Current:

Northern Star (1837-1852), 15th July 1843, Edition 2 of 5, Page 6, Untitled Article

Page 6
Page 6
6 of 8

On this page

  • Text (8)
  • Transcript

    • Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software. The text has not been manually corrected and should not be relied on to be an accurate representation of the item.

      Additionally, when viewing full transcripts, extracted text may not be in the same order as the original document.

      Untitled Article

      EMIGRATION . OBSEBTAJIOXS COKJTECIED WITH MB . Tl'IHETSLTS TOUB . Slaving now completed the iotes of my tonr , in the course ofrrbJCii tbe reader will , no doubt , b&fe pereeiYed the various advantages whieh would accrue to Emigrants possessed of * . little capital , industrious habits and a persevering spirit , I shall proceed to makes , few observatioW relaSve to the formation of *• 33 » British Emigrants MnVnnl aid Society , " e £ ta ¥ Jished in Halifax , September 7 ft , 1842 1 a copy of * he rules of which Society-J « feaU presentto the reader , in tmJer the more explieafly to convey to the public mind the intrinsic object intended to hfi attained , and -which I verily teliere to be-easy ofaeeompliabmsnt

      My next pnrposs Trill be to supply snch information toEarigrantrssappears tome Indispensably necessary to ecabla them to foil Hie stratagems 5 Bd evade the maehlDsHoiis of an Itoei < 1 swindlera-wlio are erer -on the alert lo plunder « w /> -rieEmas ike unwary- These Vampires ( u- !* 3 I fcwe been seen from the preceding notes ) swarm os both sides the -Aflantic , and evenupon the fees of the great deep j and it -will require Incessant caution and / watchfulness to escape the snares they hare so prefusely spread in the path of the pilgrim Jonrneyxog from the dark regiens of despotism to the " Great Bepnblic . "

      Much has been wrote soS . inneh said , pro and con , respecting the institutions , climate , and soil of America , and also concerning the manners and habits of the people . The factions , and those -wedded to evils ¦ which are tne tnseperaRe concomitants of monarchical yoTenmHsote , { who , by the " way , are only fhoss who irre on the produce of other men's industry , ) have impugned the system of government -which obtains in the States . The interested traveller has dilated on the lateral effects which the climate may probably prodnce 'span the constitutions of Europeans , and- tlso upon the sterility t > f the soil and the immense labour and expense requisite to perfect deariegs , and Tender it productive ; -while others -would have as believe that &b inhabitants see s rude , unsocial , and nnciviIIZ 2 d peopla ¦ aTgpo of wild Indians , or beings approximating thereto , " "Whese / untutor'd minds , Sees God in deeds , Or hears him in the wind " .

      On the otber hang , many exaggerated accounts have been given of the felicity enjoyed in this "land of promise , " ¦ which have induced many to Emigrate under the Idea that on their lanflvng they troold enter a perfect elyEhun , and be blessed -with the fail fruition of all earthly happiness : bat , fjf ^ 'pg their dreams not xeaEzed , ihey have bean filled -with chagrin aaddisap polnbnent . The fact is , man must there , as ¦ well as in every other land , earn his bread hy the sweat of his Jrow . He must labour : but he cos enjoy the fruit of lns ~ own Industry ; he cos " st mirtw Ms own vice and Jn » own Sg tree , seme f » RTjng to make him afraid . " * ! Thers he is , free from-the gaffing yoke of slavery , and can stand erect in the Attitude of a freeman , possessing that inestimable gem , liberty , -without which life cannot t > e enjoyed irith that zest "Bhich was designed to be the lot of man .

      The prrralions and oppressions endured by ihe British operative , and the apparent determination of the factions who alternately rale the destinies of this country to perpetuate the evils of misrule , impelled a nnnst > er of our countrymen to adop ,. measures to escape the worse than Egyptian bondage ; and being acquainted through the publication of the letter addressed by Dr . Smyles to jnyself , { and which I inserted at the commencement of my Journal ) , of the vast resources-of the Western Scales of JTorth America , it was resolved to act upon the suggestions contained In the said letter , it being deemed far more advantageous to migrate to a feome already prepared , and to abide g-rpgng relatives

      and friends , than to pave the way and -settle among strangers "vrhen they had arrived in a foreign land . And , moreover , the scanty means which protracted tyranny has left at the disposal of workine men rendered it stsolulely necessary to co-operate for the aegzdozizoa of timUs to compass the desired object . Eence the establishment of the society appositely termed - "The British Emigrants ilntual Aid Society , " file character and design of which I cannot better describe than by Ihe paclicatzon of the Tales by which it iaecmthacted . They Ere somewhat lengthy : neverthe less , I © pine that the reader willf arise from the psrosal \ riQi a feeling of satisfaction that the time devoted to » ypff g TuniTrmfffrp ft «» not beflU Tnieponf .

      3 EEES . Bale lit—That Oils Society be denominated the ItritiKh Emigrants * llntual Aid Society , and that all xules and re ^ ulafioDS be ^ object to , and is accordance With , thB auprema laws of the state or territory in which Ihe colony may be located . 2 nd . —Ihat the object ef * M « Society is the purchase ol a tract of unappropriated land in the State of Wisconsin , or -other "Western State as may on inspection by a deputation of one or more competent persons be deemed most suitable for the purposes of a . colony of settlers from Oils country , upon a principle of mutual assistance .

      3 rd . —When « nffipgnr money is subscribed , one or more persons shall l > e sect out with power to select and purchase the land , and procure a surrey thereof , under promise 02 written assurance of the Society that the money «^» Ji be transmitted through the ft « T >^« of the ^ Tngrfrsm Consul resident in Liverpool , to the United States'eoTernment Agent , authorized to receive the aae in that country . ith . —That Ihe subscriptions to this Society be deposited in the Halifax Joint Stock Bank , and when the purchase Is completed he transferred to the Amc ^ rem Consul ijfbo has engaged to transact this business through an order sanctioned by the signatures of threefourths of the members , and presented by the committee in the bankers .

      51 b , —Thai this Society be composed of as manysnb senbexsssTnn . take up , or purchase thirty-two sections of land , or 20 , 4 S 0 acres -at Congress price ( 2 ^ dollar ) "srLicii shall be divisable amongst the said members in propoitioB to their respective subscriptions , In ten acre lots , so as to give the poorest an equal benefit in the distnbunon and choice with the larger purbasers , yet not limiSng any subscriber in his amount of purchase . 6 th- —That in order to organise and carry into effective operation the objects of this Association , thirteen members te chosen at a public general meeting , to form » committee ol ^ management , from amongst whom a

      preacEnt , Tice president , treasurer , and secretary ,-be appointed annually j four members of ihe Committte as they stano upon the list to letire annually but to be -eligible to re-election ; ¦ which election shall be annual , on a day hereafter to be fixed ' ; first the committee , then the officers out of that committee ; In both eases by ¦ ballot , 01 vote of all the members o ! the Society ; the majority to determins and be fiaal ; every shaieholder f rom one to twenty to have two vote * , and so in proportion , inereiaing on * vote every ten shares . seven of tfce committee 5 o 1 )© a quorum , anfl the majority of that quorum to detenrise .

