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Northern Star (1837-1852), 7th August 1841, Edition 3 of 3, Page unpag, TO THE LANDLORDS OF IRELAND.

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      LETTEB T . Hy Lords and Gentlemen , I never , "with one single exception , felt to self-satisfied with any poor service jiit I bare been able to render to the labouring classes , * I do "with the success of my letters to yon u&raa they have gone . I > o not mirtike me , however , and mppoae th&t I mean thereby thai their contents hi * t » d any , the slightest effect npon yon : no such thing ;

      I never expected such & result . My satisfaction flows from the countless asraraacM "which I daily reeelTe { com my clients , and not a few middle class converts , ooe and all testifying high approval of my letter * . But beyond such positive proof , I hire the still greater jKgjtSre assurance of the strength of ay position * , the irreast&ble&ess of my arguments , the necessity of the Rjcption of my plan , and the practicability of its iroriniCTj ia the aSe&ce et tf » prtss .

      At the outset I esmred ytst thai if I wrote one hun-j died letters , yet -would not oae stogie newspapw In the ' fcingdem copy into iti column * a sentence froto one of ¦ them- I tord jm that Uie raaon waa , becstse is not one would tiiey find ft line t » serre the polRScal purpose ! U political faction ; and feat they reqtfre not , nay , wish net , ter knowledge upon matters ¦ aSecting only < th « condcrt of those fer whose right * « ione all profess ; to contatd ; as far as I " know , not a piper has noticed a ; ^ DgteHne . I shall * urt tell you tfca one exception to TbK * I allude atere , and shaH then proceed witfe . inj- rubject

      5 -allude to thefeolding of a " ssered month" wit wts « Bed , when frtto the 12 th of iugust till the 12 tti of September , 1 SS 3 , the working people of this eiEpire irete iavit « d ty a set of meafcants to fast aad pr * y > -md be shot * t , to carry a point for the said merchants . In that I wrthe s&eda of i revolution , for whi& the « OBspiraton were well prepared , hut for wtt& tha pecpla were not at aQ prepared ; and I thank € ed that » s the xist of popularly , and of even life itself , I

      step ped in a&d stopped chat , in my caaacfeaw , upon jature rSSectioa , I beifeve to bare beea a-fisep consp iracy hatched hy a set of as great conxds as erer Bred , to experimentafes upon the excttabEty of a nation , of bra-re and -oppressed p&opie , weudemned for a manth , without stores , provision , or assfixnition , to gnsiajt an unequal ecti £ ict against an organised military forcetnd a well-supylied and thorou ^ iy-srmed community , united wittsffat distinction of -sett , creed , or politi . es , bo long as tfea campaign lasted .

      fes , in ? Xords axa > Gentlemen , it i « »©«• two o"doct xo tbe moraine , »» £ » Destructive u ! " « & , 1 lay down ny pen , an * witt uplifted hands , ttturn gratefcl thtufa to Almighty God that I was nade the huK .-ifc instrument t * stop the effusion -of human blo » d , ted the great " creeping , and waiSug , and gnasbiag oT teeth" which rtxzst iurre folio-wed ~ k hellish a ccntf iracy , ha 4 tlrc- « periment been tifcd . Jly Lords anfi * -Gentlemen , I now -proceed with-my yibjtci , bat E 0 t * c 3 promised in my tet latter , wher 9 in 1 said that thk -cne should be deToted to a coaeidenaon of a Rtpeal of the Legislate Union between ¦ ereat Britain * Ed Ireland . I fear , firetij , that such , cours ; would pre ^ idtce / you against any ^ crtion of my letters . -which might t

      therwise receiTe a '^ feTcurable considecition &t your hands . Secondly , that = fcasmuch as you wfeh to remain -wholly ^ son st o ! tie- - -nlject , it wonld te thro-wing " ¦ pearls "before srine . " "And , thirdly , becaase I have tot yet by any meaari' - ^ xt osed the full « 3 K > unt of icjustice ¦ whi eh your ? ftllies < to call y < mr sias by the mildest eseie ; , entail upon yacrselTes aod the nation at tezje . ily course , therefore , shall be to conelcde-1 57 letters to yom > ' m another-acmher , and then addsesc a series of six letters to nay friend and countryman , Mr . O'Malley , upon fee-subject-of-Repeal ; after ¦ which ; l ^ tiall wind up wkh one letter to the industrious of all classes , pointing « at what-in > my mind will ensure , and speedDy , the a&vptacn ot-vzj social ¦ plan , and Kfce-s 4 se the political Means of dHscring its full scope and-permanent establisfcinest .

      ily Lords sod Gentlemen , ner « lese- aight of the -principal objecMrhlch I hareinTiew . TksX object is -to redace to pntctiee the great aad -mighty ¦ principle * which » H profeaE to contend for ; -aaaiely , ' Wifilirr ite ~* i 7 piiit im vfih $ ^ o > riiTig casssi . Be the dispxtants landlords , xnaaafaciurers , xner-< Js » cts , bsders , or fihopkeepert , sishbBsiaas , freetraders , politieaVeconomists , monofolists , or tnti-mone-% slits , all are agreed upon thai pfaHaathropio-tesuK . .-S&eh , thaiL : b * iug the cas « , I here a right , as

      ac-« sdited sdTocafes of a majority of ibe ^ rholev people of Shis great- natian , to insist either Usct my p « sUions and vgosesU sbalH > e boldly met and refated , o& candidly swrtudered to tad acted upon . It -mlh not-do to pass H » kr in silence . I assure yon thai tbe -whiriwind Of tfee Mtrzixj Ch * x : ide office , create *> hy the ctatrarious blata of " -Diogenes , " "A Bagmen , " "A-hoiking Kac , " axd " AgRcala , " and sueh pifmy conirorvertial . isU , or ¦ be ! lo-sr » 4 > lowers , will bat tkrow tne ^ cst , as ail ^ biri-srisds dc , in the eyes of tfa 3 iKHcediste passeoges . I nsTer- Kai such stuff since -I was bora .

      S * xiseh for -the corps dramati < fs . 8 of oaa - of the ( test .-Et&ge-masagcrs ; while he ef the rival . House attts ^ ts to fsirse your estates s ^ aiast . tte -ri ^ iDg " Pis ^ e" b 7 " Sr ^ irdoTi sonaiaiTV" « f aEOSJon ^ y Of wnifi «^ ity or ninetf particJpatorB in aitue . -Sooi is the Tticiope cf tie Times . Wbik the riTil ^ factions would that wblmsadly use jos . for thiar respectire porposec , I . contend for priia § i 6 s -wliich . will make you iaskpendeai of both .

