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Northern Star (1837-1852), 24th December 1841, Edition 3 of 5, Page 6

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      STATE OF THE COUNTRY . We select the folio-wing examples of the growing destitution of ' merrie England" from the papers which have reached as since Saturday last The first is a memento of the " distress" existing *' at Court , " and will be read with peculiar interest a ; the present time : —

      TUB ROTAt CHRrSTE . vr . VG . It has been determined that the christening of bis Royal Highness the P / ince of Wales shall take place at Windsor ; and from the arracgemeuts in contemplation and in progress , there is no doubt that this ceremony will be celebrated in the chapel of St . George , with great pomp and magnificence . There is also vary little doubt that it mil take place on Thursday , the 10 th of February , the anniversary of her Hsjesty ' a union with his Royal Highness Prince Albert . The day , hewever , has not yet been fixed upon by her Majesty . St George ' s Chapel waa on Tuesday morning minutely inspected by Mr . Saunders , accompanied by Dr . Reid , who superintended the ventilation and lighting of the House of Commons , for the purpose of adopting some

      plan to warm , by means of numerous air-stoves , the whole of the interior of that txtensive edifice during the time occupied by the performance of the ceremony . Earl Delawarr , the Lord Chamberlain , -was engaged for some time in the chapel on Siturday , suggesting various arrangements for the ceremony . A covered platform ? ill be erected , leading from the Castle , along which the procession "will pass to the chapeL It is expected that the whole of the Knights of the Girter will be Drtsent in their robes , with the Military KuighU of Windsor , and the several officers « f the order . In the evening thtre will be a grand banquet in St George ' s Hall , and covers wiil be laid for npwardi of one hundred and fifty of her Majesty's distinguished guests , A magnificent cupet , to b « used expressly upon

      tbe occasion of the christening , has been ordered for St . Gteorge"s Hall . It will be studded with various appropriate heraldic devices , in keeping with theembellkhments of this spendid apartment , and in connexion with the Order of the Garter . In the centre will be woven a beautifnl representation of St George and the Dragon . In order that the whole of her Majesty ' s gnesu upon this occasion may be accommodated during their stay at Windsor , Frogmore-lodge will be entirely appropriated to their use , orders having been given to the different tradesmen to make the necessary preparations for thst purpose . A large house on Cattle-hill , at present emptj , lately in the occupation of Colonel Millnun . belonging to the Crown , is likewise to be

      furnished for the use of the Queen ' s visitors . Several of tbe State apartments at the Castle , -which are usually exhibited to the public , have been ordered to be closed for the purpose of enabling the authorities at the Castle to proceed with the necessary arrangements . Amongs : the apartments thus closed are the Ball and Thronerooms . The whole of tbe internal arrangements connected with this important ceremony have been confided to tbe skilful superintendence of Mr , founders , the Inspector of Palaces . The Bponsors invited to answer at the font for tie future Monarch are—the KiDg of Prussia ; tbe Duke of Cambridge ; Ferdinand , Duke of Saxe Coburg , uncle of Prince Albert ; the Princess Sophia ; and the Duchess of Suxe Cobourg .

      SP 1 TALFIELDS WEAVERS . If ever it were imperative to act opom the motto that " charity begins at home , " U is at this truly awful crisis , when Misery , destitution , and despair are at our very doors . It ia true that poverty in iti most frightful forms , is spread through the length and breadih of the land —that our agriculturists are steeped to the lips in misery , and out manufacturers are insolvent , while the general trade of the couDtry is at a " dead still ; " and it is equally true that it is the duty of all to do every thing to alleviate and avert , if possible , this scene of general calamity and national bankruptcy . Still , reason , justice , and policy , demand that we should first attend to the wants of cur own homes before we look abroad . Hence , although we are most anxious to

      extend the hand of mercy to the starving working classes of England , Ireland , and Scotland , we must be first satisfied that we have discharged the great and paramount duty of charity towards the destitute poor of our own neighbourhood . With this coinmun sense and Christian view of the dictates of Christian benevolence and bumsBity , it is but right that we should , in the first instance , direct the streams of national philanthropy to flow to those appalling scentB of woe , misery , and destitution which our metropolis presents , and which are no where to be found ia a more frightful form than as they exist in the neighbourhood and the dwellings of the Spitalfielda wtavers . So dreadful are the privations of those wretched men and their families , that nature is daily sinking under them , and numbers are fondly lookiDg to tbe grave as a release

      from their overpawering SBH-rings . It is impossible for the most obdurate to hear even a recital of their miseries without shedding s tear of compassion over the heart-rending catalogue . The greatest distress prevails at Bethnel Green . In its workhouse there are 1 , 060 inmates , while 1 , 350 are receiving out-door relief . There is not one person in Bethnal Green who keeps his carriage , and but very few independent , considering that the parish contains 75 , 000 souls . There are in it 13 , 000 looms , each loom , when at work in its various ramifications , namely , dying , win ^ ipg , warping , entering , and weaving , employs three persons , making 39 , 000 persons immediately dependant on the silk branch of this trade . Half these Jooas are now out ot employ . There are , therefore , 19 500 operatives idle , the half of whom have large families pining in penuy and most , excruciating distress .

      DODEE . The distress among tbe labouring population of oar own locality at this moment iBrow more alarming than many of our readers are aware of . Every description of manual labour is now beginning to feel the effects ef a restrictive duty . Though some of oar standing machinery has been put into operation , a proportionate extra quantity of weavers have not been employed . Tbe finer fabric , which is principally woven by machinery , no donbt has increased ; but , generally speaking , the greater quantity of spun-yarn has been exported to be spun by the foreigner . While the manufacturing interests feel tbe effects of the prohibitory system , those branches of industry more immediately connected with our home trade , though they too have an interest

      in the foreign , have now ca'Jgl . t the mania , and tbe consequence is , that many of the families of our best artisans have now to depend on human sympathy for existence . Our dockyards are emptying daily , and house-carpenters are equally helpless ; we know one joiner who in May hist had npwaris of fifty men in his employment , whilst at this moment be can only boast of being able to procure labour for three . Cabinetmakers , too , are complaining , not unjustly . It is now an undeniable fact , that almost every branch of industry in our country is suffering more or less from the fetters which entwine it ; and that if some salutary plan be not immediately adopted , the acknowledged ingenuity and skill of our mechanics , as well as our capital , must bid us a long and it may be a ltvtirig farewell

      EOCHDALE . The following official report was read at a meeting at Manchester the other day . — Cabinet-Makers' Furniture . —Minute inquiries show that from fifteen years previons to 1828 , there were twenty-eight to thirty journeymen cabinet-makers and a few boys regularly and fully employed in Koccdale . At this time there are only twelve or thirteen journeymen and about ten boys in tbe trade , and these have not had full and regular employment for a long time past . The population of the town and neighbourhood has greatly increased during tbe past fifteen or twenty yean ; but there has been no increase of furniture , clearly proving that the condition of the people is much worse , and their comforts greatly abridged .