      7 th . —Thai the President in all cases ( after the establishment of the Colony , " ) have a triple Tote , and \ hc vice president the same when acting as president , in ike president' s absence ; but not in other cases , or but his single -cote when acting in his own capacity . jmi . "That the m ^ i ^ nilrh * shall , previous to the completion of the purchase , appoint seven of the subscribers as faenstees for the property jointly , in whose same the pirrchMift shall be effected , and to whom it l ihan be conveyed in trust to the use of the said subscribers , and be by thB said trustees re-conveyed to the sad subscribers individually , describing his lot or fihsre by its number and contents in aeasare upon the surveyor ^ plan hereafter to be made , a true copy of which , or the original shall always be in the possession or keeping of Sib said trustees for general reference , and be lithographed for distribution amongst the subscribers . In case of the death of a Trustee , a succeHsor shall , as soon after as conveniently may , be appointed by the committee aa in the first instance . -

      sib . That-when sufficient funds are subscribed and paia in , a suitable person or persons be fully authorised under the signzttrre of the committee and Trustees , to go out to the state or territory agreed to , and select , survey , ana purchase a suitable and sufficient tract of land in one or more lots as the same can be obtained , including some u&vigablerriver , or river that may hereafter be ssade navigable for boats or steam Teasels—the said tract of land to be , as much as can bo so obtained , in equal gusntifiescn eaehsidecf the said river , in order to locate every allotment as contiguous as may be

      to water conveyance , and other water purposes—said tract of land to extend along the ianks of said river eight miles in length of the same , and two miles back"WBxds from said nver , on each side respectively , or in traanH ^ y equal to these given dimensions ( the river not to be in Uib measurement *; this will give the quantity of th&tj-two iecfidns , or 20 .-J 80 acres , the amount iequired , and the form will afford the easiest means of access to the greatest number for navigation purposesfor mXQ sites snd other builness situations hereafter T ^ grnnTyg < thn ^^« n «> nr -water or -water power .

      MUl Thai thextatedmteaagi rf Sie « omraitte 8 be fixed for Qffl S » t Wednesday in every menth . Any proprietor nuy attend , but the tniiness toiestexdnstrely with tte « 8 mmUtee—altenUona or lesdnding of the present rules , or proposing s » w ones , to be given notice of in writing at the stated monthly meeting of the committee , one month previous to its discussion . 11 th . That '' mutual aid" be the bond of thij assoaa Son , aa farther specified in rule 12 & 4 and that in coder to accommodate the poorer menibWs , they shall pay one or more shDlingH weekly , accorcung to their ability , Its * every share subscribed for ,-until the full amount of their respective shares be paid up , -which fall amount murt be completed against the time of payment for the general purchase , of

      12 th ^—Thai a * the leading object this Society i , vr ^ " * ° to the poorer aubsedben to the means of lettering their condition , and getting out to the « etu © sient , it is proposed to far "'» Tl roch members with peemdsry a ^ sistaneBi on cosdMon of theu irorJdiig for the person advancing the same , at the rate of wages current at tfce time , in that country . Or by the following method , -nay farming on share * as it is called and practised In some parts of America , the farmer giving Ids labour add attention , the capitalist providing tiie necessary stock , seed , andimplemeDts , and what other Msstancs or jneansmsy be agreed apon—said capitalist zecextisg one-half the produce of Uia land , sad in-

      Untitled Article

      creass of cattle or stock annually , until the wh ^ ie advance -wilh cost of snbsislenca ias may ~ be agreed ) shall be repaid , or the capitalist more easily satisfied ; the lot or Ehare of the person so assisted to be security to the capitalist until the engagement 3 » fulfilled , the com-Br . ttee to have the power of enforcing this role , or hoid toe property in abeyance until the claim be sati fled . 13 in . —That one whole section of land or 640 acres be reserved fora town building lot to be the joint property of the Society in a society capacityi-ytt

      nevertheless any individual may purchase whatever portion he may reqnire as hia own separate and individual property—the proceeds of sach sales to form a fund for general purposes , more especially suchtparpoEefras are of a benevolent nature , beneficial alike to every branch of the Society in the town or country , under the direction and management of the committee for the time being , or such other directing body , under whatever same or denomination they may be known , that the management of the affairs of the Society may be depnted to .

      nth . —That the laying out of the town in streets , squares , market-places , « Uo 6 cieut 8 for public buildings , places of worship , allotments , sites of schools , cemetery , water courses , reservoirs , < fec-, be hereafter determined , excepting the town front to the river , which sbaU be left open full fifty yards in width , the whole length thereof for public pleasure or business , eb may be fitting hereafter , th « se reservations to be made before any allotment for sales or other disposition of the Town Land Lot be made—and if it be found advisable to plant or build a part « f the town on each bank of the river , a similar re ^ ervatien of fifty yards in-width in front of tbe same , be in like manner adopted .

      15 th . —That , in order to provide for the future welfare and prosperity of the Colony , the town allotment be public property for beneficial and liberal purposes , in aid of the whole proprietary in common with the surplus "Township Lands , " as Btated in the 17 th role , whereby an ample and continually increasing fund and revenne will be secured for general service—the order and regnltrily of building in the town better preserved , nuisances prevented , a "better style of buildisg secured ; improvements -will also be more spiritedly undertaken T ? hen a known means 1 b at hand , and the whole community wOl be more benefited by the increased value of the town lots in compact order , than by scattered

      and detached buildings , especially as the greater part of the small town lots must ncessariiylie far apart from their corresponding country allotments , and , at inconvenient distances for joint occupancy—the committee in the early period of the town will be disposed to accommodate all craftsmen and other town residents , with lots suitable to their purposes at very moderate rates during the more « arly periods—and the purchasers of these selected building or town lots will fee more benefited by a suitably selected lot and a public assisting fund , than by having a lot at random , as the choice by ballot would i ecessarOy be , and without the ; advantage of such building fund .

      Or in lien of xbe loth rale above recited ., in case it should be resolved to apportion town building lots to the country land lots , they must necessarily be Email , ic order to give each proprietor a lot and secure a public reserve for streets , roads , public institutions , rqoares , markets , 4 a , and at same time leave sufficient , for contemplated pablic resources , of mutual assistance and pecuniary revenue . If we assnme a town building lot { to every original ten acre country lot ) of ten yards by thirty yards , and as there will be few so small as one only of these , it wOl give ample room for any business premises—then 2048 such lots will amount to 127 acres nearly , which with the river front , —reserve for public institutionssquares—markets , —sites for places of worship , cemetry , Ac . 140 acres , making together 267 acres which deducted from 640 the whole town lot , leaved 373 acres of available property for public rerenne , ; either as rented for farm purposes or as appropriated for sale .

