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Northern Star (1837-1852), 8th April 1843, Edition 2 of 4, Page 3

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      Untitled Article

      EMIGBATION . WHERE TO , AKD HOW TO PROCEED . la onrlast sheet we announced that arrangements iid been made with Mr . Pitkethly , of Huddersfield , to pailish in ihe Star , in weekly portions , the » JHoies ol Ms tour ihroujja & portion of Casada , and several ot the State op Nokih Akesica ; parfienlariy the States of Massichtjsetts , Rhode jgLiTD , Kew Yobe ., Pexsyltaiua , Ohio , Mjcsisas , Iixisois , Wiscoxsis , and Net ? Jeeset ; uuieriaken Triih » "riew of ascertaining the- desirability , w otfiervrise , of Emigration ; and to judge of the best location for English Emigrants , from actnal obserration . ' What follows ia the a Introductory Letter" then promised . The " Notes" mil be commenced next ireek . _ '

      TO INTENDING EMIGRAOTS . HT T BXESES , —For a long period I had contemp lated a "risit to the United States of TiorthAmerica Hasy cirenmstanceB combined to nrge me to make it yor several years , however , it was nnavoidably deferred ; j ^ 33 -will be seen by the sketch of my Tour , -which nader arrangement , will appear in the columns of the Northern Star , —! undertook it last . summer . It iruald have affordttJ me mneh pleasure to have eomp 2 ed -sritti the Tery urgent requests of many kind foecJs in -various parts of the counny , to liave given iHs Ecconnt of my Tonr a more early publication ; bat business engagements hsve too much oecnpied my attention , ard I hflTe besides had occasion to be in Scotland a connderible portion of tie time that has elapstd since my return from the United States .

      1 mustcraTexheindulgBEce of my friends to overloot the icacenraeies of style in this " record of observations " for I make no pretensions as «¦ a writer . " I only desire tliem to beli&Te that in the task 1 hare undertaken , I haTe been prompted by the best possible motives , and performed it to the best of my ability , ¦ with a Tifi-sr to renderier-viee ta those -who need it . 31 y first etjsct in " going out" was to ascertain how far tfce " thousand and one" flattering statements circulated respecting America -were founded on faca . Secondly ,-to ascertain how far the much-reduced and tninriJlmgly idle artizvnsof this country could improve ihdr condition by removing thither .

      Thirdly , that by observation and -experience , I might J * enabled to alleviate , in some degree , the sufferings inflicted npon those -who , from choice , undertake the -voyage with a view to improve their condiu&n ; and ZDccre eipecialty the more ncfurtacal-e , -who , from prtBsnre of rircninsianees and -want of ssmploynnait , are compelled to srek an asylum in a foreign land . Thsse classes to which 1 here allude -will no doubt , profit by the expose which 1 am now enabled to make of the orcsnizad sysiem of swindliu ? and plunder

      existing , psreculariy in Liverpool and Xew York , by whiek tb * unsuspecting and simple Emigrant is jkeced oftentimes of " Tiix ctt" And if my tfFons in this department haTe osly the effect of putting Emigrants npon their guard , and arming them against the insidious attempts of the hungry cheating crew that abound to their deftractJoa , my labour ¦ will not haTe been in Tain ; and the rtSscSon that I haTe been the instrument of good to the poor dritwi-ax « zy ¦ worker -Rill be an ample revrsrd .

      ily attention was first attracted to this branch of my present subject , by an occurrence "B-hich fell rzndti- my tnra observation In the latter end of 1841 ; n £ u in Sikh 3 -sras called - upon to act a somewhat prominent part . It ttss detailed in a lrttcr from mystlf to Sir George Saxiair at the time ; and 1 here give it , that the reader may haTe seme idea of the iufamocs tricks rtserted to by parties connected -with Emigrant Shipping , jnd serve as an immediate ¦ warning to all "who may be now contemplating a Toyage " out * ' to be mindful Tchit sort of ** bsi"gains" tbey nak& Ttty -wiil-do ¦ r tsetj , too , to looi minutely to the wording and pivpon of the ¦ " receipt for paBsage * " they n » ay xecoiTe . The fdlowing letter ¦ will show them a reason "why : — "TO SIX GEOfiGE SINCLAIR , 5 AB 1 . *• liTerpool , 20 th NoTembtr , 1841 .

      " 5 x 2 , —Tonr Miidi » 6 £ s induces me to take the liberty of laying a case of Tillauy before yon , for the ^ nrpese at . eraTOxg your beoeTolent iuitxTtre ^ ce "With the powers thai be . 1 -wili not trouble you "Witb any , lather spology , bat state the facts . *¦ A poor -woman , the "wife fA "William Brsoley , late of HuddersacldL , after di ^ pcaiug of her littla furnirare , came to thJB place 'with seTtn children , ior the porpose o ! ta \ rng a passage to New York , -where ha fcusfesnd had been forced , by preasnre of cirenmstancea , io lEmigraie , some short time btf ort . She axrived here ^ with hex children and a "bioUitr , on iJie lotb , nit ; I leached here on the 17 th , and on the afternoon of the rame day , foxmd the "woman , and accompanied

      her to a shipping office , where she bad previously < been to beat for a passage . I a&ed ilr . Bobinson obs of the contractors , EeTeral questions , all uf -which ) he evaded ansTPeriiig , and addressed iilmseit to iirs . j Br ^ iity . dtsxtiog thut . * hp sronld say , ' thzt ah © voald } giTe ^ 16 foi the conTsyancs of herself apd ha family . " 5 ie had preriondj been asked £ 19 10 a . J dssirtd her . ' to lca-re the cmce , as it -was improper to treat with any cae "who would not explain . " She "was f jllowing me , Trhta he stopped her , and oScred to taie her for . £ 15 . " Horerer , I adTised her to "wait , and I "would Biake seine irqtdry si some ether office . I saw Ler the foJliiriEg eivning , after 1 ksd eng ^ ed a passage fct htT aid I ^ mily fcr £ 12 10 a . She informed me ' that she

      h > d jist . paid to the Messrs . Robinson , -or rathtr to their agent , the Eum of j £ 14 103 . ;* and this sfie had done s ! i £ t the most Tioltnt threats and intimidations , such is , * if »' r . » went and paid auywii = re elsa , they Trodd tste care she should not go ; ' ' that they had bsd R much trouble with her , that she must pay them for it ; ' 'if she did not pay them she could not go at all . ' it it ; so that in terror , the poor weman agreed to jay . Her brother was with her at the time El » e paid ; be u neither cf them csnid write , they had with them a parson -srfeo could . TTcen the bargain was concluded , ' it V 2 t at first proposed to give a receipt cu a plain its ^ l ' A paper . This they refused to accept , having se < n ' otLcH tipoij a printed form . Hereupon the agent pro- i

      ficced a printed form , and while Siling it np . the per- j son " » hj sscompanied the woman and her brother , and ; » ho cesld write , was watching to see that all was j fiooe lisit As soon as the agent fiaTf this , he , with its Eust flocking osths and imprecatioi ^ H ^ iz ^ d the : ssid person by the collai , —tcld him tfcwe was tbe doer ; to ' Scgorr !—ihat tlssy wanted eo j < ud agents there , ' and ; Tioltntiv pashid him out . "VThen thtse things were & ^ i ! - ! i u > me , I asked for a sight of the receipt ; and , 1 sooa found the filterable rasc ^ ity of thewh . ' - -le trans-, aetii— It was a priuttd form , "w . Ui the bl ^ uts partly , Slid cp , sad partly not . 1 ; Bet forth that the -tsrliss

      tad » sr = sd fur a second cabin passtse to Xt ^ York , by the Alfred ; but the "words it hoom tad tt * n izttriiEtd I So that the poor "sroni £ . n won 3 d have been entirely at the mercy fcf the barpits ; ana ls » l > 3 t to have been sent asbcre , as the Tessel was lea-rii ^ port , on Use grcand that there was ho room' / and ' ^ at ha - barpan' ttss to go if there was * room . " It sIbo stt Krth that a balance » f £ A was still dee for the passage To give you as correct an idea as I am of tha * prspous document , ' I haTe here tran £ cribed iu preserving lis fenn and pecuHariues as well as it is possible to do so in "Silting ;

