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Northern Star (1837-1852), 27th February 1841, Edition 2 of 3, Page 7, Untitled Article

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      Untitled Article

      n-COXyOK . I >* COXTDHJATION , TPON THE orESTlOXS OF EXPEDIENCY—JRANSFER—^^ PROMISE-POLITICAL TRAFFIC , AND COJIPEN'SATIOK . V 7 Feie > "DS , — I come fresh to the consideration of ^ ffee last terms . To compromise means , literally , IT , djTat * compact upon msfitai eonMBMons , to , —ord , to agree ; and compact means a contract , or agreement

      In considering thi * term , ¦ fiauj ' , as a verb , to com-^^ let us see how we have been dealt -with by our Viators , who wae appointed la 1832 , to adjust oar -nse , according to compact . Here , then , I must use ** je -word in that sense in -which it conveys a charge j treachery * foal play , and deceit If you wish to rite tie fullest possible notion of the deceit or betrayal . , person , or parties , in whom you hare reposed eonfidfl * £ *> * B <* * ° w ^ om y ° u QiT 6 submitted your case , jj jfbitntors , yon say they haTe compromised you , Qj * is , * $ & deceived , betrayed you . If a member

      -g * s up Bid speaks against his party , yon say he has ^ promiod his party . If an attorney sells his client , fl or deceives him , the client says , his attorney ^ promised him- If ow , then , such is precisely our ^ g , We entered into a compact with the Whigi in liSS ; ¦*¦« returned our arbitrators to adjust our contract vita them ; and , instead of acting openly , fairly , and konounbly , the ? frightened the nation out of its propriety , and even out of its wits , by commencing with tfce Irish Coercion Bill , instead of defining our compact ; and -when they had thus , by a grand stroke of policy , diverted public attention from a consideration of the Befonn BiU , they ewrproinised us , by entering into % fresh contract with our inveterate enemies , ^ do all the dirty work , which the Tories dare net

      tStenjpt , but would Eke to see done . They said , " we'll gsrre tie P « * ^ ° '> "" ' ' 11 coerce Ireland for you ; tte'H eiop repeal for you ; -we'll give you rural police jaree , and all other force you want ; we'll jive yonr jpecds compeEsation to double the amount of every pjjad we taie fiom them under the mask of reform ,-re'U iUo * all yoar friends to remain in office ; in short , ve are satisfied to role upon ultra Tory principles , and txss . to go farther , for , besides preserving the balance of po » a abroad , we will save you from your poor at k erns . " Well , they have been as good as taeii -word : they bive established precedents in eight years , which , 2 Bscppased , would justify the Teriest despotism jjuathsy haTe , instead of compromising according to - jonpMt , compromised us according to their definition d ope&ericj .

      Jio * see what latitude individuals claim for the exer cise ef that Tery power , the right of which they deny to others . They say that Sir James Graham comprojcised his party ; that Lord Stanley compromised his putj ; and , more recently , they teJl you that Lord Hwci and Charles Wood compromised their party ; bat yon neTer hear of the whole bunch of Whigs baricg compromised the whole cause of the people . 0 ! no ; that ' s not for them to tell ; that's left for me to teUst the eipence of seventy-eight weeks solitary aoiijinfcinent .

      y « w , suppose the Convention had compromised the people ; suppose I had compromised thesa , upon any of jej three trials , for my personal safety ; what word would you have used to convey the strongest political aenscre and moral turpitude ? Would you not say that re bad compromised you ? Well , suppose I -was to efcange places now , and tell the people that they have eampraaised every poor fellow who is spending his weary hours in WakeSeld and other hells , for having relied upon the ten thousand and one resolutions which were ptssad , of standing hy the leaders—suppose that I was to tell you that—what would you say ?

      ScppotH I was to point to the miserable subscriptions , coming in for the support of wives and famiii ** , dear to them cs yours are to you , when a hundred fold tbeamesnt should pen in—Wb&t would yon say to that ? Why , I don't know what yon would say , for here now , Parliament is within twelve days of meeting ; in a short time most of . he poor fellows will have been entombed for twelve months , and many of them more , and 1 dont find that all those hands which were so freely held up at public meetings , have been as freely pa ; to petitions for their release , while I tell you that one day devoted by the working classes , nay , one hour , to the signature of petitions , would procure , all over

      the country , over two millions , which must make such a noise as no Ministry esnii resist Bat for petitions ot this nature , there is no use in them if merely signed by a /•}>« Trm » n opon behalf of the meeting ; they should be signed by each person . Addresses to tUe Throae , may be signed by chairmen of the meetings , as the object is to lay ice thoughts of the people before the Monarch , bst petitions should be signed individually , as nothing but numbers has any effect upon the Boose of Coaunons . Indeed , they should drop in gTtry night ; tha whole time allowed fer presenting petitions , ihould be taken np with those on behalf of the political prisoners—the Charter—and against the Poor Laws .

      So such foi compromise , and now for political ta £ c The Rdorai BQ 1 professed to destroy all political tnfic , but Ministers fndin ; it impossible to uphold * o rKtej and corrupt a system , without an equally corrupt system of representation , very soon found that retail Sa £ j must be supplied bj wholesale purchase . Well , now , observe and follo-w me calmly , while 1 drvw from the shades of my unfortunate , but yet beloTcd , tlavc-land , a picture so plain that any man sort Ear -ti 3 true , and

      "Pit 7 ^ s , tis trne . " I ^ taa 35 S 3 to 2 535 we knocked up the Greyadministetioa , the Melbourne administration , and the Peel i&Eiaistettion . in i § s 5 the Wc 5 gs began to got tired of ihos ; uncertain qaarttr-days , and they began to tack about OCcnnell had given them" a taste of -what i « could do with his supporters . Lord Xirmanby was appointed to the government ef Ireland , and Lord I > meaimoi ! was Home Secretary . Mr . O'Connell a 4-tessed a series of letters to Lord X > uncannon , in which be aid , in words as plain as hvnesiy would admit of , " fi are for sale , but our conditions are plaees and Ptomage . " " Well , what was the result ? Why , we forad Irish barristers returned for Irish boroughs , who bid never done one day ' s service , and , like hacks in tt * ride , just trotted out to qualify for situations .