      This disposition of the town lot may perhaps be more acceptable to the subscribers generally than appropriating the whole to public service—and -as immediate shelter will be wanted for the setUeia as they arrive—by tola means they may have a lot of their own after the streets have been marked oft—but in general to farm settlers the lots will not be much benefit , as their risB in price will not be very immediate , and any attention to them will but divert too mneh of their time from their tto them ) more valuable occupation on their country allatments .

      16 th—That as the whole tract or 20 , 480 acres is assumed as subscribed for , it becomes necessary to provide for the different reserves ( viz . ) that there be one acre deducted from every original share or ten acre lot into which the township is assumed as divided , or so considered to be , even though purchased in larger amounts—so that one whole section shall ( abate G 4 acres—the remaining 57 S acres to be considered and taken as one whole section lot—and in like manner the 10 acres reduced to nine acres shall be deemed and taken and called an original ten acre share in consideration of Ihe benefit the whole communnity will -hereafter derive from such appropriation , and which is more fully explained in the ensuing rnlft .

      17 th—That tfce section reserved for building shall be called the " Town Land Lot "—and the balance after all allotments from it are made , shall be pablic property applicable as it is stated in rale 15 along with the balance of the reservation of one acre per original share from the Country Land Lots , after all deductions for highways , && , are made , and shall be called the " Township Lands "— -which two joint properties shall belong to the original share holders , their heirs or assigns , in tout as public property for benevolent and general improvement purposes , under the management of the committee or whatever the managing body may hereafter be called , as stated in the fifteenth rale . ¦

      18 th—When the funds expected from the pnblie property are available , they shall as occasion requires be applied to the assistance of all entitled to the same at the discretion -of th& committee &ctin £ on behalf of the proprietary , in mch manner and proportion as they may at the time think prudent , in the way of loss , apprenticing yonths , relieving widows and inSrm aged , assisting young persons to begin the world , and sach other laudable and benevolent purposes as come within the limits and views of this institution . In all loans and assistance to individuals in the nature of loans , satisfactory security pT > pH be required for the return of the capital , and payment of interest upon the same , hereby securing a permanent and increasing fund for beneficial and charitable purposes both to the present and to future ages , the proper objects of which shall be determined by the recommendation of proprietors and the judgment of the committee .

      19 th . —Should the fnnds arising from the ; public property be at any time more t ^ nn is wanted for current demands , the surplus shall be vested in the purchase of further new and unappropriated land , or other real property , which additional purchases shall merge in the other public property , and thus become a source of continually increasing funds and means of prosperity and COmfoit , and be is like manner as other public property , under the management and ' care of the committee , ox general council , according' as the managing body may hereafter be denominated .

      20 th . —In laying out roads , previous to the sub-divisions -of the general property , the satural nndnlations of the country , and bendings of rivulets shail be accommodated to the greatest advantage , not adhering to straight lines when an advantage or benefit can be obtained by a deviation- ; provided always that exact quarter sections , or any number of exact quarter sections be laid together ; but in dividing the quarter sections into the smaller allotments , straight division lines shall be adopted ; all intractable shapes or odd ^ quantities « f land that may be cut off from any of the divisions , shall be and remain public property until otherwisa disposed of . This is one advantage of having a surplus quantity of bind for public disposal , odd quantities can be thrown off in this manner without inconveniencing any one , yet remaining valuable to the general body as public lands available for sale or other purposes . -

      21 st—That when the land is purchased , it shall be surveyed and divided according to the prev i ous rule , and rale 16 , into sections of i > 76 acres ; and furthsr into-quarter sections of 144 acres , « ach section numbered with its corresponding quarters . Then Cuch of the quarters as shall be determined by ballot , for choice , to be subdivided into nine acres or original shares , as is agreed to in rule 16 , in order to accommodate the smallest purchasers ; and that therefore the ballot * for cbeice be in Quarter sections , those having subscribed for more than one quarter -section , to complete ( heir choice from the same drawing , either in lots adjoining , or otherwise at their own option . '

      Subscribers for the small lots , or original shares to unite in numbers equal to quarter sections , and draw for choice for that amount , by one of their own body or number ; then in a similar manner draw again for the choice of the smaller lots , completing their quantity from one drawing , if they require more than one of the said small lots , proceeding in this manner until the whole is appropriated . 22 nd . —Tnat all the residue and remainder of the property after the ro * ds and other reserves have been deducted , and all the shares , * a , * ppropriatedj shall be and remain public property as by rule 17 is determined ; this arrangement affords the subscribers an opportunity of choice to the last , as there will be several shares thn > unappropriated , and a considerable accession to public property available as mutual aid , as explained in the 18 th rale .

      23 « i—When the town lot , the highways , and other roads to private ocenpancy , and all the sections and * naroi shall have been appropriated , the remainder shall he prittic property u stated in the 17 th rule , and shall 1 » applied as is there and elsewhere directed , ot in rewards to individuals for services in establishing

      Untitled Article

      « n ^> methodof balloting adopted intbis role , * is to avoid the great d 1 fflsulty of apportioning the respective amslllots ao as to afibrf the ^ rtetor ? the optionTof ebwee , en account trf the imp ^ llity of t ££ all Ss ^ aSSEHS SSafSSSfSSSS

      Untitled Article

      this coiany or township , in lieu of money payments during toe infancy of the establishment cs in the judgment of the committee shall e ^ em proper , but not to apply to tho expenses of- survey , going out , selecting , &c , as these must be met with present money payment 24 th . —That -when , any of the smaller lots that have been balloted for in quarter sections shall fall out inconvenient for occupation , from tbe circumstance of being much insulated from the occupation reads , or vrasting too much Ian Js in such roads , the proprietor of said lot or lots ( may have a fresh choice according to measure and quality out of the unappropriated or

      surplus landB at bis or their option if applied for to the committee within twelve months from the time of tbe original ballot ( that all may be satisfied , and all may be comfortable ) by ] paying into the public treasury , one dollar for each ; and every such small lot , and the expenses that may be thereby incurred—and may farther if desirable at the time of snch exchange , enlarge his lot from land at ? joining his freah choice or <; taer unappropriated [ land by purchase at the valuation of the Committee , and may be accommodated in the payment by security in the premises at the discretion of the committee—this is another advantage derivable from tbe surplus or township appropriation .