      We * n -tsare to tetter the condition of * he peo ^ -fe at least ¦»« ^ -rofess it- ? Tery well : I defy 50 a by an ? bus- social -ar political process , to effect tkat object , wiioni fsta ^ i ^ jing in the outset , some stao £ ard Talce for hue ' s free iibo-ar . S " ou cannot do it witbaat that ; it ii rEpsssfce ; £ cc < ca& you , in a mercasiiie conntry , - wLere ficuUv-us xiorey and artificial Jtlour is brought into ettsipetitiaa -wi ; h real money and man ml liboni , accompH ^ i it otherwise , than by throwing the abourer upon ULa " osrn resources ? " by T-hich -2 mean giTing Ma an opportunity of applying his labour * mi capital to the greatest . advantage , and for his esro ^ fcsuttt Aud initaiacii a £ the land opens the ocly &id fei the exercise of ibste resources , you caasat

      ftcstmplish your processed - « lject otherwise than bj lftsaing msn upon tie sell , allotting to eaeh a sv& & £ ay for the expenditare ot iis labour , which is his ** £ ' •];} Tutu this is done , the inventi-re mind of man »^ -fad one portion of aoeietf iiying as legalised frec tofftert apon another portion , ac » rdixig to the Imme . date isaeDdaaey cf political partitE ; GoTernmenteniay beeoiufi £ band of lieenst-d * maggl * ra , or a pre-rentiFe srrke , ^ secrding to expedi £ ncy , ssd by the dint of brete f&K £ , may either force their contraband good * fktrt , asd jarerent tie importation d centraband pro . fiuce of otiiDr nations from coming iutre ; bat beliere ffls , that the . crew , although secure for a while , will , ere long , be fi ^ posed to all the dangen -if so precarious aealline .

      ily Lsrds acd Gentlemen , I will show you that yon enn&t deal with , check , or mould , the azcufacturing interests of this ceentry to national purpoaes , other . ise ihin thio-ogii tie agency of a free laboor market . isk&ished by ih . 8 n *?**! farm system . I defy you to d » l with it by law . You cannot do it . ' Let os try . ^ fpose yea ssy tax steam-power ; I answer . , yoa are tOOllte . Yor HlTE MADE B . X 5 I 5 TA 5 CE W 0 BT 3 > MtCtUTios . But arnppo « yon eonld eSWct it , wb » t tt « a : You would bat navs abarpened both edges of BwiTardfor the destruction cf labour . First ! j , the maasfactirer haying worked the very flesh from the bonei , would see through the transparent akin of his * i » Tc , befois he would allow himself , with his class

      poTer , to ba mulct to the amount cf a penny in the pound , as Lis share of the impost . Tfay he "wonld ¦ Baifi profit of the tax while he complained of its ! injustice : Secondly , you would leave all those grle- ; Tsoces to which yooi monopolies expose the labourer , ; ttredresed . " deduce the hours 0 ! work . " To that I answer you , I = B 5 t first practice the operatiTe as the Frenchman did I bi » bwse , te iiTe neon less acd ltss till at length -like }

      we Preattmac ' s horse , who unfortunately died jusrt as j Us ffiaEfer hoped he had eucc ^ & 4 in the experiment ) j Job briar John Bail to lire on nothing ; as be t * BB&d , H : e master ' s motto is " noUting / or noCning . " His j 1 * &i will be the last pbnk in the Tessel ; and at pre- ! ? && ttie operati-re cannot procure more than enough j liv's leurteen and r ' xteen hcurs of hard and incessant j litM * . * to insure 5 . mean and scanty subsistence withomt ; "Ofi Hn ^ . e enjoyment to Eiake " his chief pride U > con- ) *^ is ii . t ^ odesi comfort } of his condition . " This much .

      • Ppiia to th . * - limitation of machinery : let us uv s ° cS 2 er the Uti- cian scheme for its extension . i " Free trade , " ta / s the political ecc-nomist . In what ?' "In produce . " QJ-rk . " Wby Vf « Uonand wooL ° In j

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      ¦ what state ? " Maaufactored of tottrse . " How pray * " By labom , of course . " "What labotor pray ? "Why artificial labour , of coarse . " W « U bat tkat labour is too tree already , and the freedom Is in the wrong hands . The Tery thing of which I complain is , th&t the . profit on artificial labour is made free of all the markets of the world , while the owner of natural l&bosr ii restricted by I&ws , by custom , usages , and contKtions , from taking any part whaterer Is the great qjWBtion of labour , beyond the slaT ^ part xlt working foe a mere subsistence ; without ene pleastte for the preeent , or a pleasing « bticipation for tire future , beyond ¦ what the delights -dt % tyrant-system mxy afibrd him , iu old age , a time wfeen hia labour sboald baye insured fur him a hapjrj fire-side and oate repose , withomt : the fear of the wolfs approach , the rich man ' s ven gexnee , or the ^ aw ' s oppression .

      * ' Free tr 2 ae . " In what pray f m corn ? ! Nonsensa 1 To whom is tbe freedom to be -extended ? To * joint stock eompssiy and starre be ^ ara , who may , try their political power , apply any bocus-pocus slidingveale for the regul * fton of the price > of food with equal success , and perhaps unequal pressure , as a goTeKiment of ma ^ icjaos representing ttsa said jaint-sioek company regulate ^ tioae matters ¦< : present ? Whitguaraatee haTe fcbs people that thefe position would « ot be made more dependent by thi * -double freedom * f their taskmaster ? and wherei * hare they the -people , erer

      witinn ^ the memory of tan , derived one --single benefit fniK'ni measure projSited , or EappoitSS by their un-1 nafcars . 1 enemies ? Wfeat guarantee hafre they that all : tb 9 'hardens now pressing so heavilr and unequally ' uptm labour , and won labour alone , would not act . wi&- « double pressure when the sansc amount was tc I belaid annually out of the proceeds -of labour reduced ! * 3 »< x : atiuental compttiVre prices ? -while eTery salaried ; perron , and personSTriti fixed incoBMfl , would be place 3 ! in - -Sie happy situation of being sbte to purchase jest : tnrsse as much of the produce of labeor as they now < au * r « r ihe same salazisa and incomes '

      ¦ '" "Well , but trade would increase . * So it would , end ' . prodigiously , for a while , until , ty a correspomiing I iflare&se of machlaery , the niaxteit could place- ttem--seferes ic & eornfi ' . ion to do the tiling in the cheapest j-wgy ; and , in thrsueantime , jnst « bs word abont SOCyJOO of the most -raicable portion of society , and their funirKte—the hand ^ oom weaTers , Hxa natural strugglers i ag « inst artificial labour . Whit k to become of them ? - ¦' - *<} , go to thccill , to be sure ! " Why , I te \\ you * that > 50 a haTe now Tnore goods than-q-on know what io do -with , without-cuch an accession ; and if your stteme : -sccceeded , yoff would drug the ^ world with yosr pro-- ;« fcee , and drng England aud Ifeland with corn , "Bhile > the land at b « E 3 -would btunctltivated , while tb « thing 'Wis finding its ltYel , and the-people starring in the < . a-dst of plenty .

