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Northern Star (1837-1852), 31st March 1838, Edition 2 of 3, Page 4, Untitled Article

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    • TO BEADEES & CORRESPONDENTS.
    • circulation of the northern ¦ ¦::;-¦ :--: ' star - . ¦ ¦ • ¦ ./'^/:.: ' ¦¦ ¦- '
    • ¦ ¦ LEED^ AND WEST-RIDING NEWS.
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      Untitled Article

      jg ^ Mm of all . ; tn » v Kyj » - " ^ SoTEB-POPULAtiO ^ , A 1 TOOTES-PKO-/ BTJCTION' ^ ANSWEKED . The lasti like tie preceding Par&mentary weeks , Wbeea devoid of public interest and unproductive rfjmblie good . SqusbHes aboatseats ; . renewal of aee&iatfDiis of the -aeeessity \> f hacking the tack of the poor soldier ; arguments concerning foreign policy ; declarations in favour of nego emancipation ana -white slave bondage ; Malflmaan exultation at * he success of -wholesale plunder ; virtuperation

      against the already - unjustly oppressed Catholics—JJafbour Bffis ^; Ball-road Bffls ; Pier Bills . ; Irish Poor Iaaw BiHs -j Trith all the other absurdities , have iien diwJnssed in the National Jobbing House ; ^ le not a -word , not a single word , has been ^ Stereo , having for its object , the advancement of lie millions . Thus we find elective power and non-« 3 eetrre nsfinence once again opposed ; justice at ^ rar wiih injustice ; unp ro tected truth contending against protected falsehood ; and Jiaked misery , starvation , and want laughed at by those who ire -upon national plunder , depravity ,-monopoly ,

      anilftrce . ^ 3 fcese things we know ; these things we fed ; these -Snugs we preach ; but so violent must beany change &r the better , thatit is almost vain to expect that men ^ nU ^ ve -up old prejudices , long cherished predelic-Uons , and crotchets , for what appears a subversion of ^ established order , and a plunge into ehaotie cenfusion . "We grant , that , opposed as our present rulers are to every species of progressive improvement , that the move , if not restrained by a timely application of

      -reforming principles , will be b dash to clear the breach which wrruption has made , and in one dread-M struggle to accomplish moTe by violence than srould have been required if something had been yielded to justice- The system of private contention , individual monopoly , and party aggrandizement , lias disgusted the non-electors , with the delegation of representative power , by a few interested individuals to the keeping of those who legislate for themselves , and against the interest of the

      common--srealth . In all ages , and through all time , there has been cant phrase to account for the condition of the working classes . "We hear of idleness , drunkenness , want -of education , and a thousand imperfections and fleSciendes , attributed to them as a reasonable means « f accounting for their want of improvement and moral elevation . "We have beard the thunder of jor pit eloquence , senatorial reproof , sectarian

      denunciation and declamatory ravings of paid and itinerant -demagogues , unmercifully hurled at the " swinish snnltitnde ; " all their vices have been represented -as characteristic of a low born race ; while few have declared them to be consequences of oppres-: son and misrule . Men possessing pbilanthropbyand -love of justice , mourn , as it were , that with the best intentions to serve them , the working classes cannot ' be induced to conform to those rules laid down bv

      their professed friends and champions . . Alas ! they iave no friends ; they cannot bave friends under flie present system of legislation . The people witness the disorganization - of their moral societies , while fashion in high life proceeds apaee with rapid strides . They witness the breaking -np of their small once happy and social communities , and see a squalid race of living skeletons marchingin sad procession , in filthy towns , by arithmetical T ^ e , from the den of misery to the loathsome factory , and thence ( when old age , or exhaustion , or danger of

      speculation overtakes them , ) to _ the dougeon of the remorseless Devil-King , whose deputies receive "t&eiri as ~ a part ofifce over-population of the country . Behold then the mistery . A new order of things has sprang up , and we require a new order of men to govern -flirnn . The rapid changes which society has undergone by lie introduction of machinery without -coresponding laws to regulate its proceeds , is the one great plague spot , which now affects the body politic . ATI , all the fault is attributed to the people themselves , while those who are entrusted with their -government , are held exempt from censure .

      - X ) f late , more than ever , the cry of over-population , -as compared with the means of production , has 3 > een trumpeted in onr ears . The means ' of regulatihg population in one country , by the commercial vrsnts , speculation , and power of production , of other ¦ countries , has been reduced to a singular nicety ; andhas been solved and laid down with an exactitude , ¦ which no science ( even Ies 3 abstrnse ) has attained . A table of grain has been established which , in the opinion of political economists , should regulate population ; and instead of effecting an equitable

      distribution of the fruit 3 of the earth and of Tendering them subservient to the wants of the people , ** . * 0 as in due time they may enjoy them !" it would appear as if the order of nature were * reversed , and that the scale of population should be made subservient to the comxaercial speculation of the capitalist , the wants of € he lord of the soD , and to the financial necessities * f amoney-mongering Government . " The question s » T over-population cannot be solved by any- given somber of inhabitants . Man has been displaced

      ¦ from Mb natural position in society , by the introduction of machinery ; and if to-day ten millions should be considered a thin population , to-morrow , Ijy flie invention of some new piece of machineryj one suQion might be looked upon as a superabundant pojraiatioTi . " By power of production , is meant the means - © f producing , at tie smallest possible remunerating jsrice for labour , with the greatest possible amount « f profit to the speculator . The whole question of distress sad dissatisfaction is to be thus accounted ibr . For ages the people of this country have been

      accustomed to one line of life , and one description x > f labour , in the . enjoyment and prosecution of -which they have been governed by laws made with reference to their habits sad occupations . Bnt of Jate a aew spirit , a . livery-soul has been infused , -whiea « $ mres a new code of lawB ; first to arrange ^ "ife -jrothi and -then to govern tiie ^ isfem . Under -fiie old feudal Jaws , some scale was established , to " « galate tie landlord' s profit upon each class of -3 ajd ^ ecer 3 rji ! gto its producing power . The political economists , subdivide the price of the raw material ,

      ^• fiie profits bj > ob tenancy , outlay , ride , and speeula-~ "tim } with / nic * precision ; while they hand the "scheme for factories regulation , over to the ten ~ -da ^ merdes of the Russian , tie . American , and other inhabitants of foreign parts . "We require some defined specific rule for the . regulation of all profit made by labour , otherwise -we shall have a savagg and a bloody civil war to _ z 5 ght society . The facility which machinery affords for gambling , makes die avaricious capitalist { speculating on hourly return from each drop of