      ' X * i& 3 . Berth , No . j " TsnEthnHcPacket Offices , No . l , Keptune-street , Waterloo-road , and 16 , Goree Pizzas . ? "ilrt Bradley , Slaxy , Elizabeth , EUtn , Emma , ' ° ^ a , FiEdcrick , and Thomas , matiiig two admits and I Es daidxea , haTe a greed "With us f <> r a second cabin PCL ^ e ij , 2 » ew Tcrk , inthe Alfred , ^ taking all thej ^ t sEd payin ? , before embartm ; , one collar each JbitZ ^ mCEfc 5 ' m ? £ Bfiu . g berlhs , water , and ' '' ir ¥ * MietTiot tEmrferable .

      , h *** , * Prorisioas sad wearing apparel allowed as « B * jj 6 ; the rest to be paid for . tKT ^ f ^ 306 ^ 1113 ^ ? 6 ~ - ^ 3 which , with the < Z " r ffitO 6 J . Knst he paid on a btft-rt tte ship goes tw ™ ' the fie P » 5 t "will b « forffciU-J , ai . d the t-xt * a eo » tgrge ^ npon mt 6 np by ^^ " Sisjjed i ^ J - * JiOBissos , , ' ~* \ M . SoaEK \ ll . LB . " i ^ J ^^ read tsis pretended receiptI asked

      • -r-T ihif , * iT ^^ ^ Bot ' p&id ^ tfce Ps » aze money ?• 1 Jfi ^ S ** " ^ 7 fc 2 d - ' ' «»™ . " I a > k - . '» ty •» . X . » f ^ <* four pounds to pay ? ' The answer £ 34 Tt ^^^ paiatiltbey asrted for . nnmely , "» tr 4 " 'i . EeEt lhem direcUy to toe tftce to learn " » to it ^ t ^ v ThE 7 TCtttm ^ W sa y > that- the person b ; —^ ^ t ? moa € 7 beiEg absent , no answer could fcr'th- ^ + v ^^ t ' t " iEe T > OOT "woiajai and her Ij * rW t ^^ "EEifeEt Office for the Protection of iT ~ t—S'S- ltW £ 3 aieT * TniTiTit «» ,-.., »? * .. « - TVn f .. T , « H 5611 t 0 tte

      «*^ -r ^ c : b tbtm to ota" ShipPiBS aaT ^ ir 5111 ^ e ^« = ? ed a Fasa ^ e for the faxnilj H&jS ; e ^ P ' amed the whole nattar . They Wm * ° ™ dBI *« Ba that fcuch thir ^ B were of no tfr , f cccurrosce . I fcEqnir « l , 'If such ^ Sa . l ** P nnt of the t 1 ^ ?' a * , w ' . - "at it was disgraceful to haTe such ** Li ^ r i - " ^ c ^^ ted to bring all the shippers »*?¦ f *^ mt 0 odinm ? " Tbp ? said , Th < y conld PicpabTv ? ' 'H they did not think it would be O * t aid nl ?? ^ taken np for swindling ?" * sotfc&wM ., " ^^ " ^ lieutenant Henry firaf ;

      ? ^ aTtet " * Bnt * " Jeudlof the SnperintendenJ ; of kioiL **! ^^ iort nn » te enough to find him . I t&x . ¦ rw t « fin » - a > 8 pearaa Z met at the police tea * J ^ ' ' 8 eejBed tonBdeataud that tbis was a ^ r ^^^ - Taeysald , "Beforeyonproceed in anyig *?^^ better see Mi . Henry . » I therefore , jjjj ^* ™ «« " » omaa , T » itiisoine -wltneffles , tomeetmethe B } & tfiS 013 ^ 5 ' tofl * e " ! ronW "irait OT t 06 Heutenant * SfJrBT » r ! l , "e ^ CT [ nd him in . I explained the case , hi thV * *^ U > l 3 ha fee hardshi p ^ -wonld ha Te been hs vl . odie 8 D nsade ttaii&Jbttrjxwias balance , ^ S ^ fw " ^ s «^ r «*« f dwk ; when tte fefe tfc ^ T' ^™ nothiugletlTrould haTe been thrown fei ii ' ^ f * ' V ^ 1 ^ er ^ e ^ e 11 children , withont home , 2 ? r f- *^ * sapencs , when , Tery possibly , * he had t ^ oie been ten miles from her homer that I

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      thought it tronld be well to haTe the fellowa brcuiht np for swrndKrg ; and that 1 intended to lay the c * se before the Home Secretary . At this last remark , he started , and n * ked me . What he had to do with the Home Office , —that he was not appointed by the Home Office' 1 said , I did not intend to complain of Mb conduct to the Government ; but it was truly surprising to hear him say that be wm not appointed by the Home Office , while his bills , Btoci npon the walls , stated that he was appointed by the < JoTernment . " The lieutenant , after considering upon the case , and representing , amongst other things , that , ' although there was good proof as to how Messrs . Robinson and their tools had acted , it would be difficult to con-Tict , as they would find persons to swear the contrary . '

      He then proposed to Bend an offlcer with Mrs . Bradley to tb . B office This be did ; and when the insolent and brntish fellow found they were in a mess , he instantly said , It was nnderstood that a bargain had been struck , so as to leave the balance stated , bnt haTing found out the mistake , they were ready to take them for the £ l 4 10 V which they acknowledged to haTe received . The return of the whole sum howeTer was insisted on ; and after anritmer-offitz consultation , and being informed of what 1 had threatened to do , T 2 Z- ' To have tbem Droaght before the magistrate for swindling , that morning , if the money was not paid down to the woman , * it was instantly returned , and abe went and paid the £ 12 10 s . at the other office , where I had barsained for her , and she aaaed directly by the ship ' Cambridga '

      *• Sir , among many complaints , J found that the general opinion ia , that a law ought to be passed for regulating the engaging of passages to foreign ports ; and that licenses ougbt to be granted to proper persons . At least , an investigation oogbt to take place immediately into the general mode and management of these affairs ; for the cruelty and imposition is beyond calculation . Would my business permit me , 1 would , at my own charge , stay at the port , watch the proceedings , and make a report . " In the meantime , I shall be most glad if you coald conveniently communicate -with Sir James Graham , Terbally or by letter ; and I feel confident that this statement of the case , although most hurriedly drawn np , is sufficient to arouse your kind and benevolent heart , and to eanse you to make an effort to put an end to conduct so Tile , so cruel , and so oppiessiva . " 1 have the honour to remain , Sir , * ' Yours , most respectfnUy , "L . Pitkethly .-

