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Northern Star (1837-1852), 9th December 1843, Edition 2 of 5, Page 7, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      " THE CONDITION OF ENGLAND QUESTION . " ( Continued from our sixth page *) Kn . rccGBA'S . —On Sunday afternoon last , during divine Berviee , & -fire , evidently the work" ef an incendiary , broke onfc in the stackyard of Mr . B . Holland , farmer , of Billinghsy . An alarm 'Was given at the timrch and at tie Methodist ehapel , -when those build ings wewrquieklj deserted , erery oneJbeing anxious to yeadex assistance in such an emergency . The fire had been kindled in tte centre of fonr wheat-stacks , imfc owing to the direction in which they stood &e -wind did not obtain free access , and consequently the spreading cf the flames-was not bo rapid as it might have heen . It l > eiag Snnday , plenty Tjf help -was at hand , 2 nd With the aid ol & good fire-engine belonging to the ^ ssridi , the desbnetiTe element wag shortly get under , not more' than V £ 6 " b "worth of damage being done . — Lincoln Mcraani *

      THOKfE . —On Tuesday evening last , about seven o ' clock , s stubble stack in the BlneBoar yard , at Thome , ana belonging to Mr . J , Holroyd , was digcovered to be on fire . Assistance wm instantly procured by Pigott , jnn-, police officer , who happened to be passing at . the time ; but the staek was half , conyarned btfore the fire could he quenched . An old barn and some outbuildings immediately adjoined the stack , which would undoubtedly have caught fire but fqr &nely assistance . There is too much reason to fear that this is the act of an incendiary . —Honcasier GazeHe .

      A fire hreis onfc on Monday evening last , about halfpast seven o ' clock , on the premises of Mr . French , of Whitfield , near Brackley , which consumed a bean rick , s hovel containing two dang carts , &a , and next caught 4 large hay rick containing about twenty tons , a good part of which was » pol 3 ed . The people formed a double row to the brook , a distance of about a quarter of a mile , which was the only place whence a supply , of water could be obtained . Two men who jstotxi in . the brook to fill the buckets were taken so ill as to require * medical aid , and were laid on a bed on ihe floor of the kitchen till they -were EufiMenHy . recovered to be removed . There is little doubt of its being the act of an incendiary , as the hovel where it first broke out was discovered to be on fire at both ends ,-a distance from each other of about fifteen yards . jMr . Prench was insured in the Norwich Union fireioffice . —Northampton Idercvry .

      Biddkthail—On Tuesday afternoon , about two o'doct , » fire was discovered in the farm-yard of Mr . W . Golding , of Biddenham , The flames proceeded from a stack of straw , and would doubtless have destroyed the whole of the property if it had not been detected so early . It is supposed to be the work of an incendiary- A reward of Fifty Pounds has been offered lor iha apprehension of thfi offender . —Herts Reformer We deeply regret to find that incendiarism is again spreading its diabolical ravages in our rural districts . About half-past nine o ' clock on Saturday night last , a fire broke out in the Tick-yard of Mr . Abraham Mann , at Tebworth , in the parish of Chalgrave , at the entrance of the village , about a mile from Bocklifio . The Stipes raged with dreadful fury , and in the space of an

      hour and a half consumed two large hams and another large hmMin ; , filled -with -wheat and barley , &everal iitfcs , i stable , and other outbuildings . The cattle being driven out at the eommencement ? of the fire , were , with the exception of a pig , preserved . The dwelling hsnse caught two or three times , but feeing a strong brick and tiled building , was saved by the strenuous exertions of those wko were assisting . The flames communicated to a cottage on the opposite side of the road , the property of Mr . Win . WMnnett , ia the occur pstion of John Randal , an " induitrions labourer , asd deri of Ob parish , who has a wife near

      her confinement , and six young children , the latter of whom were in bed at the time ; the neighbour ! conveyed the children to other bosses , and removed the whole of the famltnre , which was greatly damaged by the haste in which it was carried away . The cottage was destroyed , as was also a barn . No cause can he Bfflgnedfor the perpetration of the vile act , as Mr . 11 aim is » gentleman of ~ a remarkably quiet &Bd inoSensfrl disposition , an excellent master , who employs a larger somber of labourers than any other-person in the parish , and the farm is the property of his daughter , an amiable young lady , who is , we believe , at prestnt a minor . —Aj&sbvry Kens .

      On Wednesday evening , about sevenlo ' clocfc , the inhabitants of Harleston were alarmed by the dreadful cry or fire . The victim singled out for diabolical reveage , by a wicked incendiary , is Mr . Jahn AJdous , of She Ant-hill farm , hi the above parish . On the arrival of the pariah engine -a barley stack , the produce of thirteen acres , and a pea stack of five acres , were both m flames ; forinnately the wind was blowing stifiyfrom the north , 'Which , with the very judicious Tf"m * gr ' P it of tie engine , enabled them to preserve from destruc tion two wheat stacks , a ham , cattle sheds , As . Mr . Aldons ib amply injured in the Norwich Insurance-office . —Xoncich Mercury .

      Oa Friday Wfinight a barley stack , the property 01 Mt Stephen Gooch , « f Honlsgham , was dissovered . to be on fire . The engines were soon on the spot , and they , with the assistance of the inhabitants , succeeded m extinguishing the flames . A reward of £ 260 has beeneSned tor the apprehension of the offenders , as there is not the slightest denbt of its being the work of some incendiary . —Xorioich Mercury .

      C-LS-DIDAIES TOB ISAjtSPOBlATIOS . On Monday , before the Common Sergeant , at the New Court , Thomas Hart and Thomas Waits were indicted for stealing ? several waistcoats and other articles , the property of Bdward Summerfield . Both prisoners ware also charged with having previously been EummarOy convicted ef felony . Bath prisoners pleaded G-nlliy . The Common Sergeant said th&l fhe T > est iking ~ he could Ho for them tras to transport them . Watts— O TES , MT lOKD , PRAT DO SO . Hart expressed a rirmlftT hope . The Court sentenced th * m to be transported for seven years . The prisoners expressed their gratitude . Several other prisoners pleaded " GviUy , 1 ' and IT ap-TEX 3 U 5 G TTTlT TlTgTTJF- gg HAD CiVSED TSSM TO CO 3 fxrr the otpescis of which they vxri charged , they were sentenced to short period * of impnsonaient .