      If youproetece to the extentto which you desire , and . ; -i ( you take oon in return—ifot , " HJind , that ' s the < r . iiimi : — firstly , will the foreigner giva you com for more of 1 j ycur produce than he requires * and will you gwa the xcrn because your steam laboar brings it in abundantly , ; for nothing 60 those whom it-displaces ? Now , that -is my position . If machinery -As to be man ' s holiday , : as it ought to t > e , allow the Trades' L ' nions—the yjpi' iiLisls , to nuke what they can , And the more the better , proTided thsriesh and bone idlers on compca : ory : strike arettell maintained iyihe mules and spinning ¦ . iecnies * l

      taert-My LordtsMd Gentlemen , it has been often BSiC that 1 the agricultural and manufactoring interests Should go I head in band . So they should . But who prevents : them ? and-who severed those hands which should be j ueited ? and which while ereac man ' s TaJuo wac im-, prcued upon-each man ' s own htndywork , irera aoited , > ttes making England the -enry and admirttion of surroundiag nations ! 'What was England , thea . ' A great national famifj , the seTeral braaches : eoaKivti&g \> i agricultural waaTers and wearing ag » cnliuralist 3 ; of produeers tad consumers regulating ' des ^ and and supply , and IiTiDg united in heart And i

      h&ad . in smell agricultural ctannunities ; coznpoclDg j theBaselTes the cMl power of the country , as having ' tbeEselTes the greatest interest in the peace of the ' 1 country ; disSMPilenancin < j crii » e-4 wd vice lest it stuull furnish an ZJuraJsle io ihe risioc . generation ; mating , setUfement a necfctsajy qualifieitioci for a demand npea \ ¦ the pcor . nian . ' £ . 8 aTing bank , which you hare conT « rtied i into a-blood-mcney . starve-beggat . radace-labour . degraiie- ] the-paor-faad . Yoa found the h&aos thos united—y « a : ' found ^ Euglaiiii by such a union * . nation . You hare serTedtheiwin fcrothers , and would now reduce your ; country to Uie -humiliating conditust of being a beggar at the dcorof foreigners . '

      The Lwrcf pruaogeniture is the -c'dest son of clase I legislatioc rpoa . corruption by idkcfcss ; and unre- J arrkted act £ ciali > ower is the yonngar son of the same j parents ; sad tfls xfcry same diacord * 7 hicb the law of j primogemifciie lias -caused in families , has class legisla- j tion caused betwe « c the agricultural and manufacturing i interests , wiich si » t . « Jd be as twin b $# thers , nay , as Siamese , literally dependent the one upaa the other fur

      . My Lords tad Gentiemen , —It is eno ^ ih to make a , ; ess excitable person Hid to think upon . the state to which you ha . "se brought the fiuejt peasantry of which jiistory makes mention , —the English , tie Irish , the : Scotch , and the W-fclsh people ; and , ifl truth , I must j fcjew off my wiatti lc c . tarn or two in my atone coffin [ befere I am fit to resume my subject dispassionately .

      B « fcre I start again , -I .-thank God , that if iny real 1 oSiace did not entitle me to the honour cf . a felon ' s j dsngson , my exposure < £ your oppression . And my 1 resolarion to conqner it -ox die , justly entitlGB He to I your hatred , if not to your , disrespect . ;

      ily ^ ords and Gentlemta , —I now return to juy j ^ e jdes j ,- ^ mysterious scisnee of politie « a

      eiicnt ' Aease ; and having so far disposed of some aitiie j abases . of both parties , I shall proceed to comment j np « a a fciiacy or two of good iiearted theoriaU , who \ wonid . cossect the whole of the evils of both systems fey i reclaiming , csx waste lands and just observe how plainly ' . I deal with . this subject , and also mttk bow difficult it is . ' to deal with j > € rverse and obstinate men , who , while \ the ? profess . U > agree npon an ohjast , render its at- ¦ Uinment imjaaieticable by the whisasicallity of their 1 rnwnn for jta aceompliahment . I entirely agree as to the proprifety , t ^ ie prudence , and tiia necessity of

      bringiBg all waste lands into cultiritwa , ereij inch of them ; it is the lean beaat , and man ' s labour alone can make it fat . $ « £ then , waste land is tot the field ¦ whe rein the labourer on ac quire the full amount of bis labour ; it if cot tb * market for establiahiog a just standard . Labour expend * d upon waste land as ta labour expended upon improved la » d , is jnst what the labour of a hand-loom -wea-ver is as compared with artificial labour . Is the one case the zsaa is hired according to the market price set upon his labour by the capitalist ; And in the other he works for himself ; and his industry a&tablishts the standard of his and of other labourer ' s

      rams . Capitalists alone can reclaim land by hired labour , and that labour will be hired at as low a price as possible , if its Talae is not « omefcow established in a free and open market . The poor man , with only his health , his strength , and his industry , could not reclaim a cold swamp that required txpersiTe draining ; a mountainous heath that required fencing and heavy manuring ; or scrub and stiff * oil that required much labour and manuie in the commencement That is the field wherein the capitalist can insure a good interest for money laid out in reclaiming ; but it is not one in which the poor man could find any market for his labour without a money . capital ; of which money capital and the means of judiciously supplying it , more hereafter .

