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Northern Star (1837-1852), 3rd July 1841, Edition 2 of 4, Page unpag, Untitled Article

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  • Departments (2)
    • I ificid an& General 3Snt*I%*tttt. ^
    • O'CONNOR ON THE FREE TRADE QUESTION.
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      Untitled Article

      ^ OBCESTEUt—Whig Pttritt akd Libe raTrr Exemplified . —Tbe following was received Sol&te for oar last publication . Wilde , the Whig Soli-Sor-General and prosecator of Frost , Williams , and ws , h » s started as a candidate for the represeni-[ aon of Worcester ; and one of his first acts of LjjalitT was , to open five or six public-houses for Se purpose of bratalising the working people . I jne Chartists being determined that the people of Worces ^* Ehould know the real character of the tfWs , sent for Mr . George White , of Birmingham , bo arrived on Wednesday evening , tnd idgressed a large meeting in the open spaee of ground , adjoining the Greyhound Inn , ftew-street . He denounced both Whigs and Tories as enemies of the people , and warned the poor voters not to be cajoled br the unmeaning words and high-sounding proof their mendstie reminded them that

      vises , ^ either of the factions would give the people their rights , and that their promises were not to be relied ca . During the delivery of his address , he was freimenilj interrupted by the Whigs , who kept np tbe fid cry of " He ' s paid by the Tories . " He was Jondl y cheered by the working men , and wa 3 nltijsately ordered to desist by the owner of the premises , who , of coarse , wanted to sell his ale . At Bight , the most disgusting scenes were exhibited . Hundreds of men , women , and even children , were to be seen reeling through the streets belching forth" Hurrah for Wilde ! he ' s a Liberal I" The peace-> We inhabitants were kept awake the whole of the night , by the yelling and hooting of the drunken gangs , as they emerged from the open houses of her Majesty ' s virtuous and liberal late Solicitor ( now Attorney ) General .

      BTJRHLEY ' i—A Cobs Law Repealing Saint . —A correspondent sajg that a few days a # o , a poor widew woman , with foar small children , went from Suunyside to Burnley , to a calico warehouse cot forty yards from the Methodist Chapel , Keighley G . een , to deliver in to her employer four super cots , each thirty ysrds in length , and what did this Sunday Saint and Monday Devil offer the poor widow for the weavJDg ! Hear it , ye who bawl out for a Repeal of tbe Corn Laws , in order that our manufacturers can aadersell foreigners !—just fourp-nce ! One penny for thirty yards ! Fonrp&nce for one hundred and twenty yards ! Is a Repeal of Ibe Corn Laws requisite " to enable ns : o undersell

      foreigners , when a poor woman , after having travelled a distance of Beven miles from her loom to the warehouse , with scarcely food enough in her bodv to sustain her on her journey , is offered forr ' pence for one hundred and twory yards of super corton cloth ! One penny each to carry back ScTcn miles to her fa ' - herless children , and this , too , offered by a Christian ! Chrisdan , didwseay ? A demon rather . The poor woman indignantly refused to receive the sum , ar . d told the Repealer that if she could live "with weaving foar cuts for fourpenee , ana carry them backward and forward seven miles , ^ e could do wit hout , and came away without iv . — Ccrrcrpcndent .

      SEIGrHXtXT ? . —Whi g Libertt of Co . vscience . —The following case of Whig liberality , which occurred the other diy , cannot fail to go far towards jrc'fii ; g ' -he right of that party to the term " Liberal " scmenEes bestowed upon them by Baiues &ad others . A few woolcombers , woiking at the bouse of Mr . William Rhodes , ia Greeugate , having observed , on Tuesday last , several yellow flags sported around them from different buildings , came to aa agreement amongst themselves to exhibit & green one , in accordance with their Radical principles . They accordingly hoisted the emblem of their political " : a " : ir ., at the JOp of the house , on a lon ^ pjl e , Tkbercit continued to wave in opposition » its yellow Bti&hbcmrs . The house , as it happened Moused to tbe Messrs . Greenwood , whose Whig isrinciolts and weighty ui&aence tnrougb cotton and

      land , make them great favourites wi' . h my Lord Morpeta , ' aud his xhick and thin supporters at all elections . These gentlemen , it appears , had ? een the ias , and taken offence at its colour , for « n Beeticg triih Mr . Rhodes in the market on the following day , they ordered him , in the most asoleni- and domineering career , lo take the flag down , orserwise they wosld send men to take it down for him . Mr . R ., thinking that he lived in a land -where one man hai as much right t « his colour % z another , aiked them if he was not to be allowed his own opinions . " ^ No , " said the Whigs , " not on our premises . " B What , do I not pay my rent \" said Mr . Rhodes . " 0 , " said they , " that has nothing to do with the business ; we insist upon jou tikin ^ down the flag , otherwise you must find a hpih house . " So Baying , the two Liberal Wfligliberty-of-conscience men walked away .

      WIGTOS . —During the visit » f the Whig and Tory candidates to this town , two half barrels of ale were ordered to be distributed in tbe streets by the latter , in order to make himself the mosi popsiar . Bnt no sooner did this attempt at bribery and drcnkfuness become known , than a few working men , despising the base arts of the faction , seized the barrel ? , run the liquor out , and then dashed them to pieces , amidst tbe cheers of those assembled , who then gave three cheers for the People ' s Charter . At a democratic temperance meeting , the same evening , a resolution was passed , condemnatory of those who woald thas induce lie working classes to prosu ' tate themselves , ond ecnjplimenujjg those brave men who had so nobly conducted themselves .

      Untitled Article

      UNITED STATES . Pkfstdett's Message . —The 27 rh Congress of ihe Uhi ' . ea Siates assembled at Washington on tbe 31 st tilt . The House of Representatives having been organised , tbe election of Speaker was disposed of on the Tery first vote . Mr . John White , of Ksnteckj . th-: ii-.: i sterial candidate , received 121 votes , and Mr . J . W . Jones , late Chairman of the Ways and Meajs , 84 . Next day , the 1 st of June , tbe President transmitted to both Houses of Congress his message . It is brisf , compared with Presidential messes generally , and appears to have given general satisfaction . He alludes briefly to tbe lamented death of bis predecessor . General Harrison , and passes on to the financial and general position of American matters . In allusion to the case of M'Leod , he is reported to say : —

      " A cormpoBdiDee has taken place between tie Secretary of State and tbe Minister of her Britannic Jlsjesry accredited to this government , on tht subject of Alexander M'Lead's indictment and imprisonment , copies of which are herewith communicated to Conpeas . In addition to whit appears in these papers , h may be proper to state that Alrxander M'Leod has been heard by the Supreme Court of the State of New York on his motion to be discharged from imprisonment , and that the decision of that Court had net as Jet betm pronounced .

