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Northern Star (1837-1852), 25th March 1843, Edition 3 of 5, Page unpag

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  • Departments (5)
    • : TO THE'IMPERIAL CHARTISTS.
    • ! MIDLAND CIRCUIT.—DERBY. r
    • Cfearttgt 3Ent*ntg*ncjr.
    • ;jfor%omm& €§artfet §Bleidim0*
    • YEKBATIM REPORT OF THE CHARTIST TRIALS AT LANCASTER.
  • Adverts (1)
  • Text (11)
  • Transcript

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      IN THE PRESS AND SHORTLY WILL BE PUBLISHED , A VERBATIM REPORT OF THE RECENT TEIALS OF FEAEGUS O'CONNOR AND 58 OTHERS , AT LANCASTER , ; FOR RIOT , SEDITION , TUMULT , AND CONSPIRACY . HPHE above Work will be Published in Weekly Numbers of 64 Pages of Royal Octavo , Edited by -L FEARGUS O'CONNOR , E ? q ., Barrister-ai-Law , and to which will be . added A SHORT ACCOUNT OF THE CAUSES OF THE DISTURBANCES OF AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER X . AST ,. ' " - H With Notes upon the Trial ; also a Dedication to Baron RiQLFE . A SPLENDID PORTRAIT OF THE JUST JUDGE WHO PRESIDED , WILL BE PRESENTED WITH THE LAST NUMBER ( GRATIS ) To those who have been Subscribers to the Wori £ * i , > , t w . - i The Portrait will be Executed Tfith a view to its being placed as a Frontispiece , ajxdv ? hoa ^ p ( b « ipletodt which will be in about four Numbers ; the whob will make a valuable , work ; iPri fi ^ i a * wimfc < e 3 rJn , # wrapper . The Portrait gratis . ^^^ , ^^ m ^ -- ^^' - ^ ¦ ^¦^''"' Subscribers and Acents are requested to fiive their Order 3 to Cleave , 1 , Shoe Lane , Fleet Street , Xondon ; Betwood , 60 , Oldham Street , Manchester ; and Hobsow , Northern Star Office , Market Street , Leeds . . * ¦ The first Number will be Published on Monday , 27 th March , and tbe subsequent Numbers will be Published Weekly .

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      ,- gr deab FBiES-BS ^ -Th ere stb a great many $ xp six " * -which I hareprbpheciedfory ou . Tl \ yj joa-soma of them- When the Whig rascals iesi me to York Castle for eighteen months for ISting to ** T ^ y Jnofeiaoro lines from Mother ^ jsjatper into the AVffteni ; jStar abpnt a poor « j ^ Jboy who was barboroaslj- treated by the War-^ gei Guardians , and every word of n-hieh I yjeve to be true , I then recommended yon io join jjcn snos the Whigs ^ and expressed my hope that * j Tories would hare an overwhelnuiig majority , ^ frcm lore oT their poli cy or their measures , bnt loa the old principle of " give arogne rope enough " . I gft that a balance of parties , or nearly bo ,: -would v , ^ great ct 3—one npon which legitimacy and conjgggoasHtyj precedent , and custom , would play , ? ff » J pole "; or , as we call it in Ireland , " Wady

      S n&tfcj " - r » B ^ 6 » ego Tip , up , up , and here we go down , down , / dcrwisy ; t % nt -we go back-wards and forwards , and Into London toTraej . ** jhere Is in reality no difference between Whigs pi Tories in the Hense of Common 3 ; bnt the -rfies , outside , are distinguishable by iheir politics jj power ihe Whig Aonuni 3 tration was aotfcuffi-^ eutly liberal for the Whig constituency , while the jjuies in power are too liberal for the Tory coneiuency , not so much in practice as in speech .

      ip ln , when the Tories proved the strength of ; jar jEijwii ? upon that gigantic measure , the Tariff gsi lie Ircome Tax , I propheded irstlj , that jsstH and Peel would nnito in trampling npon our denies , if the Tariff should fail in giving the anti-¦^ aied impetus to trade , I told yon ; hat the Tariff it > d& be an incalculable benefit to the higher and *^ i ££ e- dass = s , and but of very liSHa beneSi io the forking orders . I told you that the free trade men nd $ Bo-re heavea and earth to frustrate the Tariff , pd ihat Peel would persecute the Chartists for their jeposiiion of ine Lea&ne . I told yon that a strong jpeatlon would "be formed against the "very name Jf orjismj and now , that I have been right in each Si 3 trerj one of my predictions , Eubsequent evenis jjTj pruTed . The opposition to which I looked

      jjnjard has not been formed in Ihe Honse of Commas , because the advance of the public mind has anhsed little Russell and his Whig ccn 5 titn ssnslls ' . s , and has indnced tnem to confederate , gn&ni ? , and conspira with Pesl and his associates Irre 3 »« the march of intellect . Men like Russell ci PaLnerston are only libeia ] when tha public jafl can ha tickled wish phrases , or subdued by ^ cie fierce ; bnt row they hare ciscriminafeon EDOghtosee that the opposition ha 3 bten formed pi or the Horss ; and ikas , howeTer the force i Parliament may , for a season , hold opinion in j ^ jeeuoB-, yet are ihe days of legitimacy numbered , isd count bn ; few .

      The sioim in the tea-pot , created fcy the pnSng if ihe Leagne is more than Russell can bear , wails the tnicane of Chartist opinion is too powerful for the Isigae , Peel is bat little afraid of Russell ; RustS is dreadfully afraid of the Lessee ; and the Jgjgire is Still more in dread of the Chartkra ; the fpoauon , notwithstanding , i 3 befog formed outjde ] an opposition sgainst which Peel snd Russell

      nil anile , bat in rain . As eodb as the hollowiaiie ^ ness , the ignorance , the Belf-ii-tere ? tedne 3 S , ¦ fee pnfiigacy , the want of character , and brutality i the Le&gne saSeiently develope taemselTes—and iej are marcaing on with rapid strides—tLen the ^ od of all classes will unite for the subjugation of Isrjism , of Whiggery , of Whig-Toryism , and of Jjrr-Whigism .

      1 ; is for that reason and with that new that I fcre laboured hard and braved all to keep the party i lie people together , so that they may , when the jth for "union comes , be ihe mountain , the magnet , I -which all attractable bodies come . Sbonld the iy eter arrive when the working daises -sh-aM ipin be contented wish a secondary position in piataon , the work of later years will haTe been piled down and -rarr snecessois -will be compelled 1 go through thfi same prJleminary labour of eking the people a distinct political body .