      2 blb . —That the town front next the river shall be left open and free , as stated in the rule , for public promenade , health , and greater safety from accidental floods in case such should occur , which sometimes happens in America in even well selecte-l sites—that the houses be all built with the first floor a few feet above the natural level of the land—it -will give greater scops to tbe future Improvement of the street—and that foot paths be left free for pnblie use along both banks of the river , the whole length of the township ( eight miles ) for the exercise and health of the inhabitants , and that styles « r gates be fixed to accommodate tbe Bame , and that the said foot paths be always kept in sufficient passable or walking repair , by the owners of the lands respectively , the committee to have power to enforce the same .

      26 th . —That in selecting the town site especial regard be bad to future capabilities or possible futuro capabilities ,- choosing a rather elevated situation near a navigable river , for ^ sfuture conveyance of merchandize , should be a first essential , —salubrity and good soil with contiguity of fuelanother , though navigation may relieve or assist in tho article of fud—then the land to tbe extent required to bo selected in the form described in tbe 9 th rule or as near as may be—and as the command of water power is one of the most essential points as regards town employment , and without town employment so town cap make much progress—this by a judicious foresight may be obtained to a great extent by selecting as above stated , a town site upon somewhat of an eminence , or elevated plot , or gentle rise near the river : then previous to any allotment being made , o

      tract of land ranging to some convenient higher point of tbe river sbonld be determined upon , and reserved for the purpose of a -water course or canal * to terminate npon the highest level of said eminence , yet sufficiently regulated to prevent any overflow to the damage of the town or adjacent lands , —here a reservoir would command every point : of the town for domestic supply , and furnish power to any number of mills the original stream may be equal to : this also to be public property , and be undertaken at public cost , and will bscome a source of great and advancing revenue as tho town advances in business and population , by sale , or renting tbe power , as the ; Bame may be required—but in the mean time tbe tract need only be reserved—scrupulous ]/ reserved as an essential to the future prosperity of the town .+

      27 fcu- —That building sites for two hotels be set off from the town allotment , at the two opposite corners of tbe foot of the principal cross street , and fronting tbe river , of such dimensions as may be thought sufficient , which said street shall be at least thirty yards wide , extending across tbe whole town allotment from the river to the town ' s utmost boundary , expanding to a square sufficient to accommodate the future market , at tbe low end thereof , and shall be called Marketstreet , and Market-square respectively . The said building Bites shall be set out previous to any apportionment of the town lot to tbe subscribers and shall be public reserved property for tbe express purpose , and built at public expense , in tho speediest

      manner for the immediate accommodation of arriving parties until their own dwellings can be completed , which said temporary hotels shall remain public piopetty , and be conducted now and in future as Temperance Hotels , and be under the superintendence of tba committee and- hava pecuniary assistance from them at discretion until able to support thsmseives , but shall always hereafter with all others be conducted upon strict principles of total abstinence from spiritous liquors , and upon this account is tbe pecuniary assistance given , and that no other description of hotel be ever permitted ; thus one fruitful source of misery and crime is intended to be prevented from the very commencement of this interesting settlement

      And provided the Colony should be located in the State of Illinois or in the Territories of Iowa oi Wisconsin , a most pleasing and profitable employment ' might be pursued by females and the younger branches of / amilies , encouraging tbe growth of the Mulberry Tree and the Increase of the Silk Worm . 28 th . —That a suitable site for a publio school and master ' s house , with room for ample conveniences to the same , be reserved from tbe town lot , regard being bad to the most desirable and central situation , the expense of building and master ' s salary to be defrayed from the public fnnds or proceeds of the pnblie lands sufficient to encourage a first-rate teacher , tbe test of whese abilities shall be judged of by some future determination , aa also whose children be free or otherwise—a similar appropriation Bhall uIbo be made in the country districts upon similar principles .

      29 th . —That a reserve be made out of tbe town lot to assist or form a salary for a clever medical practitioner , whose abilities must be sufficiently attested ; this in order to secure a respectable one from the commencement . 30 th . —That a reserve of five acres ot land in some suitable location in . the town lot be appropriated ta a cemetery equally available to all classes—nevertheless private family portions may be disposed of by the committee to such as require that privilege ; tbe proceeds of these sales to be in aid of tbe public funds or treasury , and under the management of the committee . 21 st—That a pablic saw and grist mill be at the earliest opportunity proceeded with , as public property , under the direction ef tbe committee , and regulated hereafter as occasion may require .

      X 32 nd . —That all woods , waters , water courses , quarries of every material , mines , and minerals , shall be freely and fully enjoyed by and wholly the property of the proprietor In whose lands they may be included . 33 rd . —That all forms of religion be equally respected and accommodated as regards property , and their ministers supported in such manner as their respective congregations approve . 34 th . —Tnat all cases of difference or dispute be settled by arbitration , in order to preserve tbe harmony and unanimity of the society ; and that the committee or council ( whichever name the acting body are known by hereafter ) be considered standing arbitrators , to whom all snch cases shall be referred , or to -whom the ; shall appoint . ¦

      35 th . —In case of an original proprietor , bis heirs or assigns , disposing of the whole of bis allotment , tbe beneficial right in the township and town funds shall be in the purchaser , provided he buy the whole allotment—but if it to sold in parcels the said right shall be adjudicated amongst the respective purchasers by the committee or their successors jointly with the trustees of thfe township lands , by a majerity of at least twothjnis in number and value . 36 th . —That each member pay threepence per month for every ten acres , ' lot subscribed for , towards the expenses of Bending out persons to select and purchase the land , surveying , dividing , and other incidental expenses , until the whole be completed , and the full amount of said expenses discharged .

      37 th . —That persons wishing to retire from this society § be allowed to dispose of their lots to any other person , with the consent of the committee ; the purchaser thereof making good all arrears , if any , or to be liable to the same in like manner as the original proprietor wonld have been . 38 th . —That If any lot or lots of land remain two years unclaimed , or unoccupied , after the adjudication or apportioning of the same , they shall be forfeited and merge In tbe general property , because this is not a scheme or speculation of profit by purchasing land with a view of gain by the improvements of others , but as a me&BB of bettering the condition of the industrious , by mutual simultaneous exertion .

      39 th . —That none but persons of known good repntation , and of sober and industrious habits , be encouraged to join this society ; this is essential .

      Untitled Article

      * All along which : canal there would be powerful waterfalls down to tbe river again , of different degrees of elevation , more especially ai the terminus in the town , where they might probably range from twenty to thirty or forty feet , with a constant head of water in the reservoir so as to be at all times preserved from the power of frost . ¦ ¦ f- If a sufficiently powerful river bs selected , which may doubtless be found either npon the Mississippi or Wisconsin rivers in the territory of Wisconsin j the situation commanding : the whole valley of tbe Mississippi by water communication , and its numerous branch navigations opening out the vast territories . of the Par West , as a market for its manufactures of whatever kind , and ihe great facilities the said navigation affords foi obtaining the rawimaterial from the lower States bordering on the Mississippi .

