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Northern Star (1837-1852), 8th July 1843, Edition 2 of 5, Page 4, 8To Mexoeve antr ®owe&$ovtoettt8*

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    • THE ISOETHEEN: STAE. SATURDAY, JULY 8, i843.
    • TO THE PEOPLE ON MY RESPECTIVE LECTURING TOURS.
    • 8To Mexoeve antr ®owe&$ovtoettt8*
    • ILETXEBS PHOM TBE MOUNTAINS.
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      Untitled Article

      3 &IAV A SBBJKS OF LETTERS FROM AS OLD M a * TS THE COTnriHT , TO A 7 GTIKG MAK Mi DUBLIN . JF / tHB "The Beauties ** fte * PreaSi * " ase ? prfioj of original Artic ' a , Essays , 4 " * -. - vMch vrfitwJly appeared in ffte " P&ess" * eirspqper , established ist Ireland by Arthur 0 Connor , a / ter O-jt forcible suppression of ihe Horthexn Star © y ife GovernstaO . 2 lETTEB . HI . 1 TY DEAB Tbiekd—The atasSon -of Ireland since TSi . Pitt e&me to £ he _ li ? ad of sffiuts las been daily growing isore critics ! , and ocgnt jaSurally to cave eteited the fesrsjsnd aitesEon of a -aifaiEter of common sssaeiy- HexaJghtlnnre sailed is the borlzin fiie XHiiU clowl See b mas ' s bsadjifcs carbmger of the coming deltige 5 "J 6 * ^ entrusted the chief government of tb ! s most Important , this precious country , —for such it

      3 s to Britain ,- —a * a most lmportest juncture to pageants , to psppete . * ° unreal mockeries . B * w shall » s acconnt for Sas phenomenon" ? - "Why should a minletel of && tjuguuSsdialeEto sect tmt . lS » Dogberry in the play , tbe jno % t -desgrtle £ 3 man "f or office ? Js it that he is aeienninsd in ill his measures to trosttothe opeation « f Wind ehscce , -without the employment rf rational T umm means ? Is it that he concerns it to bs the interest of Britain to ruin Ireland * and employs such persons as fce thinks most fit to accomplish this object ? Is it tfcatiie thinks fools xdll "he most obsequious to the -oiden of the interior British cabinet ? Or is it that he engposssUie headlong temerity of folly and inexperieuca Etaynot see thB danger of critical staatioBs asd may be found touts ready to engage in desptrate experianests ?

      I have often asked myself , why T * as the ^ present Chief SoTemor of Ireland selected for the station ? I ^ issoVdivinB the-cause . I cannot find thct lie possesses any of the talents cf the venerable magistrate , his father I cannot find thai he possesses any . art of coadlistion « -of government , txsept \ re should snppose that a strong head is aperfecScnin the Viceroy of & Province much addicted to the pleasures of the taMe . A political 3 lBntot has been assigned to thif jznr-esifc statesman , younger in govesnnientaad Trisdcm tbsn in years . But "what can-be bosst ? 3 Ineh political craft and Esnguinaiy rashness ; - » blch latter , by the conrtesy of Ireland , is tobe caQedjCrznjzfiss . The great policy of the present sdminlfctEaSon has been directed to two objects—rtsistsnee to the claims of the Catholics , and the depression

      -of the ftfowtf of Parliamentary Reform . With these lieirs the old principle of division 'teas adopted ; the < liBsesaaiu irhich had for some time subsisted between the PretestantB sod Catholic * in the North , " not -without «« ret enconragemen . from certain magistrates , and teea fomented , if not by the positive encouragement , yet iy the connivance , or thB criminal snpineness of © thera , hadatiainedsnch apitch ofinTetefiicy , that the two parties openly resorted to arms and seemed bent on juntas ! erttrminstion . I -will not positively say £ hat-Government Tietred with secret complacency the mortal and rabid animosity that urged the bizois of « ontending sects to an open -warfare -with each other . 3 -HiU not positively attribute to Government a crimisal desire -of Tendering the spirit " « f lanconr and

      - V fp ^ t perseenfion general , as s means of veaken-2 Bg the people , or of turning taem from the pnr-« nit of constitutional objects . Yet certainly these disorders raged -without contrail daring & long period . T 7 > fl . military "whea they -were called out , seemed uniformly to embroil matters still msrs by their interference . : I ieEeTe , on erery occasion , they ranged themselves -with the Orangemen ; and this scane of discrder insfieved by those vho had the fn ! l power of lepressingitTritha degree of apsthy that to me&ppaars , c& otter principles , inexplicable . The ontra ^ cs of the popnlaee m etberparts of Ireland , were , in like manner , snfiered to proceed to great lengths btfoxe any measures - * tr&taken by Gorernmei-t to check them . A small ¦ pimn"h f »> of soldiers , jndidonsly disposed throngh the

      eocntry , » na xmfla &a direction of active and prndenl magistrates , "ff onld soon have restored good order ; bat the persons and habitations of the sentry in those cennties where disturbances prerslled were left for 2 E 2 SJ menihs without any protection , except such as the exertions « f themselves , their servants sad dependants afforded . In fact , it seemed as if Governmcct -riewed JbesfeilJegal proceedings with , acesret joy and trinrnph ; ¦ * riA in a refinement of profound , bat cginriRal policy , -wished to mirinre and forward the spirit of outrage , ¦ fiiai , it migtt be organised and pow into snch a form cf rcgniai insnrrection as wosld fnraifih the prettxt tor laying aside all forms of the constitution , and for introducing a system % & - violent eoexdre measures and a iigorous Government that should coiaprehend and

      compress the innocent with the guilty , alienee the public toke . o-JETi-we the advocates-for freedom , fill 1 he land irSh terror and suspicion , and completely txtrnguisli zB moTements of the people totyards ^ thB attaicment cf thtarttfO fsvonrate « tjects . Perhaps it was hoped and -ecpeeted thsl the men of property , and the friends cf peace and good order in the eonn ^ ry , disgusted by the tendency to riot in the lower d = ss of people , not < jnly might toro w iheiz weight into tbe scale of-GoTsmment , bat xetaally become advocates for an Union of this country with England , which has been a favourite acbems cf - £ b& Britisli cabinet sujos . the time thai lieland is « zma -tzterted oertsin conctrES&BS from the ¦ m > ff *« fif-g snd the apprehensions -of Britain . ' This ninth is undtni&fele ; thai we beard Home cf those who sre ihe most ittimately ctnnectfcd wiih the present < 5 tJTernment and the iest acquainted with ths secrets