      " : *> far as xt depends on the coarse of this goveromeat our relations of good-will and friendship will be aeduiGUjly cultivated with all nations . The true American policy will ba found to consist in the exercise of » * pirit of justice to be manifested in the discharge of ID onr international obligations , to the weakest of the hsBilj of cations as well as to the most powerful . Occasional conflicts mar arise , but when the discussions indcfcnt to then are conducted in the language of tali , and with s strict refard to justice , the scourge of ¦* v -sill for the most part be avoided . The time ought to be regarded as having goce by when a resort to irms ia to be esteemed as the only proper arbiter of national differences . "

      Tee President then goes on to say that in his opinion there exists nothing in the extension of the American empire over her acknowledged possessions to excite the alarm of the patriot for the safety of the iostitutinns . The Federative system leaving to » ei state the cara of its domestic concerns , and MTolriBg on the Federal Government those of Seaeral import , admits in safety of the greatest eip&nsion ; but at the same time be deezaed it proper to add , there would be found to exist at all tines an imp « rions necessity for restraining all tae functionaries of the Governmcct within the fiage of their respective powers , thereby preserving * jast balance between the powers granted to the ooTerwnent and those reserved to the States and tbe

      People . He then alludes , in an elaborate address , to the Bate of the currency , to the banking in the Slates , * nd generally to the liabilities of the country . Tae Mowing is * n extrac . t"_ I cannot avoid recurring , in connection with this E ^ jict , to the necessity which exists for adopting some s ^ sile measure whereby the unlimited creation of barxs . by the States may be corrected for the luture . each rtsalts can be roost readily achieved by the con-¦ e = t cf the States , to be expressed in the form cf a com-J > i £ among themseiTes , which they can only enter inU * . ' -h the consent &nd approbation of this Government A eoniest which might , in the present emergency of Poblie demandsjustifiably be given , by Congress in

      , driaee of any action by the StaUs as an inducement to ftci action , npon terms well defined by the act of tender . Such a measure , addressing itself to the calm fcfifction of the States , would find , in the experience of "f cpast , and the condition of the present , much to •*» in it ; and it is greatly to be doubted whether any thttne i .. f finanee can prove , for any length of time , * 6 cee « sful while tie States shall eontiane In the nnre-* ^ uied power of creating banting corpoiatioDi ^« poTer can only be » t » U ^ by their conBent With the adoption of a financial agency , of a atasactory chiraeter , the hope may be indulged th * t fee country may one * more return to a ttate of pro » - Peitj . "

      me J » ew York money market wore a favour-«> ie appwt j nearly every description of stock had la prored .

      Untitled Article

      pm ; ioss . —The number of divisions which have * ten place up-. n various public and private bills in we Boose of Commons daring the pa 3 t session * & > getbfcr amounts to 109 ; of which no less than siBfcteen were upon the Poor Law Amendment Bill , » tte on the County Coroners' Bill , five on the [ cnuhment of Death Bill , and tis od Lord Morpcth ' s ^ o Registration BH 1 .

      Untitled Article

      Lobd StraBET has been called up to the House of Peers under the title of Baron Maltravers . Sir John Campbell ' s title is Baron Campbell . ¥ * : ¦! J ^ litUAM Bdsh , a civil engineer , is engaged m bailding a lighthouse on Goodwin Sands , and has made Borne progress . He { sheets to secure the foundation before the eqainoctia ! ga ! e 3 . New Cos . —What parliamentary candidate's name speaks his own sentiments , that of his co-candidates , and all the Whig and Tory candidates of the United Kingdom ! Do you give it up!— "Lie-All , " the chief of the foar Conservative City candidates . The strike Of the journeymen hatters in Lancashire has terminated . They have at last acceded to the masters' terms . No fewer than 5600 persons have b ? en out of employment for sixteen weeks , and upwards of £ i 0 ; 000 in wages have been kept oat of circulation .

      Mobs PLi . rrmxGS . —There have lately arrived from the continent , for his Royal Highness Prince Albert , thirteen beautiful milk-white goats , of a peculiar and valuable breed , which are now in the deei-pen , near the Btatne , in the Great Park . A Tov . —A few days ago , at Exeter , a nurse gave an infant , nine months old , a bottle containing oil of vitriol , to amuse it ! The poor child contrived to get out the cork , and drank part of the liquid , which caused its death . The Long Pabliamejtt . — The late House of Commons has existed longer than any which has been elected during the last fifteen years ; that which was summoned in December , 1826 , having only existed about three years and a half . The one just expired may , therefore , not unaptly be termed tbe" Long Parliament . "

      Anti-Beef asd Mctt ? n Paktt . — At Merthyr , Dowlais , Tredegar , and Nantyglo , the Chartists , and many other workmen , have declared war against the present high price of meat—8 d . per Ib . ; they have ' signed a solemn declaration not to purchase any till the price be reduced to 4 Id . per lb . Nearly aH the bntchers that attended the above markets last Saturday returned with their meat unsold . Great Ship . —The great iron steam-ship now being built at Bristol , will probably combine a greater number and variety ef untried principles than were ever before united in one enterprise ¦ of the same magnitude and

      importance—( a boat 3600 tons , it is gaij)—her material—( plate iron)—her engintB , nearly twelve hundred ho , rse nominal power—^ cylinders ons kundred and twenty inches in diameter I—no piston rods ' . —no beams!—the connecting rod laying hold immediately on the piston , and a moveable hollow casting playing through a stuffing-box in the top of the piston w grre play to the said connecting rod 1—an unlimited application of the expansive principle ! —and to crown all , no paddle-wheels ! no . paddleboxes projecting from her vast sides!—no apparent propelling power , btit an unseen agent revolving under her keel and enabling her to

      " Walk tbe waters like a thing of life . " Verily , verily , we live id an age of wonders ; and if the mechanical genius of the era give safe birth to this creature of its conception , and foster her into vigorous maturity , it will be difficult henceforward to set any bounds tolocomotion over tbe waters of tbe deep . Middlesex Sessions . —Satcsdat . —Procf : i : di > ' « s c . tdeb the Weights a . \ d > Leasi ; ices Act . —Messrs . Wilson , Knight , Wilkes , and other magistrates of the county , assembled on Saturday , to hear and determine the followia ^ eases of fraaidt — "William Thompson , of Little Graj's-inn-lane , milkman , was fined five shillings and costs , lor having two of his measures slightly unjust . The defendant said thai

      he purchased the measures from his predecessor , and he had considered them of the legal standard . Mr . Knight saidhis conduct had been very loose , and by way of caution , the court felt bound to icfl'ct the penalty . Sarah Crisp , also a dealer in milki was iined five shillings for having in use oue mcasurp , the saade being unjust . MaryNewham , of No .- Bo , Gray ' s-inn-lane , coal dealer , was charged with having in u ? e a seven pound weight , light of that quantity scveu ounces , and fined twenty shillings . Thos . Cooper , cheesemonger , o : &i , Brook-street , Holboni , was-next fined . Mr . Turner , tbe assistant inspector , said he found thedef Sudani ' s weighing machine with a draught against a purchaser of seven drachms , occasioned by a halfpenny being placed under the scale .