      Iron ore of the finest quality is had from the Iron Mountains of Missouri , where it is procured without digging for * merely taken from the surface ot ihe mountains . There is also the probability of finding coal in the Wisconsin or Iowa district ; it is already in inexhaustible quantities in the neighbouring state of Pennsylvania . J It will behove the parties making the contract with the Government Agent to attend to tbe subject matter of this rule , as they cannot give a perfect title unless they themselves possess it

      § Before they have fully paid np their subscriptions , er nave received their title deeds ; for after completing their purchase , it is -evident they may dispose of their property as they please .

      Untitled Article

      40 th . —That although eo : ne of these rules aro calculated fo * the future , or advanced state of the association , yiat as they show a provision for the same , it is resolved that they stand as part of the code—subject neverthele 83 "to revision—improvement , or even rescinding according to future circumstances , at any general meeting of the proprietary called for the purpose—of whjch meeting a full month's pablic notice shall be given to the said proprietary previous to discussing tho gulject—and that no rule shall be dispensed with , or become ^ binding , but by the authority of meetings so constituted or called together .,

      41 st—Persons residing in any part of the country may form societies on these rules , by sending the names of new members to be entered in the general register ! monthly , otid by transmitting their subscriptions quarterly , to be deposited in the Halifax Joint Stock Bank ; and for copies of roles , and , an ; other information connected with - tbe society , application may be made to any of the following gentlemen , and if by letter post-paid , inclosing three penny postage stamps . Mr . Pitkethley , Merchant , Boston Road , Hudderafield . i Mr . Jabtz Todd , Grocer , Uppeihead Row , Haddersfield . Mr . Joseph Nicholson , Printer , Grove Street , Halifas ., : Mr . William Haigh , Gentleman , Wade Street , Halifax . Mr . Thomas Bewley , Gentleman , Setmurthy , near Cocker mouth , Cumberland . Mr . Elijah Crabttee , Agent , Broad Street , Halfax .

      Untitled Article

      in cur own institution ^ , and all tbat can be culled from the Americans , or other sources , ancient or new , forming a complete establishment of judicial , social , moral , and intellectual worth . " Perhaps I may be ; running alonff too fft 3 t ; but it ia well to have every possible combinatiou of good in view , and to plan ascordlngly . Whatever is omitted or neglected in tke outset is with difficulty aft rwards brought into operation . " I am decidedly bf opinion that agrist and s * w mill should be undertaken in the first instance by . the

      Association , unless some experienced person should be desirous of undertaking it on his own account . Even that is not the most desirable ; they are tbe two moat essential first requisites , and ought to be at the command of the directing body . A . short paragraph in our local papers , referring ) to some known person for information , may , when that information is complete , be useful and proper . When any communication on the subject is committed tb your papers , please forward a copy to my address . I " I am moat respectfully tby friend , Thomas Bewley .

      Untitled Article

      hity of small ti-was and villages . Imagine then how much greater the difference moat be in tho remote parts of tho United States where there are so few settlements . I havo in th . 9 " Notes of my Tour ' given some few cases , especially at Chicago , of the rapid rise in the value of laud , and particularly building ground ; and one instance where about a quarter of an acre had risen within afeW years from five-sixteenths of a dollar to forty thousand dollars . This was effected by an increase of population , and the consequent establishment of a little traffic , which , with a moderate number of colonists , could most assuredly be equalled in the projected colony in a very few years , and ¦ which must induce the rich to invest their funds in tho soil , and also in carrying out such improvements as may be deemed necessary ; snch as roads , bridges , canals , or railways , and in assisting poor persons to locate themselves npon the land , all which departments being alike sure and profUftVila investments .

      Persons-who have been engaged in agricultural pursuits ought to take a deep interest in the formation of tbe colony ; farmers being pre-eminently qualified for tbe object , while it affords the most ample field for . the display of their skill and talent . The breeding and rearing of cattle and- sheep may be turned to good account , and fowls may be increased to any extent Many have turned their attention to the breeding of sheep and growth of wool . I Baw some of the finest sbeep I ever beheld , and I have no doubt bat the flnesfc wool may be grown in the Far West ; and for carrying on manufactures of every necessary description there can be- every possible facility afforded . ¦ It is not improbable tbat minerals may be obtained fa the colony , which would afford an additional source of industry and wealth .

      The selection of the situation must be made with great care and caution , ' after the most minute enquiries and investigation of all tbe regions within the prescribed territories . The extent of land on which to select' thejlocation is so immense ; the quality so various ; the difference of situation so important ; the- ' existence , of water-falls of any weight and extent for mechanical purposes ; the certainty tbat coal and other valuable minerals abound ; the knowledge that the difference between prairie and wooded land in regard to clearing and cultivation , and tbat part wooded and part clear is , with a good soil , no secondary consideration , nor that water and other cheap and easy conveyance to a good market most not be lost sight of , and tbat a healthy situation is abova all other considerations , renders the trust of selection one of vast responsibility .

      The extent of population gives additional valua to tbe land , buildings , mines , and every description of produce . In the Western States of North America , where the population is so small , this is peculiarly visible . To this the Yankees , by birth or adoption , are perfectly alive , which is made evident to every one who visits them , and who are one and all hotly pressed , by every argument which ingenuity can devise , to settle on their land , or in their immediate neighbourhood . Wherever a town can be projected and designated by the name of s ? me European metropolis , or city of renown , up gets the price of land , or plots , set apart by the projector for building , from the original price of one and a quarter dollars per acre , to ten ; twenty ,

      forty , eighty , and upwards , for one-eighth part of am acre . I have seen a plot of this kind get up to 40 , 000 dollars , as stated in my account of Chicago . In an infant town , of no large population , if a house is required upon rent , nearly , if not altogether , the amount which tbe building cost will be charged for one year ' s rent , so that by going ont individually , or in single families , as is generally the case , the tax in this way upon Emigrants is enormous ; I therefore prefei a scheme of " Mutual Aid , " but independent property colony ; whereby , 'instead of submitting to such heavy imposts , we shall be enabled to give Brother Jonathan a Rowland for an Oliver and be ourselves enabled to sell building plots in tbe

      projected town , in the centre of tba colony , to our brethren at their own price ; or bouses may be built , as they do theirs , at a very BvnaU cost , and let to them on their own terms . And be it understood that while the town increases in siz 3 and population the property will proporHonablJ increase in value , and the fartna and country allotments will be increased in the same ratio ; and in a very short time , with proper management , would enable the fortunate holders to sell , if they so wished it , at twenty dollars per acre , and that would go on increasing to more than double the amount in value . This ia no visionary picture , for I have seen it to an immense extent : and this is one great source of wealth to the Americans .