      Siaee 1835 , there have been made from Irish Liberal Hanbers—Sir Michael O'Loughlin , Master of the Rolls ; Mr . Woulfe , Chief Baron of the Exchequer ; Mr . Perrin , Puisne Judge ; Mr . Ball , ditto ; Mr . Fitoimon , on-b-law to Mr . O'Connell , M . P . for the county of Dublin , appointed to a patent place ; Mr . Morgan OXoaneU , ditto ; Mr . Finn , brother-in-law to Mr . O'Conaell , M . P . for the eounty of Kilkenny , I know art what , or if to any place , but a better man could wtbe appointed ; Mr . ODwyer , and several others .

      P «* e have left , while in the House we find Mr . *«* . Mr . More O'Perrall , Mr . Wyse , and Mr . Lynch ; ^ o add to these Parliamentary pensioners an immense ^ ria ? of assistant barristers , police-cfflcers , magistrate ! , "waisoonen , and God knows what . However , in i * than four years , that is pretty good picking . And ^* I may be asked if I object to the men appointed ? * J answer is , deddadly not ; but I do object to the jTSiem of polities ! traffic , in virtue of which they have * appointed .

      1 do object to see men , who -were returned in 1832 * 5 « a the most Radical and extreme principles , now T ° aag for £ TCT 7 ^ ^ i tQt Byfa 7 ^ oppTesslony ** 1 every money job ; -while we hear not a breath of ~* freat and necessary measures which they pledged "pelves to rapport , and which they pledged them-« J « to stand by , even to the death . I do s » y that in « nd ha » paid too dear for her whistle , by being •"" P-onused smd made s mere substitute for retail T *« ption , fcy her representatives' wholesale support «« 7 adHdniBtration ; and , in this one bet , the country " / f P ^ aenUy begin to find the simple truth of our l ^^ at itgnaed and Impoveriahed condition . I-ord what Pitt

      ^^ Melbourne hope to do could idth ^^ * mtteh leM ° PPreMiTe debt ? Pitt ttat all the money in the trearary -would be too ~*» » r the Irish patriot * in the House of Commons , « a they - » ere made saleable by getting power in *• * M therefore it was necemry to mix up the Sher ^ T 55 S mOre ' lrh 0 Would " runp them ' ker owT ^ lWd * " ° Dce 80 ld by the comjptioD at ^ jn parliam ent ; and now Eng land and Ire land Batr , ™ ^ ^ ^ 7 ** leaTen of ^ "fonned rnmp of «» « " rotten and corrupted body . had the

      * , - j ^ J ^ e three patriots in House since tha j ^ -g or the Reform BiU- Sharman Crawford , CoL * M Mr . Finn . Crawford and Finn have been

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      g » t rid of , and Col . Butler is complained of , and will be got rid of , beo&use he asked for & bit of the hash when it * m going , —and " small blame to him , " as we say in Ireland There are many honourable , honest , conscientious , Irish members in the House , hut they were not forward enough for public opinion in 1 ES 3 ; no-w they are almost too Radical . They are—Mr . Evans , M . P . forconnty of I > ubUn , CoL Butlet , M . P . for county Kilkenny , Sir Montagu Chapman , M . P . for county ofWestmeath ; SirD . O'Korreys , M . P . for Mallow ; Lord Clements , M . P . for the County of Lei trim ; JAx . Walker , M . P . for Wexford ; Mr . Wyie , M . P . ' for Watezford ; Mr . Stuart , M . P . for County of Waterford ;

      Mr . Callaghan , M . P . for Cork ; and I fear the ta ! eis told ; but let it be observed , that instead » f those gentlemen who support Mr . O'Connell having been won over to his principles , he his left the Radical principle and gone over to them . In fact , his history is this : he found that the electors would not have his humbugging nonsense any longer , and , instead of making a party , he actually put himself at the head of a party already formed , and , by degrees , compromised the ultra principle wherever he could , in order to persuade the people that he had no support now to carry those extreme measures—the fact being ,- that he kicked all independent support from under himself , lest it should expose him .

      Is it not farcical to hear the English people daily abused , and their manly resolution not to join in political traffic made a jest for a set of place-hunting scamps , wha meet at the Orn Exchange , to share the remnant of poor , poor Ireland's liberty among them ? A common observer must be at a loss to know what Mr . O'Connell means by eternally telling the Irish people that the English people are their bitterest enemies . The legitimate inference must be that he wishes to spirit Ireland up to a vast amount of seilreliance , for self-action , but the real meaniDg is this : — He finds that he cannot much longer withhold the fact from the Irish people , that those

      on the spot , and who have "well -watched him , have denounced him , and despise him , and be wishes to p&lm the effect for the cause upon the poor Irish who never see a newspaper , and are in the habit of taking his -word for everything' . But , presently the note "mil be changed thus : — "O ! yes they hate me , and -why do they hate me ? They hate because I Jove Ireland . They hate my religion—they hat * my country . " While the fact is , the English people love Ireland just as well , and much better , than the liberal Irish members love her : and as to his religion , the English people ¦ woald ' nt care three straws if he was & conscientious Musselnian , provided he was an honest

      man . Again , as regards reciprocity , what is the real fact 7 Why that O'Connell and his tail have , upon every occasion , voted against the interests of the English people . But thanks to that great Omnipotent and all-wise Being , who makes the poor and unprotected the especial objects of his grace , He has raised up a host of strength upon the side of the widow , the orphan , the desolate , the destitute and oppressed , which neither the devil , nor bold bad man can intimidate or subdue . Tea , thanks be to

      God , in sincerity and not in mockery , he has raised unto us a host of knowledge , as a rampart round the rights of the poor , at which cannon in vain may be fired , and which neither sward dot sharp instrument can pierce . When the rich robbed the poor of God's bequest , acd when they transferred their guardianship to the protection of the cruel and the heartless , then did he in his wisdom , increase man ' s power of redemption , by flooding the land with an verwhelming stream of knowledge , before which the banks of ignorance must fall a * leaves before the storm .

