On this page

• Text (2)

  Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

  • 

    Untitled Article

  • 

    Untitled Article

• Transcript

  • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

    Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.

    Untitled Article

    ORGANIZATION . "We presume that by ibis time the people seed sot to be informed thai -without Organization , they are utterly powerless , save for their enemies . The freqaeni ana sncesssre efforts -which iave been made for the estailJEhmBnt of a . general and systemized Orgunzalisn shews that they are alive to this fact ; trifle ike utter faHjiTe of « ver ? plan jet acted on , gbews egnaDy the difficulty of framiig an effective Organization so as to avoid the thousand meshes of ihel&wi purposely spread to arcnoTeiit H .

    In obi paper of April the 1 st , Mr . j O'Cohhob publisheda letter to the people , In which lie presents | he outline of a plan of Organization ; which we jiowTepmt , because most of the other communications on the subject which we bare promised to lay before our reader ? , make reference to it more or less , and some of them are mere comments on it . We wish iobring thi 3 important matter before the people —now thai we think the time for doing so Has arjived—in as broad and effective a view as possible

    ire « an afford to lose no light upon it . Hence we give ib . e whole of Mr . O * Coxso : r * s plan , and of the emendations and alterations therein which others hare suggested , and their original hints and id eas on { he matter , in one article , which , though , of neces sity , it must be long , will thus enable the reader to obtain a fuller apprehension of the many bearings of ihe question . The following is Mr . O'Coxkob ' s plan from Mb letter . "We request special attention to the first paragraph , as it embraces a point of consideration thai should never be lost seat of for a

    moment : — "WB 2 CXTXH HATE TOtJGHT JKJCSTICE WITH * T . T . TEHE WEAP 05 S WITH WHICH THB Uff ASMS rs , XE 2 V We must begin to do it I hara bo hesitation 3 n saying that the lows of EnghnwL , if property administered , ffive - more proUzOon to Vie subject than ibose of any other country in the Jatffwn world ; -UfD OHSKKFOKB , WE HCST SOW BIKECT OCB . iTXKSxios as ) zhetb pbopbb AjmisiSTMxxiois i and fias desirsblB end "w 31 be one tS ihe main objects of ths new system of management that I mean to propose Jar the protection of oar party , and the furtherance of aa principles . I sever did anticipate , and I think -we ta 4 no right to anticipate that an agitation like ours , composed of so many elements , could be rendered

    complBie , efficient , or even satisfactory , in its infancy ; bni"W £ Hate a bight that oub vachxxbb . x , SESC £ PHSLS O ¥ SO 3 IAST 33 O > Bi ) -KEatESTS . SEOtfE © Si 3 LU > B AS 5 XABLT AS POSSIBLE SUITABLE TO SSiste sg cracCHSTASCES . That is , that vhere JhreolBted tdih fresh osstndf , zee should strengthen ourselzaik the assailable naarter , and ichere opportunities jtrexsl themselves f » r a vigorous move for sach occasions , ¦ uimi ^ iai SHOUID BE IX SSADDTESS , rSST £ AX > OT Pj . rS 15 G TO BEF 3 UECT VTOX TTTR BEST 31 EJLSS OF ATTACK OS VSTSSCS . Could I then select a more £ ith ^ opportunity . than "the present for submitting to jou the mere naked outlines of a project -which I hare sow in contemplation ? "We must be CESTBaxizei —tte 3 fCST be tkitkd—TraBHut be prepared ; and , cJok off ik 3 bs ^ i « Sioamghh / Jbsiwr io each other .

    " 2 told yon , when in York Castle , that tre bad Ujb power to erect a poirer stronger than © ppresms—a pnbUc opinion stronger than bad lairs . Now ¦ re iEEsfchave a place of onr own to meet in , ssd ve nra&have a complete carps for the good management ofonr aSsira . I propose then to cobnut a plan to the Chartist body -when 2 shall have consuited the leaders of oar party , lea the accompHihment of these purposes ; sufl of ¦ sriieh plan toe following is but the mere »> plphm . -Isn ^ gesfQie propriety of talcing a large and commoGiousSali in liOndon , to be fitted np tnSh aQ the necessary conveniences lor holding public meetings , and fnnusbed "witi . difiarent apartments ss offioes for condneUsr-c&r business .

    **! Qjatan £ xeaitiYe , « rnBisSng of fi-re paid members dsaQ "be chosen sccoriing to the present snaugements 52 atthirteeacoiinQiHiBn , reaflentin London , be elected a > pnilic inB £ &ijs . " ^ Qiatths / GsBeralSecretaTyshaTl haTe a permanent cSce is fl » Hall , and which shall also be the office of the Executive -when they meet . "Thatthe Cotnstal ahall meet once in erery fortnight —liBetoconstiaitea quorum . "Ibat Us TnpT " " > v ^« of the Execative shall tx qficio be CoancBmen , and may attend at Council meetings and take part in any debate j but that they shall not hate ¦ & Tote as Goonalmen . " That the ExemS-re shall lay fhwr books before the Council at eTery meeting .

    " tTbasoa the fin * aionflay in eTery month a puiac X&ee&iBg a ? ths Ch 3 rSst 3 lesideat is J / OBOOBS&all be held , and before which fbB minntes of all proceedings cf the ErecntiTe and CouncHmen shall be proposed for confnnaticaL " That the Secretary ' s accounts shall be audited by ten persons elected by the CouncQ belonging to the Chartist body , but not members of ths Council , once in -each month , and the decision of the auditors shall be j nsde ino" 3 n ± o the menthly public meeting .

    "Thatlbe Secreteiy mhall be lemoreabte from office upon a Tobs bem $ taken at a monthly meeting , of which % fcrtmght ^ xtGtke , at the lea& * shall be ^ venj pro--fided , after hearing the chaises , two-thirds of the ~ pst-83 S 2 assembled shall decide against him—the meeting tocsnssj of six hundred memhers at the least ; and in cue the Secretary shall he xenjoved , the Council shall appoint a substitute pro . ion . nntQ zneh mle as shall be agreed upon for the Election of a new Secretary can be complied with .

    "That no public aocnmeai shall he issued fcy the SKcntrre -sitbon first being snbmitted to a inll meefiog rfthe Council , when a majority ol the whole body—the gxscuUyg SaTing Totes—Soil decide whether or not fi « document ahaH bs issued . " 32 > s £ the E ^« ttiTB kT » 3 ] 1 be resident in London , 5 = 3 shall xeceire a salary of two pounds per week esch . " Thattbe BxBcutrre » i ? wTl issue cards of membership ; aafl that no cards be transmitted to any Locality nutO pad for . "That a Treasnrer Ehsll ba appeinted at the fot monthly meetins , who shaD ^ re good Becuriiy , to the SEienai" of £ 1 , 000 , for the jnst discharge of Ms o&ee .