      The first public property in that colony would , in all probability , be a grist mill , next a saw mill , then such schoolB as might be required for the ckUdxen , a post office , library and news-room . Every description of manufactures found necessary could be carried on by water power . The finest sheep could be bred and kept . Exceedingly fine wool could be grown at a very trifling expence , also flix and hemp . Tbe mulberry ( and a new plant the name of which I have lost ) is cultivated and many employed at their own homes in manufacturing silk from the worm . Farmers , mechanists , and artificers in every department of trade would be required .

      Let it be borne in mind that I advise none to leave their native land ; I would rather they would rise in all their native dignity , display their own omnipotence , regenerate their fallen country , and , with i t , themselves . Such a triumph would be wortb a universe ! Emigration schemes would lose their charms , and evaporate , while all would remain on their native soil , in tbe midst ef plenty , contentment , and happiness . Could I but discover one dawn of hope—could virtue and patriotism be so far united as to inspire my countrymen to make one grand , united , peaceful , but determined effort , my paper , pen , and ink would instantly lay nnnsed , and I should be found in t&e front of the hoi ? band .

      I work for those who love liberty sufficiently to cause them to watch its enemies so closely , as to keep one eye open while asleep ; who are ready at all times for the field of combat against the common foe ; but I hold no communion with the monsters in human shape who are ever ready to devour our species . Therefore I shall proceed to carry forward my views for the benefit of the deserving few , in the anxious hope that my information and experience may in some measure conduce to their happineass . ( To be continued . )

      Untitled Article

      Singular Suit . —The German papers speak of a strange circumstance , which is about to give birth to a law suit . A middle-aged man was not long since playing pharo at Koethen , in the principality of Anhalt . He had been playing for some time , when the card he held won 1 , 000 ducats . The dealer handed over the money , and inquired how he wished to continue the game ; bat the made no reply . Repeating the question , and receiving no answer , he

      desired one of the bystanders to see if something was not the matter witn the man . He did so , and the player was found to be a corpse ! The dead body was taken away , and the dealer very coolly drew back his 1 , 000 ducats , saying that the game was a synallagmasio contract , made between persona capable of fulfilling its conditions , and could not be supposed to hold good between the living and the dead . The hairs hava claimed the sum , and the matter has been referred to the tribunals .

      A Wheeling Article . — Going to dinner the other" day , we saw a little codger , about two years ' old . sitting in a wheelbarrow and trying to wheel himself . It struck us that many people in this world are often caught in the same act , and we shall always think—hereafter : — When , we see a business man trusting everything to bis clerks , and continually seeking his own amusement—always absent from hia counting-house , and Vet . expecting to get -along—he ' s sitting in a wheelbarrow , and trying to wheel himself . When we see a professional man better acquainted with , every thing else than his profession , always starting some new scheme , and never attending to his calling , his wardrobe and credit will soon designate him as sitting ia a wheelbarrow , and trying to wheel himself .

      When we see a farmer with an over-abundance of "hired help , " trusting everything to their management , his fences down , implements out of repair , and land suffering for want of proper tillage—too proud or too lazy to off-coat and go to work—he's sitting in a wheelbarrow , trying to wheel himself . When we see a mechanic run half a square every day to borrow a newspaper , and may be have to wait ten or fifteen minutes before he can get it , we shall suspect that the time he loses would soon pay the subscription , and consider him sitting in a wheelbarrow , and trying to wneel himself . When we see a man busily engaged in circulating scandal concerning his neighbour , we infer be is pretty deep in the mud himself , and is Bitting ia a wheelbarrow , and trying to wheel himself out . — Wheeling Gazette .

      More Leeches—Pensions—Civil List . —A List of all Pensions granted between the 20 chday of June 1842 , and the 20 th of June , 1843 , and charged upon the Civil List ( pursuant to the Act of I Victoria , 0 . 2 ); - September 24 , 1842 . —Louisa , Baroness Lehzen ( in Consideration of the fa , ithfal services rendered by her to her Majesty during a period of eighteen year 8 ) , \ £ 400 . Nov . 17 , 1842 .- —Elizabeth Devereax Kennedy and AnnaMaria Kennedy , sisters of Sir Robert Kennedy , late commissary-general , ( Additional pension , m testimony of the publio services of their late brother ) , * m , Nov . 17 , 1842 . —William Wordsworth , E ? q . On consideration of his distinguished literary attainments ) , £ 300 ;

      Nov . 25 , 1842 . —John Curtis , Esq . ( fin consideration of his zealoas devotion to science ) , £ 100 . Nov . 25 , 1842 . —Richard Owen , Esq ., mem ber of the Royal College of Surgeons , Hunterian Professor , and one of the Conservators of the Museum ( in consideration of his distinguished exertions ia the improvement of science ) , £ 200 . Total , £ 1 , 200 . G . Clebk . Whitehall , Treasury Chambers , June 29 .

      Untitled Article

      No . 2 . " Setmurtby , ntarCockermoutb , 11 th mo 16 th , 18 42 . "Esteemed Friend , — -Thy acceptable letter of the 9 th init ., came to hand on the 14 th , having laid at Cockermouth a few days . We have not daily intercourse with the town . " I have paid great attention to its contents . As far as concerns my taking active proceedings in promoting tbe extension of the Association it seems premature , Inasmuch as I am In ignorance of your entire views , conditions , and regulations .

      " If yon have drawn np any prospectus or plan of procedure , I should esteem it a favour if thou wouldat transmit me a copy , in order to weigh the matter , and become fully master of your views of the subject , so as to point ontithe advantages likely to be derived , and to meet the inquiries and objections that may be expected to arise even from those favourable to Emigration and the plan generally ; and , if necessary , to make such additions as my experience of , and my acquaintance with , the country and the habits of tbe people may dictate ; subject , notwithstanding , to tbe approbation of the Association bo far as formed , that we may act in unison . '

      " As Btated in my former letter , my views were latterly limitted to pioneering the road for the benefit cf my nephews , but expanded on the perusal of Dr . Smylea ' s printed letter . As your absence has prevented or delayed intercommunication , so as not fully to understand your views and intended mode of procedure , that object seems now the most necessary first Btep ; and to attain which I am now fully at liberty , as well as to devote my whole attention and energy to its furtherance , in active exertion , if the plan of scheme meet my views ; as also in such suggestions as I may be enabled to lay before the Association for their

      approbation and adoption , as it will be desirable and necessary to meet every possible objection , as well as to give entite satisfaction in the mode of raising the money , its safe deposit until a purchase shall be made , and various iother pecuniary considerations : then the mode of survey , and equitable distribution , roads , reserve for schools , and other beneficial institutions and works , 1 even though not immediately wanted , ought to be foseeeen and provided for , with a very liberal and ample plau and scale of a town by all means upon the banks of a river available to navigation , and on both banks if possible .