      Tteeat-, ) look with apathy upon the uncultivated soil an " fiew of bis mill , and with contempt upon the < faH clod-pole cultivator , who is satisfied with the poor profit of four ot five yer cent , " and fhat -anacally , ibr bis labour and speculation . The aenxious gambler who hazards Ms all rrpoa one Hamn of tj » e dice , does not look with more ineffable contempt upon the ireqBentw of the penny

      lootable , ihan does the ywfc £ -f «*« rR-capitalist upon the aftew procedure of his &rmiag neighbour . Is it not . monstrous te talk of over-population , and to resort to ¦ Jbreiga and fiuetoating markets-for human "food , arioielat each step we see thousands of acres merely legmriifg wholesome labour to -produce wholesome food ? Overpopulationindeed ! Lay low thelorily beads -ofyoor forest trees ; dispose of yonrhnntera , raee ioBeBj p leasure horses , dragoon horses , dogs , and

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      aniinals , who consume without jFoatfcing ; turn your parks , your race ground *) ytmr'deer parks , and vast domains into available produce : then show ns an over-population , autlxre will join with you in ' quest of distant countries , to which the younger branches of nature ' * family sball repair for sustenance , shelter , and relief . SpVak then , henceforth , in . terms which the sufferers can understand . Lay aside your economical mysteries , with regard to free trade , overproduction , over-population , and competition . Take the fragments of misgry from your political Kaleides ^

      eope , and show the fair picture to thepeople . Speak to them in homely phrase—tell them that to be great abroad , we must first-be great at home . Talk to them of natioaal free trade—tell them to dissolve the incestuous union between Church and State , and to restore the tithes to the uses of the people . Tell them to make the laws such as can be obeyed from love , and disband your army . Get rid of your pensioners , your drones , your locusts , and your expensive establishments of every description : and then , those who now complain of disorder and want of

      moral perfection , will speedily find that the cause being removed , the effect will have ceased to eTisf We admit that any new science , by the operation of which th » government , of a country is much affected , requires time for consideration / before new laws can be made applicable to the working of new circumstances . But atthe same time , all must allow , that no disposition has been evinced to remedy a single evil created , by recent great and important changes . The few whom machinery has not as yet vitally effected , serve as a political guard for those who are becoming rich ( as if by magic ) under its unrestrained influence . In conclusion , let it not be

      understood that wt- are enemies to machinery . On the contrary , we are staunch supporters of the system ; but we are enemies to the unequal distribution of the funds made under its application . Machinery , which should be man ' s holiday , has been made man ' s curse ; and when we know that the manufacturer who can rob 4 , 000 men , women , and children , of two hours labour per day at 3 d . per hour , puts thirty one thousand eight hundred pounds per annum into his own pocket , with oat any speculation as to the price of material ; or manufactured article , —then - we say , regulate the profits made by machinery , or the people will be obliged to regulate them for you .

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      ——^ TO THE EDITORS OF THE NORTHERN STAR . London , March 28 fA , 1838 . Gentlemen , —I have seldom perused a Journal ¦ which afforded me more real satisfaction than did your " Star" of Saturday last . Let me briefly explain why that number in particular has so much pleased me , and why , I think , it must have pleased thousands of other persons whose good opinion is of more consequence to you than mine .

      Your " Star ' of Saturday alounds in mutter which shoves that you , its conductors , are preparing to ACT as well as to write and talk , and , what is ly far more important , that Vie Men of the North are preparing to act ivith yow and even to go leyond you , if that be possible . You will see by this , that I allude not so much to your own editorial articles , as to the general contents of . your last number—more especially to your correspondence , and your reports of public meetings I would not give a fig for all the editorial scribbling

      and speecb-makingin the world , unless they be of a nature to make the people act ; but that your scribbling and speech-making will have that effect , if they have not already produced it , is evident to me from almost every part of the contents of your last number . In the first place there is your report of the Radical meeting at Bury . The sentiments expressed at that meeting need only to be universally acted upon by the working classes to render their cause invincible . It is the first example I have seen of a Trades' Union

      having the intelligence and the boldness to declare that politics was an essential part of the legitimate objects of such societies . The old cuckoo cry" We hare nothing to do with politics" —that cry which knaves originated , which fools were taught to reiterate— and which has hitherto proved the bane of all Trades' Combinations— -was most wisely and manfully discountenanced at Bury . Talk of the

      signs of the times ! I know no sign of the times so pregnant with salutary consequences to the British public , as this conduct of the Unionists of Bury . Had the Grand Consolidated Trades ' Union ( which presented such an imposing array of strength a . few years ago , ) only acted upon similar resolves to those of the men of Bury , it would not only have been still in existence , but would be the most formidable Combination that ever menaced

      Governmental Despotism . At the time of that Union , I did all in my - power to-induce its members to embody the single question of Universal Suffrage amongst the number of its declared objects ; but neither myself , nor those of my readers who beloDged to the Trades , could make any impression against the overwhelming majority whose cry was— " We want no politics , "" We will have nothing to de with polities . " What reason and common sense could - not efiect then , time and experience have since partially

      effected . AM intelligent working men are now convinced of three things—First , that without a voice in the laws ,. their Trades' Combinations will ever have bnt a precarious tenure of existence , being always liable to be criminated and broken up by the verdict of a middle-class jury . Second , that without a voice in the laws , such combinations can , at best , only partially stay or prevent tie downward progress of working men , but are never of any avail to permanently raise wagei , much less to materially affect

      the arrangements of society in favour of the interests of labour . And Third , that Universal Suffrage , so far from operating against , or . being inconsistent with , the other declared objects of Trades' Unions , would materially assist them and expedite the march of opinion In favour of still more comprehensive objects . These convictions are now pretty generally enter tained , and , thanks to the men of Baijr and to ihz ~ Northern Star , they bid fair to ripen into ttie golden fruit of action before long .