      Fined tweuty shillings . Jame 3 Bromley , No . 7 , Fox-court , Gray ' s-inn-lane , coal dealer , waB ordered to pay twenty shillings for haying in use a machine three qaaiters of a pound against » purchaser . Samnel Alexander , ironmonger . No . 124 , Goswellstreet , St . Luke ' s , was complained of under these circumstances . Mr . Turner said that he had seized on the defendant ' s premises three weights , purporting to be of 56 ib 3 . each , deficient of that quantity from three ounces to three ounces and a half . Fined twenty shillings . John Lea , 8 , Church-street , Lower-road , Islington , coal and potato dealer

      appeared on a summons under these circumstances Mr , Turner said that defendant ' s coal-machine had a false balance of ten ounces r a seven pound weight was light nine drachms ; a one pound , four drachmB deficient ; and a half-pound , two drachms short . A penalty of thirty shillings was inflicted , the bench telling the defendant that they cousideied it a deliberate case " of fraud . At the conclusion of the investigations , the magistrates complimented Mr . Childe , the Inspector of Weights aua Measures , aud bis witness , and requested them not to relax in their exertions to punish and expose the plunderers of the poor .

      HlGHWAT RoBBEKT AXD ATTEMPTED MCRDER . —A correspo . dent has furnished us wi ; h the particulars of a deed of intended murder , for the sake of plunder , scarcely second in villainy to that whi ph occurred in Ludlow last August . The scene of this new crime was at the foot of Lille-shall Hill , on the road from Newport Wthe Iron Works at Donnington Wood , in the county of Salop , close adjoining the village of Lilleshall , and the seat of his Grace the Duke of Sutherland , Lord Lieutenant of Shropshire . Mr . Britain , a respectable grocer at Newport , has bean accustomed for many years to supply the chartermasters at Donnington with the cash in silver and copper recmed by him weekly , varying from £ 30 to £ 100 , for the purpose of pajiog the men employed

      in the iron-works . This money was usually seat on the Friday ^ in a light cart , in the custody of one of Mr . Britain ' s servants . Some time ago a married man , named Thomas Simms , was entrusted with this charge . but having left Mr . Britain's service , he commenced the business of selling fruit in the town and neighbourhood of Newport . Lately thechsrge wasentrusted to a young man , named Benjamin Mcholls , a servant in the employ of Mr . Britain ; and wi : h this fact the former servant , Simnii , was perfectly acquainted . On Friday week , owing to some delay , the money was not forwarded as usual : bui about eight o'clock on Saturday morning Nicholls was despatched to the ironworks on horseback , having £ 10 in copper slung across the saddle , and a further

      sum of £ 5 » n copper secured on the pommel of the saddle , on the top of which was placed £ 50 in silver , tied up in- a shot bag . He arrived at Lilleshali Hill about nine o ' clock , and on passing a stile which terminated a footpath leading from the top , he was accosted by Simms , who crossed over the stile , and asked Nicholls where he was going 1 He replied that he was going to Donnington works . Simnu tien crossed the road from left to right , behind the horse , saying that he was going towards Wellington ; and placing , his left hand on the animal , walked side by side for a short time . On a sudden Simms exclaimed , " Look ? what ' s on the hill ? "and immediately drew . forth a hammer , a pound weight , and inflicted two tremendous blows on Nicholl's head .

      Fortunately for tbe young man , be did not turn his head in the direction of the bill , fearing that the money nfght fall from the saddle , otherwise-the blows mnst have fallen on his temple ; as it was , the blows were received on his forehead , and he became powerless and stunned , bat did not fall . The horse immediate ] y sprang forward , and the bag of silver , and the Jto in copper placed on the saddle , fell to the ground , and the latter parcel burst , and its contents were scattered on the road . As soon &b Nicholls recovered his senses he galloped on to Newport , raising an alarm of " Murder J" Id the mean tim « Simms picked up the bag of silver , and ran up the hill , kut meeting a person who had heard the cries of distress , he turned back into the

      road ? and escaped . In a few minutes afterwards his wife , Harriet Simms , was seen by personB who had heard the alarm to descend from the monument a : the summit of the hill , which had been erected by a grateful tenantry to the memory of the Duke of Sutherland , and approach the hedge along which her husband had been B « en to run . She was observed to kick the long grass on the margin of the ditch , as if in search , of something which had . been dropped ; but not succeeding , she _ departed in the direction of Newport . The intended victim , however , succeeded in arriving first at Newport , aud haviBg ^ raised a hue and cry , the woman was taken on entering the town . Several of tbe inhabitants aud police immediately commenced a pursuit after Simms , and about noon ho was takeu by Mr . Preston , a publican , within a few miles of Newport . Information waB then given

      to Mr . Baxter , superintendent of police , wno made Btriet search in the vicinity of the place where the outrage wag committed ; and , after considerable pains he discov ^ Jed the bag of silver in the drain at thefbot of the hi !' * The hammer w * s also feud near the spofc . Simms a -od his wife were then taken befere Charles Horns , . Esq . a magistrate of the Newport district . In addition to the above facts , evidence was given to prOTe that the prisoners were seen waiting on Liliesbitfl Hill nearly the whole of Friday , the day on whiob the money was usually conveyed to Doauinston . Much astonishment was excited by the fact of the outage being committed at such a time on the highway particularly as it was Newport market day . Vae prisoners were fullv committed for trial at the ntxt * ss : zcs , on the capital charge of highway robbery , accompanied win - violence ? We are happy to sta * that Nicholls is recovering from his wonade . —Sfo-ft'cwwy Faper .

      Untitled Article

      Ships of the Lma . —A first-rate man-of-war ( saoh as the Trafalgar , that was launched at Woolwich on Monday week ) , requires about 60 , 000 cubit feet of timber , and uses 180 , 0001 b . of rough hemp in the cordage and sails for it . The ground on which the timber for a seventy-four gun ship ( little more than half the size of the Trafalgar ) would require to grow , would be fear teen acres . It requires 3 , 090 loads of timber , each load containing fifty cubical feet . One thousand five hundred well-grown trees , of two loads each , will cover fourteen acres at twenty feet asunder ; 3 , 000 loads of rou « h oak , at 2 a . per foot , or £ 5 per load , will cost £ 15 , 000 .

      How to GaihFivk Hundred Pounds . —Any person who has received a bribe may get a third party to prosecute the briber , himself give evidence against his corrupter , and not himself be exempt from all penalties , but share with his friend the penalty of £ 500 . The individual bribed will , of course , only proceed against such persons as can pay the penalty on conviction , the whole of which the law awards to the prosecutor . The eases in which such prosecutions can be instituted are these : —First , where money has been paid down for a vote ; secondly , where a promise is made that a certain sum shall be paid for a vote ; thirdly , where a situation , a

      receipt in full for a debt , the settlement of an action , a loDg price for a cabbage , cat , canary bird , &c , or any such inducement to vote on the side the veter would not have voted on without such inducement is given or promised not to vote for a particular candidate , or not to vote at all . The briber is , therefore , completely at the mercy of the bribee . It is true that the proceeding would not be very creditMe to tbe party , bnt it is Hot a whit worse than the selling of the vote , and he that has bartered his conscience for the paltry sum of £ 5 , or £ 10 will b&rdly scruple at such a peccadillo when the priee in view is £ 50 * . —Sun .

