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Northern Star (1837-1852), 29th April 1843, Edition 3 of 5, Page 3, poetry

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    • TOE GOVEE^MENT FACTOBY BILL.
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      ^ BEPlY . BOWBIJTG'S FREE TRADE FLOURISHES . S ? OKE 5 BI KTHSK 1 F AT THE DBimj-LASB THBATBB . ^ jas , Old Drary , ana 13 thy nama \ &Bd tiij deserved--wide-spread fame jo i * blasted by Hich trickster ' s game , In name of Truth ? ^ 3 ia shaU tby Master , Shakspeaie ' a page , 33 jnToted to -serve an iron age And iron masters , on tby stage . Who blight our youth ? Shall they tteo Shntopeare ' a brethren bind " * To feed tbfi £ tb and rack the mind , Jf or treat them even as human kind , But mere machines ? gaB tbey essay to speak of vrronj , Aod < 5 npe the taxing , trusting tlsron ? , 3 * 0 think Srey'll stand tween -weak ana strong , Yet take the means . Whereby the poor did live of old ; Ifaril within the -wide-spread fold Of death their thousand slaves are roD'd In lack of hire ? Yet fio they dare on these to call To help Hssan &H the -world t' enthrall , X" iuvolvS in crnel competition all Till avarice tire . dey-prate of Freedom ! -which 1 b still jo obey a tyrant master ' s will , incl ty onr toil their coffers fill , And bow the neck . Prom isfeucy onr children toll 3 b facfries . health and mind to spoil , fFjjsrs vice and crime onr efforts foil To hold in ekeck . ¥ 01 the » they ask-ns 1 Shall -we league ? 3 io ! rather from heaven any plagna ^ 2 » t 2 ? atnre operates 'we'd crave Than such as this . Proa the " Extension * lords ire tar n , 2 Hte theii call and tailing spam ; ? oi laifecty onx bosoms burn"We Trill "be free . ¦ DJMnL S . J .

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      Hr . ( hstkr , in his leel Papers" of the current week , its given Ms opinion < m the bill <> f Sir James finiiio on Factory Labour and Education , We sne&e * jreat number of onr readers -will read ¦ jmh interest the lemarks of their old friead , and tn liercfore makano apology for insertingthe entire lettei . He ihns addresses-the Minister : — Jo ihe B » i *} Bon . Sir Jama Graham Bart M . P ., her Ha&tfs Principal Secretary of Stele / or the Home BevarimaL

      gj ^ Sissy are icquines ^ bich are made me , from all parts of the i&ctarj districta , by masters and men , "Djyon approve ol the Bui for regulating the employment d children andymeg persons in Factories , ¦ which Sir Jama Graham introduced on the 7 th nIL to the Housa of Commons V I haTe resolved , in this letter , to ansTra- all those inquiries . I call jour most serious attention to my remarks on Skat delieate sna important subject , because I am irell awxre that & » i » uo person in » condition to give yon better inicisna&jn or more soosd advice . It ii a question which is pecaliarly my own—to it I hare deTDtedmore time and labour than any other man . Ih&TeinTestigated it in all its bearings—I haTe pursued it ihongh all its ramifications . I am intimately fcequsmted "with ersry class -of persons toTtfcicii it refers—I know all this interests which

      2 embrsees . I may add , too , without fear ef * neceswnl , BoairoTSsoa , that I enjoy the confidence of that large ' and mesSmterestiBs class of my idlow mlgects , whom it loors esperially sSeets— " the children sad youag-per- ' joes employed in factories , " as well as of the better por- tjnncftbeir employers . " 1 "Wittier it is viewed in a religions , moral , pfayanl , social , political , or commercial bearing , I ja * re clOEely invesng&ted and deeply pondered on Us tScta . Ism , indeed , no noTice 03 the Factory Question . I iwa Eteg nsaay years in the heart of the factory dis- , faka—IhaTc takenamost actnrepaxt in that interest- w , acauoa , which has at length issued m your Facto- ^ af ^ sstHs&on ^ m . >

      JSj fate dnrhig the years I haTe been doomed to a prism tas . ir . detd , separated me from mere actiTe exerr . Saam that cause , bat has ziot ^ interrupted my commnnations ¦ siih the employtrs and the employed . No ifep hss been taken by them -without my knowledge . Hj banisnment snd retrrement hare afforded me the iai oppartmutj of calmly reriswiog every part of that , suet is ^ KEting end i&tric&te question;—they hare cabled me to do 20 entirely direited of that : Easterns ! aad enthnsasm which participation In the at&B btaJseEs of agitation necessarily inspirta . If I , TeraJsild zad energetic in tte field , I haye been calm \ Sd eontenipiatiTe in my celL !

      IhsT&jsaad-eaecsh to claim yonr attentien to my ob-ETatJons en a snt ^ ect t ? ith which circuHistances haTe JOT coEEcctfed your name—a question -whidi can ssrez be mooted -without ferlDging mine to the T" ^ nn » i leedlssticn . ily annrer to all who aak my opinion—and , as I isn tdd you . thsy 2 re manj—Lb , J eniirdy disapprove fflhe BUI which you have vdredsced . If it be realiy J Dtjed to seitle tie Q = e £ tion , you baTe mistaken Sbswiy—If year iiitenKon i » to render it still more isiiafaig , Toatiotts , and intricate than It has erei istee been , you baTe succeeded . And why ?

      In addition to the Tery objectionable points in I « ord ilSfearp ' s Jaclory Emulation Act—the two seta , gangs , Q ifcljys of children , and the Trxatioits and unconstifefikaal , as well aj expensiTe HjBtem of inspectiony » fcm now introdnced those fearful engines of nafiaaJ discord , "the 2 few Poor Iaw" and "the Gom-JiaStse of CsuncH on Eiucation , " fcy connectnig with Bxzl tliB juiministraiion of the Factories Begulation AJft . Had yen been weQ-mformed with respeci to the fcdh f thai perrsdea the minds of the people of Engisad . jou'SetJd ba" ? e been Bnre that the introduction rftbtae fr&h and irreleTant sul-jects of contention int » fis factory qnsstion -scenid icfailiWy prore fatal to its jaeefnl ara proper settlement .

      I co not mean that you cannot carry it through Parlia-Jsait—Here it is now proved that yon are omnipotent ; bat in the comtry , you ought to baTe known that the 231 -srMth ; ycn hsTe jntrodneed will be the fruitful * 5 oks of increasing strife ^ and of still greater per-J lenty . Tcoj iVienjp ^ ^ establish ihe'JIe'w "Poor law more insljb y meaia of thePactones IWgnlation Act—your Sfcaa cf remoTicg . by the same mtana , the ednfistion d tbk people ent rely fxom the Church , ( if yon are per-®« £ a to let in the -wedjre you will Boon dme it home , ) 3 M placrog it in the hands of " the Committee of Vassal

      on E-iucation , * will , « rentuaUy , raise up an * Kwaiion Iron ) the Church ar . d the peopls , , to which , * aasps&s ^ , fee present muriEurings of the Pisseaiera * H Ve only asa gentle i .-pbyr . Aiain , yturBill is a rttrpgade moTement—sdding to , "Seaa of diminishing , tee cruelties of the factory f&m . Ton have lowered the age at which -children ** B is be admitted into tie mills frem nine to eight TJkb I and , by th £ r * dncfion -of their term of labour from * j 8 & to iix aisd a half hours per day , yon haTe "sjraKd the actual factory labour for all . ftb .-. Ta *? nteHi years from twelre working hours to thirteen jerSsy !