      Tfie practical changes anticipated from wnat was ailed the Reform Bill haTe not iaken place . The Sliuelf was a mere conferring of representation ijcn a heap of newly acquired property ; while ijPoor Law Amendment Act , the Corporation £ fona Bill , and ihe appoistment by Rnsseii of a ' teh of ignorant , purse-prond , hard-hearted , selfdSdent magistratesj were the projected details for Efcrdag a J tooi immortality upon "W&iggery . hzseH acinaiiy looked npon those measures and KoiBlments as boons , for which the recipients

      ti ihe community at large should be gratefaL ley were 10 be as toys in the Lands of chiiiren , t , those in whose keeping they have been in-Kted , had felt a growing and more Tital interest iflisr exercise tiian Russell erer dreamed of . It is ifesre to use this macMnerj , placed In the bands of fcjMBafacinrezs for Jhar own sxclnsiTe benefit , tu has giren to that order the appearance of so lal power—iay , the reality of so much power .

      irr if erer there was a blunder committed by a ttesaan , it was in conferring magisterial authojg upon ignorant and selfish manufacturers . - Had itonSned the appointments to indiTidiials-of bis * a political creed , persons of the Whig , bat not of a tfaan order , he and hi 3 party might have tired incalculable support from them in the hour < M * d , bu : their duty to themselTcS has blinded &a ia thar duty to their maker , and they hare Seed against Mm .

      Sow , all these are fearful odd 3 to contend OffiJst ; j « hare I no fear . I believe that ^ ar , perseverance , and honesiy , will accomplish ^ iMn g , and I do not see a very herculean teiin breaking down Peel , the Dake , and their J 5 » g Government . Bnt to effect this , we musi s * e kuch machinery as the law allows , and as ou i s materials can furnish . It would not be jast to those parries who may be ^ Ow up for judgment , ( bnt which I do not antici-**)*© proceed to the elecnon of a new Executive

      SSlaU are npon a perfect equality as to position iisTeladmaEy , very many narrow escapes , and I *» er Wained any person for the awkwardnesses in ^ 3 : 1 have been freqently placed ; however , for ^ ake . of Ihe boaj , and , ab&ve all , for the sake < tmr euss , 1 have at length yielded to the applica-^* pt Kveral good men , and consented that my ^ esbotldbe placed before the Chartist body as a *^ i&te for the ofS . ee of Execntine Committee man . be

      ^ 31 -elected , 1 shall render my services gra-^ fisly , and whether I am or not , it is my deter-^ ii&m to aibmit to the country a vigorous , a bold , * i a eoncentriitd action on behalf of the Charter . * & of opinion that a vigorous struggle just now , *^ d place thartism in the ascendant , and that ^ afivided attention of fiTe good sound rational * sst mea , vrculd be machinery quite suficient to

      Ten jbsj rely upon it , that we owe no part of out ^ ? e &wa the jaws of a dungeon to Peel . No , *•_ He looked mp ; n the late trials as a Chartist ^ pusher * we will turn them into a Chartist ^ to light ns in our progress . 1 hnt > the vanity to believe that the cenntry will ^ BTe of a proposition which I mean to make ^^ eargnmentin arres t of judgment is over , in

      ^* a 2 would not feel myself justified making ?* &js 5 nion , while the hands of some of our J « wu are tied . ITrnst that while my plan will lament of being safe and inexpensive , it will v ** Jlhe foundation of a union which cannot be J ^ while it will reconcile all past differences jj **^ us what wejongb ; to be , a bundle of sticks Tjtfaropeof sand . r ^ T * Jost heard of the acquittal of John West ,

      4 l ^»^ tator , at Derbyjafter a splendid defence . ^•^ ihlngB eonTince me 3 bat we have created a j * p » l 3 Bion stronger Utas bad law , and that we . ^ ro ener gy , freedom , and oonrage to turn it TJftOBJt . w ?^ ore than ever convinced of the grounds jk > *?* kl anticipate a glorious termination of l ^* * ' triumph , for triomph it was . , j ^?* B that th ere are yet some snarlers growling q- oe country , but to public opinion I look for ^ f "Steaim . j j' ^ iffcrnineni had every h ope of ^ mihilating j ^^ O'Connor and tbe Star , for that was the % cij tu ; thanks to justice , both have

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      enmstanca took place at the time ? I recollect two funerals pissing . Do you recollect me telling them they must be patient under all the decrees of God I do remember . Do you recollect that 1 spoke of the necessity of patience under such circumstances 1 Yes . Of the necessity of charity and brotherly kindness ? Yes . Don't you recollect there was another fajmn given eut , another prayer made , in which something was said aboui the harvest ; auri that Gods blessing was asked for her Msjesty and our rulers , that they might promote tho happiness , morality , and contentment ef the people ? Yes , something about it . Don't you recollect me sa \ iat :.

      if the officer desire you to desist , we must obey , for I have no wi > h to commit any effenee against the laws ? Yes ; I saw no disturbance at the meeting . I cannot = ay whether the meeting was calculated to create alarm . The first words after the meeting 1 said were^—1 wished to know whether you intended to repeat your visit ? You eaid you aid not know . I said it must be on Sunday . The Defendant—I said I would come on Sunday if 1 came that way . By the Jitdsb—Did not the defendant ask you to ttke the tenor of hia discourse , End noi particular passages ! No ; some part 3 of his speech were calculated to excite the people to violence .

      Tho Judge—Why did you not take them down 1 I should have taken mor * , but I broke my pencil . John Ensor—1 am in the employment of Mr Court GranvUle , as engineman . I was a special constable , and was at the meeting on the 18 th Sep tember , at Swadlincote . I saw West there , and heard him make an appointment for a meeting on Gresley Common . I attended that meeting ; he was discoursing when I got there . 1 took particular notice of what he said . He said , " we must be alive and active , for as long as we keep quiet , we shall

      not get our rights from the aristocracy . " We must combine together to break open the locks of the prison doors , and liberato those of our brethren confined for asking for our rights . " 1 saw the witness Chariton write it down . West said , " I am a Chartist , and all that are not Chartists hate me . " Cress-examined by Defendant—I was there some time bufore you began to make use of those words I did not take down those words in writing . I must remember some other words you said , bu ' - not particularly . Will swear yon said We must combine together to break open " not and .

