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Northern Star (1837-1852), 12th August 1843, Edition 2 of 4, Page 3, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      - ¦ ¦ ¦ - — ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦— - ¦ — T 72 OYERSAX SBOTHERHOOD . 1 STTBB XXI . TO THE * KDITO"B OP TT T XOBXHSBH SUB . Sib ^—I sh ould haTB had much pleasure in oontfrHijngmy lemarka ; an . the PxeliHuiiiy Charter , iat the times we evidently pressing I&imutl at -such a rapid jatetnwsrcts great and eventful changes , and thB Beoesnty of a aonnd and true Organliilaon of fee people to jnset . wid direct these changes to the universal good is becoming * o apparent ,, that I must for a time defer remarking upon that rioenment , all important as it is , and -devote myself to laying Ifcfore yoar leaders men EOSSestaanB-with regard to 2 te course Uiey i&mld pursee as ynH . assist them in the great business they propose to undertake , st the nest meeting of the delegates . To do this in the most effectual manner , I have placed as ilie teaming of tils letter , tiie end I Beet ; and I shall treat my subject under three distinct di-Tunnr . n . UfM I VJ 4 ± iSA ~ L _ bKQ"rtl * SKH OOT " L

      lst . 1 shall point oat the present position of the _ soclal , political , and religions « -3 Wvm of this connirr . l | a& Examine theTarionaKHiediEs that hBTe hitherto ^« M « PpoBed ,: tojaaoTBTrtuithasieen found oppres--SiTU . ^ 7 ' ; 3 rd . ShewJ&ai&Js wwiceniabanitni ns , to Introaocea ne"ir-arSeratf filings , ^ nd point out the mode in ¦ rhich this is ib be effected . With Tegard to the first part of my subject , the three divMons I hare muned social , yoEKcal , and religions , are also intimately blenfled aafl depend so much on each-other ihat IfhaH not bs -disposed to treat of them separately ^ Mt mil endeavour to lay before jon as eonrisely as possible , the leading matters "which now oocnpy the public mind , locally and generally .

      32 ie first in order , as at present the most absorbing ; is theoTiestion of Justice lor Ireland . Thi » is a subject ¦ irfcicii 1 ms hitherto ~ been treated vriHi the greatest levity ly . the ruling men of all parties ia . the state ; some haying been determined on acting in opposition to the "will o ! the people , ana fordog thBir opinions and feelings in the Jnost arbitrary nntnnp >] relying vhoBy upon the force that they were enabled to bring to enforce them ; vrhilst othera have thought by the most unygsnUy , partial , and petty measures of relief ,

      to obtain the gratitude of a Buffering and most enduring people , wMlsl they have "withheld from them nearly-all the nitilia So thnOi -they » ere « rtiaed . A new state of affairs lias however sprang up in Ireland ; and I shall in a fnture letter , point oat to That extent redrew is now proposed to be siren to them ; and tngmteii further it ahould be ranlBd . In the TpnawHTna Mr . CConnell Is so-well managing his business of leafier , that -we cannotdo better than -watch every movement he TnnjffB , and « adesTour to profit by the highly Tamable experience he u proeurisg for us .

      The next subject that I shall bring to your notice is fee state of Wales .- Prom ihe fiiferenca of language , from their isolated position , and from many other CXX 123 S , I beSfiva the pnblie gensr&liy -srere littles-ware -of the local and general grievances , under "which the agricnltmal division of the Welsh population -were labouring ; and it"was notnntQ fiebecca and her xiangh tsrs took npon themselves the administration of -what they deemed justice , that these gmance wold be at an hronght before the public -Tie * . This lady las , iowerer , thoroughly aroused public attention , and her proceedings -will be "watched -with an intense interest . There are some TemarkBinj-our paper of this day copied from the Tizsonetrapsper "which express so ferdbly the poorer of good Organization that I must again tall tha attention cf yeur Teaders to thpm , > y embodying them

      infiiialeaer"W « perceive-with ranch concern that the Rebecca disturbances shew no symptom of decrease- If or are the fresh cSreamitancas wMch are Taguely hinted at , rtiTn fn ?^ nrrr

      ^ f » fjwfwtf ^ py ^ n apprehenalniis as to the ehsratSer -which these remarkable outrages may assume . Jt 3 s more and . more beBered thai men of education are conserned in them . Tilia deriTea cooaideraile probability from tbeoDviouB skill and unity "with "which the operations of theTrioters are planned and executed , and it adds not a little to the seriousness 'with -whish they Reserve to be regarded . Without a head no Twng of the people has ererproTed permanently formidable ; private jealousy—narrowness of

      "fieTFS—BcantineEs of iniarma&on— -Umm-m ^ a—raeflnliiy — -vast of ozdez and concentration—these are pecth TiaritiCT -which genejally attend and ttiht a moTement . It is the one leader , cognisat of thepotrerand -weakness ef the classes "whom he Is opposing , and "whose Tery name brings order , arrangement , and self-reliance into the ranks , giving a definite dL-ection to therrenergies , nndezatanding their xeal fJiffir-Bltias , and stifling ihar Tnnciflai disputes for prece&ence , —it is the educated acknowledged commander -who makes that dangerous ¦ which -would otherwise be mischierous ; -who can threaten 'the "well-beinj ; of the state , instead of merely ^ i ^ tTt ^^ g a ntighbourhood , or ftTpV > rra ]! 3 - ^ 'E a « aKueL *

      Those 700 may have read the original "Wiu see that I ha . T 8 left out s few f ^ r """"* -wards ; but J thmk tiie passage as abore xeada smoother , and is store strictly tme ; bnt aB I shall haTe again to refer to this mwremEnt 'When speaking ef the Temediss proposed , I Trill only siy now , that if unity be requisite for destmefire purposes ioir Tery much more so most it be for constructing-a new order of society-: andwithont this he -done "we shall haTB napernanent redress . The -next -nrr&ter to Trisich I "will call attention as Tnn > A-iTwm ^ 5 ntAly : $ >> TfmfomiTtg condnsaTe const qneitces , is the state of the mining districts . If tho reports o ! the iron trade be anything likB correct , and of that there appears to "be scarcely a denbt ; xre have before us the prospect of a moTement-amcr ^ the miners that ¦ will not fail to strike a-we and terror into the stoutest minds "when -considered in relation to the general xfiVii-s of tie country .