      Wfio that Teads your account of the Bury Trades ' Meeting will not rejoice to see such sentiments as the following expressed by working men : ^ - "We do not come here ( says Mr . Boubgoi gse , millwright ) , tohe&rDr . Pi / ETCHEB , or Feaugxis O'Connob , or Mr . Stephens , or Mr . Oastleb ; we are come to repel the foul charge of assassination " ( CConnell's charge ) . Again— "Some of those presentbad probably been aecugtomed to say trAaMarc toe to do with politic *!—butbs , Mr . BoTJBGOiGNE , would telVtbem " that if there had been fair

      legislation to protect the intererts of labour , there would have been no need for Unions , for trades , or for Secret Societies . They would soon find that it concerned every one to understand politics , &c . " Mr . B . then proceeded to refer to the House of Commons' Conmfltt e * noir flitting on the subject of Trades' Societies , —a Committeee , two of whose members are the Jtjdgb Advocate , who

      condemned the five Glasgow Cotton Spinners , an $ Mr . Daniel O'Connbll , who has branded the Unionists generally &g assassins , or tie abettors of assassination . Well may we exclaim with this honest millwright— A pretty set of fellows these , to inftdte into , and determine on , the rights oj labour ! " Mr . Thokas B » b , cotton spinner , was no less decided than bis friend BoTTBoohJNE in repudiating the cowardly cuckoo cry of li -2 ?

      Untitled Article

      po litics ! " " \ Nb politics / " IcalltMserycowflf ^ r , because in nine cases out of ten it proceeds as much , from cowardice as from ignorance The leaders of the Unions are afraid of their masters ; and still more afraid of the Government , wbjeb ^ they vainly imagine , will let them alone so long as they let politics ' - 'alone , and confine themaeiyes to wages , limiting the number of apprentices ,: or the like trade regulations . But no- delusion can be more complete . Every one of tlw ' regulations alluded to is as much an attack on . the Government

      as the dairying of a resolution in favour of Universal Suffrage or Annual Parliaments . The reason why the Government does not give ' Universal Sufirage , is simply because the classes which make the Government , derive the bulk of their incomes from the slavery and low wages- of the working classes , which , they know , Universal Suffrage would put an end to . But what matters it to those classes : whether slavery and low wages'be put an end to by Universal Suffrage , or by the regulations of Trades' Unions ?

      Not a straw ' s value of difference does it make to them , except in so far as Universal Suffrage would be a more effectual remedy against them than the other . In either case , their Government is sure to do its utmost to crush whatever tends to do awajp with slavery and low wages . All members of Trades ' Unions may , therefore , rest assured , that by discarding politics , they conciliate neither the Government , nor their masters' customers ; whilst , at the same time , they discourage all their best friends , lose one half their real strength , and neglect the only effectual means of permanent amelioration .

      Messrs . Boubgoigne and Bird explained this well at the Bury meeting . "Go to the savings ' banks , " said Mr . Bibd , u and fetch out your motiey , and call on your fellow-workmen throug h ' out England , Scotland , and Ireland ' todo the same . " Your correspondent , H . J . Richardson , recommends the same , and who will tell me that this admirable recommendation has nothing to do with po litics ? Had the Government no political object in establishing or sanctioning the establishment of savings' banks ? In limiting the amount of

      deposits to be made by each depositor ? In enabling the working classes to purchase annuities with their accumulated savings ? And in limiting the amount of these annuities to twenty pounds ? Why , the whole affair 33 a political one of the worst machivlaien stamp , and yefc there are working men so perverse and blind to their own interests , as to say , I will have nothing to do with politics !"—God pity such deluded ' creatures , and opea their eyes before the New Poor law Act , and the New Rural Police shall have convinced them to

      their cost , that their not having anything to do with politics will not prevent politics from : haying- to do with them . If Mr . Richard Taylohj ( another of the ' speakers at the Bury Meeting , ) had held such infatuated notions , he would never have had the good sense to say , in reference to the House of Commons' Committee on the Trades , "it would have been better if O'Connell and his set had got a a Committee to enquire into the Causes of

      distress , instead of their present nroceedinffs . " distress , instead of their present proceedings . " ^ Messrs . Clegg , Stoken , Lord , and Fletcher , showed themselves no less intelligent than the speakers already named . It is impossible to read even your brief outline of the speeches of these persons without feeling a thorough conviction that if all the working people were but equally wellinformed and public-spirited , their cause would be invincible . •' ¦ -. '

      The address of the Edinburgh Committee in behalf of the victimized Cotton Spinners , is another feature in your last week ' s paper , which must delight every friend of humanity . Who , that reads that eloquent address , can doubt the ultimate triumph of Right over Might , : and of enlighteniid benevolence over the brute empire of force and s " oM 3 ( li cunning ? The letter of Harney , NeeSOMjand

      Ireland , is another important sign of the times , for the publication of which , as well is' of ^ the letter of Mr . Richardson , in reference to the Savings' Banks , we are indebted to your last number . But what most gratifies me , of all , in that number , is , your announcement of the Great Northern Usion , and your recommendation that the returned Dorchester Labourers be forthwith

      put m requisition to make a tour through England in behalf of the five Glasgow Cotton Spinners . This is something better than mere talking and writing . The Northern Union , if it be goodfor anything , may be made the foundation of a real national Guard to protect the British Democracy in its first essays of Sovereign power . In truth there is no telling to what uses such a body may not be convertible , provided it be strong in Numbers and Union , and that it be actuated by a proper sense of the wrongs it has suffered , and of the rights ithas to gain . Heartily thanking you , gentlemen , for your last number , and wishing you every rucce » s , I remain , &c ., BRONTERRE .

      To Beadees & Correspondents.

      TO BEADEES & CORRESPONDENTS .

      Untitled Article

      Mr . J . Ogilvie , news agent , Bow Lane , Cross Street Manchester , has left his residetice , without com- * municating his present address to us , which is of . importance , for a certain reason . We understand he has gone to Scotland ; and shall give any person 10 « . who will be kind enough to forward fas present address to this office—^ Northefn Star . ¦ ' We have been obliged to exclude much matter of importance this week , and amongst the many , a . most important report of a meeting of rate-payers held at Dukinfield , which skull appear in full in our next . : ;

      Those persons who have paid JMn Millar , of Glaa * gow , for the Star , shall receive them ( till the time expires ) from our agent , Mr . Henry Robin son , Trongate ; butweteg tosWethat , infatu ^ ve shall do as we are llone ^ fe- We should ji g happy to hear'from Mr . Millar . -.- " ' . ' ^' We have much pleasure m accepting the thptftcBfeUt of our Barnsley friends for Easter Tuesdayyam thank them for their kindness , we shall do our utmost to make them spend a pleasant evening .