      The Learned Judge said this would not make any difference . Will you swear I did not use the word contribute ? I never heard it . How many times have you been instructed in this lesson ! None at all . Did you see Cbarlton write down the words ? I could ooi tell what he wrote when I could not read —( a laugh ) . ( The Learned Jtjege said they did the defendant no good by laughing at the mistake of the witness . 1 heard there was a a turn-oat at Mr . Court Granville ' s colliery . I was not sent to the meeting ; 1 wa 9 there by accident , 1 have not be > . n told that J shall lose my employment if 1 did not consent to give evidence . 1 have notbeea drilled at all in these tales .

      Examination resumed—I saw Chariton write while the defendant was speaking . Thomas Warren examined—I am a special constable . On the 18 th of September 1 went to Gresley Common , and saw West there . He gave out a hymn . After the meeting I put down in writing what he said . He said , " We are told to unite together to oppose those abominable laws which stop our rights by class legislation . We must combine together ; we must be alive and active ; for if we are quiet , we shall not get our rights from the aristocracy . Wo must combine together to break open the locks of prison doors , and to liberate our brethren confined for asking for our rights . "

      Cross-examined by Defendant—A hymn was givet . out and a prayer made , but I cannot recollect a sentence of what was said . I recollect the text being given and some of the words— " Whereby are given unto us great and precious promises . " I can ' t say how long you were before you used ihe words / wrote down . 1 cannot say 1 saw the two funerals . I set down the words when I pot home . Did not I nse the word contribute ? I can ' t recollect that yon did . Thia was the case for the prosecution .

      The Defksdant then rose and addressed the Jury . He said if his words had been taKen fairly down , and connected wirh the sentiments to which he gave utterance , they would not bear the meaning attributed to them in tlw indictment . He felt—this being the first time in his life that he had been placed in such a position—the awkwardness of his situation , for it conld not be supposed that a man in his humble condition could be acquainted with the points of law which it wa 9 tesireable he should know .. He bad , however , full confidence that his Lordship would aid him , as he had witnessed that he had done others on their trial at these Assizes , to obtain substantial justice . And , before proceeding further , he wished to remove from hiB Lordship's mind the impression that he ( the defendant ) bad any idea that the Chartists who ¦ were in prison

      would not have a fair trial . What he meant to say was , when urging the working classess to contribnte of their means for their defence , that it was necessary to employ the best legal talent that they could obtain , and that this was expensive . Tnere was no desire on his part to insinuate that he should not receive full justice both from his Lordship and the Jury . He begged the Jury to obseive thai the accusation in the indictment—that he had told the people that they must not submit to the lawshad not been sworn to . He had ever contended that the law must be obeyed whatever it was , but if the law , in their opinion , wa 3 bad , they had no right to be content , and were entitled to seek its repeal . ThiB was the right of every British subject , whether Tory , Whig , Radical , or Chartist . There was nothing " unlawful in the Charter , and those that believed it would be beneficial to themselves and tbe

      country , bad an undoubted right to urge Its adoption . There had been an attempt made to connect him with the outbreak in Staffordshire , but it was not necessary for Mm to defend himself on that point . If such had been his object , he should not have chosen such a passage of tbe Word of God as he took for his text . He would appeal to their common sense whether for such a purpose he should have commented upon one of the most beautiful enumerations of the moral virtues in the Scriptures . He had frequently witnessed with pain the ignorance , the poverty , and the distress of thousands and tens of thousands of his countrymen . Many of them never heard a single word respecting their

      social and moral duties , nor were they ever dzreoted to the promises of the Word of God . This must be lamented by all benevolent men ; he had seen it and he had done what he could to lay before them the true doctrines of practical Christianity . Hia Iiord-Bhip in connection with others had noticed the wint of moral and religious education amongst the great body of tbe working classes ; he felt thiB too , and he had taken tne best passage he could select and most likely to aid him in instructing bis fellow men , fie considered it criminal in any man , who had the

      meams , not to confer the benefits on the ignorantand , humble as his station was , he considered it as his duty , as well as that of tbe richest of his countrymen , to do every thing he could to remove ignorance and crime from the land ; he had only been doing his duty as a citizen in endeavouring to confer a benefit on his county . He could show , if necessary , that tbe language he had used was not to be coinpared for violence with that UBed by some Ministers of Religion and other persons in elevated stations . Gentlemen occupying the Magisterial benches

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      had used language to which he dared not give utterance ; yet there was no notice taken of them , no steps taken to arrest and puuish them . He would prove too that the disturbances that had occurred had been significantly hinted at on the magisterial

      bench , but no notice was taken of their language . It was a hard thing to define sedition ; sometimes language is considered seditious , which afterwards the Government of the day sanctions ; and those demands are persecuted for sedition which afterwards become the law of the land . John Stubbs was prosecuted for moving a resolution to the effect that Macclesfie ' . d ought to return two members of Parliamont , and was sent to prison ; but some years afterwards Thos . Grimsditch , Esq ., moved a similar resolution , in nearly the same words , and it was tolerated by Government , and he is now sitting member for Macclcsfield . He hoped those that conducted this prosecution on the part of the Crown would not 1

      bo nibbling at the buds and letthe tree alone ; this they were doing by prosecuting him , while they passed by unheeded tho more violent language of men in a higher place in society . If Magistrates did theke things he had a r ' -ght to do so , for they were men occupying ; stations in which they ought to bo qualified to make the distinction between right and wrong . Lord Chief Justice Tindal , who was an honour to hia country , had . ' aid it down as a rule that persons carried away by the warmth of their feelings should be judged by the whole tenor and tendency of their discourse , not by isolated words and selected passages . Now , they would observe in the evidence against him that day

      there were no connecting passages given by the witnesses . It was evident they were drilled ; they knew nothing , nor could they remember any other words that followed those which they had got off by rote like a parrot . The witness , Chariton , admitted that he ( the defendant ) was temperate in his language and actions . If he advised those persons who heard him not to let their passions get the better of their judgment , he thought it could not enter into the minds of the Jury that he had any such intention as that imputed to him . His object was to inculcate moral duiies on those who will not go to Church ; surely if they would not go . to any place of religious worship , and would hear a working inan