      -of the cabinent , sxpre&a the znanstrous wish tbal & whole proTtcce , tiem&st conaderable in the conntry in point of population , industry , property , inibnsaticn and TPffiyly , could he driven lo rebellion ; or vox is open ¦ rebc&im ; tor I do not wish to mis-state or £ ^ tsvate cxpreadans in th ^ msdvES sufficiently abominable . At t ~ h « «>™ time all proposals for an fctquiry in-: o the state of the poor and the grounds of their complaints and -discontents * wss xtprtsented as a f&cUoos attempt to i-flamebytonniTaBce and public ipprobation the disorders of these -who sought for redress through the medium « t tcmiit . " The people might-have grievances , -Imt this was not the time ** — ** the coscessiens ¦ ef justice xafgb . 5 be imputed to inthnidation . " Tbe son cf Government -tyas at last stretched forth ; and the system of rigour began t « be developed in all its iorrors .

      ^ » > tl e XardMgb mraUry Eituab on SBfems have beta ihe firtt iDVentcr of a meaEure , -schith vras after ¦ warda sanctioned sad imitated by the Legislatnre , I 3 aEsn that s > l dwpsiHiij : witli Hie nsoal fermalitiesoJ law , and baiiportiag scspected ptrr = cna fr&m their eonivtry -nnilef thB idea of njsnning the fl ^ et This conduct TEas ipprolated in the strongest mEnnisr by a learned Judge , who ancceeded the I » oble l / ar-d in a drcoit thicnsh the cenntryj bnt the Legislatnre interposed to protect the streicii of ps-srer , or , as ihs disaffected anight call it , this viDlasitni « f the law nnd ennstitntion , by a bill cf iBdemtity . What bm cf indemnity ahonld protect him trom the jasfice cf Britain , whose arbitrary act fixsi farnisbed the precedent for filling tie lavywiili £ i £ cuntest , for shaMng the safety of thB Britith Empire to its centre , and rendering , perhaps , ¦ what used to be its proiectii » n , its sorest scourge at seme future day ?

      Peace be to the manes cf the iris ! by jsry » Now « ame the Insurrection B 3 L Ten are -wt-U acquainted With the provisianB of this most f uraiidable act , -which -with fcfcie enrfe-s-, introitcea sach a . sysXtni ofjEalons 3 iEOD 7 Mwasicareeljaverdevieed before nncJeTtbemost afbjlrary arid iyi&isleal ^ rentmait 3 . The act , it jcaybesaid , " was dictated by tbenE&Esity of the times . " 3 Bb it so ; the snfiSen Itap from gross KupiaeneES to a degree of severity , -sFbicb . equsls anything tfcat the TeifcXi of terror cf KobeBpierrB-txhicitto :, ceiifonnds and elsctTificg the people .

      ! The magjslrates of this conntry art not universally -sompetent to a aboation £ bzt in eistm-be ^ times reanizes prudence and good ttisper . Joistd -sritb activity , snd a tnowleoge of the laws , y ^ zsy cccles' ^ t'fics have unwisely obtrn&ed themselvts , or been thrnit by ethers , into commissens of the peace - , and thej bsve not been < 2 jbrfng&i 2 l ) ed , 2 fear , by thit spirit of Sherality and mercy whicb cfeaacteriES the Christian religion . Wbat Xrtanesdons powers were ccafared en those -men . ' " -Aej JEEgiBtrate msy stn& for straiigers . and propound to ihtm the alreniauve tf giTicg suifctfes for Ibei ? guoo bthavionr , or Koine to caol . " Oa icprtitnUJtion cf the

      i&sgistrsles . m a special ssrsioa , ti . at a dis net , er ctHru-ry ^ ia ina difctarbed state , trr in da ^ xr ol becoming ** >¦ . $ is to ie proclaimed . The incsbitante then arc ¦ R aiai , ia a petty session , to ieep -BJihin tieir d"sreJliBsa , « jtwe « i sun ana son , an pain ef beiDg sent on Ixtexd Xhb SWi . The laagislrates may breai open liensfes , i « -t =- «* n ana and am , to £ sd -srhtthcr lie inhabitants are at liome—and msy i * nd those who are absent on board the flett , -when found , unless ilsej can prc-e to the xaujaeOon cf the wii 2 b > trate , ttat they were absent cs viiar lawful I nsiaS . Pylons taking -iK » 5 awfnl oaths are to be scut on board l ^ e fleet lias power rf itJmt tr ^ poration and mpnacffiment , is at the Trill of a ** # & maSu . trattl It M true the Act saya , that T ^ Tsots coS ^ tiUm these ^ nsts , ^ j , a ^ j ^ e bail , appS ta the smg ^ e magistate , to the ma ^ ioU ^ f Setsion of whom

      , o » e mxtst be of the quorum ; hnt ihsre is no pernhj-on the -aagUtate rrfa ^ g baii Persons aEsenAnsgtnmultncaMay in tee d « tjnjl o » - pusisg ^ nagatrates by ni jit , in a ^ doaucliiari aesrsies fcrsuihabiJaBta , arms , - » 1 « : ^; per «« i ¦ vending « dI £ sDBs payers , or papera nm-ia ^ paj 1 T , ^ cagat to b « stamped , are lo Be sent on b ^ rd Ou » fl « t ; ana any -Woman selling papers of ifce fortgoin * cescripiien , is to be coinmitted to prison , there to lemain iia ihe-discovera the psrsons from whom she itceiTed them . Tbe magistrates did net suffer ftu act to remain a dead letter . District after district , « oan ^ y after tonn ^ , iss bten prociaimed . We begin £ DappreheBdj&B&lhe preaccts of the YSceregal reaidence will i » the ody part of the iingdom not in a state of distuxbance , cr likely to become so . Arrest has succeeded to airtst—the kingdom is struck irixh terrci —Jbe cunreons are crowded . What more cmv t »