      What , then , will be the end of the Irish juggle ? my readers may ast Why , npon our part we » eek for the Charter tj end it , and all other joggles at once ; bat upon the part of the spirited of all daises of English , Scotch , and Irish , the attempt which they will make , will be to get rid of this insatiabl * maw ; this all-devouxing crow of gormandizing patriot * , by associating themselves together for that purpose . Ton will mark my words , that whether it comes before or after dissolution , a union will come which will stop these marauding politicians . You will see Whigs and Tories laying aside all their differences .

      major and minor , to get riii of the pestilence ; and who can blame them ? Is it not too preposterous and ridiculous to see a fine country made mere debateable ground as to who shall be judge , and wh # skill be xfnnt .-i . nt barristers T— who shall be thief-catcher and who shall be thief-magistrate ? who shall be this , who shall be that , and who shall be the other thing ? while nearly all these things are new snuggeries made out of the taxes to uphold the system of wholesale political traffic ; and

      yet we find it sufficiently efficacious to keep an administration in office , who are in a glorious minority in the Lords—playing sway-pole in the Commons—detested by the whole people , and despised by their former adherents , while they keep never minding so long as they are there on the quarter-day . Their tune ia—Here we are , " no , " ' no , " " to ;" Here we are , " aye , " " aye , " " aye ;" And here we go backwards and forwards , And into John Bull ' s treasury .

      I think I have now shown you that wholesale profligacy has been substituted for retail political traffic , and , no doubt , you have often marvelled at 31 r . O'Coduell's patriotism , and his greit anxiety to keep the Irish members united , honest , and up to the scratch ; bat yon mast bear in mind , that ho works the pooi derils to death , for his own especial benefit , and then , if one of-them asks for a share of the mess , he is denounced as a traitor . Again , I ask any man to show me one liberal act for which O'Connell and the Irish liberal members have voted ; or show me a jub in -which t ' ue whole party have not been mustered upon the treasury side .

      These are fact ' s , stubborn things , and fcicts which the absurd balderdash of " O , glory be to God ! I carried emancipation without bloodshed , " and " Ireland is my client , " and '' I dream of her broad land and her rippling streams , her cloud capped hills and fertile valleys , and my heart bounds as I see the wave that conies unbroken from the coast of Labrador , till it breaks at the foot of my native mountains , " cannot conceal . All this ia humbug ; and the greater , because with all these blessings , and with such a force as from forty to fifty Irish members called liberal , her inhabitants are the veriest slaves , the most oppressed people , and the greatest serfs , npon the face of the earth .

      If I had twenty Members in the House of Commons at my back , I would snap administration after administration , till justice were done , not only to my native land but to all society , over which Parliament had controul . 11 Hnrrab for the Queen , three cheers for Lord Waterford as a goed sportsman , and God blees Professor Butt , " may do for a bit , but not much longer . I do not think that it would require much logic , or many

      words to prove , to any child of twelve years of age and sound mind , that every Chartist prisoner is a victim to this wholesale political traffic , and for this reason—the object was to crush and destroy every agitation , save that which gave strength to the ruling faction , and had for it * object , " Keep the Tories out . " But thanks , eternal thanks , to the well-marshalied ChartisU ; they have kept the Whigs at bay , and have put an extinguisher upon all humbug agitation . Oar day will soon cone , and it « h * n not be marked by blood or vengeance .

      Bo much for political traffic ; and now I come to the question of compensation . [ Here we must break Mi . O'Connor ' s letter in two , as the whole would be more than our space would legitimately admit of- — £ & 0

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      TO HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY THE QUEEN . Madam , —The last function which devolves npon a Government , which exist * sot for the perwnal advantage or aggrandisement of iti members , bat for the real interests of society , ' is that of providing for the important work of individual and national reformation . This , perhaps the most deeply important of all the functions of those invested with authority , in the body social and politic , naturally divides itself into two branches , namely , those eflbrts which should be directed . to individual , and those which should extend to national , reforms . It is to the former of these branches that I shall confine my present attention .

      We have seen that two prolific sources of crime are constitutional defects and imperfect education ; and we lrill consider the part of our subject now immediately

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      ,,, ¦ _ — , . ' M - , / ¦ ¦ before as , in reference \ o 'these two subjects . The duty of the Government in clearly two-fold ; to reform , as far as possible , the already criminal population , and to prevent the accession of new victims to its ranks . ' For the first of these ends , two things are requireda vigilant system of police , to ensure the detection and conviction of offender *—and which , with all our pretended improvements ,-1 submit we haTe not—and such a system of criminal jurisprudence , as sbatt inflict merited punishment , duly and etrictly appropriated to every crime , and at the same time so

      framed , and administered as to convince the poor deluded wanderer from the paths of rectitude , that he u still regarded as a man ; and that « very privation , to which he is subjected , as the consequence of his offence , is designed , if he will but co-operate with that design , to en&ble him to regain his forfeited place and character in society . Te this end , the whole system of prison discipline , and the laws on which that discipline is founded , must be changed , and a classification of crime , very different from any which we possess at present , most be introduced .

      "The law must . be satisfied ; " "the vengeanoe of the injured law ; " " the vigorous demands of offended justice ; " * & , he , maybe very fine expressions ; they may aerre to tickle the ear , and to gtre an elegant sound to a well-turned period , but they breathe , little of the spirit of our holy religion , and are bat ill calculated to lead to proper feelings towards those who , be they what they may , are still the children of Him who respects not persons , and who is " long-suffering , " even to the most rebellious . It will be my principal duty to demonstrate that our present system of prison discipline is not possessed of one single ingredient calculated to reform and restore the criminal ; that , on the contrary , it ia of a character only to deaden the lee ' / iags , -and io brntalise the soul . We have . Madam ,

      ;* nd I grieve to say it , tinder the rule of a female Sovereign , is the nineteenth century , ^ a system of penal discipline more in accordance with the spirit of a Draco or a Nero , than that of the benevolent faith to which , in irord , we pretend so much attachment . We find men with their reason perverted , and we send them from our prison-houses with the moral sense entirely destroyed ; in fact , it seems as if we had a mind to make our prisons as much like the infernal regions as possible , and their unfortunate inmates like demons , that they may come forth to blast and destroy , with their pestilential influence , all that is in itself peaceable , praiseworthy , and excellent ; and spread a moral death and desolation throughout the length and breadth of the land .