      on these subjects , it was no crime , but an honour to instruct those who would otherwise be given up to drunkenness , fighting , and quarrelling . One of the witnesses said that he ( tbe defendant ) said he was a Chartist . He was a Chartist . He believed the Charter necessary to preserve tbe institutions of the country . He did not wish to overturn the Constitution . He loved it . He warned to be placed within its pale . He wanted to be represented with other Commoners in Parliament ) . He hoped they would not think he was necessarily engaged in a bad cause for wishing to be represented in the House of Commons . He had said that tbo people had no right to sit down contented with the abominablo laws which

      excluded them from the privileges of the Constitution . If he had sinned in using such language he had sinned in good company . The Tories had said ihe New Poor Laws were cruel and abominable , and they had not used the mildest means to obtain a repeal of them ; they would recollect meetings on this subject composed of two or three hundred thousand persons at which the strongest resolutions were passed . There was another class , comprising persons of great wealth and high dtandiuc ; , which sought the repeal of the corn and provision laws , which they did not hesitate to say were abominable . Not one of these persons was brought to trial , but he hoped that the gentlemen who instituted these proceedings against

      him would see that these things were looked after . Surely when a gentleman of high standing said , "he was astonished at tho apathy of the metropolis —the time was past for talking , they must do something—they must have a Committee for public safety . " [ The Learned Judge said the defendant was U 9 ing a bad argument ; it was no justification of his conduct if he had done wrong that others had done so too . If Buch parties were brought before the tribunals of the country , and Juries were independent enough to convict them , the Judges would take care they were puni-hed ] My reason for alluding to this language is to show that what is an offence now may become law . fHis Lordship said

      there were many things unlawful now that could not become law , such as robbery and murder . The best argument of the defeudant was—that it waB not fair to take a passage or two from a long speech , without showing the tenour of the speech . Nothing was more unfair than taking part of a sentence and giving ic as evidence . They would remember a person being charged with saying" There is no God , " when he had connected it with " The fool hath said in his heart . " ] The defendant thought he might safe . ' y trust hit ) cause in the hands of his Lordship . He had witnesses to call to prove that no did not use tbe words in the sense imputed to nim , but merely called upon them to contribute of

      ihtir means for the deliverance of their brethren . The fact of his attempting to make a collection proves what his intention was . The fact was sworn to that he prayed , though it was said it was a mockery ; he considered that he did it in sincerity ; his respect for the day , the morals of the people , and his own welfare , would prevent him from making a mockery of prayer . When he prayed to God to give her Majesty wisdom to govern the kingdom , he did it with sincerity . He had addressed meetings of two , three , or four thoiuand peraonF , and had always selected those parts of the word of God for texts which showed the importance of practical Christianity . He would appeal to their good

      sense , whether it was likely that he should go there , under such circumstances , and say they must combine to break open the prison doors . The constable wished me to desist , but I Baid no—the hearts of the constables may be touched and receive Bome moral advantage as well as others . He would ask again , if it wore his ohjoot to excite the people to riot and insubordination , whether he should not hare selected a more inflaipniatory kind Of text f This showed his peaceable disposition ; he thought the idea that he wished to promote an outbreak could not enter into the head of any individual who did not wish to make out a case . Ho hoped the Jury would not fail to take the tenor of his discourse into their consideration .

      Tne Learned Judge , in summing up , eaid there were few persons , not accustomed to public speak ing , that did not say stronger things and use stronger words than they intended . With respect to action the case was very different , for there they had something definite and precise . The Jury ought to have a clear and distinct idea of the tenor of the defendant ' s discourse . Let us see what he is charged with . ( His Lordship then read a passage from the indictment charging him with endeavouring to form a conspiracy to resist the laws , and to procure by violence a change of' the Constitution ^ His Lordship was of opinion that the people should be permitted to state their grievances openW , and to seek redress by proper means . The evidence v » as

      not complete , the Jury ought to have had mow of the context , and again adduced the instanee of a person being charged with saying " There is no God "when he used the whole passage and said— The fool hath said in bis heart there is no God . " Suppose the defendant had said— " We are told v * e must combine togeiker and oppose those abominable laws which stop our rights by class legislation ;" but , suppose he had add'jd that it is not the way , that is not correct . He did not know that the words attributed to tha defendant were seditious ; it was rery common to say a particular olass mads the Wvre , having the power to return members to Parliament . ThiB * law might be good or bad , but somo pereonB might choose to call

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      the law abominable because they were excluded from the privilege ; bqfc . i £ this were . 4 one = to create violence , no law could ; ^ tand . The defendant said also — " We must be alivQ . and active , " . but jdid he mean active to resist by yiolepce , or in remonstrance His language was capable of both significations ; and if there was ambiguity ia the expressions used , they should give the detVindant the advantage of it . He said they must ci ) mbitte ! : | o break open the prison doors and liberate '; ti ^^||| yf ^ -a . They ought to hav e had the context with this passage to show its design . Ifthedefendanlmeartt , asheeaidhedid , that they of on

      should have th ' e ^ Sefit Cou nsel tljeir trial , he was not prepared to eay that his object was not praiseworthy ;* , bit , if he meant that ihey should combine to liberate , them by force , be j was guilty . If , however i ' WvbrSak open was used aaa metaphor , it was not mo ^ itlian orators were accustomed to say when thej ^ en ^ d ionly moral means . If they were satisfied tfet . there was not sufficient evidence to convict the defendant , they ¦« ouldfi acquit him . If they thongbM < jtfaerWise , they would find him guilty ; and bepjoped the Juries of j the country would have the Courage to do their duty , and he was sufo . the Judges would do theirs . [

      After , some lime , the Jury expressed a wish to retire . » ¦ . j . : The ; JtmoE djrectetL ^ tho ^ to *§ j »*« fti ^ jl ^ i 5 || flJ tfiteyiiad . to ^ onsider waa , whethisr thfeiatfgua ^ saia to Be used by the defendant would bear the construction put upon it in the indictment ; The meeting appeared to have been quiet ; there was no outcry or appearance of violence , and the defendant should have the benefit of it . After a short consultation , the Jury returned a verdict of Not Guilty . I His Lordship said— " I quite approve of your verdict . " ] William Wildgoose and fourteen others were ohargec with assembling together to turn out workmen . Toey ploaded Guilty , and were ordered to enter into their own recognizances in the sum of £ 100 to keep tho peace . :

      The Learned Baron told them thoy had leen in great jeopardy , as the offences with which they were charged ware serious . It would be as wall , perhaps , if they were to know what their rights upon the subjtct for which they wore indicted were and what they w < re not . They had a right to meet and agree together as to the wages they should demand from their employers ; but no right to compel others to follow the same course . The freedom they claimed for themselves they wore bound jto allow to others—that was ouly justice , aud was both the law and the prophets .