      TTLAVB 1 . I . IXG Scotchmen . —1 . Travels Todmorden , S&ddleworth , Shaw , Lees , Oldham , Middleton , Hey . wood , WiMle , and neighbourhood of Rochdale . Has travelled part of this district for twenty jean , dealing with may families throughout this period ; bit customer * have gradually become poorer , and axe now mostly raised , and unable to buy clothing , tea , coffee , & « ., as formerly . Six years ago their condition vu much better . Todmorden waa then hi * beet districtnow very orach worse , mills there having worked short time many montka . Ia his journeys be find * many bouse which he has known wtll furnished almost stripped , the furniture having gradually been disposed of to pro-Tide food . Has given np the Wardle JUtrict , tbe people being reduced to poverty bo abject that they can pay for nothing . Most customers are ashamed to meet him , and skulk away to avoid him when they know he is coming , as they have nothing to pay for what they

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      have had from him . This Is a common occurrence about Middleton and the nelghbourhod . Many traveller ! have given up tbe trade—their once good customers now impoverished , their purchases very small , and bad debts rendering the trade a ruinous one to those engaged in it - Shopskbpebs and Phovtsion Dealers . —i . The quantity of meal sold in proportion to tbe flour is mush greater than it used to be half a doisa or three or four yean ago . Sells much less of cbeete and sugar , and not more than two-thirds of his former sale ; and not more than half the tobacco . Tbe quantity of malt ia reduced to one-third of his sale in better times . Debto cannot be paid ; many honest and industrious customers have debts standing over till times mend .

      2 . More meal in proportion to the flour sold now than a few years ago . His customers bay half a pound or a pound of meal at once , a « they are able . Much less tea sold ' ; sugar one-half less ; tobacco one-third less . New'butter not much bought ; eld cheaper ; often none used . In cheese the reduction Ia one-half . Bread sold in pennyworths commonly ; all the common articles of food sold now in very small quantities . Debts standing over till better times . Only sells one load of malt where he used to sell four . Boy eame for three halfpenny worths of meal In rags ; family of seven , sober and industrious ; at most wages with full w « rk 11 s . to 12 s . per week ; father 7 s . or 8 s ., two boys earn 4 s , with setting cards . Only one bed for seven persona ; no hope of improvement .

      3 . Doable quantity of meal and coarse flour sold in proportion to the whole quantity for bread . Customers who used to buy a pound of sugar now buy a pennyworth , or a quarter of a pound for twopenee . Tea sold in quantities as small as half a quarter of an ounce , for a halfpenny . Butter as low as a halfpenny ; or a penny ; bacon a penny , or a quarter of a pound for twopence . Fear or rive in a family send for half an oatcake , worth one halfpenny , with bits and scraps of bacon , worth a halfpenny or a penny more . Meal sells moat in quantities of one pound sach . Only sells half as much cheese as formerly , and of a lower quality At breakfast and dinner horn's many come in for a halfpenny or a penny worth of bread . Debts cannot be collected . Knows that many of his customers are short of food ; hears many a curse as tbe destitute part with their last coin for half a meal for themselves and their children . Wishes Sir Robeit Peel migb * stand in his shop for one day , and will gladly let any gentleman do so who doubt * any part of this statement

      Botchers , Skinners , and Tanners . —Estimate that four yean ago 130 beasts were killed weekly in the parish of Rochdale ; now not more than 65 to 70 are killed . Sheep and . pigs much fewer . Poor pieces eagerly bought ; good jointe difficult of sale . Customers buy a pennyworth or two-penny worth of bits of suet or steak . Cannet buy more . The condition « f the population very much worse than four years ago . •] Dispensary . —The reports of the Dispensary exhibit a very serious increase of the number of applicintB for medical assistance . In 1835 the applicants

      were 1 , 809 , and in 1810 not less than 2 , 441 . The Good Samaritan Society exhibited the same symptoms of distress . In tbe three years ending 1837 , the num . bers relieved were 607 , whil 8 in the three years ending 18 * 0 they had increased to 863 , and tbe increase of expenditure in 1841 over that of 1835 , was £ 1 , 322 , or 115 per cent Tbe Poor-rates in Scotland township in 1835 were £ 4 , 638 , while in 184 » they amounted to £ 6 . 332 . The committals by the Magistrates had increased in the three dear years , as compared with the three cheap years , by 502 cases , or 67 per cent

      The wages in the cotton trade are now coming down , and the decline is already from 12 to 15 pet cent within a few months . Many pereons are unemployed , and there is no prospect of any change for the better . Surgeon's Opinion . —We , tbe undersigned , areof opinion that , owing to the high price of food and want of employment , the labouring classes in the borough of Rochdale and * ts neighbourhood are now suflfcring great and increasing privations . That they are in great numbers unable to obtain wholesome food sufficient quantity to maintain them in health , and thus they are predisposed to disease and rendered unable to resist its attacks . That affections and diseases of the skin , with

      many others , are caused by a poor supply of food , and by innutritions food , and that many cases of appalling distress and suffering come aliuoitdaily under our notice . In these respects the population amongst whom we practice are in a much worse position now that they were five or six years ago ; and that , for three years past , their condition has been gradually sinking , and we never knew them in so bad » state at aay former period . T . H . Wardlkwobth , Robert Bvker . Gkorgk Morris , Walter Dunlop . Rochdale , Dec 13 th , 1841 .

      PRESTON . Although Preston has not suffered to the same extent as many other manufacturing towns , yet , as evidences of the deterioration of its trade and the sufferings of the people , I present you with the following statement on which yen may rely . Last year the collectors of poors' -rates returned the unoccupied houses a * 1 , 230 . Although they have not quite finished the delivery of the tickets for the present half-year , they stated that there will be at least an additional 400 bouses empty , so that we nave now up »» rds of 1 , 600 houses without tenants . It would be difficult to state with certainty the number of perse ns out of work . Last spring an anti-Corn Law petition was signed by 1 200 of this class . The number I am certain is now more than doubled .

      Last year tbe cost of maintaining tbe poor was higher than in the previous years , but tbe out-relief is now 55 per cent and the in-door relief 41 per cent more than at this time last year . 'Even young men , skilled artisans , are begging every week for admission into tbe workhouse . The number of patients admitted into tbe Preston Dispensary not only shows the increase of sickness among tbe poor , but plainly points out the periods of cheap food as decidedly favourable to health : — Number of cases : —In 1832 , 2 . 481 ; 1833 , 2 , 267 ; 1834 , 2 , 400 ; 1835 , 2 308 ; 1836 , 1 . 910 ; 1837 , 2374 ; 1838 , 2 , 293 ; 1839 , 2 , 431 ; 1810 , 3 , 072 ; 1841 , 3 , 078 .

      The bill * of mortality for the parish show , that while the baptisms have increased in about the same ratio as tbe population , the burials are more than double the number in 1840 compared with 1841 . Tbe increase of mortality is seen from the following returns for Preston for the four years since the new registration was introduced : —Number of deaths—1838 , 1 , 26 a ; 1839 , 1 , 277 ; 1840 , 1 , 739 ; 1841 , 1 , 729 . The following account of the number of ca&as tried for felony at the Preston sessions from 1831 to 1841 , clearly mark the cheap and dear years in their influence noon crime : — In the year 1831 , 248 cases ; in 1832 , 224 caaes ; in 1833 , 198 cases ; in 1834 , 249 cases ; in 1835 . 168 cases ; in 1836 , 187 cases ; in 1837 , 277 cases ; iu 1838 , 308 cases ; in 1835 , 328 cases ; in 1840 , 366 cases ; in 1838 . 3 G 6 caaes : in 1841 . 421 cases .