      I unhesitatingly assert , as I before stated in a letter which I tddreEsed to the anti-Repeal landlords of Ireland in 1 SS 2 , that rent , ( I care not what the amount if at all in Tvasonj while labour is free . , is but an item , and an icconsiderabje one , in the labourer ' s account I therein showed thatlar , < lgoestferoBgb £ evenilprocesses before yielding any crop ; and that eadi and every one of those processes involves an exptnee greater in amount Vbaa Uie lent ; » & £ the nt elect of the propel

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      performance of any one of them , would make the lowest rent of the best land high , because the loss of MI ia involved in this single neglect Indeed , by good fortune I have by me a number of that Tery letter , and I shall here insert it , just as it stood . It is as follows : — " Let us see what rent really is . It is , in fact , one of the smallest items in the farmer ' s account . Let as contrast it with any one of the other items . The rent is 153 . an acre . Let us consider the expence of the different crops in their different stages . We will begin with Potatoes ; £ » . d . Seed of an acre of potatoes , 4 loads at 3 d a weigh- 0 12 0 Catting at 8 d a load 0 2 8

      6 14 8 This is oae item . How near the rent ! Take the expence of another stage : — Erpenc * of putting out manure , 120 loads to the acre ( very moderate . ) . Six horses at 20 loads a day , at the rate of 2 s . 6 d . a horse 0 15 0 Expeece of cultivation , one plough 0 5 0 Eigfct men at 8 d . hacking 0 5 6 15 6 Voxb item you see is 10 s . 6 d . more than the rent . Let as take another?— B ^ ht boys at 6 d . sticking ,,.,.. 0 4 0 ' Sixteen men earthing and second eartbfcg ... 010 8

      0 14 8 Within fourpence of the rent ! Let us try again : Digging—30 men at 8 d . ... ,. -. ... 1 0 0 Picking—10 w * men at 3 d . ... * . ... 0 2 « £ 1 2 ' 6 This item is one half more tfesn the rent . And , bear in mind , that every one of the processes above enumerated-and estimated are 'necessary , and that if any one of them be neglexted , the whole will be ( ost , rent and all . So muoh for Potatoes . Now for _ WHEAT , the farmer ' s great crop . Half a bag of seed Wheat at 2 fs 0 V 2 C One horserf lougbing 026

      0 16 0 Just tte amount of the r « it . Try again . Expence ef reaping , 5 mea ^ t la .. 0 5 0 Binding ,-3 i at is 6 2 6 Thrashing , 5 hundred , at Is . iper hundred ... O 5 0 Cleaning , shaking straw , end taking to maiiet „„ 0 2 6 ¦ 0 15 0 The Teat again ! Indeed , the same result will come on ! , in whatever ligbi we view the matter . We w .-ill now consider the small profits from an acre of tend , putting abide , for the momen t the consideration of the larger profits . From these , too , it will be seen that the rent , 15 s . per acre , is but an item .

      The stalks alone of an tore of early potatoes are worth , rbr cattle , nearly « . year ' s rent . ! The ewaw of an acre of wheat , at five ewt . to the acre , a * d at 5 ' . per owt . vrill be worth £ , \ 5 s . — 'tea [ shillings more than the reat . I The «* raw of an acre of oats , say five cwt ., ftt 33 . Gd . iifer cwt ., will be worth 17 s . 6 d . —twonml sixpence more than thcrent . Indeed , the very weeds taken out of a pot&tee , field are-vorth a great part of the rent . "

      i I haveteen a very exteaeive farmer , and &Tre » y-e « :-; tensive employer . My skill in farming h&s been gea-| erally acknowledged ; and Huive no hesitation in-saying ; that I w « ild rather give £ c . 10 s . per acre for ten acres ; of land w « rth only £ 5 , tban < give 15 s . per acre for land i worth a 1 pouad ; provided that the scale of Uie I respeetive ^ ralne ef each wae . justly established by SOUtS j correct stacdard . And why ? Because , aft « payment ! of rent , I ^ ehould have thioe times as mtwb . -for my 1 labour upoc the good groitnd ; aud this again . proved

      the value < f labour over rtg 7 material . Grce a good workman -without capita ] , t « c acres of bad land at'lOsper acre ; - £ . < & will work away at it , and will not do muck more than live , « jid pay his rent , at -first ; but he will certainly , if it iS'Jsis own at a corn rent , by degrees isprove it , and maire it a savings' fcank for his labour deposits . However , when I start at a ten shillings rent , I start from H » 8 Yery lowest at which man can werk , pay his \ c £ . y , aud live without capital .

      My Lords acd Gentlemen , I . have now shown you and , I think , plainly , that the reclaiming sr * dem , while it -B-ouldvcertainly increase-aur producing powec-8 , acd pay the capitalist a good p « r centage , would not , ( however . be the . proper field for ascertaining the real . value of a workicg farmer ' s labocr ; and as that is cay * i > ject , and in ord ? r that a different as to means should ¦ act lead to a split , upon the principle , let ub see if , by a ^ eement npon ptepet details , we . may not even yet 3 gi « e vpon this reclaiming system . In the considerstifac of this subject ,. I open a greai . national question * wi ! worthy the attention of statesman who would yet rtcJakn their couBtrr , and make her what she ought to

      She term " reclaiming , " of course , 3 ppbes to the practise of bringing barren and heretofore uncultivated soil intc cultivation , aud the process requires capital . The . fjueslion is , how the ,-double otj * ct can . be achieved of opening a free market for labour , and reclaiming waste land at the same time ; for 1 am not icr reclaiming any thisg that will not reclaim my clients also . Waste land , if it is to be thus reclaimed * . must be made a nrqper field for the exercise of free Jebour .

      My Load's . sad Gentlemen , it is a sad aad melancholy fae& , th * t the philanthropist cannot flisoUES the Bimple question of digging or jjoughing the ground without fiudiug ijmself hemmed in and harupeied-on

      science at a pzsftzd , knowledge of which no man £ aa arrive , while the tnowledee of to-day may be igaorauce to-morrow ; & science whimsically worked into practice by the most opposing principles— those of Whiggery to-day and cf Toryism to-morrow ; a science which makes the greatest statesman and boldest tyrant in office quail before a single ni | £ t * s mildew , and breai before " th # triad that flhed * the corn , " wk 41 e he refuses to bead to a simple sjetsm which woeid make man independent of all casualties save thoae with which God in wisdom thought proper to visit him ; ^ science which makes mart ! happiness , nay his very life aud the peace of tke country , aod the very existence of

      society bo depend upon the rule of farthings . Ab ! my Lords ami Gentlemen , the wild hypothesis of the metaphysician , at the complicated and unravelable assertions of the theorist , provided they are wrapped up in classlegislation dresses , pass current In the world of letters as wisdom and philosophy ; while the simplest assertion of the philanthropist , it it tend to the elevation of the poor man , is set down as infidelity and heresy . However , as the rays of knowledge begin to shine through my prison bars , and as they are sure to spread their benign influence abroad over the whole face of the earth , I am nothing daunted ; and shall therefore , despite the political-economist , the-farthing-iliding-xale patriot , and the dread-shower statesman , proceed at once to my porpose-wkich is to apply details to your

      principle of reclaiming waste land . Of that land you have ia Great Britain and . Ireland more than fifteen millions of acres capable « f reclamation . It at all events can scarcely be called your own , and is therefore out of the Newcastle principle of doing what you please with it By iU propsr appropriation , you net only do not suffer damage , but , on tie contrary , I propose to do fot you what you cannot do for yourselves . - to make it valuable . I estimate that laud at a rent of Is . id . per acre . I calculate that each acre in the outset , taking the tenant ' s house and stock , and means of subsistence , till the land Is brought to bear , into account , would require somewhere about £ 7 per acre , or a capital of about £ 100 for every fifteen acres . The fifteen million acres allotted in farms of fifteen acres to one million heads of families .