      ^ " ^ a ? on may pass s ^ ch an impolitie and delaslTe ^^ rere In Pariiament ~ yoji will find , howeTer , that the ^^ rj can neTsr be satisfied with it 8 * 2 ™ inU : Od to P Te iorce to the future agitation of we nefery question , joa -will joss yoni Bin ; Jf you ^^* emo 7 e Uiax irritatiou from the body politic , you ¦^ jwthdra * it , and allow Lord Ashley to settle the pss&m . * Jk ^* e ffle , Sir , the only reason why the factory !^ wn has l > eenailtrffecl to Elumber , is , because the TSJf * the factory children wtre resolred that Lord ¦ " P * B Act eb-nnW Vis-oo o fo ?» W 5 . 1 TJrat : Trial ¦ has is

      2 f ^ B ? t » En—it pro-red , Bay , sdmiusd , lo be a , gj ^ Jearfcl -wai be ths coming strife , when ; ^ pa ring elsmects -wikai yoo hare now thrown into fe ^^ " ^ aen'Jj intricate q-reation shall be added i «» Z 6 ' ^^ ksv 6- «> many ye 2 is , diiturhed the ; ^ g ^ c tenng districts . ] —^ T ^* to recg"fe a iTice- Abandon your measure xzsa ^ 'ZiS tf > OBe ' i ? ho - cn tfcia qnestioa at least , pas- i | j ^* * = pEno ? itowledge— to one who zrjofis the con- ; gs ef fiie cs ? untiy , 3 nd-sho onght to possess that 2 ^ 2 aeat ;_ j £ t i . 5 rd Ashley be the statesman who ^* * aUa this quesdoa , so innch his csb . Bo ibia , ( " ^ a yoa -sitf not hare occaaon to repent . j ^ n-jaist you are stni more embarraEEiDg theXegUla- \ La « il 6 ItetcrI 7 qnesSon , it is my dutj to dibencum- 1 ifaZ r ^ I 0 £ e perplexities which ha ^ e aln-ady be- 1 ¦^ . ^ C niinds of many persons who are only ! ' ^ " ^ aconabitefiTFfo . rtA « M ^^ I few who have not Sad ; ' ; j I I I !

      , ^^ are persons heard of " - j 2 ? J « i Hours Paetory Bill "—of the enthusiastic ^«^ - * hieh was made in its 5 Dpportr-and of the j ~!? £ ; » o . -fh ulent opposition which . was raised ^ rft > o ^ its * nj ? 01 teM by-aT £ ry iBffcnemlal por-Jt ^ - ^ 7- ' »» st 6 nand their friends . k ^^ , J » belleTea by maBy , lmi it iB Bererthe-^^^ awltfi BUI was elmply intended to guard all fc ^ J ^ v- one yeaa from factory m ^» k wori—to ] * S ^ ?^? Bader = «» 7 « rs of ate from factory 5 Jte » * or 2 ?* ^ peHons *« tweennme and eighteen ] * -4 xr ^ . * S ^^ ^^ «*« d more than «» hoBM ela . *^ " ^ ' fi'cbjries , making , with two hours for VtoX ??**'* W 0 Ji ot twelT& houre . In faet , it w » a 1 iee ^^ t . t ** 5 " S * Hours B 51 ;—ii ought to h * Te i ^ ™ " » i « t ft really wra a TTTEL 7 E Hours BilL ? ^ iTIS ™ . '" ^ aiert demand was , strongly u it j " Reported b ; the eTidence -of tlerfTmen , magis-:

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      i $ « e ? £ -S " " iEteaa * to alt » Qsi > to

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      trates , in % 5 iC 3 l men , mill-owners , factory workers , and f the most respectable p ^ rlion of society , it so happened ; that a few Tery wealthy and very oppressWe mUl-1 owners had infoenca enough * ith the Whin G-rrum- i : neat to defeat Sad ) er " s renaoaable end benevolent in-, tentlons ; aad sft-r h&Ting had -no fewer tl » n foUT ParUamentary Reports on the subject , nftet innnmarable J pnblic meetings and petitions in faveur of Sadler ' s bU 2 , j the Whig MLiniBters -were persnaded that aroll more In-} formation was required ; and after haTing obtained all this mass of eTidence , a Royal Commission was a tually issued , in order that the Comml 8 s \ oners miijht traTtrse the country , " see with their own eyes , and hear witn their o-bti ears , " and then report to the GaTemment the result of their inquiriea and obserTaliona . What under-hand , unfair , and powerful ii flaencs was nsed to perrert their Report , it is not for » e to explain —suffice it 10 * ay , one of their body , Mr . Stuart , pub-] lished the astounding fact , that the printed R po . t of 1 those Commissioners was no more like the Report of j those men who were appointed to inTestigate the ca » e , 1 than ^ ould be the Report of any twtlTe man whom 1 -we might meet by chance any day in St . PauVB

      Church-J yard . I Be this as it may , that false Report was adopted ; j and under its recommendation the present 'Factories ' I Regulation Act was introduced , on behalf of the Whig j GoTernment , by Lord Althorp , and passed by the , Legislature . That measure was opposed by Mr . SadJtr oat of tfce House , ( who , trader the Rsform Bill , lost his se ^ t . ) and I by Lord Ashley in the House—his Lordship ha- » ing J kindly undertaken t-- > become the Parliamentary guar > j dian of Sadlnrt Ten Hours Bill , when its originator had I unhappily been rejected by two Reform Biu consti-• tuencies . Although Sadler was supported by tbe factory people with an enthusiasm which is almost with' out pre « edent , ( I remember that a petition was signed by upwards of 48 , 000 from Manchester , implorinj ; the Toters of Leeds to return their frfei-d , i still it was all j in vain—tyranny , falsehood , and deceit prevailed over i jnstice and truth—Sadler was ifjected . Leeds is now Teaping the bitter fruits of that oay ' s work . But aithongh Lord Althorp ' s Bill was opposed by "Mr . -Sadler , Lord Ashley , and all the friends of the i factory children , it was supported by "the bit of a j Parliamtnt of mill-owners who assembled in Palace I Yard , * ' ( as Mr . Stuart , one of the Commissioners , calls ithemj ; aad that gentleman informed the public why it } Tfas thus aapported , y » : because * ' thay r : he mill *

      j owner *] knew that It was impracticable . ' " i When Lord Althcnp * s Bill came into operation , the i opponents of Mr . Sadler jwbo had supported Lord ' . Althorp in Parliament ) endeaToured , by eTery means , I to increase the difficulties and vexations which tbe , factory workers were exposed to by its operation . j If complaints were made to them , they were accus-( tomed to say to their work-people , " Gto to Sadler and j Oastler , it Is they who have caused you all this trouble , vexation , and loss ; they saia they were your friends , go and aak them to relieve you now I " The operatives were not to be thns delnded—they well knew that the Ten Hours BUI of Sadler contained - , no vexatious clauses ; that it was simple and efficient ; in its operation , containing % clanse fer the imprisoni ment of those mill-owners who offended the third time against it * enactments , instead of that awarm of spies . which Sadler ' s opponents had introduced in their Fac-: ' . tory BU , under the title of Inspectors—a Tace ef men -wheEe existence can nerrer be tolerated under a free . Constitution , j The very men who , with the aid of the Whig G > 1 vemment , had succeeded in forcing Lord Althorp ' s Act , against the united tfforts of Mr . Sadler , Lord Ashley , 1 their innumerable friends , now became the most 1 bitter opponents of Altborp ' s Act , and , failing to excato the operatlTea against Sadler and his friends . ( made aereral attempts in Parliament to get rid of : the Factory Act , as they expressed It , " bit by . bit "