      GAME XSTi CB 2 X 5 . The following paragraphs , extracted from the Jy ? estury News , seems so naturally to fall together , that we have ranked them under one head : — "A Hl 5 T TO TJEE Fasheks OP Bucks . —The present system of picking seed wheat has nearly extolnunsted partridges in iTelang . —LijnerickXJhronxdt ? - " ApfxaT Tf ith Poachbss . —On the night of the 9-h instant , a body of poachers , who were on the Buke of Buckingham ' s preserves at "Wotton Underwood , beat sod grossly ill-used a losker-oufc / xt . the name of Brockleyhurst . " V'K' ?" - " Robbzeies —We regret to say flat petty robberies are Eimost mgiitiy taking place at BrQL The lawless dejusdahois harre latherto escaped . "

      ** A Dis ? XRADo . —On Saturday list , Mo ? es Sanmpton , of Long Creadon , was charged with poaching on tfcsDnke of Buckingham ' s preserves , before the Rev . G- Cheiwode , at Chilton . Be was on that chsrge committed to Aylesbnry gaol for six months * imprisonment . There were also some cbargfcs of assault against him It appeared that he had been at the poultry honse of Jlr . While ^ farmer , of Pollicott , on the evening before , and on that occasion very nanowly escaped from Mr . White ' s hands . On the morning of Saturday he was fonad on the Ashendon estate , snaring . He had a powerful blndffeon with him , -witli wliidi lie knocked one of them down , and escaped from the other . He Tva then followed by a shepherd , who succeeded in capturing him , notwithstanding his desperate efforts to knock him down with his bludgeon . *

      In these paragraphs -what a dark chapter in the history of our landed aristocracy is touched upon . Good farming is obstructed by the adherence to an obsolete system on the part of the landowners , for the Bke of lerdly sport and political influence . TV © know 8 n instance in trbicb a farmer in the West of England sowed a particular field wish grain three successive yeas , and each year the plant was so campletel ; destroyed by game that no attempt was made to reap it is either of the yean ; yet the farmer had all the expence of a crop , and not » shilling of allowance was made by the landlord . Sd much for the direct effect ol pns preserving . And what a state of thingBin eon-E&etion -wiLh tkis subject do tiie above paragraphs dlsdose ? First , wahava the editor ol a newspaper « ng gesting to the farmers a plan fir poisoning the fame , which is by law their landlord ' s property !

      Wild .-nriroals , which by right are ao mas's property , are brad and kept in enormoas abundance in the midst of a population on the very brink of destitution , whose opportunities of earning a living are , in fact , greatly < 3 iTTrimsfct > a bj tne very maintenance of the game . They command , Then captured , a ready sale , at hwh prices ; they are easily caught , and the catching them affords to the poor man some of fee excitemeat of sport , as wtll as the hope of profit—passions of no slight efiicacy in ths minas of all Englishmen—while no vigilance , en thepart of the preservers of these creatures , can effectually protect them .

      Then poaching is looked upon by all bat the spertang gentry as a very venial offence . We all remember th&t Sir Walter Scott first became acquainted with his faith-** 1 servant , Tom Purdy , from having had to sit in judgment upon him as apoaeher ; and we believe few think much worse of a country labourer because he 1 * a bit of a poacher . Te 4 poaching is t&e mother of ill rural crimes Itlssds to 3 » te hours and nocturnal aiventnres ^ and , sooner or lsXer , to violent contesto , and perhspr murderous conflicts , with gamekeepers . As a pendent to these remarks , we reprint the followinz from a local paper

      ?"SirP . Goodricke , sX ClermontLedge , Norfolk , last week entertained the Earl of Cardigan , Xord Macdonald , lord Maidstone , the Hon . Captain Spencer , Mr . Payne , and Six . Snngerford . The party , consisting of BBVen guns , Hlled , Nov . 8—252 pheasants , 438 hares , 207 rabbits , J 3 partridges , 2-woodcocks ; total , 812 . Nov . 9—331 pheasants , 305 hares , 162 rabbits , 3 partridges , 3 woedcocks ; total , 804 . 3 * ov . 10—235 pheasants , 441 hares , 110 rabbits , 4 partridges , 2 woodcock *; total , 792 . Total—818 pheasants , 1 , 184 hares , 379 rabbits , 20 partridges , 7 woodcocks . Sraiid total—2 , 408 ri three days . "

      Untitled Article

      What an amonnt of temptation , crime , waste , and QIblood do these 2 . 408 head of 8 &m » , preserspd for tb « momentary gratification of seven gentlemen , represent —Bull Advertiser . Wakkfield Bodsb of Correction . —About ; forty or fifty years ago , Wakefield House of Correction contained only about half a score prisoners . What a contrast to the present time ! When the new works are finished at this prison , it will be one of the largest prisons is the world 1 Whj justice spaees the Oppressor . —The figure of Justice at Wakefield Court House is without a sword , it having been blown down Borne yean ago ; the balances , however , are in their proper position .

      Untitled Article

      ^^^ m "i ' 'i THE TAILOR SWEATING MACHINES AND " DEVIL'S DUST . " ( Continuation of ( he case reported in our last . ) Guildhall . —On Friday Sir P . Laurie , after disposing of some trifling eases , called upon a , journeyman tailor , named Richard Morgan , to substantiate a eomplatnt he had make by letter on a former day , and in respect to -which Sir P . Laurie had informed him he would not hear him , unless he was prepared with witnesses who could prove what he alleged , and uuleas he gave any master notice whese name he intended to mention .

      The complaint made by Mr . Morgan was , that the city tailors were in the habit of giving out theii work to a class of journeymen known io the trade by the name of " sweaters / ' knowing them to be iuch , and gaining no advantage by employing them , beyond rapidity in executing a customer ' s order . A " sweater " was defined to be a Journeyman who would engage to do any job that would occupy a good hand twe days in the Ebort space of eight or ten hours , working by night as well as day , and on Sundays as well as week days , without extra charge . A " sweater" turns out as mneh work as six journeymen employed in the bouse , which he accomplishes by employing improvers and women at low wages , aided by one or two good hands , but of notoriously bad character or depraved habits , whom no master would employ . Mr . Charles , cf Fleet-street , and Mr . Bracher , © f the Old Jewry , were the only masters present ; : but there was a great number of journeymen .

      Sir P . Idurie asked ii organ to call flat some one who had worked for a sweater . Henry Leafier was presented . He stated that he worked a few days since for a sweater-employed by Mr . Comfort , of Coleman-street . He was employed to make the third part of a single-breasted beaver ceat The sweater was to have 12 s . It was to be made during the night . The sweater kept the lightest third part for himself . Complainant , with the help ef a short pipe , kept himself awake ; but the other two , -wbo had been -working in the day , dropped off to sleep . The garment was got in , however , in good time , but Mt Comfort cut the price dowa to 10 s ., and complainant received 3 s . i ± for his share , A good fire was kept up , and they burnt 7 d . worth of caudles , and a deduction of 1 b . was made for cosls and candles . Sir P . Laxtbib said he had received little " comfort " for that hard night's work .

      Thomas Eimes said he was employed by & sweater named Quigley , or No . 7 , West Row , who worked for Mr . Dairies , of Hanover Square . He was a coat-maker . Seven men worked in one room , two of whom sleep in it at night Mr . Dvvies pays 17 s . for a ceat . The sweater deducts 2 s . for his time in going backwards and forwards to his « hop , and , marking the job off into thirds , keeping the lightest for himself . The two men who sleep there pay each 2 s . fid . per week for lodging , 53 . for breakfast , 8 d . for dinner , and 5 d . for tea , Hid worked for other sweaters at the West End besides Qatgley . They employ men whom so master tailor would suffer to enter his house ; men without shoes or stockings ; who wore their shirts three weeks without changing—who were labouring under filthy diseases , and about whom the vermin would be continually creeping . Into the hands of such men he had Been put a share of a coat tot a Minister of the Crown , and for Peers of the realm . The witness began to mention names , but

