilty of such a thing " This iaiy was of the first standing in the city , but she had no regpec . ftr aristocrats . » r . V ^ . n Buteh had visited the c . ty in the interim betwixt Lord Morpeth's v-Lit ana mine , and the cit z = ns turned out and gave him a public entry , when the same lady was one of the front in the mounted procession .

      I may here observe that Lard Morptth had sent a me ^ eng . r before him to announce his arrival , evidently expec : 2 ^ that a demonstration would be got up by some of the Airiericau ' Wb .-ifs . It was , however , " :. o go . " Therefore after his chuich- » oin ? , be took hia departure the same £ ay en besrd the Great Western Eteimer , from the deck of ¦ which he showed himself as much as possible ; yet , not a chetr was given in honour of the aristocrat and ex-SecTPtsry of Ireland . The on ] y parties who we ~ t tg pay i-heir respects , were a pork enrer and a draper ; boh Whi / rs , ef course . The witdGm cf the TanketB itrs clcirly shown in their

      contempt of empty title * Tan Bnren , who visited Chicago very shortly r . frer the lord , met with a very different reception . Tba Militia , the Montgomery guard , and sill tbe Y-. ; lunt 3 tr Corps , turned out in full uniform ; and in tbe port the fhg

      In tbe first Chicago Democrat published after his lordihip ' s visit , it was ttaV-a that " Lord M-rp ? th . has viiired this c ' . tv , and had the honour of Eitting next to us at dinner . " This was the only public notice taken of him . lir . Kitg , ofBEKSADOTTE , FnUon County , Illinois , who had migrated from the Kew Erclsnd States to Rochester , in the West of New York State , was Ltr . watching tie turn of events , ready to dart upon aDy place which , weuld be advantageous . Beu ^ adotte is 20 D miles from Cbjcago ; 90 miles to travel by coach an ^ . the remainder by steam-boat His lesioence ia 16 miles from the Illinois river , which he regularly visits , returning with corn which is generally sent to ST . Locis , where they go for sali and other merchandise .

      | ¦ 32 o > dat 29 : b—Mr . Ware , who was apprenticed to an engraver , is New York , but who is now making boots and thots for tie citizsns of Chicago , and whose fatiei is a farmer at Ot » igo , six miles south ot Soutopert , in IUinc 5 B , gave me the following information ;—Mr . Wells , to whom he had been apprenticed , bad been shown a plan of an intended city , 1 , 000 miles from any white suttlenent , and 1 . 500 milw south-west of this plaee , or described to be so by Mr . Kinnerley , who professed to be tbe proprietor , bnt who aeve * owned a yard of the land , and who it is believedha 4 never been in the country ; but who had procured imaginary designs , and beautifully coloured descriptions of what i the city would arrive at io a few years ; with roods , i bridges , navigable rivers , railways , steamers , lakes , j and minerals in abundance ; the prairies of the richest ! kind ; timber of tfee finest quality . In fact it was ; described as a perfect paradise . Upon these bare asserj Uon , Mr . Welis paid down 6 , 000 dollars , and he ! was not the only one thus duped by a mode of swindling quite new to me ; and a mode too not so soon detected , as a lifetime might be spent before finding the ; district , a distance , it was said , of 3 , 600 miles from : New York . j I was informed that a Mr . Franklin came to this : place son e ye&rs ago , with considerable capital , and j was asked 100 dollars for a town plot of hnd . This he i considered to Le too much , and after looking round , he ! said be could do no good with his capital , and

      therei fore be returned to Eagland . Some time after he came , out ag ^ ic , and effdod the amount be had been before ( asked for the plot , but was then asked 4000 dollars ; This so alarmed him , that be afain returned home i And , as if to prove tbe oft-repeated assertion , that . when a person had o ^ ce visited America he cannot rest , when from it , he returned to Chicago once more , and i was asked 1-4 000 dollars for the said plot of land . ; Three years ags it was disposed of for 40 , 000 dollars ! Tcus shewing what this gentleman might have saved in i travelling expenses aad realiztd in profit had he at first j paid down the 100 dollars . It also shews the rapidly : iccreasirg valne of town land in const qneDce of tbe Fp 9 culating mania . This land was put in possession of a I bankirs company as security , and during the panic they ' seld it by auction for 17 , 000 dols . About this time IUU

      i nois pspsr fell from 100 to 35 cents per dollar . Colonel 1 Hamilton , who held all the offices in this place when in its infancy , bought a lot foi 100 dollars , ha was afterwrrdB offered for the aame plot 18 . 000 dollars ; he stood , cut and wonld take no Ws than 24 , 000 , and it is now ! "worth no more than 4 50 u dollars . Messrs . iloseley and M = * ord bought a lot for . 37 . 060 dollars , to be paid for by instalments . They have ' paid more than one half tbe amount It is now worth

      ; no more than 200 dollars . i A gentleman , in tbe height of the mania , bomht a : Urge lot , on which he built a splendid mansion about a j mile out cf the city . He psid at that time forty dollars per thousand for bricks . Now they can be bought at j three-and-a-half dollars . Carpenter ' s wages were then . three dollars a day ; now they have not half that snm ; ; and he paid for evtrytbing in the £ same proportion . This . house has now passed from its owner , end i-j like a de ' serted village .

      Farm servants' waees were here one dollar per day , . , with b-ird in harvest . Now tbey have twenty dollars ; per month- Butcher ' s meat when at the highest is , for beef ] swo and a half and three cents , wholesale ; retail three . CJ-nts . The cifal is thrown to the dogs . Mntton two and two and a half ct-nts by the quarter ; in email cuts four ' a- d five cents . Veal , retail , four cents . P ^ rk , during ¦ actiunn and winter , ( in summer it is little used ) one ¦ and a half cents . Chickens six shillinps York , j or or three shillings and a halfpenny English , per tfozer . : On "H a ^ erase they are one dollar per dcz ^ n . Flour

      trrei : i ; oi ' . ars per barrel cf 196 pounds . Indian corn ore ari a half dollars per bushel , roach off the cobb . Oats twenty cents , and wheat sixty-Sve cents per bushel . Vegetihhrs are now very plentiful , and consequently very cheap ; apples eighteen cents or ninepence per bushel ; peaches thirty-seven and a half cents . Fresh bu-rereicbt cents jer Jb . Cheese from ssven to eight cccts per 1 b , Potatoes eighteen cents per bushel . Sujiar ten cents ptr lb . Best Hyson tea seventy-five ctnta ptr Yd . Coffee eight lbs . for one dollar . Fish six cents ptr id ., atd smoked h ? m six cents per lb .