      " 1 am conversant in ship and boat building , especially a superior plan of propelling- by steam not yet in practice , peculiarly applicable to inland navigation . I have also been engaged in practical agriculture the greatest part of my life , both in this country and the United States ; and I apprehend the most efficient service I could render would be in that country , in selecting a location , and arranging the purchase , &c , as the thing should be gone about with a considerable knowledge of [ the people and country , with somewhat of apparent jindifferencei but as the Americans say , " wide awake ; " more of this hereafter . In the meantime , I should be glad if you would detail a little of your tour ; your impressions as you went along , both as to tbe country and the people ; the route you took from Montreal ; your interview with Dr . Smyiesj his sentiments in personal communication ; and the locality you might have mest approved for ; future operations , either fn your own judgment , or in conjunction with the Doctor . ? .

      " Your friend , John Leach , who replied to my former letter in your absence , stated that two societies ware being formed or forming—one at Halifax , and the other at Glasgow ; but I hava bad no communication with them , consequently know nothing . of their plans or progress . I have preferred , as it were , laying upon my oars until informed of the result of your tour : and am sorry to find the state of trade and confidence at so low an ebb ; it will discourage many in their views of emigration , for it is astonishing how readily and eagerly people , especially farmers , lay hold of every discouraging circumstance as an excuse for their own apathy : although they acquiesce is the opinion of the benefit of emigration generally , Whilst property remains , they are coward ]/ lodividaally and difficult to be moved ; local prejudices and family ties seem difficult to overcome , f ;

      " . Although 1 am fully able to appreciate all your views to the utmost , it is notwithstanding expedient and desirable to . have one uniform code or plan of procedure , tangible , and comprehensible by all , and to which all may be referred . If this be not already done , it is desirable that it now be forthwith , embracing every substantial fact I could wish us to make a powerful demonstration—a great master effort—one grand model settlement , combining all that is valuable

      Untitled Article

      The original rules of tbe Society were , for the purpose of improvement , placed in the hands of Thomas BewJpy ,. Esq ; . a member of the Society of Friends , resi . iuij at Setmurtby , near Cuckermouth , Cumberland , a gentleman possessed of much practical knowledge , having resided some years in the United States , and devoted much attentien to the subject The forego . ng are ths rules in tbeir improved state , subject , of course , to such amendment as circumBtancea may render expedient . '

      Before I proceed to give those necessary cautions And instructions to Emigrants , without which my object would be incomplete , I beg the attention of the reader to three very important communications I received from my esteemed friend , Mr . Bewley , and which communications are too valuable and too closely interwoven with toy subject , to fee kept from the public eye . I therefore give them without further preface : —

      No . 1 . Setmiiitby , near Cockermouth , 7 th mo . 23 rd , 1842 . Respected Freind . —Having in the course of last week seen an advertisement of a published letter of Dr . John Smiles to yourself , on tfee'sabject of Emigration to the United States , I was induced to send to Manchester for a copy , which having received , I am much struck and animated ; with the correspondence of his views and sentiments with my own . ; " I have been a few years in the States of New York and Pennsylvania , and in the Lower Province of Canada ( four years in the city of Montreal ) , but not in the territory of Wisconsin , though I have beard much of it ; aud which 1 consider highly favourable to the . English agriculturalist , or to the English generally .

      * ' I frequently saw their native papers in Philadelphia , hence my decided good opinion . I bad formed precisely the same idea of a company of known ( to each other ) Englishmen purchasing at once a comprehensive tract of land , combining as much as might be , every requisite for future application , ' as to quality of land , climate , means of transfer , water convenience both for mtchftnical operation and navigation , with other el eeteras . I have been more immediately led to this speculation from , the circumstance of having a few nephews who have ! lost their parents , and whose prospects in this country present nothing but gloom , together with young rising families for whom no cheering prospect can be anticipated . They are at present occupied in farming and mining pursuits , and are healthy , strong , and industrious . :

      ¦ ' I have bad consultations with them on tins subject ; and had formed the plan of going ant with them as pioneer , into this very territory , for some time before seeing the above letter . " Now the perusal has added considerable animation to my mind , and opened a much more extensive view of tbe subject . I should be truly glad to contribute the remaining energies of my mind to the furtherance of some plan of this nature which Dr . Smiles nnd yourself , with others , may coucoct , and as introductory thereto , shall be truly gratified with your correspondence .

      "I have no family of sons , but have two daughters , both married , one in Liverpool , to Robert Abbott , 8 , Elliot-atreet , Clayton-square , and the other to Robert Benson , in Preston , both wholesale grocers and tea dealers ; so that my own family interests form no part of my inducements , but an earnest desire to rescue my unprovided-for nephews from the difficulties staring them in tho face in this country , as also to extend that probable benefit as widely as possible to my Buffering countrymen . I have no wife living—am blessed with exceeding good health aud constitution , with much of the active energy of youth for such undertakings—perhaps superior—being more modified by experience .

      " Dr . Smiles appears to expect you visiting the States this present summer . Should this be the case , perhaps some of your home friends will favour me with the information ; if not , and this comes to your own hand , pledge favour me with your correspondence which 1 shall be happy to respond to . I am , most respectfully , You * friend , Thomas Bewley . " Address me , te the care of Joseph Watson , Danker , Cockermouth . " " To Mr . Pitkethly , Huddersfleld . "

      Untitled Article

      No . 3 . " Setraurtby , near Cockermonth , 12 th Mo . 17 th , 1 S 42 . "Esteemed Friend , L . Pitkethly .- —Thine of the 3 rd inst , and one from E . Crabtree , Halifax , under date 1 st instant , accompanied by the rules of the Emigration Society now forming , came to my band together on the 7 th . He mentioned having received the letter I addressed to | hee on the 16 th ult ., aud which be expressed had given himself and the society at Halifax much satisfaction , j I may in reply , thank you both for your favourable sentiments , and also assure you that it will give me great pleasure to be in any degree " instrumental , " in progressing the society or its views .