      We never were more delighied than with the meet ' ing of the good men of Birsialon Tuesday night last , so much so , that , with their permission , we shall , on Mondayf the 23 rd oj"April , hold a general meeting of the several villages in their neighbourhood , when , with God ' s blessing , we will lay the foundation-stone for opening the representation of the great county of York , and wrenching it front the hands of faction . It must be done , and at Birstal , among the many villagers . We have received , as much poetry as a donkey could draw j we shallselect from it as occasion offers , so let none be jealous , or we will take it bylot . \

      Comprehensive address . —s I new London publication , after having purlvined an entire leading article from the Northern Star , says , from a " North of England newspaper . " Well done , Harryj it won't do , we'll beat you all , and you know it . .. - - ¦ - ' . . ¦ '¦ " . . , - " ... . - ' ¦ -. ; '¦ :: ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ Jffw" ( f Connorreceived at etterfrom histxteltent friend , Robert HoU , of Rochdale , which he will f shore s answer , but has been very busy ; he hopes this apology will be satisfactory . Robert will get £ 2 10 s , from Shepperd , who will give his receipt ascash to-Mr . Htywood , of Manchester , All agents who choose tof allow their accounts to remain unpaid for a week after recei pt of them , can do so ; but they will be allowed only a half penny per paper : they can please themselves .

      Specimens of Stephens ' s portrait will shortly be m the hands of our Agents . Stephens is an honour to his country and our cause } he must be valuable to deserve so much vituperation from " Slashing Surrfs" steam tongue .

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      —m ™^— ^^^^ ^^_'_ _ '__ J _ ZJ ^ . _ ^^^^ / T ^^^^^ Si ^^^^^^ i ^^^^^^ i ^^ n ^^ - ^^ ^^^^^^^^ iSa ^ We ate n ^ qufc ' Halifax friends ^ they must spring up «* summer comes . Our correspondent sent x ^ ^ news this week—was there none ? He snidmt . If our Bradford friendswant ' moire local neios , let V them communicate with oitr correspondent ; we give all we get ,, and shall 6 e happy to give rn 6 re butvie cannot manufacture # . In future , Cooke , of Staley-Bridge , miisl get his papers from our Sfdley-Bridge Agent , Mr . ! Deegan , ' . -. ;¦ ' . '" : ¦ '¦ ¦ ¦ : ' . : ¦ - . ; v- ' - . V \ . , / -v \ . : ¦ '• ' ;¦ : ' \ : . All Orders for Lancashire must be sent on Wednesday , next week * : ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^

      Circulation Of The Northern ¦ ¦::;-¦ :--: ' Star - . ¦ ¦ • ¦ ./'^/:.: ' ¦¦ ¦- '

      circulation of the northern ¦ ¦ :: ; - ¦ :--: ' star - . ¦ ¦ ¦ . / ' ^/ :.: ' ¦¦ ¦ - '

      Untitled Article

      As many bets are pending with respect to the Circulation / of the Northern Star , and as we have received several communications expressing a wish to know our present Circulation | we subjoinj an Average for the last six weeks , together with the Numbers Sold in Leed 3 , Hud ^ ersneld , Bradford , and Halifax , respectively , during that period . This

      we give though against our own interest , as the Star is riMn ^ Weekly ;; - ; - 'but'we ' -giye : it on our own word , which can be confirmed by Messrs , J . Wrigley and Son , Paper Manufacturers , from whom we : get Stamps , and from our several Agents , ahd will be confirmed by the Parliamentary Returns we pledge ; ourselves . The present is the Twentieth Number of the Star .

      'Leeds .. .... ........ 11 , 422 or 1 , 903 Weekly . Bradford .. ........ 5 , 026 of 836 Weekly . Halifax . - >• ... .. 5 , 188 or 837 Weekly . Huddersneld .. . ..... 5 , 999 or 1 , 000 Wanting ¦ a fraction Weekly . Should tbis piove incorfect we shall pay aUthe bets . ' ,-. ' '; ¦ ¦ ; ¦¦ ' .. - , ; .. ' " ' , - '¦ . ' ¦ ¦ - ¦ '¦ . . ¦ - \ S - : ' - ; ; : Total Circulation of the " Northerii Star" for the last Six Weeks 63 , 954 or 10 , 659 Weekly .

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      Some time ago we announced to our readers that the circulation of tlieStor had become so great , as to render it necessary for us to erect a Steam Engiiie , to enable us to print pff the quantity required in time ; That 1 Engine we bave now at work for the second week ; and we notice it here for the purpose of thus publicly testifying to ( lie merit of the makers , Mess . Smith ; Beacock , and Tannett , Engineers , Leeds .

      The Engine is of two horse p 6 wer , arid the whole of it , with the exception of the fly wheel , stands in a space not more than two feet six inches square . The working of it is most satisfactory ; indeed , it commenced work without the least difficulty the first moment the steam was properly applied to it . To those repairing a Similar Engine , of , indeed , Engine work of any kind , we can most heartily recommend the above Firm .

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      ¦¦ - . '• , ^ LEEDS . ¦ . .. ;¦ . The Value of the Leeds Town Council . r—In consequence of the decisions of this incorpotatibn of sapience , no ^ less than fifteen persons were , on S « iturday last , summoned before the magistrates to answer chafgej ! of non-payment of poor rates ^ highway rates , &c . Many of them seemed to be m circumstances of the ; greatest destitution . Some had had little work for a very long time , and could scarcely obtain the means of subsistence . Others had been unable , from illness , to attend , to their usual avocatibns , and had nothing to depend upon except what was earned by their wives and

      little children . And yet the magistrates , Dr . Williamson and William Williams Brown > in every case but one , adjudged the parties able to pay . Besides the paitfyJsuni . s for which these poor persons Were summoned ^ there was to each case added FIVE SHILLINGS for costs ! ! ! ; One person who was summoned was a poor widow with two children j and receiving parish relief . : These are some of the blessings of the Corporation Refonn Bill , whigh has . beeh ^ ppn ^ g riatgljT Stn < sm \ aH ^ f The Whig 1 ^ 1 ^^ y & ^ Tb ^ t A ^ therefttefte ' Whig 9 ^* arehi g h ^ deserving of the Support of every man who . lovetHyranny and hates justiikK y ' ¦ ' . ' . ' ¦' ¦ ¦ y . ' - " . ¦" ' ¦ : 0- ' - ' : ' -. . : ¦" '¦ ¦ ' -fl . - ' ¦ :. ' . ¦ :