      ¦ In eTery effort they haTe hitherto failed—the operatJres haring resolTed to giTe Althorp ' a Act a fair Wai , and , if possible , obtain Sadler ' s bill . "WheneTer their opponents have mooted the question in Parliament , their friend Lord Ashley has been ready with Sadler " B Ten Hours Bill . Thus the matter sto&d in Parliament and the Country , until you introduced your bill on the 7 th ult . Since then , you know what a storm you h / AVe raised , but you do not know the hurricane that is brewing . I haTe , thought It due to the friends © f Sadler ' s Ten Hours BQ 1 to state these facts , because I know that thersr are tiisnsands of persons who belitTe that Sadler ' s bill was passed , the truth being , that he w . ib defeated ; and Lord Ashley has never yet been able to carry that * impl » . wise , and efficient measure . 1 It can neTer be too strongly impressed upon the pnblio mind , that Mr . fiadlfcrt Bill recognzsd no Infraction on i thi Constitution , by the expensive establishment of : espipnare under inspectora , superintendents , fee . Mr . , Sadler'fi Bill did not encumber the factory question with \ the subject of Education—Mr . Sadler's Bill did not re-« egn » zs the employment of tws fangs of children ; it I "was a simpls proposal to forbid factory night work for , those under twenty-one years of age—it forbad more , than ten tours work per day for those between nine and ; eighteen years—excluding , of course , nil under nine ; yean from being worked in factories . This was all that Sadler proposed—he encumbered the question with no other sulgect . Tot proposing that measure , ar . d for no other crinte , the talented , beneTolent , and high-minded Sadler was driven from Parliament—he waa persecuted with a virulence unequalled—he was charged with the blackest crimes , nay , even with meditating assassination—he was hunted from his natiTe land , drivtn into exile , until , is Ireland , heart-broken , he died ; and that country , on which his work has immortalized his name , found him a graTe . It gives me the highest satisfaction when I remember that in that cause , with thai man , I was counted worthy of- persecution . Believing , as I do , that the factory question wiD neyer be satifactorily settled whilst the system of " relays' * is continned , I am anxious to rescue my friend Sadler's memory from the suspicion of Ms havio * ever acquiesced in that impolitic system . No man opposed it more steadily thin Sadler—it was obtained in direct contradiction to his wishes . In his letter to the Commissionera , on that subject , he said : — " Rtlays 1—the very term is disgusting ; * the comparison between the management of human ereatnres and that of cattle is , ' as Hume says , ' shocking ] ' But even In any snea comparison , the physical condition of the iEfsntile labourer , under the ' relay' system , would sink infinitely below that of the brute . * * The qnartionls , whether the ayatem , a * now pursued , is injurious to the growth , destructive to the health , and fatal to ibe life itself , of mnJtitndes of human victims , in the beginning of their days ; and not whether Mr . This , or Mr . That , may get £ 20 000 per annum or only two-thirds or ha ! f of that sum , by thuse infant * gania' which the legislature of England , to Its eternal disgrace , has too l « ng trusted to his tender mercies . * _•*?•*

      { " Bst attempt such a measure , and , -without pro-1 fessing the gift ef prophecy , I Tentnre to prognosticate thai a struggle -will commence which every friend of '¦ humanity and his conntry will have to deprecate . " * 1 That' measure * has been attempted' —that struggle " has ' commenced . ' The distress of the manufacturing population , which has iasoed in ths late cut-• breaks / is a warning to be remembered—an evil to be ' cepreeatfcd . * i If yon will haTe two sets of factory workers under ] thirteen years of age , you must always haTe a donble ; number of tho * e who are akove that age , being a snr' plus of < ine-half more thsn can ever be employed . The j ; surplus must always press npon the wages of the moietj who are employed , and thns they must depress the : wages to the very lowest point The unemployed will : necessarily be forced upon society as paupers , beggars , or thieves . ! With the system of * relays , 'this will be the resnlt , ; which , as sure as effect followB cause , nature herself : prescribes . " It is in vain that you attempt , by ' Educa-; tion , * to prevent a necessity imposed by the la-ws of j nature . 1 j If yon will train up donble the number of persons to any bnsinM 3 which number cannot , by any possibility , ¦ be employed , yon thus TiecessarVy disorganisa society . ) I have no . hesitation in pronouncing ray opinion thai ' ) very much of the distress and consequest discontent of j the manufacturing operatives has its cause * n Lord I Alihorp's system of "relays "—nay , the Prime Minister hiinsfcjf asserted the same thing , when he said , that the , immigration of labour from the agrisoltnial district * into those districts which are the seata of manufacture was one cause of the di&tress ; for everybody knows that ; it was the children from the agricultural districts , not j the adults , who were required by the manufacturers , j The chii'iren were wanted to make np the two sets or i

      ! | | relays in the factories . j Under sr # dTCUTttsLmcts , the training * np to a given 1 employment twice the number of persons «* ho can pos- j Ebly find work in ihat branch of labour , mns't , ofnaxs- * sily , create disorder aad distress ; but , nnder tl >« opera- j tion ef the New Poor Liw , which removed tL ^ ° ^ 7 \ prop upon which labonr could lean in the fierce C * i * x& ! made by capital npoa its valne . that disorder and ^ J 8 " tress must be accelerated and increased . j Do I jniuepresent the tendency of the NewPoor Law ? " ^ Am I mistaken Jn its sad and sickening effects on the ; value of labour and on the condition of the industrious portions o ! sedety ? Read , then , its character and its effects from your most influential and able snpporter : — " The New Poor Law place * labour absottttdy at the mercy of capitalist * The poor must work , starre , or suffer a penal imprisonment , under the prbfislons of ; thai law ; but the capitalist finds ihat be employs them to mot * adTaotage by allowing interrals of idlenes * . during which they stotte , or rot In workhouse * . By this be makes most mosey , that is , accumulateB capital most rapidly , to enable hta » to prolong the interrals of idleness , and penal imprisonments in time to come . " — The Standard ; April Ifh , 1843 . Marie , then , how-tbe system of relays , or fcwo sets of juvenile workers ; most inereaae the much abused power of the capitalist , when aided fcy the nrpernuHierary anny ' of adult opersttrea , being the sarpltta created of the relay ' system , au of "whom are waiting for employment at any price rather than submit * to starre or to a penal imprisonment , ' Again : —

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      " The Npw Poor Law has , in fact , placed in the hands of veaUh a perfectly despotic power o ? tr the labour of the peopler-an . aa ? bo ? ity which the rich bav « abused , aaS -wiU continue to ahu » e . until the evil shall reach tbtnu ^ lves , as in < i- ecl it is already rendiin !? mw of them . The disUesa of the lost four years may , we firmly heii-ve , be traced to the New Poor L- \ w in a far greater degree than U > any other cause . Tfte rensun if simple and o >> Tioo « : that iaw deprives the poor of THE POINT OP KES 1 STANCB which , bt KNABLI > G THE LAB-UJtBR TO MAKE TERMS . IMPOSED A RESTRAINT UPOM EilPLOVEIiS ami chtrtiteti ntuT . j them that spirit of gambling , and tha 3 FURF OF coiPETiTioN , which have all but involved the country in tuin .

      " It ia not merely that by the new law capitalists are enabled to bring machinery into unequal and fatal rivalship -with human labour . THE LAW WHICH PLACES A REDUNDANT BODT OF LABOURERS ABSOLUTELY at the command op employers ENABLES TUB LATTER TO MAKE WHAT TEK \ S THEY PLEaSE with those upoa -whose toil THS . T GROW RICH . "—The Standard , April 10 , 18-13 . Will you add power to 'the despotic power of wealth' ? Will you remove to a -still greater

      distance the poor man ' s ' point of resistance' agaiiiBt that abused authority' ? Will you mightily augment that * redundant body of labourers , ' to enable tbe capjtsiuta with more ease ' to make what terms they please * ? Yes , Sir , you will do-all this If yon per-ist in pacing any factory bill with two sets" of infantile labourera . Then let its title ba , "An Aet to perpetuate and increase distress j" for it ia clear , that any Act of Parliament which incorporates the system of two sets of infant factory labourers , can only be a law to aug ment the manufneturmf ; emoarraBsmbnt .