      would thus require a capital of one hundred millijns of pounds sterling to aid the -working communities in their work of reclamation

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      The value of those fifteen millions of acres , at twenty years' purchase , at a rent of Is . 4 iL per acre , would cost Government £ 20 , 000 , 000 . Now what I propose is , that Government shall purchase the lands from yon , say at that rate , and then under proper official management , at the head of which should be a Cabinet Minister , to be called the Minister of Agriculture , lease those lands at Is . 4 d , per acre , in lots of fifteen acres , with a capital of £ 100 advanced to each tenant , subjecting the tenant to a rent of £ 5 per annum for the land , and the interest of £ 100 at four per cent , that is £ 1 for land and £ i for interest

      This sum of £ 120 , 000 , 000 I propose to consolidate into one national fund , which shall stand as a mortgage upon the fifteen millions of acres , and over which the Pariiment alone shall have contreul ; and that it should not be a transferable stock , or a stock allowed to be made the medium of exchange , barter , or traffic in the Jew ' s temple ; but that the Government shall merely fee agent for the fund-heldtr and fund-payerreceiving from the one and paying to the other .

      I proposethataftertheflrstelevenyeare thetenantshall yearly parten pounds In liquidation of his debt ; thereby ttytidating the whole amount at the end of the next tea years , or with the twenty-first year of hia tenancy ; a * ihe dose of which period—twenty-one years—I propose that the tenant shall pay no more than the original ¦ chibf rent , of Is . 4 i . per acre , and all local taxes ; or a pound par annum for his holding for ever and ever , and amen—until some future generation , in its wisdom , shall Bee the State necessity of making the then occupiers—themselves being parties—pay something more as their quota of any national requirement Now , those

      who are in loro with a national debt as a bond of union , have it here ia the flesh and the spirit ; those who so loudly call out for the cultivation of our waste lands have here the -only chance by which their desire , which Ib itufrevement and tfee bettering ot the poor man ' s condition , can be simultaneously effected ; those who " fear 1 &at population presses too hardly upon the means of-sobslstence" have feece the means of obviating thai disaster ; those of the so&ool of political economy have here the practical illustration of one of their daring principles—that " when circumstances close up

      one chancel « f speculation and industry , other « lrcumstances opca another chancel ; " those who would gladly fiud a resting place for the" surplus population , " made suck by 4 he substitution of artificial for natural labour , have here the harbour opecfer them ; those who would « dd t-s our-aow , as they say , " too scanty surfaoe of wheat producing land , " have here an extension offered to them ; while , although I -would much prefer the more improved £ eld for the establishment of a ftee labour standard of value , I hav © " * o objection , provided he gets ihe-means , to allow my client to work out fcis own salvation in the more barren field .

      Here we have a means of immediately providing for seven millions of people ,- and in less than ten years of providing for fifteen millions of people i and at the expiration of twenty-one years , the original farms of fifteen acres each would be capable of being subdivided fur'the families , into farms of five acres each , if necessary . Thus would -our present u-aste lands , New England , Ireland , and Scotland , of themselves , snpport on the spot , twenty-one millions in affluence , comfort , acd splendour , a * the end of twenty-one years and tor ever .

      The law * to effect this purpose need not occupy more than a folio sheet . ; while the difference between Three-and-ft-half ptr Cent , at which Government could easily raise the money , aad four Per -Ce » t . cheerfully paid by the labourer , would more than oorer all the expence&of adding a new and necessary department to the state machinery . But . it is too visionary t ' tie complicated ! because the interest of the poor man is concerned : while if two hundred millions of sounds were

      required for & speculation to build a floating-bridge across the Atlantic , or to make a tunnel from Dover to Calais ; if Ihe subjugation of labour , or tie importation of foreign troops , was the object , every angle in a fascinating drawing by some happy draftsman would be scanned , and all FOOLISH objections overruled by " Bagman , " " J > ioycnes , " " < t Working Max" or "Agricola ; " and " the wind would be raised" in spite of all perils by land and water .

      In the sixth chapter of my took ( for I have got so far .. I treat this . subject mote minutely , and shall , therefore , lor the -present , allow you to chop upon it ; just asking you if you imagine that any tenant of New England , New Ireland , or New Scotland would require the process of the Ballot to make him fly to the cry uf " The Staie , ( of which he composed a part ) is in danger" ?—or even as a cloak to cover hia face while he declared who should be his representative . No , no—Those , like & 11 your arrangements , ace but poor substitutes for the plain aad simple rights which man should psssess ; and the want of which makes national service a badge of slavery , instead of being a work of pleasure .

      My lords and Gentlemen , the fact is this : the people have now had quite enough of the great cricket-match between Whigs and Tories . The Tories had a long innings and left a heavy score before they were run out ; the Wiriga ia turn have been bowled out ; and they have not made % bad innings ; but now , we must try a match of all Britain aud Ireland against the oligarchy . And believe me tho Britons and Irish will catch the

      oligarchy out at-every ball they strike . Will you never learn wisdom ? or do yon not see that the time has COine wheu a great natica must have some better Charter of itd rights , some better security against starvation , some more deSned policy tor its government , than what fickle faction may whimsically eke out of the address of a defeated minister to his supporters , or out of the plausible Epetcb of an expectant minister to his wellfed and welcome guests ?

      We must have some assurance that a night ' s mil ' < jew or a day ' s heavy rain shall not consign us to faaaine ; and we must have some better rule for reguliting our supplies of food than the farthing or fractieaaJ sliding scale of political aconomists . I can find no such rule except in a free labour market ; and therefore for that I contend . My Lards and Gentlemen , hitherto you have played your cards badly . Yon never should have relied upon other wealth than the highest cultivation of your own natural resources and artificial

      advantages . Your iron , your coal , your insular position and green fields , added t « your mechanical advantages over all other nations , and the hardihood and bravery of the people , should constitute your Wealth , your greatness , and your pride . But in order to make slaves of tUe people , you have cheerfully joined in every experiment for their oppression , degradation , and humiliation , until at length you have made them declare in their wrath , that if injustice and this great disparity between man and man , is to be perpetuated , it shall only be so by the right of conquest , and not by the sliding scale of obligarchicai whim .