    "ThatuDisceipt liutfiiBt of thB Treasurer shall be ¦ salaJ as a iscerotfor any Eaonies receiTed , and that a haisDcesheet of the expenditnrebe published on the last Saturday is ersry month , which balance sheet shall be sabmiitea t » lhanest public meeEng , together -mSb the . flpfjawn of tae xa ^ taa * ' Ttreyyfl lectnreis shall ba » ppoint © a 6 y a YOte Ofthe thirteen couocilnjen and the JSxecntiTe . all haTing Totea ; and that panted isstrusiSoaB shall he deliTereA to each lecturer lor his guidance . " Tbat = » hena lectarer is to be appointed , credentJals sstoth « £ tneas -asd cisaractEi cf candidates shall be transnulted to the Execatrre from ths locality in which the eazidid&i £ JiTea .

    * ' That one half of all monies deriyed from pay meetings of the lecturers cf the Association , shall be tha property of the local branch * of the Association where EEch lecture shall be . deiiYered , and shall be used for toal purposea , and "the other ftVlf shall be transmitted to a » e Ga £ Exal Treasurer for general purpose * . * " That aio pay meeting ^ hall he held by any branch AsodaUon . except at such meetings as are convened to bear She lecturer , or some person resident in thB loca-£ tj , and known to the public ; and that the system of conTEning me&tinp to hear persons not veB . known * &-sbe peoplB be discountenanced as xnnch ss possible . "Tint local lecturers shall be semoveable in such sEsaer as fire locality to "which they are appointed ^ adeem ^ t , and of -which due notice shall 1 » given to the EEecutrre and < knmeiL

    " Ihit the screral lecturers shall attend to the enra !» eBt cf members after each meeting ; anS the Secrete ? « f the Association shall hand the proceeds to the teams , t ^ ing his receipt , and shall -write the xesnls by next post to the General Secretary , and the leck = er stall , by the sarna post , transarii the amount by p « CroSee order . * ' That all disputes shall be referred to the ConncS , and sfcsfl not be published in any ne-wspaper , except -with-lbe esmenrrence of a * least nine of the Council ^ aeB . anaasdra-Bn npfcjtJujn anfl baring thBSisignatoesagxad .

    ** Tnst the CcnuBlana ExecatiTB BhaD alsacounrfi" ^ AlJ ^ eajsanfl-yjj ^^ p , ^^^^ , !^!};^^ a ^ a that all ^^^ ^ alibBSBhmittea to them , and by theui to ^ By bens , who , 1 haTo every reascn to fiope , vdll n » ~ e € T 3 is « jf ih&-plan being earried out « 2 ia 3 M ; e Ins resi-^ ee to issnssj ; aBd 1 ^^!^ no dtfciice or proseeniion Kdlbe cndtrtaJEea , acepi npos a written lecomicen ®* ua by 3 fc . Bobertoto tbattfiect ** That ail letters requiring snfrvers , shall ton ^ o a PMHiy postage stamp ; and that aH complaints of neglect nfnnty upon the part of the Secretary or Executive Et 3 be traasmittftd }» the P ^ esideni of " the Council of Lhirtesni .

    ^ " Thai-onte in every-onsiter of a year , th&Jonr manl « a of ths Executive committee , Khali makes circuit « the esmntryfor at leasts © fortnight , one taking Jhe Aorth , another the South , another the Bast , sa ^ afariheWes ^ and of -which due notice shall be S ^ as . In such eases ibe meinberscf * be ExeenHve ^* *« 6 ivB the additional eotnees of traveHing from « e aTaal localises to -KhichTthey are inrrtea , holding 111 ^ ch locality onemeetang , ana no more .

    Tfo » , ilsy so much of the undigested plan before 7 * - Of eoaese , I . shall taie ccnnsel , ana Joot "weO iKo legally rf every poistj as soy olgeefc ia fe > J ?^ 6 Qartlsm alhing of -ciieh none aeeS be legallj ^^ i I « m >> thfi public mted is prepared for such ^^ gujJaSon . I think the national stomach qnit-= ^ ja&e ^ tdyresSng it , K irould rn ^ e « ur Hall a place for debaSsg ^ 8 e gnasfions twica in * very -week , and tins I ?? 5 lk an opportunityi for the dsrelopement of Ihe ^^ S Serena of the -Kotking claESss .

    _ " *! BhaH be most Jsappy to receive any EBgs : eBSosB « nD ^ jjjg Star anfl to ijgye ffo agsistaDce of all gocd 3118 : 11 tt tanyiBg oai &is , oar national o ~ i $ e& . ~>

    Untitled Article

    In aooordanee with Mr . CCosmob's invitation , and with a similar one given Editorially , a number of good men Bent in suggestions , which have been lying by as waiting Mil the feverish awdety indnced by the trials should have subsided and allowed the people to bend their consideration fully to the sttbject . We now give in snecesave order those commnnications ; not entire , nor always in the words of the Beveral writers ; bnt as much of them as is "to the point" expressed , as far as we know it , in the shortest , amplest , and most forcible manner .

    Jlrstj then we introduec Mr . J . RuNSLBTi of Lambeth , who suggests that , as the Executive are , on Mr . O'Coxkob ' s plan , to be assisted by a eonneil of twelve , aa Ezeontive of three might snit quite as well as one of five ; and so save to the country £ 4 weekly ; which money he thinks might be more usefully expended . On this matter of pecuniary saving , Mr . R . does not place much stress ; but be throws out the suggestion . But be insists strongly on the necessity of being exceedingly careful to elect : —

    * - ' An Executive that we can implicitly conEde in , in every respect ; it is net enough that we have honest men —that -we have i » od men , but -we ought to have really intelligent men who have received a g » od education . Most persons are shy ot signing papers on subjects ¦ which they donot properly comprehend ; and if such precaution is necessary for the preservation of an individual , how much more so must it be for the preservation of hundreds , which mk , ht be affected by the indiscreet act of an individual , and that person the Secretary , of the Executive Council . " To obviate this difficulty he suggests that Mr . fioBEttrs be solicited to allow himself to be put on the Executive with a view to becoming Secretary , and that the Chartists make it worth bis while in money matters to do so . Mr . R . 6 . Gxumagx says : —

    " There are some clauses contained in the plan which in my opinion would rather impede than advance our causa . The Council of thirteen 2 decidedly object to , because it irall be falliDg into the very absurdities -which every Chartist must , on consideration , so deeply deplore . There cannot be a greater evil in-tfee constitution cf a society than for two separate bodies to possess the power to stultify each others acts . I think , so far from the Executive being subject to any other body , they should be free to act , subject enly to one power—the people . 2 f the members of the Association have , full confidence in the Executive , -why should anoUier body « Dst , in which the people also have confidence , having the power , to undo everything the other

    has done ; as , according to the plan , would fee the exact position in which the Council would bs placed , in regard to the Executive . These is one other suggestion I would throw out : that is , TP" + »> fMi of the Executive being . resident in Louden , they should perambnlate those counties which are as yet dead to the movement . I iBow that if funds were at our disposal , we could bring the agricultural population into a union with the oppressed manufacturing operative . This might be done without incurring any considerable expense , and the money would soon be forthcoming from the new

    localities , who are ready to join us if made acquainted with our objects ; it is not the manufacturing districts that require ) so much agitation ; they have already bees made to think and reason on the subject . Stem necessity has been their schoolmaster . Depend upon it , Sir , there is nothing that despots so much dread as to see the sons of the soil acquiring a knowledge of their rights ; end therefore 2 would advise every man who lectures to the hard working labourers to impress upon them their right to the lane , in your observations on which , in common with many others , I heartily acres . "