      TbBSEXt snbject I shall notice , sot from its Tnrnnmn importance , but from the "rigour and activity "with - which IS has been carried into the agricultural districts , and from the leacSon -which II has there produced -wMIst opposing -what "were considered the Etrong colds of monopoly , as the Anti-Com la-wmoyement . I «* w » n Deri ^ notice , the Tapid -depression -sriiich is Soing lorffsrd nTnn-ng tha agrlenltnral interests . 5 oi some yeazB past this interest has bees so rapidly absorbing the means ef all other parties , that it h&s been deaf to -anythins like a demand for change or

      improvement . Beliering ^ fein the limited "view that agricultErists take of tbiJgs ; that the only change 'wasted to secure a erartinnaaes of the becefits thej -were obtaining , ttw a Tory GoTermnent , th ? y were , intii tbs assistance of the clergy , "wen organized , sn& eSaeted >>>« object . Experienca is , hoireTer , most rapidly oonrindng them that force and fraud cannot mneh . longer rale the desSnles of this country ; and they "will -very soon be glad to make common cause with their fellow men for the purpose of procuring that happiness now sa much needed by alL

      i fcsre ¦™* T * . 'fTt ^ - » 'Tl - *< i-. ii »* r > Ti to tils opposition t&at is i £ & to tha new Pool Ism Act . Thin measure , -when " it -was introduced , receiTed the cordial assent of all the bo called great leading Iparties of the state ; and has , perhaps , from the suffering it has produced , adr » nced the cause of human regeneration more rapidly than its ffflnXETS STTET »* J »^^^^ J > TT ^ J af ^^^> r ^ - H appears to be" tilB nalnre of man that lie » Ti * n jaiy fliitppm the road to iappines 3 throngh pain . and suffering ; and It is certain that -when the eyes of all classes iaTe been thoroughly opened to Sis great misery which this act has produced , it -will tend "most powenully to assist in derelopias ; that natural system of society , -which conld be immediately introduced , not only "without injury to any single indi-Tidsal of the human race , bat -with the greatest possi ble beae&t to erery man , iromsn , and thild , now in cxisteneB , an& with thB most rapidly progressive benefit to all fntnre generstJous .

      In church aSairs , Ireland is most justly complaining at nnaing-that the great mijorityof ha people are o ' tHigsd to tee their opinions and feelings -nlinBd ~* nd abused ; -what they consider as sacred and holy , treated as damnable and idolatrous , and themselves made to contribute largely to the support of those -who "thus speak of them . Under all circumstances , "we can only -wonder at the gnwil amount of opposition upon the » e TM t Ti BT » exhibited in the present movement . We snut , hoirever , be prepared to -witness the question of the Tjhwyjh of Ireland made one of tke chief topics la that settlement -which -will haTe to be made before jnstaee can be ilone .

      In England , besides the Tarionfl demonstrations of dissent , -we find that what is generally termed the Ckurch , is torn by She mast violent internal convulsions Tneparty named thePuseyite are exciting most strongly the alarm of the ether branche *; -and a division is arising -which "win require attention from any reforming body ; -whilst the iJafly increasing powers of the Wealeyan Methodista , arising oat of their superior Organinbon , is excifing the fears of those vho have hitherto rested satiBned -witti the emoluments they -were receiv 3 ng . and considered Wwii- power over the " |"" 1 » of the people secure and abiding .

      In Scotland , th&fabrieef the Chnreh has been rent asunder ; and repose now only takes place -whilst each party prepares itself , by an examination of ita resources , for tt » B further great and mighty struggle "which -will take place between them , if the end of these things has ^^ i ^ et arrived . We shall , in isot , in eadi < onBtry , iuve to -witeess the most destructive agencies that can ** conceived hronght into fierce and Tiolent acfion 'pffl file spirit of taiULshall afliven all hearla , and fiiPB ti the nunds of men ^ to that nniversslfountain , from * * « O ooa may immediately be made So flow in ^ WBfltttt lnrsJl . . Hsrogtaken ttblaJef and imperfed surrey of onr lnte ™ al afijjra , let ns look for a moment at some few of 001 external relations ,

      How are -we situated " with France ? Can the people oTthat eountry forget the posMon we took "with zegard lo a determination to force « n Hiem a government they " * e » averse io ? Csn Biey forget fi » e Hood and trea ^ sure thai « as expended dnong -H » long ^ period which terminated with . the battle t > f Waterloo ? Can they fiz ^ ve the - supposed national inmlHaKon tbat-was * fcwwn npen them as flie result of that contest ? or aaist -wa not rather expect "Oat these matters "will be ** sn advantage of , to minister to the personal ambiiiiJnrfaje pEea ^ j T ? ig « Twg mormT ^ ' * Ironis KiUlips t'idfenay -wiEbes to plaee his son on the thwne . of Spain bya m ^ age wifli thB young < Jneen of fliat ecnn try , Tfhich jonr xnlets wonld , if ^ possible , prevent ; * nt Xhsto is every prospecfrof bis aecomplishing his J" ^ *^ It is most ^ e&ghtluV to see that we are too ^ racioccnpieaatlieiDa to take parkin these matters ; ana that "the balance ef power in Enrope" must be pasted by twiwjmj knowing ier own position , and

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      attending to the interests of her population in connection with the general interests of humanity . ! What is the feeling of Kussia towards this country ? A reply to this question -sill be best seen ia the r ^ ralfc of every intrigue which is got up against us ; and which it is certain will d&Hy be more and more eucobss fuUy practased until we shall have embraced the standard of Truth , and unfurled the banner of universal Freedom . Until in fact we shall have made Love , and Truth , and Justice , the basis of all our actions ; individually , nationally , and generally . Then , and not till then , will there be a power in England that shall enable her to declare the universal happiness -of man ; « f + imr ! iTMT In A > Inhnuh « f V » .... 1 . U J _

      ** fl that war and misery , poverty and destitution , vies and crime , ignorance and iniquity , shall be banished for ever from among men . ; It-KGuld . be . desirable that I should proceed to ! the examinatlofflpf our relations , not only with the various countries " or ^ Europe ; but with America , and-more especially with onr vast colonies ; bnt I have already occupied too much space to enable me to do this .- If yonr readers will themselves reflect seriously npon what I have said , and will take all other countries separately , and examine the position in which England stands with them , they will find much the same results . i

      At present all is confusion and discord ; and unless some broad and comprehensive measures be adopted , these "will soon degenerate into riot and anarchy , land a state of things will be presented to our view such as the mind shudders to contemplate . f In my next letter , I shall have to begin an examination of tho various remedies that have kitherto been proposed to remove what has been fonnd oppressive ; that we may see whether they 2 re adequate to their purpose , or whether any improper obstruction j has keen given to their being adopted ; as it must be evident to all that np to this period matters have been rapidly getting worse and worse . I am , Sir , yonr obedient Servant , William Galpin . Concordinm , Ham Common , Surrey . July 29 , 1843 .

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      THE NATIONAL BENEFIT SOCIETY TH 2 PATJXTS , rKEFICIE > "CT , AND CO ? fSEQTTENT INSTABILITY OP EX 1 ST 1 SG TBADE AKD BBKEPIT SOCi-JETIiS , DEB LAKD MAfiXS FOB FDTOBB OPKBXX 1 OSS . ' - ¦ TO THE CHJLRTIST PTJBUC . Dependant Brothers , who should and would be independent . —Our numerous struggles and attempts to rid ourselves of tha might ; weight of adverse cvrcnmstaiices that press ns down , and baffle our praiseworthy exeriiu 3 s to live and elevat ? ourselves and order have hitherto failed ; not because we did not possess the power to remove the burden , but because we did not possess the amount of knowledge necessary to wield that power aright . " The most important of the plans adopted by the working class to stay the encroachments of the master class , the vendor class , the lauaed class , the monied

      class , the government class , and all other monopolists , extortioners , and oppressors , on their rights , liberties , and personal property , i . e . their labour , has been Trade , Benefit , and Political Sedeties . All these societies , though good hi themselves , and the very sort necessary to the accomplishment of the objects sought after , have never been established npon a snScienfly wide basis ; have ne ? er grappled bo extensively with the -wide spread ev 2 asfwas necessary ; and therefore they-have failed in tJf-cting the object sought for , through the ignorance in which caste , class , ana party-jjovernment hath deemed it wise to keep our order . Bnt that ; is no reason why the dlyecls should not be accomplished fey better plans and better machinerv .