      " Since I have received the rules of the society , I have devoted my time very fully to the consideration of them , and to } the r future bearing . I have analyzed them very fully and approve them generallybut as they do not so ' fully embrace the subject as my views extend , I have reconstructed them , retaining the substance and adding what bath so far occurred to myself in addition . Whan I have a little longer weighed their bearing in their more extended form , I intend transmitting a copy to E . Crabtree , and if ] time would permit Whilst thou

      remaineth at Glasgow , I feel disposed to do the same to thyself : perhaps they might be somewhat useful to the society forming there , if they be disposed to form an union with the " West Riding ; " but this I must leave to tby better means of judging . An additional reason for uniting the two societies ia the smallness of the land allotment Hxed-by your rules , viz , 10 , 240 ceres—it will incur nearly as much expense ia a person going out , selecting , surveying and purchasing as a larger lot . ( I should suppose one competent person sufficient on account of the expenses , or rather in oruer to keep them as low as possible . )

      I have fixed , and calculated according to double that quantity , viz ., 20 , 480 acres , and have also varied the form , say eight miles in ! length , by four in breadth , to be if possible in equal , ! or nearly equal halves on each Bide of some navigable j river , or one that can easily be made navigable for boats or steam vessels . ( I have previoueiy mentioned my acquaintance with steam navigation . ) Steam vessels Jn America are made to draw very little water , I should ssy two-and-a-half or three feet may be found sufficient for such inland navigation , as is here contemplated . )

      " Then the form ef jthe plot of land I have mentioned admits of the greatest facility to the most remote settlers upon it , as none will be over two miles from water carriage , and it may be further possible to meet with some branch navigation making it still more accessible , but at all events ' , it may be aaid to bring the most remote within the limits here assumed . " Then the larger the ! plot , tbe less the outside fence -will be in proportion , j A . larger association will also reduce the individual outlay , fur unavoidable expenses in the purchase , survey , &c . I also differ from the rules in regard to the town lot . 1 prefer its being public or joint property , for several reasons which are given in the rules I have alluded to ; and as the town let will necessarily have to bejdeducted from tbe aggregate amount of acres in whatever way appropriated ; the highways and uccupatiou roads mu 3 t also be abated from the said aggregate ] : it therefore follows that full ten acres cannot be set out to each share . I have

      therefore so apportioned these shares as to meet the circumstances , and leaveja balance as public propertystill calling the ten acres shares—" original ton acre lots , " which I think will receive no opposition , as each individual will have anj interest and a benefit in the public property , aud in its increasing value . And further , the present ( sacrifice ia so tuning , in tbe first instance . The roads , at all events , must have to be abated before any appropriation can take place , all this will more fully appear upon reference to the said code of rules , which I have with considerable attention and care drawn up for the consideration of the tociety , em-, bodying their views as much as I can with my own , as before observed . \ " I hope thou has been able in the course of thy journey to find persons who duly appreciate the merita of the . plan , and who will spiritedly co-operate in its completion . I wait with anxious desire to know what may . probably be expected , and should indeed be highly

      gratified whenever opportunity and place can be found for personal interview . " From E . Crabtree ' s letter , it appears but few seem yet to have embraced the plan , and from the slender amount of acres I should suppose those few of rather slender means . It will be necessaiy , if possible , to have some pretty weighty subscribers . I should like to hear of individuals , practical agriculturalists , putting down their names for whole sections ; theia ought to be a decided majority of that profession , for although others may become farmers , they will themselves labour under considerable inconvenience for years , tbat is , in comparison with those more familiar with the business . Moreover , there is the necessity for men of capital . I Bhall with pleasure resume , after I hear from thee and after thy return ; and in ( the mean time , rest assured of my sincere friendship and interest in the project , "lun tby friend , ! " Thos . Bewley . "

      I have considered that jt will be useful to the public to publish the Letter , No . 1 , from Thomas Bewley , because by it will be showa , that with his experience obtained by an eight years' residence , be Bad , before the perusal of Dr . Smyles's letter to myself , formed a plan of going out in order to provide such homes and comfort for hia nephews as he could not effect in their own country . The ) spirit of this letter is . precisely what is required to be infused into society ; while the views of this plain spoken gentleman cannot fail to enlighten and stimulate the mind to virtuous exertion both at home and abroad . |

      Mr . Bewley ' s letter , No . 2 , breathes a combined spirit of caution , utility , arrangement , organisation , discernment , and kindness ; and also conveys his and my own views of the obje : t to be attained , in a manner superior to my own . j It likewise shows how the rules and regulations may be brought to maturity . Letter , No . 3 , is no leas' valuable than the first and secand j inasmuch as it jdemonatratea the practicability and advantages of the [ scheme . It is alsw peculiarly calculated to awaken a spirit of inquiry and criticism which must lead t » a beneficial result , if conducted in a proper spirits It also shows the great advantage which mnst accrue from the application of a mind so admirably calculated to develope the

      principles in all their bearisgs . In the person of Mr . Bawley , we find a gentleman possessing a mind peculiarly adapted to the subject ; a man possessing extensive knowltdge and practical experience , and who being free from the cares of family and business , and secluded from tbe bustling Ithrong , is enabled to devote his entire thoughts to this ] his darling subject ; and I ( eul confident tnat I only echo the feelings of thousands , when 1 say ths » t I feel no less proud than grateful for such invaluable aid . , J

      From my extensive and multifarious communications and correspondence I find that in many instances tbe term " colony" ia confounded with the word " community . " However , let it be understood tbat every property will be distinctly and separately ) the property of an individual or family , or company , as tbe case may be ; bat that no rule exists to prevent any number ot individuals from combining and subscribing for one or more lots , and upon which they pay form a community of goods . That is a matter left entirely to themselves , and to be arranged upon their own estates . Those

      who take 10 , 20 , 40 , 80 , or 100 acres , will , in proportion to the extent , have proportionate interest in the property reserved for general purposes ; but that claim will apply only to the extent of the land , and not to the number of persons located thereon ; and each will have it in his power to dispose of bis property the same as any ene not having entered a colony but who has purchased his property 6 a tbe common individual plan . No other plan than this pxlsts whereby a person can purchase less than eighty acres ; the smallest quantity which , the Government will sell , unless at double , treble , and often ten and twenty-fold the original price .

      The money will be paid : te t e American Consul in this country ; so that no one shall have occasion to be entrusted with the funds , aid , consequently , they cannot be misapplied . The price 1 b one dollar and a quarter per acre , which is equal to five shillings and pence-halfpenny . TenacreajwiU onlj cost £ 1 12 s Id I ! not half the amount paid to many of the aristocrats in the shape of rent for one acre , and from which the tenant is frequently liable to be ejected : whereas the consolation in this casejis in the knowledge that you are settled upon your own land , from which no landlord can remove you—where no one can demand rent , tithes , or Easter dues , ' and where the taxes are

      merely nominal—that yon ore free and independent , and that every improvement ! you effect is for your own advantage , and will be handed down to your posterity . It ia not an affair in which one is to profit by the industry of another : but a scheme for mutual and general advantage , each one having a voice in the government of all publio property , matter , or thing . No speculation with which I am acquainted would afford an equal certainty of a ' jlarge and quick return to any capitalist who might invest hie money in the colony It is universally known that ! even in Britain the price of land is very much affected by the numbers of the population upon it ; that in the neighbourhood of large towns tbe land ia higher in value than it is in the vici-

      Untitled Article

      ______ 6 - TBE NORTHERN STAR _ __ i _

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 15, 1843, page 6, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct490/page/6/