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Northern Star (1837-1852), 13th May 1843, Edition 3 of 5, Page unpag, Untitled Article

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    • * le haTe more thaD r* -PRODUCERS OF WEALTH, AND *> T ?f £? q ° E WHU LITE BY INDUSTRY o^THE LAND.
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      Untitled Article

      . v gttrrin / 5 F * ° P ^ r tbeorv speculation , and promise , their 3 ^ ^ njn ' ^ henceforth be directed to matters VNfi 1 ?* Tor this reason , and knovring that to i Pr * e ^* % jjttion happy each man mast really ^ TL e 2 f M an essential part of society , I es *** _ J * Ij presenting my notions of happiness itjwP ^^^ of happy individuals , to the usual is u » *^ / ^ ng av means for producing national 1 **^ * f inferring therefrom that all must be 8 * BJ 8 B ' *^ iw P ^^ jatioaal greatness" means an excess of > " " * ' . . v jju eote mporaneons existence of poverty , # ^ ! " . ^ y « great . " Mj notion , boweTer , is & nJ brought on by willing idleness is the ' ^ fc which poverty becomes a crime ; and ¦ iuwiuhjisuwju

      «*¦ ; ] . tooff that- every i&oouimg , * H iL »« ^^ 8 wori for a decent 5 ub * * **'" »* would work bard if the produce of their ^ JLtwib secured to them , I look for Buch *** *^ J will produce real national greatness , ^^ jjKiiT idaal independence . | ^ ^ v j ch ange never can be effected by other ^ ^ ta fo * hbDur . When one man employs ** L » nd ' makes profit of his labour , let others ^^ Tirbat they please , I call it slavery . That is , * " ^ i a , e man employed is compelled to work JffT ^!* ber becau se he has not the means of worfe-P * vjjnseif . The case is far different , when H ^ is are open , and when t . e workman may . . »» e b . be pleases—the natural door , which ff . jiB ^ > oj tie artificial door , which is the fJL la such case , the standard of wages esta-^ 2 "» ^ free 1 * boQr ' or natura 1 ' market , 63 the » " works ^ ar tificiai market ** « iei « , just as independent as his neighbour . *?« * ili ' obserw that I am against any , the ^ its caBJ * * ; an d that my syBtem merely - ti A . « sd B . there are two doors open to you ; ^ aaeVTwhieh yon may enter the free-labonr market , j the Kiel by which you may enter the artificial i ' L zta . ^ Z 065 m one > &nd B by the otiler ' ?¦ ua ciiuial market establishes a price for his J ^ a mxfer which B need not work in the ar ti-1 t jx Biwkst . > - * tst miad , if I am tedions and forfeit yon with L ^ aHj Epon repetition . I mean to repeat and Tg . Tit bbu 2 I make yon love freedom and hate

      12 J , proceed to show how national greatness can k .-faced bj individual independence . Although I xa paired with practice upon a much larger scale tiai uai laid down in Mr . linton's very admirable , jja :. ad sa&factory account , yet I prefer , in the fcs isoaesj arguing from that simple table ; and k- will hive is inserted for immediate reference : — TO IHX EDITOS OF THE > OKTHEB . S STAB . i jus Bra , —Aowrding to Mi . O'Connor * * request , ] bn wit joa i correct statement of the average pro-CBerfEj experimental the land for the law four ' I bm 4 . 051 « qia » ysr&s of land , divided into four nrx witb erop » a * follow * : —

      * 5 » l—Sti jgiare yards , first crop potatoes , second ps Swedish turnips . 5 i 5-S 53 square yards , Erst crop cabbages , second zr } poawa . je . J-S 53 sqnre yards , first crop cabbages , second gsf-swath turnips . 5 a 4-1 . J 50 square yardj in grass . Tgai , i , S ! l sgnsxe yards . 1 ( tt dx aop » every yea * from Numbers 1 , 2 , 3 , and

      ! VEit-i 4 iIwijb remains sward . Tbe above is the yosd jiaoropifor this x « r . Next jeu tbe crops x >' taiw 1 will take the place of Nomber 2 , and Snsie : vill taie tbe place of Number 3 . and Number 3 Tuait the place of Jf umber 1 . and so on every year | jtesKej ; so tiiai I have a regular rotation of crops , I £ np iarias that portion of land laid up in ridges in | Jf 8 THl » tfast I tn&Il want for potatoes in the foKowlitt erist , asd e&cb partion of land has in its turn what ll ua > Tfcter fallow .

      a lie £ u » ving an tbe pirticnlars of each crop , and 1 via : I tare found from practice to be the average Spfxarf qaintity and value foi ene year : — ! £ ¦ d i 5 a .-asJ « ataiBSl , 743 squareyards ; procaa 140 busida of potatoes , at Is . per ' aid ... ... ... ... 7 0 0 Jx \ ud 3 contains 1 , 748 tqu&re yards i toraii Tiih StredUh turnips , at the > aa of bx in the square yard , f iTispat is vtei « ht 41 be . t » cb ; tctal ! Taihi , " is tons , " 15 cwt , at 15 s . per aa . _ 14 1 3

      5 x : sad $ coctaics 1 , 546 square yards , liEted irldi cabbages , at the rate of - -. txt in the Equare yard ; average = »« bt 41 b . each ; total -weight . 13 ' Saj i tn . sold » : 25 cabbages for U . 13 3 9 £ 34 5 0 : 1 pt ± ii statement as the selling price that it may be se »» sj with the value when tbe produce is conkjmc tj sale . I have had tiro cows sapplied with

      3 K jf a > e - jj : two years from the produce of this land * ti tie titeption of a little oat straw . The total * E * ii cf tiinups and cabbages , the produce of one : * f . a a tow 35 cwt , or 15 cwt per week for forty-* o ttta . The other ttn wetks they are fed on pa * bj Eowin | is as it b 6 come « fit . I find the aver-S * ^ oia ' ly of milk produced from the two cows s 1 * twenty quart * per day for forty-six weeks , aisraj acjj cow to jeai ;^ drv foi six weeks every

      I £ s . d r ** Kj ^ ait » of m 5 Ik p er day for forty-six ¦ ** Ki » k twopence per qoart ... 53 13 4 Tr aht * . ^ prodace of each cow , ... 2 0 0 ¦»; Ltjhtj , of potatoes Is . per bashc ] ... 7 0 € ¦^^ prodnee for one year ... ... 62 13 4 Ci « of pndartian far one year—... ,, _ , £ s . d . - ^^ ^ oo . ^ f .. r . - — o io o - » J » Wwa&tSL perday r l o -TSfctrEi tf atnraw , or if ^^* d frcm ths stlline PMeor aaimn ... ... 500 " ^ t-iteaof iinplenie ^ u 9 10 0 i'lr ii o