      foi-Jowcd ? Tee Esspscjaon cf the Habeas Corpus zctfol-Jo » s—^ proclfiinatioBS snp « r » ae the antboniy of ia « , 2 nd tbB civil tdministrstian of the coustry 1 b handed orer to . the " isiliiary . I do xet spest of ihe dasy oj -trade : of thcfcKurecfpabnecedit ; cf the general dis-¦ faeEE ; these are thenecfesfcEzj consegnenceB of the war—3- « peak of ineasnresai « d of miifortunta whicli mighi hire beeovrc&fed . Times of JHSr ^ -iat EB ^ pablic cTunnolion ar > sslS * o rtgnireiaad sattoriee s ra ^ r ? - ^ c-n if - ^ Ksl&zi Corpniisl , sa 4 » saj > prrfc : i- « tfz&s tril bv j ^ y . i li ^ y fee jars 6 Rtl » J- js r ' slj i st jsk . ; . '¦ t , t ; --i 3 » i € 8 do l * tulifiii ? i jroinre it-: ii s « is . a j-c ^ r . *

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      should be retained and preserved with reverend tare to protect in diridnals from being oppressed and crashed by the strong hand of power and of party . Times of faction and disturbance are fall of groundless Suspicion and jealous rage ; slight rumours are recemd as Important information ; the most idle "whisper isieard -with avidity . Every man has enemies ; at such moments they come forward ; they seem like noxiots reptiles In a Jiot pestilential season . Calumny takes the form of serious accusation , asd arms herself -with 1 all the terrors of the law ; the malice of the private foe put on the -viiHd of the public avengeij even babbling impertinence and prying curosity wear the terrific featnres of inquisitorial authority . Jfo Innocency of life—no integrity of intention—no circumspection in words -or conduct , -can ensure to any man an untroubled condition , ox even safety at such times . In my apprehension , it would be right , instead of diminishing the constitutional regulations for tbe protection of the

      citizan , to add to them new means of security from wanton oppression . Is it consistent -with the safety of tbe individual , that in times when men ' s passions are inflamed and party rage prevail * , !* single person , perhaps , a person ignorant , weak , ! prejudiced and incapable , should have a power of tearing men from their houses and their f&milies that were supported by their industry ; without allowing them any opportunity of defending themselves ox confronting them with their accusers , and sending them on board tenders ; while the provision for the protection of the innocent by an appeal , is elnded , throngs the ' impunity in refusing bail , which the act affords to the magistrate ? We msy judge how unfit some of the justices are to be invested with-these formidable powers , from -what has been done by some of theml men Invested with sacred functions , from whom one -would look for information and humanity . Not only the single dwellings of ihe suspected have been burned , bat whele villages have been devoted to the flames ! J

      What is the present state of the country ? A system of jealousy and espionage is adopted ; j an auction of secret intelligence is instituted ; large premiums are offered for the encouragement of perjury , by subscriptions fot informers ; -whole legions o ! spies are enlisted in the service of Government , ) who are most liberally paid with the money of tbe public But my paper is exhausted . I am years , ; : Montancs .

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      A DAY AFTER THE FAIR . Thb ruinous policy of procrastination , -which has ever been the distinguishing characteristic of the class-ministry of ibis country , is novf being sorely felt . Complaint after complaint has been made of grievances which were known to exist , bnt a deaf ear has been always turned to those complaints ; until at length the several suffering communities hare marshalled themselves under the standard of their respective grievances , and claim from fear what has been refused to justice . The defiance of the Times to the Irish people to represent & single

      practical grievance of which they complain , and ihe declaration of the Home Secretary that all the abuses that did exist have been already removed ^ and that what still remains of complaint must be set down to treason * , has been answered from Ireland and America by threats of the extermination of that race from which the grievances ! are supposed to flow . Upon the other hand , we find the multiplied injusticesimposed by class legislation upon the Welsh people resounding through the lv » Tl « and dales

      and threatening vengeance for long borne wrongs ; while justice , if seasonably administered , would have stopped the howl . Again , if we -look abroad , we see the moment of England ' s weakness seized upon as a fitting opportunity to undermine her foreign policy by establishing the Bourbon dynasty in Spain ; a joint in our foreign relations which if dislocated may tend not only to the dismemberment of the " United" empire as regards the loss of Ireland , but to the decline and fall of Britain's self as a nation !

      The citadel of corruption is now much in the same situation as the Times described EiPabteeo to be in a few days back ; it has failed lo preserve the power of a hollow square , firing upon all points , and is now as it were the centre , fired upon from all points , itself . So long as a majority of the classes of which our patchwork representative system is composed were satisfied with the mosaic work of our rulers as a whole , so long was the strength general of the party backed by the strength local of the classes of which it wag composed

      by which means the minority of tbe several classes were held locally and generally in subjection . Bnt now , how changed the prospect ! Instead of the sectional strength which the majority of those classes formerly gave to the Government in compliance with the implied contract that the majority of each sncnld plunder and live upon the minority , the necessities arising from an expensive system have compelled the Government itself to fall back upon hitherto favoured protected supporters , and , in consfqaence of this , a majority of each class now constitutes the dissatisfied of its order .

      in England , the Church Hierarchy but yield to Government necessity from a thorough conviction of their own weakness , and upon the principle that a half loaf is better than no bread ; the agricultural interest , though yelling aronad the minister in approving and acquiescing cheers ^ regrowling thronghont the nation at his measures , while he is vain and foolish enough to suppose that a handful of subservient represeniatives can quell the gathering storm ; the manufac turing interest are taking advantage of agricultural inquietude as a means of advancing their favourite nostrums of " Free Trade , " and are using the

      nnpopniarity of the minister , rather tban ^ argument , as a means of pnsni » s their demands ; the middle classes are pining in the midst of goods rendered valueless , and purchased upon " prcmiEeBto pay , " and which bankers are cautions in exacting for fear of producing a premature bankrnptcy ; industry , ihe ** teat " from which the several months should draw their sustenance , has been dried irp by the : nnjost and impolitic and wholesale substitution of artificial for manual labour ; while , in tbe midst of all , * the chosen few are so glutted with wealth as to make it a drug in their hands , at a time of the greatest national