      • My box not having arrived , I spent the afternoon with " Mr . Hodgson and family . The duy was very hot-Ytj-urday , a gentleman on his way to church , Laving on a tiack cap , which concentrated the sun ' s rays , was San-iirnck , and was in a very dangerous sUta ; however , he recovered about tea-time . Mr . HodRScn drove me out io the extent of the intended city , which , like all Anurica - intended cities , is of io mean extent . In our circuit we passed upwards of 200 waggons from Inciacs ; Bome were drawn by oxen and others had bcrses ; tbey were all unyoked an-1 feeding by the sides of thy wantons . They weTe waitir . ^ uctil ntxt morniDg , wbi'a tbey would go into the city to dispose of the proiinc-, which principally consisted of whfat . Tbey also biiwj ? fruit , which sometimes is soid exceedingly ctrfip , tbe maiket being frequently glutted .

      1 was at a loss o know what the people meant when talking about the " bnsi-rs . " until I was told that it \ -was the mame generaiiy givro to tbe Indiana furrners . I TLi / y encamp during the night on tbe verge of thu lake , ' aiiu : " orni to mi an apptatance , their encampment re' sfcniblin ^ that uf an iniading army . T ^ e waggons had , 1 in gcD £ iiil , six cr tiyht oxen attached to tbeni ; some . ¦ a smaller s ^ ze haa two or fonr hoists . Tcta * proprietors , or farmers , are very different in their habits io our proud English farmers , who Bt-nd tht-ir servants wit !* ihb ttams , while taey ride on horseback and put up &t the first inns , even when an aristocratic landlord i is Wu . i ' . irg for their last shilling . The appearance of ; ihete luaiana farcneis is quite novel , and might be ; n . ; Maken for an arruy of gypticB preparing to lay siege ¦ to Fort D = ; a . rbotn , which ia situated bttween the lake ' ann the city , on the south side of the river , and was tri c : « l for the deft-nce ot the &ettlers against the iccuri sios t-f the Indiacs . i 1 ic-uud that the settlers of the States around here ! have t-ivh a K » t of bye-rame , as the following : —Con-; r . ccticu :, " Ytllovr-beilit-d Yankees ; " Ohio , " Corn ' Crakera ; " Micblcan , " Bucitjs ; " Illinois , " Suckers ;" ; uD ( i icOiaca , " Hosiers . " ! Mr . Heron , of Pircust , west of here , on the Fox ; R-. vtr , aaid be wanted a man Tritfe a smsli faicily to - : i » e charge of h ; a cattle ; asd be desired I would look 1 cut for one . The wagts he proposed to give were aix-! tttn or eighteen dollars per month , to live rent-free , but ] to provide for himself ; aUbo'Jgh he might grow u i xluuj vegetables as hisfamiiy required , bi , ve as mnch I milk as they could use , kiu a pig when he likid , have j incian com at 24 cents and wheat at 60 cents pe * bushel , betf Bt 2 cr 3 ctnts , and sa ' . ted pork at 1 and 1 J ' cents per lb . His living , therefore , would not amount ! to more than one-tixtb of his wa ^ es . j Sir . Heron is by trade a carpenter , and formerly ' verted icr a dollar a-caj . H » ai-. trwards commenceo : jcbfcinc wcik , ar « 3 Ftated th . it he would now werk in ' , no ether -w-y ; he also ssid he would l&bcnr for no man j fur 'ess rhsD three bushels of ^ heat , cr fifty lbs . weight | » f < , ¦ rk r-T cay . He h ^ s lwu ** ., cat' . le . t ^ d buildinR * . in I acQir . Gn to h s own tusir . ess , c \ whicb he worked for 1 ~ h vt-xti * cirp" . j Lini . Ee hz £ ccnie forty milea ! T . i-ii tis ¦» hea , -s-bch re Y ~ . i t .: u , and would return i iLr 'i- ' ow ; 5 ( : - oTi . it x . Frc-ui tL-r » a u * e o ; n ; j irqrrues , fee snpposed that , I was lotkm a oui lit u fititlfiasnt . He therefore

      Untitled Article

      prtsaed me very much to accompany him , offering to take me free of charge , and provid * fer ma while I remained . Of course , he , liki all others , wanted neighbours , that thereby the value of bit property might be enhanced . These people are very hospitable ; and I ahould have accepted this kind man ' s invitation , had I not suffered too much fatigue and the weather being ao extremely hot . He informed me of several good locations in hia neighbourhood , but there was a deficiency of timber , and tbey were compelled to grow it . He Bald the vicinity of tbe Bock River was better than that of the F .. x , le- » be growth of wheat ; but the latter was better for thecrowthof Indian corn . He likewise described a Buttiement , principally Scotch , who were at a great distance from timber ; but they were now planting . He gave them s » eat praise for sobriety and industry .

      Thu man informed me that ten miles on bis way boms ( westward ) the rise above the level of Cbicago is «» nly four feet , and that all the wa 7 there was a perfect level as far as his own home . More westward the land had slight elevations , bus for hundreds of miles there are ne prominent hills . Mr . HoRdsontold me that he alw ys kept his smoked hams nndtr round stones , or what , in Yorkshire , are called ' Benlders ;' he had also a kind of large doable bux . ttuffed between the boards with hay , in which he preserved his potatoes from iho froBt .

      I ber 9 learned that public principle was prostrated at the shrine of Mammoun , in regard to tbe New York and Erie railway , by many pledging tbem * elvrs to vote for such candidates for Congress , as would guarantee to support the carrying out of that work . however much they mi « ht disagree in politics . Tbe line of railway is intenued to carry the trade directly went , and will oppose the Boston and Albauy railways . No doubt it would be advantageous to a large district ot country and will greatly augment the value of property Property is here idolized ! So much so , that I am told many opsajy advocate a property qualification for voters . Mr . Hodgson showed Tng a house , which was small , for which he had paid 350 dollars per annum rent , but the landlord asking 400 , be built one for himself . The binse be rented cost only 500 dollars . It now lets for 100 dollars .