      Despotic Con » uct op Pabish Officers . —The shop of Mr . Marshall , a news agent , residing at No . 20 , Brown ' -lane , Spitalfields , it appears , has become marked as an object for official vengeance * Mawwormism is rampant in Spitalfields ; Baints flourish in that locality , and have become as plentiful as blackberries . At elav . n o ' clock last Sunday morning , Mr . Graham , an auctioneer aud appraiser , residing at the corner of Wood-street and CUurchstreet , and who is , also , constable of the parish ; Mr . Home , undertaker , Now Montague-street ; together "ffith three or four other persons , accompanied by the two beadles , Messrs . Pilbrow and

      Hart , approached the Ehop of the above-named individual , and desired him to take down several show boards , on which the bills of contents of the various Sunday journals were posted . Mr . Marshall , in a very civil manner , replied , " Certainly , pass on , Gentiemen , and I will at once do 80 . " The parti&s retired two or three yards , and just as Mr . M . was in the act of taking a board in doors , they rushed back , and Mr . Graham himself having seized a placard , the beadles followed his Christian-like example , and possessed themselves of all the posting bills , beside 3 six penny unstamped papers ; and threatened ivlr . Marshall , if he resisted , to lock him up !— Weekly Dispatch .

      Barbarocs Mukder in Shabwem ,. —On Friday evening , a brutal murder was committed in a street called Blue-gate Fields , High-streot , Shadwell , by two women of the town , named Mary Long , alias Owen , and Hannah Covineton . The victim was a Mr . Thomas Brigga , an elderly gentleman , who has been for many years residing at No . lli , Norfolkstreec , Turner-street , Commersial Road , and who was the owner of many houses in the neighbourhood of St . George ' s East and Shadwell . He was passing along B . 'ne-ffite Fields on Friday evening , about seven a ' elock , when he was assailed by the two women , who beat him in a most garage manner ; and from tlio effects of these injuries he died a few minutes afterwards . The women were taken into custody , and have been committed for trial for the Eurder .

      Last Glimpse of the Pheside . nt . — The packet B .. ip Orpheus , Capt . DjIb , which sailed hence on the Ikh of March , in company with the ill-fated President , arrived 5 « tterday from Liverpool . Captain Coli had the last glimpse of the steamer ou tho l" 2 : h of March , the day before the most terrific gale that ever blew on our coast . Nothing has been heard oj seen of her since that morning , unless the wreck seen by Captain Bowman was her . Many and many a person will remember that dreadful gale , which raged for two days , the 13 th and 14 th of March , strewing the broad Atlantic for miles with spars , masts , htnls , and wrecks of all kinds .

      Capt . Cole said he never experienced such another . So strong did the wiud blow , that it took the sails , furled tightly on the yards of the Orpheus , completely off , " and tore them into rags . And Capiain Comstock , of the steamer Massachusetts , who was in Long Island Sound on the first night , reports that be never passed through such a night . That he aud all his passengers were saved was a miracle . Several of the passengers say that they are indebted to the skill and coolness of the ct ptain for their lives . We give these facts to show the severity of the gale the President , with her heavy bulky machinery , had to encounter when only two days out . —New York Paper , June 1 .

      Cbvel application op the Law . —We were induced to inquire if any measures had been tak . n for the relief of the poor creatures lately convicted of hawking a few trifling articles without licenses , &c , whose cause was advocated in the T * wn Council , and Police Boards , by Baihe Grieve and Mr . Dudd , and we ascertained that a petition in their behail' wonld be forwarded to Lord . Normanby , to be presented to the Q ; een . We know not wheu any instances of hardship < qaal to those of the poor people to whom this petition refers have been brought before the public . The first case is that of Mary Tominay who is upward * of fifty years of age . She wants the power of her right hand , and was trying to pick up a living bv disposing of a few articles of

      delf-ware in the streets . 1 at 2 ad . is a similar case . The 3 d , Helen Luna er Nott , sent out by a cobbler to etll a few patched-up shoes in a basket . 4 th , the child of the person last mentioned employed in the same way . 5 th , » woman of fifty , who carried a basket with a small stock of combs , worsted , &c . 6 th , a discharged pauper trying to maintain herself in the game manner . All these have been severally convicted of hawking without a license , and fined in twenty-five pounds each , which penalty , in regard to their ability to pay , might as well have been £ 25 , 000 . Iu default of payment they have beeo sentenced to be imprisoned for three months . The 7 th case is that of an infirm mau , aged sixty , sentenced to one months imprisonment for hawking delf-ware without a license , and the 8 ' . h another man aged fifty-five sentenced to three

      months imprisonment for tbe crime of selling a row tapes , laces , and lacifer matches without a license Under what despotism could there be anything more cruel perpetrated on the poor and helpless than this 3 The petition states that none of the individuals convicted were aware that they were infringing the law or were informed that they were doing so till they wer « taken up and subjected to ah its rigour . The touching circumstance is also mentioned that none of them ever suffered a day's loss of personal liberty till they became the victims of a stretch of law , which every person of ordinary feeeling must stigmatise as cruel in the extreme , if the prayer of this petition for a remission of a heavy punishment where no punishment is deserved is disregarded , it may well be eupposed that there ia neither ni ^ -rcy nor justice to be found in the high places where power is lodged . —Scottish Patriot .

      Teetotalfrs , Beware . —Spurious Tea . —William Terry , grocer , « fcc ., of Greek-street , Soho , was charged , on Friday , before the Commissioners ol Excise , with having in his possession a quantity of spurious tea . Mr . Francis Charles Wingrove , on being sworn , said he had been in the Excise thirteen years , and from information which he received he bad made a seizure of lS 3 ibs of leaves on defendant ' s premises . It was made in this manner : — In September last , he was looking after a man named Dellahoi , whom he saw deposit a chest in the shop of tbe defendant , and again on the 22 ad of December , he saw him deliver two more chests to the servants of Mr . Ttrry . He on the latter occasion went up to the cart to question Dellahoi , when that person took to his heels , and has since

      been at hide and seek . Witness immediately thereupon broke open the chests , and perceiving that they contained stuff in imitation of tea , seized it , and conveyed it , with the horse aud cart , to her Majesty ' s stores . While he was examining the rubbish , Mr . Terry made his appearance , and oa being interrogated by witness , he said he had one previous dealing " with Dellahoi , of whom he knew but very little , and that the article be then bad from him was genuine and good at tbe price , which was 4 s . 4 d . & pound . Mr . Go « lding Bird said , he had examined the contents of the two chests , and discovered that it consisted of sloe and hawthorn leaves , and redried tea-leaves . ( He produced to the Court many samples of them , opened and pasted on white paper . ) He had extracted from the leaves , and there was not the slightest taste of tea . By direction of the Board of Commissioners , witness had seen the defendant , and examined his stock , some of which was

      very bad indeed . One of the shopmen was grinding some leaves , and when asked his motive for bo doing , the accused said that old women frequently asked for tea-dust , and he was making them some . ( Laaghter . ) Terry said the cheats were sent to him w samples . Mr . Waddington—** Did he tell you the prioe he w * s to give ! '' Mr . Bird—No . He « iid they had not agreed upon the price . " Mr . Waddington— " Could suoh Btuff be palmed on an experienced person as genuine tea I Mr . Bird" It would be utterly impossible . " Mr . Waddingfcen— "Did the defendant say anything of Dellahoi . " Hr . Bird— " He merely observed that he wished he had never seen him , and that he was ashamed of tbe transaction . " Mr . Stephenson said , that as the defendant had not examined the contents , it could not be said that he had a guilty knowledge of the affair , and he thought the information ought to be dismissed . The other Commissioners concurring , the case was accordingly dismissed . The Court ordered the rubbish to be burnt .