      distress . Sncb is the pictnre which England presents at the present moment ! If we turn to Scotland , we find tbe seeds of religions fend and contention , which , though sown in apparent mildness , are likely to mature in war and anj ; ry strife ' : nor are the other interests in Scotland one jot more satisfied with things ss they are ; han their neighbours in England . In Wales the picture is _ siill more striking . There we have the fruits of the knowledge of injustice , and the disinclination to remedy acknowledged grievances , vividly depicted . As with Ireland , so with Wales . We heard not of the grievance of

      excessive tolls , of scanty provision for ; the poor , of nnreqniting prices for agricultural produce , tbe low rate of wages , the long snfferiDg and Jjnst complaint of the working classes , until " Reblcca" exhibited those grievances in fire and wrote them in blood . Then , lor the first time , does the leading journalist condescend to inform us that those grievances are of long standing , and fully justify complaint . Then , for the first time , do we hear from ihe Magistrates themselves tbat their los ^ sanctioning and upholding of injustice has led to force for its destruction . Then for the first time , upon the many occasions they are called upon to adjudicate upon the question of tolls , do they discover that the traveller fer many years past has been subject to an

      extortion of 50 per cent , at the toll bars , ; the trustees charging 4 ^ d > in cases where threepence were only leviable , and ninepence where the payment of sixpence shonld only be demanded . This longstanding injustice was tamely acquiesced in , and allowed to be practiced with their fall concurrence as they must have had a perfect knowledge of itj nntfl at length they have been compelled by force to take cogmzacce of the abuse . We how hear of Magistrates convened by the Secretary of Slate for ihe Home Department admitting the existence of all the grievances complained of ; and yet do our raleK Biand growli ^ h&e a do g wiih a bone ia his z 3--u a , msu-ad ot Lold . y confessing the ^ exfcdeoct , of lh-3 .-. v . ril t . ritv _ ce « , and justly mtctiDg trues . Btv uo ; wLils : iL-. sc Cwmylainisringihrajgh

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      the land , we find them making a jnore reckless use , I if possible , than ever of the national resources ' ¦ while their organ proposes , as a remedy , an additional nnmber of Chief Jnstices as the best mean ' j of silencing complaint ! How is it possible tbAt the industrious portion of society can look calmly on , while pauper-foreign monarchs are living upon their resonrces , ]* nd pauper foreign princes are receiving dower out of their scanty means !!

      Parliament is now drawing near to its Sessional close ; and were vre critically to review its acts we might perhaps once more come under the thumb of the Attorney General ; but what may be libel in an individual to disclose may be virtue in a people to resist . If we tarn to Ireland , there we find the national industry paralysed by the stand-still policy and procrastination of Government ; until at length the people have been taught the dreadful lesson that a good , to be achieved , must be achieved by threat . They have now before them many practical instances of this * : sad truth , illustrated by circumstances which have occurred in our own time . In 1323

      when the exaction of the Tithe impost was still levied by the standard of war prices , tbe Irish people rose up in arms and compelled the Government of that day to relieve tkem of a portion of the tax by placing it upon ihe shoulders of their wealthier neighbours . In 1829 , after twenty-nine years of suocessful resistance to the claims of the Catholics , the Minister of that time was compelled to yield to fear what he had refused to justice . Again , in 1832 , after the incarceration , transportation and death of several Reformers , " the Bill , the whole Bill , and nothing but the Bill , " wljich had been eo pertinaciously refused to petition remonstrance and prayer was granted to fire and sword .

      We would ask our lagging , self-sufilcient and timeserving rulers whether they hold power for no better purpose than that of alternately exhibiting their moral weakness and physical strength , and merely to teach the people tbe most soientifio mode ot extracting the means for keeping them in subjection ? While we see all these abuses staring us in the face , however , we would inconsequence the more urgently impress upon the minds of our readers the fact , that however great , or however numerous the sectional causes of complaint may be , none desire a remedy that would go farther than to correct those abuses of

      which they themselves complain ; while nothing short of the People ' s Charter , whole and entire , can make them participants in any advantage to be gained by the correction of any single abuse : and therefore does it become their duty to look watchfully at passing events , and to act cautiously under existing circumstances . Let them not for a moment buppose tb . it the threat of violence , nay even to extermination , against the Government is indicative of a fellow-feeling for the working classes . Let them not imagine tbat justice to the Scotch : Seceders—justice to the inferior clergy

      of the Protestant Church of England—justtoe to the agricultural interest—justice to th « manufacturing interest—justice to the shopkeeping interest , or justice to " Rebecca , " means justice to them . No , far otherwiss ! Justice can only be administered to any single class by doing an act of injustice to the workicg classes . ' What does their justice mean 1 Does it not imply a remission of some burden which they are bow called upon to bear , and which burden if taken from their shoulders by their representatives must inevitably be placed upon the shoulders of those who are not represented at alii ! The Chartists ikjfn have no interest in making oommon cause with those parties who contend for a remission of their own class grievances : bnt they should take advantage of all

      and every opportunity to strengthen their own hands , for the achievement of that great and holy measure which would at one and the same time administer equal justice to each and to all . Of this the working classes may rest assured , that all those who are now marshalled under the standard of sectional abuse , would strike their colours to-morrow , and join to a man ia resisting the claims of tbe working class's ; and for this Bimple reason ; because all others live and prosper upon their weak ' ness . For these reasons then , we would once mor $ strenuously recommend them to renew the motto of The Charter and no surrender" upon their banner , and not to strike it until the object , is achieved : for then , but not till then , will justice be done to all classes of the community .

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      ORGANIZATION . We are glad to see that this subject is now beginning to occupy the people ' s attention ; it has been taken up since the news of our last by the South-Lancashire Delegates , tbe Metropolitan Delegates , the Sheffield Chartists , and the Halifax Chartists , and each one of these important bodies takes , in some respects , a different view of it . The Metropolitan Delegates are for carrying out Mr . O'Connor ' s plaaof appointing a General Secretary , and electing an Executive now . This seems to us to be beginning at completely the wrong end of the work ; and in

      this view we are supported by the South Lancashire Delegates , and by the Sheffield and Halifax Chartists , who think with us that an Organization should precede an Executive ; and that an organization to be effective and to give satisfaction to the people , and to secure efficient protection for the people , must emanate not from a small junto of perhaps very ignorant or very stupid and selfwilled individuals , who may chance to ba elected on the Executive , but from the people themselves , at a National Delegate Meeting , fairly representing the whole mind and tbe whole will of the whole people .