      The facts connected with this case , brought so immediately under my own cegniricce , made a deep impression on my mind ; and when I at last made arrangements to " go out , " I determined to make myself fully acquainted with the practices and conduct pursued towards Emigrants , both on shore , and when crossing the broad Atlantic . For this purpose I made many ingniries , and obtained mncQ information , when at Liverpool ; of which more hereafter : and I also determined to take my passage among the crowd , so that 1 might not only see , but fed , the common treatment to which poor Emigrante a * s snbj « cted . 1 am now glad I did so , otherwise many facU with which I became but too well conTersant , both on my outward and homeward passage , would haTe been unknown . I shall make them public , in the hope that they will lead to aa altered state of things , much to the bentEt of the Emigrant

      During the period I had the tour in contemplation , I held an € XtenBive correspondence with personal friends in the States for my guidance , and in order that I mi ? ht arrange matters so as to procted throngh thecountry with as much facility , comfort , and advantage as possibla This induced me to take the route of which a sketch will be hereafter given- Among the correspondence referred to was a letter from my friend l > r . Smflea , of the city of Rochester in the State of ? few Tork , which was published last summer , and which had an extensive circulation and txciled mnch interest , in -consequence of a suggested combined plan of emigration , for the carrying of which into effect fieTeral societies in England haTe been formed , aiore of this howtTer , hereafter

      My route , generally speaking , tfss as follows ;—J landed at Boston , in which city and ita neighbourhood 1 remained a few days , and then proceeded to Providence , the capital of Rhode Island , and to Stonnington . Prom thence , by steamer , np the Straits which diTide Long Island from the Main ( and which ib often called the EastlVTer ) to New York ; 1 rom which 1 proceeded along the BiTer Hudson to A' ^ siy , and onward to the Shaker Tillage at New Lebanon , bordering on the Ssate of Massachusetts ; from here I returned partly by a different route to Albany , and proceeded . to the Wt-st by Tai 3 w » y throngh Schenectady , Ufica , SyrscTiBft , Anbum , &c , to Bechesttr ; then t « Lockport and Buffalo by packet ; next on Laka Erie by Dunkirk , Astabnla , Fairport , Painesrille . Cleveland ,

      Sandusky and other places in the State » f Ohio . I then crossed over the Lake , and landed at Maldon , In Canada ; next to Detroit , capital of Michigan , which Stats I crossed in ite full extent . At St . JoBephs I took steamer for Chicago , State of Illinois , in the district of which I rtsmined some time . I then proceeded to Bscine , in Wisconsin territory , and onward to Rochester , ( in Wisconsin ) , Troy , fcc , returning by Milwankey . I there took the steam-boat once more ard proceeded by the Fox and Bearer Isles on the norih'WSMl » hore ot the State of Michigan , passing the Sttaiti of Michillimacinac , ( which diTides the State of Michigan from Wisconsin Territory ) , into Lake Huron , where we soon reached the Island of Mackinaw , —a contraction of the name of Micbillimacinac , — thence to the large island of Sola Blank ,

      landing on the east coast of Michigan , at a small settlement called Preeque Isle ; from thence to the rapids of St Clair , crossing Saginaw Bay . At the entrance to the rapids is Fort Gratiot Thence passing through lake St . Clair , we arrived again at Detroit , and went by the Lake Erie to Buffalo . From here 1 went by steamer and railway , passing Black Hock , Grand and Jfavy Islands , vrith Scfclusstr anrt Chipptwa ( the principal sctnes in the Canadian reTolotion ) to the Great Falls of Niagara ; from which I pi < - cseded to DrummondsTille , at Qaeenston , in Canada ; crosstd the great river to Lewiston , and took Railway to Lockport , and from thence proceeded onwaTd by canal packets to Rochester , and by previous ront « to IVew Tori . From that city I again set sail for England .

      I haTe considered it proper to giTe thiB introductory outline of my " Tour , " before the " Notes" taken during it , are commenced publishing . When the latter are finished , a series of enervations and nflections will follow , in which I shall endeaTunr to maks the reader acquainted tnth tb « impressions which the £ acta I haTe collected haTe made on my mind ; and also endeavour to apply the information so acquired to a practical purpose , haTing for its object and end the benefit and well-being of the poor Emigrant , driTen by " hard times" from his native land . I flatter myself that when the whole is completed , a mass of information not hitherto accessible will be in the bands of tie people . If that should , in only a slight degree , subserve thsir interests , and lead to benefit , my object and aim will be answered .

      I am , my mends , Yours , devotedly , L . PJTK . ETHLT . -Hnddertfield , March 27 th , 1843 . P . S . —In the course of the above Introductory letter , I have alJuried to a communication , received from Dr . John Smyles , of Rochester , State of New York , which h \ s excited considerable attention . Believing that it will be found to contain valuable information , of immediate prod ical use to the " out-going " emigrant , independent of the " suggested plan" before spoken of , I have given it entire . The writer is a man of exteosiTe information , acknowledged ability , and has had a many years experience in the United States He is cousin to the Editor of the Leeds Times .

      TO 21 K . L . PITKETHLY . 1 received with mnch pleasure your letter of the 4 th of October , 1841 . Although it is twelve years since 1 last saw you , 1 had no difficulty in recognising the old frieDd with whom I first formed an acquaintance in London . Yon say yoo gtiave written to me twice or thrice . 1 regret I did not gen your letters , as it would have gratified me lunch to have kept up a correspondence with you . " 1 should have liked especially to have heard from you during the sitting of the National ConTention , of which you was a member . Its proceedings particularly

      interesttd me , and I seldom saw an English paper , on the intelligence and veracity of which I could rely Tie American journals , 1 regret to say , as a 'Whole , were not over friendly to the Chartists , and their actions in detail they seldom noticed . A stray Northern S / ar , or a Leeds Times , conducted by my cousin , were the only sources of information I received , and even these , being like angels' Tisits , " few and far between , " I -VT 3 S often left in ignorance of the real state of tfee popular movement in . England . In the country Tfhere 1 live— so far from New York—an English paper is at all times a rare affair ; a radical one , to use a homely Scotch savin ]; , "is a sight for ssir een . "

      1 still remain as radical as ever ; nay , probably I am more deeply dyed in the wool than when you first knew me . Ytt this conn try , or ratter a residence in it of years , often changes the political opinions of old country radicals . One etes so little of real practical republicanism , that some are apt to become disgusted , and because of a little disappointment , almost become . Tory . But to my mind , this is bnt a ekin-deep Tiew of things . A people jnst set np for themselves on a new principle , cannot act with perfect wisdom at once . It wonld be aosnrd to aspect it ; bnt so long as they possess sufficient intelligence to retain in their own hands the power of change , time "will correct the many abuses that have crept into their legislation . The greatest evil into which the American people have fallen , is

      that of having allowed wealth an undue influence ; Pot years back , wealth alone has bean legislated for . Throughout the Union , in every state , legtolaton seemed to meet for no other pnrpoae than to enact laws to enhance ita power and inflnenos . Hence corporations an * monopolies of all kinds sprung np year after year , like mnshrooms in September . It appears to me now , however , that the peopled eyes are opening to the fact , that do man , or body of men , are entitled to any privilege or right , beyond thexigbt of citilenabip . The fonndatlon stoae on which * be whole superstructure of their system was bnilt , was , that all men were born politically , and in the oye of all law , free and equal . In their declaration of independence , this fundamental truth was the starting point , bnt ever since , in action , it has been lost sight of . Special , or