      Improvement is the order of the day ; ana , whilst the arts of war and peace are being improved daily and "hourly , Eurely the machinery of Associations ; that have for their object the happiness of the human race , by making the arts of war but children ' s harmless toys , and those of peace the blessings of human Creators , will not be allowed to remain in the state of " blissful ignorance" our forefathers left it ! These societies , as at present constituted , offer no adequate relief to the -wants of the -working man , nor sufficient guarantee that they will be able to pay the sums they promise in ease of need . There is no

      certainly of their continuance , until their first member becomes an old man , or of their ability to defray the expencs of his funeral The average duration of the present constituted Benefit Societies is ttvrty years Some have not lasted five . Breafes-np are by no means uncommon , when the money is divided sometimes very unfairly . Tie individuals getting it soon spend it ; and all the sought for benefits are lost This breaking up is generally occasioned by a fear on the part of the members that the society will be drained by the sickness demands on its funds ; and that ; when they come to be ill , there will be nothing for them .

      la xnest instances this fear of the members respecting their future prospects , is bat too well fonndei And if they will but go into the question , and investigate the principles on which most Benefit Societies ara founded , they will fee that decay is certain after a certain ape ; and that he who comes List on to the "box" will be worstofE In most cases the only dependence of such socdetias is upon fha subscriptions of the members , and about SA or 5 per cent , on their funds placed in some bank ! which latter income does not pay the officers for managing iheir affair * . Things go on pretty comfortably for a few years , if they keep the body together . Every member beasts * what a good society his is ? j how c much money they have in the box * ' ; *• no one on the

      fnTti ^ n so many months ; so ; only a lyingsin ; the stock ib rapidly increasing . " All goes on * wimmingly . A lot of members is proposed every ineeting night . Well , time wears on . The club is getting old . Ptrople don ' t think so much about it now . . Others have been started , promising greater bentfits . There has been a sort of competition in clubs . The old club begins to look down . Sick members increase ; the cask is going out faster than it ever cams in ! A few very old members are ail that are now ltft ; and these meet from habit every club night , to pnll long faces at each other , an j brood aver an Empty exchequer . Of sickness they think not ; they are too hardy ; but occasionally hints are given that * ' if one of us was to die , there would not be enough to bury him . * ' At last" fear * ' operates , and a division of tfoft thh&s Is ^ ffrfffrp *^

      -Such is LnL too often the history and end of crabs as at present conducted . And the yenng men seldom attempt to redeem them from their downwards " sliding scale . " Whtn there are a great number of old members in a club , xha young avoid them , and join the " young clubs " which yonn - o-es come to the same old end I ' Some societies , in order to spare their funds , have recourse to levies , in case of deaths , ^ births , arc Thw is nasnited to the poverty of tlio -workiDg-clxss ^ Bumbt * S of wliora can scares ' y raise the money to pay their monthly contributions . In a club "where levies axe made oa contingent occasions , a member never knows what his subscriptions lasy be ; and he is kept in doubt whether he will not , some time or other , be obliged by Ms poverty and tbs increase of le-nes to leave the tin ** , and fu ' eit all ha has paid , through inability to meet the rciuerous demands .

      A working man needs assistance as muck when he is out of employ , through " depression of trade , " or any other cause over -which he >»»« no controul , sa when sick ; for in sickness he may stand a chance in most towns of getting into an hospital or an infirmary ; but ¦ shan out of employ ins may tramp from town to town , from hostile to battUe , from magistrate to overseer , and overseer to magistrate , until he sinks by the way , and perishes of want ! Trade societies fail from similar causes ; but their importance demand a whole chapter in order to do them justice . trMch 1 will perhaps essay in my next . ¦

      Politicians and political societies , whilst they have complained that the other societies do not sufficiently grapple with all the evils under which the working classes groan , have never attempted the work themselves . They hava satisfied themselves with what they deem "the one thing needful : * ' that it was < enlynecessary to battle with the political monopolist for political power ; tuA seeing thai the " »™ y draws their attention to only one point of the ramparts , whilst the army of monopoly is every where , and all round the walls . Hoping my humble endeavours will do tha good I desire , I remain yours , in the cause of union , Gjlacchds .

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      PABDISE WITHIN THE BEACH OF ALIr MEN , WITHOUT LABOUR , BY POWiB OF NATURE AND MACHINERY . Lbttex IIL TO THE EDITOE OF THE KOETHERM STAB . DE . AB Sib . —What is the destiny of man ? . Why was he created and placed npon this earth , and what function was assigned him by the Creator j in the universal scale of existence ? Was it to ravage and devastate his mother earth ? Was it to wage " war against bis brother ? Was it to live in hatred and contention with Ms fellow-mac ? Was it to pine away his -existence in factories , filthy wcrkshopB and mines , or to work aB a slave in cotton and sugar fields under the Dnming rays of an Equatorial sun ? Is it his destiny to be

      so degraded by toil and vexations that the only place of pleasure and rest he knows of is the misery-retailing gin palace and beerhouse ? Is it a fit occupation for an immerts ! spirit to earry hilcks on his back to the top of a house ? No : a thousand times nol Man is [ created in the image of God ; he partakes by divine mercy of his very spirit ; he is made Irf > rd over all the eartii His function is to be overseer of the globe ; to use the . powers of nature , and divert them , by his [ mental power , to cultivate and embelHih Its surface ; to deve-Iojbb its EiitenalissoiirceB ; to fertilize its deserts , and drain its Ewamps and morasses . He is created to live in

      peace and friendship with bis fellow-man ; to extend his knowledge and perceptions of the "varied creations that surround him ; to taste the pleasures of communicating and associating with minds who have the same attracdene , feelings , and oigeets ; to enjoy . the divinest giftman has received—love : that gift which points to the gates of Heaven ' s own blissf al region , wkeia all is love , love unbounded and unutterable , andj which passeta the power of thB-humsin mind to conceive ; for the centre , the focus of all love is God himselfc Such , in a few words , is the terestial desSny of man , or the practical function assigned him by th « divinity in creating and placing nisi on the earli .