      The second point to be attended to by a good and patriotic government , is the prevention of accession to the ranks of the criminal population . And the great and only efficient means for accomplishing this , ( in conjunction with such an arrangement of the state of society as shall bring all its institutions into an accordance with the genuine spirit of Christianity , of which we shall speak by and by , ) fs the assiduous and careful training of the young , in such habits and principles as shall lead them duly to appreciate , and constantly to practice , the golden rule , " Whatever you would thst men should do to you , do you even so to them . " I do not mean that the young

      should be instructed in points of faith , and maxims of discipline ; this would not , in my opinion , be worth the name of a Christian education . No , Madam , what I mean is , that the whole population , from the Princess Royal down to the little one born , the other day , at the door of a parish workhouse , ( into which the inhuman wretch , miscalled a relieving officer , refused the mother admittance , in that hour of Dature ' s keenest anguish , ) should be taught their reciprocal rights and duties ; based upon the only sure foundation , universal equality and mutual dependance . I know this may be Btrange doctrint to a royal ear ; but the question is

      not about it * being strange , but about its being true . I do not mean by universal equalfty , the reducing ef all persons to one level , in reference to property , wealth , rank , # r station ; in the present state of society , that is neither possible , nor desirable , A . time will come when even this will be the case ; yes , when the pur * and benevolent religion of the Lord Jesus shall be found enshrined in every heart , and actuating every life : then the world " will be what the primitive Church was—& community of loving and human beings , the highest ambition among whom will be , who can do the most service—who can produce the greatest amount of happiness , to be diffused among the whole .

      In such a state of society property would be acqnired , lor industry must create property ; but it would not be private , but common . There might be stores of wealth , but they would be at the disposal of all : there would be subordination of station , but each would be tor the general advantage ; and degrees of rank would exist osly to point at superior worth , which , in such a state , would be an infallible badge of superior use and service . We have not got to this point yet , however , though like Moses , from the top of the mount , we may gain a glimpse of the promised land ; and ages will , I fear , roll on before this happy " consummation , so devoutly to be wished , " will arrive .

      I do say , notwithstanding this , that the rising generation ought to be , and must be taught , even now , the doctrine of univetsal equality ; that is , that all men are equal before God , and that all ought to be bo before the law ; they should be taught that it is a moral crime to take property which is not their own , whtlher by an act which the law call * felony , or in the salaries , pensions , or sicecures , taken fi-om the general purse , by those who have received no legal

      authority from the people so to dispose of their hardearned property . They should be instructed , that an act which would be considered disreputable ¦ when transacted towards a friend , does not become respectable because done in carapliance with the usages of trade ; and that to take away the life of man is criminal , not only when done by an iudiWdu . il , but when done by the orders of a judge , on the scaffold , or in a ¦ wholesale way upon the battle-field , by the ordera of a Kinr , or by an Act of Parliament .

      These are some of the lessons respecting equality , which ought to be generally inculcated . I will only mention one or two more which appear to be of vaat importance . Our rising race should be most carefully taught that the child of a pauper ia as dear to its parents as the child of a prince ; that no man , be his rank or station what it may , has a right to the service of another , without giving him an ample recompense for his labour ; and that nothing can be considered an ample recompense which fails to procure him the necessaries , the comforts , and the conveniences of life ; and that it is unjust and unchristian to make a workhouse a prison , or to punish poverty as a crime . These things must be understood and acted upon by all , or we shall never be a virtuous and a happy people .

      We must also have our mutual dependence upon each other . That we are mutually dependent upon each other , and tbat without this mutual dependence , socitty could not exist , are truths so plain , that he who runs may read them . I am , Madam , Tour Majesty ' s faithful and obedient subject and servant , London , February * th , 18 * 1 . HUM A .

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      BRONTERRE ON THE UMON WITH THE MIDDLE CLASSES . TO THE EDITOB OP THE NORTHERN STAR . Edinburgh , 8 tb Feb . 1841 . Sib ., —As it is necessary tbat the Radical body should be made acquainted with the sentiments of their real friends in bondage , when so many pretended ones are at large , I deem it my duty ( albeit it may be in disobedience t * '' the powers that be" )—to . send you for publication , Mr . O'Brien ' s opinion on the proposed " union with the middle classes" for " further reform . " I say " in disobedience to the powers that be , " because , as you are aware , Mr . O'Brien is expressly prohibited from communicating with any ChartUt paper wkatever , and though the letter is question was examined by the Governor , it was allowed to pass solely from being sent to a private friend . The public importance of the subject , and the necessity for preventing any of the " lambs" from being led astray either by the " wolves " or other " lambs , " induces me to send it to the press .

      Would you permit me , at the same time , to make a single remark , npon aa " address to the middle classes" issued by Messrs . Collins and O'Nell . In alluding to the split between the working and middle classes , they term it" a deep chasm produced by mutual pride , prejudice , and ignorance . " " Mutual" yon will please observe—i . e :, * ' pride , prejudice , and ignorance" on both sides' In whatever light Mr . 0 'Neil may view this subject , surely if Collins bad not , for the moment , forgotten the comforts of Warwick Gaol , notto speak ef every other gaol in England , teeming as they are with the victims of middle class legislation and a middle-class governmerit ; if he hid not , I say , forgotten all this , with .

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      « .. , ' > V ; : r : many other things Which he well knew , whea in Scotland , he would never have characterised the dislike entertained by the ; working classes to tbe profit-mongers , a * the result of " prid * , prejudice , and ignorance . " „ I am , Sir , ¦ Tour very obedient servant ,: ¦ A . M .

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      THE COMFORTS OF THE POOR . TO THK EDITOR OF , THE NORTHERN STAR . Sir , —I beg to direct your attention to the following article in that dirty Whig toady , ycleped the Hampshire Telegraph ;—" A travelling vagrant died in the station-house of our Portsmouth police , early on Monday morning last ; he was 73 years of age , and had passed the previous night in the same room , on accaant , it subsequently appeared , of his being no filthy tbat , oo lodging-house weuld take him in ; he bad money in b'S pocket , but

      was quite tipsy ; he had abundance of atraw to lie on , and waa beard to sing out at two and four o ' clock in the morning ; but , at daylight , whea the door was opened for htm to go away , he was found dead , ami quite naked ; he had taken all his clothes off , eiiqved the straw np into a corner , and laid en the bare stones . The cold mast , from the position in which his head was thrown baofc , have produced a fit Every enquiry ha 8 been made , and clearly no blame can be attributable to the police . A coroner ' s jury returned a verdict of ' Death from natural causes . '