      My Lords and Gentlemen , no man has a more thorough contempt than I have for the mere professional patriot , who lives upon abuse , while he looks upon dissension with the same interest that a lawyer looks upon a good complicated Chancery suit I have now opaned every door of the temple of corruption in which you have been long pent up , so that no obstacle should be opposed to your advance to meet popular opinion , so long appealing to you in vain . I have dennded the buggaboo Chartism of the party garb

      in which faction has long dressed it I have shewn it to yon in all its Destructive simplicity . I have explained the rtodest results anticipated from its success , and the great national advantages to be derived from its substitution for the present pauperizing , sterilizing , brutaliaing , degrading , peace-destroying , hatred-creating system . I have showa you that the people neither court idleness , or contemplate plunder , but that thuir principle is strictly Malthusian—amounting to a desire to be "thrown upon their own resources ; " aad . thereby to

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      prove that " their chief pnde consists in the modest comforts of their condition . " I am , my Lords and Gentlemen , Your obedient , And very humble servant , F . EAKGLS OCONNOB . Aug . 4 th , 1811 . P . 8 . My Lords and Gentlemen , 1 have this moment laid down the Morning Chronicle of the 3 rd of August , and I cannot avoid the temptation of a postscript , to which the following , among many equally ridiculous passages , extracted from a pamphlet of the Hon . and Kev . Baptist Noel , invites me . Now , pray attend . Ha says : —

      " There is an opinion sometimes expressed by well meaning persons , that we ought to keep up the agricultural population , and prevent the multiplication of great manufacturing towns , -with ; all their disagreeable accompaniments of dirt and smoke and noise . But this opinion is surely thoughtless . The land is already so thoroughly cultivated that while the number of families in Great Britain employed in agriculture in 1821 was 978 , 666 , the number employed in the same manner in 1831 was reduced to 961 , 134 . The land , therefore , cannot employ the additional population-, and to-endeavour to prevent multiplication of . towns and the extension of manufactures , is to endeavour te secure tbat the whole additional population of Great Britain and Ireland should be without employment and without food . "

      In God ' s name , I ask , is it wonderful that we should have 400 , 000—say , 4 , ooo , OUO of Btray aheep from that flick of which the Hun . and Rer . Gentleman is shepherd in common with the fleecing Church ? What , O ! what can equal this manifest , this egregious , this consummate ignorance ? Well for the man he ia a gentleman and no Chartist . ' else would he have written himself down for a fool . But what think you of the leading political Journal of the " ten years' Reform ministry" bestowing much above a

      column of laudatory , comment upon the absurdity ? I shall take the abovo chapter from the lamentations of the Rev . Baptist Noel , as the text for my next letter ; and if the man , who wrote the comment for the ChronUle , ( I hope it was " an old and valued contributor , ) does not hide his face for very shame , why then he is a man of steel indeed . Perhaps the whole thing may be a puff . If so , it has succeeded ; for , upon reading the above , I instantly wrote to my publisher to send me the Rev . Gentleman ' s whole book ) with the intention of exposing its fallacies , heresies , dogmas , and falsehood .

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      GLASGOW . —A meeting was held in the Universal Suffrage Hall , College Open , on the night of Wednesday , July 28 th , of those persons appointed as lecturers at a previous meeting . Mr . Cullen in the chair . He opened the business of the meeting by stating that the object for calling them together was that they might adopt proper rules aad regulations for their guidance during their lectures and the debates which would follow ; also to draw lots for their turn of lecturing . Mr . M'Farlane considered it very probable that two or toiee of the lecturers might choose the same subject , and that it would be necessary to select a number of sn'jects for their adoption . This was opposed by Mr . Gillespie , who moved that every one be left to choose his own subject , and that no other question be allowed but those which embraced the wruues of Britain and

      their cure . This was seconded by Mv . M'Kiy , when it was put from the chair , and carried unanimously . Mr . Rodger then moved that forty minutes be allowed to tbe lecturers in Glasgow and suburbs , those from the country to be left to their own discretion , and , as a matter of coarse , the privilege of reply at the conclusion of the debate . This was seconded by Mr . M'Farlane , aad unanimously adopted . It was also agreed that t * u minutes be the time allowed to each speaker in debate . Mr . Gillespie then remarked , that as their present object was not so much fur the elucidation of important political subjects , as for the fostering and bringing out talent for tbe approaching Chartist campaign , be would move that no speaker be allowed to speak more than ouca on tbe sj . me night ; and tbat if any person moved an adjournment of the debate ,

      said person shall open the question on the next night of debate . This motion produced a discussion , in which Messrs . Colquhoun , Rodger , Ross , Moir , Roy , Hoey , and others , took a part , when Mr . M'FaTlane moved , as a rider to Mr . Gillespie ' a motion , that if any speaker wishes to address the meeting a second time , he shall appeal to the chairman , who shall then take the sense of the meeting whether the person shall be heard or not The motion and rider was then put and carried . It was also agreed that the chair be taken every night of lecture , at a quarter past eight o ' clock , aad the debate to finish by ten , and tLat the first lecture be delivered in St . Ann ' s Church , on Monday night , the 9 th of August The lots were then drawn , which created considerable amusement . Messrs . M'Fadzen , M'Djve , and Calder , were added to the list of lecturers ; as Mr . Currie ' s lot was number one , he

      will lecture on democracy , and its adaptation to the present state of society . Mr . Gillee ^ ie stated that his question would be the People ' s Charter , home colonizition , co-operation , and emigration . Mr . M'Farlane , numbers , money , and talent , to carry on the agitation . Mr . Roy , the best way to promote the interests of teetotalism , is by carrying into law the People ' s Charter . Mr . Hoey , that general teetotalism would carry the Charter . Mr . Capell , the origin cf civil government . Mr . Cullen , the duty of civil governors . Mr . M'Kay , the absolute necessity of speedily gaining the Charter , and tbo best means to be used for that purpose ; tho other lecturers are not yet prepared to S 3 y what their subjects of lecture would be . After some business relating to tbe late election had been discussed , the meeting broke up , after giving a vote of thanks to tho Chairman .