      Mr . Hessey , an Englishman , boucht a plot of buildiny ground for 10 , 000 doliars fur which be was attnrwardscfivred 50 , 000 . He said if it was worth that sum toothers , it was of fqa : il worth U » himself ; he , therefore , refused to take less than 100 000 . The speculation mania ceased . The craili came ; tb * banks clo « -ri ! and his plot would only realize a mere trifl •> . Subs- quently this gentleman had to make a voyace to England to raise money to pay his taxes , his boasted property having so much depreciated in value , as n * t to be worth one half the sum he paid for it . Mr . B . Morgan purchased a plot of building land , on which he erected a house at a cost of seven hundred dollars ; he paid for tbe plot , by instalments , ^ 1509 dollars , which was half the purchase money . ' Dr . Foster , of whom he bad purchased the plot , agrted to accept the plot , the house , and tbe 1500 dollars paid , anrl free him from the remaining 1500 .

      Tbe plan of the city , extending aloDg the shore of the lake and two miles to the westward , was sold in lots at such enormous prices as to involve most of the purchasers in ruin . In my absence , a Mr . Mawley , or Crawley , called and enquired for me at Mr . Anderson ' s . He had travelled over Iowa , Wisconsin , and Illinois , and had bought 1500 acres of land on Fox River , Illinois , and was much pleased with bis settlement . He had got fifty acres improved , and bad come to dispose of bis wheat I was sorry I did not see him , as I might have obtained much valuable information . When in Eagland he was secrftery to a Cnartist Association ; and bearing of me at Chicago , he bad called on me as a Chartist .

      I was introduced to Mr . Darand , one of the refugee Canadian patriots , who is settled here as a lawyer . He told me many things respecting Mr . W . L . Mackenzie , with regard to his general eood character and valour . He admitted that he had an hasty temper , and was very jealuus of lawyers . I bad considerable conversation with this gentleman relative to Messrs . Huma and Roebuck ; and he seemed convinced of the dangerous and destiactive tendency of their Maitbusian principles , when I explained them to him . He , however , observed that if I called upon Mackenzie , and expressed my opinion in tbe same manner to him , a quarrel would most assuredly enBue ; and , in fact , I should not be safe in Lower Canada were I to

      give utterance to my sentiments . TCiSDAY , soth—I met with Mr . George Armorer , a Scotchman , living at Otawa ; hia brother , a baker , also resides at tbe same place . He informs me that the diffrsrence between that place and this is scarcely perceptible . They have plenty of coal at 5 cents , per bushel . He raises wheat , Indian corn , oats , and fbx . Mr . Anderson told me that he saw tbe amount of 15 . 000 dollars " in paper" sold for 168 . This isbarJiing with a vengeance ! I met with Mr . Bower , from Nethertbons :, near Hndderafield . He had worked 21 years at a factory at Bridgptrt , Connecticut , where he had saved some money , and was now in quest ot a suitable plot of land . His eon had gone on foot to Wisconsin , and he was going by steam to meet him at Racine . I intended to accompany him , bnt could not arrange to do so . His family were residing at Poukiepsie , and lodging with an old friend of Soutbcotian-notoriety , formerly of Mould Green , Huddersfield .

      Mr . Hodgeon drove me this evening over a wide extent of prairie , principally for tbe purpose of showing ma the superficial manner in which they construct their railways , one of which , intended to be carried to Galena , is now lying dormant . It had been be « un wi . h great spirit ; but " the paiiic" dried up the funds , and stayed its further progress . Wed > esday , 31 st—The population of this cHy ( Chicago ) is abtnt 6 000 : tbey are a mix : ure of Yankees , Irish , Scotch end English . One of the streets runs close to , and parallel with the rivtr . About 200 yards distant is the main street , running westward and parallel with the one before mentioned , which is intersected by others at regular distances , some of which are business streets . There are a few stores , but more warehouses . The main street is mostly composed of stores , some professing to be wholesale . This street

      is about three quarters of a mile in length , and , as is generally the case in America , very spacious . One portion of tie city , on the north bank of tbe river , to which there are two draw bridges , is but JBdiffcrently paved , having stagnant water on tbe sides of tbe road . In consequence of its being on a level with the river and lake , to cellars are dug . At the extrtmity of tbe buildirgs , to tbe west , tbe river divides ; the south branch only extending about six miles , and is therefore cailtd an outlet or Indian skoiik creek . The noith branch which is not navigable , extends forty miks in a nurihwest direction . It has no current , and when the wind is strong from the lake tbe water is blown backward and raised to a considerable height . The whole of the streets in the city , as also the prairie as far as the eye cin reach , have frequently been under water . Five years ago the lake was five feet higher than usual , which caused the inhabitants to be alarmed for tbe

      safety of their lives and their dwellings . The Indians fcffirm that such rising of tbe water occurs every seventh year ; the people therefore fear its return . Ad opinion extensively prevails that the lake formerly emptied itself into the Illinois river , which opinion is stren ^ hened by the marked course on the rocka as seen at the tides and also by the surface of the land . The building of this city was commenced about seven years ago . Ten years since tbe Indians were ranged all round the burnt down " Fort Dearborn , " which was rebuilt , but U jnow dismantled . The water fur tbe supply of the city is raised by a steam engine , from the Lake by pipes laid in &u inclined plane to a considerable ai&tance into the Luke , it is conveved iuto lun > e

      wooden cisterns , and without filtering , or any other I > rocess , is conducted from the elevalion in woo-len pipes to all parts of the city . This is UDder the management of a chartered company . The lowest charge f * r the smallest family is to be ( when tbe works are completed ) ten dollars , and moro according to the numbi-r of the family , &c . Their ra-xle of bering tbe wooilen pipes ii moat ingenious and expeditious . Tbe Ions are eight feet long , and by tbe earns power with whica the water is raised , the bore is made , each one in tbe short space of thrte minutes . These pipes are not lapert-d . hte ours , and let into each other at tbe ends , but are joined by an iron socket which is fixed with white lead , or other competition less txpensive . Tbey are perfectly water-tigbt .

      Cultivation is little known here . The citizens send their cattle to the prairie , when and where they please , and they cut what they require wberb moat suitable , no one asking them a question . Yet with these advantages , milk is sold in summer at four cents , and in winter at six cents , per quart . The milk-men ride in handsome spring carts , and bring the miik alo : g with them . Business is here much better than in any place I have visited . The people are all well employed at good wages . The immtsnsa influx of " husit-rs , " ( Indiana farmers ) and the " suckers , " ( Illinois farmers ) witb their wheat and fruit , to this city , causes a great bustle and considerable trade .