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      class legislation , has obtained { to a great extent , and unless the 6 vil be remedied , our institutions will become a mockery and a byewprd . Wealth will rule as sureJy and as certainly as it doss with you . I sometimes think , in the praeat state ef the intelligence and morality of the most advanced people , it will do so yet ( or uses ; bnt I nevertheless struggle againut its ioflaence , whether wisely or well , is a problem . Wberetbe intelligence of the masses is nnequal to tfce fall understanding of tdeir system of government , it is a simple and easy matter to cajole and deceiTo them , bo as t « render their productive powers t-ubservient to advance special interefts . J think it must be conceded that the form of our government ; was in advance of tha intelligence of the people—hence the many anti-republican

      institutions that the 7 permitted to grow up everywhere . They are the poisonous vines that have slowly and stealthily crept up the tree of liberty . Unlesa pruned off , they will surely destroy its vitality . That such will not be their fate , I feel a fervent hope , enlivened and cheered , by what I have observed since I came to this country , of the desire of the people to correct abuses which designing and selflBh men have willingly encouraged , I cannot bat entertain the belief that 0 . 1 will yet go welL The productive classes are firm and determined republicans . They have been so often misled by cunning politicians , they are daily becoming awakened to the fact , that they roust understand Government in all its relations themselves , and not take the dictum of travelling orators as the standard by

      which to act and judge in politics , oconoroy , and finance They begin to study these matters , and think and act on their own responsibilities . These branches of knowledge too are being taught in our common schools—a thing hitherto neglected in all countries—and in this lies the political salvation of the people . Indeed , among the rising generation , a knowledge of government is becoming a primary part of education ; esteemed in this country more essential than all else . Without a thorough understanding of what it is , I look npon the mere right of Suffrage and the Ballot as of small amonnt , and probably of doubtful good . England is about the same size bb this State . Suppose by the wand of the enchanter the population of the first was at a moment ' s notica crowded within the area

      of the last , with the same productive means , and all the rights of citi ^ nship conferred npon them . In the present state ot their knowledge , do you think they would "be much better off ? Not at all . The same inequality of condition would soon exist , and the masses have to beg to be permitted to labour , many of whom would not be so permitted , but wunld die of starvation . The Coarter , as a mere instrument to confer rights , Buch as voting for a representative , 4 c , would do little good to the people of England in itself It is the revolution that it would necessarily bring about —the destruction of a splendid bnt frivolous and useless gOYtrnment , Which all their earnings are taxed to support—the annihilation in some way of the national debt—the abrogation of the laws of primogeniture—and

      the permission of the more equal division of the soil among the many . A universal interest must take the place of special interests , and the education of the people , and not tbeir ignorance , must be the object of legislation . If the state of intelligence is such , that the suffrage might be conferred and yet wealth and its influence , privilege and prejudice , maintain their sway , the liberty of all to vole would be a grand evil . When a man has kia children starving at homo , let him be ever bo conscientious , a loaf of bread will bny his vote . Nature will speak more thunder-toned than patriotisn ; or rather , addresses to his patriotism . Do not fancy me tinged with Toryism , because 1

      discourse thus . Ko ; but I have studied the matter here , where what you are fighting for is in operation , and I have long discovered that a people may be given all the rights of freemen , and yet not maintain themselves such . The right to vi > te , without the right to labour . I cannot understand . To be unable to obtain the permission to do so , is tbe same thing in my eyea , for laws that will bring about » r preserve a state of things that necessitates many to ask and be denied the right to live by labour—to preserve a mere physical existence—ia drea ^ . fai to contemplate here , and yet I h&vo seen it more than once ia our crowdod cities . What will it be a century hence , if the peeple do not look to it in time ?

      But I must now reply more directly to yonr letter , or you will tire of my philosophising . In regard to Wisconsin Territory , I never waa there , but many of my countrjmen and friends from this quarter bave ViMtwl it- From the account gives by all , it must be a noble country , with a soil and climate fitting it ad-Mirably for English Betters . Its situation on tbe map is such , that you can ship either to New York er New Orleans , and receive from either place supplies in return . In climate , it approximates mart * to England than any other part of America . The section 1 now live in is too cold , full cix months of winter , and I dislike this very much . This ie a dreary time for us formers to sit by tbe fire-aide . As you remark in your letter , any kind of land may be had in Wisconsin , prairie , wooded

      or pare wet , although I fancy not much of the last All of it is said to be better adapted for growing wheat than any other part of the Union . In population it ia rapidly increasing , and will , in a year or two , become a state . By all means come and see the country before you determine on anything ; but from a knowledge of your former active life , I should predict it would not suit your disposition to settle down in the wilderness of the far west to the cultivation of the soiL There would not be sufficient to keep in play your active mind , unless , indeed , you brought iooo people with you—combined their labour in agricultural pursuits for your mutual benefit *—you to reap for the capital advanced a fair return , and they for the labour spent an equal equivalent ; and if . you

      even gave to the last , as it ought to have , the largest share , in the end you would reap a rich reward . A reward that wonld gladden tbe hardest heart , to see 1060 people independentaud happy , and sou with a property al * sra ) 8 improving , and interest enough to save yon from any Joss in the oatlay of capi f aL I have no donbt all this could be accomplished , if one had means enough to start and carry through the scheme , and without losing a farthing . Another plan might be adopted with probably a better chance of success . It is one I have long thought of ., and you are the very man to put it in execution and carry it throngh , it ia this . To establish an agency in England , Scotland , and Ireland , for the purchase of a million of acres in Wisconsin , at government price , about five shillings ,

      English money , per acre , every subscriber to be entiUed to a quantity of land , from five to a thousand acres , according to the amount of money subscribed That a company might be formed by an enterprising man for thia purpose , 1 bave no deubt ; ana Wisconsin is just the place for such a scheme . There , any quantity of Jand could be had , and that , too , fitted for every kind of purpese . Water privileges , and eyery other facility afforded in abundance ; and , as I before said , the climate well adapted for Englishmen . At the present crisis in England , tbere must be nwny small farmers who would be glad to join such an association of friends and countrymen , btfore the last of their means is expended in taxation . They only want , 1 am persuaded , a leader ; one to point out the way ,

      show tbe advantages of the scheme , and be , as it -were , the pioneer in the business . The individual members of the company might have their choice of tbe kind , as well as the quantity of land , and the price be appraised according to its relative value , and the privileges attached to it In thiB way , the best would bring a little over the cost price to pay expences of survey , agency , &c , and the worst would be sold for less . The oNject would be to bentflt the condition of all , and not subserve individual interest To form a community of countrymen and friends , an extensive social circle of these in the west , to be away from tbe misery that is making rapid approaches to every man ' s door at home , would be worthy of a Howard . I am satisfied , after you bave seen Wisconsin , and bad SOIBf personal talk with me here , when you come over in the spring , you will embrace the plan . It is the vtry thing to give employment to your native energy and activity ,

      and I feel assured it would be the means of rescuing many from the misery of poverty , that must speedily come npon them if they remain at home . Besides , if an association like this was formed , many would immigrate who stay at home . Tht-y would not then have to dread being left among strangers in a far land , but would mingle with , and be sustained by , old familiar faces , to Tinmen , and countrymen . The Canada Company haTe long acted upon tbe plan I have Bketched ; but they feave done it to mak « money as monopolists , and succeeded even in this , although they could offer no political privileges to tbe people , beyond what they bad had at boae . The soil and climate , too , in every way inferior , particularly the latter . As regards bringin ? seeds , roots , trees , < tc . this is of no n-e at all . These things can be had , and at a cheaper rate , htre . A person ought to bring notliing icilh him but industrious habits , and as much capital as he can scrape together .