      ^ tt -noS . i ibiir v " ••• — ~ 45 2 4 ia , A ? v Pig ' a bree ' " * « w , and stTtral other ^ p Me chkfy f .-jm rjj e ^ fj ^ durin g the aTi ^ f ; m Ter 7 ? : id to see from Mr . O-Con-: i ir-tf , fce u dtttrmiined to combine the plan zi > " P * . 14 ™* with National Orgai . isation . I am ^ "SS ^ ^ ° Pl «"» Charter will be ? i- > s ^ TIk " ^^ & «^ nibiiiation than by acy * >~ t CT . ' m J" € t aMaair . ted with . I shall ¦ ? : * - ' ' :, >; : i ° reDaer t'Tfery ^» istanee tha t is in my - * . a-taiBo desirable an object . 1 . dear Sir .

      Tour ' s tniiy , . ^¦ ^ 5 S ± , 1 S « . jOTlmW - ^ ¦^ feSr - ib ° y 0 U lfeWn ttat iIr - LiDt 0 D i ; j ^" " iOaniLS of ^ z *™ of ground , for which ; ¦/ .. '" , * of & a year , or at the rate of 4 t ^' . >* acre - Voa Snd that tbe produce I > S . 5 t 0 f" l- * ij " " ^^ PeT annUm > St an ^ Vi'i "' lld * the ^ e of argument , : f y . * " ^ "tnde for discussion , I will c c » ' . f- * f t 0 Su PP < 'S « that a four acre

      ~« oj ^' - f . ' " * ' ° -dir < g a ren : cf £ 5 6 * . Si . an ¦ - ' . ' . 'I *^ ^ ^ for tbe whole four acre ? , being ^ iit ^ a 0 ? e tiaa Ibs actca ] TalQe - l mabe ^ ?^' f ! lDere ] y fQr r -he purpose of s : rengtbv-irfc : ir , / ?*?* 1 ^ ^^ ytion , ; har with a retail ; ? - ^ . - ~ " ^ ? J 6 U ^ ^ e of the most unim' " " ^ b- ! w rat 5 ° ; WhlIe ia lbe wkoleBale * ' ^ ' . ilx ?? 0 ¦ ^ P ° «» nM ^ d for this " ^ ' « wst POnion is a" ays in an unproductive ¦; ' liij ^ r ^ ° { the application of a sufficiency ~ ^; " *^ " Uat Pinion cai ^ aoi bear an equal : "i ; Lt Clie ? ° ^ ^ ^ e prodacnTe portion . F ^ - ' vtrls * farm ~ g labourer thus occupying ; ki :- ^ * ^ « rf , the account would stand , i i I ^ uee X - *• d - i = jv . * - 62 13 4 U W ^^ ^ - * 0 0 U W " ¦ - ° 10 ° ' 1 * £ » . „ , » - - 0 10 0 i , . i ^ - o 10 o I ^ J ^ "Pence TTo ~ O I- ^ ^ ^ atotal produceleares £ 57 3 s . 4 d . l ;^! - ^ ° ti e fortJ- * evrn days work , r- ^^ Sr ^ 01101 Of Aree-founLB of an I " ^^ " ~ wort h of s : raw fur manure ,

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      and which four acres would not require : therefore I leave that out . Then I have taken the rent at £ 5 63 . 8 d . an acre , instead of £ 1 ; and taxes of town land at 10 s ., instead of perhaps 2 s . for usual farming land , and we find with all these disadvantages , that a man by 47 days' work upon dear land can eaj-n £ 57 3 i . -id . Now , we have only tbree-fonrths of an acre in the above table j but take a whole acre , as I wish to lead the youag mind gradually on ; and you will find that if three-fourths of an acre produces £ 57 33 . 4 d . with

      forty-seven days' work , an acre will prod ace £ 76 5 s . with sixty-three days' work . And if an acre produce £ 7 ( 3 os . worth , with an expenditure of sixty-three days' work , four acres will produce £ 305 worth , with an expenditure of 252 daj-3 work ; that is , £ 305 clear above rent , £ 5 Ss . 8 d . an acre , or £ 21 63 . 8 d . for four acres ; £ 2 for taxes ; £ 2 for seed ; and £ 2 for wear and tear . Thus a man can , by moderate labour , earn in good solid stuff , better than silver or gold or notes , £ 305 worth .

      On referring to Mr . Licton ' s table you will find that more than one-third of the entire is under grass ; and may be therefore said to be useless . y on have also to bear in mind that a man has , say j 302 working days in the year ; and that 232 days j prodnce £ 305 , and that the remaining 50 days work , i would bring the whole four acres into spade cultira- j tion , and obviate the necessity 0 ! an expenditure of , £ 5 for straw .

      Moreover , I do not allow anything for a moment ' s labour of any of the family of a four-acre farmer , save and except his share of the overplus after consumption produced by the 100 acres of common ground . Now I am ready to sink all that : I am ready to preserve tbe htgh rent of £ 5 6 s . 8 i . for land worth no more than £ 1 . 1 am ready to admit the taxes , as if all was corporation land . 1 am ready to make 3 u 2 days' labour equivalent to 252 days '

      labour . 1 am ready to deduct £ 105 , or more than the one-third from £ 305 the net produce , and what do I find ? "Why , that it leaves £ 200 per annum But I will take off one-half of that , and still cominae all the responsibility , and what then do I find 1 Why that after all , it leaves sound , good , wholesome prevision of all sorts , to the value of £ 100 per annum , for one man ' 3 moderate , wholesome labour . Now , who will deny this ? No man can ; no man dare .

      Weil , but , says an upholder of "national greatness , " What is to become of our foreign trade ? My answer is , THKSE is o home market , greater than the market all your foreign customers put togtther can furnish ; and as foreigners look to themselves , let Englishmen , Irishmen , and Scotchman now look a little to themselves . " O , but" says a Malthusian , yon would have too much beef , and pork , and mutton , and milk , and hides , and fruit , and poultry , and eggs , and butter , and cheese ; and the foreigners do not want those . " My answer to that 15 , better have a surplus of food than a surplus of paupers . Better to bury the fat ox , as overplus , tha > to be compelled to DIG UP THE MCRRAINED COW FOR FOOD : !