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      If we compare the jrceent existence of man with what it can and ought to be , onr hearts most bleed , and our inmost nature hi U 8 t impel us to seareh for the cause of this perversion , of this degradation of man ' s own nature , of this variety ] of vice , crime , and outrage . And fiift cause is no other than blindness and stupidity . Blindness which senders no to see the real nleasnreB , riches , and powers qfjnature ; and stupidity which makes us unable to app ropriate these powers and riches for onr own use . High " and low are * nilty of these crimes . They join collectively in the erroneous notion to believe that the people want work ; that man ought to work ; that his physical powers , which are sxactty in proportion to the length of time he ought to live , should be used to dig j the ground , saw wood , carry t » _ . . ^ ¦ ... .. L

      br ickBj && , by which life is necessarily cut short . The people do not vocmt tnrje . Work is not the end , it-is only ibexaeans at present , for want of knowing better means . The end is provisions , happiness the satisfaction Of all our rational desires . It is an insnlt to common sense , and to the nation , to hear a Duke of Wellington declare in ; parliament , " all that the people want is work . " Did he ] ever " want to work " in the same manner aB he thi | is : « the people ought to work ? No ; he and every one who can do without work ; every one who can get provisions and the satisfaction of his desires , "Without digiing and slaving for it , jlo so . The burden of work must therefore be doable heavy upon

      those who are so unfortunate as to be compelled to work ; and the dread of work , in the minds of the sscalled higher classes , is the cause of a wrong and unjust distribution of wealth , ' and of the various forms of oppression and slavery under which the people now suffer . It wonld take too long to enter into the question of the present distribution of wealth . Besides , political economy , based npon repugnant labour , and the consegnent scantiness of products , is not my province . I know that it is impossible to create peace and happiness , and good -will among men j I know that it i » vain to expect general refinement , and a higher elevation of the mind , when men are worn out with the malntainance

      of themselves and those dear to them ; when they are harassed by their daily insfgniflcant labour , and in constant want , or fear of want , for their shattered health and impaired bodily powers . All the necessaries of life most be ina ^ e to be sa plentiful and as cheap as water is on the borders of a sweet xiver . Then all the artificial differences between man and man will cease , and only the natural imd legitimate differences of a more or less elevated mind ; of more or less tastes , desires , and passions ;; of a more or less extensive knowledge of good , pleasant , and useful things will exist among men . Labour , in the present signification of the word , that is , repugnant , forced prodnction , will

      cease , and the most refined pleasure in producing wealth without bounds , throngh the powers of our mind , clothed with the powers of nature , will be substituted for the feeble physical powers of man . Maa will then remove swampa and deseita from , the surface of the globe , cure the deceased and much neglected body of our mother earth , banish sickness front among men , in fact , create , by pleasant attractive industry , a paradise "ffkere labour is unknown . I am , Sir , your obidient Servant , C . T . Stollmeyer , No . 3 , Northampton Terrace , City Koad , London , . Aucust Is * . 1843 .

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      TO THE EDITOB . OP THE NOHTHEItN STAR . Queen ' s Prison , London , A . ug . 8 th , 1843 . Sis ., —I happened to fall in with the folio-wing speech delivered from the hustings hi Westminster Hall , on the 6 th of April 1780 , by Charles Turner , Esq ., M . P . for tha city of York ; and , as it is a straightforward , manly , avowal of onr ^ principles , I have no doubt its perusal will afford great pleasure , and instruction to your numerous readers . I am , "year ' s truly , George White .

      " I feel a great satisfaction in addressing so numerous and respectable a body of my countrymen that cann « t be animated by a slavish mind . I havo ever opposed the torrent of corruption , and the inroads of arbitrary power ; and though I have been unsuccessful , yet , with your assistance , I will fight and conquer . Corruption and tyranny can never stand against the virtuous efforts of a free people . Be firm , be reaolute , and unanimous . Assert your birthright . Annual Parliaments , and an Equal Representation , are privileges inherent in the constitution ; bat if you do not think yourselves free with obtaining

      that object , you have a right to insist en what Government you pltase . Laws were made for the governed , not the governors—and all government ? orignate -with the people . If you choose to be slaves , you may submit to an unlimited monarchy , or an oppressive aristocracy . If you wish to be free , yon have a right to insist on a democracy , or , yon have a right to form a Republic . Dont talk to me of the power cf Parliament , or the power of the Crown . ' All power originates with yourselves ; and if the Crown , or the Parliament , abuBe that power yon have invested them witb , yon have a right to re-assume it .

      You are the Lords of the Creation , not the slaves of power . You are onr masters ; and we are only your servants , delegated , and employed by you to do your business ; and till yon pay yonr servants , as was anciently the custom , they will never act to your advantage . If yon donofcjpjay them the Crown will ; and then they become the servants of tho Crown , and no longer tbeaervanta of the people . An hoceet man can have no interest but that of bis country in com | bg to Parliament . And if he sacrifice his ease and retirement to

      the duty of a senator , his expences at least ought to be reimbursed by Ms country . You now pay your members with a vengeance for enslaving you and picking your pockets ; bnt if . you \» oukl onca pay them youreti-yes , you wouH-no iongex complain of oppression . Aci with spirit and resolution . Insist upon your privileges , and I will meet you at Bunnymede . I lovo the poor—I divide my fortune with them ; and . I will die with them . The ^ poor man ' s labour is the rich man ' s wealth , and witjjjjit ybur toil a kingdom would be worth nothing- WhiSrI am free yon never shall be . slaves God bless the people . "

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      THE POLITICAL VICTIMS AND THEIR RELIEF FUND . TO THE CHARTISTS OF GREAT BRITAIN . Mt Friends—I direct your earnest attention to the subjoined communication which has been addressed to me as the Treasurer of the " Political Tictim Fund" : — ( COPY . ) " Kirkdale Gaol , August 3 rd , IS 43 . " Esteemed Sir—We embrac 9 this opportunity of writing to you , relative to a fnnd which we understand >*!¦«¦ been rai » tjd totyards relie-sfejx tho 3 e who bad the misfoEtune to bfi imprisoned through tbs lamentable outbreaks of August last , and of -which f and we believe you to bd the Treasurer . : The reason of our writing to you on the present occaaon is , that en the 24 : h of thia lEoalh sixteen of those who were convicted at the Special Aissza , PiesLon . are lenvirg thia gaol , as the term

      of their imprisonment will have expired . Likewise on the 9 th October fifty nine of those who were convicted at the Special Commission held at Liverpool , will have served their time ; and as all these men and tbeir families are in a most deplorable condition , and they themselves are in a very debilitated state , and as the county allowance is not sufficient to carry them home , and as these men will not Le able to resume their employment til they should hare any ) for sonic time after their liberation , —e hope y > u will be kind enough to exert yourself in their behalf , and , if possible , send them something tewards defraying their exptnees home , and allowing tfccm a small trifle to subsist upon for a few days . The mnns and residence of each i ndividual can be furnished if required .

      " Sincerely hoping yon will attend to this most important duty , and -waiting your kind reply to this letter , we subscribe ourselves , on behalf of our fellow political prisoners . " Tours truly , "Isaac Hoyle , " James Williams . " London , August 7 th , 1843 . " Most sincerely dp I sympathise with the hapless condition of your fellow-suffevers , and their respective families , as communicated by your letter of the 3 rd inst You do indeed state more than sufficient to induce in me the ntnrest anxiety to perform " the most important duty ' which you have very properly required at my hands , as the accredited Treasurer of the " Political Yictim Fund" -T-namely , that of exerting myself on behalf of the seventy-five individuals who are shortly to be released front their present unjust and most cruel incarceration .

      "Previons , however , to my bfcing eDabled to effect anything in this matter , it is ueeessary that yon should supply me with more explicit information than is contained in youi letter . When I intimate that the fund at present in band scarcely exceeds £ 30 , you will at once perceive how inadequate it is for relieving so numerous a body of claimants as you represent ; and when to this I add that it is , to say the least , questionable whether the subscribers to- that fnnd wonld justify its disbursement to other than persons known as Chartists previous to their imprisonment , you will further perceive the absolute necessity imposed upon me of making the fullest inquiry into each individual case .