      After 8 eting America , if you think the plan feasible , and capable of accomplishment , it would fee a good thing to write out a plain aim true account of the conntiy , its soil , products , &c , and lay it , through the columns of some influential journal in England , before the public . Indeed , ii yon know of any paper who -would pay a trifle for such information—as much as would cover my expences in travelling west—I wonld gladly accompany you when you come here . I bave been long accustomed to write for the ptdp , and my long residence here , enables me to give much information on American matters , hitherto but slightly touched on , if touched on at all . I mean information of interest to the farming class of the old country ^ and they are seldom addressed by our fashionable American touriats . You say truly , when 70 U remark , that little dependence is to be placed on English writers on

      America . With very few exceptions , their books are the most trashy affairs that ever wounded the vanity of * vain people , or administered to the prejudice or ill nature of tbe English Tories . Nearly all of them evince the moat consummate ignorance of the character of the yeomanry of this country , nevertheless this is the class whose noble impulses give tone and -rigour to the nat ional character—and they axe the real bulwarks of American liberty . ' Who , amongst these flippant manufacturers of boob , have made it their object to study the habits , the feelings , tbe desires , and tbe capacity for action of the Yankee farmers ? Did tbe writers go jamong them , and make these a Btady ; observe the Tin-wearied industry , the temperate and virtnous tenor of their conduct , their general intelligence , and the honest independence after which their spirit craves ? No ; but frittering away time among email parts of Bociety—amor-s those who ape the

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      vicious bab ' . ta of tbe Enropean aristocracy , which their means are unable to support ; they , after a few months , conclude to give a sketch of America aud the Americans , as if they knew about it aud them . For the most port all thoy spend their wit in pencilling the corrupt productions whicb result from the exotic plants borrowed from the old world ; but those of a nobler growth , indigenous to the soil , are thought unworthy of notice . To estimate , correctly , tbe genuine American , and tbe effects of the institutions , under which he lives , in forming his character , one must abide among the farmers of every degree , who ho ! d from twenty-five to fifty , one hundred or two hundred acres : and who work the soil they

      own . Find out , that it is tbe ambition of all to become possessed of a piece of land , which the poorest can call his own , and observe , in consequence , the Influence of republicanism , on the more equal division of the soil among the people . Contrast the system which encourages this , and permits the attainment of the former objects of human industry , with that which prevails in England , where wealth is produced but to be unproductivelp Consumed in ostentation , pageantry , and tomfoolery . No ; tb . ia would not do . It would be to stab to tbe very vitals , the artificial and abhorrent system that obtains , not only in Eogland , but over ail old countries , and lend a glorious aid to the millions now struggling for political salvation ; but this is far from being the object of such writers .

      I bave thus , my dear sir , written you a long letter . Probably , although I have had tinie to write it , you may not have to read it . I do little else but write , and 1 know you are always busy acting . I have a farm three miles from Rochester , and in the winter time especially , I have little to amuse me at night but to write . It pleases myse . f , if it does no one else . I am far from being rich and great , aa you suppose , but I am sufficiently independent to do pretty much as 1 like ; " caring for nobody , If nobody cares for me . " If you reach New York in May , you will find me at No . 78 . Franklin Screet , at my brotbets—if before , ot after , here—and be sure to call on roe ; most folks in Rochester can direct you to my residence . Meantime , 1 am , my dear sir , Yours , respectfully and sincerely , JOHN SMVLES . State of New York . Rochester , February 1 , 1842 .

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      LEEDS— Housebrfaking— At an early hour on Tuesday morning last , the residenco of the Rev . Charles * Clapham , incumbent of Arniley , was entered by thieves , who bored a hole with a brace and bit , and by that means unbolted the door , The thieves obtained for a booty several articles of silver plate , including spoons , sugar tongs , a wine strainer , a small box , a fruit knive marked " B . Clapham ;" some plated articles , including decanters frames , douters , toddy ladles , and candlesticks ; some pewter articles , and a brown silk umbrella . The robbfery would go far to show that this neighbourhood is infoKted with a daring gang of thieves—the system of " boring , " from the noise which it necessarily makes having been laid aside for some years .

      Sudden Death of ai « Infant . —On Saturday evening last , an inquest was held at the house of Mr . W . Penuiston , the Woolpacks Inn , Little London , to enquire touching the death of an infant named William Irving , residing at Little London . The child waa two months old , and had been rather poorly on Wednesday last ; it was found dead in bed on Thursday morning , without any marks of violence , or without any suspicion of any thing being wrong . Verdict—' Died by ihe visitation of God . " A Disorderly . —On Saturday last , a man named John M'Kenna , was fined 201 . and costs , by Messrs . Wright and Musgravo , at the Court Hou « e , for having on the previous evening , while intoxicated , at ihe Cross Keys , in Wat ^ v-lane , drawn a knife , and treatened to stab the landlord , for refusing to fiil him auy more ale . He was sent to Wakefield for a month in default of , payment .

      Assault on Females . —On Monday last , an old Scotchman , named John Thompson , residing in Brewery Field , was brought before tho sitting Magistrates , at the Court House , Griffith Wright and James Mnsgrave , Esquires , on a charge of having feloniously assaulted two little girls , named Martha Whitaker and Elizabeth Tate . Tne old wretch , who looked upwards of sixty , lived neighbour to the girls , one of whom had neither father nor mother . He has been in the habit of going to the the house of one of them during her oister ' e absence at Werk , and on Friday morning at seven o ' clock , was shown to have committed the offence with which he was now charged . The outrage on tho other girl took place about a month ago . The Magistrates fined him £ 4 and costs ; or in default of payment , to go two months to Wakefield House 0 / Correction .