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      DUBLIN . —Tho Irish Universal Suffrage Association held their usual weekly meeting , at two o ' clock , on Sunday , the 19 . h instant , Mr . William Dunne in the chair . Mr . D . Keegan was appointed Secretary to the meeting , Mr . Dyott having been absent in consequence of a severe cold . The Secretary read tho objects and rules of the Association , geveral letters were read from various parts of the country . Some new members were proposed ; and , notice of motion for the admission of others having been given , Mr . O'Higgins , in a luminous speech of unanswerable facts , from Parliamentary Records and other authentic sources , brought forward the resolution , of which notice had been given Ion the

      previous Sunday , and which were duly advertised in the Freeman ' s Journal , the only newspaper in Dublin possessing one ray of independent principle . Had Mr . O'Higgin ' s speech been reported injthe Dublin newspapers , it would have put an extinguisher upon the now nefarious scheme of sendiug the ejected tenantry out of the country to perish on the snows or in the morasses of Canada , He proTed to the satisfaction of all present that Lord Stanley and the other rack-rent and absentee landlords were at the head of this expatriating society , formerly known as the North Amorican Colonizition Association , but now under th ? more seductive and deceitful name of the " Catholic Emigration Society . " Every one

      present was fully satisfied of the false statements put jorth by this flagitious society , for the ] purpose of inducing the poor Irish confiding labourer and artizan to quit his native land , and go to Canada . Tho meeting expressed its amazement and horror on learning that the patriot O'Counell was one of the most prominent abeuers of tbia hellish scheme , and that he had succeeded in getting sotno of tho Catholic clergy to join him ia it—for instance , the Very Rev . Dr . Kirwan , V . G , the Very Rev . A . Magee , D D ., the Rev . Joseph Robsoni tho Very Rev . Dr . Yore , the Rev . Dr . O'Connell—while

      Daniel O Conneli himself is chief trustee . It is to be regretted that every conceived species of falsehood and misrepresentation havo been put forth in the prospectus of this Company , and that Irish Catholic clergy , who are teachers of arid lovers of truth , have been induced , without due consideration it is hoped , to affix their names to thiB atrociouB scheme . Mr . O'Higgins concluded by moving the adoption of the following resolutions , and that a petition to Parliament be forwarded to Mr . Crawford for presentation to the Houso of Commons . Mr . Rafter seoonded the motion , which passed unanimously : — \

      " That the obvious tendency of tbe Catholic Emigration Society—if not the real objectr-ifl . to aid the Irish Protestant Colonization Association ia Clearing their estates of their Catholic tenantry . " That there is no provision nude , nor intended to be made , nor can any by possibility be made , to insure the safety and preserve the health of the deluded emigrants . ¦ " That there is evidence before Parliament which proves that out of every two hundred Irish Emigrants ¦ who arrive in Canada , there ate not more than fifty alive in two years / | " That it Jb an impious impeachment of the wisdom of Divine Providence to declare , as the Catholio Emigration Society does , that there are too many people born , that is to say , created .

      " That it ia derogatory to the dignity and injurious to the sacred office of any Roman Catbolio clergyman to embark ia noj scbeme for tbe expatriation of bia poor confiding countrymen , under any name , scheme , or device whatsoever . j " That every male inhabitant of this empire of mature age . no matter bow poor be may be , costs the country , at the very least , £ 100 before he comes to man ' s estate , and that , therefore , every man sent out of tbe country is a loss to tbe country of £ 100 , in addition to which be tafceB with him all the property he can collect . 1

      " That very few emigrate except able-bodied labourers , and that they do so just at a time when they are abie and wiJling to make , by productive labour , a tenfold xetutn for the cost of rearing them ; that , therefore , any scheme to send able-bodied labourers out of the land of their birth , but particularly out ; of Ireland , is prejudicial to the best interests of the country , impolitic in principle , and iniquitous in praotic * . " That such of tbe Irish Clergy aud laity ] as are promoters of this unprincipled scheme are , to a man ,

      professed Repealers and patrons of native manufacture ; yet the means they hero propose for propelling the measnre of Repeal is to transport Irish Catholics and sincere Repealers to a foreign and inclement clime , ¦ where certain death awaits them ; and the mode in which they cere propose to encourage domestic manufacture is , to export our labourers and artizins , in order to make them—to use the very words of the fourth and sixth propositions of their prospectus— " most profitablo to the British nation by becoming extensive consumers of British manufactures 1 !!"

      " Patrick O'Higgins , President W . H . DYOTT , Secretary . " J Mr . Woodward was called to the chair , and the usual vote of thanks were voted to Mr . Dunne . A stranger who was present subscribed liberally toward *? the expence of the petition . He said , that although he knew that tbe Association was right , yet he had not made up his mind to join it J but be would defend its principles anywhere . ; NOTTINGHAM . —At a public meeting , held In Rice-place , Chapel , on Moaday evening , Mr . & T . Morrison in the chair , a petition in reference to tbe

      flbrifee disturbance was adopted , and advised-to be top warded to Mr . Dun-combe for presentation : The following leaolutions weie also unanimously jpaued : — " That this meeting returns its thanks to Mr . Roberta for bis valuable services , and to F . O' 0 onnoi *| Esq ., and the rest of the defendants at Lancaster ) ( Cartledge exoepted ) for their noble and uncompromising advocacy of tbe people's rights during their trials . " "That the beat thanks of this , meeting are due , and ate hereby ten-(' ft-ed to our -worthy Chairman tor bis impartial conduct in the chair , and for the great exertions ] which be continually makes in our cause . " i

      KJUGHBOHOtTGH . —The Repeal gentry have had a famous thrashing here in the Theatre . One of their crack lecturers , a Mr . Clark , was handled by Mr . Skevington " to his heart ' s content , and somethiBg more . " ;