      Before I saw Mr . Linton ' s admirable table , you will bear in mind that I had roughly estimated the profit of a labourer at £ 300 per annum . Yon will also recollect that in my letters to the Irish Landlords , I only spoke of " 280 days' labour in the year ; so that upon the whole you will find I have not been much mistaken . 1 now come to take another view , and for argument's sake , may admit that the present owners of the soil are entitled to a portion of any increased value that ah extended application of labour would confer upon the land ; and what then do we discover ? Why j n * t this : that land not worth £ 1 per

      acre in the wholesale market , 13 worth £ 5 6- ? . 8 d . in the retail labour market . Now estimate 30 , 000 , 000 acres , as now closed against labour , at £ 1 per acre rent , and you have a rettal of £ 3 Q , C 0 y , 0 o 0 sterling a y-ar ; estimate it at £ 5 an acre in the free labour retail market , and you have £ 150 , 000 , 000 sterling a year , or an annual overplus of £ 120 , Uin ^ OOO sterling , which , in less than ~ eveD years , would" pay off the whole National Debt !! You will find , however , that , at present , we have not population for more than about 4 , 000 , 000 acres , which would occupy in every way more than 8 , 000 , 000 of the present populat ' on .

      Thi 3 overplus , created by an increa c ed application of labour to the lino :, in a )} ) aw and fairness must be the properly of the nation ; and may be made availably bo , by a remission of the Tent . I merely u ? e the fignre for the purpose of showing the trifling value of land , in its present Elate , as compared with that value which labour can confer upon it ; and al 30 , and above all , to leave no argument unused , or onrsvelied , by which it can be proved that * ' labour is , in truth , the source of all wealth ; " and that furthermore , the most beneficial use of lsbouT will be found in its application to the laiid at home , when appropriated to his benefit who tills it .

      Good God ! if the Repeal Rent , of above £ 600 aweek , aid all the pence that have been wrung from my poor starving countrymen had been applied to such a purpose , wb 3 t a paradise the now distr&c ' . ed Ireland would have been ! If instead of endeavouring to transport the warm hearts and lusty sinews of the poor to sava ge ciimes , there to contend against every difficulty that the mind can imagine , these professing liberality and philanthropy were to look at home

      and really do something for the poor , which their rulers dare not propose , then , indeed , mi ^ ht we say that the day of regeneration was at hand . A decayed nat : ou caunai , however , be revived in a day . Bat thatk =, tv . naming thanks , to the ever glorious and irnnioria ] Fa'her Mathew , and to Mr . O'Connell's new exertions , through tie opened ejes of Ireland I trust to = ce the regeneration of my countrywhile , as an Irishman , I labour on the British stage to make both nations what they ought to be ^—

      " Grtat , glorions , and free . Gardens of earth , and gem * of tbe sea . " As I predicted , the growlers are beginning to nibblv already . -The Leeds Mercury , of last week , selects a scrap from one of my letters , not for comrnem tat for ridicule . Ridicule is perhaps the least effectual substitute for criticism , and is in general used as a -substitute for argument . Will the Mercury care to contest the principle of my plan .

      and underrate to sbske hope in its result ? No ! Every man knows that our friend of the Mercury is the " red-herring" drag of the capitalist , and that he looks wi'h horror and disanst upon any project which has for its otj ? ct the emancipation of those upon whose poverty , destitution , and want of legal protec : ion , the capitalist ai ) d adventurer fattens . A free labour market is , to our Mercurial friend , just what pure practical religion would be to the Bench of Bishops and their spiritual staff .

      The Mercury extracts my statement of Mr . Linton ' s doincs with his little-more-ihan three roods of land , for tbe purpose of having a sneer at the whole Land question . Will he dare to contradict the statement given in last week ' s Star , and also in this , under Mr . Linton ' s own hand , as to what those doings are 1 Will he dare to Bhew the fallacy of the argument I have built opon the facts Mr . Linton has

      furnished as with I I should like to see him try He may be able to write or rather cenpile Histories of the Cotton Trade ; " cr weave together the names and professions of a town into a street " Directory , " but I doubt very much his capability of producing either petatoeB or cabbages from the land . And it is rather too much for him to infer , that because he lacks the knowledge tow to . do this , it is impossible to every one else :

      But let us see what it is that the Mercury reallv does say . Let the readers of the Northtrn Star have the benefit of his " profundity , " S 3 well

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      as the readers of the Mercury . ThU" 1 1 S DU * f " air < He may call statements a * ' monstrous a 1 & 88 of absurdities . " Let us have those statements ov , ° K i and also the Mercury ' s refutation of them i aQd then I will try to " blunder" upon something l »^ e an answer . Here then is the Mercury's arti > ole « every word of it : — " Chabtist Pbospkcts . —That very profound poli tician and political economist , Mr . Feargus O'Connor , is at present engaged in developing a plan for the advancement of the wealth and happiness of his 1

      followers , and for securing the success of the Charter . This scheme is beautifully simple , and is comprehended in the single sentence—** Get possession of the land . " Not all the land , that is unnecessary ; but each Chartist 13 to buy or rent four acres . Having accomplished this object , he is to set about the cultivation of his farm , and the following he is assured will be the reward of his labours : a large ironfounder , of the name of Linton , at Selby , in Yorkshire , ibe Chartists are told , cultivates three roods of land , near the town of Selby , with distinguished success .

      " * And now , ' says Feargus , for the result of his experiment ;'—( wequote Mr . O'Connor ' s own words ) — ' upon this tbrec-Quartere of an acre he last year fed two cows and eight pigs , besides a quantity of poukry , &ud had vegeiables for his table . We will suppose the eight pigs to consume as much as two cowe , in order tb * £ we come to something like » calculation of valne . To do this he has not cultivated anything near the entire of the three-quarters of an acre , and he gives his labourer 3 s . a-day for every day ' s work . Leaving out , then , everything but the four cows , see what the profit of nineteen days labour leaves , for that is , I understand , the number of days' work required for all Mr . Linton ' s

      operations up to tbe present time . If an operative can now sell his labour for fifteen shillings a-week , he ' considers himself a happy mau ; and let us see by this » scale what it would be worth . We must not suppose tha . t Mr . Linton ' a bad groHnd possesses auy charm bfyond that which labour can communicate , ' and the following is the result upon three quarters of ; an acre . He feeds , or could feed , four cows . Sup- \ pose each cow to give six quarts of milk at a meal , ' for the six summer months , at 2 d . per quart , each , cow produces £ 18 4 s . worth of milk ; but to be ! under , take £ 3 4 s . from the product ) of each , it ' leaves profit upon the four cows £ C 0 for 30 days '' lt __ 1 1 P- f . ! - « »• . » labourand 15 rentfor this land is not worth