      If you will rot b « warned by Sadler—if the asserti » n of tke Prime Minister him . « elf most be diswgai < itd , yon may go on legislating for evil , until natioc . il calamity shall over-ride all oar institutions . In that day , remember you have been solemnly warned by your victim . I think I have now answered every inquirer . None ean any longer be asking , " What does tb . 9 ' King ' think about Sir James Graham ' s Factory Bill ?" There was a time when Sadler ' s Ten Hours' Bill would have satisfied the necessity of the case . He demonstrated that ten hours per day was the longest time that persons under twenty-one years of age could

      worb in factories without certain injury . He was always of opinion that that period was much too long , and regretted that the prejudices of hia opponents furbad any feope of obtaining & milder measure . Subsequent experience and ob . « er * ati ( ms by the Factory Commiasioners have established that eight hours a day waa the utmost limit tbjtt children under thirteen years could safely be employed . Still more rtcent evidence has convinced you . that six and a half hours is the maximum period of labour that ought to be awarded to children in factories- Be it so—I am the last pereon to object to roar discovery , and to the necessary mitigation of the snSerincs of the factory workers .

      The result , then , of eTery investigation on this moat important subject , on your own showlrg , is this : — where machinery is worked by children , six and a half hours a day ia the longest limit that nature has awarded ; and , since it is demonstrated that two sets of children cannot be employed without deranging Bociety , by the production of a nonble supply of the older factory " hands , " ( one-half of whom must always remain unemployed . ) yoa will , if yea regard natural causes and tffects , arrange yonr machinery so as entirely to exclude children , or , he content to adopt your own discovery , and make six and a half hours a day the maximum of factory labour .

      All this comes of the resistance to Stdlet ' s plain , simple , and efficient Tm Hours BilL The d'JjiouHies have leen created by the enemies ol Sadleif—it is for them now to prove that they haTe betn deceived , or at once submit U the natural consequences of their own discoveries ; one thing being certain , that , in the long inn , two Bets of children xriil Inevitably upset the social system . Do you ask zne what would be the result of an Act for six hours and a half for all ages ? I answer . — higher wages and better profits , because a sure and constant demand would be the result . I shall only add my solemn entreaty that you will ser iously te&ect on this most important question , und more especially on the " relay * ' point . I have much to say on your Education scheme . I will not connect it with the factory question , because it has just as little reference to that Bill as it has to the Bill for the new Jiving machine .

      If yen persist in placing the education of the people in tbB hands of " Ibo CommiUee of PriTy Council *—thereby making the Clergy the ra > re pnppeta of that Committee—you will lay a mine under tbe Church , which , whea it is blasted , will involve every Institution , from the Throne downwards , in irremedable ruin . If , ou Xix % other bar « i , y « u force your children to leceWe and to pay for an education in which they or their parents have no choice , you commit & fiigrant injustice . At the earliest convenient season yon shall have TRJ opinion on that subject Mbbtwhile , let me urge you to ssparate it from the Factory BUI , else yon will create such an agitation " as you aie little aware of . The Dissenters baTe glTtn the war-cry ; but depend upon it . Churchmen are not dumb . This new-born dissenting * -al for tbe factory children has made me smile . I will tell you why when J can find space .

      I have now only room for a very , very curious decument I shall not say much about it . It is in itself very elsqwnt . . A jjtntleman wished to see a union workhouse- He applied to -Mr . E Jmn Chadwick for an introduction . He received the following note ; bnt , although h 6 was a foreigner , he knew the difference between " desire " and " need . " He fancied that he might " desire to know that which the servant of toe Commissioners might think i % not " Deedful" to c « nimumcate ; 80 being indisposed to be humbugged , he declined the visit £ Eow the note came into my hands , I shall not at present inform you . This is a true c « py : — ¦* ' Poor law Commission Office .

      " SiB , —Mr . being desirous of seeing an Eiii-. isb workhouse , conducted under the regulations made by virtue of tht Poor Law Amendment Act , the Commissioners desire that you will show him over the Win < iBor Union Workhouse , and give Mm stich information as as he may [ desirtj need . I am , Sir , " Yonr obeilie'it servant , " E . CHaDWICK , Secretary . " " To the Master of tho Windsor Workhouse . " The word " desire" had been first written—it was crossed out , and tbe word " need" was inserted in its stead . This proTes that suppression and concealment are a part of tbB CommiBsoneis' system .

      If a father were thus to solicit bis son , " I am in need—in need—I ' desire' yotir aid ; " and if the son -were to retort , — " You begat me—you could not belp it—I owe you nothing—there is no need' that I should respond to your ' desire ;'" tho difference between 11 desire" and ' need . ' would be painfully manifest . Does Mr . Edwin Chad wick understand me ? I am yonr Victim , Kichard Oastler .

      Untitled Article

      A Letter from Tripoli , of the 4 th instant , Ftafes that the district of Gcbel , being in full insurrection , the Pacha has sent out an expedition , with ten pieces of cannon , and a mortar , to reduce it to subjection . There has bken a great increase of insolvency amongst the tarmiug classes throughout Ireland during the last twdve months . In counties wh . re the average number of cases had been twenty , they are now eighty . In previous years the number of cases for heariDg in the Courts of Ulster and Connaught amounted to about two hundred ; this year were nearly 800 cases .

      A Pigeon shooting match took place at Tilbury , on Monday last , wh > n , after the sport was over , the company , amongst whom were a number of conntrymen , retired to an inn for dinner , when a- dispute arose between the countrymen and soldiers ; the consequence was , & regular battle ensu « . o . Tho soldiers , haviDg rather the worst of it , sent to the barracks for s , reinforcement , making their number about eighty . Bloodshed was the order of the nij ; ht , and it was with threat difficnlty . tbas ihe fight was pat an end to , the soldiers using their bayonets With-, out mercy . It waa , ho we ver , ascertaiaed t hat eleven soldiers were in the hospital , and about twentyiunder punishment of drill .

      SufPtCTBD MtTRDEB AT MlDDLESBOnOVGS , —COSadorable excitement is at this tima ( Thursday ) prevailing in this town , near btcckiofl-upo . -j Tees , in consequence of a belief , which is generally entertained , that a foul murder has been perpetrated , which is now involved in mystery . It appears that early on Tuesday morning Mr , Wnoriton , a grocer , residing in Stockton-street , observed , aa be was carrying the shutters of hia shop into an adjoining passage , that the-walls and floor were sprinkled with blood , an # on a closer examination he found pieces of human hair clotted with blood . This at first exc 5 . *« d his surprise , and afterwards aroused suspicion in his mind , and he Bent for tbe police-officers Ord "and Elliott , v ? bo immediately requested the attendance of the medical gentlemen in the town . ' 1 "'heir opinion was . that from the great quantity of

      bkHHi which had been shad , the person must save rece \ v © d considerable violence . Two women and * man * k ° ^ ve house-near—a common brothelhive i ^ aeo taken into custody , bnt nothing has been elicited fi » m them to explain the , appearance of the blood anc * lair above referred to ; btt * tbej « re kept separate , *^ they , pwriricate and eont » diet each otter so m . Vb » to give cotonr to the so BpieionB whieh are en . ^ rtained . One of the women vr&s also observed to ¦ n'tihsome blood off the door-step at & very early hour in the morning ; and to withdraw hastily into the he' ^ e ** won as any one came within sight . It appears * h » t a person who intended to emigrate in a ship ca- ^ ed the Lavina is missing j and the vessel sailed on Wednesday , ; leaving behind some property belong * , - ? to him . ^ The river and other places have been examined , tut tho body has not been foand . The mo ^ diligent inquiries are making on the subject , but xip to the present time without success .