      The Organization of our ranks ia the most important national question , that can be debated . It is of first consequence that we bring to it all the talent , all the research , all the coolness , all the discrimination and all the legal acumen of which we are master . It will not do to permit it to be marred by the selfwill of any man who may chance to think himself wiser than all the world , or to value his own head so little as to run it wilfully against a stone wall , while he knows that it cannot go alone but must break all our heads at the same time . It isjust this son of bnll-secked-ness which has given us all the

      "backenings' * we have heretofore had . It is necessary before we have an Executive , that the powers and duties of the Executive should be exactly defined and laid down ; that they may know their place and keep it , and not hare it in their power to drag tbe whole movement into a ditch ** oa their own responsibility " . This can only be done by the Organization ; and hence , the necessity of bringing to the discussion ; of that Organisation such a diversity of talent and opinion as shall render it impossible for any one or two to carry it all their own way , and substitute " their own responsibili . y "

      for a due attention to the safety of the cause . We need scarcely say , therefore , that we concur heartily in the opinion of our Sheffield friends that the people should have before them , some time before they elect their delegates , all the various plans of Organization which have been elicited ; that they may weigh and consider the advantages and disadvantages of each and all of them , and duly and accurately instruct their delegates . This requires time . It is not a work to be hurried about . The people had better by half wait a week or two , and have an Organization which will work , than patch up one hastily to Bee it tumble to pieces again in a few months . It is impossible for the

      thing to be wellydone either on the 17 th of July or the 1 st of August . There is not time for due deliberation . The 16 th of August has been named . We think that too , early . The first week in September would be as soon as , is our opinion , the National Delegate meeting could be held with benefit and safety to the cause . Between now and then there will be full time for enquiry , investigation , and thought ; and nota day too long ; the delegates will come to their work knowing what they are about , and we may expect the result of their consultation , to be a safe , workable , and rfiioicnt plan , which shall enable the whole people to co-optrai « &i one man . Any thing kss than this will ba worse than nothing .

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      We have not been able to get ready the mass of documents upon the subject which we promised for thjs week ' s Star . We find it a stiffer" job than we reckoned on : they need so much arrangement and rewriting . We regret the delay legs ; because we haive this week received one or two other communications whioh we shall give with them , and we are anxious to place the whole before the people at ene view ; for which ^ purpose we request that any other parties who intend sending anything on the subject , will do so before next Tuesday .

      When we have laid before the people all the hint and suggestions of others on the matter , we shall give them our own . We shall give the whole law of Organisation , both as it affects political , religious , and benevolent societies . We shall shew them how they may make an Organization of the Chartist body to combine all the advantages of all these different characters

      how they may have an effeotive , universal , workable , going , Organization , which shall not only violate no law , but whioh shall compel the law to guarantee their safety , and to protect them from aggression . We shall show the people how to have such an Organization as shall efficiently help on our movement and with ordinary care defy any government to break into it without coming down to Parliament and asking for a law specifically for that purpose .

      > This will , in all probability , occupy as much space as we can spare for it in several successive numbers of the Star , We shall then publish the whole in a pamphlet , to be called "Tu « People ' s Handbook of Organisation , " so that every man can carry it in hia waistcoat pocket , and consult it at his leisure ; andi we shall then leave it to the people to make of our comments what . use they please . But we implore them not to be too hasty in calling their delegate meeting ; but to give time for the full developemeufc and adoption of an efficient plan in the several localities before the delegates are elected .

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      AMERICAN SYMPATHIZERS . Elsewhere , our readers will find some rather astounding news from the United States . The Repeal movement seems to be making head-way in America at a tremendous rate . The Yankee Repealers , having no fear of the English Attorney-General or the Irish Vkerot before their eyes , speak out their mind with sufficient plainness ; and faith " they mouth it well" 1 They threaten to seize upon ,, the Canadas ; to shew British ships , or at all events the merchandise contained in them , the shortest way to the bottom of the sea . They threaten the British Government with a simultaneous

      attack from Amerioa , France , Ireland , and the Irishmen ia England . We commend this intelligence to the especial reading and careful consideration of Government . It bears not , to be sure , the seal of Congress , nor the authority of the United States government ; but it is yet worth the while of Sir Robert Peel to give it careful and deliberate thought : it comes from those who are masters alike of Congress and of the States Government ; and whom it behoves well any British Government to think twice of , before it hazard tbe inducing of them to resort to such means as may be at hand for the ; accomplishment of their declared purposes .

      Doubtless there is about these Yankee sympathizers" a good deal of . tho exuberance of wild liberty . They promise more than they are likely to be ! able to perform . But they can do enough to tease a government most sadly , if they set themselves to work . It would be , for instance , a terrible thing if they bhould take from ua our North American colonies I We have bought those colonies at a plaguy dear rate ; and they should be worth something . This part of their threat there is no donbt ihe Yankees could carry out They can drub us out of America whenever they please . Ia talking ,

      however , of the " revolt" of four millions of Chartists , they reckon without their host . The Chartists will do no such thing . They are looking for a great constitutional change to be wrought by other means than " revolt" . They seek not to overturn , but to consolidate and to establish on a firm and pure basis the powers of government . When the Chartists were struggling with a tyrant Government for their own liberties and those of Ireland at the same time , Mr . O'Connell insolently threatened to send over to the aid of Government 500 , 000 fighting men , to put down

      the Chartists . The Chartists will not retaliate this insolence . They will not lend the Government a single : man to put down Repeal ; but they will not " revolt " . They will go on steadily pursuing their moral warfare ; taking advantage of all circumstances which may rise to aid them ; and , if Repeal is to create the physical tornado which the "sympathisers " threaten , even in the wildness of the storm the Chartists will pour oil upon the waters of contention : they will accomplish by mild means alone , the establishment of those just principles , whioh will place England and Ireland on a footing of equality , and both upon the plane of right .