      FonGiNG a" CBRTiFieATEv- ^ On S a turday last , a woman named Lydia Crart ; shaw , ^ as brought before the Magistrates , charged with forging a certificate of the birth of hercraU , ; in order tij ^ t she might-be able to get her to wopj ^ Tetley / T ^ thani and Walker's Work % School -closed The chitge was made , by Mr ' * Baker , who produced several witnesses to substantiate at . The certificate was given from the parish church of this town ,, stating that the child was born and sprinkled in the year 1835 , 1 The certificate , however / was altered from 1835 to 1834 > being ' dated a year back . The clerk of theparish swore to the alteration in the figures , and the woman ,, Lydia Cfawshaw , proved that the certificate had / never been but of her possession from

      the time of receiving it to the time of delivering it to the bookkeeper of the works . The case excited considerable interest , and- occupied much time . After the whole of 'the evidence had been gone into , the Magistrates said that they found it was greatly her interest that this alteration should \ be made , whereby she could obtain the value of the labour of her child . She , however ,, ; was ^ answerable for the alteration ; ' they were sattsfieti ^ t . was altered by her knowledge , and as she had givien currency to a false

      certificate ^ knowing the sanie to be untrue , she Was liable to be imprisoned in the EDpuse of Correction for any period not exceeding iv / o months . They were unwilling to sentence her to anyi ^ senoiis imprisonment ; but it was their . duty to mark the offence . They believed it was an offence which was practiced every day .. They shouldy \ thereforej conimit her to prison till the rising of the court . They were unwilling to send he " r to the House of Correction , which they certainly ; shduldV do if she or any one else , was broughtthere phfiwinilaf ^ charge . .

      A Thorny SuBjECT .- ^ On cTuesday last , a Mr .- Thomas Page , of v-Arinley , was summoned before the Magistrates by thelSuryeyors of Highways for tie township . ; of Annley , to answer a complaint' made by t ^ emm reference to a high hedge opposite Mr . Page ' s / bxjuse ^ which they said prevented the wind and sun from :: drying the foaid in consequence of the hedge jb ^ ljag so very high . The case had been before the same-Magistrates , about a week'before , whenv ( aller bJ ^ y | ng : ^^ stated that as the ' hedge was : ' a ... . $ indy : ^ f ^ ' pToi ^ pia ;; . t ^ ^ | llTi . '^ 'P : ! ige- '> $ . dwelling-house , it ' was q ^ T . ekcep ^ ion to the ^^ l ^ regt 4 lalwgjt $ ^ att ^ b | it ; tbe . ' poin ^ 'id ^ disp . ute : to arbitration , ¦ sTOich'was agreed to ,: One of the nominated arbitratofs / hbwiever , Tefused to act , and the matter was acain

      Drought before the bench , aild notWithstanding ^ he " exception to the laie , " the Magistrates decided that the' ^ erseers might proceed to cut the ljedge ; but they hoped the oyeraeers ^ ould cut as little as they could b 61 satisfied with , so as to _ prdduce 06 feelings of , hostility on the part of Mr . Fage . -Mr . Page , at the same time , threatened thiifc claiming three feet ; of the road from the hedge , he should take in that ground , if they cut his hedge , and build a wall as high , or higher , than the hedge ; for he required some shelter for his house from the dust on the road , as well as from the continual gaze of passengers . Mr . Page ^ we understand , is a staunch blue . ; The surveyors are all yellows | . the Bfagistrates , likewise , are of a yellowish caste ; and we leave bur readers to infer ; the rest . :

      A SHiiUNG ' swbRTH . V-Oa Tuesday last , an old woman of the Green Isle , wa « brought beiFore the mj ^ istrates charged with having stolen a shilling , the proper ^ of Ann Pearson , a fesident of St . James ' - streeV It appeared that-on the diay previous the old woman ( who from age alone really seemed much more an object of the tenderest sympathy than of prQse ( mtion ) was 8 eHing matches , arid called at the bouse of the complainant ^ WhOj at the time happened to turn eight shillings out oif her jppeket upon the floor , and upon gathering it ud founf only seyen . A , girl who was present stated that she saw the old

      Ionian pick up something like a shilling , and put it in her pocket .. ' ¦ A . pblicemaii was sent for arid she was examined . : 'A shilling was found upon her , which she stated she had received the day before for the same . /' value of copper , arid declared ' that she had not picked up a shilling . She presented a note fironi the Rev ; Henry Walwsley , catholic priest , as to character j ^ and " shet was discharged after being warned ; by Dr . ; Williamson , to take care for ^ the ftiture lest she should be sent to the House of Qorrection . / Poor oldispul they had motei ^ need have talked brmakiDgher comfof table for Ufe j which frorii age itself appeared vs if'itcouldnot be very lone .

      Untitled Article

      ] &AT « lAfONtAL / D ^ QViEfWH .- —Last : Wednesday a man named Thompsou , of Beestoa Hill , a notorious dog-fighiter , was brought up at onr Court Hpuse , charged ynth 1 beating ; his wife , and otherwise itt treating seemed very bitter against her husband , and was well supported by her mtother ; Thonipspn was also supported by-bis step-fa ^ ber j VFho , we ; were tpldyis also fond of dog-fighting . He was bound over to keep the peace for six months . ^ "

      Sermons to Young Men .- —On Sunday evening last , Mn J , E . Griles , of South Parade Chapel , addressed a discourse to young men from the words , '' Wherewithal shall a ^^ young man cleanse his vi&j , " ike * There was a goodly cotittpany of young ; auditors , who listened attentively to the plain , practical discpuTse of this excellent preacher , who on that occasioti principally confined himself to' the consideration of some of those temptations to ' which youth are most subject , and pointed out the best means for escaping their influence . ; ¦ . V

      Inquest . —On Tuesday ; morning last , an inquest Was held at the ; Court House , ; before John Blackburri ^ Esq * , coroner , on view of the body of Wjlliam Oddel , a labouring man , aged forty years , and who for some time was resident at Gildersome . It appeared from the evidence that the deceased had , for a short , time , been in the workhouse , when , a few days ago , his clothes accidentally caught fire , from the effects oi which he was so seriously injured as to be removed to the infirmary , where he expired on Monday last . After a patient investigation of the case , the jury returned a verdict of ^ Accidental death . " ¦