      This increase has been principally from those residing in the town , as will appear from the following : — Cases of Felony from Preston . In the year 1835 , 18 ; 1836 , 27 ; in 1837 , 84 ; in 1838 , 108 ; in 1839 , 112 ; in 1840 , 160 ; in 1841 , 144 . This alarming increase is attributed by some to the increase of dram-shops , concert-rooms , &c , but when I consider tbe great increase of churches , chapels , schools , and moral iu .-titutss , which ought to be in their counteracting influence , I cannot help attributing much of this increase to the want of employment caused by the pressure of the times , and -which always falls first upon the idle and dissolute .

      The wages of spinners have been reduced this year about ten per cent , with a probability of a still greater reduction . Tbe wages of the weaver fell twenty-five per cent , during the present year . Some manufacturers have closed , and many others are regularly reducing the number of their bands . Weavers are wandering about and willing to take work at any price . Every body ' s spirits are down ; the shopkeepers are complaining bitterly , and the small farms in the neighbourhood , owing to bad seasons and heavy taxes , are fast sinking into ruin . A subscription bas been raised ,

      senp , meal , clothing , and bedding are being given to the poor . I visit the houses of the poor every week , bat to give you a description of the poor living and tbe miserable furniture ( if such it can be called ) , of the wretched bedding , of tbe amount of human wretchedness and misery -whicif I find amongst them , would exceed all belitf unless it were witnessed . I took the Rev . Mr . Spencer and J . Curtis , Esq ., when here , to see some of these cases , and they seemed astonished at the scenes of human misery , as well as Christian patience exhibited by these poor people .

      Owners tl cottage propeity can scarcely get any rent , and distress sales are frequent I asked one of tbe collectors to give me the returns of the amounts of some of hi * distress sales . He handed me the following statement of the gross sums received at thirteen different sales within tbe last two months : — 1 st , £ 1 lls . ; 2 nd , Us . 2 J > 1 ; 3 rd , £ 2 8 s . ; 4 th , 3 % 4 ijd . ; 5 th , Us . 2 d . ; 6 th , 8 s . 3 jd . ; 7 t » , 12 s . 6 id . ; 8 th , 7 s . id . ; SUi , 2 s . 8 d . ; 10 th , 12 s . 3 d . ; 11 th , 7 a . 10 £ d . ; 12 th , 13 s . Id . ; 13 th , 6 s . 3 d . It may be necessary to explain that the sale which produced £ 2 8 s ., waa in tbe case of a small shopkeeper . When it is considered that the miserable bedding and furniture ot a whole JamUj will not £ steh more than £ i 8 a , 2 s . 8 d » , or 3 s . 4 d ., or scarcely ia amount to more than 20 b . can we wonder at the pepnasioa of tbe horn * market T .

      Indeed we arc in a dreadful state , * n 4 although apparextly as quiet as deaih , toe feeling . of dlsaffettton la rapidly progressing . Our sinking in morals is not less rapid than that in referencs to our physical condition . J . Litesbi . Preston , Dec 15 , 1841 . 0 SWAU > TWI 8 TLE , ™ TUE PARISH OP WHALLEY . Populstlon 6 , 500 . There are 1 , 177 individuals , const ' itutlng 243 families , whose average earnings per wtek are Is . 3 id . No account was tiken of any family where

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      the earnings amounted to or exceeded 2 s . per week for each individual , and a great number were just over that limit The general destitution ia great In some cases the visitors found only one bed for ten persona , without a particleof covering , andin many Jn » tac « , four , five , and six had to occupy one bed , with nothing to throw over them . A great many whose earnings ate more than 2 s . are almost entirely destitute of beds and clothing . : i ' ¦ .. -.. ' ¦ ( The scenes of misery , destitution , and wretchedness which the visitor * have witnessed , they would hope are without a parallel , and there- appears at present no prospect of any amendment , but fear that even the small pittance which many are enabled to obtain will be yet further reduced . '

      About £ 280 have been collected in aid of the suffering poor of the district Sir Robert Peel owns land in tbe parish from whioh he draws in rent about £ 2 , 000 a-year . I understand that he has given the " princely " donation , from the abovosum of £ 20 towards the relief of the poor . Decenber 15 th , 1841 . Glossop . —Since 1836 the , reduction in wages has been on spinning 25 per cent , on card-room hands 12 per cent , on , power-loom weaving 14 per cent . ¦ With regard to the numbers employed , only one part of the

      neighbourhood has as yet been taken . But , judging from the one that has been taken , I should say that the number of unemployed in the manor is about 700 . The number of mills not working is 13 . On account of the badness of trade there is no building going on , and ali masons , joiners , &c . In the neighbourhood are out of work . But now there is a great number of houses uninhabited , and the depression of all kinds of property kas been very great I think I may safely say that there is not a single splnner ' or manufacturer who ia not carrying on hU business at a loss , and in many cases a very great one .

      HYDE . A reduction of the wages of factory hands to the amount of 12 per cent has taken place in the last two years . In and adjoining Hyde , factories heretofore employing 1 , 700 hands are entirely stopped , and others employing 4 , 000 hands are working only feur daysa week . Almost all tee carpenters , masons , bricklayers , machine-makers , and many other artixins and common labourers are suffering from want of employment . There ara six cotton factories and one print works not working . Crime has considerably increased . All the manufacturers have been obliged to Work their machinery

      with fewer hands , and have discharged every person with whom they could possibly dispense . Many workpeople who had built cottages have been obliged to sell them . Emigration is going on more extensively from this neighbourhood than at any former period . Many of the steadiest and most skilful operatives are included amongst the emigratts . Hyde , until lately , has been remarkable for being one of tbe most prosperous manufacturing districts ; but there is now a marked : difference in the comforts and appearance of the inhabitants , and the distress among the working classes is rapidly increasing .

      HAMLET AND SUBURBS OP MOSSLEY . Population , g , 000 ; houses , 1 , 550 ; unoccupied houses , 140 ; mills working , 37 ; partially working , 6 ; entirely stopped , 8 ; working full time , 7 ; working short time , 22 ; hands employed , 2 800 ; hands unemployed , 450 . Wages . —The decrease in tbe wages of cotton hands during the last ten years is 25 per cent The decrease iu the wages of woollen hands for the same time ia 45 per cent Condition . —The want of employment , and the general working of short time , cause the district to be in a very deplorable state . There are many families . in tbe deepest distress . Shopkeepers and tradesmen of all kinds cry out most bitterly ; complaints are universally prevalent , and prospects for the future exceedingly dark and gloomy , and altogether things seem to be on a fearful system of the downward " sliding scale . " BURT .

      Wages paid by Wages paid by R . Walker , Smith , Walker & Brother , and Co ., ma- engineers and iron chine-makers . founders . Total . 1836 £ 22 . 039 £ 23 414 £ 45 , 543 1837 . 16 774 19 , 914 3 C . 687 1 W * 20 , 306 27 , 200 47 , 565 1839 14 219 25 784 40 . 003 1840 11 , 124 17 , 709 28 . 833 1841 .... 10 . 546 13258 23 , 804

      The wages for tbe last few weeks have only averaged £ 350 a week , with every prospect of a still further falling off . The only a'teration in the rate of wages is amongst the mechanics , but that will not amount to more than five per cent , upon the present gross payments . The machine-making establishment has been almost entirely employed in making self-actlrg mules , or altering old mules so as to work upon that principle .