      , s . , more than £ 1 the acre , or 15 s . for three quarters of an acre . Now four acres cultivated in the same way , would leave , after deducting the £ 3 4 s . from the above moderate rate of production and price , the ' sum of £ 3 v ) 0 per annum , out of which £ 4 rent should be paid ! ' j " Is it possible that any man in Europe can be ] so ignorant as to be imposed upon by this monstrous j mass of absurdities f And is it further possible thatf j such a man should set himself up for the founder of I a political sect ? which is in due time to swallow up all other political parties , and to become Lord of the Ascendant . "— Leeds Mercury , May 6 th , 1843 . 1

      Now , it might , in all conscience , be considered a full answer to the above specimen of Mercurial , a profundiiy" to adduce tbe statement of Mr . Linton , as to whalAi has actually done u-ithhis little more than , three roods of ground . It might be considered , and . would be , a full crushing answer to this sneering " Po-1 litical economist , " to show that when Mr . Linton ' s three roodspartly cultivatedleaves £ 57 after pay-& ~—~ f ¦

      , , , w ™» ^ m ^ m ^^» ^^ ^ " ™ - ^ r j ^ mr . — »^^ - ^ ^^ — ^ « - ^ p ^ ^ ¦ ^ ^ ^^ ~ ^» «* ^^^ r —^ v ^ » ^ — ^ ~ — ^ — - ^ g roentof a " aicK-rent , " and payment of taxes too , as ; well as for seed , and wear and tear of implements , — 1 > OCB aches cultivated in the same manner , and bearing the same rate of expence , would leave £ 305 ' . ' . as I have conclusively shewn in the foregoing part '• , of this letter . This , I say , might be considtred } , and would be , a sufficient answer . Bat I will not I

      leave it there . I will not content myself with that ' statement and that shewing . Mr . Linton is not the j only ons who has been trying experiments with . small portions of land . Others have turned their ) attention to this matter , as well as Mr . Linton ; and J I am nappy to be able to give the results of a series j of " experiments , " which fully bear out Mr . Linton ' s i statements , and are besides hard " facts" which j will take all the " profundity" of THE "Political ! Economist" of the Mercury to overcome ! Here is j the statement : — '

      "Growth op Potatoes , —A correspondent , who takes a good deal of interest in the production of pota- ; toes , an j who on a former occasion famished us with a

      communication on this subject , Bends us the following as the result of his labours . The experiments may be found very useful to those parties who are just now enlaced in cultivating sruail plots of ground . The plan has b « en pursued for two years ; the mouth of March in both yearB being selected for planting . In order to show which plan is the most productive , every row of potatoes is reckoned ten yards l » ng , and the first row to produce 40 pounds : — lbs . " 1 st Ashtop Potatoes , size of a hen egg , cut in Vwo , but planted before they begin to sprout ; many small ones when ripe ... ... ... 40

      " 2 nd . Asbtop potatoes , cut in two , but sprouted one inch btfore they were planted ; the tops were shorter and firmer than the above , and the potatoes ready for use fourteen days sooner ; when ripe , few small . ... ... 30 " 3 rd . Ashtop potatoes , the siza of a goose ecg , planted whole , and sprouted ene inch ; wien fu ! 2 grown very bushy , and few tmall ... 40 " 4 lh . Asbtop potatoes , cnt in two , and sprouted one inch ; ihey were ready foT use fourteen days sooner than the above 45 " 5 th . Ashtop potatoes , cnt in two , and planted befoie they begun to sprout ; when ripe , part small ... -- • ••• * °

      "It appears from this statement , that one Ashtep pot-atoe , the e zs of a hen egg , cat in two , produced the same weight as the sizs of a goose egg set whole ; the only diffr-rtnee is that there were less small in the latter ; and it will be found that a potatoe cut in two will , after having made its appearance above ground , in the course ef ten or fourteen days , appear more premising than 8 whole potatoes in about a fortnight afterwards , however , the whole ones will take the lead , but the cat potatoes will be ready for use first lbs . " 6 th . Prince R . egev . t potatoes , the sit « of a wa ' nut , bat planted wbele , before tbey began to

      sprout ... SO " 7 th . Prince Regent potatoes , cut in pieces , so as as to leave only one eye for a plant ; very weak 30 " 8 th Prince Rege « t potatoes , the B ^ za of a cricket-ball , cut in two , bnt sprouted one inch . 160 " 9 th . Prince Rf-gtnt potatoes , sprouted one inch , and planted whole 120 ' lOih . Prince Regent potatoes , cut in pieces so as to leave only one i-ye for a plant ; strong tops . 60 " llth Whole Prince Regents , the size of a child ' s ball , planted with long stable litter ... 22 ' All the potatoes ( excepting No . 11 ) were planted in manure composed of ashes , road-scrapings , lime , soot , night soil , &c ., well mixed together .

      "The land Li rich black soil , clay , sand , and red earth ; and in order to ensure a fair trial , six rows of each sort of potatoes were planted in different partB of the field ; and potatoes have been grown on the same land for four years , and the last crop has been tbe best . "Onr correspondent formerly sent us an account of 10 yards 10 inches producing 10 stones 5 lbs ., the tops ¦ weighing " stones 3 lbs . ; out of 12 rows , measuring 10 yards ench . be obtained 70 stones 5 lbs ., or ont of 120 yards 9 S 5 lbs . of potatoes : 24 of these potatoes weighed 28 lbs . ' -Ashiop Potatoes—The ridges were 2 n inches asunder ; Prince Rtaents 30 inches . "

      Now , where does the reader imagine I have picked up this statement ? Where is it from I Frem the Chartist , Mr . Linton * or from a Chartist at all 1 No ! It is from the Leeds Mercury itself ! 1 The " correspondent" is the Mercury ' s own ; and the truth of his " monstrous mass of absurdities" is vouched for by the Mercury ' s " profound" self ! Let us examine this statement . Let us analyse it . Let us see if it does bear out both Mr . Linton and myself . One row , ten yards long , produced , of Prince Regent ' s potatoes ( No . 8 , in ' statement ) l € 0 lbs . This sort was planted in rows thirty inches apart . A small plot of land , ten yards long , and ten yards broad , making 100 square yards in all , would have twelve towb , ten yards long , producing 1601 bs . each row : or 1 . 9201 bs . in the whole .