    Mr . Stall wood S 3 ys : — " There are several minor items in Mr . O'Connor ' s skeleton plan , such as giving increased facilities to tho Executive , for communion with large meetings of their constituents , theconsfitntuig the Centra ] Hall a debating forum twice a week , thus establishing a Normal School for Chartist lecturers , would doubtlessly be of the first importance . The whole of the above is prac ticable and can be done under our present Organization . "' And he presses very urgently for speed in making all the necessary arrangements and getting to work in good earnest . Mr . Vjl Cotto >" , of Birmingham says : —

    " 2 am of opinion that it will be anti-Democratic to allow two-thirds of a meeting to dismiss a secretary , say the meeting fis SO *—600 can ba-ve the power ef dismissing , iuay be in opposition to perhaps 30 , 000 or more members of the association scattered over the country . Secondly , 1 think and thousands will agree with me , that £ 2 per week is too much for the Executive . Thirty shillings , the wage of the old Executive , is , 2 think pleaty , considering the present depressed state of the times , and the low wages which working men are receiving . Thirdly , And as regards the Victim and Defence Fund Committee , 1 hope for the sake of prereniiisg suy dispute , Mr . Roberts will not have the entire deciding who shall be fit . subjects to be

    defended , at tux versa ; but if Mr . Roberts thinks they onght . not to be defended or prosecuted , the Conncil a ? -d the Executive to decide upon the matter . These are my opinions upon the plan : with all other parts I corcordiaUy concur , and , as far as lean , will endeavour to carry them into practical operation . 1 could ssy more npon the subject , but others must have their say upon the matter . And , now Mr . Editor , one word to my fellow Chartists upon one way of getting the franchise . It is a known fact , tbat many of them are paying from 3 s . to 4 s . a week rent for their houses . Now ,

    brothers ought , and sink themselves down to 500 householders , at a rent of say £ 16 or £ 18 a-year , two families in a house . The house taken in the name of one of the parties , the other living as lodgers , then you have 500 toUs without any extra expense . In fact , in my opinion , a very great saving would be the benefit , beside the right of votinjr ; the said vote being Riven with the joint consent of landlord and lodger , to the candidate who they think fit . I feel s&tihfied if such a plan was to be acted upon immediately , in the next Parliamsnt , the People ' s Charter could be the law of the land . My plan of getting the franchise would work just as well in the election of the Town Conncil , and place the whole Government of the country under the coHtroul of the f-eople . "

    Mr . isiiC So-vtden , of Great Horton , near Bradford , says : — " 1 st—1 wonld ask , will not the lsrge and commodions ' HaU i *> London , with all the ofiiees and fittings-np , cost more than the poor Chartists can afford for the convenience of the Executive , in addition to their < the Executive ' s ) £ 2 each per week . —2 nd , Are the thirteen CouncQmen resident in London , to be chosen by the London Chartbts alone ?—3 rd , Can those Councilmen be depended on to do the weighty work assigned them without beinsr paid ?— £ th , Can the Exscnvive submit to being ex qficio ConncHmen , and still be deprived 0 ? votes as Conncilxnen ?—5 th , Can they , the Executive , as the representatives of the whole nation , submit to the censorship of the Council , not even being allowed to issue an address to their constituents without every word of that address meeting with the approbation

    and sanction of errerj one of thirteen Conneilmen ?—Gt& Is a London public meeting a fit tribunal to make or unmake a Secretary of the Executive of the National Charter Association ?—7 th , WCl tixe Tarions localities thronghont the Empire comply with the demand made on them for the proceeds of all pay meetings ?—8 th , , WiH Ihe localities refer all disputes to the CauncD , and submit both sides to be silenced , except at least sine of the Conncilinen , concur with one side , and even then the nine must set forth the affair in their own language , and sign their names to it ? and win all grievances be submitted to them that tbty may ba submitted to Mr . Boberts ?—9 th , "Will not the Con-cfl have much more wori to perform than the Executive themselves , having a right at any time to examine the books of the Executive , and evfcu the choosing of the ten auditors , and a power to veto any act of either the Executive or any locality ?"

    Mr . Feathfbstw * , of Worcester , after strongly urging the importance of extending the movement in agricultural districts , as widely and as rapidly as possible , continues : — . > ** "We must organise ourselves , and stand ready to take advantese of all choxces . Who can tell -what a day ot an nonr sny bring forth ? And now , brothers , 1 win proceed to sho r , thai tre must organise : and novr let me slate thai ths plan I pr&pe ^ e lab npthing cf newness or novelty about it . It has been and is ( at Bradford , &c } carried oui to a considerable extent in our body ; my cnly object in bri ging it forward now ib to impress it moie forcibly upon the different localities ; aad to show them the advantages they would derive from its adeption . The chief end and aim of all Organization , I take to be , the developing of our hidden 7 v * ources ; -with a view of bringing them

    to bear unitedly and advantageously upon the governing power , li is c ! ear that as Itng as we remain disorsanised and dispersed in sections , we shall never attain & -Doation so as to enable 118 to act with decision and ¦ tffed .. Ortanization must , therefore , follow hard upon propagandism : -or -what we gather with the one hand , -we rfali icattt ? with the other . In works on India , ws Tea- } cf a tree which flourishes in that country called ihe Banian tree , ' and which is sometimes of each aif extent that one tree will frequently shelter a thousand boreezfes . The branches of this tree spread in every d-rectu . -n , and when they reach a certain distsEce from the main trunk , they descend to the earth , t" » ka root , and soon sp ? wid in * o a tree as large as the parent one . They again shoot forth branches , which spread , ctscsnd , ard t « 1 ee *» ot in tbe ssme manner , ¦ anSrjl -whoie acres » tb covertd with them . That , brother smst be our plan . We must act from centres . In f > -rmiBg new diftricts , or organising old enes , ^ e