      Vaqrancy . — -Sarah Hall was brough * t before the ; Magistrates on Tuesday last , charged ; by a policeman with begging at the doors of several respectable people . Sarah appeared to be an innbeentj and certainly was a modest and interesting looking young Woman , of about seventeen ; years of age * Shestated that she was without father or mother ; that she Had been accustomed to stocking weaving , arid had come from Worcester to seek work , ' tirade being very dull in that place . Dr . Williamsori directed the relieving-officer to grant her some assistance , and also ordered the girl to leave the town immediately on receiving that assistance , on pain of being sent to the House of Correction . Hey ! what happy times we live in ! ¦ . " ! .- '• ¦¦'

      -Embezzling FLAx . —On Wednesday last , two men , named George Ay ton and William Stones , were charged with embezzling flax yarn , the roperty of Messrs . Hives and Atkinson . Aytdn is a gardener , and lives in Jack-lane , at the entrance of the Dewsbury-road . Stones was the watchmari at the factory of the firm above-mentioned . Jt ppeared from the evidence , that Aytori had , for the ast . four years , been in the habit of . selling quantities of linen twist ; and some / suspicion being attached to him as to whether he had come ; honestly by the article , his house was searched , arid yarn found in his possession of which he could render no

      satisfactory decount . A person from Wakefield , also . a gardener , depoeed that for the last four years he had bought twine of the prisoner to as ihuch as 15 or 1 Tibs . - ' at a time . The prisoner was required to pro--duce evidence to show how he became possessed of such property . This he was unable to do , although he had been a dealer in the article for four years . He said that persons came around the Marketplace selling , ^ and he generally bought of them . The Magistrates intunated that if he . could produce one person from Whofti he had at ' any time purchased yarn , they might be disposed ' to take a favourable view of the case . He saidhe could

      not produce any persofi , fox he had never taken any notice of the parties from whom 'he had bought yarn , as he was totally unaware ; that he . was subject to any danger . Several persons appeared to give him a character , all of whom testified to his honesty and his general good demeanour . Mr . Nay lor : pleaded the case very ably for the defendant , and argued very strongly on the point of his > excellent character , arid of his having a large family to support . On the other hand , the overlooker of Messrs * Hives and Atkinson said he would swear that the flax belonged to his employers , and that latterly they had missed considerable quantities . Mr .

      Naylor also pleaded that this was not pne . of the ordinary cases specified by the act , which in the preamble stated that it was intended to apply to parties . employed in the service of any vnanufactAiTer ^ &c . Now , the prisoner was not employed , and therefore this was not a case cognizable by the act . Mr . Barr objected that the act was intended * to apply to all persons having this kind pf goods in their possession , for which they could riot account . Mr . Naylpr tben pleaded for a mitigatipli' if the ^" p ^ nalty , becaitse ,. though , the lav ? statt ^ - VKe iperiiiity to be absolute , it was the practice of the-magistrates in some other instances , where the -penalty was equally absolute , to grant a mitigation ; -He referred to orie case Under the Beer Act which -Be haA seen

      reported in the newspapers ; and he . thought that the same discretionary power might be ' . ^ etpise'd- ' in ' this case . The magistrates denied havingiexercised any discretionary power in such case , and stated that they could not attempt to depart from the law which was so positive and absolute ; AytGn ^ cias fined £ 20 ; and in default of payment he was to be committed for one month to the House of Correction ., Stories > waajdismissed , there being no charge agai . Dst hirii . Qn Op-following day ( Thursday ) Mr . Naylor applied to the magistrates to enquire" whether it was lawful for them to pursue two temedies against a cpnyicted party ;; he stated that a warrant of djstress had be ? n issued ^ and Ayton's hbusehbld

      property had all been seized , arid was about to be sold for ; the payment of the penalty . At the same time , Ayton tfas still coniined in prison , and he , Air . Naylor , derilancied his liheration . Mr . Lofthouse answered , that nothing had been done except what was in strict conformity with the law . And if Mr .. Naylor intended taking any steps in the business , he should decline giving any reasons for the course that had been adopted . The magistrates stated that as the distress warrant had not yet been returned , they could not liberate the prisoner . ; , but they recommended Wood to get the business settled as soon as possible , and , when the warrant was returned , he should be set at liberty .

      ; TWEFT ^ Owen Bower , was brought before the magistrates , on Thursday last , charged with stealr ing a shovel and spade , the property of a man named Thorpe , in whose employ he bad been working a few days ago ; He : had absconded with the ' ¦ tools , and sold them at the Lpridori Tavern to # a labburirig man , for considerabl y less than their value ; Boyrer'a wife appeared at court and begged very hard that ; her bujjbaod mightbe forgiven this ; - time . The poor fellpw ; seemed exceedinglysad , arid saidhe had been very badly off for alongtime , and ha 4 only had three fourths of aday ' s work -with / Thorpe . The prpsecUtot said he did not wish to pressiihe charge against the man , as he belieyed he was badly off . ; The magig trates said thefelbny was clearly proved , and thef

      hadnp alterriative ; they ,, must commit him to "the sessionisi Eealjly it is very ^ stiirige that pur magi * , trates have a discretionary power in some instances and not inotherSj which are pfecisejy : ' :- ; siinilat ; we have known many iostences in wnich even Dr . tjrpHamson himsplf has taken upon him to exefcise diseretibnary power | n cases ^ here felbriy has jjeen 3 istinc % ; proved . / Tiese men , jiovreyery were all appareBtlj'very poof ,: the prisoner andjhe ,, jprbsecu fo r * £% t We ^ do p-ot iay that tttat wa 8 th ^ Ei ^ & | % i y tner §" w « np discretionaify power to : bfi Exercised ; We wbuld , however ^ recommendI the magistrates to be consistent , and not make a paltry excuse for a thing at one time which they think , of no value at another . ¦' . ,. . ' ¦ ¦ ' ' .. // - : ¦ ' ¦ ¦ - - ' ¦'¦'"'¦ - : ¦¦¦ ¦' ¦¦ '

      Conveyance bv RAiLWAYi-WWe have beard soine curious arid almost . inciredible statements respecting the conveyance of goodsby acertain railway , such as altering the addresses of packages , warehousing them after they have been altered ^ and then selling them for Expenses . We haye had freqnenit complaints bf a / similar ; natnfey but must make ^ diligent ^^ searbh ^ and inquiry before we ^ give publicity to the branch against ; which the charge has been made . Wej thefefpre , reebmniend all persons interested in the several railways , who shafl see this notice ^ to make suitable iriqUiriea ai to / the rhode- of conveying and delivering goods by those employed . ' . - .. ' ¦ ¦ ' ¦¦ ¦ ' ¦ ¦ . " ¦ - '¦ - .: " .. ' : ;" - . ¦¦/¦ /• "' - . ¦ ' ¦ ¦ :