      It is difficult to form an estimate of the number of farmers who come here annually . I saw upwards of 300 in one day ; some of them as humbly cla i as many of the poorest labourers . They , however , live well on their own produce , and are the most independeLt people in the world , having plenty , and to spare , of tut : good things of this life . ( To he continued . )

      Untitled Article

      Dcblin , Mat 12—In consequence of the excitement arising out of the recent Repeal display , or raihtr affray , at Cioues . ithas been deemed expedient to Elation a troop of the 3 rd Dr&gom Guards , lately arrived from England , at Mona ^ han . The F-.-rma .-na « h paper also announces that oh Wednesday a troop oi the 12 ; h Laucersarrived at EuaiskJSlen . aud aru quartered at the' Aniliery barracks , where it iundtrstood a troop will be permanently stationed . Government has placed them at Euuit-kiUiu for : iib purposo cf sustaining the police should aiiy ncei-s-i : y ari ^ e cut of the Repeal movement . It is rumourtu that artillery and a regiment will also be ; sent tber ., and when ih : importance of the pass between iho west and c ^ rth is considered , the wonder is that Enni-killen should evtr have been kit witbua . i a considerable force .

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      HARMONY HALL . BETTER X . TO THE EDITOE OF THK NORTHERN STAR . Sir—I have engaged in this letter to point out some of the substantive advantages that would be derived from the adoption of Mr . O » en ' a preliminary Charter , aa the basis of a strongly united movement , and to endeavour to ahew the ease with which it may be obtained . This is so large and extensive a subject as to require a long series of letters to do anything like adequate- justice to it ; but as I am anxious to proceed to lay before your readers as early as possible , some of the succeeding practical steps , I shall content myself with a cursory survey at present , and will , with your permission , a % soma future period treat more in detail .

      1 . —National production employmfenfc for all who desire it , every one must readily admit , will relieve an immense mass of mise ; y which now exists ; and will do away witb any necessity for further agitation for a repeal of the corn laws , or any other petty measures and stratagems , for providing food for the people , or for procuring customers for their manufactories , when wo have the greatest abundance of land lying idle , or at the beat very partially cultivated ; and have millions of people not only willing to be employed , but desirous of being better clothed and lodged , and clao desirous of taking advantage of every diecovery either in science ,

      mechanics , u > i the fine arts . Again , -with regard to obtaining national employment , who can deny , or who , on calm consideration , would desire to deny tbe right of employment to all who need it ? We have now io support all who live , and if ai fir « t they aro awkward at occupation , they feave not previously , been accustomed to , it WjU be easily seen that the mere habits of order , acqnired by industry , will bo immense advantages ; and if the labour be widely divided , and made attractive instead of repulsive , who can estimate the wealth that would soon be produced by a good system of national employment .

      2 . —National unexclusive superior practical education for all who require it , ia a measure of immense magnitude and importance , end wanted for overy being in existence . E lucation , at least aa hitherto conducted , has simply been the training of man for the developement of some small portion of his faculties to tbe neglect of all the others ; and the most learned , or the niott tkillcd , are still very imperfeot and irrational on moat subjects . The education to which Mr . O ^? en refers can only be given under extensive" and well combined arrangements with united interests , and will cultivate ah the powers and faculties , physical , mental , moral , and practical of every individual . The exhibition of the effects of such an education , even in ono moderate combination , will producs an entire change io tbe feelings and convictions of all who witness them ; ar . d will prepare-the way in tfao mo « t rapi < l manner ; for the whole of the ulterior proceedings ; and whose inttrett will it be to oppose tbis ?

      3 . —A graduited property tax , commencing witb properties yielding an income of not less than two hundred pounds a-year . This , as the imposition of a burden , will for a time be resisted by some ; but ; calm consideration will soon shew them that their own interests , their position in society , and tbe welfare of themselves , their families , and the class to wbicii they belong , will tender it ptadeut and desirable that they Bhould accede to this most jost proposal ; supported as it will be not only by tbe millions of tbe operative classes ; but also by those who aro now pressed and worn down by the Income Tax , which is a per centage on all properties large or small , or , however derivable , whilst this being only on accumulated property , and ob a , graduated scale in proportion to its extent , would be felt only by thoso to whom the relief of disposing of aomo of their continually increasing surplus would be a great boon .

      4—The abolition of all existing taxes and monopolies , few wonld object to ; whilst the advantages to bo derived from it would be beyond all commen estimate , and cannot be powerfully resisted . 5—Free trade in all things with all the world , will also supersede tho necessity ef further agitation for the repeal of tbe Corn Liws , or any otbor such puerile measures as now agitate the public mind , and will extend civilization and social intercourse to an unheardof extend , and will be eigerly embraced by all parties when they can see the easy mode of obtaining it . 6—Free egress and ingress to all natives aud foreigners , except to foes in open hostility . This is ono of tbe just lights of humanity , that will make itself desired by all , and there will soon be no foes in open hostility to lose the advantages of it

      7—Unrestricted liberty of speech , writing , and publication . This again ia a right of man , irresiatable by any opposition that can be offured to it ; wben it shall be deniaoded in tb&t calm , firm , and determined in inner , which will shew that tbe parties have received on exercis ' cg it properly . 8 an > 4 9—Tbe abandonment of tbo three fundamental errors on which society has hitherto been based , and tbe adoption of the three opposite fundamental truths . Tbis perhapa will be the most difficult t-j ask to p « . rferm , but the progress that is n » w daily being made , is a mott eure indication of ultimate und even speedy success ; for iiever did the important advantages to be t ' erived from tbe adoption of truo principles manifest themselves eo rapidly to the public mind .

      10—The abandonment of foreign ana ml artmonlmade money , and tho adoption of national-made money tn represent the exict value of fxchaDgeable wealth . This is a measure of the most pressing necessity to allow of the free exercise of labour , and whon clearly DBfJwstood , as it scon nwy bo , wiil bo eagerly sought for by every class and party . 11—The abandonment of the practice of creating anything inferior , when it may be made superioi . The annual amount of loss incurred by creating inferior articles of every description , far exceeds what may be conceived possible by parties who have not sufficiently investigated the subject ; and there will be very little objection to a cbang-e in this respect being made , when a full explanation respecting tho advantages to bo derived from it shall have taken place .

      12—The exchangeable value of all wealth to be decided by properly qualified officers , appointed by the nation , who will have no private interest to bias their judgment . A step of this kind ab preliminary to associations on principles of united interests may be in- st advantageously taken j and , when clearly understood , will meet with scarcely any op ]> osition . Aa I stated in the early part of this letter , I hope en sofne future occasion to enter more into detail respecting this Charter ; but I trust that what I have already eaid will shew your readers that it contains immense practical advantages , and that these advantages wiil receive very little opposition from any great num b er cf tbe population when thesubject shall become understood . Eich point will however provide topics of immense importance for the mi » sionaries and the press ; and it will be in proportion as a united and vigorous agitation can . be made , and the subject thereby become char < y understood by the public , that i ! s popularity will bs upjn . rent , and an irresiatiMe public opinion will be formed tuat will carry ail opposition before it .