      In an acre of land , there are 4 , 840 square yards . If J 00 square yards produce l , 9201 bs , one acre cultivated in the same way will produce 92 5 9261 bs . i and four acres will produce 371 , 702 ibs . A Bu .-hel of potatoes is accounted to weigh 72 ; bs . When bought by weight , 721 bs . ia given to the bushel .

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      One hundred square yards will therefore produce 26 A bushels ; an acre will produce 1 , 290 bushels ; and four acres 5 , 160 bushels . Potatoes are now selling , from the Boats at Warehouse Hill , in Leeds , at 9 d . for 481 bs ; i . e . Is . lj « i the bushel of 72 lbs . This price ig extremely low ; lower than has been known for a considerable period . The average j / rice is accounted Is . 6 d . per bushel . I will , howey ,. t , take the present market price . It one bushel of Potatoes sells for Is . l ^ d ., the produ oe of four acbes , 5 , 160 bushela , will sell for £ 290 2 a . 4 d . i JI

      Bnvo " profundity" ! I estimated the yearly amount of produce of four acres , when cultivated so as 19 % n' « FIVE CROPS in three years at £ 300 ; and THE '' Political Economist" of the Mercury exclaims "is it possible that any man in Europe can be so ignorant as to be imposed upon by this monstroos mat > 8 of absurdities . " The Mercury himself shows from . actual fact , from stern , stubborn " experiment , " ( hat four acres , with only ONE CHOP per year , wii produce £ 290 2 s . 4 d J !! Where now is the sneer i

      The Mercury's man . has beaten Mr . Linton hollow ! His " njonstroua mass of absurdities" are sober statements , compared with the " monster monstrosities" of the Mercur ^ . Let us examine each of them . Mr . Linton ' s statement is , that opori ' , 1 , 748 yards he produces 140 bushels of potatoes . The Mercury ' s Man produces upon 1 , 748 yards 466 bushels I ! I or MORE THAN THREE TIMES THE QUANTITY ! Mr . Linton , with his mode of cultivation , keeps , upon the produce of his little more than three roods , two cows and eight pigs . For the sake of simplicity , in that

      letter from which the Mercury made his extract , I supposed the eight pigs to consume as much as two cows ; and assumed that the produce would maintain four cows . The Mercury ' s Man , if he could produce fix'e crops in three years , with as great an iucrease- upon Mr . Linton ' s produce as in the case of the potatoes , would , be able to keep three times the quantity of cattle ! Should we say that Mr . Linton could keep four cows , the Mercury's , Man could keep twelve ! Should we say , what is the actual fact , that Mr . Linton keeps two cows and eight pigs , the Mercury ' s Man could keep six cows and twenty-four pigs ! But should we sink the pigs altogether , as the Mercurv seems to doubt the pig-keeping capability

      of three roods of land , and say that Mr . Linton only produces food for two cows , the Mercury ' s Man would find food for aij 1 // Mr . Liuton with hia two cows , and his 140 bushels of potatoes , calculated at Is . the bushel , shows a return for labour of £ 57 3 $ . 4 d after rent , taxes , seed , and wear and tear of implements has been paid . The Mercury ' s Man would have a return for labour of £ 171 10 s . for the littlemore than three roods ! ! If ho could do this with the amount of land Mr . Linton farms , he could produce from four acres the sum of £ 344 6 s . 2 d . !! And " THE Political Economist" of the Mercury " profoundly" sneerB at me for saying that the produce of four acres might be made to amount to £ 300 . Let his " Profoundship" try again .

      There is one fact , however , which will confirm the ill-used labourers of this kingdom in their prepossession in favour of an agricultural life . It is tbe strong contrast which their altered position would present to their present state . I have shewed that the aggregate of national happiness must consist in individual prosperity . Will the Mercury deny that ! Is an over-Sowing bank ; the possession of the whole land by a few thousands ; the commercial , mercantile , and

      manufacturing operations , by a still less number ; the command of the labour market in the hands of a less number still , who are interested in its depression : does , I ask , national prosperity consist in such a state of things \ No , must bo the answer . What then must be the feeling of any working man under tho present system , and what would be the feeling under that which I propose as a substitute ! Let us test it by reason , and not by Mercury chop logic

      Which , then , of tho two persons whose condition I shall describe , would be most happy , most comfortable , most loyal , and most contented

      j with his lot ! " Tell me , says a traveller to a walking ghost , whom he meets at grey morning or dusk of night , near Leeds ; " what are you and how I do you live ! " " Why , " replies Bob Short , " I am a hand-loom weaver , and live in a cellar at the Bank . " I " Yea , but how do you live V a Well , I ' m bless'd ! if 1 know , but as well as I can . " The same traveller meets John Bull returning from market in ! the evening , and asks him , " What are 50 U , and 1 how do you live V " I am a husbandman ; I live ! in D , Electoral Department , and at No . 4 ,

      Pai radise District . " " Yea , but how do you live V " O j how do I live ? why just as I please . " Now , whe-1 ther would a community of Bob Short's or of John j Bull ' s , present to the mind of the traveller the 1 notion of " national greatnessV Let our pig-doubting friend answer that question ! It will be seen that Mr . Linton has something j more than three-quarters of An acre , that is , j about twelve perches over and above three-! quarters of an acre , in part cultivation only ; and from that he lays before you what is produced by j forty-seven days wholesome labour , after payment of 1 five times the amount of rent which should be

      i charged . I iS ' ow take that to your homes , read it , and ask if the man who works for Liuton is better than i yourselves ? Is Selby nearer the sun , or paradise ? Are Linton ' s cows peculiar ? or his potatoes or i cabbages better ! And , mind ! I allot more than five timeB as much land to each individual . Pray j mind these things ; and then let the poor Mercury rave away , and reconcile you to RedHebring Soup , if he can ' .

      In my next , I will give an account of my own experiments upon a larger scale than those of my excellent friend , Mr . Linton , for whose promised co-operation I beg to return my best thanks . There is not a post that does not bring many letters speaking in the highest terms of my plan , and beseeching that I may not abandon it . This 1 assuredly shall not . I am your faithful friend , Feargus O'Connor .