      LEIGII . The greater part of the working population ia employed in silk weaving , and tbe wages paid are nominally the same as in 1836 , but since that period tbe trade has experienced numerous and great depressions , during which heavy deductions have been made from tbe wages of weavers . The cotton weavers employed have bad their wages reduced about 20 to 25 per cent since 1836 , and they now receive 6 s . for weaving a description of cloth for which 30 a . were regularly paid to 1816 . An able-bodied and clever

      workman does not earn more than 5 s . per week in this branch . It is calculated that there are 3 , 000 looms out of employment during the last three months , and perhaps about 4 , 000 employed in the silk trade . The cotton weavers of the district have been little more than halt employed for the two years previous te last October , since when they have been somewhat better employed , though not fully , and great numbers have given it up altogether . The hands in four factories are fully employed , and in the remaining five about half employed .

      The following are the amounts paid on account of the poor ' s-rates since the formation of the Leigh Union : — The last three months in 18 S 8 £ 1 , 415 1839 8 , 772 1840 4 674 The first nine months in 1841 3 . There are two cotton factories unemployed . In consequence ot the scarcity of work , the low rate ot wages , and the high price of provisions , a subscription to the amount of £ 400 has been raised in the township for tbe relief of the most destitute ; and from the reports of the vtetora employed , it appears that the people are in a state of greater wretchedness than they have been in since the year 1826 .

      WIGAK . The bandloom weavers have been reduced since the year 1835 from 7 s . to 5 s . per piece . The power loom weavers have been reduced in a similar proportion to tbe mule spinners and reelers , as will be explained below . The cotton spinners' rate of wages has not varied much for the last six years , except among reelers and mule spinners , whose wages have been reduced one-fifth . With four exceptions , the mills In the town are now working enly four days a week ; consequently , reducing the operatives one-third for want of full employment . The colliers in Wigan and the neighbourhood , in the year 1835 , got 6 s . 8 d . for getting three tons of coals . In tbe present year 1841 , they get 7 s . foi getting seven tons sixteen cwt of

      coals , and there is now more difficulty in getting the coals than there was in 1835 , owing to the depth of the pits , and tbe accumulation of water and infhraitiable gas . 795 families have been visited , comprising 3 , 780 individuals ; of these 1 , ^ 23 are under twelve years of age ; of the remainder , at least , one-third are entirely unemployed , another one-third wholly employed , nnd the other one-third only partially employed . At a fair computation by persons com pet ait to form an opinion , at least , one-half of the population consists of labouring persons , of whom one half are wholly unemployed . The amount of poor ' s-rates for the last six years : — Upon an assessment of £ 34 , 930 , tbe annual average rate levied for the years 183 C , 1837 , and 1838 , was £ 3 , 493 15 a . 6 * d . Iu 1839 , a new assessment was

      made , and apen the new assessment of £ 47 , 712 , the rate levied for the year 1839 was £ 4 , 771 15 s 6 d : in 1840 it w-s £ 6 , 464 ; and in 1841 it has already been at £ 8 , 7 42 . There are seven mills ut present not working and notice has been given this week for the stoppage of another in a fortnight The largest engineering establishment in the town has commenced partially Working four days per week . There are upwards of 260 persons em ployed at this establishment . The people , although in great distress , and in too many instances , positively starving to death , appeared to enjoy momentary consolation from the very fact of persons being appointed to inquire into and sympathise -with their Buffering . The persons vltlted consisted of hand-loom weavers , factory operatives , coal-miners , artisans , and others , all of whom ,

      with the exception of a trifling few , obligingly gave the required information . The number of families visited were 795 , comprising 3 , 780 individuals , 1423 of whem are under twelve years of age , about one-third of the remainder are without employment ; tbe other twothirds , some of tbem wholly , and others partially employed , unitedly , average in their weekly earnings , wiih parochial relief included , and rent deducted , £ 279 7 b 7 d , which divided ,-will give each individual the sum of la . 5 ^( 1 per week for food , clothing , candies , fuel , soap , fee ., or which , laid out in good bread at its now exorbitant price , would purchase only 7 ? l' « a . per week , or scarcely lib . 2 c z . per day for each Individual , leaving nothing for other food , eltrthlng , fuel , tea , coffee , or any ether article necessary . This asm per head is not equal in amount to the average coat of

      each pauper throughout the Poor Law Unions . Out of the whole number there are 1 , 159 wbOM avenge income varies from sixpence to on * shilling per head pec week , mad noi pxore , Destatpw ot ettcitiag every information connected with the manner in which tha working people , live both by nlgtt and by day , it wm fooad that 1 , 104 persona slept three in a bed ( If sach It could be Wiled ) , 712 four in » bed , 200 five , 15 » six , and 66 seven and eight in a bed , while a very many poor creatures were met with who had neither bed nor bedding , nor anything but the bate floor to lie down upon when nature became exhausted . Nineteen-twentietha of the materials termed "beds" and " bedding" cannot properly be said to have claim to such like terms , being nothing mere Id the majority of eases than old straw , chaff , shavings , or some otLer such like materials , held

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      together by coarse wrappering , without either blankets , sheets , or coverings of any kind , and in many instances where there was covering , it was only a piece of coarse calico pieces . Some' bad sold , and others , pawned all they could spare , even to their beds and bedding , to procure food for themselves and famishing children . However unnatural it may appear , it is nevertheless true , that in some dwellings old age , youth , and infancy , six , seven , and sight in number , of both sexes , are obliged to huddle indiscriminately together in ehe bed , for want of means to provide better accommodation . Several hundreds of families , both parents and children , have no change of clsthes of any description , the linen of both ; men , women , and children , has to b « washed on the Saturday

      night , the parties having to remain entirely destitute until it is dried . Hundreds also complain of their inability to attend their respective places of worship on the Sabbath day , for want of decent clothes to appear in ; while many , after relating the appalling difficulties under iwhich they laboured , wished "The Almighty might terminate their Bufferings before morning . " In several houses , during our visit in the afternoon , the children were crying most plteously , and in reply to a question for their : so doing , it was stated they were crying for bread , not having tasted any . kind of food that day . Some of the dwellings contained scarcely anything bat the bare walls ; In many of this description , there being no seats or any kind of furniture , we were obliged to write standing with our books upon our knees . ' *

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      *^^^^^^^ i ^^^ i ^ S » fSSSJ —^^ *^** - ^^* v ^^^' - » BEAUTIES OF ENGLISH LAW . On the 5 th of February last , there was published In the Shrewsbury Chronicle a paragraph , in which Mr . Fauntleroy , a wool-merchant of Bermondsey , was stated to have suffered a heavy losa , from having been induced to give goods to a person named Ho well , engaged in the woollen trade at Llanidloes , which were afterwards obtained by the party by whom the character was given . The name of the individual who gave the character was not stated In the paragraph , but on the 12 th February the attorney of Mr . Jones , a banker at Llanidloea , sent an affidavit to the Shrewsbury Chronicle , to the effect that his client was the party-alluded to in the paragraph . On the 4 th of March , Jonea , through hia attorney ' ,

      demanded the name of the persen who forwarded the original paragraph fjr publication , accompanied by a suggestion that if a statement were inserted to the effect that the editor " bad inquired into the accusation against Jones , and found it false" thia might end all further proceedings . After some correspondence , the name of the writer of the paragraph was communicated to Jones , and in the Shrewsbury Chronicle of tbe 12 th of March appeared the following retractation : — " As some persons seemed to imagine that the statements in the paragraph of the 5 th of February apply to Benjamin Jonea , Esq ., banker , Llanidloes , we have made inquiry , and are authorised to state that not the slightest

      imputation rebts on that gentleman . We are glad to give this decided contradiction . " On the day that this contradiction appeared , the writ in the action was issued . The trial was appointed to take place in Iiondon in June last , and for eighteen days the plaintiff and his attorney and witnesses , and the witnesses of the defendant , were , kept there at enormous expence , and dismissed without the cause being tried . The plaintiff then caused a special jury . to be summoned , to try the cause , and all tbe witnesses on both aides bad again to be taken to London , where , on Friday , the 3 rd instant , the cause was tried , and one farthing damages were given .