      Much as wa love , and dearly as we prize , the rights of Irishmen and liberties of Englishmen , we hope never to see them purchased at the price of foreign aid . We like not this coquetting with the French . We have never yet seen any good of Freuoh interference in either England or Ireland . Wo do not expect it . We hope Mr . O'Connfll does not countenance these appeals to French " sympathy" There are ill-natured people who seem to think he does ; who speak of Mr . Moonet , the agent in America of the Dublin Corn Exchange Club , as tho immediate incitement' to this outburst of

      American enthusiasm ; who point to the significant allusions to France in several of the " Liberator ' s" speeches , and to the mustachioed foreigners whom he recently introduced at Irish Repeal meetings and who from all these things infer that Mr . O'Connell favours secretly the interference of foreigners in the domestic affairs and relationships of Great Britain and Ireland . We are not willing to believe this ; because if we could believe it , we must doubt Mr . O'Connki . l ' s sincerity . We must believe that he is not honestly seeking Repeal ; that is to say , that he is either not seeking it at all , or seeking it for the benefit , not of

      the Irish people , but of a middle-class faction . We desire to , think better things of him . But we shall see how he receives his new allies . It will now be seoa whether the physieal-foree overtures—the pikes , muskets , and firebrands—of America and France are more acceptable to him than the moral , peaceful , and constitutional aid of the English Chartiata which he so lately spurned . Meantime we bid the people—the English people —go on their own way ; turn neither to the right nor left ; persist in looking , by legal and moral means only , for that Charter of right , which shall ensure justice not only for themselves , but for their Irish brethren .

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      THE LEAGUE TRAP TRIAL . Tbe people have , in another part of our present sheet , the Treasurer ' s balance aheet for the defence of ( he victims of combined tyranny , treachery , and folly ; from which they will see that this splendid struggle seems to have been achieved on the part of the people at the small cost of less than £ 600 . This , however , is not the case by any means . This is the sum for which the people have been taxed for defence : but they will observe , that the Balance Sheet contains no item of a single farthing in connection with the defenee of Fearcds

      O'Connor , William- Hill , of . the Messrs . Scholkfield . Each of these parties paid his own costs ; and they amounted to no inconsiderable Bum . Of Mr . O'Connor ' s actual loss aud cost , an idea , and but a very faint oue , may be formed from the information given in his letter ; Of our own costs we say nothing . Mr . ScHOLtyiELu ' s we know to bare considerably exceeded a Laiiired p ^ vinda—Hard money paid down , besides thu enormous loss to him and to the public involved in tho sacrifice of hu vu-Iua ' jIo time—ovory mement of his waking liour-s bviutf < f « ni- i professionally ; LXeai part of which- « xerii' > is p . t ^ rai ' jitoua amcag

      Untitled Article

      the poor . This excellent and truly philanthropic patriot was most unfairly dragged into " the mess " , without any participation of his own , and sacrificed to the tune of this terrible loss by parties who now give oat chat he has " made a good thiagof it . " We take , therefore , this opportunity of doing an act of justice due t « Mr . Sgholefild ; stating what we knowjto be the real facts of the matter . Not one farthing of public funds has been appropriated to the defence of Mr . Scholefield or his son . He has not in any way received one farthing from the public , properly so called . While

      Mr . S . was in the New Bailey Prison , a few private fr iends , members of his own Church and congregation , projected a ( Subscription of their own ; they got up a tea party at ! the Church—the proceeds of which , together with other subsoriptioas from individual friends , they presented to him , less as a help for his expenoes than as a mark of their personal esteem and a testimony of their gratification at the successful issue of the struggle in which he had been so unnooessarily involved ; the amount of this subscription was about £ 30 . which is all the aid that Mr . S

      has had towards [ the heavy oosts and losses which he has endured . We trust that he will forgive this unauthorised public mention of the facts within our own know , ledge . We thought it no more than right not only to him , bat all jparties , that the people who have heard of his " making a good thing of it" should know of them . Let not the people however suppose tbat this Balance Sheet , or indeed that all the costs , of defending all the prisoners , cover half a tithe of what the people have been robbed of by this transaction . We must remember tbat tbe people pay for prosecutions as well as for defenee ; and the co 3 t of these we have no means

      of correctly ascertaining . The Special Commission was £ 7 , 013 18 J Id . This alone , without saying anything of Lancaster or the Queen ' s Beach parts of tbe business , which would be still more heavy . Probably the amount of money wasted by the Government in this prosecution will exceed £ 20 , 000 . To this must be added the amount lost in labour , in the comfort of ruined families , and in the derangement of all the affairs of society ; which is beyond estimate . . When the people

      consider that all this was cheerfully spent on the forlorn hone of crushing the Charter agitation , they will be able to form some estimate of their own value , and to estimate also , at something like their own worth , the reckless , mouthing bull-frogs , who would risk all upon " the hazard of a die "; and , when they have ' | thrown" the die , and lost!—run away from the payment of their own share of the demands of fortune in a losing game ! Let tbe people rest perfectly assured that their cause ia never safe in such hands ; and let them beware how 'they again trust it in them . Had the sober advice , of

      those who looked before them , been taken , instead of the wild ravings of mad fools , or worse , all this expenditure of money , suffering , and privation , aud the most serious blow that our cause has had for years , would have been entirely avoided . It is some consolation ] however , to see that , now , when the mischief has been done , the eyes of some are being ] opened ; we have always hopes of a man who is willing to profit by experience ; and hence we derived Borne pleasure from the sorrowful letter of Mr . John Leach , of Hyde , inserted . iri . i 1 » » . a the

      our present number . John Leach was among foremost of the deluded , and he has seen his folly , and has the manliness fairly to acknowledge it . This is as it should be , and sets a man in his true position . There ; is no man whose judgement is infallible ; and hence he is the wisest man who is willing to profit by experience . The experience of John Leach has been somewhat rough ; and we have no doubt that it has done him good . We sincerely trust that his feeling and manly { appeal for the restoration of his family will be responded to with true Chartist feeling ; and that he will learn practically that the people love a warm hearted and frank hearted man . |