      Meeting of Directors . —A meeting of the directors of the Lanarkshire Universal Suffrage Association was held in the Hall College Open . Mr . Clelland , of Toll-Croas , was unanimously called to the chair , who , after ascending the pulpit , good bnmouredly remarked that bis Glasgow friends did not require advice to conduct themselves in a proper manner , and of course his duties would be very easy ; he would , therefore , call upon their warm-hearted Chartist friend and worthy secretary , Mr . Brown , to lay before them what they were now called upon to decide . ( Cheers . ) Mr . Brown then read the minutes of the above meeting , which was drawn up in his absence , by Mr . Lamont , reporter for the Scottish Patriot ; the varions motions previously adopted by the appointed lecturers , were read over and unanimously adopted with the following

      amendments : —That Mr . Qillespie ' s motion relative to the Wrongs of Britain and their care , shall be considered as having reference to political subjects , as certain portions of the religious world consider the peculiar views on religion aa the only cure , and their rejection the only curta Britain has to complain of . Mr . Brown read a list of new lecturers , which had been voluntary handed in : — namely , Messrs . Gillffiilan , Adams , Giffin , Moir , Todd , Houie , Kttuniburgb , Finkerton , DixOB , Cameron , M'Lardie , Clelland , Chlsholtn , Strathean , Dickaon , Allan , Patterson , ( Whig , ) R . Lang , and J . Lang . It was then agreed that all persons , what 9 ver may be their political creed , sball have the liberty of taking part in the debate . Sometime after , an amendment was added that they might have the power of lecturing , providing they got the sanction of the

      directors . Mr . Pattfeon addressed tbe nieoting . Theremarks of that gentleman should be kept in mind by every true Chartist ; that poor hard-working men , with wives and families , cannot leave their employment , by solicitation , and go to different parts of the conn try ia order to lecture and pay their own expences . I ( says our reporter ) am satisfied that Mr . Pattison has sacrificed upwards of £ 50 since the commencement of the Charter agitation , in the loss of his work , and his other expences , going and coming . Mr . Pattiaon , however , can suffer this loss ; his wages being four times the sum of ordinary workmen ; and it says much for Mr . Pattison , that he has ably taken up the situation of hia poorer-paid fellow workmen , many of whom suffered severely before they retired from a contest in whl < £ i tteir hearts were willing but their purses were weak .

      In the two first years of our agitation , when application was made , out went the intellectual five shillings per week haudloom-weaver , with the no less talented printer , manager , brass-founder , moulder , engineer , with frOLi £ l 10 to £ 2 10 s . per week . These individuals ot course could very well afford to say we arc quite disinterested—we want no remuneration—We will pay all our expences ourselves;—while the poor five shillings a week jack-ass said— " , I am quite disinterested—all that I have said or done is for the love of the cause , " while every working man within reacU of bis voice laughs him to scorn , and wishes they could with propriety take a kick at bis breech ; his wife

      aud family is at borne ; he forgets them ; his soul is in the cause , and bier eensitivd mind will not brook to plead poverty before strangers . These remarks , although coming from myself are the deliberate agitations flowing to the minds of many present , and tbat we will not suffer whole counties to die a political death , while we have a flower of liberty to send as a restorative from the baneful and narcotic drugs of Whig and Toryism . A vote of thanks was given to Mr . Clelland , for his wise and judicious conduct in the chair , when the meeting , as usual for working men , broke up a little before twelve o ' clock , a too late hour for those who have t « riss to their hard and incessant toil at five o ' clock next morning .

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      x ^) ^^ mC ^ ^^ % ^^ h ^ k £ 4 NEWPORI ^ On Mqiraaj night , the Chartists 0 this place held their weekly meeting at the Biack Horse Inn . The room , which ia a small one , was crammed to suffocation . After the transaction of some important businea ? , anei the enrolment of a few new members , the folio mm resolution was carried : —* ¦ ' That tils meeting do now giye Messrs . Edwards and Dickinson an opportunity of coming before a Committee of the * blistered hands / for the purpose of seeing how far they will be able to vindicate ineit characters , and if they decline to do so , they &ball ha disfiardad forever : and . further , we will warn tha

      country against them . " The Committee will meet at Mr . Jonah Wffiiams ' s , Llanarth-stieet , on Tuesday , the 9 th day of August , at eight o ' clock in tb « evening . A vote of thanks was also given to Mr . W . Shdlard , of PontypooJ , for the brotherly mauner he acted towards oar old and tried fnena , Mr . Black , of Nottingham . Mean * . Philp and Chrke were highly censured for acquitting Messrs . Edwards and Dickinson without baying ft fair trial : they had promised to publish their correspondence , and then give us an opportunity of refuting it , out they have acted quite the contrary ; therefore , we cannot place confidence in them in future , unless the ; off er some apology for their coadaet .

      STflOTJD . —The Stroud Charter Association having received a circular from the Executive iu Minchester , its contents were read at their meetir . on Monday eveniug to thoso of the members present , wheu it-was agreed on to call a general meeting 0 ( all the members , on Monday , AuguBt 9 th , to lay its contents before them . It is respectfully requeued that all the members will be present on Mou lay next , as important business will have to be laid before them for their serious consideration connected with the welfare of the Association . The meciiog will commence at seven o olocfc in the evening .

      HUDDERSFIEIJJ . —An overflowing and enthusiastic meeting of the Huddemfield Chartists ^ as held in . their Association Room , ( which was far too small for the numbers who flocked to the place , ) on . Monday evening last , Mr . Gallimore in . the chair . Mr . Julian Harney addressed the meeting for nearly two hours , principally upon tho question of Corn Law Repeal , exposing the fallacies , lies , and hypocrisy of the " Leaguers . " Mr . H . then reviewed th « past career of the Tories , ghowing up in firEt iate

      s ' yle their former dark , despotic , and bloody dt-ds . Mr . H . concluded "with a powerful appeal to his audience , to muster all their force , and bring into action all their energies to put down the stand-b alldo-nothing-aristocra tic-Tory faction , as they ha < l pufc down the miserable , drivelling , yillanou 9 Wh \ ga . Tho worthy lecturer ' s address was responded to most ; heartily . That-old and well tried champion of democracy , Mr . VeverB , moved the thanks ot' the meeting 10 Mr . Harney , and these being awarded the meeting broke up .

      HALIFAX , —Mr . Julian Harney lectured here on Thursday evening , July 29 ; b . The meeting had been announced to take place in the Cattle Market , but the weather being very adverse , there was no alternative but to hold it in the Association Room , which was much too small for the purpose ., great numbers being anable to get admission . Mr . li . iwson was called-to-the ' chair , and introduced Mr . Harney , who for an hour aud three quarters rive 1 ted the attention and charmed the feelings of his auditors , by Mb masterly exhibition of the crimeb of the Whig and Tory factions , and his powerful vindication of the rights of the oppressed people . H 13 address was repeatsdly and warmly applauded . The

      thanks of the meeting having been given to Mr . H . the meeting dissolved . A number of the fair sex graced the meeting with their presence . We 'ire happy wo can add , that they ( the ladies ) are already making active preparation for the reception of our Champion O'Connor . HOliMFI&THL—Monday was a glorious day in Hohn . firth ; it being made known that Mr . C . Coimor would deliver a lecture near tho Shoulder ot Mutron lun , a large' concourse of people assembled to hear the lecture , a cart being placed for hustings . W ' m .