      Sir P . Laurie checked him , observing that lawyers sometimes decorated their offices with cues of papers bearing the names of great men who never employed the lawyer in the course of their lives ; and so might tailors boast to their m « n of pretended customers . The witness continued—Some masters keep on fourteen men to meet contingencies , employing one half the first part of the week and the other half the last part of the week , sa that none earned more than sufficient to pay for their seven day ' s board and lodging . In such cases 15 s . cash would suffice on Saturday night to divide amongst the men , as the surpltu beyond their debt . It was a system of truck , for the payment was made , in fact , in food and lodging . Only single men wire employed . Sir P . Laurie asked how much a day a good hand could earn , working under a sweater upon the heaviest thirds of the work 1

      The witness replied five shillings , if be Worked as cso&l , from four o ' clock in the morning till ten at night Mr . Charles , in answer to a question from the alderman , said he formerly employed a number of men in his own house , but the annoyance was to great , from the continual demand for refreshments from the publichouse and coffee-shop , that he eoald not bear it , and he now gave out his work to tailors who were house * keepers doing a little business for thenuelves , and to what extent they employed others , or what sort of men they employed , he had no means of knowing ; but though he was compelled by the competition in his

      neighbourhood to ticket some articles , he did not do this at the expense of the comforts of the men who worked for him . His price for nuking a coat ranged from 13 s . to 15 s ., for a waistcoat from 2 s . 6 d . to Ss . 9 d- and for trousers from 4 s . 3 d . to ox . 6 d . Sir P . ianrie asked if , paying these wages , he kept a moving van ? Mr . Charles—Certainly not . Morgan said he did not belong to any society . He had been amongst the people who worked for Moses , Hyams , Myers , and Say , and the wretchedness be saw was beyond what he anticipated . He called a witness named Shea .

      Scea stated , that at the slopmakers the overlooker -was frequently more particular as to the quality of the work than in the bespoke department , though only 3 s . 6 d . was fjven for making a Chesterfield in the first style . Some were required to make a coat for 2 s . 6 d . that would require two days' labeur . Mr . Parker , the secretary to the Tailors' Protection Society , produced a specimen of trousering , manufactured at Huaderafield , by grinaine together « ld woollen rags collected from all parts of Europe . It had been made up into cheap clothing in America , and returned as too bad for any use . It was called in Yorkshire shoddy , or devil ' s dust The specimen produced was a sort of olive green twilled trousering , and had slits two or three inches long , opened in all ' directions where there was a strain in the wear . He said a better sort of this article was extensively used by the cheap tailor , -whose business it was to have the worst matertalB made up in the best style , at a scandalous rate of

      wages . Sir F . Laurie said these bargains of course ultimately proved dear ; and he was surprised so many people bad resorted to the overcheap shops , expecting to get articles really much below the prices charged by respectable shopkeepers . The cheap men could not buy materials cheapex , and wexe not content with less profit The buyer , therefore , got either an inferior Article at tbe cheap shop , or one made at a rate of wages which he should blush to countenance . Packer stated that Mr . Ksy , the slop-seDer , in Aldersgate , required as good -work to be put in a -waistcoat at Is . 6 d . as Stnltz did at 7 s . 6 d . John Holland deposed to the prices be had received , viz , for Tagli ? nis and pilots , best make 3 s . ; end a shootina jacket , full of pockets , and with nineteen buttonholes , requiring three days work , 3 s . 3 d .

      Sir P . Laurie asked how many baida Stulz employed on bis premises ? Paiter said about 300 . Tne evidence was then directed to show that tailors who professed to keep men on the premise * tor bespoke work sent it out into the most filthy neighbourhoods . Morgan said he saw this week a lady ' s habit being made np for Moses by a man named Paddy Kelly in a very filthy place . It was a bespoke garment j would take a whole week to make ; and Paddy , a beautiful workman , was to have 16 s . for it . If the lady saw where it was made it would bt impossible fox her to ¦ wear it . There -were oaly a doaen toil ore in the city who lotto , fde employed the men on their premises . There were 100 sweaters , who had 400 good hands under them . 5 Fha livery breeches of oae of the present Ehtriffb' fuotmen were given omt to a sweater as 5 s . He comld not do them , bak turned them over to another sweater at 4 s . 6 d ., and the poor fellow who actually made them received 4 t

      ax p . iAurie said it was a pity that by some under * standing among the Masters themselves this extreme cruelty could not be avoided . He was afraid that while the masters could let their Soon to advantage , and avoid the troaUe of sasaging work in the house , they would net turn their floors into work-rooms , bat if they would try they might devise something . A tailor suggested that they sight bin work-r # omB separate from their dwelling-hovses and shops . Mr . Parrott , the chairman of ihe Tailor's Protection Society , said nothing eonld pat down the sweating system but the stinting of the work to men working ! rooms rented by the employer on his own premises . Bydoinetbis they might place all the mea i * a state or happiness . He flanied Sir Peter Lanria , in flw name of the thousands of men ont of employ , l e * « Jfe . rding them a hearing ; and lie was rare if those in authority would thus only hear the « omplaiata of tha aggrieved , a happier state of things would in time subsist :

      _ . _ ... Sir P . Laurie said they were & large body of industrious men , and be hoped the exposure of the evils of which they eomplained would lead to the adoption of some remedy .

      Untitled Article

      ASHTON-UHDBB-XflTHB . —Mr . C . Doyle delivered & lecture io the Association Room in the above place , on Sunday evening last , to a large and respectable audience . At the close of the lectnre , a vote of thanks was given to the leeturev for the pleasing and instructive disoonrBS he had deliTeredj and the meeting separated .

      Untitled Article

      Galvanic Experiment—The resuscitating powers of galvanism have been confirmed in the most satisfactory manner , in some well-conducted experiments of Mr . Halse , of Brent , near Ashburton . This gentleman drowned three young whelps in cold water , and three others , of the same litter , in warm water . The first three were immersed fifteen minutes , and the latter three forty-five minutes . The experiments were commenced immediately after the animals were removed from the water , and when all of them were quite motionless and apparently dead . Those which were drowned la cold water werepl&eed in a blanket in front of a good fire , aud shortly after one of them was prepared for the galvanio process . Two small jars , containing a solution ef common salt , being provided , the fore feet of the animal were placed in one of them ,

      and the hind feet ia the another , and a connecting wire from the battery brought to each jar was immersed in the saline solution . The first momentary discharge developed signs of vitality ; and a series ol slight shocks , continued for about five minutes , restored the function * of life . The poor creature was then again placed on the blanket before the fire , and in a short time it began to walkabout , and appeared quite as lively as ever . On examining its two fellow-sufferers , they were past recovery ; indeed quite dead . By operating in a similar manner on the other three , which were drowned in warm water , Mr . Halse succeeded in resuscitating two of them , and restoring them to perfect health ; but the third dog Dot being galvinizad till an hour after the resascitatien of the second , his efforts to restore it were not successful

      It has been he opinion of many physiologists , that there is a strict analogy between galvanism and the vital principle , and that the phenomena of life have an electric origin . Others there are who think they can identify the nervous with the eleotrie fluid . Be [ that as it may , the experiments of Dr . Wilson Philip have shown , that there exists a striking analogy in the nervous and galvanic infiuencts ; and that the latter is capable of supplying tbe place of the former , in performing the functions of life . Having fed several rabbits with parsley . Dr . Philip divided the eight pair of nerves of some of them , by incisions in tbe neck , for the purpose of ascertaining their influence on the digestive functions of the stomach . On examining tbe

      contents of their stomachs , the parsley appeared to have undergone no change whatever . Others of these rabbits were subjected to tbe galvanic influence , by applying one of tbe conducting wires to the lower portion of the nerves , just below the incision in the neck , and the other conductor to tbe skin opposite to the stomach , so that the electric current would flow along the nerve . By this process , the difficulty of breathing was prevented , during the whole of the twenty-six hours that the operation was continued . These rabbits were killed immediately after the galvanism was discontinued , and the parsley was found to be perfectly digested , and in the same state as that in tbe stomachs of other rabbits fed at the same time , and left unmolested in their natural healthy condition .