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      Mt Dear Friends , —I wish I could get a few weeks made up of Sundays aad Mondays ; I could thon perhaps accommodate you all ; but as I know of no means whereby to compass this , I can only suggest to you , as the next best thing , that we should try to make the most and the best . of the weeks and the days as they are . It is clear that I cannot be every wherej on Sunday , nor every where on Monday ; nor can I permit the other days to remain unoccupied . I shall suit myself to your convenience as nearly , as circumstances will permit ; and I must entreat that where we cannot mould

      circumstances to our wish , you will aid me to govern them to our purpose . I Bhall , if it may please God , be at Belper on Friday the 14 th , and shall address the people on the present state and prospects of Chartism , &t halfpast seven in the evening , at the Leopard Inn , Bridge-street . I had been given to understand that Saturday evening would suit my Derby Friends ; they now write me tbat it will not suit them , which I regret much , aa it will Ios 9 me a day . On Sunday , tbe

      Ifith , I preach twice at Loughborough ; afternoon and evening ; and , on Monday evening , I address the people of Loughborough on the present state and prospects of Chartism . On Tuesday , the 18 th , I address the people of Dei by ; and on Wednesday , the 19 th , I proceed to JNottingham . On Thursday , the 20 th , I attend the tea party and festival of my good friends at Arnold . On Friday , the 21 st , I visit my good friends of Sutton-in-Ashfield , which , being within three miles must serve also for Mansfield ; I cannot give a day to each . On Sunday , the 23 rd , I hope to be with my own little flock at Hull ; and on Monday , tbe 2-ttb , to address the people of

      Sheffield . The Newcastle Friends write that ' lhey must have me on a Sunday . I will try to accommodate them ; but this will compel me to take their district on my return from Scotland , instead of on my way there . I shall now , therefore , take steamboat , if all be well , from Hull to Leith . on Wednesday , the 2 nd of August . This , I suppose , will } laud me in Leith some time on Friday , the 4 sh ; so that I shall just have time to recover tbe queernessof my stomach and get myself into working order for my Edinburgh friends

      on Sunday . My further movements in Scotland I shall endeavour to advertise precisely next week , so that my friends in each town shall have full notice of the exact day when I can be with them ; while at the same time , it must be always borne in mind , that I accept the invitations of my friends only on condition that they take me " with all my imperfections on my head . " They , of course , do not expect ranting declamation from me ; whoever does will be disappointed ; I have neither taste nor strength for it . I am no Im * -winded orator : I have not physical power to make loc £ rpeeclies uor to spcak oot

      Untitled Article

      of doorB : and my general health is eo precarious , tbat I can seldom calculate from one day to another upon my ability to do anything : I may sometimes seem moderately well one day and the next' bo tmable to leave my room ; and sometimes even , a few hours will make all this difference in my state Heuce , therefore , my friends , at any particular place who may expect me , must neither be angry nor surprised if I should disappoint them . I promise them that nothing but such physical suffering as may totally incapacitate me shall cause any such

      occurrence . I hope to be able to attend ev . ery appointment punctually , but I cannot promise to overcome nature nor to withstand sickness * It is not necessary for me to say more now . In my letter published in the Star of May 20 th the people have the expression of my mind ; I have not changed since then ; nor am I likely to do bo . I am , my dear Friends , Your faithful Friend and Servant , William Hill . Leeds , Jily 6 th , 1843 .

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      Calvincs Minor . —We cannot advise him . The Act he speaks of we never saw . It is , therefore ^ impossible for us to say whether the official has or has not power to act as he has done ^ and divert the pension to other parties on the grounds stated Mr . W . Cooper , of Weidon , near Wandsford , a small benighted agricultural village in Northamptonshire . desires us to say that he is much obliged to Mr . James Cash , of Khutsford , and other friends , for their presents ef Northern Star newspapers . They will be of essential service ; and he has a strong desire to get the Star into the hands of the agricultural labourers ^ that they , too , may know the cause of the grinding poverty to which THE THING has

      subjected them ; and join with their brethren tn the manufacturing districts to bring about d better state of things , when the labourer will be deemed to be worthy of his hire , and have the privilege to receive and ENJOY it : that hire being % "" he that produceth shall be FIRST PARTaKER of the fruits . " Poor Law at Warrington . —We have received a communication from some one _ at Warringlm , signed " Washington , " detailing some atrocious a ts of Poor Law tyranny ^ which he avers to have taken place in the workhouse at that place We mnnot believe his statements . The whole thing appears to be a hoax ; cunningly got up by some of our good "friends" to ' get us again

      within the meshes of the law for Itbel on the Poor Law authorities . ' The tetter is written by a not vtry good penmanist ' , but the fads he details are so improbable , and yet so coldbloodedly atrocious , that we cannot credit them . Will any of our friends at Warrington advise us as to the manner in which the Poor Law is " administered" in Warrington Workhouse f Has the " master" died lately ? and have there been any floggings of young females ? The letter in question avers that such is the case : but we repeat that we do not believe the story . We fear the whole thing is an attempt to entrap us . The letter we shall preserve . Wm . Gresty anb John Murray . — We have received

      from these parties an address purporting to issue from Carpenters' Hall , Manchester , calling upon the Chartist body to assist a late prominent character in the Chartist movement , who is now supposed lo be out of the country . They state that he is in great need ; and that they have voted for him £ lfrom their own funds , and collected £ 2 after their evening ' s lecture for him . We rejoice to see a spirit of liberality manifested by Chartists ; but we think the Chartists of Manchester might have found more blameless objects for its exercise without travelling so far . We publish this week a balance-sheet of the expenses of the trial which was entirety brought about by the recklessness of the parly for whom our

      correspondents evince so warm an interest . That balance-sheet does not exhibit a tithe of the actual coat lo the Chartists and public generally of thai affair ; while it takes no CQonixance whatever of the scores of ruined families occasioned by it . We , think some of these have some claim on the sympathies of the Manchester Chartists . We this week publish a letter from one who was left without the means of getting up lo London to meet the judgment in the case , and who pawned hv > toolchest sooner than be branded as a skulker ; while the party who seems to engross the sympathising affections of our correspondents meanly shrunk from s / iaring the risks into which he had dragged better men . That poor fellow ' s tool chest is still in pawn ; and it would , in our opinion , have been a mure legitimate application of their sympathies if the Carpenters' Hall Chartists had devoted some of their money to its redemption . We

      have anoth ; r tetter from a victim to the same recklessness , whose wife and family are consequently in a hostile . Why are they not fit subjects for Manchester sympathy ! And why does not the party for whom this appeal is made , go to his profession and earn his own living I Why should an educated man consent to hang meanly on the skirls of a half famished people , wiih the world before him for the exercise of his own talents and industry , and safe Jr « m any fear of further consequences from his folly ? Any man with a spark of manly feeling , rather than condescend to hang himself upon the people under such circumstances , would sooner hang himself upon a tree . Holmfirth . —T © Lecturers . —All letters , for the f uture , must be directed , post paid , lo J « seph Clegg , boot and shoemaker , South-lane , Holmfi rths The Holmfirth Chartists are anxious that Mr *