      Untitled Article

      ¦ i ^ . r ^ ^* i » j - . •• j ^*** -H ^ ir < »»« - ^ - » ---. ' --. i' > . " -:-rr ; v W ^ j ^ A ^^^ M ^ M ^ i HSWCASTU 3 . —Mf . Brtphy leottrad in tbe Cha *« Mats' Hall , Goat Inn , on Sunday eveaiu ? , with good effect : after which several names were enrolled . * A Delegate Meeting of tbe coal-miners of the Tyue-was held in tbe Half Moon Inn , Byker , on Mob- ' day last . Having elected a chairman and secretary , pro ' ( em , the minutes of the previous District Delegate Meet-Ing were read add confirmed . Tbe delegates proceeded to give an . account of the progress of their society since last delegate meeting , which was very flattering

      indeed , and showed that the day was not far distant whan the miserably-oppressed pitmen would ba folly able to take their own canse , effectually , into their own hands . It Was lamentable to bear the delegates ' reports , the innumerable actd of tyranny exercised by the coal-lords agaii-ust the collkre in to lieries- ^ of them reducing tbe pri ^ , tion point- —manyof t ^ emdi ^ bai ^ omerifOTnooftlKarfauIfc than using their efforts to farther the Interests of tlieir ' society—and Beteral to whom the tyrannical slave-drivers were compelled to give a good character as honest , ' sober , and good workmen , were discharged because they committed the most heinous crime of reading Utot polaonoaa journal , the Northern Star , —stating that so long aa the men Were allowed to xead that lying journal the masters -would never be able to have duo '

      influence over their men : and this being inserted in their certificate of character prevents them being employed there or any place else . There was a goodly number of delegates present , amongst whom we recog nised delegates from the fq | Iowiog collieries , viz . : — Kenton , 8 t Xawrence ; Jfeg&ttl * East CrassliDgton , Walker , King PiJ ; ( Wreddngteny , West Cr&niinton , Sherriff mu ,: P 6 mbetpon , ^ 0 iliooT , besides several others wh ^ MinsUtuencies we could not learn . A great d ^^ jcKnlbtiiinesstranspiredv which Was agree ably Bt ^^^ tip ^ ectuoanimlty : each resolution , being ; firBtabl ^ diacus 3 edj > ri > and co » , was unanimously agre ^^^^; t& ^ yraniycal driyera had seen the busi ness-llfcemaa ^' &swtiich everything was brought forw « ri : ^ p ^^^ 6 ^ , $ - ; Whether they attributed it to ihelztr ^ tLeniXBiM ng iheJfortfiern Star , or to whatever other ca-ose , —it would make them tremble *

      A « QXJH $ Jl I ) T 8 X » IpX BiltEOATE MEETING was heM * tShincliff W& 1 JlQj ^ at * : t * he .. Rajim «««* * v -rrmt > : ~ n * a mm ^^^^^^ mfaeeiing ^ ottld' -ttdjotim until Saturday , Apnl 1 st , when it would be resumed in the above place , ( Half Moon Ian , Byker , ) at ten o ' clock in the forenoon of that day , unless the delegates at Shincliffe should determine to hold a general delegate meeting on the same day , of which timely notice will be given ; they then separated , each delegate expressing his determination to do all that lay in one man ' s power to further the cause for which they had met Several sums were paid for the benefit of the Scotch colliers , besides sums to an- incredible amount , considering tho condition of the contributors , towards the general fnud . The lla , 0 i . reported in last week's Star , to have been paid from Elmor , should be Eist Cramlington and Sheriff Mill , instead of Sheffield .

      LONDON . —Walwobth . —The cause is " on its legs a # ain" h « re . ' An apathy had overtaken the Chartista of th . ia locality , but ihey have again aroused . A fresh enrolment was made on Monday evening , aud things promise well . Public meetings will hereafter beholden weekly at the Montpelier Tavern , on Monday evenings BlRfttiNGBAm Council Meeting . —The Council held its usual weekly meeting , at the Ashton-street room , on Monday last . A large number of the members were present . After the collections were handed in , a debate ensued about issuing cards , of the Birmingham Charter Association , as it was disputed whether the National

      cards could be legally circulated among the members of the local body . * The question after considerable disoussion , was deferred for further debate , it was tnen resolved to hold a Conference of all the members on Monday next , March 27 th . at the Black Horse . Inn , Prospect row , at seven o'clock in the evening , when it is to be hoped there will be a full attendance . The prospects of the body are every week becoming more promising . A short time and it will be one of tbe most powerful democratic * bodies in the country . * The National cards may be legally circulated among the members of the locality ; but must not be regarded as tests of membership for them . —

      Ed . N . S . Mb . White delivered a long address on the present state of the working classes , in the Aston-streefc Room , on Sunday evening . The meeting-room was well attended . Mr . Mead in the chair . The members of the council are specially to meet at the counoil-room , on Sunday atternoon , at three o ' clock . White ' s Trial . —As Mr . White's trial will take place in the course of a few days . It is the intention of a number of his friends to have a supper in honour of that gentleman , previous to his- departure for Warwick . The number of tickets will be limited , and may be had at the Harp Inn , Steelhouse-lane , and Mr . J . Fallows , Monmouthstreet .

      ABERDEEN ;—On Monday evening last , Mr John Smart delivered a lecture in the Hall , No . 38 , George-street , on the oa . useaof the existing distress . He said that class legislation was the root of the evil , and enumerated as an effect of that system , the laws of entail and primogeniture ; the expensive state church ; war ; the unlimited power of machinery ; the banking system under iis present establishment ; the corruptions of law and its expensive and perverted administration .

      Untitled Article

      Londow . —Mr . Goodwyn Barmby will lecture on Sunday evening next , at tbe Hall , Turnagain-lane , Skinner-street . Mr . Fussfxl will lecture , on Monday evening , at the Southern Literary Institution , ( late RoCundaJ Blackfriara-road . The General Conference Committee and tho Delegates to the Birmingham Conference are requested to meet on Friday evening next , at the Crown and Anchor , corner of Bear Alley Farringdon-street . A Pcbuc Meeting will be held on Tuesday evening next , at the Hall of the National Association , Holborn , to adopt the National Remonstranoe Chut to ba taken at eight o ' clock .