      This is another specimen of the boasted wisdom ot our middle classes and their fltneaa as jurors—another instance of the damnable working of the Whig Poor Law and Police A « ts . The poor old man with the frost of 73 winters on his brow , would , no doubt , rather trust to chance charity than , after years of uureqnited toll , linger out his few rarnaining days In a Whig Poor Law Bastile on pork water soup and brown " Tommy . " The poor old man sought shelter from the inclemency » f . the weather at the station-bouse' ; he teas not dr 000 cd thert for being drunk and disorderly ; he had money i » his pocket , saya the report . How

      mutih thi&k you , Sir f Ouq shining and fourpence was all . I have beard bat fourpence , but we will give them credit for the larger amount The poor , feeble old man would naturally keep that if he could for his next day ' * support , bat that cauld not be thought of by the " intellectuals ; " so , of course , the story of hia having filthy habits was believed ; and for having filthy habits he was placed in a cell with abundance of straw ( abundance in the Whig meaning of the term ) , and left unseen , unpitied , to perish . Had he been a drunken , filthy aristocrat , a bullying soldier officer , which we , the inhabitants of this place too often witness , be

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      would haye been placed before the fire of the stationhouse and bis every want attended to ; but the old man , after being'thtuat Into the cell , was left alone ; and , although be was heard to sing put at two and four o ' clock , no one ^ ent to his assistance -, yet a policeman is always supposed to be in attendance in the adjoining room . When the " blue devil" was questioned oa this point , be said he . thought the old man was singing . The old man , being tipsy , / might have taken off his clothes , thinking he was going to bed ; and afterwards , in his uony or fit , have shoved hit abundance of tiraui

      into the corner , and ; thus was fouDd at daylight with his bead thrown back , naked ! and dead ! . ' Good God ? are we In a Christian oonntry ? or is reason and humanity fled to brutish beasts , that thus , after the oft-repeated charge of ignorance amongst the working classes , unfitting them for the elective franchise , we find a middle class jury , composed from the intelligent arid intellectual electors of what Frank Baring calls " the independent borough of Portsmouth , " return a verdict , in a case like this , ot "Death from natural causa . " Yours , with much respsct , A Working Maw .

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      ' THB QUEEN IN AN INXBRBSTING SITUATION . " "It is stated in ciroles likely to be acquainted with the fact , that her Majesty is again ia an ' interesting situation , ' at once exciting the hopes and sympathies of her loyal Bul » jects . " ¦ ¦ -..,- " i Thus saitb the Globe ; and as the Globe is , par excel lence , the Ministerial paper , we suppose it has such infonnatroasfl to what passes in the " circles likely to be acquainted with , the fact , " as te be able to speak ouits positively upon this subject ; so that we may take it for granted that another piece of Royalty is now In a state of incipient creation .

      Untitled Article

      r We believe Queen Victoria was married to his Royal Highness of ' Saxe Coburg in the month of February , 184 « . This is February ; 1841 , ' antf abceady has she bestowed upon the happy nation one little pledge of their Royal affections , and already does she Royally promise to bestow upon us another . Of course * as tl » new morsel of Royalty i » already asnounced to be " on the road , " it is to be expected in the course of six or seven months ;' so that he or she will probably corn * upon us about the latter end of August or the . beginning of September . - ..- ¦ •'¦ ' ¦ -. ~

      If this matter comes off all right , it will be just two Princesses—or a ^ Prince and a Princess , which is muob the same—in nlneteenmonths . Queen Victoria is now something mdre than two-and-twenty . When the new * scion of this noble house shall be born she will bo about threoand-twenty . She will then have at ieaak seventeen good years left to give birth to young Prince * and Princesses . Now , seventeen years contain 20 * months , and reckoning the births at a little under ten months each , they will amount to jnst twenty-one . Add the two already bora , or oh the stocks , and ire have » total of twenty-three , twenty-three young Princee * nd Princesses J—all to be in existence by the year 1858 , and alt to be kept in great state—large housas , fine carriages , and long retinues of servants—out of th « taxes of this gasping country f

      This is a happy prospect « f domestic felicity and of public prosperity . If we could only sell our Princes and Princesses at the price they are valued at in th « parish of St . James ' s , what a happy future we should have to look forward to , and what a rich country England would teeorae ! Unfortunately , however , " this is « ofc the case . We know of nobody tbat would buy them , even at the price we estimate them at , for w » know of no one that would ' take them off our' hands ) gratis . What ,, then , shall we d « with our Princes and Princesses T If we have twenty-three in twenty years , there is no reason why wa should not have the square of twenty-three- in forty years more , and tbat , as the rules of multiplication and addition tell us , Would make in the aggregate five hundred and fifty-two Prlncea and Princesses—a specimen 61 Royal fecundity that wonld be very entertaining to Europe , but which is not at all impossible to be exhibited if all the offspring of her Gracious Majesty are born with the attributes of their august parent . —Satirist .

      Untitled Article

      RIVAL TRADES' UNIONS . —IMPORTANT CASE . GUILDHALL POLICE COURT , LONDON , Fed 20 . ( From our own Correspondent . ) This day , William Hawley , George Woldridge , John Hawley , William Landriff , and William Hickliug , stonemasons , employed in repairing the Temple Church , off Fleet-street , ( who had been Bummoued on a former day , when tbe matter was adjourned to give the respective parties an opportunity of arranging the afflur . ) reappeared to answer the charge ef Joseph Btichan and others , in " having forced them to depart from their hiriDg to one Barney Barrett '' The Court was densely crowded with members of the Builders' Union , a deputation fr « m whom civilly waited on our correspondent to apprise him of the re-bearing of the case , the terms with the complainants not having ; been adjusted .

      Mr . CUHKSON , who attended for the prosecution , in a long and bitter address invoked the vengeance of the law on tbe defendants , for having violated what the Learned Counsel denominated the " rights of civilised society , in compelling the complainants to abandon their hiring , and refusing te permit them to earn their bread on terms satisfactory to themselves . " The very well-being of society ( he saW ) depended upon the enforcing of the law in this instance , which tbe accused parties had deliberately broken . The complainants were members of a club , but not of that to which the defendants belonged . On the ICth of January , they applied to Mr . Barrett , who is foreman to Mr . Burnell , an extensive builder , to be employed on the repairs at the Temple ; be took down their names on His list . ¦

      and told them to * come to work ou Monday -morning , but when they went , the defendants , and the Tiat of the men who belonged to the Birmingham Union , withdrew into a corner , consulted , blew out their candles , and told the clerk ef the works ( the foreman not having then arrived ) that if the complainants were set to wort , they ( defendants ) would leave . As the master could not complete hia contract if fifty of his men left him in this way , be tras obliged to abandon the hiring of the complainants , as he had frankly told them he must do if the Birmingham . Union men refused to work with them . The master was unable to retain the complainants on account of the conduct pursued by tha defendants , and for that they must now answer : Trades' Unionswrethe abomination of . all ' good men , and were as much the bane of the workmen , as of the