      In considering tho nnuner in which this agitation should be carried forward , let us look at the best means of cocceutratiEg the power of the people , as I stated in u former letter , the reason why those who perform all ths buainea of society are in their - present -wretched condition , calling and repealing for aid and asistanca to tboso who can only live from tbe nmount of this wealth that they have already obtained , ctn only ari e from tbeir ignorance of . Vow to combine an i wisely direct the infeius tuey possess . If wo take tha comparison of

      numbers the BUfisrcra have au immense a raujority ; thf-y b . ive individually more physical strength ; ami they bring up amqag thur ranks the most skilled Jiml talented persons who are gradually drawn ( ft ' to join the raiiks of tbeir oppressors through a falsa system of 8 < iciety t-. fcing adopted . With the intelligence now pospesi-ert with leapt . t to true first principles , a Bina , le mind fully con ! putt nt to organise the strength r . nd numbers ef the people u })« u tbeeo principles , nr . y almost iuimaoirHeiy be enabled to bring a power iu r . otioa infinitely stronger thaa any law before witnesstii .

      1 kuow tbat in arguing for an organization directed by a sini ; lfci mind , 1 am exciting pr > juflices of the nwt powerful character ngninst tbe other observations I may make ; but this will be no hindrance to n ' . e . The subject is beyond all peraonai , cl-ies , scot , or party conaidtirations , and must be grappled with in a manner proportionate to its magnitude . We can no longer halt betwutn two opinions ; wo must cither boldly advanco , and meet every difficulty and overcmnc it , or we must gradually see our fellow-men sink deeper in poverty , vice , crime and misery , and speedily become involved ourst-ives iu tho same votttx , ana ultimately overwhelmed .

      The increased powera of machinery , not in this country alone , but in every other , will daily increase the misery which exists , until Home Rreat change shall take place , aui thiB change v ? ill either be one of coercion , or extended liberty , in proportien as the combined intelligence ot man fchall direct it . I have no fear of ultimate results ; for the light of truth is too widely d'ffused to feat its being again overshadowed by ern ; r , buc there wiil be some most convulsive throws iu tbe collisions that will take place , and thesu wiil brf more or less disastrous in their tfilc ' s , in proportion as tho gui . ject o : i which I bavo treated , Bliall be uuderstood or otherwise .

      At present I am aware tha great body of the operative classes bold th « opinion tbat committees and elected ogtfi , u are toe best parties u > advise -what Bh-. 11 bo uano for tbtm but with this opinion I Ebali have to combat , and all i ask of jour readers is a calm aud patent snrvey of what 1 fhail urge . Opposed , as I shall be at first by all tbo feelings which have beon e . ^ enuered by the oppression that tbe operative classes have hitherto received , if itiy opiuior . a are t-rrn-Ufcoua they will soon acqu re their deserved iasign . ti-CJiice bnd nii » y easily i > u ovs rconx ;; fcut if on t { .- ' .: otfctr baud . Uie plana I shall lay down are correct , arm 1 receive your permission ti > t xpluiri tb 6 m freely t » tf- ' e pnblic , the examination tkoy will rtcaive will enable them to bo weil tested , cud thoir truth or oihmviae iii ' : i . ; c manifest .

      Tha titiTi his now sni ^ d , aa I have previously s ¦¦ . $ J , when v ^ e must , yu : t with &il * ur long cherinhed prtjuJicea and fotiiniZb providiii tbebe are not iu ace jrdance , vfith the seVnc-.-s of hum . in nature und of B'idct /; and fo 3 a . < j'ii-. itUy , HiLh Vd" tt ' . rea gr < - ; it fum . ' a-TrcfcUi Uuihs , or juanc p > : * . which must foim the basis en wlucli tj or&authtf buck a bociuy as toe one I have referred to .

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      To lessen as much as possible any misconception tb . it may exist in the minds of those who read these letters on tbe nature of the powers to be vested in the president and council of the society , I will Li my next letter point out the kind of authority or poirer I would propose to vest them with . I am . Sir , Your obedient servant . William Galpin . Harmony Hall , near Stockbridge , Hants , May 15 , 1 S 43 .

      Untitled Article

      SYDNEY , NEW SOUTH WALES . TO THE EDITOR OF THE N 0 HTH £ EN STAB . Sib , —We feel it a daty incumbent on ourselves as weil as what w < j owe to our countrymen , to address you in consequence of the scarcity of employment in New South Wales , for boot and shoo makers , and the insatiab ; e demand some of the employers pretend to have for more men . Ous of the Immigration Committee has waited on one cf our employers ( and only one > to ascertain tbe average rate of wages earned weekly by our trade , ( this

      evideuce was given before the Immigration committee oa Wednesday , June 8 th , 1842 . and republiabed in tbe Sydney Herald , Sep ^» mbor 28 v -h , 1842 . ;—who most uijjustly overrated the wages which a man can possibly earn should he be employed , and work kard sixteen hours every day in the week , which would not hava been the result if other employers had been consultedthey would undoubtedly have acted in a mere conscientious manner , and not have endeavoured , by a false statement , to bring men who perhaps have wives and children , from their Iiomea in Great Britain and Ireland , to be not half employed in New South Wales .

      lhe above statement was doubtlessly thrown out as a bait to entrap our fellow tradesmen at home to Emigrate to this Colony , for the express purpose of lowering the present rate of wages . There are now , Mr . Editor , too many boot and shoemskers here , and we are sure that one-third of them are destitute cf employment ; others have been obliged to leave Sydney and engaae aa shepherds , bullook drivers , or stock keepers . Surely , sir , such employment is repugnant , not only to 'lie inclination , but to the ability of shoemakers , particn ' : irly as their wages are Very low , and the rations they receive not sufficient for their support , so that their wa ^ ea are reduced to nothing by their paying exorbitant prices to their employers , from whom thoy must purchase every article they want in addition to the rations allowed tht : m .

      huroly , Mr Elitor , this does not appear lik ^ a detuned for more shoemakers , particularly at a time when thd market is glutted with English -work . Boots to the amount of £ i $ 000 wore imported to this col'iny alone last year . Thia any person must bn very wellawara , would materially affect tbe journeymen und the trade in general . These facts vre will leave to the careful consideration of our suff ± ricj ? fellow ermntry . men , and hope they ma 7 havo the desired effect cf openins ; their eyes , tbat tbey may not be kidnapped to leave tbeir native homes uiuier Its delusive hopes held out to them by the mercenary agents of the United Kingdom .