      Martlrbone . —Mr . Camerot will lecture at Mr Savage ' s , dross-street , on Sunday next , at half-past seven in the evening . Paddiivgton . —Mr . John Watkins will lecture to the Charter Coffee House , Edgoware-road , on Monday evening next , at eight o ' clock . Chabtist Carvers and Gilders , Mr . Bailey ' s , 42 , New Compton-atreet , Soho . On Monday evening next , Mr . Skelton wiH lecture on the following subject : — " Man—his rights—what are they ! " Members and tha public are respeotfully invited to attend .

      Camber well Chabtists will meet as usual at the Cook Inn , March 27 , to hear Mr . J . Sewell deliver a lecture upon the principles of Republicanism . Other business of great importance will be brought before the meeting , involving the interest of the whole Chartist body , especially the Camberwell members . Limehousk . —A lecture will be delivered at the School Room , late Zion Chapel , Rope-makers * Fields , Limehouse , on Tuesday evening next . Southwabk Tea Party and Ball Committee . — The members of the above committee are requested to meet the secretary at the Black Eagle , Farish-Btreet , Horseleydown , Southwark , at seven o ' clock on Sunday evening , 26 th March , for a final settlement of its affairs . A balance sheet will be published for the satisfaction of the public .

      Padiham . —On Sunday next , Mr . Isaac Barrow , of Bolton , will deliver two sermons , in the Chartist Association Room , Padiham , when collections will be made in aid of the Defence Fund . Keighley . —The next Delegate Meeting of fcbis district will be holden in the Working Man's H "« Sun-street , Keighley , on Sunday , the 2 nd April , at ten o ' olook in the forenoon . Bolton . —Mr . Peter Rigby will lecture in the Charter Association Room , on Sunday next , ( tomorrow , ) at six o ' clock in the evening .

      Nottingham . —The committee for establishing a Working Man ' s Hall will meet delegates from tho various localities in Nottingham , on Monday evening , at eight o ' clock , at the Peacock Inn . —A series of experiments , illustrative of the science of Phreno-Magnetism , will take place at the Democratic Chapel , Rice-place ; tbe proceeds to be given to tho Defence Fund . Birmingham . —Tke monthly conference of the Chartists of Birmingham will be held at the Black Horse Inn , Prospect-row , on Monday next , the 27 Ih inst ., at seven o ' clock in tbe evening . There will also be a grand ball and miscellaneous concert , to aid Mr , G . White ' s defence , on Tuesday the 23 th » at the Royal Oak , Little Charles-street , * tickets sixpence eaoh .

      Manchksxer . —CaoppBR-STHEET . —Mr . Jas . Renshaw Cooper will lecture here on Tuesday evening , next , at eight o ' clock , "On the Principle of Co- , operation . " Wsd&bbbcby . —Monday next , M&roh 27 th , is & » day appointed for the assembling of the good and . true of South Staffordshire , to commemorate , the laying the first brick of the People ' s Hall . Mjtasrs . Cooper , O'Niel , Mason , and others , are inyiftad . to attend on that occasion . Ma . Wwi will visit Swadlincote on Stu&iifty , tha

      26 th ; Bartoa , oa Moiday the 27 th j _ Leaa-ester on Tuesday the 28 th ; Sheepshead , on Thaisday tha 30 th ; Loaghborough , on Friday the 3 ls 4 inet . ; and . at Nottingham on Sunday , April 1 st *; Suttoh-Ux-Ashfleld , on Monday the 2 dd ; Sheffield , on Tuesday ; and M&colssfiold , on Thursday the ^ K WSP . V Pfift Rochdale . —On Sunday next , Mnrrtl jffiwiiilw » r , James Mills , of Wnitwortb , WMr ^^^^^ lali ^ VvA dresses in the Chartist Assoo » tim ; mDS ^<^ nn ^\^ ST ^^ place ; one at half-past two a ' clot ^ t ^ a ^ fl ^ l \ r ^ the other at six in the 6 ieaiafl . 1 ^ •^^? 'l ^ v . ' s ^ t . Ji »*

      ; - , r- ' ~ >« £ j 5 j AT $ mSi * wi 'MviOK

      Untitled Article

      escaped their fangs . Peel and his " strong Governi ment" are at their wii's end , and having failed in I the last resource of Toryism—persecution , I am ' anxious to see to what they will next direct theii

      attention , as thev now find they cannot put down opinion or suppress agitation . 3 am , my friends , Yourfaithfnl servant , - Feabgos O'Conhob .

      : To The'imperial Chartists.

      : TO THE'IMPERIAL CHARTISTS .

      Untitled Article

      ! Monday , Mabch 20 . \ ( Before Mr . Baron Alderson . ) I SEDinos . 1 John West , aged 25 , was indicted for having , at Swadlincote , on ihel 8 :. h of September last , wickedly , maliciously , and seditiously uttered certain words ; coscerniEg our sovereign lady iht Queen . ; Mr . Wad-dlngton and Mr . Macaulay appeared ; in snpDort of the prosecution . The prisoner con-¦ ducted his own defence . Mr . Wai ) di 5 Gion staled that the prosecution had : been instituted by tlxe magistrates of the district in "which the alleged offsnes wjs committed , The prisoner was charged -with having , on Sunday , the ; 18-ih of September last , uttered , in tha presence of a ; large number of persona a discourse of an inflammatory and sediiioas character , .-calculated to-fnerte 1 persons to comnut-aotsbf outrage and insubordin * - t tion . The law npon the subject was this : —the ftrbt j duty of every subject was to obey the existing law , but it was tie privilege certainly of all to complain , 1 either in public or private , of any particular law : which they might consider injurious to themselveB

      or the country at larjje . Englishmen had a right to meet logeibe * , and discuss ihe merits of the lawo bj which they were governed , subject to one restriction , viz ., that it must be done in a way not to excite disturbance ef the public peace . Their complaints should be pointed at some particular grievance , and not be levelled generally against all law a * pd order . Tbev mn-t not call on parties to combine together to 3 UbYert the constitution ; and all persons -using language calculated to promote acts of insubordination were ^ uihy of sedition . The f £ c ? 3 of the C 35 « were as follow . In August asd September last , Staffordshire , Derbyshire , and some neighbouring counties were in a state of di Etnrbanee and riot , owing to a disagreement

      between masters and men upon tbe subject of wages . The prisoner had , upon more than oLe occasion , addressed large assemblies of miners ana potters on the borders of Staffordshire , who had turned oui on the day m question , being a Sunday . The prisoner addressed an . asstiabjy of about two hundred on Gresley Common , taking a test from Scripture . In the progress of his discourse he tad ntxered these WOKjS : ** We are told to unite together to oppose the abominable laws which stop oar right s by class legislation . ' * " We nm ? t be alive and active , for as long as we sleep qniet we shall not get our rights

      from the aristocracy . ** We must combine together to open the iMfe of the prison doors , and liberate those of our nraDiren who are confined for asking onr rights . " " "We have do Tight to be content with the abominable Istts which are entailed npon us . " These were the words used ; no one could mistake their tendency '; and it would be for tha prisoner to explain them away if he conld . The meeting commenced by singing a hymn , after which tbe prisoner took his text from tbe first chapter of the 2 d of Peter , the 4 : h and three following verses . He spoke foran hour and a-half , during which be nttered the expressions for which he had been indicted .