      *• To enable you the more readily to communicate the desired details , I would suggest the propriety of your adopting a form , setting forth the name of the victim , how long imprisoned , previous employment , number of family , circumstances , residences , known or not as a Chartist , and reference given to some one in Uie neighbourhood to whom further application might be made . This return , when JflUed np , should be immediately transmitted to me , and I will tben confer with those who are equally-anxious as I am that every claim which justice and humanity can make upon the Chartist body should be—as far as possible—discharged without an hour's - unnecessary delay . " You will , of course , adopt a similar plan as respects the fifty-nine convicted at the Sp ? cial Commission , Li « verpool , and which will form Bsturn No . 2 .

      " I would particularly impress upon you the necessity of making the ? reference column' as explicit * 3 possible , by giving the proper address of the Chartist Secretary , Lecturer , or Councilman , residing in tha claimanf s locality previous to Mb arrest .

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      ^ uttas&i&Bszz > " I am , yours , truly , •¦ M «* n . « S ajh ., aj > ^* SJSJ , ™ - ssiS' ^^ SSi ^ a ^ 'Aiain , ^ from yonr "Political Victim Fund . " I beseech yon rt , " * £ !?*! £ Yo « »» w not yet performed * L % n ^ X ^ J } Cihaa haTe a >* A ^ demand from you , as . Chartists , and an n « -nft »« a , i ™ * t 7 enet the n nruk > . ' .

      J ^ oTah ^ % \ ™> Ascribed to Fand W £ ^ 1 » w do ne . Yoa have not formed yonr iTiSv , ^ eVMy town ' Yva have no 6 8 Ought out the Victims-ascertained the number of families » V ^ Znl £ , l > iU , twt BUPPliedrany Information . Chartism ? l ? 8 " fa mStl * ma toremaln on I will not add more , than that I am prepared to cossms aasSBftr * - - * ¦—• I am , ^ eur Friend and Fellsw Chartist . 1 , Shoe Line , ljl e **«* *»» Ouuv * London , August 8 th , 1843 .

      I mast further direct your attention to the reply which I transmitted to Messrs . Hoyte and WlllfaL . You will perceive that I there refer to a question whioh youdoneican satisfactorily solve , and which , injustice to the Vietimfe , you ought to answer quickly , viz . ; whether other than recognized members of the Chartist body , or their families , are entitled to claim relief from a fund to which none but Chartists have subscribed ?

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      TO THE EDITOR OP THE NORTHERN STAR . Failaworth , Aug . 2 , 1843 . Sib ., —The Tuesday , after the publication of my letter relative to Andrew Smith ' s-family ,. * I received a note from the Clerk [ of the Manchester Uiion requesting me to meet the Guardians on the following day , as they wished to inquire into the case . I consequently went . The Chairman opened the proceedings by asking the relieving officer if the statements in nay letter were correct . The answer was that the letter waa entirely false . The latter gentleman then stated that Andrew Smith received 7 a . the first week , in two separate sums—three shillings the first , and in throe or four days four shillings ; and on the 6 th of July five shillings ; afterwards two shillings ; and sixpence , and te $ shillings . The medical officer then gave bis evidence , and when he had ceised speaking , I requested the Chairman to read my letter that the ( guardians might be better able to appreciate what I was going to say ; but lie refused , alleging that they had heard it read . I then called their

      attention to an assertion which the Relieving Officer bad jost made , vizi that my letter wag entirely false , and proceeded to show frcm . his own statements that the letter was correct ; that the appearance of error arose from tho fact , that the oldest girl had been ill five or six days previous to the receipt of the three shillingsconsequently throwing the four shillings into the second week . " It appears evident that thia family , although in a , moat wretched condition , were left to the cold sympathy of * aifew friends daring the Whole of a fortnight . " Is this an exaggerated statement ? By the relieving officer ' s own account , three weeks , at least , elapsed from thel receipt of the four shillings to that of the five . When I bad finished tny remarks on the

      evidence of the Relieving Officer , and had just begun to draw the attention of the Guardians to tax assertion made by the inedical attendant , " that there was no sickness in the house for a fortnight after tbe receipt of the four shillings , " with an intention to prove its falsity by shoeing that Mary , the subject ^ f the inquest , became ill the third week , the medical attendant interrupted me with a long explanation , aud the Chairman allowed him quietly to proceed . I complained of such interruption as unfair , and was immediately answered by the Chairman , " that he bad a ; right to explain . " From tbe termination of Mr . Thornley ' 8 explanation to the time I left the mom , I was scarcely allowed to utter a sentence without being interrupted with a question from one or another .

      I -will now proceed to give nearly the whole of a letter on this subject written by Mr . Gardener , Clerk to the Union , and published in the Mancliester Guardian of tke 29 th ult After mentioning the day I met the Guardians , he states that full inquiry was made into the case of Andrew Smith , with the following results : — Mr . Brown } in hia letter bearing date the 19 th July , fixes the period of the matter about which he appears to make complaint , stating " six weeks ago . " This would be 7 th June . On reference to the relief books , I find that on the week to which this date refers , the relieving officers gave this family seven shillings in two

      payments of three shillings and four shillings , on application of the ; pauper ( a Very pleasant term trnly- ^ I wonder if Mr ] Gardener grill call the Duke of Cambridge and his daughter paupers ?) who was directed to attend the board meeting of the following week . On Wed . nesday , the 14 th of June , ho was called on , but did not answer , and the Guardians left an order for the admission at the family into the workhouse , in consideration , as Mr . Brown says , that cleanliness was one of the requisites absolutely necessary for tUe family , as well as they would have better care and attention than they could possibly in any other way . Andrew Smith refused the order , using violent language to the Guardians .

      No furuier 'application was made by the family , pr on their behalf , for assistance of any kind to the Relieving Officer , till he heard by chance , on one of his rounds in the execution of his duty on the Gth July , that Smith's cbild had had an accident ( this scratch with the stone must be mode to appear of great importance—why not say had caught the scarlet fever ?) and was in a bad state ; upon -which he sent five shillings relief to them by tbe medical officer , bis informant The man bad also two shillings and sixpence additional relief on the 10 th of July , when he was d ^ sirpd to attend tbe board meeting on the following Wednesday , the 12 th instant On the hearing of tha case tbat day , the Guardians ordered ten shillings per week , whilst the case remained in its then state .