      Cunningham , an opera- ve , being called to the chair , he opened the meeting in a brief aud energetic speech , after which he introduced Mr . Charles Connor , who spoke for upwards of an hour , toucliing upon the Corn . Law , free trade and middle class policy , and proving to a majority of the vast assembly that nothing short ot the People ' s Charter would emancipate the working millions ; after which the worthy lecturer sat down much applauded b y the vast assembly . After a vote of thanks being given to the lecturer , the people quietly dispersed . — Correspondent .

      ILLINGWORTH . —An open-air meeting of th » men of lllingworth aad Bradshaw was held in the neighbourhood of the former place , on Friday evening , July 30 , to hear an address from Mr . Ratney . That staunch veteran in liberty ' s cause , Mr . Benjamin Rushtoii , was called to tke chair , and ia an excellent speech introduced the lecturer . Mr . Harney addresstd his delighted hearers for an hour and a naif ; at the conclusion Mr . Pickersgill moved the thanks of the assembly to tho speaker , which he having handsomely acknowledged , the proceedings terminated .

      Milton OF BAtfiONlB .-A public maettnj !; of the inhabitants of this place was neld on Friu&y evening last , in the School Room , for the purpose of presenting Mr . W . Melville , of Markinch , with a token of respect for the straightforward manner in . which ho has advocated the principles of freedom and sobriety . Mr . Andrew Fbjlp was called to the chair , and after stating the object of the meeting , calied on Mr . Crombie , teacher , to come forward . Mr . Crombie rose , and in a neat speech set forth the

      estimate of Mr . Melville ' s merits , and in the name of the meeting presented him with an elegant plaid , in testimony of their esteem for his sorvices . Mr . Melville rose , to return thanks for what he called the unlooked-for and undeserved token of their kindness . He had done nothing , he f aid , to merit such kindness , as be conceived in doing what he had doue he had only \ loae his duty . The business of the ereuiug being concluded , a rote of thanks was givon to Mr . Melville , and to the Chairman , when the meeting broke up .

      SALISBURY . —The Rendezvous of Fifty . nine Ecclesiastical Dignitaries . —Notwithstanding the worse than heathen blindness in which the people of this ancient city have been kept , they are now making their way into clear light , and wending their way to the Council Koom , of the National Charter Association . The Northern Star , the Western , or rather the National Findicator , and the incomparable English Chartist Circular , are now being purchased , oa Saturday nights , to be read to family circles . Oat meeting last Monday evening encourages us to hope for better things of Salisbury than we were some time ago justified in doing . We must endeavour to convert every new member into a useful one , preachers of the Gospel of Chartism , tract distributors , visitors , &c Those who honoured us and themselves with a visit

      last Monday evening , promised to come again , and bring their friends . This ia good—as it ought to be—it is glorious J How it will rejoice the heart of Mr . Carrier to find an association here ready to receive him , and appreciate hia services in our cans * , when next month shall see him restored to -what in thi » country goes for the name of liberty . It would ba -wbty -wholesome discipline for every lover of liberty to walk down by his prison at least once every week , and give way to such reflections as his unparalleled case ought to call forth . Carrier has laboured hard , and is justly entitled to the best thankfl of bis country . W « have as yet no better place to meet in than the house of bur txeellent Secretary , Mr . w ilkinson ; but we intend shortly to engage a room , and invite Mr . Vincent to open it : af ; er which , there is every room to hope that our progress will be more xapid .

      YORK . —At a meeting of the O'Connor ' s Demonstration Committee , on Wednesday evening , July 28 th , it was proposed and carried unanimously , "That * triumphal car be provided for F . O'Connor , Esq , on his release from the dungeon in which he is now a ' pris . ner , to bear him in triumph through the City . " A large white banner , with an emblematical design is also being painttd for the occasion ; the men of York being determined to have a demonstration worthy of the incorruptible patriot whom they intend to honour and of the glorious cause for which he has suffered .

      The Council met on Sunday , the 1 st im * ., when the practicability , of formlug a North and East Riding district , for the purpose of supporting a ChartLrt ; leeturer , was dkcosiott at length , and it was ultimately resolved that th » aub-sccretaty should commnnlcatfc with the Cfeartists of Selbf , Hull , Market Weighton , Pocfchufeton , Malton , &c && , for the purpose of making arrangements for tfftcting the above desirable object NORTH SHIELDS . —The cause progresses gloriously here . Ever since the late election the liveliest interest has been manifested by the entire working population of Shields . Mr . Mason was brought forward aa ChartM ; candidate , and in one of the most eloquent

      addresses we ever heard won the good opinions of every class present ; indeed , when he came down from the meeting , groups of the middle classes came forward and shook hands with him , and seemed confounded to learn that Chartism meant prosperity to the tradesmen as well as ju&tico to the poor . The Tories even invittd him to go and dine with them , for which , he modestly thanked them , and refused . Mr . Mason has since held two meetings here , for the purpose of addressing the people , at which thousands attended , applauding his sentiments , and proving the certain triumph of democracy . This gentleman will hold another meeting on the New Quay , on Tuesday evening , the 10 th . inst , for the purpose of extending the organisation of the National Charter Association .

      DU 7 SSE&B&RGH , —PuBLrc Lecxube . —A lecture was delivered here- on Monday night , in the Masons ' Hall , to a large and most respectable audience , by Mr James Lowe , of Dundee ; Mr . John Blillock , a working man , in the chair . The lecturer spoke in a most eloquent manner , and gave much satisfaction . A num .. ber of the middle classes were present . TIflfliMMMf # fMR going on well here . They recommend wB ^ Bfj ?*** * ' any association -who may want a lecture , asajtaflhEp and able lecturer . Associations wanting bJlaSB ^ Sffir ^ s ^ ' vX the South of Scotland , may write to W % trKnKlrM ^> . V William Taylor , bookseller , ftilfceitb . AT ^^^ T ^?^ Vp \ H 3 . 1 YJSM&S 0

      To The Landlords Of Ireland.

      TO THE LANDLORDS OF IRELAND .

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      I TOL . IT . SO . 195 . SATURDAY , AUGUST 7 , 1841 . "" * » " ^ , ^ n" ^ '"

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      ! ___ AND LEEDS GENERAL ADVERTISER .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 7, 1841, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct561/page/1/