      Every emigrant to this colony , that leaves his home and friends , to better hia condition in life , under tho impression that on bis arrival in Sydnay he will meet ample remuneration , will fi > tl bimseif disappointed ; for when he comes , he finds himoeJf not half employed , provisions dear , and rents at tho unparalleled rate tbey ara ; and if out of employment for only a short time , ho can scarcsly recover bis loss by the moat unremitting diligence . See tho repoits of insolvency , they will argue more than we havo language to express . Th « insertion of the above in your valuable journal , will greatly oblige , Sir , Yours very respectfully , The Operative Cordwainera of New South Walea , Signed on behalf , George Gabtow , President Tuos . Wood , Secretary . Crown and AncLor Tavern , George-st ., Sydney , Jan . 1 st , 1843 . _ ¦<»—

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      THE NATIONAL BENEFIT SOCIETY , TO TilE CHAKTIST PUBLIC . Persf . ccted yut Peiisevkuing Brethren , — Hn \ ii ^ l » y our united entries ; wsta tt . iuv > . \ : i » e liery ortieal of pivjudico and di .-. tui tad clas > -m ; u " . e laws , we app-. iir to h !» vo < arrived upon this eve of another crisis , when th < 3 cimnier . cemeut of a new er . i is about % o open unto us with its now operations calculutnd to lead us by moro easy meaus to the goal for -which we have strujfeh-d , oven thu Charter and the people ' s l& ^ a . Our cl-iampion O'C-mr . or huth lifted U . u broad curtain of the new stage , yet oid , Uw Htagc of > . i turc , ru'l displayed \ 9 iih a easterly hand the imniunse ariv : ; r . tagts within tbe reach of our united txn-iions , on tue broad fluids of our native laud , whi-re naturo with K-r sun , ' ier w : n >! , and rain , faiieth not to reward the busbandman for his toil a bunnrt-ct-fold .

      Come , brothers , with a sroug faith in natars , and the powers she hath invested us-with , our B ' . iill and industry let us s-rive to pass tl-n threshold < if her tempie , and return like loving children to the inviting b ;> eom of out mother earth ; ate is teenrng still , lier parr &re full to overflowing ; she signotb for her chil Jren to faitsc cd her mhk and honey . True we are poor , and tbe l : \ nd of our fathers is baW in a sterile state by a band of usurpers , icv / . cera of the tatural richts of tbeir mare useful brGthrvn , recreant children of a but too forbearing parent . Yet ma / we . by a union of our order , the oppressed , an . i our wonted perseverance , pass the barriers tbf-y hava erected , and once and for life r .. - coiao possessors of our iiitive soil , and glad our last tours with the rich bequtst of our happy inheritanee to our clr Idren .

      Up , rhen ! Let us prepare to pnrrb » so and provide for our jiurnyy to this " lard of uroinise . " 1 have proposed in my previous tatters , a National Benefit Sock'ty , as the most necessary for the attainment of our otyict , and the supplying our wants by the way . In my utter of last vreek , I set ft rth how I proposed to do thia , as far as money matters and business operations are concsrrel , to which 1 again refer you . In continuation , I have , in providing for general adult instruction , proposed S 97 era' kin

      stores is provided for , for tto purpose of supplying our members , and tbe puilio generally , with a good article , at a mocler te pric ^ ; and increasing the funds of the S > ciaty . Therefore , cv&ry member would b-3 interested in pirchasing at the stors ; to which there couiil z \<> t possibly be any otj ' ction , as the rate of prune . ? , und the election of c-HI-.-bm , ia placed in the hands of tb ^ body at l ;\ rge . la this department , we uhouUi be enuMed to dispose of tbe produce of our land a' 3 d worktops , nt the rnt . iil price , instead of the wholesales which wruld add some 15 per cent , to the common stock , besides giving employment to members en tiiu funds , or box , as p ' . irrers , servers , &o ., for which another mle provides , 'i'hua much of the p ! au I r&comrumeiul , I L ; i' -o l » i' ! Kf ¦¦ "e you , with a View U , set you tb : r . fc : ' - a tb-. rem ; V .. i : tviug that you w " ifldecd tb ' . nk wit :, vs . ..-. , ? . hat eu- ;!' . 3 > j > lau is atceawvy and practicable .

      Untitled Article

      Brothers , —I have provided and rtm ^ fnaistthat all offices should be filled upon the atrie ' e :,: principle * of democracy ; by election , and ejection , ! , > Uie -votes ef he members . Now . although I admit th& .. ree principles set forth by Mr . Galpin in hie litter oii . h ' a , and believe their reception by tho mind of man as « . c-s . saty to the cultivation and maintenance of charity with all men , yet I must inform Mr . G that wo hava * f andamental principle as necessary to the maintenan ^ ot order , in any community or nation , i . e . the democratic principle , government by the people , either persjnaliy or by representation ; the first is what is termoJ a simple

      democracy , the latter a representative democracy , and I respectfully submit to ous Social friend that his proposition for the election of a president , . ; n « i giving him the p 9 ? er to chose tbe council , wou'd bt . ^ riolition of cur fundamental principle , under -which tho council should rather elect the preside t than tho ;• resident the council It vrould bo more proper that in * council and present , with all other officbs , Biioultl ' : •« elected to tlieir respective offices by tho nu-mbers ia -furlr ( several localities . I am at a loss to discover wld iri \ 're the Socialists should prefer beginning at tbe t ^ - of the tree and going downwards , whilst nature gf c ? ' - "gias at the D-. ) ttom and directs her couria upwards .

      Upon the next question , i . e ., who sh . u ! il be the President , ii is but i aiural that 'Mr . Q . . 'buuM , nsa Socialist , think tbu founder of tho Socli ! . ytttiu , Mr . Owen , the most fitted to flllthoo £ j »; . uni it is but reasonable that I should , as a Cimtiat , -binfc sjni 8 person in our ranks more fit . Further , it , is 1 'it natural , us an aspirant to the name I have signed at ' he bottom of latse lette . s , out of a desire to emulate tL \ irtues of those Korean Tribunes , that I uhouid give tbr pr-. ference to our Qaintus Cinciona ' us , -which nam < . I should interpret , a lover of agriculture—aiiobleand nv- lest man ; and infer , from a desire to emulate thes ^ vttues . this Roman name was assumed by our indtf ili ^ uUle O'C > nnor , in . recommendation of whom to tha ctii-e of President cfour new National Society I tj-nl shortly write ., ¦ setting forth his excellencies and cap biiitiea of directing so great a movement . For the p \ c ^ nt : I refer jr . y biethren to his letters , which prove ho is * practical man , —one great point in recommendation .