      Untitled Article

      Several Farmers of tho North aad Eat Ri < fin . /« of Y- > ikshir . < are rurning their attentien to the cnltivaiinj ] of fljjr , and som <" . experienced men ( vryl grounded in the growing of S . x ) » r <»« n BeLiuii are engaged i ' or that nM ^ jsn . —Durham A'ivcHtser . On ^ aturtut morning , the 22 id ins * ., » dran ^ ht , consisting ot 187 men beionKUitf to the Hon . Ea < t India Company ' s Infantry , marcied from Brompton barracks to Graveaend , where they embarked from the Custom-house quay on board the ship Alexander for-Ronibayi FxrcimoN ov Jamks Ford . —Wo understand that Mr . Justice Maule , before he left Chester on Wedntisciay morning , fixed the execution of this unhappy youc * man , for the murder of Samuel Suaw , tor Saturday , the 29 th instant , ( this day . )

      It is currently reported in the law circles that Lord Abinger wil' retire from the Bench at the end of the present 'f .-rm , and will be eufcecded by the Attorney-Genera ! , and that Fnzroy Kelly , Esq ., will be the new Solicitor General . He ought to have retired long since . B y the ancient laws of Hungary , a man convicted ef bigamy was condemned to live with both wives in the same house ; the crime was in const quenoe extremely rare . Sikgvlah Occukrence . — A brace of partridges havins been started b y << , My who wa >* walking in the fields a tew days since , near tho High R > othia « windmill , one of the birds , in rising , flew against the sails of the mill , which were ai the time in motion , and instantly fell lifeless to the ground . —Essex paper .

      Ou Tuesday morning , a c-nviet from the county of iVfent -h , named Kellett , was found to have ' commuted suiciiie in hU ceil , ite took the straw out of hia bed , iwisted it into a rope , and hanged himself . A bonk was fosnd ia which he had written a few Hues , asking forgiveness of God for the rash act . Ketteit was under amteuce of transportation . Constantinople , March 29 . —Upwards of 30 , 000 men , partly regular troops and partly militia , are concentrated at Bagdad , with sixty pieces of artillery . At Erzerum there are likewise about 30 , 000 jnni , with forty nieces of the best Turkish artillery . The Pasha of Bagdad has received orders to resume immediately , on the frontiers of Persia , the military P' "itions occu p ied by the Turkish troops before the officious interference of England and Russia .

      Canadian Beep . —Mr . G . Straker , of N « wcastle , astonished the butchers and brokers of tbe Quayside not a Mule on Wednesday last . He opened a cask of Canadian beef in their presence , and exhibited as fine &n article- as couH bo produced here , and which had only coat him 37 s . 6 d . per 2001 b ., or 2 ^ d . per pound ! " The proof of the pudding is in the eating ; we have tasied the beef , aud found it to be prime . —Gakshead Observer . SrairsQ — " The Spring has alwayB been remarked as a peiiod when { disease , if it be lurking in . the system is Pure to shew itself . The coldness of winter

      renders torpid the acrimonious Quids of toe body , and in this state of inactivity , their evil to the system is not perceived , but at the Spr ' iDg thpse are aroused , and if not checked , mix up and circulate with the blood , and thus t . e whole system is contaminated . Parr's L'fe Pills , taken three every night for tw » or three weeks , will rid th ° body of all that is noxious , and produce health and comfort . Per-ona troubled with scorbufcio aff . otions are strongly ativised to try tnom at this time of the year ; in a few days they perceive the pow .-rful clearing properties they pos-6689 , and thus be induced to continue them . "

      Crowds of Persons flocked yestt-rday afternoon to the quay of the St . Katharine Dock , near the fcugar-cruehiDg warehouse , to inspect a bomb-mortar and carriage , for the use of the Porte , that are to be shipped in a few days on board the barque Jupiter , Captain Hicks , for Alexandria . Tho mertar is one of the largest ever exported from England , its weight being 13 tons , and the bore 20 inohws diameter . Its carriage , which has been made of malleable iron , weighs 17 tons—total weight of mortar and carriage 30 tons ' . Previous to the arrival of the mortar in the St . Catharine ' s Dock , it was proved iii the royal dockyard at Woolwich , with a charge of 80 Jbs . of gunpowder .

      A Court-majitial was held at Chatham on the 20 th , on board of her Majesty ' s ship Poictiers , to try Lieut . Dewcs , of her Majesty ' s ship Herald , for replying in an insolent tone to Captaiu Alairs , his superior , and for refusing to go to his cabin when ordered . The Court found the first part of the charge proved , and admonished the prisoner to be more circumspect in his language ; on the second part , of the charge the prisoner was honourably acqurtod ; when ho was immediately surrounded , by stvt-ral effioers , who shook him by the band , and on his leaving the ship , tbe crew oi the Herald gave several rounds of cheers .

      Plain Speaking to Parliament . —The following is a copy of iho m > vel petition presented by Dr . B ering from an elector of this borough , and which caused quite a sensation in the House of Commons on Monday evming : —'' Tnat your petitioner is of opinion , that the solo object of the bread-tax is to make bread scarce , and , conbequently dear , in ordtr to increase the rent rolls of individual m < mbers of your Honourable House , so that you are legislating for your own interests , at the «» xp « nse chiefly of tho poorest wretches in the land . Tiat this kiud of class legislation endangers the very existence of the Constitution . That the people will never be contented

      ana happy , bo long as they are compelled , to pay a tax on every morsel of food they eat , and that , not ior purposes of revenue , but to go into the pockets of monopolists . Your petitioner would , therefore , pray your Honourable House to take off ihifl , the most odious of all taxes , by at once and for ever repealing the corn-law * . And your petitioner would also pray , Vhat if , at any time ' , another bread-taxmg bill should be brought before your Honourable House , it may be intituled * An Act for the bettor enabling the Landowners to rob poor Factory Children and others . ' And your petitioner will ever pray . "—liollon Free Press .

      Hunting the " Oiti One . "— -This morning ( TuesdBj ) at a very early hour a vast number of the lowur classes assembled in a field at the rear of Mr . M ; iloomson ' s house . Some of the more n apeotable classes , who were a ~ ur at that time , and passing in the vicinity , very naturally inquirod what was ihe cause of so great an assemblage at such an early bour , The answer given to their very great surprise , was , " that the d » ivil was traced all the way from Cu&iiel across to Mr . Batik ' s field , and that tho pr nt of his toot was quite visible , the ground being burnud . " Yoang and old , halt and lame , were after him , and the clinse was kept up vvuh a spirit that

      completely buSLns description . Walls , fences of every kind , and rivers , were taken iu the nioat snorting style to catch " the old boy ; " and one oi the foremost said " that he had justgot a glimpse of him , " and that" he was a genteel-looking mau" On went the chase , and in the mean time iatelligenco of . the pursuit reached tke mayor ( so much noise did the affair make ) , and his worstnp lost , no time in suaimoniug Dcius F -,, who , he . conceived , would be "a good man ' at overreaching him . Both W 6 re quickly mounted , and soon the ; Grossed on the hunt ; but the devil was out of sight when they came np with the pursuers , and no traoe of him was visible . Hundreds during the day were to be seen going in the direction where the foot-prints were . — Ttpperary

      Constitution . Ths Prince of Wales ' s Household . —The public will see with iufiniie satisfaction that the Prince , of Wales is about to have a sepcrata household . Some have imagined that a baby-housts is alluded to , but we have ascertained that such is not the case , and the following may be relied on as b&ing as accurate a list as it is po& >] bl& to obtain of the projected establishment : — ; Master of t-he * Rocking Horso . Comptroller of th .: Juvemle Vagaries . Sugar buck in Waiting . Cap . ain of the ( Tin ) Guard . Black Rod in Ordinary . Master of he Trap Ordinance . Clerk of the Pea Shooter . Assistant Battledore . Lord Privy Siiuttleouck , Quartermaster General of the Oranges .