      Awkward Afjpair . —It eeems that a very awkr ward affair is about to furnish gust for t ^ e gentletneii of « i 9 tobe ; arid to add to the catastrophe , the Ssandal : w betwieeri two unequalled saints , the family of one , bbwevef , does not seexn easily reconciled to imake thq standard of : piety , or r ^ thef-prpfesiibri of P ' ety » as the rule oftheif - forbearance , more especially as one of the clauses of the new Poor Law Bill , of . which the gentlemen is a staunch supporter will vest the right pf property in the ladyj yrbich is of that tiatufej that she would prefer riot being incumberedwith it at present ; - ; / : / ! '

      Assatjlt . ;—On Wednesday , last , : a young man newly imported frdrii the highlands , -named Donald Campbell , charged another yputjb named Thomas ^ ry , with assaulting him and . th ^ eatenujg to t ^ bis life . The affair , however ^ ^ proved to bis a rpw about some strumpet , and Donald 'riot being ; nuicn the ; worse , the magistrates dismissed the case , ordering Airy to pay « ie expense ^ v ; / /

      Untitled Article

      EMBEizt ^ NQ Coals .- ^ William BramWT ^ James Chapelrow were brbugntbefere the ^ ari ^ trates on Tuesday las ^ charged by Mr . Thorpe ?^ the ^ firm of Thorpe aad Button , with fembSnV coals , his property .. The keeper of the coal staift stated that on Friday yreek Chapelrow pairie to hU staith arid / took 43 cwt . of coals 1 in ^ tne wagKon ^ Messrs . Thorpe and Hutitpn . He had a sac ? on thl waggon which he filled out of tlie 43 cwt .- $ } £ excited suspicion especially as it hai been a freque ^ practice of the pnsorier . He was consequents watched , and was seen to give the / sack of coals to the other prisoner Bramley , near the top of Byron street . Chapelrbw in his defence said that he had frequently occasion to hire a , ' porter to assist him and he had given the other prisoner " , Bramley thp coaisior b

      aving gone errands tor him on diflerent occasions when he could not gp himself . He ee rierally employed him ; and sometimes gave him money . Mr . Thorpe however stated that he hai never refused him any porterage which he required during the whole of the nine years he had been ^ servant . He had given him good wages , generally from 50 to 55 s . a- ^ reek . And he . was determined to prosecute him as he had not had the sli ghtesk reason to induce him tP commit any act of theft The charge being clearly proved against the prf sbners—the one for , stealing , and the other for tei ceivirig the coals , knowing them to be stolen-thet were both committed to take their trial at the sesk ¦ ¦¦¦

      SlOnS . •¦ : . ¦ ¦' ¦/ . , .. ; .. - . - , : .. - .... - ¦ . : - -, ¦ .- ; . . - . ¦ r ¦ / FuRibtrsr DRrriNG . ^ DEATH op a Mar I ^ On / Tuesday last , the driver of a hackney eoicfc belonging to Mr . J . W . Atkinsbn , appeared , befor » the Magistratesy charging John Dbbson , of Seaefoft with driving his cart furiously down Kirkgate ^ whereby it cariie in contact with the iriare he Wa ^ driving , and the shaft . pf , Dobson ' s cafr broke three or four of her ribs , arid killed her on the spot ; The hackney coach driver produced three © r four witnesses to prpve his case , who deposed that DobspnV horse was galloping most furiously and apparently without any driver ; they : saw the accident at a short distarice , and pefceived that the collision which took place was in consequeace of the cart not keeping its proper side of the road ^ but tufriing to cross / the street just at the time : the

      coacn was coming out of East-street , b y Timble Bridge . = On the other hand , several yery respect able witnesses stated that the cart horse Was going at a walking pace onl y , . and that the driver wag beside the horse the whole of the timei The witnesses also deposed that the coachman was driving most furiously , and that it was entirely in conse . quence of his furious driving that the accident occurred . He was withbiit : lamps , arid the night was exceedingly darkj as well as , very stprroy , tBere being , at the tiriie , ¦ : a ^ heavy fall of rain and snow . The cart was heavily laden , containine eight wompii

      and one man , who ha : d all ridden from Whitchurca to Croekerage , and back th ^ tday . At the time of the accident , several of tHem were / thrown out of the cart , but were not much hurt .- One of the witnesses swore that she heard the hackney coaci driver telling one of his witnesses before they cameinto court , to swear that the ^ car t was going at a furious pace . The evidence ; Was T . ery conflicting but we thought the coachman Was' insult , as a very respectable man , a saddler , on br about Timblt Bridge , stated that he distinctly / beard the coaeU pass across the bridge in less than , a

      minute-beforethe accident happened , and being ^ constantly , intht habit of hearing vehicles pass , ; it appeared lb-hW as if the coach was going at a tremendous rate . The Magistrates decided that the blaine was chieiiy attachable to the carter , but we could not learn on what ground they gave their decision . He : was accordingly fined under the : Impfpvemenr Act . Most probably the case will be again tried at the ne ? t assizes , as it is likely Mr . Atkinson will sue % damages . The cart horse was also severely injured , and had not been able to work since the ' .. accident ' , occurred ; ¦ -. ¦'¦ •'• ¦¦' . - : / / . . :