    Untitled Article

    must fix upon some towns as s point d appur , ltom which to agitate , and send forth branches into the surrounding villages andi hamlets . AII the places within a circle of miles muslbejirmly untied byfrequent delegate and council meetings ; and ihe district must be called by the name of the chief place within its limits ; and these chief places would again elect delegates to a Tnonthly copsit delegate meeting . Under this plan , the West Riding of York would be divided into ten districts . The Keighley , the Bingley , Bradford , Halifax , Huddersfield , Leeds , Dewsbury , Waiefleld , Bamsley , and Sheffield districts , each having incorporated with it the t 95 ? ns and Tillages around } and each having its weekly delegate meetings . Brothers , would not these districtsbe towers of strength unto us ? To bring the plan more Individually home , I will take the town of Rochdale as an example , Suppose the good and tree democrats—than whom there are not a fiusr

    set in England , —suppose tbe democrats of that place to adopt this plan , Rochdale , as the chief place , would form the centre and give ' the name to the district Tbe Chartists of Heywood .- Llttleborongh , Whifcwortb . Shaw Clongh , Shetland , and the other villages ( formed in classes of ienj would meet daily at each other's houses , and at their weekly general public meeting trould appoint a delegate to represent them at Rochdale , when , tach Sundays delegates from each village , would meet and discuss all local business . I would divide the whole country in this manner ; and to crown all . 2 would have ' an - . Emergency Committee' and a Reserve Committee , ' each of five , elected by the whole country . The first Committee to meet on any sudden emergency ; and to be for the time being an Executive Council ; and the second ; to supply the places of the first Committee , if arrested or deemed unworthy . The ' Emergency Committee'to Bit in Manchester , and to meet on the public requisition of three districts . **

    Mr . Habhet , of Sheffield , writes : — " I am not so -rain as t © imagine myself competent to draw up ' plans of organization ; ' bat as you are about to publish ' hints and suggestions' you have received from different persons , 7 send you ay Ideas on one or two m&tter 8 forming part of this all-important question . That ' money is the sinews of war * all admit ; tbe necessity ot a national fund none will gainsay ; yet in this respect tbe old plan has been feund to he altogether useless . The constant appeals for money for Executive — Ifatiena ! Dafeace ' - — ' Local Defence '— National Victim *—* Local Victim , " and other 'Funds . ' has been one of the great mistakes of our movement One fund ought to have supplied the place of all these .

    A National Fund is the one thing needful |; and that fm » d adequate for all general purposes , viz , the support of the Executive ; the employment of a body of lecturers ; the saturating the country with Chartist tracts , placards , &c . ; the defence of the persecuted advocates of democracy ; the snppptt of their families , &c ., &c , && Such a fund ought to—must be established : but how ? 111 am no admirer of the Organization of the' Repeal Association ; ' but without adopting tbe odious classdistinctionB of the Coin Exchange , may we not copy the good and leave the bad ? If three millions of shillings can be raised in Ireland for Rep&ul , why should not tha same sum be raked in England for the Charter ? ;

    " My proposition , then , is , that every member of the National Association should pay a yearly contribution of one shilling , the shilling to be paid on enrollment , and renewed at the commencement of every year , and to be devoted entirely to the National or General Fund . The local expenses might be defrayed from the profits of lectures ( delivered by lecturers paid from the general fund ) , voluntary contributions , collections at the weekly meetings , &a " Of course , I shall be told that the thing is impracticable . Take the advic « of Mirabeau , my friends , and never nse that blockhead of a word' ) * tbe people are too poor , ' &c . The people are poor ; but if tho people desire liberty , they must make sacrifices to obtain it ; they have made sacrifices , but they must make more yet I The despotism of a thoUBand years ' growth is not to be cast down in a day : nor -will the gold-cased monster be slain with a few balls rf copper . Our enemy , like "Bloody Clsvers " , xnnst be met with silver bullets I

    •* Three and a half millions signed the last petition . Were tbe persons who gave thtiir names , Chartists ? Were they hi earnest ? It so , BUrely out of the three and a half millions , one million might be found to give a shilling a year—less than a farthing per week , for the Charter ! " A million of shillings would be fifty thousand pounds . 1 question if there could not easily be found a millicn of professing Chartists , who , by ihe abandonment of pipe and pot , could pay their shillings , and ba great giinera as welL ' . O'Connell demands three millions of shillings to achieve his efcject Give to Chartism bnt one million , and we'll make such a breach in the walls of corruption that , without waiting for oar utonoixsg , the garrison shall be glad to capitulate . 11

    Upon one other point I-wish to say a word . The system hitherto pursued of enroUisg members has been far too lax . Tbe factious and the immoral have as easily obtained admission into our ranks as the honest and the virtuous . The treaeherous factiouist and drunken debauchee have both pestered us in Shtffi . lit . Expulsion was tbe prompt but unpleasant remedy . We have for some time past avoided the evil by having all candidates for admission nominated a week previous to their enrollment , and the question of their admission decided by ballot The disadvantages of this system are that lecturers and active agents of the body ( performing similar duties to those of the Repeal Wardens ) wonld be crippled in their , labours ot strengthening the numerical force and funds of the general body . Might not the advantages of the old plan and that now in ferce in Sheffield be combine *} , by tbe names of all

    persons giving their shillings being taken at any time , reserving to the Itcal meetings the power ( by fcJlot ) of enrolling orrejecting as they might see fit ; in the event of rejection the shilling of course to be returned ? Or if there would be snytning Illegal in this mode of enrollment , would it not be well that while all persons paying their shillings were . ; admitted to tbe general body , that all local matters should bo transacted by local societies , distinct from ,: and independent of , the National Association ; and with the affairs of which no members of the National Association could have anything to do unless elected therein by ballot 1 Such a system would , 2 suppose , be legal ; but any system ( not absolutely in violation of the law ) which affoided a protection to the leally patriotic and virtuous democrat from the contamination of despicable ruffians who are occasionally to ba found desecrating the name of Chartist , would be sufficient "

    Some of the parties who , have favoured us with communications , advocate modes altogether different . Of these , Mr . Geobgb Hioton , of Walworth , sayst—: ' I think an annual Conference of delegates should form a part of our plan of Organization , to assemble alternately in Manchester , JJLnninghatn , and London , in the firs * week in May or June . I am sure the greatest advantage wonld result from its labonrs ; it would give life and energy to the movement Tbe Conference should take notice of all matters relating to the well-being of the association ; tt > r-y should give such

    advice and direction to the peppTe ss the times may require ; and generally on all sulj-cra relating to their moral and physical condition . The Executive Committee should make a full report of their labours to the Conference , together with an account of all monies received and expended by them . Instead of a fixed weekly payment by members , which many talented GhsrtiBts object to , I would hnve each locality to make a collection at its weekly meeting in the first week in each calendar month , and tla whole cf the money collected be remitted to the General Treasurer of the Association . "

    Mr . Joseph Fibth , of Keighley , thinks a plan of Organization should be drawn up and published for the instruction of tbe people ; and be gives the following hints towards it : — " First—The nation shali be divided into divisions and districts . ' - Second—That the society shall be governed by a President , Vice-President , Secretary , and Treasurer ; the said officers to be elected at th » yearly meeting same as the Execntiva " Third—The divisions , ot ridings , shall be governed upon the fame plan aa the above . " Fourth—Districts to be governed in a similar manner . So that I may )? e better understood I will take the West Riding of Yorkshire for one division ; and Bradford , with Great on < 3 Little Horton , LWget Green , Clayton , Thox ^ tco , SJanuingham and Shipley , shall complete one district .