      Untitled Article

      Mb . William Baineb , the church-rate victim , after an imprisonment of more than seven months , having been incarcerated on the 13 th November last , was released on Wednesday morning ; and on quitting tbe prison , without going into the town at all , started unmediateljr for HaHaton < a village at some distance , where his parents and some of his brothers reside . Mr . Bainea hu not paid the rate , nor have any of his frienda ^ PopoLATioN . —The population of Vienna amounted in 1840 to 357 , 927 , of whom 204 , 298 were Anstrians , and the rest foreigners . The increase since 1887 is 23 , 427 , but these are chiefly foreigners . The national manufactures have within the last ten yeara made immense progress . The population of the whole kingdom of Saxony amounts to 1 , 687 , 141 . The prodooe of the mines for 1839 was 7 , < KtO , OOOf . The woollen manufactories employ between 3 , 000 and 4 , 000 looms , making annually 160 , 000 pieces of cloth . The national debt amounts to 56 , 998 . 327 f .

      The Free Ibade HtMBifG !—The following statement has been compilied from the report of the late Faotory Commissioners appointed by the libertyloving and labour-rewarding Whigs . Our hardworking artizans may judge from it what would be the effect upon their own wages were the free-irade and anti-corn law principles of the party carried out before the working men themselves had secured a voice in the making ofthelaws . Cheap bread would be literally beggars ' wages : —The factory operative in England works 69 hours per week , for which on an average he has Us . wages . In America he works 78 hours , and has 10 s . wages per week . In France he workafrom 72 to 84 hours , and has 5 s . 8 d . per week . In Switzerland he works 78 to 84 hours , and has 4 s . Sd . per week . In Tyrol he works 72 to 80 hours , and has 4 s . per week . In Saxony he works 72 hours per week , and has 3 s . 6 d . wages . And in Bonn , in Prussia , he works 94 hours , and has 2 s . 6 d . wagesjper week .

      The Beastly Poor Law Bill . —The Nottingham Guardians have offered a bold front to the Somerset House Bashaws , whose days , happily for the comforts of the poor , we hope are numbered . We would wish that every other Board in tho kingdom would act in a bimilar becoming spirit . It appears from a report in the Nottingham Mercury , that ihe Guardians had mode application to the Commissioners for a dissolution of the Union ; but that the latter have not yet come to a decision on the subject . In the meantime Mr . Senior , an Assistant P « or Lxw Commissioner has attended a meeting of the Board , in order that any communication , touching the subject of the dissolution , might be made to him . Mr . Senior , however , said that he had seen

      the reasous mooted in the support of that measure ; the fir ^ t was , that the Union was " too extensive to be conducted with proper arrangement and attention . " On this head Mr . Senior urged " that the Guardians brought forward no facts to support their position . " Whether they have or have not , we are unable t « state . We have not seen the reasons that were sent by them to the Strand despots ; but we could produce a hundred good and sufficient arguments to show why Unions should bo restricted to size ; leaving out of the question the baneful effects of the centralization scheme , as tending to create patronage , and ultimately to crush the people . The second reason for bringing about a dissolution was this , " that it is impossible

      to carry out and strictly abide by the principles of the New Poor Law . " Mr . Senior Baid nothing was easier . In this he was perfectly right , and the Guardians manifestly wrong ; for the flint-hearted Bashaws mako no bones of carrying the strict letter of the law into effect , at the expenso of the bellies of the psor . What the Guardians meant to urge was this , and tbe feeling is good , and does credit to their hearts—that it was **¦ impossible" to carry out the principle of the B . ll without bringing the poor to a by far worse condiiion ^ than the very beasts of the field . It requires an iron-nerved man to enforce such a law as this ; and none but such persons as are entirely destitute of feeling are chosen to fill tffioes under it . Hear what Mr . Htcklin said , in

      reply to Mr . Senior— " He happened to be waiting at a Union workhouse , in a room leading to the passages , when a cleanly 3 nd respectably c ! ad young woman made an application to see her parents and younger brother . After some delay , she was permitted to sec her mother , who was then taken back , aud her father and brother were then brought . She was not allowed to see ttum together , and the schoolmaster stood within a lew yards all the time , with his hands in his pockets , totally preventing any interchange of those domestic sympathies which they know so well Jbow to value , aud from the situation ill which the parties were placed , would in this case be rendered doubly dear . These unfeeling regulations ought to be broken down , as they were

      contrary to tho spirit of mercy in which the laws of England were framed . " The presumption is , that this regulation iB enforced , lest tho paupers communicate totbeir friends tho horrors of the Bastilesystem . But is net this a dreadful state of things that our workhouses are in every respect , as far as discipline is concerned , on a footing with common gaols , and by far worse , when prison fare is contrasted with prison diet . It was really shocking that this poor girl was not allowed to converse with her brother and her parents without the presence of the schoolmaster . Nobody but , a positive fiend , a wretch in human shape could havo advised such a monstrous regulation . We are glad that the A ' ottingham Guardians have madeaetir in the matter .

      The old English plan of each parish managing its own affairs , is mure satisfactory than the present sweeping system of centralisation , at which every real Briton ought to look with an eye of jealous ? . These Guardians hare been a sharp thorn in the side of the Magnates ; they rejected the diet tables , and an apology was sent to tfaem , that the sending the starvation tables to Nottingham was all " a mistake . " In the adjoining Union , where there appears to be a want of proper spirit , the master is compelled to adopt the Seffierset House scale , and weigh out the food to the nicest fraction ! At Loughborough , there has actually been a controversy about dividing a potato ! Mr . Senior

      recommended the finishing the new wovknouse , which might be done at a cost of £ 1 , 500 , but it was clearly shown by a practical man ( Mr . Soars ) , that £ 10 , 00 * would not be more than sufficient to effect the object . Let the Nottingham Guardians delay this project . At no distant period the law must be carried out by persons interested in their own and the welfare of the poor ; and when that is the case , the Guardians will find accommodation for the poor , without expending £ 10 , 010 over and above what has already been laid put . At the forthcoming election , we call upon the constituency to exact pledges from the candidates that they wiii vote in the House of Commons for the dismissal of the

      Strand gang , and for the law being carried out , as of old , by properly elected Guardians . There is a p leasing diMerence in the management of the poor in workhouses without the scopo of the withering pauper starvation act . The poor old folk are happy ; they get tea , sugar , and other little comforts ; the youug , while they are properly worked , are not harshly treated ; and children are permitted every rational enjoyment . There ia none of that severity in the old system , that prevents a father speaking to his child unless in the presence of the schoolmaster or some other appointed person . Under the old plan of management the poor are not looked up in

      dens , which have no light , except what is admitted through the roof ; and at seasonable hours , and at appointed times , they are permitted to visit their friends , in order to pick up a few pence , or obtain a snpply of tobacco , auiiff , » pd other tri&iug things that add real value to life ; while in the uastile none of these things are permitted ; the belly-griping gruel , the pork-water , and the bread and cheese dietary , are all that the paupers have allowed them , and if these fail to support life , they must mako up their minds to inhabit a premature grave . Down , we say , with the Commissioners ; and modify the accursed provisions of the Poor Law . — Weekly Dispatch .