      These capital electro-physiological results , which were subsequently confirmed by [ similar experiments , conducted by Dr . Clarke Able , leave no doubt respecting the influence of galvanism , as a substitute in performing the nervous functions ; and afford strong evidence of the practicability of applying this agency with advantage , as an auxiliary to the nervous agency , when the latter is too debilitated to act efficiently alone . The correctness of this view has been realised by the beneficial results that have been obtained by galvanic treatment , in several cases arising from nervous debility , and the consequent atony of the organs which they influence . And as the muscles also become excited and invigorated by the galvanic stimulus , the medical practitioner has , ia it , a powerful auxiliary to his other modes of treating many of the diseases which afflict humanity .

      Aebonauticjl Exhibition , Willis's Rooms . — Mr . Monck Mason , who , as our readers are most probably aware , has devoted considerable attention to the subject of aeronautics and aerial navigation , has established an aeronautical exhibition at these rooms , which opened on Wednesday , and certainly a most interesting exhibition it is . One of Mr . Mason ' s objects is to direct public attention to his model of a balloon , which can be both propelled and staved . This balloon Is of oiled silk , its shape is ellipsoidal , a shape which combines the highest ascending power with the least resistance to horizontal progression ; below the balloon , between it and the car , but in close connection with the latter , is a frame-work ef ( wood , in shape like the frame-work of the deck of a sharp-built ship , its long diameter

      corresponding with the long diameter of tbe balloon ; below this frame-work is the ear . Tha propeller is an Archimediau screw of oiled silk , stretched ovei a light frame-work . This screw resembles in shape the screw now used as a propeller on board the Archimedean steam vessels ; it is suspended from the wooden framework , and is moved by a powerfnl spring in the ear . At the opposite end of tbe car ia the rodder , in shape somewhat like a paper kite , and by means of which Mr . Monck Mason imagines he can to some extent regulate the ascending power of the balloon . There cannot be any doubt but that Mr . Mason can communicate the power of progression to his balloon by means of his Archimedean screw , which ought rather to be denominated a sucker or drawer than a propeller , inasmuch as tbe balloon progresses screwend foremost The experiments lately exhibited place this fact beyond a doubt . Tbe balloon having

      been inflated and balanced to proper elevation , was moored to a column , forming tbe centre of a drele , round which it was to travel The rudder and tbe screw were rigged in their proper places—tbe spring power applied—round went the screw , and on went the balloon at a rapid rate , screw-end foremoBt , and so continued until the spring ceased to act , when tbe screw ceased to turn , and the balloon became stationary . This experiment was repeated , and nothing could be more satisfactory . Every expectation that the most sanguine person could have entertained was realised . We did not witness any experiments with the rudder , but we hope again to visit Mr . Monck Mason's very interesting exhibition , when we may have an opportunity of testing the powers of the rudder . Mr . Monck Mason who conducted the experiments , was assisted by Mr . Green , the jotonaut , who , -we understand , expressed his approbation of the experiment .

      Thb New Comet . —At one o ' clock in the morning of the 22 nd instant a comet , only visible through a telescope , was discovered near the star Gamma , of Orion , by M . Faye , an astronomer attached to the Royal Observatory at Paris . Notwithstanding the clouds and vapoars which impeded the view , and rendered the observation uncertain , the position of the star was ascertained as follows : —On the 22 nd of Nov ., 1843 , at 14 hours , 44 minutes , 11 seconds , medium time of Paris , reckoned from mid-day , the right ascension of the comet was 81 deg . 5 mln ., and the boreal declension was 6 deg . 56 min . The sky was so cloudy on the following night , that it was only on the 24 th that the comet was again seen , when Its position was ascertained with complete precision . On the 21 th of

      November , 1843 , at 17 h . 4 min . 43 Bee . medium time of Paris , counted from mid-day , the right ascension of tbe comet was 30 deg . 50 min . 42 sec . ; boreal declension of the comet , 6 deg . 30 min . 35 sec Thus the apparent right ascension of the comet diminished by seven minutes of a degree within about 24 hours ; and in the same interval of time the declension likewise diminished by 12 minutes . This comet presents a bead so distinct , _ Jhat the observations are singularly facilitated . From the head slight trains of light diverge nearly opposite to the sun . This tail is at present in length about four minutes of a degree . The following letter has been , addressed to tbe papers : —

      " To the Editor : —Sir , —This comet was observed here with the five-feet equatorial , whose object glass is 4 inches aperture , about eight o ' clock last evening ; with the large achromatic , of 11 inches 9-10 tbs diameter , its nucleus , with powers of 150 and 360 , seemed not round , but elongated in the direction of the tail , which latter , after moonset , extended about 11 minutes . It does not bear much lllumimUon of tbe field , although it was easily found with an achromatic telescope of 2 £ inches aperture . At 48 min . 37 sec , after midnight , its ascension was about 5 h . 21 min . 37 Bee and its northen declination was aoost 5 deg . 34 min . 32 sec . and it is very the star of A Orionis . —Observatory , Kensington , Thursday morning , Nov . 30 , 1843 , half-past two . "

      Dr .. Whitfield , the Natciuljst , has lately returned from the coast of Africa with a large collection cf animals and plants . This is aboui the twentieth vojage successfully made by this enterprising tiavelte * , who has visited New Holland and other distant settlements several times within tbe last thirty years . The late Dake * f Bedford was his great patron ; and since the death of his Grace the present Bail of Deiby has been his patron . The Doctor , after many perilous escapes , has succeeded in bringing over four ostriches , thirteen antelopes , one lioness , eight crown erases , and four gigantic er&aes , a pair of Egyptian ibis , many olive asd white aigrettes , five wild cats , and a vast variety of small birds ; also , a splendid collection of rare plants . They have all been consigned to Koowsloy-park , and arrived in perfect health .

      Society , of Arts—A numerous meeting of tbe members was held on Wednesday evening , in the theatre of the Institution , John-street , Adelphi ,- Benjamin Rbtch , Esq ., Y . P ., F . R . S ., in the chair , when a paper was read by the secretary on the now patent metallic cement , a composition of sand and of the refuse of copper commingled , and of a peculiarly hard and durable description . Specimens of its applicability to buildinc purposes were exhibited , showing that it "waa suscepH » bleof a fine marbts polish , and of being mule to imitate granite , it was stated by the chairman that this invention would find an abundant market In the mountains of Wales , where the refuse of copper was so great that the proprietors did not know what use to make of it Freaco paintings worked upon Giii ^ rface of this cement were likewise exhibited , the resaffof the method being that they may be preserved much longer by this process than by the usual method .