      Overseers op the Poor . —On Saturday last , the magistrates of thia borough held a special sessions at the Court Rouse , for the purpose of appointing overseers of the poor for t > ie township of Leeds and the various out-townships , for the ensuing year . There ware present—The Mayor ( in the chair ) , Griffith Wright , Esq ., James Musgrave Esq ., Henry Hall , Esq ., Anthony Tetley , Esq ., Joseph Robert Atkinson , Esq ., Richard Bramley , Esq ., Hamer Stansfeid , E- » q ., Ralph Markland , E-q ., Edward Baines , Esq , James Holdforth , Esq ., George

      Goodman , Esq , D . W . Nell , E ^ q ., and Thomas Hebden , £ « q . Eeforo proceeding to business , Henry Hall , E-q ., addressed his brother magistrates and recommended to their adoption the plan agreed upon last year , of choosing aa equal number from each party , so as to avoid all appearance of making the office a political one . Edward Baincs . Esq ., cordially concurred in the arrangement ; he had watched its operation during the past year , and it had been found to work well . Ihe following are tbe parties in whom the office of overseer was then vested for the ensuiug year : —

      LEEDS TOWNSHIP . Mill Hill . —Mr . William Reinhardt , druggist Briggate ; , Mr . James Wales , silversmith , Boar lane . West—Mr . Peter Law Atkinson , Hanover-place Mr . Luke Marsh , Qieen ' a-square ; Mr . W . Avens Skinner-street . North West . —Mr . John Daniel , Cobourg-street Mr . Matthew Johnson , Brunswick-street . North . —Mr . John Metcalfe , Trafalgar-street Mr . Joseph Broadhoad , Lowerhead-row . North E < ist . —Mx . Thomas Weddall , St . Peters ' - square , paper-stainer ; Mr . James Phillips , Mr , Gervase Horsh'eld , Beckett-street . East . —Mr . Wm . Burrows Hainsworth ; Mr , James Craddock . Kirkgate . — Mr . Richard Stead , inaltster , Kirkgate : Mr . James Linsley , grocer , Briggate .

      South —Mr . Jeremiah Scott , Bpint merchant , Waterloo-street ; Mr . Thomas Walsh , marble

      mason . 0 UT-T 0 WNSB 1 PS . Armley . —Mx . R . W . Simpson , Mr . S . W . Ilunslet . —Mr . Wm . Bailey Holdsworth , Mr . Samuel Petty , Mb . John Rothery , Mr . John Rayner . Holbeck . —M . t . Joseph Isherwood Whalley , Mr . Wm . Naylor , Mr . Emmanuel Briggs . Mr . Thomas Crossland . ¦ Deeston . —Mr . Richard Crossley , Mr . James Ingham . Wortley . —Mr . Benj . Barton , grocer , Mr . George Heppor , gentleman . Farnley . —Mr . John Ingham , Mr . James Troughton .

      Bramley . —Mr . Robert Wood . Rodley-road , Mr . Robert dough , Mr . Robert Wood , saddler , Mr . James Walker . Chapel Allerton . —Mr . Vivian Procter , Mt . Wm . Watson . Hcadingley . —' M . r . Joshua Benn , Headingley , Mr . Joseph Whitaker , Kirkstall . Potternewton . —MT . Wm . Stubbs , butcher ; Mr . Hutchinson Gresham , pawnbroker . The appeal days were fixed for the last Thursday in May , August , November , and February ; and the special sessions , for passing the accounts of the overseers for the past year , were fixed for Thursday next , the 13 th instant .

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      A New Theory . — "A new and startling theory as regards the painful duration of human life , appears in a little book called ' The Extraordinary Lite and Times-of Thomas Parr , ' generally called Old Parr , this little work , besides the said theory contains mnoh that is instructive and profitable , as regards the meau s of ensuring good health , and all maybe obtained gratuitously of any agent for Parr ' s Life Pills—a medicine which is rapidly superseding all others , as it has never failed to conquer the most inveterate disorders .

      Rural Adventure . —In an evening last week one of the rural police was going down a rather solitary xoad between Lenton and Hadford , when he heard a slight noise , sounding like a suppressed groan ; he went up to the spot , as near as be could guess , from whence the noiei > proceeded , and called out "Who ' s there ! " ho was answered by some animal jumping up , and giving aim a dreadful bite on the thigh . The poor fellow , muoh frightened , took to his heels , and ran away as fast as he could 1 he felt himself growing very faiai , when lie luokily met a brother rural , to whom be communicated what had just occurred ,

      and wished him to go and see what it was that had bitten hi » but , in oar opinion , he acted wisely in thinking "the better part " of valour was discretion , " and refused , and went home instead with the poor man . By the the time he had reached home his trousers were soaked with blood , and the wounds he had received were from most tremendously large teeth . A surgeon wa 9 sent for , and the man has been ill in bed for several days . The next morning some persons , on proceeding to the spot of the preceding sight ' s ad-wnture , found a dead ass . —Nottingham Review ,

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      HARIIONJF HALL . LETTER IV . TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STXtt . SiR , —In accordance with the statement contained in my last letter , i now give in detail , some of « Q 6 proceedings oi the Rational Society at tnis establishment , in order that your readers { may have before them tbe experience tbe sooiety have gained with regard to practical operations on the land . ; When the estate was taken in 1839 a consultation was held to determine wbiat course should next be adopted . Mr . Owen , who well knew by practical

      experience that no good result ; would arise , uuless every arrangement was complete , and in order , and tbe energies of the members were rightly directed , advised in the in the first instance that it should be used aa an ordinary farm , and all the funds then at the commund of the society should be applied to putting thb land in the highest possible state of cultivation , and that tbe most strenuous efforts should be made to procure a large supply of funds , -wtiere-with to provide every necessary convenience before anj- members were called to it , as he knew tbat they must , ot necessity , become the reflex of the circumstances by which they should be surrounded .

      The popular excitement for commencing practical operations and tha enthusiasm and zaal of some of tbe leading members of the society , contributed together to overpower this advice , and ) as Mr . Owen weir knew that experience would be forcible , and tbe most direct teacher , he offored no objections to their course , but resigned the office of Governor , to which he had been elected , in favour of a more sanguine person , and . a draught of about forty parsons was made . These parties commenced the > r task with a zeal and energy whicb clearly exhibited tbe honest intention with which they came to it , and they showed themselves , in their respective departments , to be highly qualified for the purposes for wbio >) they were selected ; but there waa an absence of j that general and full

      comprehensiveness , of so large au uudertaking , which was absolutely necessary for successful results , and after progressing for a considerable period , struggling through a great number of difficulties , providing some better circumstances for their future comfort , and working most industriously at their ) varloua occupations , tbe leading parties came to tbe resolution , that it would be highly desirable they should again bave the counsel and advice of Mr . Owen , with ^ egard to the course they ought to pursue . l || p Mr . Owen immediately advised a great change to be made , and that tbe operations should be limited to tbe narrowest possible extent , until a larger supply of funds was at the command of tbe society , and this coarse was adopted , aud matters were restricted to the narrowest point , up to the meeting of Congress , held in Manchester , in May , 1841 . the

      At this Congress Mr . O ^ en resumed office of Governor of the Queenwood Community , as it was then called , and proceeded vigorously to re-organiie the strength of the Society , and . to put the land in high cultivation ; he also commenced the erection of Harmony Hall , as the first normal establishment for the formation of the character of ] the human race , on principles entirely different fromj any yet adopted , ia any age or country ; principles which , when they have had the opportunity of becoming fully developed , will allow , not only without any cost or loss to society , but with the greatest possible advantage to every individual concerned in their ^ ntrbduction , of the establishment of that system of universal education , and of permanent beneficial employment , which formed the subject of my last letter . j

      Harmony Hall , which was commenced in August , 1841 , was erected at a cost of about £ 16 , 000 , and was first used for the Congress , ! which waa held in May , 1842 . It was at that period in a very unfinished state , and even up to the present time , some portions are npt completed . Everything in this building , which is calculated for the accommodation of about one hundred and fifty persons , is of the most substantial and superior kind . It is constructed on a plan for three distinct divisions , or classifications of the inmates , in accordance with their ages . The front ¦ part of tho building is adapted for the younger portion of the residents of both sexes , such as are still unmarried . The centre is intended for the adult married persons , and contains accommodation for twenty couples , being arranged in

      such a manner that the bedrooms may serve as occasional sitting rooms . The } back of the building was intended for the infant establishment , which at present is held in the bouse built by the members soon after they came down and used as their residence until they removed into Harmony Hall . Tbe building also contains the necessary offices for transacting tbe business of the society , of the governor , tbe matron , and secretary , and gciod and convenient storerooms fox all tbe purposes of the establishment . There are also in the front division of the building large and capacious dining , sitting , and drawing-reoms , tbe former adapted to tbe classification of ages of whicb I before spoke , and the kitchen has already acquired a celebrity for its superior proportions which places it on an equality with any in tbe kingdom .