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      OLDHAIVI—On Sunday last a discussion took place in the Chartist Koom , Greaves-street , on the best plan for a practical exporimfent on the land . At the conclusion a number more enrolled their names , determined to carry out tbe object . The discussion was adjourned to Sunday next , at two o ' clock in the afternoon , when it is expected that there will be a good u ' . teudance . In the evening Mi , Wm . Booth delivered a very spirited lecture , which gave general satisfaction . Also , on Monday evening , Mr . Wm . Bell , of Heywood , delivered his first ltcture on the evil effects of low wages , which be handled in a masterly stile , and gave great satisfaction . A vote of thanks was unanimously passed for the able manner in which be had argued the question .

      PERTH . —Mr . Robert Peddie , of Edinburgh , delivered two lectures in this place , on the evenings of Wednesday and Thursday last . The subjects of the lectures wore the exposure of the Whig spysystem , iu all its detestable reality , and the barbarities inflicted upon political prisoners in the dungeons ot England . He also gove a narrative of his own commitment , trial , and treatment in the dungeons of Beverley . He also delivered two discourses , on Sunday last , to respectable and attentive audiences . The time for action has now arrived , and as a means to an end , a meeting of delegates from the principal towns © f Scotland might be of great service in arrangiBX some genex&l plan for future proceedings It is to be hoped that some Chartist district will take up the subject with spirit .

      LEICESTER . —The Chartists of Leicester Shave determined that the local . tyrants of that neighbourhood shall not fiBd the imprisonment of Coopw to be a triumph or any thing really gained . Their spirit nses with the occasion , and they mnster as usual on Sundays , and , rowithstanding " t v ie general ' s" absence , take coura ; l with each other .

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      GREAT PUBLIC MEETING . MK . O'CONNOR'S VISIT TO MANCHESTER . A public meeting was held in the Carpenter's Hall . Garret-road , Manchester . On Monday evening last , to hear a lecture from Feargus O'Connor , Esq . In consequence of an error in Mr . O'Connor ' s letter , in the Star of Saturday last , a large meeting assembled on Saturday evening ; but Mr . O'Connor , after having seen the mistake , wrote immediately to rectify it . His friends therefore set about making Mr . O'Connor's correction as publio as possible , by reading his letter in the HalJ . Placards were got out early on Monday morning announcing the meeting for eight o ' clock in the evening . Admission to the body of the Hall , one penny , gallery twopence , and the platform threepence .

      Notwithstanding the time appointed for the meeting was eight o ' clock , long before seven hundreds had surrounded the Hall , anxiously waiting for the doors to be opened . The committee in order to provide accommodation for as many as possible , removed the whole of the aeats out of the Hall . Long before the time for business to commenee , the epacioua building , which is capable of holding upwards of 3 , 000 comtortably seated , was crowded in every pare , and many had to go away that could not gain admittance .

      Shortly after eight o'clocK , Mr . O'Connor , accompanied by Messrs . Leach and Hargreaves entered the hall , when a scene ensued that baffles description . The whole living mass burst forth in one simultaneous shout of welcome , which was followed by the most rapturous cheers , clapping of hands , and waving of hats and handkerchiefs . It was a task of Much labour and difficulty for Mr . O'Connor and fab friends to make their way through tho living mass to the platform , the band playing ** See the Conquering Hero Comes . " On the motion of Mr . Dixon Mr . Leacb w * 8 unanimously called upon to preside .

      Mr . Leach upon coming forward vras greeted with rounds of applaase . He said he was proud to see that meeting , and more particularly so- when he considered the disappointment they experien « ed on Saturday evening —( several voices , " Oh , ne *» er mind that '') Well , said Mr . Leach , it appears that you dont mind it . For his part he felt thankful that they escaped as well as they did on Saturday night . He would not take up any more of their time but introduce to their notice a man whose u-nwea ried exertions in the eause of human liberty had secured for himself that esteem amongst the working classes of this country that his name or face was sufficient to call together the people ia such numbers that no room could be got large enough to hold them . That man was Feargus O'Connor , Esq .

      Mr . O'Conbob on rising was received bydeafemug cheers . lie said he had not had an opportunity of meeting with them since he went down to Lancaster to try the Government for conspiracy —( loud cheers ) . Before that trial , the press of the country was teeming with vituperations , and heaping upon him and his brother " conspirators , " every epithet of which their foul vocabulary was capable ; and to jndge by the stir that the " strong government" made , no doubt but the people were led to think that on the 17 th of August they had " conspired" to blow up the whole of Manchester . With all the crimes of the League ob their backs , no doubt but the people thought themjin guilty of nothing less than high treason . But , however , every action of the 17 th , was laid before them

      the Northern Star of the 20 th , and this was fully proved upon the trial . Public opinion would however be too strong for even the '" strong Government . " The very fact of there being a " strong Government " in existence , ought to arouse all good men to oppose them , a Government which night after night sp' nt their time with gambling with taxes taken from the nation , to support a soldiery and a navy . These things will bring the middle classes to their senses ; you have been brought to yours long since—( cheers ) . They were beginning to ask how it was , that notwithstanding there was plenty of everything in the market and all very cheap , yet all was a drug . They were beginning to find it out that whilst the Cobdens , the Gregs , the Phillipses , and the

      Hoidsworths were accumulating , that they were becoming worse and worse , and that these were accumulating at their expence . Mr . O'Connor then stated that ou Tnursday last , they appeared in the Court of Queen ' s Bench to receive judgment . They bad , however , succeeded in getting an arrest of judgment , and had compelled the Lord Chief Justice of England to say that there was something in these mens case that must be examined before judgment is passed upon them . The League have said that there was an understanding betwixt us and the Government . He ( Mr . O'Connor ) would tell them the understanding that there was betwixt them and the Government : it was this—that if we don't beat them , they will beat us—( tremendous cheers . ) He thanked

      God that there was such a thing as law in the country , for , by taking advantage of the law and their assistance , he had been enabled to obtain an arrest of judgment . "But oh , " said tbe League , "this fellow , O'Connor , and hia companions , the tagrag and bob-tail , —what can they know about the law ? It is too bad to allow them to take advantage of any leiial flaw in the indictment against them . " He ( Mr . O'Connor ) had often told them that there was one law for the rich and another for the poor , but by tbfiir ponce , they , although they were poer ; could make one rich man ; and , thanks to public opinion and their exertions , when they appeared in the Queen ' s Bench , the whole of their business was transacted iu about twenty minutes . He ( Mr .