      Thb Abts amongthe Romaws . —The Romans ate insatiate and always a semi-barbarous people , amongst whom the arts of civilization never had much extension ; they did not look at the fine arts at any time with admiration or respect , if we except architecture , which the -wealthy among them appear to have considered merely as a vehicle for displaying their vain and ostentations love of exhibiting wealth . Even this art they picked up from the Greeks , and noon corrupted

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      h ? J £ J « £ impIe P'tociples . Still it was ia the SS ? n 22 W ^ i ™ ^ ' being supplied with SJ T de * lV 6 < i bm *« PInnde' of other nations , * S ? TT * ' **** wmetimesgrana , ediflces-both SwSSS - *^ ae Yer * i * b the purity of taste WW *«* i « W «| w Greek architeeture . 3 S «» lP « M « . however , were never looked &i * m M j tttelfc 8 tual pursuits , which fact proves S . \ tone « d « ° afined eaHbre of Roma ' s national & ™ * W » was their only implement Even «« niif a j ™ ) encourages them to despise the ? S ff . * K ° ^ a lil ) eral ' «** <*«*<» ' » ° 'ells them to "be satisBed with being the conquerors of nations and master , of the world . ' ? Where are now m ^ jI . 00 . ^ 68 ^ masterships of t&e world ? The £° ? em MtB baVe snrYiTed totm . aU—Tayfer

      «™ m ^ Vc » CaST IRON-By Major Jewreinoff , as KJ' «»^ ft . Jfetersbnrgh . ^ The liquid for silvering is prepared in the following manner : —Cyanide of potessium , prepared according to Liebig ' s method , is introduced ^ ato a Btoppered vessel , and freshly-prepared pore chloride of silver , still in a moist state , added ; the whole being eovered with water and shaken violentiy for some time at the ordinary temperature . An excess of ; chloride of silver is taken , and should a small quantity of it remain undisaolved , a few pieces more of the cyanide are added after some time , taking care , however , to avoid having an excess of the latter salt , but always a small quantity of nadissolved chloride at the bottom of the vessel . This last circumstance is important , because when the liquor contains too much free cyanide ef potassium it Is easily decomposed , and

      moreover does not silver so well ; before employing It it Is filtered , and is thus rendered perfectly clear , hron and alittle chloride of silver remaining on the filter . I effect the plating by means of a galvanic pair of ptetea , consisting of ainc and a coke cylinder , which are separated from each other by means of an earthen diaphragm . The pair are placed in a glass vessel containing dilute sulphuric acid , and dilute nitric acid 1 b conveyed into the earthen diaphragm . The cleansed cast iron object is immersed In the silver solution , and connected with the ainc pole by means of a conducting wire , and a platinum plate Immersed in the liquid at some distance from tbe object to be silvered , and connected with the coke cylinder . A plate of cast iron , of four square Inches surface , is generally completely plated in thirty minut 9 a— . Bu # etf » de St . Petersburgh .

      Soda and Soap . —Soda has been used from time immemorial in the manufacture of soap and glaas—two chemical productions which employ and keep in circulation an immense amount of capital . The quantity of soap consumed by a nation would be no inaccurate measure whereby to estimate its wealth and civilisation . Ol two countries , with an equal amount of population , the wealthiest and most highly civilised will consume the greatest weight of soap . This consumption does not subserve sensual gratification , nor depend upon fashion , but upon the feeling of tbe beauty , comfort , and welfare attendant upon cleanliness ; and a regard to this feeling ia coincident with wealth and civilisation . The rich , in the middle ages , conceakd a want of cleanliness in their clothes and persons under a profusion

      of costly scents and essences , whilst thay were more luxurious in eating and drinking , in apparel and horses . With us a want of cleanliness Ib equivalent to insupportable misery and misfortune . Soap belongs to those manufactured products , tbe money value of which continually disappears from circulation , and requires to be continually renewed . It is one of the few substances which are entirely consumed by use , leaving no product of any worth . Broken glass and bottles are by no means absolutely worthless ; for rags we may purchase new cloth ; but soap-water has no value whatever . It would be interesting to know accurately the amount of capital involved in the manufacture of soap : it is certainly as large as that employed in the coffee trade , with this important difference as

      respects Germany , that it is entirely derived from oar own soil . France formerly imported soda from Spain , Spanish soda , being of the best quality , at an annual expenditure of twenty to thirty millions of franca . During the war with England , the price of soda , and consequently of soap and glass ,, rose continually ; and all manufactures suffered in consequence . The present method of making soda from common salt was discovered by Le Blanc , at the end of the last century . Itj was a rich boon for France , and became of the highest importance daring the wan of Napoleon . In a Very short time , it was manufactured to an extraordinary extent , especially at the aeat of the soap

      manufactories . Marseilles possessed , for a time , a monpoly of sodaandsoa p . The policy of Napoleon deprived that city of the advantages derived from this great source of commerce , and thus excited the hostility of the population to his dynasty , which became favourable to the restoration of the Bourbons : a curious result of an improvement in a chemical manufacture . It was not long , however , in reaching England . In order to prepare the soda of commerce ( which is the carbonate ) from common salt , it is first converted into Glauber ' s salt ( 8 D . lpb . at 6 of soda ) , i For this purpose , eighty pounds weight of concentrated Bulphurio aeid ( oil of vitriol ) are required to one hundred pounds of common salt—Liebiff ' s Letters on Chemistry .

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      a trilling addition to her miserable modicum of food , and for which he was visited with instant dismissal ! We have this relation from those who have by stealth recently seen the doomed creature ia her captivity , and they describe her appearance as most deplorable , and akin to that of the caged beasts in a menagerie , keeping constantly pacing round her narrow prison-honse like a demented creature , and bearing a dumb expression of suffering capable of melting every heart bat that of hot cruel tormentor . We are further informed that a pony has been punished by this person , for aoma unknown reason , by the same species of infernal cruelty for the last two yeaxa . ~ JForoester Herald . [ Wny does not our contemporary give the name of this " respectable" ruffian ? Why have not the necessary informations , before this , been ] laid before a magistrate ? If ever there was a case worthy of " Lynch law , '' this is one . At once , we say , ; drag the miscreant to justice . — Ed . N . S . ] i

      THE O'CONNELL TRIBUTE . —I mnafc confess that tbeae money boxes were the greatest eyesore to me in the whole matter . I cannot fergive O'Connell for it , and I think nobody else can . And will posterity be able to forgive him for making a gain and a money matter of his patriotic toils , and carrying on this business openly and publicly without shame or fear ? I believe it never occurs to him , himself , that there is anything bad in tbe affair ; for he has entrenched himself , and made himself j secure , behind some such reasoning as this : — "I was an advocate with excellent practice , which promised to be better than it already was . I became a patriot , and dedicated all my powers to my country and to ypur cause , ye men of Ireland i This buaneBB is an expensive one to me ; for I must

      not only provide for myself and my family , but aleo maintain several of my friends who help me and mine , and stand by me in Parliament , and put me in a condition to do effectually 'whatever I do for your cause . There can be nothing more jnsfc than that aM Ireland should pay for the cost of this business , and also reimburse me for the profits of my profession , which I have surrendered for the love ; of her . I can , therefore , with the greatest right , demand of you the O'Connell tribute , and receive it with a good conscience . " The following facts are certain—that , in consequence of his patriotic ( and stirring endeavours and agitation , OCoonell enjoys a yearly rent of no inconsiderable magnitude ( to the amount , it is said , of mere than £ 10 . 000 ) and that he and his friends live well on this , with far