      masters . Joseph Buchan was then called , and examined by Mr . Clarkson ; he detailed the circumstances of his "hiring" by Barney Barrett , at a public-bouse in Chaucery-lane , and the'conduct of the defendants and the other men when they wsnt to Work . Hawley , the elder , who is also a foreman , said they must have a b y good cheek to come there- to work ; " and another said he never saw men with such ' cheeks" in bin life . In a cross-examination by Mr . Charles Phillips , ( who appeared for the defendants , ) the witness stated , that the Bociety to which he belonged consisted of about 300 ; he did not offer Mr . Batrett 100 or 150 raca

      if the defendants objected to woik with them ; and Mr . Barrett did not say he would hire them provided they could arrange uith the men already in his employ . The name of the complainant ' s club waa the " Operative Masons'Trade of London . " [ The witness hesUattd afc this and several other questions put to him , repeating the words of Mr . Phillips , and drawing upon himself some sharp rebukes from the Learned Counsel . ] The entrance money to this society was only Ss ., and they did refuse to work with men who were not members ot it ; their objoct was to protect themselves from the coercion of the other society ; he did not know the amount of the funds , and declined to say what use waa to be mode of it .

      Mr . Clarkson . —You could not take a better way of getting rid of it than in going to law with each other . Mr . C . Phillips—( loaking round the Court )—Hear that , now . Tbe Learned Counsel says , you cannot adopt a better mode of spending your funds than in going to law . I say , that you cannot possibly take a

      worsei ; Mr . CLARKSON . explained that he meant - " a more effectual" instead of a beiier way—he agreed with hia learned friend , that moraUy they could not take a u-orss coutbo than going-to law . This evidence having closed tbe case on the part of the prosecution , Mr . Phillips said he should show that the complainants had not been hired , and that would put an end to the charge that they had been driven from their hiring . A great many men had been employed for two months past in repairing the Temple Church , and they would like to know why a deputation from the other society had applied there for work , except for the purpose of making a disturbance , and annoying them , by completing the job sooner , and

      shortening the time of their employment ; while plenty of work might be got elsewhere in tho lwjiiopolis . What Mr . Barrett bad said to them was , that he bad no objection to hire the complainants if they could arrange with tbe men already employed at the job ; he could not have any dispute with his tneu ; upon which the complainants offered to supply Mr . Barrett with 100 or 150 men if be wanted them . Why had not tha complainants put Mr . Barrett in the witnoss-box to prove tbe fact of their having been hired , if they really believed they hod been ? As , however , they had not done bo , he would do that service for them ; he , a » cordingly , called Mr . Barrett , who , on getting into the box , and being sworn , upon being asked bia name , replied that it was Barnabas Barrett .

      Mr . Phillip * objected , that as the summons wn » the only document upon which tlie defendants wet © tried , and was like- an indictment , it ought to be accurate , and not describe an individual whose Christian or baptismal name was " Barnabas" by the nickname of Barney . Mr . Clarkson contended that , though it mjght be a nickname , it was one by which the witness was well and commonly known , and Mr . Phillips , therefore , had sufficient notice of the party ; besides , the magistrates bad the power of amending tbe summons . Mr . Phillips—What 1 amend a penal documentamend an indictment 1

      Mr . Clarkson contended that the power lay witi the Aldermen to decide on all the points brought before them . He designated the objection taken by Mr . Phillips as a miserable objection ; and hoped that two Aldermen of the % eity of London would not so far discredit the Corporation as to follow the recent example of the first assembly of the realm ; assisted by th » fifteen Judges—an . assembly , however , for whom all bad , bscause all ought to have , the highest veneration . Mr . Phillips said , be was not in the habit of applying the term " miserable" to anything emanating from bis Learned Friend ; as that term only showed the taste of those who used it ; but he mustj »| " «»* he was always deeply indebted to his Learned Friend for his assistance , particularly when WM ** ¦ ¦ % *** him ; and in this case be was happily saved tbe trouble of coinbatUnf toe Learned Gentieman ' s . argument , because he bad so effectually over-argue ^ Mms ^ f . » required " some check , " though , as the witness described it . to call this objection ' " miseraWe . ; , one .

      A graphic scene h « e ensued ; the Aldermep were engaged in deep consultation , when Mr . CJarksoa began to exhort them , at the top of bis -rolee . * o convict the defendants / and allow ; them a * £ ** £ »** . Mr . Phillips , in an equally bigb key , urged tb «» dis > B > i « al of the casei and , for » few niinntef , t ^ M *™* AWermen might be seen consulting , with , tbe Ijearned . Counsel on eitbet side , jabbering away , both , iqpdhtr , like a couple of washerwomen -whose ?• monkeja" bad been put up , or still more like a brace of Pe ^ lcoatlane Israelites , endeavouring - respectively , to secure * greenhorn " cushtomer . " The patter-elatter , of tbe Learned" Gentlemen was finally terminated by the Aldermen dismissing ; the case ; when Mr . PftUlips , la the " turning of a handspike , " clapped on bis til * , and saying , ? ' Of course—good morning , " made bi » exit through the Aldermen ' s ante-chamber ; while Mx * Clarkson , with evident chagrin , pulled ont bis pane , and paid for fresh summoosea against tbe jama defeo * danta , on a similar ,. tmt not Otnrm charge .

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      ¦ ¦ - ? PAWNBROKERS' EXACTIONS . TO THE EDITOR OF THB NORTHERN STAR . Sir , —Yon are considered to be the " poor man ' s friend" and advocate , and your deservedly valued Star has discovered and brought to light many bidden things of darkness . While you thus puisne yonrgrtmA design , by exposing bad laws , and grinding taxation , under which the people suffer wrong , and fearlessly assert tbe rights of man , permit me , through the medium of your paper , to expose the- illegal exactUns of the pawnbrokers of this town .