      O'Connor should visit them at his first convenience . Hull Chartists . —All communications must be adl adressed to Mr . Wm . Smith , 8 , Wes ( -street-court West-street . City Chartists . —The announcement of a concert at Turn-again-lane is an advertisement . Mr . Seed , Worsted Inspector , of Halifax , denies having had any hand or part in the apprehension or examination of Mrs . Lassey and her daughter when proceeding homewards with a warp and weft in a " piece poke , " as detailed in a paragraph in our last . It seems that there are two worsted inspectors in Halifax : perhaps our correspondent has been mistaken in the name *

      Wilt he explain ? Susanna Inge has sent us a long letter to say thai s / ie " . very much questions the propriety or right of Mr . O'Connor to name or suggest to the people , through the medium of the " Star , " any person to fill any office whatever . It is not according to her ideas of democracy . " We dare say Aliss Inge is greatly in love with her own ideas of democracy ; and so she ought , for we fancy they will suit nobody else . A democracy which questions the right of any man to name of suggest what he thinks may be for the general good , is a very queer kind of democracy . Miss

      Inge thinks the people wou'd sooner elect a man on Mr O Connor ' s recommendation than on their own judgment . We ob not think them quite such fools . Winqatb Grange Coltiery . — We have received a letter from Thomas Wedd ^ er respecting the conduct of one of the " viewers" at a pit in that locality . It seems that the pit in question is fitted -- up with a wire rope , which the men deem unsafe to trust their lives upon . The matter has been before the magistrates twice ; both times On the application of the master , for " law" on the men for refusing to work . The first time two , men were committed : the second time the case was discharged on the understanding that the rope in question should be tested with twenty tens weight . This test has not been applied . Some eight ton . " hove been suspended on it ; and our correspondent avers that it caused the rope to split , is ' iill it was not removed ; but the demand is made that the men resume work with it . in its present stale . The men , having had their fears sCrenglhened by the impelfeetand partial test applied , refuse to comply with the requirement ; and warrants have been issued to brinq three of them before the magistrates at Castle Eden . The men have aim appealed lo the magistrates for protection . Three several times have they applied for summonses against their employers for wages , or compensation , they allege to be due to them , in consequence of the pit being in an unfit state for work , because of the imminent danger to life . These applications have been refused . Our corre \ po'ide ? it also desires to acknowledge the receipt of the following sums , in answer to an appeal Jor aid to enable the question to be tried : — "Caxhoe Colliery £ 1 ( this colliery had only 18 * . lOd . in their fund , but made out the above sum : they had a trial themselves on Saturday last , and defeated their employers > - ; South Wingate , £ 1 U . 10 id . ; Helmont , 8 s . Id . ; Has-. well , £ 1 ; Bainton ' s , 4 * . 9 d . ; Newhottle , 7 * - 0 | rf ; Slnney Row , 3 s . 6 &d , ; Moorsley , 9 s . ; ShinfiUjft 5 « . d % d . ; Shot / on , 12 s . Id . ; Pittington , 10 * . ; Sherburn HiU , 6 s . ; New Durham , 19 s . : Pelton Fell , An ; fom two friends , 2 s . 6 d . ; Henton , £ \; and Lumley Colliery . 10 * . . making a total swh of £ 9 is . 7 d , collected on Monday evening . Should any of the colliers in Yorkshire , or elsewhere , think proper to lend their support , it will be gratefully received bp Midhael John Barkhou / e , Wxngate Grange Colliery , Durham , and duly acknowledged in the Star . " A Radical Keforjjkr writes , advising the people lo have no concern at elections or otherwise , with any t »; iUe Jti&inns ; to stand perfectly aloof from a ^ y man vho t . s wt pledged lo Universal SuJfruqr ; an-i >*•• ' in vist e their money in the payment oj 1 egutration fees .

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      SIb . O'Connor will address the P-loplb op Manchester , at the Carpenters '; Hall , on Saturday KKTT , THE 8 lH INSTANT , AT HEIGHT O ' CLOCK precisely . Subject— " The Land and thb Charter .

      The Isoetheen: Stae. Saturday, July 8, I843.

      THE ISOETHEEN : STAE . SATURDAY , JULY 8 , i 843 .

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      ., ~ , — . ^— '"' 9 •—'" MR . O'CONNOR'S FARMING WORK . The first number ) of this work has made its appearance , and will ! be read with universal avidity . It is but " an opening" of the subject—a glimpse , just to show its vastness ; but it points as an index to a " dealing with the patter" which will set at rest all the yelpers and prosers who have hitherto bespattered it . In an elaborate introduction , he

      " hys the axe to the root" of the system now in vogue , both agricultural and manufacturing in such style as he only can . He then opens his work , not as a treatise on Small Farms exclusively , but aa a general work of Agricultural Science , which may serve equally as a text book for the small farmer or the large , tbe labourer , or the capitalist employing labourers . The chapter upon Kents , alone , is worth all the books upon Agricultural Science ever before published .

      To The People On My Respective Lecturing Tours.

      TO THE PEOPLE ON MY RESPECTIVE LECTURING TOURS .

      8to Mexoeve Antr ®Owe&$Ovtoettt8*

      8 To Mexoeve antr ® owe& $ ovtoettt 8 *

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      4 : THE NORTHERN STAR . _^_

      Iletxebs Phom Tbe Mountains.

      ILETXEBS PHOM TBE MOUNTAINS .

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 8, 1843, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct489/page/4/