      better food and far better clothes than thousands of those from whom they 'draw the rent . Farther , it Is certain , that O'Conneil and his friends do not say , " We will walk in rags—we will eat potatoes and salt , like millions of our compatriots for whom we toil—we will set aside all worldly advantages , and alt the money which is contributed shall be devoted solely and singly to tbe cause , and not employed for any personal purposes . " The tendency of his argument is rather this : — " If we had continued as advocates , we could now be living gloriously , and in tbe enjoyment of all kinds of pleasure ; if , therefore , we are to forgot ; this , you must fully protect us from 'want" We cannot therefore place the O'Connell's in : the same rank with the great and glorious spirits whom the world has exalted so

      high , because they kept their soul and their thoughts free from the atmosphere of money , and kept their hands undenled by the touch of Satan ' s worst invention , gold—such men as the ! unselfish Fabriclus , Cincinnatas , the worker at the plough , the barefooted Caliphs , tbe world-denying apostles and prophets , and other highly-exalted prophets and patriots . It is quite possible—it is , indeed , I probable—that , had O'Connell followed the example of Jean Jacques Rousseau ; had he refused the support of his friends ; had he , like Cincinnatofl , determined to live by the plough ; or had he , like millions of bis poor compatriots , been content to dress in rags aud live en potatoes , he never would have attained to bis power . Perhaps the people would have despised him , and passed him by . Perhaps this age must and will see Its heroes well clothed and well fed . As the English national debt is a yoke and burden which

      holds all Fngland together , so perhaps is the O'Connell tribute a burden which holds all the Repealers together . They have once pledged themselves , to pay a certain amount of tribute , and this binds them to advance with O'Connell . They , perhaps , wonder , at the extraordinary character jof this tribute , which a man without external power , ] onl ; by his eloquence and earnestness , has imposed upon them , and , on this very account , value him the more highly . The sam of the whole is—O'Connell is a wonderful man ef the 19 th centnry ( the century of money ) , who has arrived at influence , power , and prosperity , by meana such as the world has rarely heard of previously ; who , without physical power and without giving np any thing ,, has for forty years bid defiance to the most powerful aristocracy of Europe , having on his side nothing but a few millions of beggars .- ^ - Ko hl ' s Travels in Ireland ,

      The Sublime v . the Ridiculous—It Is astonishing how the sayings and doings of the greatest men , that are meant to be sublime and even tremendous , can be defeated by the flliqbteet and Buorteat ridicule , when it is wen-timed . Every body mast remember the admirable wit by which } that ever-witty man , Wilkes , tamed Lord Thurlow and one of his most important speeches into complete ridicule . The erafty reprobate and vulgar swearer , notorious for his Atheism , ended his speech by exclaiming , "If I foYget my King , may my God forget me . " On this , WUkea , -who was standing behind the throne , said , loud enough for everybody to hear , "God forget yon , Indeed ! He'tijwe you at tbe devil first" The House was convulsed with laughter , and Lord Thurlow eat down amidst general ridicule .

      Pitt , who was haranguing tbo Commons on another occasion , in order to stimulate them to war against the French revolutionists , carried his excitement so far , that , stooping his long gaunt body , be tapped the floor with the back of his hand exclaiming that if they did not go to war , " even these very boards will rise np in judgment against you . "j On this Wilkes , who stood below the bar , observed ; " Then send for a carpenter and nail them down . " Every body around him burst out a-Jaughing , and the astonished proud , the haughty and aristocratic Minister , could not conceive why be was laughed at But a better joke than this was played off upon that vilest of all apostates and impostors , Mr . Burke . This dull speaker , when be betrayed bis party and was seeking bis two pensions , made an harangue against the French revolutionists , describing their cruelties !;; he worked himself up to a fever , and in order to illustrate their sanguinary deeds , be drew a knife from his bosom and tbrew it on the ' ; j ' 1 ]

      table of the House . Amidst the awful silence that ensued , and whilst Burke was standing In a theatrical attitude , Sheridan was overheard to say , " Yes , yes , I see the knife , bat where Is the fork ? " The -whole boose burst into laughter ; and Mr . Burke sat down with merited contempt The ! late Mr . Whitsbread was a man of business , and of very great talents , but certainly he had nothing of the poet in him . No man ever had less of the poetic temperament On building Drury-lane he wrote a poiem as the competitor for the prize of writing the best Opening address—a task afterwards performed gratis by onr most illustrious bard , Lord Byron . Wbitbread ' a chief 8 imile was the PLoeaix ri 8 ii ; g from bis ashes in the flames . This was told to Sheridan , who moat satirically replied : " founds , Wnitbread write about a Pboanis ; depend upon it he will describe it like a poulterer . " This reached Whitbread ' s ears , and he " thought better of it "—and his poem never saw the light

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      SAtFORD—The Sajford Chartists met in their Rooms , Great George-street , to hear a lecture from Mr . M'Failane , who delivered & very interesting address to an attentive and respectable audience . After Mr . M'Farlane sat down the chairman introduced Mr . Little to the meeting , who gave a short but interesting address on the rise and j progress of the principles of Chutism . There will be a lecture in tbe Rooms every Sunday evening at half-past bis . o ' clock . STOCKPOR 1 P . —On j Sunday afternoon bat , the youths met in the ante-room , Garnett-street , Lower

      Hiligate . The chair waSjtaken at two o'clock , when a very animated discussion took place . Subject— " Is colonisation consistent with Christianity ? " Mr . Brown opened tbe debate , maintaining that colonization , as at present carried out , was not in accordance with Christianity . Several others took part in the debate , which was carried on for two hours . The youths here are now engaged in establishing a library . Every oae seems to take great interest in the matter , and all are determined that it shall ! not fail for want of exertion . They have already got a number of works ; and are about to issue an address to the public aofieiting aid .

      LONDON . —The TJnitbd Boot akd Bhoe-UAK . ER 3 held their weekly meeting at the Cannon Coffee Hoiiso , Old-street . ! St . Lake ' s , when the qaestion— " Would a Repeal of tha Com Laws , under existing circumstancea , benefit the Working Classes ?" wa » opened by Mr . Langfith , who contended U would not He was supported by Messrs . Clark and M'Carthy 5 but met with opposition ! from a Mr . Brown , who attended as champion for the anti-Cora Law League ; and attempted to show that ] this country would be a para * dise were the principles of Free Trade fully sarried oat Several others being desiroua to address the Meeting , it was resolved the question should be adjourned to Sunday evening , December 10 th , when it will be opened by Mr . Brown maintaining the affirmative .

      District Council , Sunday , December 3 rd , W . H . Bain in the chair . The ] rales wars agreed to . Tbe Ctoiden Lion and other localities seat In their quotas . There was a full attendance of delegates . Mr . Paternoster , fromthe Hare-street locality , took bis seat Me . Cooper lecture ! to a crowded aaffigace , on Sunday evening last , at ; the City of LvndOTrTolitical and Scientific Institution ( in continuation ) on "the Poetry of Burns " , and gave great satisfaction * powiical anb Scientific Institution ,

      Tnauagain Lane—Oa Sunday , Dec . 3 rd , the adjourned discussion on the question , "Would a Repeal of the Corn Laws benefit the working classes , " took place . Mr . Bird in the chair . Mr . Rathbone opened the question on the negative aside , followed by Messrs . Spatkhall and Main on the j same side , and Mr . Dalrymple and another on the affirmative side of the question . It was adjourned to Sunday next Mr . Cooper lectured in the evening on "the poetry of Boniifi , " to a good audience , ana gave universal satisfaction .