      I choose this the rather to the enlightenment of tbe poor victims of their rapacity , and as a caution to the pawnbrokers themselves , than all at ence to embroil them in tbe informations , and penalties , which the law directs . That twenty per cent , profit ( in most instance * eighty per cent profit ) is realised ' , and this , too , according £ law , ohould not be considered by the most grinding of inhuman beings , a sufficient equivalent for lending a half-starved family a few shillings , on good security , is a more impudent assertion than the devil himself could offer . But bo it is ; and that among persons making pretensions to piety . Take an

      example . The prwnbrskers' act Btatea the rate of interest thus : viz . that fur every pledge not exceediag 2 b . ed ., tbe pawnbroker shall be entitled to charge one halfpenny for every calender month ; for 5 s . one penny , and one halfpenny for the duplicate ; for 78 . 6 U . three halfpence per month , and one halfpenny for the duplicate ; for 10 b . twopence per month , and one penny for the duplicate ; for one pound , fourpence per month , and twopence for the duplicate ; and so on in proportion for any sum , not exceeding forty-1 wo shillings ; above forty-tw « shillings to £ 10 , threepence per month for every pound advanced .

      Thus , a parson borrowing fifty shillings would be legally changeable -with twopence for the duplicate , and sevenpence halfpenny for one month ' s interest ; and so in proportion . If tbe sum lent was £ & , or upwards , the duplicate is fourpence . The pawnbroker U also entitled . to charge half-a-inontb , if seven days of the current month have expired ; if fourteen days have expired , then he is entitled to charge as for a whole month . As , for instance , a person borrows 23 . 6 d . from a pawnbroker , on the 10 th day of February , and redeems the pledge on or before the 17 th day of March ( the" following month ) , tbe pawnbroker could legally charge one halfpenny , and no more , if , after tbe 17 th of March , and prior to the 24 th , the pawnbroker might legally charge three-farthings , and no mote ; and pawnbrokers are required to give farthings in change , Hence we see that the weekly customers pay eighty per cent ,

      or two shillings and twopence yearly , for the loan of 2 a . 6 d . ; and this shameful interest the pawnbroker is justified in . charging , according to act of Parliament , I shudder at the covetousness of these Jews ; they are like the grave , never satisfied . But they have lately been trying ( and are now practising ) to steal a , day ' s march on their very liberal usury act , by accommodating the customers ( obliged by poverty to call at their offices ) by lending them 2 s . Sd ., providing ouly 2 & 6 d . is wanted , and charging them one penny , instead of one halfpenny per week , or 4 s . 4 d . pet year , for the use « f 2 a . 9 d . This is liberal , indeed ! and these sapient pawnbrokers , unaccustomed to thinking , no doubt suppose that their Act of Parliament will protect them In this grinding oppression . This is not the case . An application to the magistrates will put the matter right .

      Let the Overseers of the Poor lay the informations , and , byway of making them disgorge some of their ill-gotten pelf , cause the pawnbrokers to pay the next rate for tbe relief of the poor , as would be easily done ; the Informer being entitled to one half of the penalties , and the poor of the pariah to the other . This could not be considered unfair ; or else , let every poor person thus abused inform in his own case , and make the law respected . The penalty in each case is £ 10 ; and , be it remembered , that by Act of Parliament pawnbrokers are required to mark the interest they received oa the duplicate , and to file them , that they may be forthcoming on the order ef a magistrate , to bear testimony against them when they act illegally . I am . Sir , Yours , respectfully , Scrutator . Macclesfleld , Feb 20 th , 1841 .

      Gpivit Of Tf&Gt;* 3jsr**£.

      gpivit of tf >* 3 JSr ** £ .

      Untitled Article

      * Lancaster Castle , Feb . 4 th , 1811 . * * ' . ' . .. '" ?' . •• ' . Aa to the Leeds affair , and the projected union between the middle and working classes , It is all moonshine ; or rather the offspring of an old agreement between certain false " Chartists" and their secret friends , the profitmongers , to which " respectable" class the false fellows : either belong themselves , or aspire to belong . So far as the honest workies are concerned , it will be a union of hawks and sparrows , or of wolves and lambs—the understood terms of which " union " will be , tbat the hawks and wolves shall spare a few particular sparrows and lambs , on condition that the said favoured individuals shall aid and assist the

      aforesaid hawks and wolves in getting more easy access to , and a more' complete mastery over , all the other sparrows and lambs , tbat is to say , tbe whole of their respective " orders , " save and except the few favoured conspirators . Even these will 2 nd themselves outwitted , and immolated in the long run ; for the moment the hawks and wolves find they can dispense with tbeir services , they will pay them Polyphemus ' s , compliment—that Is , ' » eat them last of all ! " The only conspirators who will escape are the few who may nave , meanwhile , emerged from their " order , " and got snugly incorporated among the " respectable "

      " orders" of . cats and wolves . This , my dear M— , is the history of all pretended " unions" between the middle and . working classes , and I entertain little respect for the understanding of any man Who expects any other result from the present " union . " There were such unions established between the middle and working classes during th © first French ' Revolution , but they all ended in the like result—via . the utter destruction of the people ' s honest leaders—tbe making their fortunes for a few traitors—the complete

      subjagation of the workies , who were foola enough to trust in them , and an accession of fierce power and exemption from responsibility to the middle-class murderers of French society . The same will be the result bere , if the " union" goes on . The false leaders of the Chartists will be made use of to destroy the honest ones ^ the people will get more devoted than ever—then will follow disappointment and disgust—then , apathy and despair , and then comes the finale—increased power for the oppressor—Increased misery ( if that be possible ) for tbe oppressed 1

      " A union between the middle and working classes , " indeed ! What an impudent cheat ! How are the five or six hundred poor fellows who have been consigned to felon ' a cells for asking a real union—the union of equal rights and equal laws with their oppressorshow are these to unite with the villains who have so treate&tbeni , and nearly starved their poor families to death ? How are the thousands of honeat Chartists who have been persecuted out of hoasa and home , or who are sow walking the streets in rags , and without

      a morsel of bread to put into their mouths , —how are they to " unite" with the conspiring murderers who have turned or kept them out of employment , for simply asking their rights f 'Tis all stuff and nonsense to talk of a union with these villains , until Universal Suffrage has been carried—till both parties are ou an equal footing . Then , but not till then , ought the words " union with the middle classes" to be pronounced , by Chartists ; for then , and then only , could such a union be founded in reciprocal respect and confidence to be guided by mutuality of Interests .