      Tbe plaintiff applied t » his Lordship to certify , in order to have his costs ; but Lord Denman said be did not consider this a case which required a certificate . The Shrewsburp Chronicle gives the following estimate of tb . % plaintiff ' a coBto . — EXPENSES OF WITNESSES , i& , ON THE FIRST TRIAL ,

      IK JUNE . JONES V . WATTON . Owens , solicitor , 18 days , at two guineas a-day .... ... 37 16 o Travelling expenses , 186 miles , at la . a mile up ... ... ... 9 6 0 Ditto , down . 9 6 0 Pryce , manufacturer . 15 s . a-day for 18 days 13 10 0 Travelling expenses , up and dewn la . a miles , from Llanidloes to London , 200 miles ... ... ... 20 0 0 Morris , stationer , 15 s . a-day for 18 days ... 13 10 0 Travelling expencts , up and down , 200 miles 20 0 0 Starkey , 18 days , at a guinea a-day ... 18 18 0 Travelling expenoea , 186 miles , up

      and down ... 18 18 0 Hayward , 18 day 8 at two guineas a-day ... 37 16 0 Travelling expences 20 0 0 Jones , 18 days ,. at 15 s . a-day 13 10 o Travelling expences 20 0 0 Fee to the counsel 21 0 0 Briefa 15 0

      SECOND IRIAL . Owens , 5 days 10 10 0 Travelling expenses , up and down 18 12 0 Stutkey , 5 daya ... ... 5 5 0 Travelling expenses 20 0 Hayward , 5 days ... 10 10 0 Travelling expenses ... ... 20 0 0 Fish , 5 days ... 3 15 0 Travelling expenses ... ... 20 0 0 Davies , 5 days ... 3 15 0 Travelling expenses 20 . 0 0 Jones , 5 days ... 3 . 15 6 Travelling expenses 20 0 0 Refreshers to three counsel ... ... ... 6 0 9 Fees to tueir clerks 110 Speoialjury ... 21 0 0 Court Fees 4 0 0 Other costs of the cause 35 6 O

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      £ 511 13 0 These are independent of the defendant ' s costs , the greater party of which , as it turns out , the plaintiff will have to pay , aud also independent of all the costs between himself and his attorney . The Welsh have tbe character of being a very litigious ' people , and no stronger proof could be given of tueir peculiar propensity tban this brief narrative . Mr . Jones , however , must be convinced now that a man may " pay too much for his whistle . "

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      RULES AND OBJECTS OF THE ANTI-TOBACCO TEMPERANCE ASSOCIATION . 1 . That this Association be denominated the Anti-Tobacco Temperance Association . 2 . That the affairs of the Association shall be managed by a Committee of six persons , with power to add to their number . 3 . That the Members of the Committee shall be elected every six months , one half to be re-elected . 4 . That the Committee shall meet once a week , er oftener if necessary . 5 . That there be a general met ting of the Association every for the admission of members , to receive reports , and the transaction of general business . 6 . That no rule or article be altered without tbe consent of a majority of members , all of whom shall receive a week ' s notice of the same .

      7 . That e . icb member subscribe one penny per week , to defray tbe expenees of the Association . 8 . That it be the duty of this Association to advance the moral and intellectual welfare of the members , by lectures and other means . 9 . That as early as the funds will allow , a convenient place shall be hired for tbe use of the Association , and a library of useful books be established , in order that the members may spend their leisure hours groflibly , and set a good example . 10 . That the members of the Association are earnestly recommended to take an interest in the welfare of each other , by trading with , and endeavouring to procure employment for any of the members who are in want of the same ; and in order to facilitate this object , a record of each member ' s trade , or occupation be kept by the secretary , and read over at the general monthly meetings .

      11 . That the members of this Association adopt , as their motto , the following beautiful rate of justice , "Do unto others as ye would they should do unto you . 12 . In order that harmony of sentiment , and unanimity of action , may characterise the Aasociation , all discussion on questions of Theology is expressly forbidden . 13 . That in order to prevent embarrassment in the pecuniary affairs of the Association , the Committee 8 hallnot allow the debts of the Association to exceed , at anytime , the sum ot 10 a . 14 . That pereons desirous of becoming members of this Association must abstain from tobacco , snuff . cigars , aad all intoxicating drinks for one week previous to their admission , in order to try the principle and prevent a relapse .

      15 . That a prise be given fot the be * t essay on tbe bad effects of tobacco , as soon as the funds can award the eame ; the amount of prize to be decided by a majority of members . 16 . That the following be the pledge aud qualification of membership ; We , the undeMigned , agree to abstain from tobabco , snuff , cigars , and ail intoxicating liquors , fermented or distilled , and in every suitable way dlscoantenance the causes and practises of intemperance . . -. ¦ . ¦ ¦ ¦ .. ; ' ¦¦ ¦ . ' ¦ -- ' i . ; - - ' : .-: ' - -. ¦ "¦ i-- .- - -- ---- ¦ 17 . That visitors be chotea to distribute tracts , visit members , coilwrt « outra » U «« a , aad V > makft , mcb atoUsticaLattars * as auf jbtajlladtoe . Aim that a SaperiBthBdentM appointed to « T « ry ten -tialtofK 16 . That in wannal mWlng of th * ArtoelatioB bo held at mush time and place as ttie commute * may appoint , at wMch meeting a General Report of the Association ' s proceedings during tho past year shall be

      19 . That there be open Committee on Tuesday even ings , at Mr . DorreUs Coffee House , 9 , West Smith field . Chair taken at eight precisely . 20 . All communications may sect , post-paid , to ~ Mr Christie , I . O . R ., 7 , Duke-atieet , Smithfleld .

      23anlt!Iuit0 ≫ ' &Iv

      23 anlt ! iuit 0 ' &iv

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      From the London Gazette of Friday , Dec . 17 . BANKRUPTS . John Walker , Wardonr-street , Oxford-street , appraiser , to surrender Dec . 24 , at half-past one . Jan . 28 , at twelve , at the Couit of Bankruptcy , Basinghallstreet Solicitors , Messrs . Cr&DCh asd Wright , London-Btreet , Fenchurch-street ; official assignee , Mr . Belcher . John Griffiths , i . eicester-&treet , Regent street , mil * liner , Dec . 24 , at half-past two . Jan . 28 , at one , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Basinghall-street Solicitor , Mr . Bell , Craven-street , Strand ; official assignee , Mr . Pennell . William Amos , Walbrook , City , sponge-merchant , Dec 24 , at eleven , Jan . 28 , at two , at the Court of B tnkruptcy , Basinghall-street . Solioitor , Mr . Kutherford , Lombard-street ; official assignee , Mr . Belcher . Charles Daniell , Oxford-street , jeweller , Doc . 28 , Jan . 28 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Basinghallstreet . Solicitor , Mr . Spyer , Broad-atreet-bnildinga ; official assignee , Mr . Whitmore , Basinchall-atreefc .