      O'Connor ) however , was determined not to leave the Court whilst there was a Chartist that might stand ia need of his assistance . He remained and heard tho whole of the evidence against Cooper read , and the next day he sat along side of him tor ten hours . Cooper spoke for eight hours and would have given them eight more , if the Judge would have allowed him to breathe until next morning . But this the Judge refused to do . He was then sentenced . But he ( Mr . O'C . ) pledged himself to use every mean in his ptwer to have the sentence reversed . And poor old Richards too received sentence , after one of the very best speeches that he ( Mr . O'Connor ) had ever heard in his life . Richards is turned seventy years old , but his speech was that of a

      Chartist of two and twenty . Cooper had got two years and poor old Richards twelve months . ( This announcement was received by loud cries of shame , from all parts of the room ) . Mr . O'Connor said you ory shame—he would tell them a fact . The laws were always administered in accordance with public opinion . If it was true that Cooper was guilty of the crime laid to his charge , twenty years ago they would have transported him for it ; and four years ago they would have transported him tor it . But he would much rather have seen him go homo to his Shaksperians than getting two years . And Cooper told the Judge thai he must give him such a sentence as would be in accordance with the opinions of the people . Mr . O'Connor then said

      that it had cost the Government for the late Special Commissions and the trials in March the sum ot £ 17 , 0 U 0 , —and what had we laid out in the contest with them ? He thought that £ 551 ) would be the outside of the money expended . And he asked them if tnat was not laying out the people ' s pence to the best advantage ? ( Loud cries of "It is . ") Well , said Mr . O'Connor , on the 25 th , we must march up again ; and , on the 26 th , like the King of France ' s men , we will march down again . ( Cheers . ) Mr . O'Connor then referred to the present movements of the Government to put down the agitation for the repeal of the Legislative Union ; and urged upon the people of England the necessity of their uniting with the people of his unfortunate

      country in their struggle for liberty . The Government had sent one Brigade of tbe Riflemen to Ireland yesterday , and another brigado this morning . Notwithstanding the proffered aid of 500 , 000 fighting men to suppress Chartism , and the blow that he received on the side of his head , and the barbarous deeds of Stevenson's Square , they were willing to forget and forgive all , and return good for evil . ( Cheers . ) We will &how them that amongst democrats , when we fee them us © the means to obtain the end in view , we will not be backward ia rendering them our assistance . The Irish members were now following the advice that he had giyea them when he was in York Castle ; namely , stopping away from the Imperial Parliament . And he Mr .

      O'Conn&r , would be a bad man if he saw them dsserted in their endeavouring to obtain liberty for the land of his birth . H » considered it to be his duty to do all in his power to destroy oppression ia that country , and to amend the condition of its peasaatry . They know that without our assistance the ? eanpot carry the R * peal ; nor can we without thew assistance carry the Charter ; but united we would be allpowerful . He knew frem his experience of the working classes of England , that they would render to hia countrymen not only their sympathy , but their assistance to secure their liberties . The Whigs knew full well that if they could only keep the people of the two countries divided , that separately they could not succeed in foroing them to grant to either any measure that would Decent them as a whole , and in this

      they had unfortunately succeeded . But the time had come when they must , unite to destroy that despotism which was preparing to pat down the agitation in Ireland . He had always found that the working classes of England were as desirous for

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      the freedom of Irishmen as for themselves ; and he had often told them that if ho could help it England should not havo her rights one moment before Ireland , and this sentiment had always been received by them with , a hearty response . If the Government had eent the riflemen to ehoot his countrymen , the very first man that wae shot , he ( Mr . O'Connor ) would trarel night and day to arouse the people of this country to put a stop to the blood-stained career of despotism . The League are continually bawling about the repeal of corn laws . Why they might as well tell us they would eat our corns . We have got too far for the repeal of the corn lavs to benefit us . He had got a remedy , but they did not like him or his remedy . Why did they not like it ? Because it would not only repeal the corn laws , but make

      the working man independent of them , and thai , was why they did not like . His remedy would imake ti s e labourer happy , and at the same time it wou ^/* pay off the National Debt in seven years . His re ^ d y was The Land ; and if labour was the foundation of wealth , by the land and labour htf-coaJd make all happy . But tbey said that his measure was Utopian . Utopian as it was , the land would )> Toduce beef » mutton , honey , bread , butter , milk , bacv . a , wool , flax , regetables , and fruit . It was net potable to extract honey froma , machine . He neverknefv" a " mule" layan egg . He would rather have the bl » , ^ hen that laid a white egg for his own benefit , th ^ n the black machine which laid his sweat and toil Jn the shape © f

      gold at another , man ' s door . Snppo ^ N said Mr . O'Connor , I meet a poor factory slave LHat works for a Cobden , a Gre ^ r , or a HoJdsworth , a . id I ank him his name . "Tom Snooka . " "WheredoyoOlive ?" " In a small cellar , in Great Ancoats-street . " And I meet one of those free labourers frwu one of th / 'se happy home colonies , and I ask Kim his namtx . "John Bull . J > " Where do you live V In section B , No . 11 , Electoral District , in Lancashire . " " Who is your master ? " " , God and good laws . '' This ia the difference of the two , —the one lives in 8 little cellar under ground in Great Ancoats , and the ether in a house above ground breathing the pure air of heavea , having no master but his God and good la" # 3 ; The profepsed humanity mongers , in the shape of

      parsonsare making noise just now for fear that you ? minds should be injured ; but where is their Byrapathy for your empty bellies % They never came to-the kelp of the people against the oppressor : botf nosooner are they touched than tbey cry out to- the people for them to eome and help them . For his part , when he found them preaching the gospel and * advocating the rights of the labouring poor , he would believe that they had begun to read the Scrip * - tures aright , and to draw proper conclusions there--from ; but so long as he found them leagued with the ' oppressors , and going hand in band with those that rob the industrious poor of the rights of their labour , he could not look upon them with anything like complacency .. Why did he ( Mr . O'C . ) stand by them now ? beeause he found them able to beat any faction out of the field themselves . The League had called a meeting to denounce Tom Duncombe , because he would not £ 0 and tumble for them at Sadler ' s