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      MANCHESTER—CARPENrKR ' s Hall—On Sunday last a leotnre was delivered in the above Hall , by the Rev . W . V . Jackson . Subject , "The influence of classes upon society . " South Lancashire Delegate Meeting—Tha above delegate meeting was holden on Sunday last , in the committee room , under the Carpenter ' s Hall , Manchester , when delegates were present from the following places : —viz . —Manchester , Carpenter's Hall ; Chartist Painters , Manchester : Chartist Youths , Manchester ; Rochdale ; Ashton-under-Lyne ; Staly-Bridge ; Hollinwood ; Bolton , and Mossley . Mr . C . Taylor was called upon to preside by the unanimous vote of the delegates . The minutes

      of the previous meeting were read and confirmed * The delegates then settled their financial business , after whioh the following resolutions were passed : — w That a committee be chosen to examine the accounts of the defence fund committee , aad roport at the next meeting . " "That Messrs . Dixon , Taylor , D % vies , Nuttall , and Murray , form the committee . " " That a Conference of delegates from the various localities in South Lancashire , be holden on Sunday , tho 31 st of December , in the Charter Association Room , Newport-street , Bolton , to take into consideration tne reorganisation of the South Lancashire district ; chair to be taken at ten o ' clock ia

      the forenoon . ' " That a short address emanatiag from this meeting , upon the necessity of this Confer once , be publishedijiu the Northern Star , of Saturday , the 16 th inst , and also that the Secretary send a copy of the same to each locality . " That Messrs . Taylor , Nuttall , and Dixon , do form a committee to prepare the address . " " That we the delegates of South Lancashire in delegate meeting assembled , do hereby request the various localities in this distriot , to transmit forthwith to the Executive the arrears due by them to that body . " " That the lecturers' plan be discontinued until ihe Conference . " The thanks of the meeting was then given to tha Chairman and the meeting separated .

      CARLISLE . —Public Meeting at Dalstow , near Carlisle . —On Saturday evening , Dec . 2 , a public meeting was held at this public-spirited village ; Mr . William Johnston , an old veteran reformer of thirty years' standing , was unanimouely called to the chair ; who , after briefly stating the object of the meeting , introduced Mr . Joseph Broome Hanson , of Carlisle , who addressed the meeting at great , length on the all-important subject of a repeal of the Corn Corn JUaws . He ably exposed the specious fallacies of the Leaguers , and proved beyond dispute , that no benefit would arise to the working classes from a repeal of those laws , except the repeal be accompanied by an equitable adjustment of the national and other debts . He next alluded to tha

      Government prosecutions now pending against Mr . O Conuell and his associates iu Ireland ; and contended that ample justice can only be obtained for that unhappy aud misgoverned country , through tho aid of the English people . Mr . Hanson then took a review of the progress of Chartist principles , and concluded by calling on the meeting to stand by the Charter as the only sure and safe remedy for the many social and political evils under which this once happy country now laboured . A Council was then chosen according to the New Plan of Organisation , and cards of ( membership will be delivered oa Saturday , the 9 th instant .

      Working Men ' s Mental Improvement Society . —On Sunday evening last , a meeting of the members and others took place at No . 6 , John-street , Caldewgate , at which Mr . John Lowry presided * The following question was spoken to by Mr . Henry Bowman and others : "Will the Government prosecutions of Mr . O'Connell and his associates forward or retard the progress of the Repeal of the Legislative Union between great Britain and Ireland I " Mr . Bowman made a series of observations to the effect , that prosecutions for opinions' sake never failed to create a spirit of inquiry in the human mind , whioh , if steadily pursued , would ultimately lead to the discovery of truth , and the adoption of the opinions for which individuals had suffered imprisonment , transportation , and even death . He illustrated his views of the subject by reading

      several interesting biographioal notices of the prosecutions against Bonnivard , of Geneva , the subject of Lord Byron ' s beantiful poem the " Prisoner of Chilion , " and who was shut up in tho Castle of Chillon by the Duke of Savoy , for the long period of fifteen years , after which he was liberated by tho Bernoise , who had invaded the Pays de Vaud . Bonnivard on regaining his liberty , had the pleasure of finding that Geneva was free , and had adopted the principles of the Reformation . The republic hastened to testify its gratitude for the wrongs he had suffered in her behalf . He immediately received bis citizenship , and was presented with the house formerly occupied by tho Vicar-General , and a pension of 200 gold crowns was assigned to him , Io tu 9 following year he was admitted into the Council of Two Hundred .

      " Chillon ! thy prison is a holy place , And thy sad floor an altar , for twas trod , Until hia very steps have left a trace—Worn as if thy cold pavement was a sod' By Bonnivard!—may none those marts efface I For they appeal from tyranny to God . " —Byron , One of the most memorable ^ ictims of religious intolerance ( said Mr . Bowman ) , was that of the famous and learned Spaniard , Michael Servetus . He was born in 1509 , in Arragon . He was the son of a notary , who sent him to Toulouse for the study of civil law . Excited by the discussions of Reformers in that city , he printed a tract in disparagement of the orthodox doctrine of the Trinityv in 1531 . His circumstances being depressed , he engaged

      for some time with the Frelons , booksellers of Lyons , as corrector of the press . He then went to Paris , where he studied physio . He graduated at Paris , but quarrelled with the faculty , and repaired to Charlieu , near Lyons , where he practised three years ; whence , at the instance of the Archbishop of Vienne , he removed to the latter city . Daring tho time he was in constant correspondence with Calvin * with whom he discussed points of controversy , consulting him in respect to his writings and Ariau notions . Of this confidence Calvin subsequently made a base use , by producing his letters and manuscripts as matters of accusation against him . In 1553 Servetus published his matured theological

      system , without his name ; but Calvin took care that the magistrates of Vienne should be duly informed of it , and Servetns was committed to prison , whence he contrived to escape , and thereby avoided that fate from Catholio hands which he was afterwards to suffer from those of the Reformers . Proposing to proceed to Naples , he imprudently took his way through Geneva , where Calvin induced the magistrates to arrest him on a charge of blasphemy and heresy , advanced against him by a person who had been a servant in Calvin ' s family . In order to secure his condemnation , his various writings were sifted for accusations ; and , as a proof of the malig nity and injustice which he encountered , it may be

      mentioned that one of the charges was extracted from his edition of Ptolemy ' s Geography , in which he asserted that Judea had been falsely extolled for its beauty and fertility , modern travellers having found it both sterile and unsightly . The magistrates of Geneva were , however , aware that many eyes were upon them , in respect to this extraordinary treatment of a person , who was neither a subject nor a resident ; but , properly speaking , a traveller kidnapped in his passage . They thought pr 6 pe * , therefore , io consult the magistrates ! of all the Protestant Swiss Cantons , who , referring the matter to their divine % THE LATTER UNANIMOUSLY DECLARED FOB HIS