      Augustus Frederick Hemming , Chiawell-street , Finsbury , elastic surgical instrument-maker , Dec . 27 , Jan . 28 , at two , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Basinghall street . Solicitor , Mr . Teague , Crown-court , Cheapside ; official assignee , Mr . Turquand . Copthall-buildings . John William Horend , Paradise-street , Lambeth , builder , Dec . 28 , at one , Jan . 28 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Bastnghall-street . Solicitors , Measra , Thompson and Co ., Bucklersbury ; official assignee , Mr . Graham , Basinghall-Btreet . Robert Bacon and Robert Wayman , Barbican , wireworkers , Dec . 27 , Jan . 28 , at one , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Basinghall-street . Solicitors , Mesara Crosby and Co ., Church-passage , Old Jewry ; official assignee , Mr . Graham , Basinghall-street . .

      William Blain , St . Andrew ' s-road . Southwark , draper , Dec . 27 , Jan . 28 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , BasJughall-street Solicitor , Mr . C&ttlin , Ely-place , Holborn ; official assignee , Mr . Turquand , Copthallbuildinga . Robert Scott , William Fairlie , and Joseph Hare , Union-court , City , merchants , Deo . 29 . at twelve , Jan . 28 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Bisinghallstreet . Solicitor , Mr . Gordon , Old Broad-street ; official assignee , Mr . Johnson , Basinghall-street . John Colnett , Gravesend , hotel-keeper , Dec . 28 , at half-past one , Jan . 28 , at twelve , at the Court of Bankruptcy , Basinghall-street . Solicitors , Mr . Shoubridge , Bedford-row ; official assignee , Mr . Gibson , Basinghallstreet Elihu Wilson , King-street , St Giles , stationer , Jan 8 , atone , 28 , at eleven , at the Court of Bankruptcy Basinghall-street Solicitor , Mr . Gale , Basinghallstreet ; official assignee , Mr . Groom , Abchnrch-lane .

      Edward Hale Hughes , Wraxham , Denbighshire , licensed victualler , Dec 28 , Jan . 28 , at twelve , at the Wynustay Arms Inn , Wrexham . Solicitors , Messrs . Philpot and Son , Southampton-street , Bloomsbarysquare ; aad Mr . Hughes , Wrexham . Timothy Bourne , Liverpool , cotton-broker , Dec . 31 , Jan . 28 , at one , ' at the Clarendon Rooms , Liverpool . Solicitors , Mr . Howard , Liverpool ; and Messrs . Jeaings , Bolton , and Jenings , Elm-court , Temple . Joseph Rogers , Shrewsbury , hop-dealer , Dec . 31 , Jan . 28 , at eleven , at the Guildhall , Shrewsbury . Solicitors , Messrs . Ponall and Crosa , Staple Inn ; and Mr . Cooper , Shrewsbury . John Righton , Hebburn , Durham , brewer , Jan . 18 , at one , 28 , at eleven , at the Bankrupt Commission Room , Newcastle-upon-Tyue . Solicitors , Mr . Hoyle , Newca * tle-upon-Tyne : and Messrs . Crosby and Compton , Church-court , Old Jewry .

      Thomas Eskrigge , Warrington , Iaacashire , cottonmannfacturer , Jan . 7 , 28 , at twelve , at the Clarendon Kooms . Liverpool . Solicitors , Messrs . Adiingt m , Gregory , Faulkner , and Follett , Bedford-row ; and Messrs . Nicholson and Sons , Warrington . Joseph Peel , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , picture-dealer , Jan . 13 , at eleven , 28 , atone , at the Bankrupt Commission Room , Newcastle-upon-Tyne . Solicitors , Mr . Piumptre , Lamb-luilding , Temple ; and Mr . Cram , Newcastle-upon-Tyne . James lngham . Halifax , Yorkshire , stonemason , Dec 29 , at nine , Jan . 28 , at the Shakespeare Inn , Halifax . Solicitors , Messrs . Jaques , Battye , and Edwards , Elyplaco ; add Mr . Edwards , Halifax . Charles Carr , Heaton Norris , Lancashire , cotton manufacturer , Jan . 7 , 28 , at three , » t the Commissioners ' Rooms , Manchester . Solicitors , Messrs . Coppock ana Woollara , Stockpoit ; and Mr . Coppock , Clevelandrow , Saint James ' a .

      Richard Coleman , Manchester , mercer , Jan . 1 , atone . 28 , at eleven , at the Commissioners' Rooms , Manchester . Solicitors , Messrs . Sale and WorthiBgton , Manchester ; and Messrs Baxter , LoacoIn ' B Inn-fields . Michael Potter and John Lever , Manchester , commission ageiits , Jan . 7 , 28 , at two , at the Commissioners' Rooms , Manchester . Solicitors , Messrs . Slater and Heelis , Manchester ; and MeajrS . Milne , Parry , Milne , and Morris , Harconrt-buiidiogs , Temple . Alexander Wynne Pollock , Liverpool , commission merchant , Jan . 1 , 28 , at two . at the Clarendon Rooms , Liverpool . Solicitor , Messrs . Sharpe , Field , and Jackson , Bedford-row ; and Messrs . Harvey and Filcon , Liverpool .

      PAETNEESIIIPS DISSOLVED . 6 . P . . -Jennings and A . L . Saul , Mancheater , letterpress printers—H . lord and J . Nicholson , lee-head , Yorkshire , painters—J . Bstteraby and H . A . Duckworth , Liverpool—D . BroadhuMt , J . Broadhurst , and H . B . Broadhurst , Manchester , merchants ; as far as regard J . Broatlhurst— Q , H . Matteraon and F . B . Coor « r , York , linen-drapers—T . 8 . Eddowes , J . Betteltyahd F . J . Bury , Liverpool , chain-cable-manufacturer—R . Scotson and J . Miller , Wheelton , Lancaster , steers—J . S . Reid and J . R . Crisp , Liverpool , commission-merchants —H . Waterhouse , J . Thompson , and W . Boultofc Manchester , cotton-apinners .

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      Fashions for the Month . —Coats are very much wora , particularly at the elbows , and are trimmtd with a earning subttiD . ee , which girea them a terj glossy appearance . . A rim of white rans down the Beams * and the covering « f the baltoos is sli « ht ) j oplcned , so as frsfaow the woodea buferial trader it < Hals are now slightly indented rt thef top , and we hare teen wreral in whioh pttt of the brim is sloped off without any particular regard to- the quantity abstracted , Walking-dreasee are very muoti dottsd just now with browp spots of a mud colour , thrown on quito irregularly , and the heelaof the stockings may sometimes be seen trimmed with the same material . A soit of basket-work is now a 15 " ** deal seen as a head-dress , and in these cases it a ( trewied over with little silver fish , something like , * -common sprat , whioh gives it a light and graceful character . — . / PttncA .