      Wells , to a ticket meeting . No , said Duncombe , call a publio meeting and I will tamble with the best of yoa * , but I will not tumblo to a ticketed meeting . They-therefore called a public meeting and brought forward a long . slank fellow from Manchester ; and James Leach—aye modest James Leaoh—gave him three hours of a gentle rubbing down , which made him smaller than he was when he began . They will have no more public meetings ia London for fear of Leach , the terror of the tyrants in this part of the country . Mr . O'Coubot said that he would give them an analysis of the trial at Lancaster , before my Lord Leach—( grea-t laughter ) . He then went through the principal features of the trial He said that several persons had asked him since he published his letters on the Land , if he intended giving up the agitation for the Charter I And he thought that he was in duty bound to make the men of Manchester acquainted with his views . It waa to the men of Manchester that tha Chartist cause

      owed much . Manchester was the strong hold of Democracy . He would not give a straw for four million acres of land to-morrow without the Charter , to enable them to keep it when they got it - for withim the last fifty years class power had robbed them of seven million acres ,, and if class power was allowed to exist , it would rob them of it again ; therefore he wduld never rest short of the Charter . He had now been with them for ten years , and ha had either proved himself a good Chartist or they were d—d fools : they might choose out of the two which they liked—( loud and long continued cheers . ) Mr . O Connor then in 3 humourous manner referred to the Emigration Plot and the Duke of Argyle , and

      gave the following anecdote with good effect : — " A former Duke of Argyle provided for the convenience of his countrymen ; and when they were enjoying the benefit of his generosity , they exclaimed , God bless the Duke of Argyle 1 " But if he was Bent to Prince Edward ' s Island , and there left without house or home , being an Irishman , he would say , " D—n . the Duke of Argyle . " Mr . O'Connor then said that tbe late trial had made a wonderful impression on the public mind ; and he would appeal to Leach , ii , when they went down to Lancaster , they were not looked upon as monsters and not men . The high sheriff and the ladies seemed to be looking for their horns and tails . Indeed when he took off his gloves they looked to see whether he had scales upon his fingers or not , But at the end ef eight days their tune was changed . They all wished the poor Chartists might get off . He ( Mr . O'Connor ) had come to renew his covenant with the good and

      hone 9 t working men . His friends had said to him , — " Now Feargns , as you have escaped this time , do give up your mad political career , and return to the bosom of your , family and live in peace . " He had returned to the bosom ot his family ; and that was to the suffering sons ot toil , and that night he would renew the covenant : " that he would never leave nor forsake them until he had broken oppression ' s head or oppression had broken his heart "—( loud cheers . ) He then made an earnest appeal to the people to unite in the holy cause of a nation's liberty ; and in the moat feeling manner endeavoured to impress upon them the duty of every lover of liberty , at the present crisis , doing all in his power to strengthen the . hands of their Irish brethren , as all who knew anything about democracy knew that the liberty of Ireland was the liberty of England , and the liberty of England was the liberty of the world . Mr . O'Connor sat down amid the most rapturous applause which lasted for a considerable time .

      Mr . David Boss was then loudly called for by the audience , and , upon coming forward , was received with every demonstration of respect and esteem . He delivered a speech which , has Beldom been equalled . Mr . O'Connob then pledged himself to deliver three lectures upon the land in about three weeks from that time , either in the Carpenters' Hall , or the Hall of Science ; and thus ended one of the most glorious days ever witnessed by the Chartists of Manchester .

      Carpenters' Hall . —On Sunday last , two lectures were delivered in the above Hall by Mr . Wm . Dixon . The audiences were numerous and attentive , and the lectures gave great satisfaction . In the evening , Mr . O'Connor ' s letter to the " Imperial Chartists" was read from the Star .

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      DAI . KEITH . —Mr . Dickinson lectured here on Tuesday evening la . it , in the Market-place , to a good meeting . GLASGOW . —The Extension men finding they have hitherto failed to obtain a footing here , have resorted t » what , no doubt , they in their wisdom consider generalship . It is a regular Fux and Goose Club ; but tbe dodge will not do . We announced a few weeks ago that an attempt was being made to get up an operative Anti-Corn Law Association , this miserable junta

      have at last presumed to issue an address to the operatives of Scotland , purporting to be from a body of men who had for a considerable time past exerted all their icfluence , and expended their money to procure the universal enfranchisement ot their countrymen , and assigning as the reason why they had abandoned that object , tfcat it is no go , and that it was completely overborne by the agitation for the repeal of the Corn Law ; that they are deeply convinced that no other qnesti-n can obtain a patient bearing till that allabsorbing one be fairly settled ; and that they are satisfied that when the Corn and Provision Laws are

      repealed they shall be in a better condition than at present to agitate for universal tights . But fox the above attempt to palm themselves upon the public as a body of men who bad abandoned the agitation for tbe Charter , I should not have expended one penfu \ of ink upon them . I know all the renegades amengst them . Tbe cause of Chartism ia well quit of them . One of them , with a mahogany handle to bis name , had better come and settle scores with tbe O'Connor Demonstration Committee - before fee speaks any more about sacrifices in the cause of Chartism . Those who know the fellows , know that neither their numbers nor their influence is worth a plack to any cause . They are mere drum boys in the interest of the League , beat is g up for a few crumbs of tbe £ 50 , 000 . The men of Glasgow laugh at them ; they intend to get up lectures , circulate tracts , &c . Who pays the expenses , of all these undertakings ? The League . On Wednes-.

      day week ,, the Kev . Alexander Harvey , of Caltoa > , delivered a lecture to this august body , in Nelson Street chapel , a place capable of holding about 300 , subjpet , the Co » and Provision Laws , and not machinery , Uie cause « f the present distress . At the close of th » pro * ceedings , Mr J . Colqnhonn rose and asked the chairman -whether he would be allowed to put a question to Mr * Harvey . The chairman consented on Mr . C awn rfqg lum he did not mean to enter upon any discusston * as he knew in the terms of the bill calling the meeting he was not entitled ; but he wished to ask the lecturer whether he was prepared to discuss in public hia views regarding machinery and free trade . Mr . Harvey declined public discussion , but if Mr . Colquhoun waa willing , he Mr . H . would , discuss , It through the press . Mr . Colquhoun showed the impossibility of auch a step , and Mr . Harvey declined on any other terms . —Cones * pondenU

      * Le Hate More Thad R* -Producers Of Wealth, And *&Gt; T ?F £? Q ° E Whu Lite By Industry O^The Land.

      * le haTe more thaD r * -PRODUCERS OF WEALTH , AND *> ? f £ ? q ° E WHU LITE BY INDUSTRY o ^ THE LAND .

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      TOI . YL m _ 287 . ^ SATURDAY , MAY 13 , 1843 . "" FHIC V ^?™ ™™ r * ,

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      AND LEEDS GENERAL ADYEETISER .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), May 13, 1843, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct650/page/1/