      PUNISHMENT . As he refused to retract his opinions , therefore he was condemned to the flames , which sentence ivas carried into execution the 27 th of October , 1553 , in the forty-fourth year of his age . Servetus is numbered among the anatomists who made the nearest approach to the doctrine of the circulation of the blood . Mr . Bowman next alluded to the late author , 'James Beaumont , and pointed out his patriotic conduct before the Chamber of Peers ia France , when he denied their competency to try him . He glanced at the prosecution of Palmer , and Muir , and the rest of the glorious men who boldly

      maintaining their principles in the face of absolute power , suffered martyrdom from an illegal condemnation , and transportation to a foreign land at th « extremity of the world . He also spoke of the prosecutions of the late Thomas'Paine , William Cobbett , and others ; and concluded by alluding fc # the proseeutions of the Chartists , and of Southwell , Hardy , Home Tookey Patersoa , and others . Mr . Jehu Armstrong and Mr . James Muir-also spoke on theBame side , after Whioh , on the motion of Mr . Robert Giahame , the discussion was adjourneduntil December the 16 th , at Bis o ' tlock in the

      evening . KELSO . —The Chartiits of Kelso held their weekly meeting in Mr . Reed ' a room ; , en Saturday evening last , James Scot in the chair after some discussion , ib was moved by James Purves , and seconded by Thomas Raed , "thai oar subscription b » one penny per week , and as soon as we have funds sufficient to procure cards of membership that we join -the General AgBdciatibn . " Carried . Mr . Douglas , baker , Horse Market , ia appointed treasurer , pro tem , and Mr . Scat , moulder , Wood Market , Beoretary , pro tern ., It was likewise agreed to , that the . Northern Star be read every meeting night .

      CARRINGtfON , Near Noitikohaii—A general meeting of the G&artiBta of thisiooality was holden on Sunday eveni ^ last , vrhen Beven . persona were named as members of the General Council . Artel the transaction of other buBinesa , and a vote of confidence in , and thanks to Mr . O Connor and tha Executive , the meeting separated highly delighted with the proceedings . BRISTOL . —Mr . Clarke , of the Executive , lectured on Sunday , Dec . < th , in th * Democratic Chapel , Temple-sueet , on the Repeal of the Union . Many Irisljmen were present , who loudly cheered him . Mr . C . 8 lecture has done eouoh to remove tbe piejudica of tt » Repealers . Cards of membership were taken out by many present

      §)Timtt Mtti &Vt,

      §) timtt mtti &vt ,

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      TOTAL WRECK OF THE NELSON WOOD , ANDi LAMENTABLE LOSS OF LIFE . The intelligence of tho loss of this vessel , and the lamentable sacrifice of life , was received at Lloyd ' s late on Saturday afternoon : — : " Stamp Office , Clifden , County Galway . " Sib , —I beg leave to give yon the following melancholy account of the fate of the brig Nelson Wood ( her crew and cargo ) , of Maryport , bound from Demerara to Liverpool , 309 tons register . " She sailed from Damerira en the 18 th ult , laden with 250 tons Greenheart Umber , 180 casks of sugar , 80 casks rura , and 60 ooaks or thereabouts of Molasses . She stranded on Moson Island , on this coast , on the morning of tbe 27 th instant , at half-past twelve , a . m , and in about two bours went to pieces , and ten of the crew , including the captain , were drowned . The re- mainder of the Grew , consisting of four men , were saved by drifting on shore on a piece of . the ¦ wreck .

      " I have been tbia day on the spot where the piece of wreck and cargo came on shore , and have received these particulars from the unfortunate survivors . I fear little or none of the cargo will be saved , there being no agent for Lloyd's nearer than forty miles from this . The owner of tbe vessel was Captain William Robertson , of Maryport The shippers of the cargo ( sugar , ? ice , and melasses ) , Messrs . Marry and Brothers , Demerara ; of tbe Greenheart timber , Messrs . Ciark , Sparks , and Co ., of Tiger Creek , on tbe river Eesequibo . "Tbe names of tbe crew saved are William Maxwell , chief mate , William Bonoel , second mate , Archibald M'Furon , cook , of Scotland ; Thomas Keed , seaman . North of England .

      "The names of those drowned are William Ervin , captain ; John Wilkinson , carpenter ; Thomas Ellis , steward ; James Earn , John Fletcher , Hector M' AHlster , George Midlicote , and Wm . Cullack , seamen ; and Wm . Indeslne ( or some similar name ) and Edward , boys . ( Signed ) " Martin R . Hast . " To W . Dobsen , Esq ., Lloyd ' s ;"

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      Extraordinary Crueltv . — -We have much beBitated before making pnblio the follewing statement , really donbting whether pur readers , from the almost incredible and revolting facts it discloses , would not conclude ne were romancing and saying the thing that is not . However , we can only preface such statement

      by observing , that in giving it we put forth the truth ft 8 related to us , and from the quarter front which we have derived It , as , we have reason to believe , " the whole truth , and nothing but the truth . " For reasons unnecessary to enter upon , we do not at present disclose tbe name of the party implicated in our recital , but we shall wait to see whether , when be shall thus discover that his cruel and insensate conduct is known , it ban the effect of rousing in him a sense of Its Infamy and sbarae , and thereby induce him at once to niter it ; and , if this sbonld prove to be otherwise , we warn him that bis name shall be made public , and In a way , too , that without the possibility of mistake shall bring bring down . upon him that , full measure of reprobation and scorn he so justly

      merits : And now to our narrative , without further remark . It is some five years » n < 3 a quarter since that the individual to whom we allnde was riding a spirited young mare . Htawas . thrown , He escaped unhurt by the fan ; but , lEcensed by the circumstance , be immediately exclaimed to the poor animal , " D—n you , madam , I'll make you suffer for this ; I'll put you in solitary confinement for seven years . " These were the words actually used by him , as reported by a party who was in his eompany at tbe time ; and this threat ha has literally carried into execution to the extent of five years and a quarter , and for the great portion of that period in a manner , too , distinguished by the nest refined brutality . A three-stalled stable was selected for the solitary sell of the hapless creature . The two

      other stalls were oecspied by horses , bat the back of that allotted te her was enclosed by boarding so placed that she could net turn roand at all , nor lie down bat by the most patafaV effort , and the excoriation of her sides in the most horrid manner ' . This treatment she suffered for more than three years , until at length she effected some mitigation of her misery by kicking down the boarding at the back of her stall . It would seem that after this the abuser of the , poor creature did so far relent in his feelings of vengeance towards her , as Dot to recommit her to her Proornatean bed , but no further ) finding » ha had liberated herself fiom this , he perseveres in his sentence » f " solitary confinement , " and removes the other two horses from the stable , thus

      giving her the entire range of the buildiug in which to complete the remaining portion of her doom . Bat we have not yet related the full iniquity of this most wicked proceeding ; the ; j , ie food of the wretched animal , through winter und summer , from the commencement of her ineaworation to the present time , has been a scanty portion of grass cut by her persecntor himself [ from a neighbouring pasture , added to about half a bolting of straw for her bed ; the latter , however , we are told the poor animal first eagerly devours in preference to the cold and raw grass , so that not a shred of it is visible in the morning ; and we ate told further , also , that abont a twelvemonth since a lad in the employ of this inhuman ; man , connniserating tbe situation o ! the mare , contrived one evening to make

      Cftavttgt \ Intelligence *

      Cftavttgt \ intelligence *

      Untitled Article

      THE NORTHERN STARS \ f

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Dec. 9, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct511/page/7/