      It is not yet decided by whom these offices are to be fiiltd , but there jj * no doubt his royal highnt'Ss win manifest considerable discretion in making the appointments for the " separate houshold" whicii hua been so properly assigned to him . —Punch . Caution to Advertising Females . —From tke following leitor , which has been addressed to the editor ot a Manchtser paper , it wonld appear that similar infamous practises have peon attempted in the provinces to those recently carried on in the metropolis . The writer says— " I wish , through the medium of your journal , to give publicity to some infamous attempts which hav « been made to bring ru n on several of a Oats of ladies who , being otien friendless and unprotected , are exposed to the

      machinations of the liceiitious . A few cases have come to mj knowledge when governesses have advertised for situations , or replied to advertisements , and have received-letters purporting to be from a neighbouring town , and after a letter or two have passed between them relating to terms , &o ., interviews have been requested . The writers stated , that , » b they came to Manchester only once a week , the interviews must take place at the houses where they lodge . These have been proved to be brothels of a superior dtscripiioD , and being in rather respectable situations , and having decent external appearances , may

      easily be taken for boarding-houses of a scondary class . In the cases alluded to , the parties have been prevented entering the houses : by theinterferenoe of the neigbbonrs and other accidental circumstances ; but there ia imminent danger of the innocent and unsuspecting girls becoming the victims of these wretches . Ladies ought not to go unaccompanied to any appointment at a place winch they do not know to be respectable . " The editor of the paper Bays that before publishing this leutj * he made private inquiries into the facts , and satisfied himself that , the caution of his correspondent bad not been given without sufficient grounds .

      Untitled Article

      N . TrcK * rrr , of Exttr , 1 timber-merchant , announci f , "hv public advertiw meat , that he has been '' iv-. rnfrnrgc-l to tho iu oai—tiX hy one th ^ u = and p-ui . ^ s , '' -tad ih ^ t he js lietermitied to gt ek some oihor ot . uii ' ry , * ' wbers th re ¦ w . ll be no inquisitors sent , to rack man kin a . " ; Laudable and Lvg \ l Abduction . —Mr . Pim , of Moantmellick , has lurcibly curried away his own wife . Mrs . Pirn , from the hotel : of the Wnite Q , u ikera in William-street . A chaise was brought to thi < d » ' «\ and 2 £ rs . Pim—one of the leaders of the sect—Jjanegaeea carried out in the arms of her husband , was placed in the car' -iage much against her will , end the vehicle drove off , amidst the cheers of die spectators . — World . ' ,

      C < -N , TAB 0 LAia ( lRELiiNr>)—T ) ie following is a statement oo th © amount and expanses of the constabulary force employed in Irelund on he i 4 . o * January list : —1 inspector-general , 2 dep ) ity inspectors sjfieral , 2 provincial in-peotors , 1 rcceiyv , I surgeon , 1 veterinary surgeon . 18 paymasters ; 35 county in . "p etors , 216 sab-inppsctors , 261 head Vionatables , 1 . 419 constables , 7 , 085 sub-consttib ' . ea . 304 horses , am ! 58 magistrates . Tho total expenspj "f the establishment for the year 1842 was £ 441 . 605 5 * 11 . ^ -1 , of which amount £ 263 , 473 5 s 2 j was bofu by the Consnli'Med Funrf , and £ < 7 ti I 320 o 9 H by thecoundon , eiues . aud tuwns of Ireland .

      What Next i—A Mr . Bain , of Wotton , mar Wiek , announce--- the di- ^ c-jvory io ; an electrical printing telbsraph , by means of which he can , " by one get of types , sot up a newspaper- m L < m < iuM , anii print it simultaneously in every toyrn in England and Holland , nearly us fast as the steam machine thr » ws off the sheets . " " This will beat-piano printing all to nothing . —Brighton Gazette . Completion of tub First i Instalment or the Chinese Ramsdm . —On Monday afternoon six wageons , each drawn by four horses , : trrriveri at the Royal Mint with upwards of one million and a quarter dollars worth of sycee sijfrer , beinsr tk * last moiety of the first inBtalment , r > - » me ! v , 5 , 000 . 000

      dollars of the Chinese ransom . | Tfie above precious stores arrived at Portsmouth ibnut tho middle of last , week in her Majesty ' s ship ! Herald , and one of tho principal officers in the Commissary department at tho Treaeury immediately jtook cuarge of 'he silver . During- Thursday and Saturday the Herald wag unloaded , and on Mo :: d * y the cargo was brought up to town by the Smi'h imptbn rsntwKy , under a strong military escort , an i in th » omirco o ? the day it wae safely deposited in the bullion storehouse- ' at the Mint . The silver , as on previous occasions , is packed itt strong wooden boxes ^ bearing tbe offio » al seal ot Sir H . Pottinger , and as the ( reasure passed through the City crowds of persons JoJ lowed the procession till it entered the gates of the Mint .

      Dublin Taxation . —We understand that application has been made to government to intrortuo a bill for abating tbe tax on cars jused \ a the UubHu police district , a large number of which belong to very poor men of the labouring Class , and in lieu of it to lay a local tax on private carriage * in aid of the police fHnd , The consent of the government has not , we hear , been obtatned as yet . jit is al *> o proposed to allow the use of job cars on payment of an annual license duty , which would bo a ^ reat public advantage , as a' present they cannot be used without risk

      01 incurring penalties tl / e law authorising on ' y the use of hired cars which have the ttam-s of the owners , with figure plares , on ; their bhaftp . The tax on j < ib carriages is undn- ^ tnod to b taxation to which the person * who can only use job carriages must contribute . Th « re tef of the poor on . rt owners is , however , the main argument , as wo understand , used in support of ihe change proposed . — World .

      Yankee Pugilism —On Friday ; even ing a singular scene took place in Lower East Smithfield , opposite St . Katherine docks , where a number of ruffiins were congregated to witness ft " gouging match" between two sailors belonging to one ot the American ships lying in those docks , who , having ! had a quarrel in one of the pubUchousoa iu the neighbourhood , turned out to eettle their differences after jthtir own fashion . The manner in which the fight ( . if such it m ly be calledl was carried on , was by catohing h r Id of each other ' s long shaggy hair , and twisting the fore finger through it , endeavouring to thrust the the thumb into the opponent ' s oye , by kicking , rolling ou the ground , and tearing at each other in every possible way . This exhibition continued for upwards of half an hour , amidst the yella of the mob ; until * he appearance of the police put an end to | ihe affray , before either ol the men had sustained a ^ y material ipjuiy , although both of them were covered with blood aud dirt . i

      Dublin . —Defeat op The Po ^ k Law Commissioneks . —At the sittint ot ihe j ^ ourt of Queen ' s Bench this moraiug , Mr . Justice B < mon cav . judgement iu the case of the guardians ot ihe union of Edenderry at the prosecution of ihe Poor Law Commissioners . Tiie learned judg < - ptatcd that judgement had been deferred in the hope that an amicable arrangement might hav « b-eu coma to between the guardians and the ocwm ^ sJoners . His Lordship then referred to the facts of the ra- 'e , which were briefly thesn : —It appeared tiiat an order was made by the Po » r Law Comwi ^ ionrrs for levying or borrowing a sum of £ 7 , 600 to Kuild " , a workhouse in Edendorry , King ' s County ; ih . ' i ( ord' < r wa complied with by the guardians , bu . a second order for the

      payment uf £ 1 , 250 was resisted by the fjuar <^ ans , » ud accordingly praceedings werei ; ak ^ n by w ^ y of mandamus 10 compel them to p . iy the motley . After a careful examination of th- ; statute , the learned judge intimated that the Court was of opinion 1 hat the rub for a mandamushy the commisaionerB shoul < fcj be discharged . * Tnut pok Mchder at M AhTA . ?— Private J ;» hn Nalur , 8 th r < g ., v » bo murdered Dr . Martin , was plao d at the bar of ths Special Commission on the 5 th met . The sitting oorami »» ioners' xvere Sir Igna- 1 tius Bonavita , Presireut , and Julgea Dr . G . B . i Satariano a d Dr . t \ Chap » lia . f'he prisoner was < oh * TK 6 ii with having , on ihe 6 > . h dayiof March , 1843 , discharged malieicusly , in cold blood , aud with a deliberate intention to kill or to di > some grievous bodily ; r ? jury , a firearm loaded wild b ^ il , or other

      materials at Dr . V / ilJi »» n Martin , ; wouedtng him i principally on tho right loin ana ihd intestinal tube , i and causing , iu conseqaenc-, almost immeaiateiy , 1 his death , again&t the public peace and ( ranqiniliiy , | and in contempt of our Sovereign Lady iht . Q > i » eu ¦ and the laws . The Crown-Aiiv « ci / te examined ihe I witnesses for the prosecution , a-xi this part of th « ' proceedings being concluded , Dr . Decaro , connsc ¦ . for tho prisoner , waa heard in hi ^ defence . Tiiu Jury I withdrew to delib-rate , and in an h ; our and a nulfi returned inro court witn tho f .-ljf . wring v ,: rd \ e , t : — ¦ "Proven unanimously , with tho ofoiararion of one ! of the jurors that tho prisoner acted ; undir a fit of t monomania . " Tue Crown-Advoeaie | rf > se and said , ) that the verdict was ountnt

      answered that . lh «> " verdici" Wjs olear , and pet .-, ceeded therefore to pass sentence . ISailor was con- ' demned to hard labour for life , with one chain , and ' w thout waues . i