      The Defendant requested that all the witnesses misht be ordered oui of Court . The Learned Judge said that was a request which conld cot be complied with , but directed that a'l these who were not under examination should go out of hearing . John Thomas Woodbonse examined—I am mining agent of Ihe eolleries Of the Marquis of Hastings and those of Mr . Court Granville . The Marquis employs 400 men , and Mr . Court Granville 200 . In Angnst last , there W 3 S some discontent on the part

      of Mr . Coari Granvflle ' s men , which led to a tnrnout ; the men returned to their work on the 30 ih of August . Meetings were held while the celliers vrere ont . The colliers turned out throughout the whole of Staffordshire j the nearest point of the Staffordshire collieries was thirty miles off . Chnrch Gresley was about four miles from the borders of Staffordshire . Chartist ma tings were held in the neighbourhood of Church Gresley . I was told there would be a meeting on the 18 : h of September and I gave directions for special constables to attend it .

      Cross examined by defendant—You state there was a disagreement between the colliers and their employers—what was it ?— The colliers turned out for an advance of wages . The mining districts of Staffordshire , you say , are thirty miles off you —Yes . John Chariton examined—I live at Swadlineote ; am . a poliee officer there . Oa Sunday the 18 th of September , I was informed a meeting was to be held there ; 1 received orders to watch their proceedings . 1 went to Church Gresley Common , which is about a quarter of a miie from Church Gresley ; there were about 130 or 140 persons there when 1 arrived . Most of them were working people—colliers and potters . This was between two and three o ' clock

      in tbe afternoon . I know West now , but I did not know him then . West did not live in the neighbourhood ; he vras elevated on a stool form , and was giving ont a hjmn . A short time after he took a text ; it was from the 1 st chapter of tho 2 nd Epistle of Peter , the fourth and three following verses . I took notes of some parts of his address j he spoke an hour or an hour and a-half . He said— "We are told to unite together to oppose the abominable laws which stop our rights by class legislation . " He had , perhap 3 , spoken ten or fifteen minutes before he said this . About four or five minutes after , be said— " We must be alive and active , for as long as we keep qniet we shall not get our rights from the aristocracy . " After some time , he said—** We must combine together to break open ,

      or , and break open the prison doors , and liberate those our brethren that are confined for asking for our rights . " He used the word " our" to the best of my knowledge . After a short time he raid— " We have no right to be content with these abominable laws th&t are entailed upon us . " 1 only took down such words as 1 thought improper to be nsed . He appeared to open hi 3 diBconKe in a religious strain , but he did not go back to religions Eubjects again . He talked afterwards about politics , and said a good deal about Church and State . The audience was qsiet . 1 did not interfere till they began to make a collection ; defendant Eaid it was for assisting ia T&e defence of his brethren confined in gaol . 1 said I would not allow a collection to be made ; they then desisted . 1 went to defendant at a bouse-afterwards . He was not committed till

      October . Cross-examined by Dafendant—After the hymn , was there not something else ! Do yon recoEect -what it was ? Something meant fer prajer ; I considered it a mockery- Did you not hear me give thanks for an abundant harvest 1 1 "will not say I did not . I heard yon read the text . I beard you divide it . I do not remember your explanation of virtue . Do you not recollect it was—purity and uprightness oi our lives ? Ko , I heard you divide tbe text and attempt to explain it . but I canaot remember what it was . J heard you mention moral duties . Do jon not recollect that I described temperance as not consisting so much in moderation in eatinsand xmnkinga 3 inonrlangnageandactJons ? No , I cannot say what jour words were . Do yon recollect , what 1 described godliness tobel No . Do you not

      recollect that I said that we found it in the character of Christ I Ko ; 1 remember your quoting from the 42 d chapter of Isaiah , and to the best oi my recollection it was the 6 xh verse . Was it not that pasgair e— « The " spirit of the Lord God is npon me ; becansetbe Lord hath annointed me to preach good tidings uiiio the meek ; he hath sent me to bind np tbe broken hearted , to pxoclaim liberty to the captives , and the opening of the prison to them that arebonnd ! " Those are not the words yon used ; you did not ufe them at that time as you do now . Did not I say that they could not do better than to contribute of their meanB to effect the opening of the prison doors to them that are bound ! Those are not the words . Let me see the wordB as you took them . ( The witness gave the defendant Mb notes . ) Dont you recollect any alfttsion to contributing of their means to obtain a fair trial for those that were in

      His Lobdship here Baid—Why snll yon do yonrself mischief by throwing such imputations on ihe administration of justice ? Thos # ixmsons Lad * fair trial , and I -will take care yon have . The defendant Baid he did not mean to throw out . any such insinuation , but hewonld explain himself to the Jnry . __ , Cross-examination continued—Was there any impression on yonr mind that what I said had a tendency to excite the people to commit acts of violence ? It wonld not have that effect on me , but 1 think , ii wonld on other persons . There was no violence in yenr manner of speaking . You heard me explain patience—was there any particular eir-

      ! Midland Circuit.—Derby. R

      ! MIDLAND CIRCUIT . —DERBY . r

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      Yekbatim Report Of The Chartist Trials At Lancaster.

      YEKBATIM REPORT OF THE CHARTIST TRIALS AT LANCASTER .

      Untitled Article

      VOL . . YL ffO . 280 , SATURDAY , MARCH 25 , 1843 . PmcE ^^^^ SW ^ °

      Untitled Article

      h jc * " " AND LEEDS GENERAL ApYERTISEB , j

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), March 25, 1843, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct643/page/1/