      In the last paragraph Mr . Gardiner does not draw a correct inference from my language when before the Guardians , but endeavours to free them pd their officers in a side-way manner . He says , "at the investigation , Mr . Peter Brown stated that he never intended to make any charge against the Guardians or their officers ; but as it appeared in his letter , as well as your editorial remarks , that its tendency was to reflect blame on the Guatdians , an explanation seemed called for . " Now I distinctly stated to the Guarding that I had confined mysely to a narration of what I considered factsj in order to corroborate tha statements in the latter part of the letter , and I moreover asserted that at the time I wrotej my former letter I had nn idea that outdoor relief was refused through an impression that

      Andrew Smith ' s friends would not allow him to enter -the poorhouse ; and I even aakod what were the motived fpr refusing out-door relief , and instead of receiving a civil reply , 1 was answered by one or more of tho Guardians— " they did not fiifc there to answer questions , " or aorue such insolent remark . I then gave them to understand that according to niy view of the New Poor Law , parents and children could alone be called upon to support each other—and was immediately answered " Were they to ait there to hear the law explained ? ' When having the room , I told tho Chairman and the Board , that I considered they had taken a partial view of the subject , on hearing which a Guardian called out— " is the Board to sit here to be insulted ? " I answered that I had a right to express my sentiments .

      Allow me to do an act of justice in saying that onehalf , I think , or the major part of the Guardians were silent the whole tiuie . Even allowing Mr . Gardiner'a statement as to my intention tolbe correct , what has that to do with the matter ? If ja number of conjoined facts naturally lead to certain inferences , then it follows , that if the statementa in my letter be true , the inferences must be legitimate . > Mr . Gardener admits that the tendency of tbe letter was to refleot blame on the Guardians . The tendency of what ? of a number of statements . Then if the statemanls prove true , the tendency must of necessity remain . ¦;

      Now as the Relieving Officer stated that my letter was -entirelyf false , I call upou him , and the Guardians to back him , to prove that statement ; and further I challenge any one to prove that I have made a single false assertion . I am always particularly careful to assert nothing but what I can prove . I am not aware that any statement in iny letter has been proved untrue ; excepting the omission of two and sixpence , and that was paid after the five shillings ; That omission , I am willing to take upon my own shoulders . My wife says , that Andrew Smith , my informant , told me of it ; and , I say that I either did not hear him or forgot it But have I made a false assertion then ? Have I made an assertion as to any money emanating from the Baard ? No , I merely said "I am told" so and bo .

      But when I met the Guardians , what were our relative situations ? I received , from the Clerk of the Union a note couched in blind language , intimating tbat the Guardians wished to see me relative to Andrew Smith ' s case as " they were always anxious that the wants and necessities pf the P <»* under their care should haveevery attention that thfclr eases mayxequhe . " Now wh » t did I appear there for?—as an accuser ? I had accused them of nothing . I conceive that I appeared there to give them what information I had upon the subject ; and if the atateinents proved true , te endeavour tip aacertain what wera tho motives wmch actuated them ; consequently I had a right to ask questions . '

      Mr . Gardiner assigns as the reason for refusing out-door relief that the wants cf the family would be better attended to in the poor-house . That this was the motive , I cannot believe ; for , in my opinion , it lesulted from an impression on the Biinda of the relieving officer and guardians that Andrew Smith ' a friends would assist him , and prevent the necessity of his enteringjthe poor house . The order for ten shillings a week was made on the 12 th of July , when the relieving officer had strong reason to think that the family had been for a J considerable time in a state bordering-on starvation .

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      Nancy , whom I noticed in my former letter aa being dangerously ill , died a few days after its publicity ; making the third death in a family of five within one month . I It was not my intention at first to give my Informants name , but as a letter appeared in last Saturday ' s Guardian signed Andrew Smith militating against the veracity of one or more of my [ statements , I felt oiled upon to do so . That letter has resulted , in my opinion , from family pride . That pride I neither do nor ever did wish to wound ; but allow me to add , notwithstanding aji that has or may be said , Andrew Smith was in a very pitiable situation—nor do I , by saying so much , mean to infer ] blame to the relatives , all of whom with one exception , 1 believe , have families

      of their own , and yet I dare say have afforded Andrew assistance during tha last two } years ; therefore I infer , that It the Poor Law officers refused outdoor relief through an idea that the relatives would relieve , they had no right to do so . I Mr . Gardener states that Andrew Smith was directed to meet the Guardians on Wednesday , the 14 th of June . The latter says that to the best of his knowledge he never receivd such a communication , nor does he recollect using language that ought to be termed -violent I can readily believe judging from what I myself have seen , that firm , but yet respectful language , may by some of theJMancheatfli Guasdiaua be deemed violent and insolent . !

      I am , Sir , yours , &c , Peteb . Beown , Burgeon .

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      Thkloss of the f egasux . —Holy Island , zv . ua . 4 . —Another of the unfortunate sufferers by the Pegasus was picked up by the steamer Vesta ( from Newcastle to Leith ) , and pat on shore at Holy Island . He i ? in the fatiguo dress of the 96 th Regiment , but so disfigured as to render his identification impossible . ' Oa his person was found £ 3 3 i ( TdiR silver , and threepence in copper . The l » ody bas not been stripped , or otherwise Iiisnama would probably be found on tome part of his dress ? but being ia such a state of decomposition , renders that operation almost impossible . Ho was found floating within a few yards of the sunken vessel , and was evidently

      disturbed by the operations of the divere yesterday . The unfortunate Mr . Aird wa . 3 coffined to day , and the Coroner has been sent to , but from the unfortunate circumstance of Holy Island being in the county Durham , without a post , rendere his arrival uncertain . The inquest ( when held ) will be the means of clicking the tacts connected with this unfortunate transaction , which appears to be enveloped in total darkness at present . Mr . Aird was fonnd with a piece of wood across his body , which prevented hia rising to tho surface ; and no doubt a number of other bodies will soon be found , the divers' ^ impression beiug that a number are krpt down by the mattresses , &c , whioh are strewed about the cabin .

      The Largesc bell evbb cast in England . — Yesterday an immense bell , tho largest ever cast in Kngland , weighing no less than 7 tons 11 cwt . 2 qrs . and 121 b , was Bhipped on board tbe Lady Seaton , bound to Montreal , and lying on the Brandy-quay , London-dock . This splendid bell , which is intended for the new Roman Cathedral at Montreal , was cast at the foundry of Messrs . Mears and Sons , Whitechapel , and has attracted , sines it has been finished , the attention of a vast number . Ft is heavier than the Great Tom of Linooln by 32 cwt . The price is upwards of £ 1 , 200 .

      A Barrister Posed . —At the late Limerick assizes ' , a witness of the •* lowsr classes" was crogsexamined by Mr . Bennett , Queen ' s Counsel , whea the following dialogue took place : —Counsel . —Why do you hesitate to answer me ; you look at * mo * as ii I was a rogue ! Witness , —To be sure I do . — ( laughter ) . Counsel . —Upon your oath do you think me-a rogue \ Witness . — 'Pon my oath I don ' t think you ' re an honest man —( continued laughter ) . Counsel . —You swear that on your oath ! Witness . —I do , to be sure ; and what else could I think \ Counsel—Now , why do youthinkBSo ! Witness . —Why , because you ' re doing your beBt to make me perjure mjself ,

      Cfcarttet Semenftpfttt.

      Cfcarttet SEmenftpfttt .