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      COURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH . —Wepnesday . Mr . Moxon , the publisher in Dover-street , was indicted for publishing a blasphemous libel in a recent edition of the poetical works of Shelley . The case was tried by Lord Denman before a Special Jury . Three passages from Queen Mab were Bet out in the indictment . Sergeant Talfourd , for the defence , argued that the passages objected to made not more than the three hundredth part of a work of twenty thousand lines , and would give not only an imperfect but a wrong impression of the whole . The book was a history of the stages which a great mind had gone through , in its gradual devt'lopement ; and it would only be sought by ' persons likely to appreciate the combination of the several parts with

      each other , and the tendency of the entire composition . In many passages of Paradise Lost , Satan was made to utter sublime defiances of Almighty power . Indeed , the publishers of the works of Milton , Gibson , Byron , Rousseau , and Shakspeare himself might as well be prosecuted as the publisher of the present poem . Lord Denman said , that he and the Jury were , however , bound to proceed on the law as handed down from all time—that the publisher of a blasphemous libol was clearly punishable , if he was guilty Of doing bo with the knowledge of its character , whrch made a part of the offence . The motives of the publisher were beside the question ; for he was responsible for the direct consequence of the publication itself ' .

      There could be no doubt that , in the passages , quoted , an intention was shown to cast reproach and insult on the Christian God . Such an intention , however , in mere passages was insufficient , if the work contained a genuine condemnation of it in the context . They would , therefore , consider the tendency of the whole , and judge if it were correctly described by the term 3 used to bring it within the criminal law . It was certiinly true , as remarked for the defence , that this extraordinary poem was composed by a youth of eighteen , and that in many places it contradicted itself ; but that could not prevent it from being mischievous and offensive , or from producing injurious effects on society . It might also be true that the author ' s latter works would qualify the effects of his earlier works ; but still they would not thence be justified in acquitting the publisher oi

      Untitled Article

      the passages now prosecuted . Any writer of an author ' s life was allowed to state that he had once entertained opinions such as these ; or even toespress them in the author ' s own words . Whether this was Buch a case as that , they would now decide . He himself thought that it was better to subvert such sentiments by reason and argument than to suppress them by the prosecution of their authors . The Jury found the defendant guilty . There wore two other cases , that of the Queen v Frasor , and the Queen » . Otley , in which the defendants were charged with the sale of the work in question ; bat they were not pressed , and a verdict of " Not Guilty" was given to each .

      Untitled Article

      get cheap food , get cheap land to produce it . Tau , before you reduce the price of labour , reduce fixed incomes , debt , and salaries of public offices ; and befure you reduce the price of produce , reduce tli © price of land . TOM , I am for Free Trade all over theworld ; but , Tom , you may as well think of running * race against me with one of yonr legs tied np , as think of having a Free Trade with nations more free by teing less taxed than yourselves . Ireland , though nomii . ally not taxed , is situated as regards taxation and

      commerce consequent upoa taxation , precisely the same as England . Tom , I undertake to prove my position against all the humbuga in the world I Always bear in mind that " cheap" and " dear" are relative terms ; and that when cloth is cheapest you find it hardest to get ; so when bread is cheapest tbe labourer may find it hardest to . get . And O ! it is a sore and a cou& thing for a poor crapthur to stand with his teethwatering , grinning through the windy at the big Russian loaf without a penny in bis pocket to buy even a siicft of it I

      Now , Tom , you must understand all about the men who want chead bread to feed their poor slaves ; and in order thatyeu may perfectlyanderstand their motive * and humanity , I submit to you the following , evidence taken on oath before a Committee of tbe House of Commons , as to the tender mercies of cheap-bread gentry . And , mark , the evidence is from their own overseers or overlookers on oath . Bear in mind that the master meat implicated by that evidence , front being himself a camnion working boy , has made nearly two millions of money -cut of the labour of those he has used so badly : and yet he is not satisfied ! Having drunk deep of English infant blood , he would now tap the blushing veins of Ireland , and thus make her iace as pale as he and his murderous associates have made the face of Britain . Here follows the evidence of the witnesses : —

      Mark Be 3 t said —•• 1 am about fifty-six years old . I have been engaged as overlooker in the flax mill of Mr . Marshall . The regular hours of work are , from six to seven . When they are throng , ' from five to nine at night ! They only allow forty minutes for dinzserl No time is allowed for breakfast or ' drinking ! ' The children put the food on one side , and eat it as they can . Sometimes , when their work is bad , they ate prevented getting it at all ;—they have then tu take it home again . Sometimes it is so dirtied , that it is rendered unfit to eat The dust flies about till they can scarcely see e * ch other l Jn the card-rooms the refuse hangs about their luoutbs , while they r . r

      beat the boys and girls with a strap , t « make them look sharp . When they are fatigued and tired , they are obliged to use them worse , to make them keep up I The masters know very -well that the children are thus beaten and strapped ; they encourage the overlookers to do it ! The straps are about one foot and a half long , and there is a stick at the end of some of them ; and the end of the strap , which they beat them with , is cut or slit into five or six thongs . They are regularly made for tbe purpose !' - Unless they are driven and flogged up , they cannot gtst the quantity of work they want from them . . They are fined as well as beaten . They are fined for speakingto one another!—for combiBg their hair l—foe washing themselves /—or cleaning their shoes!—or doing any thing , so as to go home decent at

      night ! They are not allowed to do any such thing , if the work was going on ever so well . Profound silence is enjoined ! The children were exceedingly fatigued . The usual hours of labour are too long for children to bear . Whtn they go home , if they get set down before the fire , they are asleep in a few minutes . The fine spinning roonis ate veiy much heated , and full of steam . Id winter , the clothes of those ^ ho live at a distance , will be frozen to their backs , aud quite stiff before they get home . I have knows tbe period of long labour from five to nine continue for five , or six months together ! "When the children are at home in consequence of illness from overworking and long hours , the master neither pays their wages nor for the doctor I When any visitow are coming to look over

      the works , they used generally to come round , half an hour before , and tell us to cease , and get our machines clean and tidy against the time ! There was no strapping or cruelty going oh when the visitors were there . " Samuel Downe , of Hunslet Carr , near Leeds , said" 1 am twenty-nine , years of age . I am a native of Shrewsbury . I was about ten years old when I began to work at Mr . . Marshall ' s mill , at Shrewsbury . When we were brisk , we used gentrally to begin at five in the morning , and run till eight at ni ^ ht I The engine never stopped , except forty mi&utea at dinner time ! These long hours were very fatiguing . The children were kept awake by a blow or a box ! Very considerable severity was used in that mill ! I was Btrapped most severely , till I could not bear to sit upon a chair with *