      Th-j next point of diaaspretsment between 1 r . Q-. and niysi-1 ; is Mr . Owen ' 3 Charter . In letter fvurita , Mr . Giipin :: sta forth that the President anti Cou ,. : 1 should publish a manifesto cr preliminary charter , ,- . . ; get np an agitation , and petition tho Legislature t" > fiss it . A ^ aiu , in letter nine , Mr . G . recommends * . *; . Owen ' s j preliminary charter as the manifesto of the new bt-ciety , ! the road to which Charter I subu . it io you : would bo through the People's Charter , and that the agiMtton that would carry Mr . Owen ' s , wccW carry ! ttio lu-. 'soimportant meaiuro of political rights , when 1 the people would be enabled to pass and maintain any or all " of the points of Mr . Owen ' s Copticr that may be deemed necessary . Again , cur uetr society would' be able to carry the most important . ^ xrta int »

      tff-jct , and would only require the Psoplev . barter to enable them to preserve their now positio ¦> . . rom the assaults of cj ; iss legislation . Therefore , to urge an agitation for Mr . Oven's Charter before tLie Poople ' s Charter would be seeking to run the people after the " burrintf'a trail . " Indeed , tbis Preliminary Charter of the R itional SyEtem would servo belter as an v oen question ia ilie new society than as its manifesto . The minda of the -working class are not sufficiently woned from ¦ what in tbat CuaTter is designated fuudamen al errors , to bo won to the whole of its clauses , and i ' . Will take much discussion even in the new society , ere they wiH adopt it a 3 a whole . However , tim and its teachio | jfewill do wonders , and to it we mvg ; leave the venerable Mr . Owen ' s principles . But Mr . C * lpm has promised to show the advantages of Mr Owen ' s Chatter , after which I may again write tb reon . In tha mean ! imo , let it not be thought that I . a young man , would disparage Mr . Owen . No , justice and

      modesty forbid it . I believe he hath cot . ' erred an ov « rlasting benefit upon the world , in ceiling prominently forth opinions tbat to eur priest locked minds appear new , —opinions which be believes ars true , and believing , bath a right to teach , and by teaching hath sat nmukinci thinking thereon ; and if : h ? y are true , no : all tha fiendiahnesa of this worldly he '; - can crush Uv ; m ; and the greater the rancour ngain t them and him , the greater the honour when they iall be received . I need not remind Mr . O » -en of tuo murder of Sjcf ^ tss , and the worship of Socruics . In conclusion , brethren , let us not be among the pwsec . / -ors of any man . f jr wa have known what it id to b persecuted ; and be evor mindful to thank any ono * ' io teacheth us any truth , or doeth us any good , however we may difl' ^ r with him j let ua never forget to t ' wnk him for the good he doeth us , remembering thi * ; all mankind aro brothers , and that it is a crirno to injure our ftllow man .

      Kopin ? , brothers , that I shall be er ^ blsd the coursa of these letters to inspire you with o firm faith in yourselves as the only power of emancipation from the present and increasing misery , e . s ' . rong bopa ia the moans now set before you , a t'uo . ju ^ L determination to take advantage of all p . vail . ibliljteana to gain the objects we havo in view—uniVir .-. i ' L ippiness , I remain yours , in fa " . h . GBACCHL'S .

      Untitled Article

      MB . LANE FOX AND MB . 0 CON NELL . LANE FOX , ESQ , M . P ., TO D . OCONNELL , ESQ ., M . P . Sir . —In consequence of your declining to come and t-. ka part in tbe riiscassion -which I proposed to bring forwnrd in the Hcuse of Commons , relative to the agitation you are now carrying on , i ' - > r the purpose , as you say , of effecting a repeal < -f the legislative union between England and Ireland , 1 take the liberty of writing to inform yr , u , that , as } -: i and yonr followers so completely set at Dougnttbe O--tholicEmancipation Ac ' ., by virtue of which you m-3 entitled to sit in the British Parliament , and eo Wfctly esteem the privileces granted to you by that act that I feel jastified in making a motion tbat the nrf bo repealed ; and ¦

      as I am' goiaa to question tbe wia I ¦ ¦ ' . - ¦ - uf that measure , I shall be slad if ycu will favour me ^ ith a line to nay if you will come and do your part i i d efending a measure vvhicb you were so instrument ;; ' in causing to be carried . I am determined t . > . t * . fc ° people of England and Ireland shall i ; o longer ; . b " . r under the delusion that tbe pa 8 s 5 s > g of thai n ; ascre was , as they supposed , the settlement of a ^ . reat question , but they ehaii know tlut it was cxi •• ' • u ' . e reverse—that it was tho urseUlinc of a groat q : u-ti ¦ . ¦! , which had been in progress of sfcttlunent fi- > ui the first century of the Christian era till the revolution of 1688- You are now justifying your agitation by saying that England baa done nothing Ur Ireland . If tue three estates of

      tho realm , forfeitir ;? all cHim to freedom by refusing to contend far that truth , by cont .-tiding for which they were alon « entitled to the liberty they enjoyed—if yoa say vhat making suth tremtiulor >« sacrifices to yon and Ireland ' s clamour is ooin : ; nothing fo ? Ireland , you HiUi-t be a cormorant with a v-rn / eance ; it is truth tliat is ultimately to make men ar . O l . iiions free . Truth is in E ;; f ;! aud , not i : i Home . You ihu by youv restless pTOcee ; 1 in £ ; 3 bringiDg on a rt-i < f *»« t « ¦ ¦ ' ¦ r between E- 'gland and R-: r . e . and jou oprear 'o -e perfectly sensible how v » uch money an < i funds aiw the sinf-. rs of war ; but you have hitherto had the ingenuity to accumulate a great deal of sinew witbent orn-ni : ting any actual war . Your peaceable agitation i » a sort of hermaphrodite