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      NEWCASTLE . —Mr . Kydd lectured in the Chartist Hall , Goat Inn , Cloth-market , on Sunday evening , Mr . Embleton in the chair . His subject was"The . past and present state of Society , with Ito future prospects . " Mr . Kydd commenced by tracing society to its origin , and showed the comparative happiness which the people enjoyed in their natural state to what they now do in a state of "high civilization . * England was allowed to be one of the most civilized nations in the world ; jet , he contended , that no country in the world presented a greater amount of misery than she did . On the one side was boundless wealth—the supposed property of its present possessors ; on the other was increasing misery and

      wretchedness , the sure lot of the producing ; classes . This followed on the principle of cause and effect . The wretchedness existing was the result of up-heaped wealth . All meu on the face of the eattb , whether willing or unwilling idlers , must be supported ; and the labourer mast support them . Now it follows , that if the labourer is cast out of employment , he becomes a burthen to society . The present system was throwing thousands out of employment every week , and their places were supplied by machinery , which , in point of fact , pays no taxes ; consequently the nnwilling idlers would-fail back upon the monopolist ; property would depreciate in value ; local taxes would be increased ; and the ignorance and cupidity of the middle classes would destroy themselves . The regeneration of England

      was a question of time . It -was simply bow long Would the present system totter on the brink of dissolution . beforo It tumbled about the ears of its supporters ? He ( Mr . K | was often told that this was Christian England ? If so , it required a microscopic oye to discover infidelity—it was no where to be found . Churchman and Diesenter declared Christianity to be based upon the principle of " liva and let live . " It was so in theory ; but the jarring interests at present existing prevented an honest may from enjoying the common necessaries of life . Indeed this country acted or . the principle of " eat and be eaten . " That is the practical foundation , aud it is a practice which affects the masses . But did the present House of Commons purpose to change the grinding system , and make the

      interests of all classes v ? orfc more harmoniously together ? Nothing of the sort ! Lord John Russell and Sir Robert Peel amused the House of Commons by speeches proving how incapable Whigr or Tory Ministries were to govern the people . " Finality John , " on Friday night , in his speech on the state of the country , proved the existence of s finality Bob in England , and taunted Sir Robert to his teeth with tbe failure ef the Ministry to carry the educational measures of the Factory Bill . The fact Was , that the Government were easily persuaded to abandon anything that was good . Tha Factory Bill was too good a bill to be carried against a facUouB opposition . Not bo with an Irish Araa ' BUI . It was a bad bill ; and , as a matter of course , was carried at all hazirds . tord John told Sir Robert

      that he bad it In his power to silence tbe Repeal agitation by inducing the Irish people to believe that the Government would do them jusrice . This was an open avowal ef the old Whig policy of making professions which they never designed to perform ; but it was no go .. Tho people looked at the distinctions of Waig and Tory in their real colours , and heartily joined in the cliorus of tbe good old English ballad " Tantarara , rogues all , rogues all ; Tantarara , roguw all . " Mr . K . went on in a similar strain , for an hour and a half , and concluded by proving the Charter to be the only means whereby the accursed system could be changed ; and urged upon the auditory the propriety of Uniting for the acquirement of that glorious object . A vote of thanks having been tendered to Mr . K . for bis able lecture , the meeting dissolved .

      Mr , George Jolian H ^ eney lectured the Chartists' Hall according to announcement , on Monday evening at eight o ' clock . Mr . H . ia a very able man * ner , showed the many schemes resorted ta by the would-be philanthropists of the day to remove tbe evils so fearfully felt by all useful classes of the community ; and proved to the satisfaction of all present , that a repeal of the Corn Lava would not remove the existing distress 1 . Unless it was accompanied by a regular adjustment of the whole rotten system it would be-a . great curse to the working classes . Mr . H . quoted an account of the importation of foreign manufactures into England for the six months after Sir Robert's tariff became law , clearly showing that although Sir Robert Fed did not go the whole host for " Ftee Trade ; " he went fat

      enough to let the people see experimentally that if work was performed on the continent , that the working men of England were deprived of it ; and so long as they had twenty-seven millions to pay annually iu the shape of interest to a national debt , and so many dronea to support in affluence from the fruits of their toil , Britons could never be expeoted to compete with nations comparatively " free" from such u curse . If such is the effect of Sir Robert ' s sample , Englishmen ' s work done elsewhere , and they left to starve , what would the sack be ? The most illiterate may guesB that if the Anti-Gorn-Law League had tbeir desires to-morrow , the working classes would be left to starve the next day . They , base class , have no kindred feeling with the masses . It is contrary to

      their practice of accumulating wealth . Their aim ia to procure as much labour as possible for as little wages as possible . The interest of working men is the reverse . The philanthropic Mr . Cobden , who assays to devote his whole attention to the bantflt of tha working men , has not contradicted a statement Which publicly charged him with reducing his , ealieo printers twopence in the shilling * If the middle classes really wanted to do good to the working classes and to themselves effectually , let them unite in one bond of union for the acquirement of the Charter . ; and if the industrious classes were once protected in their labour by means of the Charter , they would soon show their willingness to repeal not only the Cora Laws but every other law which might prove a dead weight

      upon the prosperity of all classes of society , Mr . H . next alluded to the forthcoming Conference to be held at Birmingham on the 6 th of September , and urged upon the men ot Newcastle the propriety of examining for themselves the several Plans of Organization suggested for the consideration of the delegates on that occasion ; and as ranch depended upon the conclusion which might be come to there , he hoped they would give such instructions to their delegates as would enable them to re-organiza the Chartist body and enable then ) to hold that position ia flocietaf which they held in Newcastle , in 1839 . After Mr . H . sat down , Mr . James Frezer moved , and Mr . Cockbum seconded , the following resolution , which was unanimously agreed to ;— " That in the opinion of this meeting a committee of seven should be now appointed to scrutinize the various plans suggested by the friends of the . ptople for tbe re-organizitioa of the Chartists of Great Britain , and otherwisa make the

      necessary amngementa for the opinions of the Chartists of Newcastle being fully represented in the forthcoming Convention . " Mr . Wm . Fleming moved the following , which was ably seconded by Mr . Harney and agreed to ¦ unanimously— " That in the opinion of this meeting a committee of five be now appointed to use their utmost in procuring funds in this district for the support Of such of our fellow-men as may be suffer ing pecuniary embarrassment for the sake of principleto see that such funds be duly remitted to the General Treasurer , and be . regularly announced in tbe columns of the Northern Star . " Messrs . Frszer , Smith , Uahei , Reining , Livingstone , Embleton , Ramsay , and Sinclair wore appointed to examine the different plans of Organization . A vote of thanks was then tendered t * Mr ; Harney for the able manner la which he had advocated the cause of Chartism in his lecture tbat evening ; and aft « r a few words in reply from Mr . H . the meeting was dissolved .

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      Lamentable Suicide—jon Wednesday last , the town of Louth was thrown into a state of excitement to which , happily , it has long lieen a stranger , in consequence of a young gentleman , about 18 years of ace , having commiteed suicide by taking poison . The deceased was being brought up for the surgical profession with S . Trought , Esq ., and was discovered dead in a chair in the surgbry , he having taken a very large dose of prueaic acid . An inquest was held on the body on Wednesday afternoon , at the Three Tuns , in Upgate , when a verdict of "fetodese" was returned , and the body of the unfortunate youth was interred near midnight .