      out having pillows : -and I was forced to lie upon my face in bed at one time ! and through that I left 1 was strapped on my legs , and then I was put upon a man ' s back and strapped . ' aud then I was strapped and buckled with two straps to an iron pillar and flogged ! I After that , the overlooker took a piece of tow , and twisted it in the shape of a cord , and put it in my mouth , and tied it behind my head t He thus gagged me , and then he ordered me to run round a part of the machinery , and he . ataod at one end , and every time I came round , he struck me with a stiok , which I believe was as ash-plant , and which he generally carried in his hand , till one of the men in the room came and begged

      me off !!! At one time I was beaten so that i had not the power to cry at all ! I 1 was then between ten and eleven years old . ' It was winter time , and we worked by gas-light , and I could not catch the revolutions of the machinery to take the tow out of the hackles ; it requires some little « cperienc 6 j and I was timid at it , aud pricked my fingers very much with the hackles . I cannot assign any other reason for it ! He was not discharged from the mill . We were never allowed t » sit ! We were not allowed to talk!—not at all , by no means I If this man heard us , he came to us with his stick ' . Young women were beaten as well as young mfcB . ' !"

      Jonathan Downe said— " I reside in Leeds . I am twenty-five years old . I first went to work at Mr . Marshall ' s mill when . I was seven years old . Very severe methods were adopted , in order to compel us te work their long hours . I have Been boyB knocked down with a strap : they have been called from their work flogged , and then- kupeked down on tbe floor ; and when they have been on the floor , they have been beaten till they have risen , and wheu they have risen , they have been flogged to their work again ! That was very common ! I know many who have been bound te pillars , and then flogged—it is quite common to do so ( Females were also chastised . ' No means were taken to remove the overlooker who inflicted such extreme chastisement ! If we had cam plained to Mr . Marshall .

      we should have been discharged ; and whatever hand was turned away from-Mr . Marshall ' s , Mr . Benyon would not employ ; and Whatever hand was turned away from Mr . Benyon ' a , Mr . Marshall would not employ ; and these were the only two mills in Shrewsbury . I have known a mother of two children in Mr . Marshall's employment at Shrewsbury knocked down by the overlooker ! Horseman , the manager , will go to the overlookers , and if they have not done something severe , he will say , ' I have never heard of your doing anything—you have never quarrelled with ariy of the hands ; do something , that f may hear of it , and I will stand your friend ! ' It is the usual practice to prepare mills previous to their being inspected by strangers It ia a frequent thing st Mr . Marshall ' s mill , where the

      least children are employed , ( there are plenty working at six years of age !) . provided a child should be drowsy , the overseer walks round the room , with a stick in his hand , and he touches that child on the shoulder , and says' Come here . ' In the corner of the room , there is an iron cistern—it is filled with water ; he takes this bo ; up by the legs , and dips him overhead in the cistern , and sena . 8 him to his work for the remainder of the day ! and that boy is to stand , dripping as he is , at his work ! be has no chance of drying himself 1 That is the punishment for drowsiness!—for other offences there is a stool fixed up to the end of the room ; the boy who offends is put to stand on this stool , sometimes on both legs , and sometimes on one of his legs , with the other up , and he has a lever to bear in his hands , raised and stretched over bis head and there he has to stand fox ten , or fifteen , or thirty minutes , just as the overlooker

      chooses ; and , provided he should lower his arms ( and it is a great weight to bear for a quarter of an hour ) , I Uaave seen the overlooker go on and say , ' Hold up !* s 5 < f sometimes the boy will try te hold itnp , ami yet not have strength to raisie it , ani the overlooker cuts him with bis stick until he does actually get it up ; and the tears will run down his face when be is there staading ! I have seen this done there frequently—it is the regular practice ! We have a vast number of cripples . . Some are crippled from loosing their limbs—many from standing too long . It first begins with a pain in the ancle ; after that , they will ask the overlooker to let them sit dewn—but they must not . Then they begin to be "weak in tbe knee—then knock-knee'd—after that their feet turn out—they become spiny . footed , and their ancles swell as big as my flit . I know many deformed in the way described . " , .

      Now , Tom , hold yoor arm to be bled if you wish t bat if you are the weaker for the operation , or bled to death , I shall be no party to th& murder 1 Tom , you will be told that this is paid for by Tory gold . Tom , hear me ! There is no use in telling you to the . contrary , because you would ' nt believe your priest that money could bribe Feargua O'Connor ; bat , Tom , others may believe it , » o bear me . I sm now in the presence of my Go * and your Odd ; snd I hope , Tom , that this moment might be my last , if I Lavs ever in » U my life , directly or indirectly , accepted one fraction of a farthing from « ny maa , or body of men , for any political sot daring the whole of life , —not erea where I vu entitled to it ; and I new will , so help me God ! A ¦ Tout , I bare printed this at my own expense ; and if it serves you and your friends , my friends , andtbo friends of Ireland , I am more than repaid ! I am , Tow , ¦ ¦ Yoar faithful and uncompromising Friend and Countryman , F * AEGca O'Connor . In the fourteenth month of solitary confinement , in a condemned cell , in York Castle , because money could not buy me , persuasion induce me , or threat intimidate me from the advocacy' of the cause of the Poor Oppresssed against the Rich Oppressor ! Hurrah for liberty ! and bo humbug , Tom

      I Ificid An& General 3snt*I%*Tttt. ^

      I ificid an& General 3 Snt * I % * tttt . ^

      O'Connor On The Free Trade Question.

      O'CONNOR ON THE FREE TRADE QUESTION .

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      TO MR . THOMAS CRONE , ( OF MANCH , ) FARMER AND INDEPENDENT ELECTOR OF THE COUNTY OF CORK . My Dear Tom , —I have published an address , or rather , a caution to my brave Frieze coated soldiers I send 540 copies te 700 for circulation . I send them to you because yon are a honest man , a wise man , and a good man . Now Tom , here goes to make , the whole subject as plain to you as the nose on your face ; and , Tom , you have a long one . Tom , you have the best landlord in Ireland ; he is also the best magistrate , the best

      grandjuror , tbo best Blaster , the best rich man ' s friend , and the best poor man ' s friend . Though he is my first cousin , I but do him justice in saying this . In the aggregate he has no equal . You have also , as a spiritual adviser , the Rev . Mr . Doheney , than whom a more faithful , pious , zealous , and affectionate pastor breathes not . I have always had great confidence in him ; and that confidence has been much increased by the fact of my sister , who lately died a Catholic , having left every farthing she was worth in the world iu trust to him , for the benefit of his flock , to be administered by him as a faithful shepherd .