      Death from Eating Poisonois Plants . —Thurg-1 day w .. ek , a womfcu uatned tlizv ^ th Tilbury , sixty- j five yrara of age , l ) v in ^ m S'o-t ' f-t ' aroen ? , St . i GiIcb ' k , wont into Covotu-girdt-n-markei tu piisk up ; some odds and onda of v . jji- 'aMew , wii . h which to ' make out a dinner , being too pu >« - : o buy oven the pennyworth that was necost-ary f < r that purpose aht ^ . oolleGted a ' Kail parcel uf ivlsa ' . ? ihe cc . isiaurol the sprouts of growsi out Oitisiw . look iheiu ho ; iie , and put several of them ii ; to an iron pot , wi . ld potuioes and fat , and fritd the tme ^ . s . Ai ' tr ' eating of the potNge she remarked 'o her son ., a labourer a ; a ontl ^ rV , tLa ; s ! , e was af-aid s < he had ' poisoned herself with the eprou . s , thcy ' i aviug ta ^ tud tu

      so odd , and she so ^ n beeae til , but w . ould not consent to have a surgeon sent . tor . UujGood FiiJdy , howev-vr , she t-vinced so much rk-j » r-d i « t : ia ! Mr Latten , a medical officer of the St . Giles ' s Infirmary , i was sent i ' ot by her friends , but be : ort' u > m gentle-1 man cou'ld arrive she was d . ad . T ^ e par- ebdl ' constable of the district , hi iring of b- circu . ii- > tsnC ' . \ , proceeded to tho hi . uso , and took ilio uudi-essisd i sprouts to Mr . Wakley , tho corou > r , jwhen ou ex aminati n they proved to be m < aiiowj saffron . It appeared thvt the symptoms unCrr which the docpast-d was said to have laboured wcra sitnilir to those which might be proiiupod by p < Msot > ou * doses ; of coichicum , which is made livm u is t ) lant .

      " If-TRRESTING CERrMON ? AT V 1 ENN 4 !"—VlfiNiVA , April 6—To-day bping tho tittietn aiiutvt-reary oJ his Imperial Hijrhness Archduke Charles ha ^ ini .- received the fc .. and cross of the niiluary or . der ot Maria Theresa , the whole gam * fin , to winch two return ' . at- , bearing the named the venerable prince had bi-en added , marched out to the ( iloc ^ a to a most magnificent parade . Several FpS ^ ndid tents bad been erected for the isiperial family &ud iheir suite . At ten o ' clock his Majesty the Emperor' arrived on horseback , accompanied by the archdukes , and the general officers of the garrison , aud escorted by tht-Hfe-guards . Their majestis , the two empresses , and the other illustrious ny mbers of the imperial family followed in op-n carriages , aud attended the high mass and " Te Daum , " performed ^ in . front of

      tbe troops , previously to which sahites had "been fired from all the guns on the ramparts ; aad immediately after the conclusion of tho solemn service , the emperor , embracing the Archduke Charles ^ decorated , him wi'h the cross of Maria Theresa , superbly set in diamonds , in sight of tbe immense crowd of spectators , and during " their loud and repeated acclamations and hurrahs . The arohduke then received the warm congratulations of the members of the imperial family , the other knights of the order , the generals , &o . The troops having afterwards dtfiled before his majesty the emperor , the whole imperial family and suite returned to the castle , where at two o'clock a eump ' . uous banquet took place in the hall of the knigh . s ot Maria Theresa , beautifully decorated for tUs occasion . Ot course all the knights of tho order were invitee . [ Ah ! these kines and queens !]

      Untitled Article

      It Appeahs , fri .-m th « Augsburg C ^ ze'te of the 19 h , that tho Russian " vltu' . Si « r at CountintitiOpls , on th ? ' 2 nd , waved on Sarim EfiL'ndi , the Minister ior Foreign Affairs , '' to xjomiauaicate to him the ultimatum of the Cabinet n St . Petersburgh reUtive to Servia . " " Russia requires that Prince Alexander , voluntarily aodicate the sovereissnty of that principality , and that in case of his rflfu ^ in ^ to d so , the Porto pronouuoe his depos >* ion , and orders new election . M . de Boutenieff had been mstruoted ( should tho SuHan decline to order a new dectiou ) to retire instantly from Constantinople .

      Dr . Warneford , honorary canon of G ? oucester and Bristol , has t < vea an estate , siteate at HylliHgly , iu Su ^ swc , to ikt ) HadtUSe Lunatic Asylum , to enable them to admit gratuitously a greau-r nunibar of patients . The estate contains between 700 and 800 acres , and yields a net incomoof £ 1 , 100 per annum . In iddivnr- to the nmuiiiccrit gift , the Doctor and hiy bister have con'ributsd th * pwu of £ 7 , 250 to ths asylum since its formation iu 1813 . Acc ^ bdjng to an Irish paper the Merc « nlifeAd ~ vertiser , tho population of Ireland is shown by the census of 1841 to v 8 176 , 273 . It aopfars that eh «

      increase during the lea years up to 1841 Was . 557 , 70 * 2 less than it had been in the ten years preceding . It iB evictee t * , hai auriug the last ten y « a-Ts , there has been a vcrj aecided check to the progress of population in Ireland . The increase iu Eagland ^ arin ^ the lass tea yearH from 1831 to 1841 , Was 2 , 004 , 794 , which was more than ane-seven * h upon the pouplation of 1831 . The in ^ reasa in Ireland , during the same ten years , was 4 u 7 , 872 , which was little more than one-tWHV . ieih of the popalstioa of 1331 . Th © increase in England has bet'n in the ratio of nearly three to one , as compared wi h Irelan 1 . This is the first time that Ireiaad has shown a les . ' - degree of increase than England .