      1 know it has been considered by many that the erection of this building , and the consequent outlay , at this period of the society ' s operations , wete premature and extravagant ; and there was a short period during which I entertained this opinion ; but subsequent experience has convinced me that tbe soundest , wisest , and most prudent course which could have been taken , was to provide a superior residence , where at the least a nucleus of mind should be formed , capable of appreciating tbe great , noble and enlarged views of the founder of the rational system , and willing , in consequence of the convictions thereby produced , to brave everything in defence of those principles , which are capable of conferring such unbounded happiness ou the human race . :

      A great mistake has hitherto always been made , in supposing that a few of the working classes can advantageously associate , without snperior circumstances , in a manner that shall enable them to cope with the capitalists , who are often supposed to be their natural enemies ; but this mistake has readily been corrected by tbe proceedings which bave taken place here . We now see that the permanent happiness of every individual is only to be obvained by tbe general happiness of the whole of tbe human family buing eecured ; and we likewise see tbe manner in which this can be done . Education and employment i must become the

      regenerators of the human race , and this education must be founded on ascertained principles of nature , and given i equally to every child that shall be placed within combined operations . Already we witness tbe vivifying effects of superior circumstances , ( more especially on the minds of tbe rising generation . They are acquiring strong physical constitutions , free and happy dispositions , healthful pleasant countenances , and mental and moral qualifications , Which attest strongly the truth of our fundamental principle , that the charaoter of ; man is formed for him and not by him .

      With regard to the land , our farms are now getting into the best cultivation of any in the neighbourhood , and we are onxieusly desirous . ' of calling on a sufficient number of our fellowmen , to come and partake with us the pleasure and delight which is afforded by preparing for the great and mighty change , which not * withstanding every obstacle that can be opposed to us , must soon arrive . ' Aa I stated in my last , we could now locate some hundreds , and shall do so , as ( soon as tbd necessary funds and other circumstances are at our command ; but the great object of our undertaking must be to exhibit to the world a specimen of what can be dose by the scientific combination of land , labour , skill , and capital , well and wisely directed . i

      One well-arranged , -well-conducted combination upon a sufficiently extensive scale , actuated by the true principles of tbe Rational System , will produce such conviction on the minds of all wh »| visit it , as shall secure the adoption of the system on a national basis , and every effort must now be made for this being done without delay . ; We are laying out about twenty-seven acres for a garden and orchard ; ami tbe progress which is making in this department , is of the most satisfactory kind and character . In the course of a comparatively Bbort period we shall have the most superior circumstances in these respects that have yet { been combined , and if we increase the extent of the combination in a proper ratio , there will be an economy and a return for tbe capital embarked , that will throw every other means of producing wealth into the sba . de .

      In the progress towards this state of things we must use every energy , and subdue every personal feeling ; self-denial , in the common acceptation of the term , is absolutely necessary in the highest degree , from every individual -who proposes to become a pioneer of tbe Rational System ; but this self-denial is amply compensated by daily witnessing the progress which la made in the introduction of a superior mode of life , for themselves , their families , and eventually for tbe whole of their fellowmen . ' We bave commenced an educational establishment as ft meana for affording the best opportunity of training futnre members for the system , and for assisting in meeting the outlay incurred ; and [ as soon as our general arrangements will permit , we shall commence some description of manufactures , so as to give the largest possible amount of employment . I

      No one must imagine from the outline I have given that the point to which we have now arrived is to be obtained without considerable difficulty , requiring tbe Continual exercise of prudence , cauticn , and foresight , with strong determination , firmness , and love of order . These , and many other qualifications , are highly necessary for the introduction of a system that has been and for a time will be , in opposition ] to all the prejudices and errors of old soeiety ; and with respect to tha future we most and do expect far higher trials than any that bave yet been sncounteretL Bnt the happiness or miser ; of tbe world is depending on the progreaa we make , and this must and will ttimulate every individual who bears of our proceedings , to ' uk in what way he can further the great cause w « have in hand , and an irresistible onion will isoan be formed , that shall secure every advantage we require .

      In my next letter I will give anjaccount of the manner in whicb tbe members resident in the establishment spend tfceir time . I am , sir , i Yonr obedient servant , WlLLUM GALriN . H ? rmony Hall , near Stockbridge , Hunts , March 25 , 1843 .

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      TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAB . Dear Sir , —Well knowing you to be a lover of fait play , aud always willing to expose tyranny in all its varied forms , I take the liberty of forwarding the f Jllowing faets , trusttnsf you will give thorn publicity in your widely circulated journal . On Friday , the 17 tb of March , a little before nine o ' clock in the evening , aa I was passing by the police station , in this town , on my way home , I was stopped by a policeman of tha name of Patrick Spellman , who , without the least provocation began pushing me about I asked him if I could not go quietly about my business without being insulted ? Upon which he seized msby the collar , and . threw me on the pavement . He then picked me up , and again threw jno d « ivn acisss tbe iron curbing

      of tbe pavement The violence of tbe fall waa Buch as to render me partially insensible , bnt I retained sufficient recollection to know that the " rural gent " dragged me inside the police station , and , after being kindly permitted to stand there a few minafcea , several of these ' « rural gentry" deiiberatejy and forcibly pushed me outside the door . I then waited near the place for the purpose of ascertaining whether friend Patrick SpeUman ^ whose face , despite bis disguise , ( for he was in coloured clothes , ) I well knew was going ont on sight duty or not . Finding he was not , I proceeded homewards . Ou the Monday morning following , I applied for a warrant for Patrick for an assault The case came off on Friday last , March 24 th , before Mr . Henry Hill , and Mr . DehaDe . After I bad stated my

      charge in a plain distinct manner , tbe bead of tha " rurals , ' who delights in tha cognomen of Colonel Hogg , cross questioned me at some length , with a view I suppose of Bhaking my evidence ; but his valuable time was completely thrown away in that respect , as I bad no vindictive feelings towards any of the police force , and I appeared before tbe magistrates for the sols purpose of seeing whether an inhabitant and a rate-payer of . the town was to be grossly insulted vjitbmit giving the least provocation , and the aggressor was to escape with impunity , merely because he was a " rural policeman . " My witnesses , three in number one of whom was a policeman , were then called upon , and fully corroborated my statements . The whole of the . witnesses for Patrick were policemen , with the exception cf a little Irish woman , who keeps a lodging * bouse , and who was very particular as to what she swore , and in whose house Patrick lodges ; these wit * nesses , as many persons present can testify , were bo

      contradictory in their evidence as to create feelings of disgust in almo&t every one in court . One of the force informed the magistrates that when I applied for the warrant , I did not knew tbe man ' s name , for that he was present ok the time I made the applicat ion . 1 then called upon Messrs . Bache and £ eo , two of the magistrates' clerk , one of whom granted me the warrant , who proved before the magistrates that I applied for the warrant in the policeman ' s proper name of Patrick Spellman , before the said p « liceman entered the room . Mr- D ^ bane , one of the magistrates , then told me that be hid not the least doubt but what I bad sta'ed was correct respecting the injury I had received , bnt that tbe evidence was so contradictory that he had a doubt as to the identity of the person charged with the assault , and that , as a matter of course , friend Patrick would receive the benefit of such doubts . Tha c&sa was then dismissed , and I had the satisfaction of paying three shillings for allowing Patrick to insult me . I am , dear Sir , Your ' 8 very respectfully , QBOUQS BBOWff , Town Well Fold , Wolverhampton .