      But , Tom , yonr landlord is " a hell of a Whig , " a great supporter of what he considers Whig principles : and should he ask you to support the Government candidates because he is a Whig , which , however , he will not do , as he never interferes with his tenants ' f otes ; but his paity being hard pressed , pheuld he , now , attempt to do so , say to him : — " Sir , is not my vote to have some effect ? and is not that effect to be the cheapening of the produce of the land for which I pay you , under existing circumstances , a certain rent ? " Tom , don't forget " existing a < ciwnslances" upon any account . ' /! Then say : — " If j ou agree to take the average of the last seven years' price of wheat , and suppose it to be thirty shillings a bag , and suppose my rent to be one pound , will you , if the existing circumstances are altered , ( put * existing circumstances' in again ); will you , if the existing circumstances are altered ,

      agree to take rent on account , for the next ; seven years , till we can atvike a balance , and agree upon terms and rent * and if wheat is reduced to nfteen shillings a bag by the then ' existing circumstances , ' will you let me have my land aa before for two-thirds of the price , that is , ten shillings ? If you do , I will vote for the moonshitte . " Then go to the Rev . Mr . Doheney , and say unto him : — " Sir , for the last twenty years I have cheerfully given you so much a year for religious consolation , and other services which you have performed for rae and my family , but henceforth , although you have earned it hardly , I can only afford to give you one half that amount , bnt yet you must not relax in your duty . " And then if you owe any debt upon bond or note , go and ask the parson to whom you ewe it , "if he will take half : " but be snre if any one owes you anything , go at once , under existing circumstances , and get it ail ! Mind that , Tom J

      Now , Tom , thus make those parties who would use any influence over your vote , parties with equal interest as yourself in the result Now , Tom , observe . Let me , as there is only a step between the ridiculous and the sublime , just take both extremes , and have a word . Which , then , do you think it would be best for you to pay twenty shillings per acre , and get thirty shillings a bag for wheat : or to pay ten shillings per acre and get fifteen shillings a bag ? Now I will show jou that it would be better to pay twenty shillings , and get thirty shillings a bag ; than to pny ten shillings and get even twenty shillings

      a bag . First then at twenty shillings . From an acre you will have six bags of wheat : that would produce nine pounds at thirty shillings a bag ; that is eight pounds more than the rent If you pay ten shillings per acre , and have six bags at one pound a bag , that will leave you only five pound ten shillings over the rent ; and if you i-aid twenty shillings an acre you would be mueh more likely to have six bags from it , than if you paid but ten shillings ; and for this reason : you would prepare your ground better , by expending more in labour and upon manure , for you would have mere to expend .

      The same rule that thus applies to wheat , applies equally to all other articles of production , and consumption , and value ; to butter , beef , and pork ; to cloth , calico , and leather ; to gold , silver , and brass . Wheat is the standard which regulates the value of all . Now , Tom , suppose you got five pounds a bag for your wheat ; must it not ruin every single operative now out ef work in England , and for whose advantage the masters wish to reduce wheat to ten shillings a bag ? No , Tom ; no such thing . 11 wonld oa the contrary , as if by magic , set every unemployed operative in England to full work ; and here is the other extreme . If vou got five pounds a bag , and paid three pounds rent ,

      what would be your first step ? Why , to kill a few more pigs ; to buy a few more coats , and breeches , and hats , and shoes , and gowns , and shirts , and shifts , and stockings , and a bit of furniture , and delf , and knives and forks ; and also a new saddle and bridle , and pillion , for the Stasjgeen , to take yourself and Norah to mass ; and to make Tommeen , aud Shauneen , and Norreen , and Judten , all the more neat , and clean , and decent ; and get a book or two also , Tom , into the bargain . And , Tom , all your land would be cultivated to the highest , and Jack Brickley would begin to look for more wagea , and he and his wife get a " new shoot , " ( suit . ) But , by Jove ! Tom , if Jack is put out of work he'll have another sort of SHOOT !

      Well , now , how would that affect the Irish artisans , mechanic , operatives , tradesmen , and shopkeepers ? Why , Tom , it would make them as saucy as ginUemen ; and instead of having only a smell of the cheap loaf going to the rich man's table , they'd havo the dear one in toast , buttered on bath sides , Tom . Well , and the English operatives ? Why , Tom , inasmuch as it would be better for you to have high prices and high rents than low prices and low rents , so would it be better for the English operatives to see their produce sold for one shilling a yard , instead of twopence ; and for this reason : when it is over cheap it is a drug in the market-, but when it iB dear , it becomes not less a necessary te the rich , and more easily obtained by the very men who produce it When

      potatoes are two-pence for twenty-three pounds , the Irish are always starving , while the potatoes are rutting ; and now , while ever ^ article of English manufacture is lower than ever , the very people who produce all , are lying without sheets or blankets , walking almost half-naked , while they are obliged to look upon warehouses full of their manufactures ; they are indeed actually starving ! Now , Tom , 1 contend for it , that dear wheat — ( always understand me as arguing under the " existing circumstances" )—is the only thing to make dear doth , dear calico , dear shoes , dear hats , dear fenders , pots , and fire-irons ; while at the same time it allows those who cannot now afford to boy the same articles at a drog price , the means of buying them at a fancy price . Tom , such a state of things would bring evsry Irishman from America , France ; and England , and raise their wages at home ! while it would take them from tbe English reserve , and raise English wages also , by sending hundreds of

      thousands upon increased wages to the land , to railways , and to a thousand other works ; and then we should be working for the full home market , and ending the redundancy at increased prices abroad : and tien the gentlemen would be obliged to come home also ; things would rise on the Continent , as our high prices , would give increased value to every article of luxury aid even necessaries there also . Now , Torn , I undertake to prpre that dear labour in England-, under existing circumslanus , is the only lock Upon the uneven Canal by which the level can be preserved , between England with her heavy debt , expensive government aud tribe of pensioners , and other countries owing ho money , and having less expensive Governments to uphold . I am for Free Trade all over the world , but I am for first breaking down all the expensive locks upon the canal , tbromgn which all produce has to pass ; and when it ceases to make labour to pay toll , then will I give my consent te produce going toll free . TOM , before you

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      The following letter from Mr . O'Connor to Mr Thomas Crone , one of the ftieza coat electors of the County of Cork , is appended to the address of Mr . O'Connor to the frieze , coat electors and non-elector a upon the great question now at issue . It will be read with deep attention , as coming from one who appears to understand most minutely the several interests of the belligerent parties . Mr . O'Connor has addressed a series of letters to the landlords

      of Ireland , for the first of which we regret we cannot this week find space . Those letters speak a warning to the Lords of the soil , and will , we doubt not , rouse the sleeping energies of those drowsy gentlemen . The first shall appear in our nest , and when all are before the public , they will be judged of according to their merit as a whole . The address of Mr . O'Connor , including the letter to Thos . Crone , has been , as appears by an advertisement inserted elsewhere , printed very beautifully upon a single sheet , by our publisher , Mr . Hobson , and we commend it to the serious perusal of all , but especially te tho Irish Catholic 3 resident in England .

      Untitled Article

      I . THE NORTH E R JC S T A-B . ~~ := M ^ ^ ' ¦¦¦ ' ¦ ¦ ' ; ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ! ¦ 1 ¦¦ iiwjji . ii ¦ ' ¦ rr-mr ^ A

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), July 3, 1841, page unpag, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct386/page/3/