      war ; a half and hvf B ' . r . to o £ things , which is ball peace and half war : * ut if you will come and hear what I I ; ave to say . I th ; :, k tbat I can show you why you ought to do one thi : ;< ' > r tbe other ; y « u cannot bulo from me th : it lvlitior ia tho main spring of all that you are fli-iiit ; . . " ., > ihief object in writing to you is to s-iy . that I mim n . , ' l . j pei-sonal allusions t *> you and the Lc& ' . iuf jour tl' -, ri : \; and although you might zny that I was pcrf .-ttly :. t ) bti ty to say what I pleased about j' > u in your & r -s-. i : ! . c < . i had ra : her not do bo . But surely t ! ii-ro ? t'iierar . or of boki and chivalrous Ireland wiil not f-hiirk froiii co : ms : 2 . to defend his abeent friend . Come , tiiu-eiiTe , untl bt ^ rtscnL in that House where your io-m < r valuur entitles you to a s « 3 t . As it ia my opinion , frvm the feigns of the timos in

      wbica we iive . tr . at we vre en the eve of a new era in tLo history of Eagland and Ireland , I shall take the liberty of mating tins I < 'ter public , that the Protestauts of bota ei . iuatri 3 ni-iy S # t prepared to standby the assured tn-. tli , that P 'Satant ascendancy and no surrendiris xXm lave of C ' nrit ' , and that Eagland is the power which G ¦ •' ¦ ¦ ' . his cuiic-. ' iuto existence to maintain relitious pri iciple ; . ir-i rhe will now do her duty . " Taenwil ! th-j oaivh Vm full of tb . 9 knowledge of the Lorfl as ttm w ^ t ^ re r- > vcr the Bea , " and aPapiBt will be a raru uvis in ' . e . ris i iuve tLe honour to be , Sir , Your obidient servant . S . L . Fox . 3 , S :. James * a-sqiar 9 , May 10 .

      Untitled Article

      A Welsh Witness —The attorney for an opposing ci « di »< - 'ir in a bankruptcy case on Thursday , bet > . r « Wr Commissioner Stevenson , thinking that a youui v , hom he was about to examine had rehf urp .- «» hi ? part with the bankrupt prior to entering ihc tfc , urt , put the question usually proBOimd ^ rt when busp . ciouB of thdt sort arise : — " Weil , ray nii-n , i . ave you : iof . a ? en the bai-krupJ since tho izbi u >< evng f " 4 i Y -. I iiavr , ' was the ready auswer . " Weil , 6 ir , ( .. i ' . Hi b- >; oa . u . 10113 how you answer . the quCiiioii ) , oa v ( -ur t > , ith what did he bay to you V " Ou my uath , " \ o -aisi that , I should find the commiasknar a DliMl e « ntiemauly xavi " --Brutol Minor ,

      Untitled Article

      The followiiv m fie reply of Mr . O'Connell to the above . —Tbe Dublin Pilot of Saturday publishes the following " eiird . " /< oi . » c tbe only reply vouchsafed r-y Mr 0 'Cor . uell to the iet . er addressed through the Times newspaper to the Hoa . and Learned Gentleman by Mr . Line Fox : — "Mt . octroi ! has read in the Times a letter addressed to hiu : i , y Mr . Line Fox , a copy of which that unbapny gen » Lnnin has taken the trouble of sencinj : to Mr . 6 'Ojnneil n nmtu-tcript , after be bad printed the

      original i « the zfnvspnpera . Of course it will not be expected tha Mr . O Connell should Bay one worJ in reply to thai stranve aud mamacil epiatle , but he feels that , as a ce ^ tieman and a Christian , he is bound earnestly to implore the friends of Mr . Lane Fox to obtain for Lim that protection which the Court in nutters of him cy is enabled to give the persons who , lika Mr . Lana FlZ are manifestly incompetent to the manageraeut of hffiira , either public or private . —Merrionsquare , Jiij 12 . "

      Untitled Article

      TO MR . JOHN LINTON . Sir , —As , in giving on acsount of your very interesting experiment upon your small plot of land , you have not gone sufikienUy into detail , to enable me , not in practice , to follow you with great clearness , will y « u be kind enough to answer me the following questions , in order that I may more fully comprehend your admirable system ? You say , " I havo 4 021 square yards of land , divided into four parts , with crops as fellowa" : — No . 1 . —925 square yards , first cropjPotatoes , second crop Sweedish Turnips . No . 2 . — 923 squara yards , first crop Cabbage , second crop Potatoes . No . 3 .-923 square yards , first crop Cabbage , second crop Swedish Turnip ? .

      First then , at what time indln wbat ' manner do you plant the potatofas on No . 1—and at what time do you reap them so that they can be followed by a crop of Sweedish turnips ? Do you sow your turnips broad { or open ) cast , or you drill them ; or do you raise them iu beds apart from Vac lot end tben transplant them ? If you transplant at what time do you sow your heed bed , acd what brtidth cf ground does it occupy ? At what time do you sow the cabbage seed -wluch is to form ttic first crop for Nv . 2 ? At wh- « . t tiir . o do ycu trunsplaut them into the places where they are to furia the first crup of No . 2 ; and at what time do ycu reap them , so tbat they can bo followed by a crop cf potatoes ?

      Do you sow and transplant the cabbatre-saed for Xj . 3 at the same time as that for No . 2 ? Wtsat br-adth of ground do the plants , wheu pricked out for No * , ii < iud 3 occupy ? What time do you reap ttiem so th-r thuy can be followed by a crop of Swedish turuips ? Do you treat your turnip seed the same as for No . 1 ? At what time do you reap the crops on Nos . 2 and 3 , so that you cin throw the land up in ridges in November ? And how do you preserve thfl crop for use ? Is the twenty quarts of iniik per day lor foity-six weeks tin result of actual observation , or of estimate ? Does the forty-sdven days' labour include all lhe mowing , digging , sowing , planting , transplanting , hoeing , getting in the crops , preparing the naily food ot the cows , milking , and cleaning after the cows ; in short , does it include the whole to be done both at land find cattla ?

      If you will have the goodness to answer these questions in detail , anti give any other iittlo matter that strikm you r . s necessary to tbo carrying out tho txpciinienj , you will oblige yours , truly , James Penny . Minbridge , May 15 , 1843 . P . S . Will you be kind t-nongb . to say in what manner you maauro , aud what kinds of cabbugo and potatoes you plant ?

      Untitled Article

      I THE NORTHERN STAR . 7 __» ——^—__ Z ^ Z ^^^^^———————————————— ———— . ¦ ^ *

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), May 20, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct651/page/7/