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      TO THE EDITOR OF THE NORTHERN STAR . Sjr — Having been at Newcastle oa Saturday , tha 25 rh instant , in going down Gate&bead , I fell in with a friend , and we leisurely walked over tbe bridge together ; \ , hen about the centre of it , we passed by a person begging . After we had gone Sve- or six yards from him , my friend , turned quickly round and said , " Ah ! do you know who that young man ia with hia hat in his hand begging ? " I auswereJ immediately , " No , Sir , who is it ? " " Well , it is poor Cockburn , the Chartist , and he cannot get any werk , because be ia of that opinion , and his indomitable spirit will not let him . submit , and there you see him , forsaken by his friends , a humiliating spectacle to his enemies , and aterror to others from following in hia footsteps . "

      I re . iliy was paraiieeii and motionless for sometime , and when recovered , my friend and I went and" gave him our mites , with strong feelings of emotion for the man . who could held to bis principles with bo much tenacity and zeal , and beard feis very enemies \ u the midst of so much distress , shivering with cold , and holding out the hand of want to Ihose whom he knew " would rather mock him than relieve bia necessities Are thfcf e no humane and Ghrietian Chartists in Newcastle , to take up this poor and ail-but blind man ' s cause ? Will no one see that somethiag is dona

      for him ? for in his degradation , every man in the cause is doubly bound to do so ; no man will pub himself at the bead of the cause in any town , when Cocbbnrn ' s situation is constantly before hlS ye . I am not of tbe body of Chartists myself , neitheC would I , trom the situation I bold , be allowed to be bo ; but- feel strongly that something must be done to alleviate the distress and awful misery of out country , and I feel assured that no one will attribute this letter to anything bat a pure desire to stimulate come kind friend I say Mr . Sinclair ) , to get np a subscription in aid of this persecuted and spirited patriot A Lover op Humaniti .

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      TO THE EDITOR OF THB NORTHERN STAR . SIR-. —I trust'as you last week published ' . wo letters respecting me , signed William Oddy and John Smith , you win allow me tbe privilege of having a few lines more inserted , informing these parties of their duties , and of enabling the subscribers of the money Mr . Peddie has received from Bradford , and which was originally intended to redeem his watch , to ascertain correctly how such money has really been so appropriated . After I had read the paragraph which appeared in your paper of the -i ' . h inBt . from your Bradford correspondent , charging me with having 33 . 2 d . belonging to Mr . Peddie , I wrote a letter to the sub-Secretary , informing him that I had no knowledge of having snob money , aud that I bad paid a sum , but I did not exactly know the amount , for interest of M r * Peddie'S

      watch at Leeds , on the day the large meeting waa held in Marshall ' s factory , at Holbeck , and that I had no remembrance of having received it from either the Bradford Council or Mr . Peddie's friend ; but stated if I bad , it would be acknowledged in the Association books in my own hand-writing ; and , whether it waa so or not , I requested he would let me know by note or otherwise . Had Mr . Smith complied with my request , which he might have done with very little sacrifice , I should not have written or put you to the trouble of publishing anything from me ; but instead of this , it appears clear that Mr . Smith , who , I am informed , is your Bradford , correspondent ,. had much rather leava his statement unexplained , that he may have frequent opportunities of- making a display of his oratorical powers to the Council concerning it , and of writing letters for publication in yonr paper .

      I assure you , for my part , that I hare no desire to occupy any space in your Journal more than is necessary , or justice to the accused requires . Had Mr . Smith stated , in the paragraph which appeared on the 4 tb instant , for what purpose I received the 3 s . 2 d ., . perhaps I might have remembered the time and circumstance—and it would bave saved yon and me part trouble . This , I conceive , it was bis duty to do , and not ; to publicly accuse me of having Ss . 2 d . belonging to Peddle , and , at the same time , know he was sending for publication an abominable falsehood , Whiob be must have done , if he bad examined the books , as be states in his letter of last Saturday's paper , and found the receipt of it acknowledged in my own hand writing . . How he and Mr . Oddy can both have omitted this may appear strange to a many , but it does noE to me .

      Mr . Smith I am somewhat acquainted with , and am not at all surprised at its being so . I imagine it cannot be possible that Messrs . Smith , and Oddy , and their twelve witnesses , could be so foelish as to give me 3 s . 2 d ., unless I had informed them for what purpose I either had applied it , or intended to apply it ; and if I have received it , and paid it , I have no more money belonging to Mr . Peddie than the Emperor of China has ; or than O'Connor is in possession of all the money which , has gone through bis hands , and which he has paid for the defence of the Chartist victims .

      I ardently wish that the subscribers of this money may continue to prosecute their inquiry until the ; obtain sufficient satisfaction as to the manner in which it has been appropriated , and that the council , including Messrs . Smith and Oddy , may either be found to be so insane as to give me 3 s . 2 d . to apply to my own purpose , or I be exonerated from such a base and unfounded calumny .. Mr . Editor , by publishing tha above , you will greatly oblige me and my friends , and I trust it will be the last communication I shall bare to forward you upon this charge . ; you must be satisfied yourself , from the above , that it is in consequence of the neglect of your Bradford correspondent , in the first instance , that I have thus to trouble you . I remain yours , A determined enemy of these who wish , by

      calumniating others , to obtain notoriety and popularity for themselves , Henry . Btjrnett . 13 , Reform-street , Bradford , March 27 th' , 1843 . PS . if Mr . Craig should see or hear of this , he will greatly oblige me if be will inform me fey letter the amount we paid at Mr . Qresham ' s , pawnbroker , Hans * let-lane , respecting Mr . Peddie ' s watch , 00 the day the large meeting was held in Marahall' i factory at Holbeck . H . B . [ We most have no more of ihUvoED . ]

      Untitled Article

      Fbom Canada , under date of March . 12 , we have an account of another desperate conflict between tha Connaught and Cork men , in which two were shotj besides the cabins of the weaker party being plundered and torn to pieces . The military , afraid ot the carnage they would occasioa , had Kept a | oQf but subsequently made several arrests .

      Hocal An& (Srcnrral Jentthtgetice.

      Hocal an& ( Srcnrral JEnttHtgetice .

      Untitled Article

      THE NORTHERN S T i & 3 ¦ —** - - .... — - ¦¦ ¦ ¦ ,.,. . _ - , —^ „ , , , 7 ~ -. _ y . Juum .. ~ r- , tr * .-., u U 1 MJ ¦ f gi'iii ' iJi . , *»» »¦ . . ' ¦ «

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), April 8, 1843, page 3, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct476/page/3/