      ANOTHER proof of the evil consequences of the vulgar error , that the ringing of bells will disperse or divert a storm , was given , a few days ago , at the small town of Poulaines , in the fudre . About nine in tha evening , eight of the inhabitants , seeing a storm , hastened to the church , and ] rang out a peaL While thus employed , tbe lightning struck the belfry , burst the walls , and so nearly killed all the ringers , and the sacristan , who was with them , that it required all tbe resources of art to restore them to animation . —Paris Paper . }

      A Series of Accidents , . — Ilfracombk . —A few days ago , as Mr . Moses , jejweller , of Swansea , was descending one of the rocua by the sea side , his hat fell into the water . Ho made a circuit to the beach , and regained bis hat ; but the tide coming in , on hia attempt to return ho found himself surrounded with Water , and no alternative was left him but to climb the rock . He had [ ascended a considerable height , when the soil gave way , and ho fell into the sea a depth of twenty or thirty feet . Providentially , he was enabled to grasp a [ piece of rook , and with great difficulty climbed into a cave near , where he lay dowa exhausted . He fouad tbat he had lost his pocket-book , containing £ 50 in bank-notes , besides a valuable watch . !

      Loss of the Steam Packet , Lizard . —A letter has been received from Gibraltar , giving the followi&g particulars of theloss of / this government steamer . " Gibraltar , July 27 . —On | the morning of Monday , the 24 th of July , when about twenty miles from Carthagena , a light was reported on the larboard bow of the Lizard . The officer of [ the watch , as the positive orders of the Admiralty ' are when steamers meet each other , immediately put his helm a-porfc . The master coming up just at { this moment , inquired if the helm was a port ; and on being told that it was so , ordered it to be put hard a-port ; but owing to the other vessel putting her helm a-atarboard , ihe Lizxrd was struok by her on the larboard paddlebox , a little before the main-shaft , the shock of

      which was so violent as to throw the Lizard over on her starboard side and carry away all the funnel-stays but one . The officers and men below immediately rushed on deck ; the engineer in charge blew off the steam , and was proceeding to pump out , when the rush of water was so violent and the Lizard was apparently sinking so rapidly , that the men were ordered to save themselves by climbing up the ] bowsprit rigging of the other vessel . At the instant the collision took place the Lizard ' s boats were ordered to be lowered , but the passage aft was obstructed by the bowsprit and bow of the other vessel , so ! that the only persons on

      the quarter deck were the quartermaster ' s man at the wheel , and one or two of the officers , who had come up from their cabins , ] and who , seeing that , to all appearance all others had left , followed their example . Determined , however , not to abandon the Lizird whilst there was the most distant chance of saving her , the boats ofthd-vossel ( which proved to be the French man-of-war steamer Veloce , of 1 , 200 tons and 220 horse power ) were lowered , in which some of the officers and men of jthe Lizard returned , and saved a sick boy and passenger , with some two or three others who had been left behind in the first confusion . AW hopes of paving the vessel-were at once abandoned when we discovered that the water

      had already made so much head as to pnt out the firea and to float the lower-deck hatches , and coatinned pouring in with such violence as to render it most dangerous to remain on board . The last boat had scarcely left the Lizani when she sunk head foremost . Tha night was misty , and the Veloce's lights being placed on her paddle-boxes , whereas the Lizard ' s were at her mast-head , could not bo seen until close to . " 1 State op NoTTiNeHAM .-j-f ^ Vom a Correspondents ) —On Mouday a public meeting of the unemployed operatives was holdea in [ the market place , for the purpose of devising some ; plan to ameliorate their present distressed condition . Just before the meeting commenced , a waggon was observed passing down

      the market-placo , drawn by men and women , with their children in the waggon . Such a sight was never seen before in Nottingham . They were operatives out of work from Bulwell , a large village four miles from Nottingham , one of the seats of the hosiery trade ; and they had come here to ask alms . Several hundreds attended the meeting ; but they bore no proportion to the whole of those out of employ . It is feared that before Imany days there will be nearly a total standstill fin tha hosiery branches . This summer is the worst that can be remembered . I have been a frame-work knitter thirty years ; but never saw so much distress , and want of employment . There are at this moment ] numbers of men drawing carts through the streets ! , begging . The cart is to

      hold the provisions the charitable may be disposed to give . I imagine that thel want of employment and consequent distress in thejhosiery trade , are mainly attributable to the immense quantities of silk , and cotton gloves , manufactured from tha warp frame ; and the immense quantities of silk and cotton hose made from wide frames , fl have a statement before me given by a warp hand ] He says that cotton , fine cotton , gloves are madej from the warp frame at 4 M . per dozen to the workmen ! A hand machine will make sixty dozen per week oa the lowest computation . Silk gloves vdry much according to the size of the silk ; but the price to the workmen varies from 8 d . to Is . 8 d . per \ dozen . The warp frame figures the gloves in any way the manufacturers

      design . Sil k gloves , tuckj and plain backs , are Si . 3 d . per dozen making ; figured with the jack-machino a good deal more . The jack * f machine makes lace gloves similar to the warp frame . There are many warp frames in this county , and also Derbyshire , on the rotatory principle—very wide frames ; and they will make double the quantity tho hand machine ¦ will make . The statement I have before me says 150 or 160 dozen per week , worked by one man ! They get a great deal per dizm less from the rotatory machine than from the hand machine . The public will , therefore , see that it is utterly impossible for the plain silk and jack machine glove hands to compete with this machine . } Three dozan per frame is an average of plain silk gloves per week ; about two dozen jack J machine gloves . Great quantities of silk hose * are made from wide

      frames , two to four at once ; and are many of them embroidered most beautifully . These are brought in to Ihe market dt a very " cheap" rate . The markets are thus glutted ; and want of employment , poverty , and wretchedness , are the consequences . A great deal more might be said about the impositions pract \ sed in the hosiery trades ; but this will suffice for the present . At the meeting on Monday , Mr . Jonathan Barber , an operative out of employ , was called upon by the chairman , Mr . Dalton , from Mansfield , to move the ( first resolution , which he did in a speech of some fength , detailing the causes of the want of employment , and urging that nothing would tend to ameliorate ] the condition of the Btarv * ing millions of this country , but the passing into a law the document called the People ' s Charter . Resolved— " That this ineeting \ b of opinion that

      the distress now prevalent in tnis town , and in every part of the country , is attributable to class-made laws ; and that unless some plan be speedily adopted to alleviate the distressjof the country , it is hard to tell- what may be Jthe consequences ^ The resolution was put and carried unanimously . Mr . John M'Duff moved ihasecond resolution , which was as follows : — " Thatj it is the opinion of this meeting , that it is the duty of every lover of his country , of every individual who possesses one spark of Christianity , of { every true philanthropise to come boldly forward at this eventful crisis , and assist to ameliorate the ! condition of the starving millions , whose extreme sufferings ray aloud for redress . " This resolution was also carried unanimously . N . B . Out of the 5 a . 3 d . paid at the warehouse for silk gloves , there has to be paid for Seaming , winding , master ' s profit ! , frame rent , needles , &c . The " handers" would [ have about 6 a . 6 d , clear ; tbe "Jingerers" about 8 s . 6 d . when they hate plenty of work .

      Untitled Article

      . THE NORTHERN STAR . j jf ' 1 i ————

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Aug. 12, 1843, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct494/page/3/