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      but 1 think the children would be more liable to be acted upon by atmospheric changes , as well as less able to bear tbe disease , and on that account I suppose the state of th « atmosphere in these rooms may have had some operation in the child ' s death . I think several circumstances have lakly contributed to render those roams unhealthj ; the crowded state of the house ; the state of the weather , confining the people to tbe rooms , and tending to keep the windows and other means of ventilation closed . I am decidedly of opinion that ihese causes ha re had an effect , as I am enabled to «« from my professional friends , there has not been anything like the Bams proportion of cases , similar to these , amoEgst children at the breast ' in privste practice . It has always been my opinion that I have found the rooms in too crowded a state . I aina ^ arethe number in the house has been considerably reduced , and 1 certainly consider the room less unhealthy .

      Absalom Barnet , master pf the Nottingham Union poor-house , said , I have just measured the single woman ' s day-room ; it is eighteen feet long , by sixteen feet wide , and about Ua feet high ; the sleeping room is sixteen feet long , by sixteen feet wide , and about ten feet higb . , . ' Verdict— " Died in tbe said Union poor-house , from inflammation of the chest ; and that the said Robert Porter appears to have been rendered more susceptible of disease , and less able to bear the application of active remedies , when under disease , from having lived in certain rooms in the said Union poor-house not adapted to the reception of the number of persons required to live and sleep therein ; and this Inquest stroagly recommend immediate steps t j be taken , to prevent a recurrence of death from the causes which have accelerated the death of the saLl Robeit Poitsr . "

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      INQUEST AT NOTTINGHAM W 0 KE . H 0 USE . In consequence of several children having died in a afc'jrt space « f time in the Union Workhouse , and information being conveyed to the Coroner , Mr . M . Browne , tfca- there were reasons for believing their deaths had bf ern caused or accelerated by the crowded state of the rooms , that gentleman summoned a jury on Monday afternoon , to hoia an'iflqueat on the body of one , a child named Porter . Some difficulty was occasioned ob the jury entering the dea-l-house , in consequence of the bodies of three -ehHdren being there , and it not being knswa which wa < the Tigbt one . On their return to the Board room , the following evidence wn » beard : —

      Bl ' -rtbeth Porter , an inmate of tie poor bouse , single-¦ wo nan , " said , 1 have lived in the workhouse going for eight months , and I am the mother of Robert Porter , the deceased . He was six months old last Saturday , and had pretty good health . Last Wednesday bnt one be reg&n to be ilL He had a very bad cough and a Staffing at his cbett I applied to Mr . Stanger , the doe * or , on tbe day the child waa taken ill . The child was under Mr . 8 tanger * s eare until la-t Monday night , wh ^ n he died at ten o ' clock . I perceived tbe child to be ill first in the night time . I was sleeping in the top sariewomaa's room in a little hospital bed . Thai ia a narrow bed . No one alept in the same bed but I and my hafcy . There were more beds in the room , seven big ones , and two little ones . In the big beds four

      persons slept in each , and ia the little ones two . When i I aar four persons in a bed , I mean two -women and j two children . 1 was ordered into Uie children ' s sick i hospital , and remained there from the day the child was laken ill until it died . I had slept in the top I ainglewoman ' s room ever since I came ent of the lyingin room unta the child was taken , ill I had been in She bottoaa room in tbe day time ; that ia at the bottom of tbe steps leading up to tbe bedroom . Ther « have been 107 and Zp 8 women and children in that room at once . I thifik there were 100 persons in that room the I morning my child waa taken ill That was the room in j which 1 generally passed my time vrben not at -work . ; That wm the only room 1 had a right to be in during j the nay time . When I was at ¦ work a woman nursed j

      the child in the room until it vras taken ilL I have no eompiaint to make of the medical attendant I have been allowed to be with the child constantly since it was t ikt-n IU . The numbers have varied very coriHiderably in the bottom room , sometimes twioe as many as at ither times . I can give no idea at all as to the average numbers in the room . We were generally pretty thick in the room . Semetimes many of us had not room to mi dewn . That was sot a very common thing . The room "was cleaned every morning , and kept sweet and clean . The ¦ windows are alwsys open , and the air I think was pretty good in the room . The child has sever been absent from me a minute since it was b 3 rn except when I waa at work . The child had had a ban cough and hoarseness about a month .

      ( xrorpe Eaton Stanger , of Nottingham , raid , I am one of tbe snrteons attending the Nottingham Union . I atterja np »« n the children ' s hosvital is the Union Poor House , Robert Porter was under my c ; re . The earliest dale I find of his being nnder my caxe is Friday , the 25 th of November . I btlieve firm the entry I matfe in the book that he was labonring under some affection of the chest I ordered him to have an emetic , and to be removed into a separate apartment with a fire in it Thsre were several children attacked at the Bame tbne . I am ntt sure that be was removed on the Friday . I believe that he was on the Sunday . He has been under my care ever since . He has been labouring under inflammation of the Iuezs , and I believe from that he bas died . I occasionally go into the singlevomcn ' s day

      room . I believe uis children ( infects of slcglewomen ) are kept there . That room has been a goed deal erowded of late . The per * ons in that tooji open the windows to counteract tbe effects of the confined air , and the drafts from those ¦ windows I think very likely to originate inflammatory affections . I should not say that the air ia that room ia particularly bad . I believe it is habitable . I have been in the singlewomen ' s Bleeping rooms . If as many as thirty women and cbildren were sleeping in that room , I conceive it wcuid not be in a healthful state . I do not recollect ever beinjr in that room dnrinjr the night . A child nrght be labouring nnder an inflammatory action of the bronchial tubes for some time without any particular notice being taken of it by the parent Supposing a

      child to be labouring under such ixfiimmatery action , and livinf in the low room during the . day ana the single women's room dnring the night , I flint it ¦ would make it worse . I may atit > , that 1 think is this case , as well m others I had at the time , the weather hai a great deal to do with producing dise&a * . Dr . Davidson , the honorary physinacfor the week , saw the child on Sunday week . Ttt hospital to which the child waa removed ia a very fit place for the receotion of a limited somber of sick persons . It was inside as comfortable as eireuroatacee * would allow . We had reore in it than "we ought to have had . We had several persons ttaere during the day who slept in tbe other rooms during tbe night . Supposing the child had been labouring under low isfl immnUTy action of the lungs for a

      xnenth before I sa'w it , I believe the irflnnmation would have been increased by tbe vitiated air of the lower room during the day , and the Bleeping room during the night I conceive the vitiated- air of the roams , and the state of the -weather , were both concerned in producing disease in the child . I do not know that it had been exposed to tbe atmosphere . I ksow that the child has been in the lower and upper rooms , and the state of the atmosphere would affect tho n . tr ia those roouis . Dariag toe unfavourable state of tbe weather for several weeks put , I think a month , X cam most confitiei t : y state my opinion , that the upper room , the singleirotnan ' s sleeping room , and the lower or day room , were not fit for the number of persona who were in them . I was not in Nottingham a month