    " let every part ofthe Organization be explained under its proper b ^ ad ; that is to say " First—vrh ; t is the business to be transacted at the yearly n : « r- *; a ? "SDeo-ri—What are the duties of the President , Viet-IVt-sSftent , Secretary and Treasurer , and the Executive ? ' - Third—What are the duties of President , Vice-President , Secretary , and Treasnrer of a division . Fourth—What are the duties of President , Vice-Pfestdent , Secretary and Treasurer of a dibtrict "Fifth—What are tha duties of the officers of one single Branch or Association . " Sixth—At what time of the year shall the yearly meeting beheld . *• Sevenih—All the division meetings to be held on one Aiy . Eighth—All the district meetings to be hbid a fortnight before the divisions meetings .

    •• Ninth—The diBlrict meetings snail be held a fortnight r * c » ore the drrisions meetings . "Tenth—All District Secretaries shall make ont a fnarttsriy report to tho Division-or Riding Secretaries , of f all the monies that they have received iD their respective Districts , and the Division or Riding Secretaries , shall make out a quarterly report unto the General Secretary of all the monies that hes been received 5 n their respeciivs Divisions , and the General Secretary shall make out a quarterly report of all that has been reeoivedby the society , such report to be published in ibeliorliurn Star or otherwise . 1 ElevtnUi—WhatlB to be the weekly allowance . " Twelfth— What ia to constitute a share , "

    Untitled Article

    A number of other writers connect the Land question with ; their ideas of Organization . Of theBe , Mr . Thomas ; Bond , who dates from Richmondstreet , Soho , London , say * : «« ££ * ^ ISIPJ * 8 a new o'ganizjtion 1 " recommended , and that the Laud question will be considered . I hope some mode will also be adopted to give all who are desirous of depositing money with the officers o £ tbe Asaoolahoa , every facility to do BO , and withdraw it done ?" ** 8 m OettaiA grM * & Ood wUl **

    The Chartijjts op Honlet , in a letter through their Seoretary , i sagge 3 t that a clause be inserted in the Organization to the effect that every member of the National Charter Association ( who is able ) pay one halfpenny per week , to be devoted to the purchasing of land , implements of husbandry , &o . Houses might be erected upon the Land when bought as residences for thOBo who might be employed thereon , and a sound-hoaded practical man placed at the head , to give a proper direction-to their

    physical energies . They are anxious to see some practical plan of this sort pat into operation . They believe that it would prove a great auxiliary to our cause ; that it would serve as an asylum to persons who might becoine victims to the present system of injustice through their advocaoy of the cause of right against might * and that it would inspire the people's advocates with courage and resolution to combat with tyranny , when they knew that they had something to fall back upon as a protection .

    Mr . James Biunton , of Manchester , referring to Mr . O'Connob ' s plan of a Chartist four-acres farm Community , on which he supposes ten shopkeepers to be located , dissents from this idea altogether . Ho thinks the shopkeeping class an evil in society , which ought to be discouraged ; and he suggests : — ' That in lieu of ten shopkeepers proposed by him , in his letter on the land , of April 29 th , one surplus labour-exchange store be established , where all , or any , of the four-afcrea farmers may deposit their surplus produce , giving them a book , or cheques , for the same . If in cheques , the ! same to be taken in exchange for any commodity the farmera may want to the value of their cheques .

    " I calculate there would be a large . amount of surplus produce from 250 four-acres farmera ; and a considerable quantity of the surplus labour of others required in exchange by them . ' The cheapest way of obtaining which , wonld be to ' take a waggon load , or loads , as the case may bo , to the nearest and best market , and dispose of the same to the best advantage ; and at the same time purchase with the money thus obtained such articles , at tbe first hand , as these farmers may require ; and the pbr centage allowed by the wholesale dealers would pay ths cost of transit to and from the surplus labour-exchange Etore . I would further euggeat , that all men placed in trust in this store should be servants , and receive wages . ' " Mr . J . H . Cla , rke , of Ledbury says : —

    " Never was I more truly gratified than on the perusal of Mr . O'Connor ' s first letter on the Laud two weekB since . Convinced as I am , from considerable experience , ( baviog teen engaged in practical agriculture for fifteen years , and surveyed six parishes for tbe commutation of tithes , tbat the subject is one of the most momentous investigated , and more important than aDy yet discussed by the working classes , and one In which they are more deeply interested . " Why , if we allow a moment ' s rt flection , we discover that all labour expended in manufactures , Euch manufactures beiDg exchanged for the natural products uf otticr nations , is , in tffect , expelling or exporting the whole value of the labour bo applied , and lessening

    the general aggregate wealth : of the country , by the amount of the exports so exchanged . But if such labour were expended on the Laud , the individual wesith of milliops and , of course , the aggregate wealth of the notion is increased by the price ofthe whole amount of ench exports . This applies to all imports intended for exportation when converted . The means of employing labour on the land would be increased annually bythe whole price of such exports , and as a consequence , a pnori , wcuid be invested in improving the capabilities of it , and thereby would the wealth of all owners and occupiers be increased in nearly the same proportion aa ; the transfer of labour from manufacturing to improving the land wae effected . The first business of a people is to , look after their own interest ;

    in their own country . Without their producing their own independence ; really , as well as nominally , by depending on their ; products of their labour from their owu laud , this cannot be done . To depend on exotic supplies of food is ANTi-rational dependence , Instead of national independence . AH labour expended on exports more than is expended on the imports returned , is just so much wealth lost to the nation , which labour would increase tho ^ permanent property of the people if applied to the land . The more the subject uf the land is investigated ' the more will its immense importance be indisputably established . Mr . O'Connor has made his calculations much below the capabilities of the land . In this project failure is impossible . 1 come to this conclusion by actual experience . "

    Mr . John Colquhoun , of Glasgow , in a letter to Mr- O'Cojwoji says ;—" Your proposal to ' blend the social and political character' by uniting the qvt < stfon of getting the people located upon tbe land with the movement for the Charter , has been rapturously received by the V&St niaSB Of the people in this quarter ; in « hort , bo far as I bave had an opportunity oif judging there ib bnt' one opinion upon the subject , namely , that tbe land is the only means by which the people ; can be saved from tbe avaricious grasp of fortune-hunting manufacturers , bankers , stockjobbers , and all other classes who fatten on the present degrading system .

    •• You say your present plan can only be experimental . In that I . entirely agree with you , Without a legislative enactment the great mass of the people will never be provided for ; yet it is of the last importance that practical proof should be given of a definite measure by which the great body of our working population can be raised from their present degraded condition , so that the desponding son of toil whose futur ¦ prospects are gloomy and heartrending , who has it not in his powor

    to make provision ! against misfortune , infirmity , and old age ; who possesses no means of protection against the caprice of a gold-hunting employer , and who can Bee no means of relief , immediate or prospective under present existing circumstances : to such , Sir , your plan if supported , as I hope it will be , by the intelligent , self-respecting , and slave-abboring portion of your fellow countrymen , holds out a haven of rest against tbe demon Maltbu « ian storm of bastile , ( Jodinsulting , man-debasing system .