      ¦ '';• The -Leeds / PatilioNv— The buildin ^ jtf Park Row , Leeds , for the Conservative dinner , is ' proceeding very expeditiouslyV / It willbb a splendid erection calculated to cost with its . ' . internal decorations nearly £ 500 . The tickets are 10 s . 6 d . each exclusive of wine . The building has a very strong foundation , and that is coDsidered to be indispensably necessary , " as Easter Monday is expected to be the scene of much gaietj * . : Noble and Praiseworthy .--Sonie years ago Mr . John Jackson , corn miller , now of the firm of Dyson and Jackson j Holbeok Mills , being then in business as a cofn miller at Leeds , got into embarfaised ctfeuriistances , but has , sincei by dint of

      persevering industry , ; raised himself / to / a state of affluence , and , though clear of all legal demands ' from them ^ has paid the whole of his former creditor * the foil amount of their ^ debts , with interest thefepD , toasmany as would take it . This noble ^ and ^^ praiseworthy conduct has been duly appreciated by his creditors , one of whohi , . Mn- John-Hirst , has pre- rented him , as a testimony of ' his ' respect , '¦ 'With . a ' beautiful gold repeater , / attached to a gold chain ,, with suitable appendages . V Several other gentlemen , to the number , of eight . or ten , have alspV by sutscription , presented him with a splendid settee of

      plate , consisting of a massive silver teapot , beautifully embossed , surmounted by a peacock crest ; coffee pot to matcb , richly embossed ; sugar and cream vessels , and sugar tongs to suit . ; An appropriate address from the subscribing parties : accompanied the present , desiring that it might descend , as an heir loom to his posterity . How justly proad may the children of this man be of their noble ancestor ; and how enviable must be their feelings when contrasting this monument of realviorih m ^ L that recently erected to the memory of the late Diie of York , ¦ ¦ ' v- , " ¦ : ¦ ¦¦ ¦ ¦ . ¦ / : - - - : " -. / , / //¦

      Stealing a HANi > KERCHiE * .-r-On Monday , George Wood arid William Sykesji two ibiirig lads , Who residei ' at the New Eoad End , in Leeds , were brought up at the Couft-House , charged with stealing , froin the person of Mary Harrall , in Kirkgateji on . Saturday night , a handkerchief , which wa « afterwards found in their possession , and has since been folly identified ; In consequence of ita being a first offence ' , they were ordered to be whipped bf consent pf theif parents , and discharged . ' :

      Assault . —On Saturday-j James Wttitehead was brought up at the Cpurt-House , charged with h > v in S 5 on ; the / 9 th of / December ^ most grossly aseaultei a Watcbirian , while acting in the execution : ' . bf ty duty , by beating arid kicking him . The prisoner had absconded , up to the previous evening , when lie was apprehended . He was fined £ 4 . 10 s ., M expenses -- ;;; and jildefault of payment , he was committed for tyro months to Wakefield Hous ^ of Correction . ¦¦ " :. / - - "^ . ¦ -.. " ¦ •' . : - , / - ';¦ ¦ ¦ :- . ¦ "• ..- -: ¦ .-.

      SfEALtNG Money . —45 n Satufday , Abrabaitt Crowther was brought up at the Court-Hon ^ j charged with baying ^ ori the previous everiJDg , entef » the shop of Mrs . By watery corifectipner , in ; Kiik « gate , Leeds j when he took the liberty of forcing open the til | j | and stole 9 £ d . He Was appfehendett in the shpp with the amount in his possession , 8 i ^ the , ca 8 e being clearly brought home to him , by »» individual w £ o witnessed the transactipri , he ff »* committed for trial to Wakefield House of

      Cop-¦ recnon . / : ; : /¦; . . ¦ '¦ ¦/• - , .-::. - ¦ . - ¦ - _ ; .: ¦ ¦ ¦;; y- ; yj ¦ "¦ . / - '¦ / Coal Pit AcciDBiiT .- —Aninqt ^ rtvwas heii bj Mr . Jewison , at Roth ^ Well , on Wednesday week , <» John / . Chappel , a coal-miner , aged j ? 3 ^ yrhd ^ wii * attempting to burrow ; w <* pdj that is , Trefflonffg'ft ? wooden props which support the roof of the mine , a * the Robin Hood ^ Col liery , a quantity of stonesm rubbish accidentally fell upon him , which severe ? ills head , and killed him instantr / F Deceased v « s » well-conducted worknian , and ielias left a widotf to bewail his untimely death ;; and hia poor mothtf r ^ the time t ) j || Jury viewed the bpdy ^ was lying in d » dangerously illy-in the same room with the corpse « her ill-fated son . Unfortunately , the late subscription , ^ hich . amounts to £ 90 , raised for the relief » the Urifortunate guffefere by the explosiori « t . " « same colliery , cannot be extended to tnis ^ case . ; .- ;•' .-,

      Appointment , —The Rev ^ Josh . Cowell , 1 ^; cumberit ¦ of' Todmorderi . has been appoint Surrogate of the Consistory Coart of ^ Chester ; and also ot the Exchequef and Preipgative . Court- * > Y ^ j k , for granting Marriage Licenses , Proving * Bobbery . — -On Monday night s « me villaina ^ tered the mill of Mr . Chariemprth TbwBt # T Wortley , near Leeds , by means of a : skeleton w ^ j and having stolen one bag ef wool : they abscow ^ , withthe booty . ' ' "V- - . ¦ ' .- " / v " ' ¦¦ ¦ : -- , a- - ¦ ' ¦ W' ^ : StEalino Iron . —Oa Tue ^ ay ^ : Thomas , $ fe ifiimali was brought up at the ; CburtHouse , ch « g with having stolen a , quanti ^ i of iron , the propew of Mr . Fenton } of . Waterloo ^ Cpl liem near lee ^ He was remanded for further examinanpn beforetw magistrates of the : West-Eiding . / /

      AssAtwr . —pn ^ ' Monday , John Wflkinsbn *** brought up ; at iheCbnrt Housey charged with ^" ing , on { Saturday nighfc in liady-lane , pom " ^ waited ShomwDalby , a watchman , by beating * g kicking him , when acting in the execution oi »» du ^ v ^ yas fined £ 4 ^ ios ; and costs , and in of * fault of p ^ nment , he was cpnmiitted for tiro jnontos to Wakefield Heuse of Correction . /

      ¦ ¦ Leed^ And West-Riding News.

      ¦ ¦ LEED ^ AND WEST-RIDING NEWS .

      Untitled Article

      d " - . ¦ ¦ ¦ ' ¦ . " ¦ ¦ . ' = " ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ ¦ . ' -- / : / - ' ¦ - - -: - . - . / . :- ^ h- ^ : K : 0 .: R ^ h ; s : r ^ ^ K-. ~ - " - ' --- ' - ^ - ' . . — - - - - — - ¦ - — - ^^—^ ¦^ Bgfg =- ^ uJi - - ¦ - ¦ - ^ ¦ * MiJM **^ ^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ TTr ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ nlBWMMMMMBMMfc ^' iii ¦ ' - ¦ -

  • Citation
    • Northern Star (1837-1852), March 31, 1838, page 4, in the Nineteenth-Century Serials Edition (2008; 2018) ncse-os.kdl.kcl.ac.uk/periodicals/ns/issues/vm2-ncseproduct344/page/4/