      Rkvolution in St . Dn . wi . vGo . —( Extract of a lett <* r . (— Kingston , Jamaica . March 20 . —Tberevoluion w . iich has for some time been impending in the ueijihoonrvng island of St . Doruinao has at length ci > me to a crisis , and , as yst , I am happy to say , a bloodle ' -s one . The ex-presio >» t , lean Pisrre Boyer , with thirty-two of his a . dhar < . nts , having sought shelter in one of her Majatstj ' * sliips , arrived here yosterday morning on board the Scylla . Ho had been driven to this step by the resistance which was off-red to the means he bad adopted to get rid ol the opposition to the measures of his government in the national Vsislature . At the head of this opposition was the Senator Dumeille , the representative of the provjnee of Aux Cayes , who on five d'ff ? rent

      occasions had been expelled from the senate chumber at tbe point of the bayonet , aud each timo had been triumphantly re-elected by his original constituents . Under the apprehension of proceedings of a still more despotic and unconstitutional character , it appears that Mr . Dnmeille had addressed himself to the regimeut of artillery stationed at Aux Oayeg , by tha whole of whom he waa readily joined ; and the feelings of the people were ko strongly engaged in his favour by what had previously taken place , th it , in " the course of a very few days he found himself at the head of a force of 6 , 000 men , with which he was preparing to ui&rah oi . the capi'&I . In the meantime , with the view of demonstrating to his follow oitizsns that he waa not acJuated by

      moilces . of personal ambition , he proposed to M . Beaugillard , the governor of Aux Cayes , who has been very generally ngarded fcr the last ten or twt lve years aa the probable successor of Bnyer in tbe presidency , to declare the office vacant , aud to proclaim M . Boaugillard provisionally president ) until au opportunity could be taken to assemble the senate and complete his election by the forma which the Haytian constitution prescribe ? . It appears that , at tbe period in question , now some three weeks ago , JV 1 . Beaugillard declined to avail himself of thia offer of M . Dnmeille , but I believe it was

      perfectly understood that he did not look with disfavour ou ihe armed resistance which was offered to the violent proceedings of the president , although he did not think that tho rime was yet coma . for his placing himself at the head of this revolutionary movement .. In all probability , however , ths embarkation of Beyer wit-h hi ? leading adherents' will have proved the signal for his definitively declaring himself . At the same time , there is some rea ^ qn to apprehend , as those portions of tbe population who speak the . Spanish language have had but little intercourse with th ir fellow-citizens at the other end of the island , whose manners and hkbits . ire framed on

      the French model , that some att"mpt may now be made ^ o re-establiuh the political separation whioh formerly existed between them . As yet there is no palpable , indication of any such design , but ; from what I know of the country personally , And of the views of many of its inhabitants , I decline to tbmk that the tranquil and permanent settlement of its affiira wil ) be exposed to more danger from this causa than , ptrhaps , from aiiy other . There is , fortunatel y , at this moment a respectable British force on this station , and . as both parties have appealed to us for protection , first those , with M . Espinasse at their head , who had been driven into exile by the arbitrary proceedings of the president ., and now Boyer himself , with his immediate adherents , reduced to a similar condition , it is to be hoped that the peaceful poaitku of the community will not be reduced to the necessity of choosing between anarchy and slavery .

      Seduction and Svicide . —On Wednesday evening Mr . Carter , coroner for Survey , held aa inquest at the Red Lion I rn , Pigh-bt ., Putney , on tho b'J ^ y of Harriet Ei ; ztV > eth Linelands , la e a domestic servant . Tiie inquiry created considerable excitement , and a solicitor attended on the part of the decased ' a father to wa'cb the proceedings . Amelia Barwell , on being sworn . Raid , the deceased was in my employ as cook On Good Friday evening , between nine and ten , ineon&eij « v . nceof what I had been previously £ © ld , 1 sent for tho deceased , and toH her that I understood she had tome arsenic , and that she intended to destroy herself . I also told her that I could not allow her to hare poipon itt my house , when Bhe began to weep very bitterly . After persuading her to let me have the poison , and threatening to call the polree in if she m ' nsed < she consented

      to deliver np to me tho poison . She tften went up into- her bed-rooaa , and opening her drawers she took out a small paper parcel which contained a white powder , which I immecia ' ely throw into the fire . I . had been told some time previously that deceased had been seduced by a man who had possessed himself of ail her money , and then had deserted her . 1 mentioned that to her , and inquired of' her if she was enciente . She in reply told me ! ha > she had had ** enuu « h ot life . " I advised her hoc to < io anything desperate , telling her at the same time t ^ &t I bad no doubt hor father would be willing to take her home . At half past twelve © 'dock on Saturday morning , I heard a noise in deceased ' 8 bed-room , and upon proceeding into ho . r room , I saw

      her in h- r night-dress vomiting , and Beeing she brought up blood , I went and called her master , and said I ihuujfht a ir . ee \ ca , l man ought to be called in , as « h ? wa ^ in a very wild state . Mr . Farmer , Mr . Shillito , ar . d hi * assistant , were called in , who attended tne . f- ^ -ased , but . with no beneftcisl ^ ff « ctt as she died oi ; S ^ uir- ay afternoon . Mr . C . ih 'lito , surgeon , of lun < y , paid ho was called to » ttend the deceased on Friday nigbt . He went to Captain BarweU ' s hnusr , whore he found the deceased labouring under the effects of some mineral poison . He could not pu * :, ny questions to her at that period , owing to her < s- ^ tv * - , vomiting and the cramp ia her extn miutip . A wuito powder in the bottom of a tUfbhlfT Miti-fiVu wiTiiPhS that she had taken cxm >

      ro ^ ive suM a , j ¦> : The at-a ^ l antidote , such as the white of ( g . ^ -u . d carbonate of potass were adrainiatt-rtd , out u wi , i oe tfiad oi it , since the way you behavtd ton > t la . < t nj « h ' , which is wieked ; indeed U is not what J rnougbt ot' you , but I hope you have ois < : spark ot love tor one you will bow For the last time tver h ar of , sud . I nope y . u will Jollow me to the grave as -h-s \^ sr , respect von can pay co one who

      has ever t , h <> wu the- greatest love and res-pect for you . May the clnUt , w-riom I shall be the murder of as well as juy ^ elr ' , be . h ^ -ppy in the wvrld wa shall gt > to , as 1 am s ~ tv w » - n « -v » r sliull be h . ra , when I know that tLo f- . t r is alive and h » ppy »^ ith anocher , whilst s ? w n ; y * j r _ vt- ruinea and forsaken perhaps W'l ' . lti )> t . " * " 'ii ' » £ ; of bri-ad i , u f » . t , —and yoa n-jvr aru h « p , > y to t » r-. k you have got me in' your jowcr to T . nijji ur > on ; but no longer shall . you do tHat , tV > r i hi c \ i < e iwati who wuuldtlo i * ,. Tamk , tin- *' , ou 'he ti : v- vvi nit you first Ba < w ami knew mu , and trnuk on the o fiVrince time haB made in me , and the one ' . hai I fhould have thought weftld never have turneo his <« acR on me who Oliver did eo to yoa when yxi wr . re in tr .-iuhie- But , oh God , I forgive

      you ail your . lit usa ^ e towards me , aud forgive yon , —so no nit-rfc in-m your ^ ver despised Habbiet LAf ^ GLAM >^ P S . No more , adieu for ever . "M . A . Sm ui . ano-ner servant in tirftemplpy of Capt . Barwell , said the above lettat was ia the "handwriting of the deceased . Witness knew Winsley , and had every reason- to believe that he was tho father of the c-hHd . . A short time back deceased said she had ' lent Wihiley : £ 3 * :--.-Sha * wj » s muohia debt ,. haTiBg borrowed of ^ afferent persons } 6 BUpply Winsley with mouey ., After / her death , she had not enough wearing apparel to be laid out , ; in j notwithstanding that sue liad ' a « Rlaryidf- £ 12 per » BBaiB ,

      the whole of her clothes being / pledged tomppori Wrasley . A nighvoi" two backt . deceased ponrowed 4 s . ' from witness for the ; same , purpose . Several other witnesses were exemined ,.: oneof . ; Whooi produced a duplicate for soroe > r , iioles ffh'oh she had pledged , which dt ^ esstd fi » id . at . ,. thi 9 VtW »« ' *»? for the purpose of ^ tting Wiii ^ fty a jio ^^ The jury , after a Ions consultation , r ^ turnedphe ^ fbllowiDg verdict : — " That the deceased deik <^ od ; her self by taking poisoa , ourrosive jsublinw % -jbyinif a * that time ifl a state of mental abtrration ; broaghton by the excessive grief caused by tiie APjira ' . efoi » nd unnatural conduct of Bieh&rd Winsley . " ¦¦ . ^

      Poetry

      poetry

      Toe Govee^Ment Factoby Bill.

      TOE GOVEE ^ MENT FACTOBY BILL .

      Untitled Article

      __ _ THE NpRSii K K ^ S Til 3 .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), April 29, 1843, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct648/page/3/