    " You say the question of first principles , will find no room in your lelteTs . Hsre ycu are right ; you have hitherto steered clear of these shoals J trust you will in future . The growing int « liigeiiCtf of an injured people is a sufficient gnarantee against the inroads of prejudice or superstition to teach men U la their inherent r > ght to think and act according to the dictates of their own minds , so long as they do not interfere with the rights of others . Convince [ them that it is a moral crime to give unnecessarily the slightest $ ain to others : then , and not till then , will the human family ; enjoy that felicity which originally prompted the formation of civil compacts .

    " The most botIous attention of every lover of his country ought now to be directed towards the great , the god-like objtMst of . getring the people placed on the land . Let a fiuvoted effort- be made to give proof of its practicability ; and speculators of every denomination will be compelled ! to live by honest industry ; and their blighting schemjps , by which tens of . thousands have been reduced te . worse than Egyptian bondage will be pnt an end to . " You sutptat four acres as the amount to be alloted to each . This point I consider must , to a certain extent , be rttulated by the quality of the soil . For instance ,

    I kuuw farms in the West of Scotland pay £ 1 5 s . par aure . I know other spots paying , £ 9 . Tuese may ^ e cousidired extremes ; still it proves the wide difference in the value of land ; Fine rich soil , with an open bottom , suitable for potatoes , turnips , carrots , &c , mubt alwayB bear higher value than a bare clayey land , cultivated to the highest possible decree . Betides , the situation of tho land alters its value immensely . 1 do not mean as to its proximity to towns . I speak of its geographical situation , which will , independent of the nature of the soil , evenly regulate its power of production .

    "I shall at a future opportunity , enter more fully upon the point . I'censider this the more jitcessary , as 1 know that the land 3 n your native country , ond in most parts of England , ; is much more productive than tbat in the North and West of Scotland . " An Old Radical of Glasgow thinks : — " The Organization should be under fche controul and guidancs of a CunncSli similar to the Complete Suffrage party . In this they have surpassed the Chartist booy in wiedom . Let ub not bo asbameil to take of theira

    what is good , and reject what is bad . The business conducted un ^ er a large body , as Councillors , prevent thrse heart-burnings and vain ambition in dome , and splenetic feelicgs in otbiTB . We all know a motion ef an individual no sooner ! becomes a resolution of a body of men , than it obtains quits a d > ff reut appearance with the pnbiio , t ° wliom it becomes like a law to obey ; tbe individual proposing it is lost sight of , and the resolution becomes the net of the body ; not of one alone , but the whole Council , as it were , so to Speak . "

    A writer who signs Jumps proposes : — 1— " That the CbartisU reorganize themeelveB immediately , under the appellation of " The Land of England and British Charter ! Association . 2—" That twelve directors be appointed to conduct ita affairs , namely , three trustees , three treasurers , three auditors , aud three secretaries , the latter to be paid officers .

    Untitled Article

    3— " That one million of members be enrolled with tbe least possible delay , and that they subscribe weekly one penny eack . j 4— "That petsonB of both sexeB of all agea . and of every claw , sect , or party , be allowed to become subcribers .- the only qualification being , a regularity of and acting in conformity to clause the 9 th . 4— " That tha million of peiiceor £ 4 , 000 thus weekly subscribed , be immediately expended in the purchase of freehold estates in various parts of England ^ no two consecutive purchases being made in tbe same \ sounfcy . 6— " That such estates be immediately divided into four acre allotments , and a cottage , not exceeding a cost of £ 40 or £ 45 In its construction , be built upon each . | 7— "That each subscriber gives at tbe time of enrollment a card , containing his name and address to be pnt in a bag appropriated to the county in which he resides .

    8— "That upon completing aj purchase ( which would oCcur every few days throughout tha year ) a properly appointed party should draw fr oai the proper bag , the required number ot names , and the parties answering to the same , be duly apprised of their election to hold the allotment 9— " That the allotment or farm be held under a properly constructed lease fox 999 years at a rental of 20 s . per sere . f 10— " Tbat members elected o occupy the allotments , do so within a specified period , ox allow other members to take their turn . 11— « Tbat members leaving their allotments cannot dispose of the same to any persons but those belonging to the association . J 12 — " "Sb&t a statement of tne society ' s affairs comprising its receipts , disbnrsments , &o ., be made to appear weekly in the Northern Star , or such other periodical , as the directors may { think fit to appoint . "

    The letters of " Gracchus ' and of Mr . Galpin , our readers , of course , know all about . In reference to them , James Macphebson , of Aberdeen , writes thus : — " The great object of the present struggle being to increase the sum of human happiness by securing to every member of society the most perfect and evenhanded justice : and as this can jonly be effectually done by every individual having a voice in the making of the laws by which all are to be governed , ao the great energies of the masses bave been directed toward that object , as it is found embodied in that document called the People ' s Charter . j

    " But as tbe struggle for these rights has now been continued for about five years , jand the attainment of them is still apparently at some distance , it would be wisdom in those engaged in that struggle , that whilst they continued tbeir exertions with unabated z ? al and vigour for tbe attainment of the Charter , yet at the same time to look and see if the attainment of some of the advantages expected to fiow from that measure be not at present within our reach ; and in my reflectiowill tbe

    opinion , a little n soon satisfy diligent inquirer that much is within our power , even as tbe law now stands , and tbat if we j can duiy prevent tbe enactment of new laws , made expressly on purpose to apply to the working classes alonje , a course of action is still open far us , which , if pursued , will insure , in less than ten yews , oar complete regeneration— morally , physically , socially , and politically . ; But indeed these are intimately connected and blendecl together , that before you can effect permanently and well any one of these objects , you must necessarily have accomplished all the others . 1

    • - And it appears to me that it is under this convifr tion that these plans of Mr . O'Connor , Mr . Galpin , and Gracchus , bave been brought before the public . So far then we are nil at one : namely , that something practical must be done . The only question to be solved is what that shall be ; and in this 1 agree with Mr . Galpin that tbe benefits to be derived must b « clearly and distinctly seen . universal , and of sufficient macnitmie ana importance , and the means of procuring them evident ; but I go farther , I say that it must be within the power of the parties themselves to accomplish , without trusting to others for assistance , and that it mast be of general , immediate , and smnicaneous application to all its supporting members . It is also iayjall and deliberate

    opinion that no extensive support can ba got to any subeu > e which is not under the effective controul of its immediate nupportera , or in other words , that the expensive machinery necessary for conducting a centralized national movement will not be supported , and more especially if such centraliBed machinery were to be placed under the direction of an irresponsible head . Such a course is , in my opinion , diametrically opposed to the spirit of Democracy , which consists in the will of tho people flowing from the extremities toward the centre , where it may ba either eohctntratedin the person of an individual or number of ' . individuals , to whom tbe will of the nation gathered together from all its channels and ramificationa would become law .