      "A union between the middle and working classes , " jndeed ! Pshaw ! It is rank , disgusting humbug ! How is it that those patriots , Afanhall , Stansfeld , and Company , have been so silent for the last nine years ? Where wero they in the days of tbe Coercion Bill ? of the New Poor Law BUI ? of the twenty million-West-Indian-Negro-Slavery-job ? of the New Police Act ? Where were they when poor Courtenay or Tliom and hia followers were so cruelly and barbarously murdered near Canterbury Where were they at the time of the Trades Unions , when the Dorchester Labourers and the Glasgow Cotton Spinners

      were transported ! Where were they wbe the late agitation commenced , or during its progress . ' Why did they not come out even with tbe Birmingham people ! What were they doing all the time ? What were they doing when the London Police were breaking the heads of the lieges in Birmingham , paying domiciliary visits , robbing men « f their arms and even of their private letters , and filling the gaoJs with better and more legal men than themselves ? What were they doing all this time ?• Did they petit / on , remonstrate with , or rebuke their government for any of these acts ? Have they presented a single

      petition on behalf ot the expatriated or the dungeoned Chartists , since the beginning of the perscutions ? Oo they appear likely to do so now ? or if they did , would it not be a mere " tub to the whale , " and accompanied with a silent prayer that the petitions might have no effect ? If they were honest men they would have shown themselves such long ago . If their present purposes were honest ones , their conduct and language would be thus : —they would say to their Parliament , " It 1 b not in our power to do justice to working men under the existing state of commerce . It is not in human nature that they can have comfort or justice

      under existing institutions , which ore made exclusively by those who have an interest in oppressing them . These institutions will never be amended by law makers , chosen only by these parties , to which , we grieve to say , we unavoidably belong . Wo wish to do justice to tbe poor men , without sacrificing eurselves or our own just rights , but we cannot do so under existing institutions ; and as these institutions will never be altered until those who suffer by them are placed ou a level with ourselves aud with you ( tbe Parliament )

      in respect ef political rights , we demand of you , as on act of justice towardb them , and of consideration towards us , ( who in part have elected you , ) tbat you suspend all future legislation , B&ve what Ib required by the Immediate business on hand , till you have passed an act similar in substance and effect to the People's Charter . * ' There is no " union " required for all this . Will they do it ? But why waste words on Buch a crew ? for does not their every act and speech , as well as what they have not done , bear palpable evidence in the face of it that they are intriguers and impostors !

      ( Signed ) James B . O'Brien . * Echo answers , " ' Keeping out the Tories , * and looking after the main chance . " —Printer's Devil .

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      A SAMPLE OF THE HONESTY OF THE " HIGHER ORDERS . " In commenting upon the fate trial of Lord Cardigan , the Spetlator observes : — " And now as to the Court itself . Notwithstanding the care of the prosecution to withhold evidence , and of tbe defence to divert attention from what could not be withheld , the following f ^ cts were established . Mrs . Dann saw two gentlemen kneel and load pistols , then xise , stand back to back , walk asunder some , paces each , place other two at the points thus fixed , put pistols in their hands , stand aside till they fired at each other , give them fresh pistols , and stand aside till they fired again . Mr . Dann saw the combatants stationed ; saw them fire both times ; never lost eight of them till be

      reached the gvouud ; when he saw one gentleman wounded , aud took tbe pistol from the band of another , that other being one of those wha fired , and also Lurd Cardigan , the prisoner at the - bar . Sebastian Dmn , saw the kneeling of the seconds , the firing of the principals , and the wounded gentleman with a great deal ef blood oa the ground . There cannot exist a doubt that Lord Cardigan discharged two pistols at some individual , and wounded him the second time ; it having been also proved that he said to the Inspector of Police— ' leave been fighting a duel , aud have hit my man . ' Then as to the identity of tbe wounded antagonist of Lord Cardigan . Dann allowed him to go home with his surgeon , upon giving his address ; that address was , ' Captain Harvey Tucfcett , 13 ,

      Hamiltonplace , New-road . ' Dana culled three times ; and each time , on asking for Captain Tuckett , was ushered in to the wounded gentleman who gave him the address ; and on one occasion that gentleman seat a note by Dann to the magistrates , which he signed with the name Tuckett . ' Mr . Walthen gave evidence to the effect tbat a gentleman of the name of Harvey Tuckett had rented business chambers front him for upwards of a year , who gave his card of reference 'Captain Harvey Tuckett , 13 , Hamilton Place ; ' and tbat he had sent a hamper to the gentleman by that address . It was proved that the Earl of Cardigan deliberately discharged two pistols . at a person of the name of Cuptain Harvey Tuckett , and wounded him . Tnis was the charge against the Earl—a charge which , as Btated by the prosecution , admitted by the Court , and not questioned by the defence , if proved , rendered him liable to punishment The counsel for the accused

      objected to the production of the card ; it was proved , without the card , that the wounded man gave the name aiid place of residence above mentioned , that he waa repeatedly seen there during his convalescence , and that a person of that name and title resided there . If there were any thing extenuating in the circumstances out of which the duel arose , that was a portion of the defence . The criminal act was proved , and brought borne to tbe Earl of Cardigan . And yet' tbe members ot the House of Peers , the conservators of the piety , morality , and law of the empire , after commencing their proceeding with a solemn appeal to tbe Deity , rose up one by one when called upon , and each in succession , placing his right hand upon his breast , said , Not gnilty , upon my honour . ' Alas for tbe honour of the British nobility ! it is much upon a par with tbe veracity of the fiery knigbts , who , in the First Part of Shakspere ' s Richard the Second thrust the lie down each other ' s

      throats . " Upon the same subject the Examiner adds : — " A duellist ' s chances of impunity are now these ; be must be a Peer of Parliament , and he must fight a man with a long string of Christian names . In the old duels with swords , tbe length of the sword used to be sent with tbe challenge , to ensure equal terms . In duels , henceforth the length ; of the names should be sent , or the parties cannot be on even terms as to « m-• equeaoes , even if they are not Peers . A Harvey Tuckett might not bate been shot at with impunity , bat evidence breaks down under a Harvey Garnett Pbipps Tuckett . The case was too much for the grasp of jus : ice exactly by the Garnett Pbipps . Had he been murdered , bis godfathers and godmothers would have bad to answer for the impunity or bis assassin . This most important consideration should have occurred to Mr . Shandy , in hia appreciation of tha teportance ot Christian names . "

      Untitled Article

      ^ THE NORTHERN STAR . 7

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), Feb. 27, 1841, page 7, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct368/page/7/