      % ga . 1 returned on the 22 nd of . November . I know the rooms welL I do not know the dimsnsions of the rooms . For the last ireek or ten daya 1 consider they have been in a verj unhealthy state . I have mentioned to the Board of Guardians that the house was not in a healthy state before the child died . That -was more particularly as to the children ^ apaitments , where Una child was not There has been a very considerable diminution in the nnmbers since then , which is about ten days ago , and a great improvement in the healthy state of tbe house . The lower room I have spoken of ia appropriated to single women who have children , and I believe a great portion of tbera ^ go out of that room to werk in different pai ts of tbe house . I consider that tbe latter part of the year , since the number of inmates has

      been increased , the house h _ is been unhealthy ; but considering the number of persons in the tons © in tbe earlier part of the year , I consider the houso was very healthy . I consider the house was in a very healthy state for a gnat many months ; I considered it very healthy . Diseases of the chest are very prevalent at this time of * hp year . It is not uncommon for children o die of the same disease who are not in the house . I think that twenty-five persons might be in the lower room and healthy ; it would depend on circamstances . If it -were well washed ar . d clean , as it is , it would be heaithy , I think- I certainly should hesitate to give an opinion , that the -state of the air in the house

      prodnced the disease or death of the child . I think the opening the windows of the room would make the air in it more pure . I do not know that any death has been tbe reouit of the state of tbe house . I think tbe necessity for opening tbe windowa in this wtather is a proof rhat the air in the room -was not good . It ia lather remarkable , that I have had , I think , eighteen cases of disease similar to what this child has died from , in the house , ¦ whilst in the district to which I attend out of the house , during the same time , I have not had mere than two or three . I cannot account foj it any other way than that the state of the house mus ! have a rood deal to do with it

      John Mitchell Dividson , M . D , Nottingham , said , 1 am Ota of tbe honorary physicians to tLe No 5 tingham ; Poor Law Union . Last Snnday -week , I taw several ¦ children in the children ' s hoapitai ; it is a room lately . ¦ appropriated for that purpose . I must . say , that I ' never , in the coarse of my professional life , saw a more ; distressing sight—so many infants tunder twelve months ; old ; sick , congregated together . I found the room ! close and offensive . I cannot gay the present number ' , of children in the room . I think I Lave never attended i an institution where there were so many children as in ' this house . I think dtcidedly that ten mothers and ' children in that room t > a many ; all the children to ' whom my attention "was directed -were labouring under : inflimmatory action of the cheat , especially of tbe bron- ;

      chial mucus membranes , accompanied in every case with greaj general prostration of strength , so as to preclude at that time the use of active remedies . 1 consulted ' -with Mr . St&nger as to the treatment advisable under the circumstances . I expressed an opinion ^ hat the disease which I saw was increased by the iire&nstances under which the children bad been pi | cedireftiering it more intractable . Children living in * p impure atmosphere , bear disease worse , and beir remedies worse . I then told Mr . Stangcr , that I considered the medical treatment admissible in their state was of a very limited extent , that a purer atmosphere was the best medicine for them . I have Been some of the children since . I know the single women's day room ; I have frequently bees in it I thinte I never was in it without finding

      too maay persona there ; it was so to-day , when a number of women were out , and at the workhouse . I know the single women ' s sleeping room . I have been in it repeatedly . I think fifteen women and fifteen children too many to sleep in th&t room , for it to be in a healthy state . I never have known that room when there have been so few sleeping in it aa to reader it safe . I bare been a honorary medical officer , about a year and sin * months . I have frequently been in th ? rooms of the booae—1 mean tbe two tooaa , the single women ' s day and Bleeping rooms . Latterly , I bare not considered th « n healthy ; sometimes I have considered them remarkably healthy , considering the circumstances

      If a child of six months old or under , were to spend its ti" »* during the day in the single women's day-room , and sleeping at night in tbe single women's sleepingroom , I do aot consider it likely that it would be in a healthy rtate . I consider it owing , in a great measara , * ° th * peat care and cleanliness , that they have been so bMM ^ ggtey bare . A child living in those rooms *>| HBg | HjB » d more susceptible of disease from ex-IttfiBBH ^ HBadea changes of temperature , because * f 3 M |^^ BBi would be impaired . Fr # m what I Mv ^ BsHft on Sunday week , I waa not at all ¦ ii HiiisMniMsgBklhe deaths of those who have died ; they VsBpjBBM&aapiag for Breath . I do not aay ^" TPi ' sfflBBPf lini oomB produced the disease ,

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      ¦ * — ¦ . . —i - " ^ - " ^ PROSECUTION FOR " SEDITION" IN IRELAND . In the Leinster Empress , ( a Tory journal , ) publish * on Saturday , there is a report of an application , maS on the previous Monday to the magistrates at the P « aj Sessions of Mountraelick , Queen ' s County , to receive bw formation for sedition against Mr . William Connor » respectable landholder , who resides at Inch , in 4 * neighbourhood of StradbaUyv , 7 J Mr . Browne , from the office of the Crown Solicitor of the Home Circuit , attended by d | re « tion of the Attor * ney-General to prosecute the case . * The ftrst wrfcneat examined was George Stewait Hjll , Sub-Uispector of Police ; .. wao read bis own information— ,:

      V Recollects Sunday , the 14 th NoremTHt kut Aftsj Divine service on that day , saw about one DTtadred per . sons assembled in the Market-square of Mwmtmelick and saw William Connor addressing them is a i Violent arid exciting tone of language , Heard Connor say that thoMembers of Parliament were a l * zy , scurvy ^ set ol rascals , useless servants , and forgot themaelYes like other rascala ; that tyrant landlorda would be murdered . and that it was not be . wondred at , for it was 1 nothlai but the reward of tyranny , and the fault lay noWhcrt but at their own doors . And Connor further added—I

      tell Sir Robert Peel and the Government that there never will be peace in Ireland till these grievances an remedied . Connor was frequently cheered bythepeopleand witness has no doubt that anch language , addressed to persons in the tank of life of those assembled , woalfl be calculated to hold up landlords to hatred , and produce public discontent and . hostility to the laws of tne country . " Mr . Hill further stated , that he had been handed two printed papers by Sub-Constable Donally with the name of William Connor attached to on © of tbem ; and that the paper contained the folio wing passages : — ¦ ' ¦ ' ; ' - " '

      "That every man having the possession of any portion of the soil as a tenant-aVwili ; or on a lease , aball haw a fair valuation of his" land by a jury of 8 worn men . " " That neither tithe , rent-charge , county-cess poor-rat « , nor any other acreablp assessment , shall be charged to the tenant , in addition to the valued rent . " Mr . Hill said he believed that such words were cal culated to create discontent and disaffection among her Majesty ' s subjects . . Mr . Samuel Sheane , a Magistrate , and Policeman gave evidence of a similar kind . Mr . Connor said that ha urged the people not to violate the laws ; though he could " predict" murder from the present state of the

      laws"Myaddre 8 s on that and thirty or forty other occasions was net of a political tendency—it related to political economy : therefore , I thins : the whole matter harmless , and not a crime against the laws of the country . If I am allowed to examine witnesses , I shall satisfy the Magistrates of my innocence : my arguments are against the rack-rent system of the country , founded on the law of the land ; and I told the people in my address , that nothing could justify them to raise their hands against their landlords or the laws of the country . I am a landlord myself . " Mr . Connor afterwards added , that his object was to show the people the way to redress their grievances by their undoubted right to petition . Many speeches much stronger than his bad been delivered in Parliament . .

      Captain Tibaudo , one of the Magistrates on the bench , said that he considered such language calculated to inflame' an excitable mob ; and Mr . Connor was held to bail to answer the charge at the next Assizes .

      Untitled Article

      g THE NORTHERN STAR .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 24, 1841, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct579/page/6/