    •* But the course / suggested by Mr . Galpin exactly reverses the principle , by causing the will of the individual to become the law of the nation . Instead of tho power and 'mill of the nation j flawing from tbe extremities towards the centre , and being there formed into laws in accordance with that will , their laws would , by the plan proposed byjMr . Galpin , be mere arbitrary emanations from the willpf an individual over whom they had no controul . True , they might remove him ; but so long as they continued under such a system , such reicovalB would be nothing more than a mere change of despots .

    "But Mr . Galpin has said , tbat an individual placed in such an unfettered position ns he has described , with all the resources and tnergiesjof the masses at his disposal , and endowed with a mind and will capable of regenerating mankind , would make a much more rapid and steady progress towards thafcj end , than if it depended on tbe conflicting opinion of a great number . But even granting all these great ] and good qualities , necessary for such a purpose , ¦ which are scarcaly to ba found In' any individual , yet Mr . ] G . must be aware that if the human mind ia forced on faatot thtn its

    convictions admit of , let the objects for which it baa thus suffered violence be of themselves ever so good or desirable , yet the moment that tbe impelling power is removed , it will remain stationary , if , indeed , retrogression does not take place . Audi of this we have an example ia the advances and progression in civilization and refinement forced on the Russians by Peter the Great ; it being generally allowed ! tbat the Russians have remained stationary as to civiirzttion or improvement since the death of that individual . " Now , although few will doubt but that the progress made in humanising the Russians by Peter was greater than if a public opinion in ! favour of ; he progression had first to have been created ; yet , if public

    opinion in favour of these principles of progression had first been created , although such improvement would have been somewhat longer in taking place , yet oi ; ce having begun , they would hpve gone on in a much more natural and steady manner , and Would have still continued to advance in ' an equal if net an increased ratio , and could not have suffered much by tbe death of an individual . My opinion is , that dependence on individuals has hitherto been the bane of mankind ; aa , however much good ] an individual may accomplish in his life , it generally ) stops at bis death , unless he has established a principle , which must rise in iv sreat measure superior to individual influence , and depends for its success on the simplicity of the agents by which its great ends are effected ^"

    Mr . David Ros 3 writes thus :-f " Aa far as I have travelled I have found tbe people anxiously looking forward to some such practical developement of our principles as would yield to them some true advantage—some positive good . j Men are tired of unceasing agitation ; of again retreading the same devious path of uncertainties , only to be again attended with future disappointments . Having learned so much of the opinion of tha public , I bave Ventured ( in the course of my lectures for the last six month ^) to lay down certain plans for tbe obtainment of small plots of land , upon tho plan of Home Coloniz \ tion | In every locality I found tbe people most willing jto embark in this good undertaking . I have hitherto ce-B&ned nvyself to general remarks upon the subject , believing tbat as soon aa the trials terminated Bomuihing would bi done . That time has now arrived , and 1 findjmyself called npon fur some explanation , more than I am at present able to

    give . I don't wish to lead the public mind astray , by giving my own unwarranted opinion . I want somo eu' . bority ( better thau my own ) for j what I do . We roust have ordtr in all our arrangement * We must have one fixed point tr > which to steer ; and being , as I ara , isolated and cut off from all cotninunication with those parties who might eise enlighten nie upon this aubjeot , I am led to hope that you will afford me such information relative to the plans abput to be adopted in furtherance of the great design , as wtll as the m » ans to be employed in carrying out , the same , aa will enable me to discharge my obligation to the public in a beceming and useful manner . j " By making a bold and vigorous effort I believe we can plac 8 Chartism in such a position as to claim respect even from its very enemies ; but this can only be effected by demonstrative proof of its general utility , nor can a better plan be devised forf ameliorating t * ie present condition of the unemployed , than by placing as many as possible upon th « Laud . i

    «• With Mr . O'Connor's plan of the new Executive Committee , its duties aad obligations , ! l entirely concur . I moreover think the plan fur superintending the labours of the lecturers an admirable one at the present time . I hear friqutsntcomplaints reWtiTe to ^ he evil < t allowing men to perambulate the country , without authority and without invitation , from the committees . Nor does the evil rest here—for it ia possible fir men to palm themselves upon the pufelic , who were n «» e < r identified with the movtoient ; and yet the Cuai | tist cause will be held responsible for whatever errors they may commit , whether intentional or not . "In conclusion [ may likewise add . jthafc if eomespecial instructions wore j ? iv < sn to each of cur lecturers , I think the v ; iluo of their services would he enhanced very considerably , and the cause materially benefitted thereby . " !

    We now introduce , and commend to especial consideration , the following sensible , r-ilioual , and well written letter , from a gentleman wh ^ m . Wvi believe to bo as true a patriot as lives . Wo 8 iYa this communication entiro : —

    Untitled Article

    ORGANIZATION . TO THE EDITOR OP THB NORTHERN STAR . « London , April 3 , 1843 . " Sir , —I have read with interest , in the last number of your spirited journal , a proposal to unite tbe people of this country in one voice , to obtain the Charter , as a means of political emancipation ; and I believe that nothing leas than such a union will induce ths Government to listen to the people , or make an effort to protect them from increasing misery . You invite your friends to offer their opinions cf the plan proposed , and make suggestions ; and though you may parhaps expect that all such observations should be strictly confined to the political bearing of tbe question , I beg leave to offer a few remarks on the general bearing of the union , and the end proposed ; my object being to strengthen the movement by harmonizing different opinions in one general concert of principle .

    " It is acknowledged by all , that the people bave been weakened in their movement , by divisions of opinion on minor and secondary questions ; and if this could be prevented for the future , tbe result would be important ; and therefore I propose to Mr . O Connor , and the Chartist body in general , that the plan of union should be made as comprehensive aa possible , tbat all who are sincerely devoted to the interests of the labouring people , maynnite as one phalanx of an industrial army , determined to obtain tbeir rights as men , and to protect their only property , their labour , against the silent invasions of monopoly in legislation , and machinery and land . This union is not to be obtained by sinking differences of opinion ; for people wilt not sink these differences : but by harmonizing them , in toleration and a liberal Bpirit of concert ; and this may be effected by stating clearly , the ONE great principle in which they all agree , and the various secondary questions on which they should agree to differ without Weakening the union by th * se differences .

    "I believe that all agree with regard to the CHAKTER as a MEANS of obtaining the people ' s rights }; and the LAND is the END they have in view , when the Charter has become the law . I propose then that the ' United Chartists of Great Britain and Ireland , ' should state to the world , the nature of the Means and of the End they have in view ; that men of property , and' timid people generally , should not regard tbe Chartist body as a party struggling for power to disorganize society and introduce a reign of terror . " I shall offer no remarks on the Or ^ an zition of the Executive ; as I have no doubt that Mr . O'Connor and his friends will do that part of the business well ; but I will state my views , with you permission , of what should be incorporated in tbe general plan of union ,

    particularly with regard to the END all have in view—tbe elevation of the people . Hitherto , the agitation for the Charter bas been too exclusively political , I think j and , should ba now enlarged to a universal scale of action which includes religious , social , and industrial improve * ment For this End I propose , then , that the peopla of Great Britain and Ireland form one general union , or a peacefully united industrial army to destroy all false monopolies -which are injurious to tbe interests of the labouring millions , who bave no other property in the world but that of mental or manual labour ; and I further propose that tbia industrial army of peace should be formed of various opinions , rallied , in particular bodies , round ONE general standard , sa different corps employing different weapons , artillery , rifles .

    sword ' s and bayonets , rally round one military standard in national warfare . The one general standard of this peaceful industrial army then , to be the CHARTER ; and all the different sects of opinion to rally round tha standard , to fight the peaceful Datf . e of opinion to obtain the people ' s rights . The Charter is the first thing to bebe obtained as a MEANS to an END ; and all parties are to agitate for this before they make a general effort for a further object . AH should agree unanimously on this ONE point , the first in otdei at time and unity of action ; the political part of the Kreafe battle ofthe people against monopoly and Blavery . Oa th , is , all can a gree , and should , and I hope wilL Now conies the question of differences with regard to the END of the first great movement of

    the moral army ; for the Charter will only put the . people in possession of the citadel of legislation ; and when they have gained pbssession of that citadel , the battle for the Charter will be over , but not the battle for the social , and religious , and industrial elevation of tbe millions ; and the Generals of the great industrial peaceful army of the peeple , now about to be re-organized , should lay down tbeir plan of the whole campaign from beginning to end , that the victory may be final , and tho people thoroughly emancipated from political , and social , and industrial degradation . The citadel of legislation may be stormed , then , morally , by one massive phalanx of opinion under the banner of the Charter ; but different corps must be form « d to harmonise the various

    opinions concerning the best means of obtaining the tand , as the basis of improvement for the millions . When the Charter has been gained , the Land must be obtained : and there are different opinions in society with- regard to the best means of locating the people on the land for mutual advantage . to all ciaBsesand all parties . One plan has been proposed by Mr . O'Connor—the allotment , or small-far ib system ; another by the Socialists—C immunity of property - and another by the Phalanxteriana—Joint-stock associations , in which labour ranks equally with capital—in copartnership , by which means machinery is made to labour for the moss , and not against

    them . These are the three general divisions of opinion with regard to the land , which could not act together on that question when the Charter has became the law ; but who might and ought to act together for the Charter , with an understanding that each of their plans respectively should have a fair trial when the government of the people derives ita power from the people . " In addition to these three parties differing in opinion with regard to the land , there are some who do not think it necessary to locate the people on tbe land ; but that Legislative Reform , alone , with better Government , is a ! l that is required ; aad some who think that Free Trade in . everything is all that would be necessary to protect the people from misery .

    " These diverse opinions cannot be absorbed in one ; and hence it is important that they should ba conciliated independently , as varieties of one harmouioua concert , for the elevation of the people—a point on which they all . agree in opposition to tbe Tories , who waat to keep bold of their monopolies and privileges , without any regard to the rights and interests of other classes , beyond the formal operations of a class-made law ; and also , in opposition to the Whigs , who only want Free Trade , that they may enrich themselves , by the labours of the people , and feed their little cattle , well or ill , according to the quantity of work they want performed by them as hireling slaves . These two parties want nothing for the people ; they want all tot themselves alons , and therefore they could not be conciliated by tbe people , nor enlisted in ths paople'a cause ; but all the others may and should be .

    "Tbe great industrial moral army , then—the united Caartisteof Great Britain and Iteiand , might be divided into five distinct corps , for fatttr ' e operations , after the Charter bad been obtained by one united effort , like an army containing a central division , with a left hand wing and a right hand wing , besides a corps of sharpshooters , and a host of nondescript followers of the camp , thus : — fA . Political Chartists " \ 1 1 . Social st Caartiats / tht ? chartists i - Sma 11 Fam clwtiBts f And . chartists \ pQRjanxt 6 rian chartists i V . n . Frea Trade Chartists . J

    " These parties may easily agree to differ with , regard to future operations , while they gain the Charter , as the tir 8 t great object of the Uoion ; aad with , an understanding that eaub . plan should hava a fair trial after the Charter bad been gained , tb * y might freely discuss amongst themselves , without bitterness or opposition , tho relative merits of these plana respectively , and enlist themsBlvea in whichever corps they liked , for future operations . This would be hirmoaioas variety in unity , benefitting all , and tyrannising over none ; as ever body would be free so adopt his ow . i opinion with regard Jo the land , or other meana of elevating the religious and the social condition of tha pe 6 ple . Many of your ' readers may not know what the Phalanxteriafl plan is ; and for thw ' r information , a , ud witH

    your permission , I will refer thena to a ' Letter to Mr . O'Connor , written by Samuel Weilwood , 4 handloom weaver , is Glasgow , on the question of the land , in which , with respectful deference to Mr . O'Connor ; and admiration for his political efforts , he contrasts the Piiuianxterian plan with the small farm system . The letter may be had of any newsvender , or from Cieave , or the publisher , at the ofike of the London Phulaux , Catherine-street , Strand , London . Price three naif pence . To the trade one p « nny . " I am a Pbalaosterian , and I hope that the spirit which leads me . to offer n ) y co-operation to the peaceful army of labour to obtain the Charter , withoat

    saccriaclng opinions concerning the best method of improving the condition of the peeple as an END , when tsa Charter has been obtained as a MEANS , will KJdnce thoss who prefer the Small Farm System , or the Community System , to co-operate frealy in tbe peaceful struggle ; and agree to diffisr with enlightened sympathy for each other and respect for different opinions advocated with sincerity and liberality . Tais is in fact the very principle of liberality aud cordial union for a general end ; for peopia never did , and I believe they never will , agree m doctrinal opinions of religion or political economy . Variety should , then , be hasmouized in unity .

    " Women should be generally prevailed upon , also , to j -tin tbe peacsfnl army ; if not to struggle in political antagonism , at least to join the social ani religious divisioKs , to promote tbe education of their children when tha land has been obtained , and thus prepare thfeniBfelves for higher duties when ths first graat straggle has subsided . I believe , Mr . E litor , that this incorporation of ths social and religious el amenta of pro-Afdjss in the people's Union would multiply its power beyond calculation ; and t submit it to you , aad to your readers , in the religious hop *) of its adoption for the good of alL 11 Yours , in all sincerity , " Hugh dohertt . " In addition to . all these , W 8 luvc this w < ek received communications from Mr . R . T . Mobrisom ^ Nottingham , aud Mr . G . J . Harm . w , of SktffiaM . Mr . Morrison says : - Continued ik our eighth p » fff'J

    Untitled Article

    THE NORTHERN jl T A R i ' 7

• Citation
  • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 15, 1843, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct490/page/7/